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10. General Plan update CITY OF CUPEIQ1NO 10300 Torte Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 (408) 777-3308 FAX (408) 777-3333 Community Development Department SUMMARY AGENDA NO. /0- AGENDA DATE October 4, 2005 SUBJECT: General Plan update, Application Nos. GP A-2004-0l and EA-2004-17, City of Cupertino, Citywide. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the City Council ).> Provide your preliminary positions on the decision matrix to the staff at the beginning of the October 4, Council meeting. The decision matrix was handed out on September 20 and are included in this packet (see discussion below) ).> Staff will compile consensus topics (5-0 or 4-1 votes) and ask the Coiuncil if they wish to discuss any of the consensus topics ).> Topics needing additional discussion (3-2 votes) will then be identified and opened for Council preliminary discussion ).> Council members will identify and have preliminary discussion on any additional topics ).> Open public hearing to hear public comments on your preliminary positions ).> Close public hearing if deliberations are complete; leave it open if additional discussion is needed at the next meeting ).> Continue the General Plan to the October 18 City Council meeting for Council discussion or to November 1 if discussion is complete BACKGROUND: The City Council held five public hearings from July to September on the proposed amendments to the General Plan. Public discussion to date has included the following subjects: 1. Development Allocations ).> Major differences among recommendations ).> Office allocation 2. Heights ).> Major differences among recommendations Printed on Recycled Paper /D~I General Plan Update October 4, 2005 Page 2 ~ Building heights needed for typical high volume, high quality retail buildings 3. Economic Development ~ Fiscal impacts of all new development 4. Parks/Trails 5. Traffic Impacts 6. Environmental Resources and Health and Safety 7. Circulation/Pedestrians 8. One-Percent for Art 9. Hillside Land Use - Lindy Lane Area DISCUSSION Facilitating the Discussion Staff recommends a four-step discussion of possible amendments: 1. Fill out individual preliminary decisions on the Decision Matrix The City Council Decision Matrix (Exhibit B) was distributed at the September 20, 2005 City Council meeting. Listed are Hot Topics that were identified at the beginning of the public hearings; several other topics were added during the public hearing process. City Council members are asked to give staff your individual preliminary positions prior to or at this meeting. Staff will quickly compile the results and report back on areas of consensus and areas needing additional discussion. Consensus areas may have additional discussion, too, if needed. Please contact the planning staff if you wish to review any of the topics prior to the meeting. 2. Identify any other topics, not on the decision matrix, requiring discussion Once the decision matrix topics are discussed, staff suggests that council members identify any other topics requiring discussion, followed by public input. 3. Public input Open the public hearing for public input, and close the public hearing if discussion of the topics is complete. 4.Wrap-up Identify if any changes to preliminary positions are desired, or if there are any remaining topics to discuss. Planning Commission Recommendations (Exhibit A) The Planning Commission recommendations for changes to the Task Force Draft General Plan are highlighted to reflect proposed recent changes. Of particular {O - :L General Plan Update October 4, 2005 Page :3 note are the Planning Commission recommendations on residential units and the "Planning Plus" options for additional units. Additional units are proposed to accommodate committed units and in anticipation of requested units. Property owners also requested that flexibility be built into the General Plan. Another topic that has received significant attention is the hillside land use designation in the Lindy Lane area. This topic was discussed at two previous hearings. The issue is whether to change the designation from conventional single family residential to a hillside slope density designation. The change if approved would directly the potential lot yield for three of the 24-17 parcels that would come under the hillside designation. REMAINING SCHEDULE Two options for the remaining schedule are provided: Option 1 October 4 Deliberations, "final" decisions, public input, close public hearing November 1 Approve amendments, certify EIR November 15 Second reading Option 2 October 4 Deliberations, some "straw" decisions, public input October 18 Deliberations, finish" straw" decisions, public input, close public hearing, "final" decisions November 18 Approve amendments, certify EIR December 6 Second reading Enclosures: /0- 3 General Plan Update October 4, 2005 Page 4 Task Force Draft General Plan - please bring to meeting Exhibit A - Planning Commission Recommendations, revised September 14, 2005 Exhibit B - Decision Matrix Prepared by: Ciddy Wordell, City Planner Submitted;(,y: Approved by: / ! Qs( -" \ Steve Piasecki Director of Community Development David W. Knapp City Manager G:planning/ pdreport/ cc/CCGP A2004-01 oct 4 2005 /0 -l{ EXHIBIT A CUPERTINO PLANNING COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION FOR CHANGES TO TASK FORCE DRAFT GENERAL PLAN (Also incorporates changes recommended in the Corrections Document and recent staff recommendations) September 14, 2005 RECENT CHANGES ARE HIGHLIGHTED IN RED NOTE CHANGE NEEDED LAND USE AND COMMUNITY DESIGN NO ACTION NEEDED HERE. SEE HEIGHT CHANGES FOR EACH SPECIAL CENTER CONSENT Change Figure 2-D to conform to the height changes recommended for each Special Center (see below). Change as shown below: Actively pursue the annexation of unincorporated islands properties within the City's urban service area, including the Monta Vista and Creston neighborhoods, which will be annexed on a I parcel-by-parcel basis with new development. and BOther remaining small unincorporated islands will be annexed as determined bv the Citv Council. Page 2-12 2. 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Policy 2-20, strategy 2, Page 2-17 A strategy to allow floor area ratios to be exceeded may be in conflict with Floor area ratios for non-residential uses other references that do not allow them may be exceeded through the to be exceeded. development review process using established criteria for evaluating projects. . . Major companies. Prioritize expansion of office space for existing major companies in Cupertino. Retain a pool of 150,000 square feet to be drawn down by companies with 1,500+ employees or companies with City corporate headquarters. New office development must demonsh'ate that the development positively contributes to the fiscal well being of the City. Add strategy 3: Merriman-Santa Lucia Neighborhood: Allow legally constructed duplexes to remain in the area bounded by Santa Lucia Road, Alcalde Road and Foothill Boulevard. Change "Development Intensity" as shown below: m, Issue. DELETE STRATEGY 2. See Hot Topic Flag LU-2 for additional discussion of this Delete this strategy if the intent is not to allow floor area ratios to be exceeded: Recommended by staff August 16, 2005 in response to City Council questions regarding the reduction of office square footage and providing 2, strategy new New 7. Policy 2-20, Page 2-17 assurance that major companies have expansion opportunities. CONSENT This wording is in the current General Plan and was inadvertently left out of the draft General Plan. 8. Policy 2-21, new strategy 3, Page 2-21 A strategy needs to be added. APPROVED 6/13/05 Policy 2-24, Page 2-22 Monta Vista 9. .-Ri >If< Development intensity shall be determined in conjunction with specific development review. Add Residential: Up to 12 units per acre. Change Building Heights from "tvw stery buildin ·...L 1.1.... ~ ~1~ .J...~" to 30 feet. 11;-1 ¡:: _1 _t:£~ - c:> \ """'<. NOTE 5 CHANGE NEEDED APPROVED AS MODIFIED 6/13/05 MODIFIED 6/23/05 Change the first paragraph as shown below: .. . .General Plan allocations for other commercial areas Reàes are for local- serving commercial needs. Commercial/residential mixed-use is encouraged in selective commercial areas if the residential units provide an incentive for retail development and the resulting development is financially beneficial to Cupertino. Active commercial uses. such as bookstores, coffee shops, restaurants office supply, furniture and electronic stores are encouraged to locate in Cuvertino. APPROVED AS MODIFIED 6/13/05 [Directed staff to reformat Hearl of the City, Crossroads and Stevens Creek Boulevard areas so that it's clearer that the latter two areas are sub-areas of Heart of the City] Change "Development Activities" as shown below: Mixed commercial and residential development may be allowed if the residential units provide an incentive to develop retail use, if the development is well designed, financially beneficial to Cupertino. provides community amenities and is are-pedestrian-oriented. Change Development Intensity: Residential Buildout: TABLE 2A LAND USE AND COMMUNITY DESIGN 10. Page 2-24 Commercial Centers 11. Policy 2-27, Page 2-24 Heart of the City --., = I -.$? ~ Eo< o Z 'D ¡::¡ ~ ¡::¡ ~ ~ z ~ '-' z < ::I:: u '" '"0 ~ 8 ..... '" z ~ ;¡ .... ::E ~ ::E <';I o N U ~ ¡::¡ ¿: ~ ~ , ~ N CJ1 » ;¡ Z .~ ¡::¡'-'õ ztijP-. < ~ . ..,¡¡::¡~ ¡::¡ ~ ..... ~ ..... ¡::¡ Oll:> ::E';' C/J~ <~ ¡::¡¡::¡ ~z ;>< Oll:> ~.;. P-.<"J ~~ '1j OJ ;..¡ Q)...o ,.. 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(J o "CI'~ .. o " "CI ~ 8 . p., :r:.=: <:0 p..~ '" 10 -L( ð UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD - - -~- HOT TOPIC PK RL DS KW SJ NOTES Item 32 Union Pacific RR - provide continuous trail through corridor III new use. - - - HOT TOPIC PK RL DS KW SJ NOTES Item 32 Comprehensive trail plan for Regnart Creek and west foothills is advantageous. 6 REGNART CREEK AND WEST FOOTHILLS TRAILS P 15 ........ = , ,.r: <ZJ ~ E-< ~ ...., <ZJ ~ ~ <ZJ Q ~ ~ ¡:¡.. <ZJ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ d) '-' ~ ~ Q) ~ .8 ~ ,.; Po. '"0 ,.; ~ Up..: 0 Q):::. ~o '';;~"O"O'" Z U ~ 11J..:4 <l)::; I1J 0:::: ::J E:: u.;3 gs ~"'d 1:)..8 .§ o 0 ,.; '"0 ""!',j (,) 1-0 ~\C~tr)-;¡:::~~C'j~oOJ) Ioooo M: 0 0 C'd a:f C:;I .t::J .5 S:'·E-<S '" ~>..<::'Éi¡'" ~ ; 0 ~ Ü :; .g ~ O.~._ <.) ¡.. ¡:", ::r: ~ ¡:¡.. .ì:I 'f;; ¡¡¡ -§ ~ g..s r- <ZJ ~ o z ...., <ZJ ~ ~ <ZJ Q ¡:", -< :g f;¡:¡ <ZJ ;J ~ ~ ...¡ I Z o .... E-< ~ ~ Q) "( .... - ¡f) § 0 ~ ...¡ ;; ~ ~ ;>-¡.~ 3 ~ f;¡:¡ ~ "01::_0 ~ ¡:¡.. .S g,.~ 0: "'""'r---O .....:!oE---. ~.-I~~tE../l)~~ ...¡~E-<s~,,]g:§ ....::::o"'~~~-,,_ ::r:~::r:~~æ~.g:E ~ ~ ¡:¡.. IO-Lf.:L NOTES SJ KW DS TRAFFIC SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Pa¡:e21 _ _ HOT TOPIC PK RL Item 52 Employee Cashout Programs - amend ordinance to define program elements TRAFFIC SERVICE AND PEDESTRIAN NEEDS - - - -. HOT TOPIC PK RL DS KW SJ NOTES Item 60 Restore policy to balance needs of pedestrians with desired traffic service - - -- HOT TOPIC PK RL DS KW SJ NOTES Item 65 Set standards for Green Building design SUST AINABILITY P 2 8 --- <::> ...c ~ Message Page 1 of 10 Karen B. Guerin ._----~_..~-~_._---- .----.-.-.-- From: Bullock, Mike [mike.bullock@lmco.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 5:59 PM To: City Clerk Cc: Ciddy Wordell; Steve Piasecki; Cupertino City Manager's Office Su bject: October4th2005CouncilMeeting I nfo( Cash out) Mayor Kwok & Members of the Council: I was disappointed by the Cupertino Chamber of Commerce letter of September 20th, 2005, in which they request that parking cashout not be included in the General Plan. I have great respect for Cupertino companies. Since the Chamber is their representative, it follows that I respect the Chamber's point of view. However, I truly feel Cupertino companies will benefit greatly from cashout. I therefore find myself in the unenviable position needing to provide counter arguments to the letter of a group that I hope will become supportive of cashout. In order to do this, I will refer to the text of their September 20th letter Paraa@2hJ. The Chamber of Commerce respectfully requests that "parking cash out" not be included in the General Plan. While we understand the rationale behind such a proposal, that of increasing use of public transportation, we do not believe this plan will achieve the goal, and may severely restrict use of land for subsequent lessees or purchasers. It may seem like a small point, but the purpose of cashout is to mitigate the unintended consequence of giving an economic advantage to employees that drive every day over those that do not. Since land is expensive, and an acre of land will only accommodate 140 cars, car parking necessarily either increases leases or increases capital cost of an employment facility, by a substantial amount. Either way, it reduces the wages that companies can pay, to all employees. I have stressed that parking cashout will increase transit use, bicycling, walking, and carpooling. (I should have mentioned that it will also increase the number of people working from home.) Simply put, cashout reduces single-passenger car commuting; it does not just increase transit use. The land restriction use comment is covered below, as is the comment that cashout won't achieve its goals. EaIagrªplll Cupertino businesses already encourage employees to take public transportation via a number of strategies including free transit passes, free shuttles from major transportation hubs, fonnal and infonnal carpool programs, etc. That is a valid and very pertinent point. However, it argues for cashout (including reducing the parking requirements as a function of amount paid), not against cashout. Under the current status quo, it makes no difference how much money a company spends to reduce car commuting. They get no reduction in the amount of car parking they must provide. This is admittedly simple. But does it really seem optimum, given the high cost of land, the high cost of gasoline, the need for more housing close to work (which can be a direct result of requiring less parking), our national trade imbalance, global warming, and all the other reasons that we should reduce driving and do a better job of using our land? By the way, the cashout amount paid to an employee using some other expensive commute-related benefit, such as a free transit pass ("Ecopass"), should be reduced by the value of the benefit. ParaaraQO_::! 9/28/2005 ! D -It ~ Message Page 2 of 10 This measure, which is not used by any current Cupertino business, would allow employers to provide fewer parking spaces when they offer cash payments to employees who use public transportation. The HR impact of trying to police this program would make it unworkable, as "proof' of daily public transit usage would be impossible to track. Again, it is not just "employees who use public transportation". It is employees that do not use a car to get to work. Also, It is not surprising that no current Cupertino company does cash out. To date, it is not even identified as Transportation System Management (TSM). Why should Ecopass be designated TSM but not cash out? I believe that any company is free to pay employees for not using a car to get to work. Cashout has never been illegal. In fact, my understanding is that Apple, in Cupertino, did cashout, before they adopted Ecopass. My understanding is that Apple only paid $1.50 per day. I don't think this is enough to allow a parking lot reduction, but it was still a very progressive action that I appreciate very much. I have no knowledge of whether or not records were kept to determine its effectiveness at reducing driving. But clearly, the most significant sentence of Paragraph 3 is, "The HR impact of trying to police this program would make it unworkable, as "proof' of daily public transit usage would be impossible to track.". Where is the evidence for this assertion? I have provided written documentation, in the form of Patrick Siegman's article, which I placed in your July meeting packet, of cashout results. A cashout program's results could not be good if the program was not being adequately "policed". My attached file's Chart 3 summarizes the results of Patrick's 11 cases of cashout. And every case was a success. How can the Chamber dismiss these results by saying that cashout is "unworkable"? Patrick is a reputable, local person, who was a Transportation Analyst for Stanford at the time he wrote the article. He has done local seminars on traffic calming. His article is ten years old. To my knowledge, no one has been able to discredit his findings. Finally, as my chart 10 shows, in a city that requires city verification before any reduction in required parking is allowed, only companies that are confident in their own ability to implement cashout will try cashout. The Chamber can't seem to imagine a way to efficiently implement cashout. This does not mean that there are no ways to efficiently implement cashout. Have there been cashout failures? Perhaps, but I know of none, even though I have tried to find failures. Cashout has had it critics over the years and I have tried to get them to give me the data upon which they base their fears. I have always failed to get any information about cash out problems. I sincerely hope that the Cupertino Chamber of Commerce will do its best to find examples of cashout programs that have not been successful, so that we can all learn from them. However, even if they find failures, it will not be difficult to design a City policy that will prevent harmful outcomes. My guess is that if the Chamber looks for failures, they will only find successes and they will therefore become cashout supporters. paraQraph " There would also be a significant detriment to subsequent users of a property, for if a single business took advantage of this program to build out more parking spaces, then every subsequent business would have to provide the same benefit or tear out building space for parking. What the Chamber meant to write was something like this: There would also be a significant detriment to subsequent users of a property, for if a single business took advantage of this program to build more buildings so as to reduce the number of parking spaces, then every subsequent business would have to provide the same cashout benefit or tear out building space for parking. Charts 11 and 12 deal with this concern. By the way, tearing out buildings for parking creates a great negative image. My pointing out (at an earlier public hearing, within my 3 minute presentation) that "building a parking 9/28/2005 fQ-\.{ )"" Message Page 3 of 10 garage" would be a way to "reverse cashout" really isn't much better. Councilman Lowenthal had the most reasonable reaction, saying that such a company could always be forced to employ no more than the number of people that could be accommodated by the reduced-sized parking lot. Chart 12 shows that all of these outcomes are unlikely. The reduced rents of a cashout facility (compared to a non-cashout facility) and paying cashout will always be the best option in a City where land is as expensive as it is in Cupertino. Chart 8 shows why this is true: the rent reduction will be less than the "cost" (it is a "cost" that helps retain the employees that get the cashout money, unlike the cost of paying the full rent of a non-cashout facility) of paying cashout. Ih!U,a$t Paragraph We appreciate the intent behind the program, but believe that current voluntary programs already in place are much more effective and efficient at increasing public transit ridership, and should be looked at first before "parking cash out" would ever be considered. I appreciate the fact that they appreciate the intent of cashout. However, it is hard for me to see how they "believe that current voluntary programs already in place are much more effective and efficient ". The 11 cases I have presented show that cashout is extremely effective. How could the "current voluntary programs" possibly be more effiçifi.nt than cashout, since there is really no chance of any money going to the companies for having them? Chart 8 shows that the hypothetical Cupertino company earns over $150,000 per year to run its cashout program. Finally, the cashout policy being advocated for the City is strictly voluntary. It is only a new choice. It will not interfere with the other programs. This is not an "either or" choice for the City. The City can have all of the programs, including cashout, as TSM choices. However, once a Cupertino company chooses cashout and has a positive (cash flow) experience, other companies will quickly follow. We will all be beneficiaries of such an outcome. Please give this outcome a chance, by voting to include cashout in the General Plan. Sincerely and with highest regards, Mike Bullock Mike Bullock (408) 756-6261 -----Original Message--m From: Bullock, Mike Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 12:43 PM To: 'cityclerk@cupertino.org' Cc: 'CynthiaW@cupertino.org'; 'SteveP@cupertino.org'; 'manager@cupertino.org' Su bject: Septem ber20th2005CouncilMeetinglnfo( Cashout) Mayor Kwok & Members of the Council: I am sending this the day after the September 14th meeting. I think that my primary need now is to respond to the Chamber of Commerce's cash out concerns that I think will be made on . I think I know some of what they will say. The enclosed charts are the same as those I will show you on September 14th. 1.) I have added a protection for companies in case too many employees stop driving. There has to be an upper bound to how much they pay. The factor would reduce the amount that each employee gets for not driving, from the agreed-to amount. I would like to show you more detail. In any case, this change can be seen in Charts 5 & 6. An example of the factor can also be seen in Chart 8. (fJ -4 ~ 9/28/2005 Message Page 4 of 10 2.) , have created Chart 8 to present a cash flow example of a cashout company. It has the factor to reduce the payment. The factor reduces the payment to $5 (18/20) = $4.50. Note that once the percent of employees gets beyond 1.5 times the percent of the parking lot size reduction, the amount paid to each employee becomes a dynamic value. As an example, if the percent reduction is 12% and the baseline payment was $5, then, if no employees drove to work, the employees would only get $5 (18%/100%) = 90 cents for each day they didn't drive This protection is just as important as the provision that no reduction is done until verification is complete. 3.) I have created Charts 9 through 12 to respond to the Chamber of Commerce concerns that I expect. Thanks and highest regards, Mike Mike Bullock SBIRS SEIT Space-Ground ICD SI-1005 (408) 756-6261 -----Original Message----- From: Bullock, Mike Sent: Tuesday, August 30, 200S 11: 12 AM To: 'cityclerk@cupertino.org' Cc: 'CynthiaW@cupertino.org'; 'SteveP@cupertino.org'; 'manager@cupertino.org' Subject: RE: August16thCounciIMeetinglnfo(Cashout) Subject. Sept6thCounciIMeetinglnfo(Cashout) Mayor Kwok and Members of the Council. Up until now I have been advocating three changes to the City's Parking Ordinance. 1.) A definition of cashout 2.) A schedule of parking lot sized reductions, offered to employers as a reward for cash out payments of specific levels, such as $4/day allows a parking lot size reduction of 9% $6/day allows a reduction of 12% $9/day allows a reduction of 18% 3.) A set of any legal protections needed so that the City can continue to protect neighborhoods from the intrusion of parked cars. Also, in my Council Packet Email of July 19th, I included the following paragraph regarding Item 3. Note that the primary method of protecting neighborhoods from the intrusion of parked cars, with the cashout provisions, is to not let the allowed parking lot size reductions be too large, for the corresponding amount paid. However, city staff will properly worry about the possibility that after a parking lot size reduction has resulted in some sort of redevelopment, the company (or a subsequent tenant company) then decides to not pay the cashout amount to employees, resulting in insufficient parking. In such a case, the City must be in a position to 9/28/2005 fO-v.. ì Message 9/28/2005 Page 5 of 10 force the company to either go back to paying the cashout amount that allowed the parking lot size reduction or to spend whatever is required to put the parking lot back to its original size. However, since the meeting of August 16th, I have exchanged several very brief Emails with Councilman Lowenthal on cashout. Consequently, I would like to suggest a sentence to preface the schedule of parking lot size reductions, as follows. The following schedule of parking lot size reductions will not go into effect, for any company offering cashout, until after the expected reduction in parking lot use for that company is verified by the City. (I do not intend to imply that Councilman Lowenthai is advocating the above. I simply offer the change as a method to reduce any perceived risk to the city.) I have adjusted my charts accordingly The changes are shown in red font. Apology: In my August 9th message and my August 16th comments, I should have said that the Planning Commission proposed Strategy 2 words mean practically nothing to me, not that they mean practically nothing. After thinking about it (always dangerous) I have realized that it may be that the wording makes cashout an official TSM strategy in the city and, if true, this would therefore make cash out more appealing to companies. Sometimes I just don't know what I just don't know. However, I still think that a willingness to reduce the size of a required parking lot is the key to encouraging cashout. Final Comment in Favor of Cashout: I have heard several Councilmembers mention a desire to give a maximum flexibility to companies that do business in Cupertino. I believe that nearly all Cupertino citizens favor this goal. Cashout offers employers another method to do business in Cupertino. They will do it if and only it it is to their benefit, which is the way it should be. I am anxious to meet with each of you to discuss cashout. Please give me a call so that we can schedule a time. I am also looking forward to your September 6th meeting. Sincerely and with highest regards, Mike Bullock Mike Bullock SBIRS SEIT Space-Ground ICD SI·1005 (408) 756-6261 --mOriginal Messagem-- From: Bullock, Mike Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 5:56 PM To: 'cityclerk@cupertino.org' Su bject: August16thCouncilMeetinglnfo( Cashout) Mayor Kwok and Members of the Council, Thank you for allowing me to make my 3-minute presentation on July 19th I got through 6 of the 7 charts that I had prepared. I hope that I made enough sense for you to be sufficiently interested in cashout that you were able to find the time to read the items that I got into your July 19th Meeting Packet. They are the following 3 items (D-l{ð Message 9/28/2005 Page 6 of 10 1.) My Email, including my original Email to the Planning Commission, as attached below, introducing and defining cashout 2.) My 14 Cashout charts, providing rational and a summary of the best data available on what happens when employees are offered cash to not drive to work 3.) The Patrick Seigman Article on Cashout, which is fun to read and provides the references for the data in my 14 Cashout charts (Item 2.) For your August 16th meeting, the only item I have for your packet, besides this emall, is a set of 7 charts. They are almost identical to the 7 charts I attempted to present at your last meeting. The presentation by Councilmember James, where she mentioned how fast things are changing, caused me to realize that my reference to an on-site photo developing service was pretty dated, given the growing popularity of digital cameras. So I removed it. The only other change I made was to improve my recommended wording change to "Strategy 2, TSM" of the Circulation Element, by adding a sentence which makes the point that cashout will encourage walking, biking, carpools, and transit use. As I see it, there are now two cashout choices for you to consider. 1.) Accept the Strategy 2 cashout wording that was brought forward from the Planning Commission: Encourage TSM programs for employees in both the public and private sectors by including preferred parking for carpools, providing bus passes, encouraging compressed workweeks and .offerina parking cashouts. The problem with this choice is that the words mean practically nothing. The reason that they mean practically nothing is that there is no subject to match with the verb "encourage" and the phrases "by including. . . ", "by providing. . . ", "ecouraging compressed workweeks", and the new phrase, "offering parking cashouts". It begs the question, what entity will actually do these things? A reader might assume that the City will take these actions. But that would only be an assumption. Besides, even if that were true, why would that encourage other employers to follow suit? What would be their motivation? Your second choice is to actually create a new choice for all of the employers in our city. The new choice will encourage all of the desired results. Specifically I see the fOllowing as your best option. 2.) Recommend the Strategy 2 cashout wording: Encourage Employee Cashout!:r.QgramsÞ-Y.amending the Cupertino Parking Ordinance (within 1 vear) with 1,la definition of employee cashout. 2.) a schedule of R¡ukingJot size reductions ¡¡s "function of amount paid. and 3.) legal protections to ensure sufficient parking in all cases. Note that Cashout will increase walking. biking. carRool$,¡¡nd. tran!1ituJI!!, Well, I have to admit that there is still no explicit subject. But there can really be no doubt that the City will take the action Only the City can amend its Offstreet Parking Ordinance. This is where the City tak.es advantage of the fact that it has always done a great job of retaining dedicated and talented employees. Note finally that my attached July 11th message has a paragraph explaining the 3d item, "!eaal protections to ensure sufficient parking in all cases." I have one personal request. I plan to observe the entire August 16th General-Plan 10-'1.1 Message 9/28/2005 Page 7 of 10 discussion. I am very interested in what other citizens say about the General Plan Update. Besides this, I would love to find out your feelings towards these cashout options. Therefore I would be very pleased to hear any comments you might decide to make about cashout. I certainly do not want to waste people's time if there are not at least 3 of you that might consider recommending the proposed change to the City's off-street parking ordinance. I am looking forward to August 16th Sincerely and with highest regards, Mike Bullock Mike Bullock (408) 756-6261 -----Original Messagem-- From: Bullock, Mike Sent: Monday, July 11, 2005 1:45 PM To: 'cityclerk@cupertino.org' Subject: July 19thCouncilMeetinglnfo( Cashout) Mayor Kwok, We met at the ABC dinner and, if I recall correctly, we briefly discussed bicycles. At that same event, my neighbor David Greenstein introduced me to Park Commissioner Rod Brown, who then introduced me to Planning Commissioner Gilbert Wong. Commissioner Wong and I discussed car parking cashout and how the city might take actions to promote the concept in the city. He asked me to send him an Email on the topic. The result is the Email attached below. The Email was distributed further. The resulting comments were supportive. I was subsequently made to understand that the Planning Commission added some cashout information and recommendation(s) into their June 28th packet for consideration and I was invited to make a presentation at that June 28th meeting. I did that and the Commission took a vote, approving whatever cashout support it was that was in their packet, to be forwarded to you. I therefore assume that you got some sort of a General Plan update recommendation regarding cashout, to be considered, starting at your July 19th meeting. I would now like to define "cashout at places of employment" and state how I would like to see Cupertino's off-street parking ordinance amended, so as to offer new choices to companies. Car Parking Cashout at Places of Employment is where an employer chooses to pay its employees a cash amount for each and every time that they get to work without driving a car. (As you might imagine, this action increases car-pooling, biking, walking, and using transit to get to work. The cashout data, that I intend to provide to you, shows that these increases are surprisingly large.) I believe that Cupertino's off street parking ordinances should be amended with 3 items, as follows. 1.) A definition of cashout 2.) A schedule of parking lot sized reductions, offered to employers as a reward for cashout payments of specific levels, such as $4/day allows a parking lot size reduction of 9% 10-)7) Message 9/28/2005 Page 8 of 10 $6/day allows a reduction of 12% $9/day allows a reduction of 18% 3.) A set of any legal protections needed so that the City can continue to protect neighborhoods from the intrusion of parked cars. Note that the primary method of protecting neighborhoods from the intrusion of parked cars, with the cashout provisions, is to not let the allowed parking lot size reductions be too large, for the corresponding amount paid. However, city staff will properly worry about the possibility that after a parking lot size reduction has resulted in some sort of redevelopment, the company (or a subsequent tenant company) then decides to not pay the cashout amount to employees, resulting in insufficient parking. In such a case, the City must be in a position to force the company to either go back to paying the cashout amount that allowed the parking lot size reduction or to spend whatever is required to put the parking lot back to its original size. The Email attached below provides information regarding the Bicycle/Pedestrian Commission and that I did discuss this concept with the Director of Community Development, Steve Piasecki. Besides this Email (including the attached Email below), there are two other items that I would like to supply, in support of an informed cashout decision, as follows. 1.) The first is a set of Power Point charts, that includes some of the ideas behind cash out and, most importantly, the data showing how employees have reacted to the choice of cashout. 2.) The second is a reprint of an article by Patrick Siegman. Patrick's article is fun to read. However, its real value is in that it provides the references for the cashout data shown in the charts. I plan to drop these two items into the City's drop box tonight, for inclusion into your packet for the July 19th meeting, or perhaps a later meeting, depending on what is appropriate, in the judgment of City Clerk Kim Smith. I believe that the time is right for our City of Cupertino to offer this new choice to our employers. We have the staff that can successful create the ordinance changes. As soon as a single employer creates a successful cashout program, and reaps clear benefits, many others will follow. Employees will appreciate their new choice. Many will chose to drive less and earn more money. Our City will become cleaner, safer, more beautiful, and generally more functional. Other cities will follow and VTA will become more successful. Eventually, our whole nation may come to thank Cupertino for its leadership on cashout. Respectfully submitted, Mike Bullock Mike Bullock (408) 756-6261 -----Original Message----- From: Bullock, Mike Sent: Monday, June 20, 2005 6:25 PM To: 'gwong212@aol.com' 10 -)/ Message 9/28/2005 Page 9 of 10 Cc: 'cbpac@greenstein.com'; 'jhwalton@msn.com'; 'foulkes@apple.com' Subject: CarParkingCashout(I met you at the ABC Dinner.) Hello Commissioner Wong, I said I would Email you and so here it is. As an introduction, let me say that car-parking cashout is a better answer to the only legitimate CCC concern that I can think of, which is fear of gridlocked car traffic. Nobody likes clogged traffic. I would like your commission to recommend that the City amend its car-parking ordinances, so as to give new choices to our Cupertino companies. I believe that such an amendment could be described and included in your General Plan recommendations. Let me explain. First, here's some background. Car-parking ordinances were invented to protect neighborhoods from the intrusion of parked cars. They perform that function well. But there are huge unintended consequences; among the most prominent are significant company expense, global warming, and traffic congestion. Finally, car-parking cashout at places of employment is (by my definition) where a company chooses to pay each employee an extra amount, for each and every time that the employee gets to work without driving. If the car parking ordinances were amended to offer companies the choice of adopting car- parking cashout, with a reasonable reduction in required parking lot size offered as a reward for doing so, then, without any coercion whatsoever, events would naturally turn for the better. More specifically, the off-street parking ordinance should be amended to first define cashout and then to set up a schedule of reductions, such as: $3/day allows a parking lot size reduction of 8% $6/day allows a reduction of 12% $9/day allows a reduction of 15% The actual numbers would have to ensure that everyone that decided to drive would have a parking place, even on the worst weather day. They would also have to reduce the number of required parking places by enough so that at least one company (to start) would see the potential to improve their financial condition if they adopted a cashout program. Once a Cupertino company implemented cashout successfully, others would follow. I believe that the car parking cashout case studies show that a workable schedule could easily be constructed, given the high price of land in Cupertino. However, your staff may offer many arguments as to why cashout won't work. That is their job, if they have concerns. I have exchanged Email on this topic with Ralph Qualls and I have had a meeting with Steve Piasecki. I believe that there are good answers to all of their objections. We need to have an open discussion. Then your commission can decide. The CCC ordinances amount to more government regulation. Car parking cashout programs being recognized in the off-street parking ordinances would offer a new set of choices for companies. They would also offer new choices for the lucky employees that worked for one of the pioneer companies that decided to offer cash out. Those employees could continue to drive every day and earn no extra money. On the other hand, they could choose to car pool, bike, walk, or take transit and be rewarded by getting some extra money. The case study results are very impressive. I would like to show you the car parking data that I have. fO - 'fÀ- Message 9/28/2005 Page 10 of 10 I should also mention that several years ago, the Cupertino Bike-Ped Committee (this was shortly before they became a commission) voted to endorse the concept of amending Cupertino's off-street ordinances to recognize and reward cash out. Because of this, I have decided to CC Joe and David. I have also inciuded Michael Foulkes, because I believe that Apple actually had a cashout program at one time and I am hoping that Michael will join the discussion and become an advocate for the new car-parking ordinance provisions. I hope you don't mind my including these others. (I also hope that David can document the Bike-Ped Committee vote, if needed.) Let me know when we could talk. Home: 996-7563. Work: 756-6261. If you think it would matter, I would be willing to make a presentation tomorrow at your Planning Commission meeting. I am going out of town Thursday, but I could be available on Monday evening, if that works. It was great to meet you at the ABC dinner. Cheers, Mike Bullock !Q -)'3 "..,"'-..... ""'~ Cashout ""--"-.""~,"".- Car Parking Policy Change to Reduce Congestion & Increase Choice Car Parking Cashout: when employers pay employees an extra amount each time that they get to work without driving 1 October4th 05 Cupertino City Council Meeting ~ c::. I ~ Mike Bullock ~ ~ ~ o = ~ .,g CF'J ~ ro~ U~ .... ~~ ~~ ro~ ~.~ S~ O~ U .~ UJ , ro ¡; ~~ 000 ~ a; .~ --t ~ ~~ s ~ ro'ti x~ ~£ QJ ~ ~ CF'JU a; ~ i ;! , - - I ~ N I o (]) CIJ ~ Q) '-. :c~-t§ L.. 0 ~ :J - 0 ..cQ..,- :J E ..... CIJ Q) 0 Q) 0 ~ ¡:¡ ('I') ....-:::. ro-q-L.() Q)EO') C/) 0') -- L.. . ~ c , 0 IC .- J ro ....... c..~ E 0 O....J o ::::: . T"'" roLL >..-...C >æ~ - c Q) "C J:: :J Q) ....... > Q) C Q) c 0 ã5æE lDc-.. wO -- ~ '+- Y7 o Q) N .- C/) C o .- ....... 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Concern # 2 , .;;:,"Pi of parking because either child care. fitness center, or other) than before Owner has less than a normal amount » Has more development (offices » Has sold off extra land · t to pay cashout parking) with fu Compared to competing properties » Substantially less parking » Substantially less lease needs to be charged (or can be obtained) Tennant will take the money gained from the reduced rent and use » Employees that get cashout money are more easily retained » Many employees are proud to work for a cashout company Landlord is OK with reduced rent (compared to similar development because either ... » Extra development allowed a higher baseline » Se ng off of land generated cash that is then earning money elsewhere (assume identical development) · · · Property owners will protect their own interests. Cashout properties will be able to compete in the market place 12 with they want Meeting "Property owners should be allowed to do anything their property as long as it is not irnmoral" Mike BUllock October4th 05 Cupertino City Counci ----- C> J- '-"'1 cc.I«IDLj IDS ~ \kM ~\O Page 1 of2 Grace Schmidt From: Beverley Bryant [bbryant@hbanc.org] Sent: Tuesday, October 04, 20054:45 PM To: Grace Schmidt Cc: Beverley B. Bryant Subject: HBANC: 10/4/05 City Council Meeting Handout: General Plan Update Grace: Many thanks for your help with the distribution of these documents before the City Council Meeting tonight. Sorry that it took so long to send this email to you. With my best, Beverley Tuesday, October 4,2005 The Honorable Patrick Kwok, P.E., Mayor, and Honorable Members of the Cupertino Planning Commission City of Cupertino 10350 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-3202 Dear Mayor Kwok and Members of the City Council: The Home Builders Association of Northern California (HBANC) is asking the City Council to make four changes in the General Plan Draft, which is before you this evening. HBANC is confident that the City Council wants to balance its goals for the modifications of the General Plan with the need to provide a full range of housing opportunities for our community's residents. Specifically we request that: (1) Green BuUdin¡ (Policy 5-3. Strategy 1) and Ener~ Conservation Reouirements (Policy 3-9): HBANC encourages the City of Cupertino to adopt incentives, rather than mandates for green building and additional energy efficiency techniques and devices. The Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) of the California Building Code, applicable to all new home construction, were increased on October 1, 2005. Many ofHBANC's members voluntarily participate in the California Green Building Program, which quantifies energy efficiency, resource (water and wood) conservation, advanced ventilation design and installation, and waste diversion and recycling. In 2006, the California Building Industry Association expects that more than 6,000 California Green Building homes will be built, because public jurisdictions and builders are involved in voluntary efforts to conserve energy. (Attachments below). More information on the program may be found at: http://www.c1!greenbuilder.net (2) Residential Fire Sprinklers (Policy 6-11): In addition, HBANC suggests that before the City Council considers changes to the General Plan regarding residential fire sprinklers, the members review the data on residential fire sprinklers and fire fatalities in the attachments below. HBANC opposes the adoption of a Residential Fire Sprinkler Ordinance, which requires levels of sprinklers installation in excess of that set forth in the national Uniform Building Code (1991 Edition). HBANC believes that the installation of sprinklers should be a voluntary design option. New homes are built using construction fire protection features, improved electrical wiring methods, safer heating equipment and hard-wired smoke detectors, all of which are highly effective life-safety features. (3) Infill and Industrial Residential Conversion: HBANC urges that you ensure that the Cupertino General Plan encourages industrial I residential land use conversion to enable the productive reuse of land in locations where infrastructure already exists. An adequate housing supply for Cupertino's workers and their families is the lynchpin of dynamic economic growth for the community. 10/4/2005 Page 2 of2 (4) Development Intensity: Finally, HBANC supports the Administrative Draft for the General Plan Revisions which encourages smart growth by permitting building heights 60 feet or greater in certain areas of the city, as well as greater density and modified setback requirements. Homebuyers today are choosing to live near where they work; HBANC builders are willing to construct higher density infill housing to meet that demand. HBANC members look forward to working with the City of Cupertino to create a vibrant and dynamic community that will enable Cupertino's citizens to thrive. Sincerely, Beverley B. Bryant, Ph.D. Executive Director, Southern Division Beverley B. Bryant, Ph.D. Executive Director, Southem Division Home Builders Association of Northern California 675 North First Street, #620 San Jose, CA 95112 408-977-1490, X 2 FAX: 408-977-1493 email: bbryant@hbanc.org 10/4/2005 LIFORNIA ':'B: reen iL BUILDER program The new California Green Builder program is a statewide partnership between homebuilders, manufacturers, and local governments that truly benefits California communities. This exciting new voluntary program is designed to improve the environment by building high-quality new homes that incorporate: High Energy Efficiency Standards Resource Conservation Advanced Ventilation Design and Installation Waste Reduction Developed by the California Building Industry Association (CBIA) and its affiliate the Building Industry Institute (BII), the California Green Builder Program is designed to accomplish significant and quantifiable environmental achievements. In fact, it's the only large program featuring third-party testing to ensure each new home complies with the tough program standards. And because all of a participating builder's homes in a subdivision must comply with the new standards, the benefits wiH be significant. components: Higher Energy Efficiency Standards: Homes will be designed and built to meet the Building Industry Institute's Community Energy Efficiency Program (CEEP) requirements, ensuring that they are 15% above California's stringent Title 24 Energy Code standards. Homes will feature: Engineered HVAC systems Tight ducts High-efficiency glazing Independent third-party inspections and diagnostics of energy features Resource Conservation: California Green Builder homes use less water than contemporaneous Nnon greenN homes by featuring: Innovative plumbing systems and fixtures New designs for landscaping and irrigation California Green Builder homes will also save trees by using: Certified forrest products Engineered wood products (Also reduce waste) Advanced Ventilation Design and Installation: HVAC system designed by licensed engineer and installed to ACCA Manuals J,D,andS HV AC Ducts diagnostically tested per CGB tight ducts protocols MERV HVAC filters installed on return air grills Low or no VOC for structural components, paints, laquers, floor underlayment and carpet Waste Diversion and Recycling: The California Green Builder Program is designed to divert at least 50% of construction waste from landfills, helping communities meet their AB 939 mandates by: Using engineered wood products, which minimizes ol)-site construction waste Recycling cement, wood, drywall, and cardboard LIFORNIA reen BUILDER ",,'.." ,J green ;~ j, Become a Founding Partner of the California Green Builder program and capitalize on the opportunity to establish deeper and more profitable business relationships in the homebuilding industry. In Print California Builder magazine Gain access to 25,000 readers of California Buildermagazine through print coverage, to include the following: An editorial profile of your company. Articles including your company's participation in the California Green Builder program California Green Builder ads branding your company as a Founding Partner. BIA Publications California Green Builder ads branding your company as a Founding Partner will appear in regional and local alA publications. Articles including your company's participation in the California Green Builder program in regionai and local BIA publications. In Person Your company profile will be distributed at combined Builder Energy Code Training / California Green Builder courses led by BII and attended by builders, subcontractors and building officials from across the state. Sponsors will have an opportunity to display their green products and when time permits to make brief product presentations. California Green Builder will be promoted at industry events and programs throughout California. No matter what the promotion, your company information wili be included. In Touch Access to all CBIA builder members through direct mailings promoting the California Green Builder program and including your company profile. A pre-show direct mail promotion to attending builders ofPCBC·The Premier Building Show, which will include your company profile. Use of California Green Builder logo In your marketing and promotional materials. Interactive Your company name and logo will be featured on the California Green Builder website (www.CAGreenBuilder.org) with an informational page about your company, including contact information and a link to your company's website. Founding Partners Sponsorship Package Contribution: $10,000 For more information, contact Don Mull at 866.340.391 2 or dmull@thebii.org CBIA Issue Supplement to: "Questions and Answers on Residential Fire Surinklers" Over the past two years, there has been a very clear shift in the supporting testimony being offered by proponents of residential sprinklers. While the potential life-safety and property protection benefits continue to be espoused, these have become secondary to the new priority of "reducing local jurisdiction expenditures." Of concern to CBIA is the grossly overestimated amount of fire-safety infrastructure demand which will supposedly be "offset" by mandating residential fire sprinklers. Given the critical economic issues confronting local governments today, it is understandable that a jurisdiction would welcome the recommendation from a "fire protection expert" that the need for additional fire stations and/or personnel will be substantially reduced or eliminated if sprinklers are mandated in new residential construction. Indeed, how could a jurisdiction resist the opportunity to shift some of the financial responsibility from itself to the new (and non-voting) homebuyer? While this may be a convenient recommendation, it is also a completely dysfunctional approach to dealing with local fire protection funding California's concerns. Consider the following: · A well-known city in the Central Valley recorded 2,020 calls to which the local fire department responded in 1998. · Ofthe 2,020 calls, 52 (2.6%) were related to "structure fires" (i.e., residential and commercial buildings). This falls within the statewide average of2-3%. · Of the 2,020 calls, 1,968 (97.4%) were related to automobile accidents, heart attacks and other health-related emergencies. This is a very typical example of fire department response patterns in California jurisdictions. Obviously, mandating fire sprinklers in new construction will do nothing to offset the very clear need for continued response to the overwhelming number of (non- fire related) department calls (98%). In addition, of those calls which are fire-related, only a very small number would occur in newly constructed dwelling and even then, the fire department will still have to respond. Bottom line: A jurisdiction choosing this approach is simply avoiding the inevitable expense. In addition, it will only take a few years (if that long) for the new homebuyers to realize that their level of service is less than that in older areas while they pay at least the same (and probably more) in local tax. After all, the fire chiefs are not advocating a reduction in taxes for the new homebuyer. They are, however, advocating an increase in mortgage payment to cover the cost of the sprinkler system. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ON RESIDENTIAL FIRE SPRINKLERS Q. What is CBIA's general policy position regarding mandatory fire sprinklers in new one and two-family dwellings? A. While CBlA supports the installation of residential sprinklers as a voluntary design option, we oppose local ordinances which require levels of sprinklers installation in excess of that set forth in the national code (Uniform Building Code 1991 Edition). CBlA believes that fire sprinklers in new homes do not address the real issues relating to fire safety and are clearly an additional cost without significant value, especially in low and moderate income housing. Q. Why don't sprinklers address the real issues surrounding fire safety? A. Simply adding sprinkler requirements to new residential construction does not address the real issue of where fire deaths actually occur. More than 80% of the deaths in residential buildings occur in existing homes that are more than 20 years old (see attachment). Q. Wouldn't the installation of sprinklers in new homes reduce the number of fire deaths in years to come? A. The long-term reliability of these systems has yet to be established in the residential sector. Lacking requirements for long-term system inspection and maintenance, this becomes a critical concern considering the fact that the overwhelming majority ofresidential fire fatalities occur in units that are over 25 years old. Homes built today are constructed under far more stringent building codes than homes built more than 20 years ago. New homes are already built with many fire protection features, such as better electrical wiring and controls, safer heating equipment and, most importantly, smoke detectors. Without sprinklers they are significantly safer than older homes which produce the most fire-related deaths. Q. How do these current fire protection features reduce the risk of fire deaths? A. Construction Methods include fire stopping and fire separation walls between garages and homes. Each of these methods will contain the spread of a fire. Electrical Wiring Methods include more outlets to eliminate overloaded extension cords, circuit breakers instead of fuse boxes, and larger gauge wire. Heating Equipment is not only safer than it used to be but it is now sized and installed so homeowners are less likely to rely on one of the major causes of fires-portable heating equipment. Smoke Detectors have produced the greatest reduction in fire deaths in residential buildings by providing the early warning necessary for occupants to escape fire and deadly smoke. Q. Will sprinklers have an impact on the leading cause of fires in residential buildings? A. It has been determined that careless smoking is the leading cause of fires. The life-safety capability of this heat-activated system is highly questionable in addressing the most common cause of residential fire fatalities; a slow, smoldering cigarette which accidentally comes in contact with a mattress or upholstered furniture. This source of extremely toxic gas is usually only 2-3 feet away from the victim. Fatal levels oftoxic gas can easily be generated without creating the abrupt increase in temperature needed to activate the sprinkler system. According to a November 1989 study by the National Fire Protection Association, "...Sprinkler systems (and all other fire protection systems and features) cannot be expected to prevent fatal fire injuries inflicted on someone very close to the starting point of a rapidly developing fire. Even fires involving cigarettes discarded onto mattresses, bedding or clothing may cause fatal injury faster than a sprinkler can react." Q. Is there much disagreement over the estimated cost and affordability impact of installing a residential sprinkler system? A. Absolutely. Association representatives for the fire chiefs and sprinkler manufacturers have estimated the hard cost of sprinkler installation as being approximately $1.00 per square foot while building industry estimates range from $1.80 to $2.50 per square foot. In addition, neither one of these estimates accounts for the costs associated with the emerging issue of "local water purveyor requirements." In just the last three years, this vague and undefined issue has resulted in installation costs which are 2-3 times higher than those cited above. A local requirement for a larger water meter or onsite water storage can significantly add to system cost. Many water purveyors have become concerned about the potential liability of a fire occurring at a site where service has been temporarily discontinues (lack of payment). Given the Tax Reform Act and the "Credit Crunch" of the late 1980's, and the costs associated with rising timber prices, energy conservation and handicapped accessibility mandates, there is clearly no capability for low and moderate income housing to absorb yet another $2,000 - $5,000 in increased costs associated with the installation of a sprinkler system. Q. With regard to huilding codes and standards, what has CBIA done to increase fire safety in residential construction? A. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) and CBIA have been working together to lower fire fatalities by targeting those buildings where most deaths occur---older residential structures. A joint task force ofNAHB and the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) has developed a list of recommended actions, which include public fire safety education, hard-wire smoke detectors and fire-safe cigarettes. In addition, the building industry (not the fire chiefs) leads the successful effort to amend the (national) Uniform Building Code in two very important areas (see attachment). Starting with the 1991 UBC, all required smoke detectors in new residential construction must be hard-wired (to commercial power sources) and be equipped with a battery back-up. This prevents the problem associated with defective batteries so commonly associated with older, battery-only systems. Also, smoke detectors are now required in each bedroom, in addition to previously required locations. This responds to the data which showed many fatal (cigarette) fires were originating in the bedroom. The key point to be made here is that both of these code changes are highly effective life-safety features which cost considerably less than a sprinkler system. From a state perspective, CBIA supported legislation which will require new residential dwellings for which a permit application is submitted on or after July 1,1995, to be constructed with a roof having a fire rating of no less than Class C. California Building Industry Association 1215 K STREET, SUITE 1200, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 Phone (916) 443-7933. Fax (916) 443-1960 CBIR. Fire Fatalities in Residential Dwellings The California Building Industry Association (CBIA) Technical Department recently concluded an extensive 14-month review of residential fire fatalities which occurred in California during the six year period of 1986-1991. As authorized under California Health and Safety Code § 1311 0.5, the California State Fire Marshal collects and compiles data on each fire incident to which a city, county or fire protection district responds. While a few jurisdictions had purged their files of older documents, most (88%) were still able to supply CBIA with copies of the fatality incident reports initially filed with the State Fire Marshal's Fire Incident Reporting Service (CFIRS). Of those CFIRS reports obtained, CBIA was able to document the "dwelling age" of 98% of the fatality incidents occurring between 1986-199 I. An in-depth breakdown of our initial findings relating fire fatalities to the "dwelling age" is presented in Table #1: Residential Fire Fatalities via Year of Construction. Our study documented an average of 1 17.7 fatalities occurring each year in California's residential sector. Given California's total housing stock of 11,154,409 units (through 1991), there is an overall annual average of 10.55 fatalities occurring for every million units (see Table #2: Average Annual Fatalities - Adiusted for Housing Stock). However, the average fatality rate occurring in units that are less than 15 years old is 8 times lower (1.36 fatalities per million units) than the annual average for California's overall housing stock. It is also important to note that less than 2% of the total fire fatalities occurred in units which were constructed during the past 10 years (1982-1991). To put this into perspective, consider hypothetically that every dwelling unit that was constructed in California during that ten year period (1982-1991) had been fully sprinkled. Given this hypothetical presence of sprinklers, the maximum impact on the total number of fire fatalities which occurred in California dwelling units during the six year period of 1986- 1991 is limited to an overall reduction of 1.5 percent. In economic terms, this would have represented an expenditure of approximately $6.2 billion on sprinkler installations (1982-1991) which could have saved a maximum of 25 lives from 1986 through 1991. The actual "lives saved" would most certainly have been less due to the fact that sprinkler systems are heat-activated rather than smoke-activated. Two-thirds of fire related fatalities in dwelling units are caused by cigarette igniting upholstered furniture or bedding. This slow, smoldering fire incident provides an abundant source of toxic gases without necessarily generating an abrupt increase in room temperature. Considering the fact that carbon monoxide is assimilated by the human body more than 200 times more readily than oxygen, the "smoldering fire" presents a common residential scenario where fatalities could occur due to smoke inhalation prior to the activation of the "heat triggered" sprinkler system. In closing, our extensive research on the "age of the dwelling" where residential fire fatalities occur has clearly documented a most disturbing fact: The overwhelming maiority (90.6%) of Cali fomi a's residential fire fatalities are occurring in the older housing stock (pre 1972). If a significant reduction in our annual residential fire fatality rate is to be achieved within the next 20 years, our life safety efforts should focus primarily on our existing housing stock. Mandating sprinklers in new residential construction is clearly an ineffective (not to mention costly) response to the current fire fatality program. CALIFORNIA (1986-1991): FIRE FATALITIES IN RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS" TABLE #1 Residential Fire Fatalities via "Year of Construction" FIRE FATALITIES (1986-1991) YEAR BUILT NUMBER PERCENT OF TOTAL 1987-1991 0 0.0% 1982-1986 9 1.3% 1977-1981 16 2.3% 1972-1976 41 5.8% 1967-1971 52 7.4% 1962-1966 79 11.2% 1657-1961 80 11.3% 1952-1956 88 12.4% Pre 1952 341 48.3% Total"" 706 100.0% " A "residential dwelling" as used here includes single-family dwellings (one and two family) and multi-family dwellings (units located within apartment/condominium buildings). It does not include mobile homes, hotels and dormitories. "" While a few jurisdictions had purged their files of older documents, most (88%) were still able to supply CBIA with copies of the fatality incident reports initially filed with the State Fire Marshal's Fire Incident Report Service (CFIRS). Of those CFIRS reports obtained, CBIA was able to document the "dwelling age" for 98% of the fatality incidents occurring between 1986-1991. TABLE #2 Average Annual Fatalities - Adiusted for Housing Stock Total fire Annual Average Residential Average Fatalities Year Built Fatalities Fatalities Housing (1986-1991) ~ 6 years Stock (per million units) 1987-1991 0 0.00 1,016,709 .00 1982-1986 9 1.50 1,069,956 1.40 1977-1981 16 2.67 975,018 2.74 1972-1976 41 6.83 980,089 6.97 1967-1971 52 8.67 907,766 9.55 1962-1966 79 13.17 1,119,290 11.77 1957-1961 80 13.33 1,042,387 12.79 Pre 1957 429 71.50 4,043,194 17.68 706 117.67 11,154,409 10.55 Overall annual average = 117 .67 ~ 11,154,409 = 10.55 fatalities per million units For units built during the 15 year period of 1977-1991: Annual average (1977-1991) = (25 fatalities ~ 6 years) ~ 3,061,683 units = 1.36 fatalities per million units BI : -(('\-\ i í~ iT . " / ' , . " " c: ,:..I.... " (, 1._" -- I\. -'--1""" ) =' \ ,,' September 28, 2005 Dear CmUlcil Members, We have put together this packet to supply you with information that we may not be able to present at the Kim Street hearing because of possible time restraints. We feel this information is necessary so the Council Members will have a clear picture of the idiosyncrasies of this traffic problem. Item #1 A pictorial breakdown of the area where the official petition was circulated and the results. Item #2 List of problems and proposed solutions to this growing traffic problem. Item #3 A listing of streets showing ingress and egress from their respective neighborhoods with Kim Street closed. Thank you, Residents for a Safer Neighborhood I I I I , 1 [Q , ~ I-' -", '" ,-~ -!2! ,~~ ~() I ¡ r~ \ ::¡ 8 r--~ ¡~ ~~ ~ F~ ! ~i i---,____ i~ I t- ~ ¡ Iii I H Ii \ D 1~ rn w '" ~ rn ~'" f-j~ - I I , I : i r----' , m u ' , , i I I t.CO OJ I lIN IT~ \' I · I " · I , · a · ¡-- . i . ERIN WAY . :. I· .. · · I·'· · · I· I I I ,I i I I I ; : ¡ I I I .. '., .. ·:·1 I i ~WIN .'."1.: .. ;] .'.. i. . I. ~ . . \ -¡ I i. . ~~ ~~ î. 1 >' ~ z :x: o -. , CHERYL DR 1 I , ROAD . ~ ;-l. , .~ . :~.I., .' .; z -it), :..J . . I ~ z o t- Ii :f " LN, r ! . . -, I _. , ~, ----, ~ ~ ~ S ~ m en -< r -< Z l DR DR I i , 1 . BOLLlNGGER :--p ~ !" DE FOE , , , DUMAS ~ -----...- -w_________.. , ž,...: ~'ffi-u-- I > ., . -'-.~ ....= ------------.J PI ~q 0::' 0' LN, "1 , , I I J <; ? \') J> \) r r ~::? : ~~~'~ ~ " ¡;, "\ , ~ ~ II¡ ~~~ ~ ¿ :::J ~ . z ~\" I ~1' I \. ~\ . \ NOBLE FIR _ \ \.ì. ( I ~~_.~ . . : ..--;, .... '~; !~ ~ r-~, . ~, WAY l :~~ .-----.--~,!i '0 ' f----I 0:: '''~ ! IT ]B CARRIAGE FA!' ~I I ....CT)-. V~ (!) z 3 ~ :x: t- O> o f/) I i (;¡ t " < ", \I' '" I l JOL!.'y'~" INGRESS AND EGRESS WITH KIM STREET CLOSED Residents South of Bollinger: 1) Bollinger Rd. to De Anza Blvd. 2) Fallen Leaf Ln. to De Anza Blvd. All with Traffic Lights 3) Rollingdell Dr. to De Anza Blvd. 4) Kentwood Ave. to De Anza Blvd. Residents North of Bollinger: 1) Kirwin Lane to De Anza Blvd. 2) Kim Street to Me Clellan Rd. 3) Lonna Lane, John Way and Felton Way to Me Clellan Rd. 5) Erin Way to Stelling Rd. A PETITION WAS SUBMITTED TO THE CITY BY THE NEIGHBORS FOR A SAFER AND QUIETER NEIGHORHOOD This peUUon was brought about bl the follewlng problems and proposed solUUon: · The City of San Jose's lack of concern to the increase in traffic caused by the operation of Home Depot within close proximity of our neighborhood · The City of San Jose's lack of concern to the increase in traffic and impact that can be caused when the vacant property at the comer of De Anza and Bollinger is developed · The use of our neighborhood streets as a short-cut and cut-through to get to Hwy 85 by commuters and residents west of our neighborhood · The use of our neighborhood streets which is known as the "De Anza Cut- off' by Monta Vista High and De Anza College students who use our streets to byPass the traffic lights at the maior intersections on De Anza Blvd · Our belief that non-neighorhood traffic should stay on the maior roads designed and developed to handle the increased traffic · Neighbors concern about increased traffic and increased speeds through our neighborhood threatening the safety and security of our small children · Restore Kim Street to its original configuration prior to the City of San Jose's opening it over Regnart Creek · Allow space only for pedestrian walkway and bicvcle path between Bollinger and Kirwin Lane · Permit the building of a small European-style neighborhood park in road area ..çÿðYY\. Le5lle J e-ffrre5 :It ~ . -tD ~O wïtl-\ L6 \J VVl \) e{ e d 5 ßE2. aX exs CUPERTINO PUBLIC HEARING - OCTOBER 4. 2005 '(\ f 10 POINTS FOR KEEPING KIM STREET OPEN - 24/7 1. Introduction - The petition to close Kim Street is outdated. The 2005 petition clearly shows that 703 people, 582 households want Kim Street kept open between Bollinger Road and Kirwin Lane to allow for 24/7 passage. Speaker - Cecil Coe 2. Pennanently closing Kim Street would block the ability of emergency vehicles to get in and out of the neighborhood. In addition, permanently blocking Kim Street would block off a critical evacuation route for this neighborhood. Spea1œr - Martin Jejfries 3. The Sheriff's department has no record of any accidents on Kim Street. Spea1œr - Bernie Kalvelage 4. The neighbors on the North Side of Kim Street would also like it kept open; 53% of the neighbors in the Kim Street North area signed the petition to keep it open. Spea1œr - Deb Banerjee 5. Rerouting the traffic off of Kim Street causes "traffic-dumping" onto already overcrowded streets such as on McClellan Road. If the traffic can't go on one street it will have to go on another. Spea1œr-Janet Ward 6. The original traffic patterns that existed when the Kim Street restrictions were put in place are no longer present. Spea1œr - Charlie Hanson 7. The current Kim Street restrictions place an additional burden on students trying to get to school in the morning. It takes an extra five to ten minutes for students to get to school each morning due to the existing Kim Street restrictions. Spea1œr - Emily Wu 8. The most recent traffic study done on Kim Street has flaws in the logic. Speaker - Paul Cheng 9. We see no valid reason why the city should close or further restrict Kim Street in the afternoon hours from 3-6 PM, and there is no valid evidence as to why Kim Street should be restricted in the morning hours from 6-9 AM. Spea1œr - Alan Zapala 10. Conclusion - We need to look at overall picture and determine what is in the best interest of the community as a whole. Keeping Kim Street open 24/7 with NO RESTRICTIONS is clearly in the best interest of the community. Spea1œr - Leslie Jejfries E~HIBIT Ct Lindy Lane Area Zoning Map " Sun Property: 21989 Lindy Lane Sun Property: East of Lindy Place .SteeptoV~SteepHiIIside -Huge lùtaining Wa!1 ProtedsLindy Lane _RlloningDoesn'tFitSteepSunPropc:rty _SteepHiUsideRequiresRHSProtedioo + RHS N-xd To Maintain Rum! Environment OIIIcrvaticMIlII'IIotof,byh Moore,2JH1u.dyLøe c.pel'Üllo rnldnl b- »t,.n (25 yean _ u.dJ) ~.....__,,",-..d.NflønIllL"dyCuJOll ~- _SteeptoVerySteepHiIlsìdc: _ Huge Retaining Wall Protects Lindy Lane -RI ZonmgDoem'tFitSteepSllDProperty _Steep HiII!IidcRequires RHSPrctectìon _ RHS Nccðl:dTo Maintain Rural EnviromnCDI 101 Y ~ j ¥IO. ~. 1 Ct IDly/os- :#/0· JOk "'- Petition to Cupertino City Council to 1~s Revise General Plan to Rezone Lindy '5(k>./tJ/ Lane Hillsides From R1 to RHS fXHIBIT Patrick Kwok, Mayor Richard Lowenthal, Vice Mayor Sandra James, Council Member Dolly Sandoval, Council Member Kris Wang, Council Member . . To FrømCeE1;cerned South Side Lind\y <lane Residents 1 October 2005 The Lindy Lane Canyon Neighborhood The View North from the Candy Rock Mountain Area Canyon Profile of Hillside Recommended for RHS Zoning in the Interest of SAFETY Canyon Profile 2 North ('.7eology & Steep Hillsides are Conducive to Mudslides & .Potential Loss of Life The Lindy Lane Canyon Mudslide of 1983/84 · Mudflow from the Southside of the Lindy Lane Hillside in Winter of 1983/84 · Earth Liquified and Flowed · Hydraulic Pressure Pushed Home Off Foundation and Floors Folded to the Ceiling · Our Home at 21852 Lindy Lane Was Destroyed · 7500 Cubic Yards of Earth Removed from Hillside - 750 Dump Truck Loads Hauled Away - l Major Safety Concern.... F'onunätelyWeEvacuêilted.in time. 3 i. . . . . . \. ,.,;,;;" . '~'; .}; 't. '. /. (;.')7 """ .. " ." \2:j~~.· " ../: . ~~~:;:''"'!'_'}~. . ,Ii ../;~ ' "'-......'1..'..",.""'",·, '" " .. #"'" . ," ,iF'."'7lNi ..' '" _,:" ~>.\".:,,1, ¡¡,." ,~ . ,~ ~ , ,/ í . . - o "0 0° , Our Home Was Completely Destroyed 5 Floors Were Folded to the Ceiling Crushing Forces Destroyed Patio & Walls Attempts to Shore Up & Save House Were Futil e 6 7 Out of Our Home For 3 Years '; ~ . ". ~~ " -. > .:~' .:. ... "1 \."" ,. . .... ~.. ,_'. ,/ ",-* r .¡' ~. " ~- .~ \ ,. · City Erected The Fence for Protection · We Were Displaced For 3 Years While Home Was Demolished and Rebuilt · Looters Even Stole Toilets, Garage Door, and Everything In Between Californ ia Geological Survey.. . Seismic Hazard Zone Report 068 2002 Conclusion 1983/84. n . I Major Mudslide Occurred . · The Area Has a History of Repeated Mudslides · Human Safety is at Risk and Must Be of Major Concern to the City Council Property Damage and Loss of Life May Result if Future Mudslides Result From Inadequate Zoning . 9 To Ensure a Safe Neighborh()od, Free From Dangers of Earth Flow and Mudslides, We Are Requesting That The City Council Revise The General Plan and Designate The Steep Hillside on The North of Lindy Lane From R1 To RHS. Ciddy Wordell Subject: drmarielin@aol.com Saturday, October 01, 2005 8:06 PM Patrick Kwok; Richard Lowenthal; Sandra James; Kris Wang; angela.chen@sanjoseca,gov; Igiefer@sbcglobal.net; mmiller@interorealestate,com; gwong212@aol.com I oppose rezoning of our area from R 1 to RSH From: Sent: To: Dear Cupertino City Council, Planning Commission and Planning Staff: As a resident of Mt. Crest Place, I object to the recent change in building requirements in our area. I object to the change in the Rl ordinance section 19.28.050 paragraph C whereby both the Rl and RSH rules are applied to buildings in our area with slope densities greater than 15%. I request that the city council repeal the change in the Rl ordinance section 19.28.050 paragraph C whereby both the R1 and RSH rules are applied to buildings with slope densities greater than 15% and reinstate the previous rule. I also request that the proposed rezoning of our area from Rl to RSH be dropped from the general plan. Thanks for your immediate attention to this matter. Sincerely, Dr. Marie Lin 11244 Mt. Crest Place Cupertino, CA 95014 E,XHIBIT c.c..!IO-Lt-O'S :it \0 1 cc. '[(DL.! IDS rKM ==*\0 Page 1 of2 From: Beverley Bryant [bbryant@hbanc,org] Sent: Tuesday, October 04, 20054:45 PM To: Grace Schmidt Cc: Beverley B, Bryant Subject: HBANC: 10/4/05 City Council Meeting Handout: General Plan Update f Grace Schmidt Grace: Many thanks for your help with the distribution of these documents before the City Council Meeting tonight Sorry that it took so long to send this email to you, With my best, Beverley Tuesday, October 4,2005 The Honorable Patrick Kwok, P.E" Mayor, and Honorable Members of the Cupertino Planning Commission City of Cupertino 10350 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-3202 Dear Mayor Kwok and Members of the City Council: The Home Builders Association of Northern California (HBANC) is asking the City Council to make four changes in the General Plan Draft, which is before you this evening. HBANC is confident that the City Council wants to balance its goals for the modifications of the General Plan with the need to provide a full range of housing opportunities for our community's residents, Specifically we request that: (1) Green Buildin!! (Policy 5-3. Strate!!V 1) and Ener!!V Conservation Reauirements (Policv 3-9): HBANC encourages the City of Cupertino to adopt incentives, rather than mandates for green building and additional energy efficiency techniques and devices. The Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) of the California Building Code, applicable to all new home construction, were increased on October 1, 2005, Many ofHBANC's members voluntarily participate in the California Green Building Program, which quantifies energy efficiency, resource (water and wood) conservation, advanced ventilation design and installation, and waste diversion and recycling. In 2006, the California Building Industry Association expects that more than 6,000 California Green Building homes will be built, because public jurisdictions and builders are involved in voluntary efforts to conserve energy, (Attachments below), More information on the program may be found at: http://www.cagreenbuilder.net (2) Residential Fire Sprinklers (Policv 6-11): In addition, HBANC suggests that before the City Council considers changes to the General Plan regarding residential fire sprinklers, the members review the data on residential fire sprinklers and fire fatalities in the attachments below. HBANC opposes the adoption of a Residential Fire Sprinkler Ordinance, which requires levels of sprinklers installation in excess of that set forth in the national Uniform Building Code (1991 Edition), HBANC believes that the installation of sprinklers should be a voluntary design option, New homes are built using construction fire protection features, improved electrical wiring methods, safer heating equipment and hard-wired smoke detectors, all of which are highly effective life-safety features. (3) Infill and Industrial Residential Couversion: HBANC urges that you ensure that the Cupertino General Plan encourages industrial / residential land use conversion to enable the productive reuse of land in locations where infrastructure already exists. An adequate housing supply for Cupertino's workers and their families is the lynchpin of dynamic economic growth for the community. 10/4/2005 ~0:~ (HIFO""" . green ~ BUILDER program The new California Green Builder program is a statewide partnership between homebuilders, manufacturers, and local governments that truly benefits California communities. This exciting new voluntary program is designed to improve the environment by building high~quality new homes that incorporate: High Energy Efficiency Standards Resource Conservation Advanced Ventilation Design and Installation Waste Reduction Developed by the California Building Industry Association (CBIA) and its affiliate the Building Industry Institute (BII), the California Green Builder Program is designed to accomplish significant and quantifiable environmental achievements. In fact it's the only large program featuring third-party testing to ensure each new home complies with the tough program standards. And because all of a participating builder's homes in a subdivision must comply with the new standards, the benefits will be significant. components: Higher Energy Efficiency Standards: Homes will be designed and built to meet the Building Industry Institute's Community Energy Efficiency Program (CEEP) requirements, ensuring that they are 15% above California's stringent Title 24 Energy Code standards. Homes will feature: Engineered HVAC systems Tight ducts High·efficiency glazing Independent third-party inspections and diagnostics of energy features Resource Conservation: California Green Builder homes use less water than contemporaneous "non green" homes by featuring: Innovative plumbing systems and fixtures New designs for landscaping and irrigation California Green Builder homes will also save trees by using: Certified forrest products Engineered wood products (Also reduce waste) Advanced Ventilation Design and Installation: HVAC system designed by licensed engineer and installed to ACCA Manuals J, D.and 5 HV AC Ducts diagnostically tested per CGB tight ducts protocols MERV HV AC filters installed on return air grills Low or no VOC for structural components, paints, laquers, floor underlayment and carpet Waste Diversion and Recycling: The California Green Builder Program is designed to divert at least 500Æ> of construction waste from landfills, helping communities meet their AB 939 mandates by: Using engineered wood products, which minimizes ofl-site construction waste Recycling cement, wood, drywall, and cardboard CBIA Issue Supplement to: "Questions and Answers on Residential Fire Sorinklers" Over the past two years, there has been a very clear shift in the supporting testimony being offered by proponents of residential sprinklers. While the potential life-safety and property protection benefits continue to be espoused, these have become secondary to the new priority of "reducing local jurisdiction expenditures." Of concern to CBIA is the grossly overestimated amount of fire-safety infrastructure demand which will supposedly be "offset" by mandating residential fire sprinklers. Given the critical economic issues confronting local governments today, it is understandable that a jurisdiction would welcome the recommendation from a "fire protection expert" that the need for additional fire stations and/or personnel will be substantially reduced or eliminated if sprinklers are mandated in new residential construction. Indeed, how could a jurisdiction resist the opportunity to shift some of the financial responsibility from itself to the new (and non-voting) homebuyer? While this may be a convenient recommendation, it is also a completely dysfunctional approach to dealing with local fue protection funding California's concerns. Consider the following: · A well-known city in the Central Valley recorded 2,020 calls to which the local fire department responded in 1998. · Of the 2,020 calls, 52 (2.6%) were related to "structure fires" (i.e., residential and commercial buildings). This falls within the statewide average of 2-3%. · Of the 2,020 calls, 1,968 (97.4%) were related to automobile accidents, heart attacks and other health-related emergencies. This is a very typical example of fire department response patterns in California jurisdictions. Obviously, mandating fire sprinklers in new construction will do nothing to offset the very clear need for continued response to the overwhelming number of (non- fire related) department calls (98%). In addition, of those calls which are fire-related, only a very small number would occur in newly constructed dwelling and even then, the fire department will still have to respond. Bottom line: A jurisdiction choosing this approach is simply avoiding the inevitable expense. In addition, it will only take a few years (if that long) for the new homebuyers to realize that their level of service is less than that in older areas while they pay at least the same (and probably more) in local tax. After all, the fire chiefs are not advocating a reduction in taxes for the new homebuyer. They are, however, advocating an increase in mortgage payment to cover the cost ofthe sprinkler system. Q. How do these current fire protection features reduce the risk of fire deaths? A. Construction Methods include fire stopping and fue separation walls between garages and homes. Each of these methods will contain the spread of a fire. Electrical Wiring Methods include more outlets to eliminate overloaded extension cords, circuit breakers instead of fuse boxes, and larger gauge wire. Heating Equipment is not only safer than it used to be but it is now sized and installed so homeowners are less likely to rely on one of the major causes of fires-portable heating equipment. Smoke Detectors have produced the greatest reduction in fire deaths in residential buildings by providing the early warning necessary for occupants to escape fire and deadly smoke, Q. Will sprinklers have an impact on the leading cause of fires in residential buildings? A. It has been determined that careless smoking is the leading cause of fires. The life-safety capability ofthis heat-activated system is highly questionable in addressing the most common cause ofresidential fire fatalities; a slow, smoldering cigarette which accidentally comes in contact with a mattress or upholstered furniture. This source of extremely toxic gas is usually only 2-3 feet away from the victim. Fatal levels of toxic gas can easily be generated without creating the abrupt increase in temperature needed to activate the sprinkler system. According to a November 1989 study by the National Fire Protection Association, "...Sprinkler systems (and all other fire protection systems and features) cannot be expected to prevent fatal fire injuries inflicted on someone very close to the starting point of a rapidly developing fire. Even fires involving cigarettes discarded onto mattresses, bedding or clothing may cause fatal injury faster than a sprinkler can react." Q. Is there much disagreement over the estimated cost and affordability impact of installing a residential sprinkler system? A. Absolutely. Association representatives for the fire chiefs and sprinkler manufacturers have estimated the hard cost of sprinkler installation as being approximately $1.00 per square foot while building industry estimates range from $1.80 to $2.50 per square foot. In addition, neither one of these estimates accounts for the costs associated with the emerging issue of "local water purveyor requirements." In just the last three years, this vague and undefined issue has resulted in installation costs which are 2-3 times higher than those cited above. A local requirement for a larger water meter or onsite water storage can significantly add to system cost. Many water purveyors have become concerned about the potential liability of a fire occurring at a site where service has been temporarily discontinues (lack of payment). Given the Tax Reform Act and the "Credit Crunch" of the late 1980's, and the costs associated with rising timber prices, ~' CHIR. California Building Industry Association 1215 K STREET, SUlTE 1200, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 Phone (916) 443-7933. Fax (916) 443-1960 Fire Fatalities in Residential Dwellings The California Building Industry Association (CBIA) Technical Department recently concluded an extensive 14-month review of residential fire fatalities which occurred in California during the six year period of 1986-1991. As authorized under California Health and Safety Code § 1311 0.5, the California State Fire Marshal collects and compiles data on each fire incident to which a city, county or fire protection district responds. While a few jurisdictions had purged their files of older documents, most (88%) were still able to supply CBIA with copies ofthe fatality incident reports initially filed with the State Fire Marshal's Fire Incident Reporting Service (CFIRS). Of those CFIRS reports obtained, CBIA was able to document the "dwelling age" of 98% of the fatality incidents occurring between 1986-1991. An in-depth breakdown of our initial findings relating fire fatalities to the "dwelling age" is presented in Table # I: Residential Fire Fatalities via Year of Construction. Our study documented an average of 117.7 fatalities occurring each year in California's residential sector. Given California's total housing stock of 11,154,409 units (through 1991), there is an overall annual average of 10.55 fatalities occurring for every million units (see Table #2: Average Annual Fatalities - Adiusted for Housing Stock). However, the average fatality rate occurring in units that are less than 15 years old is 8 times lower (1.36 fatalities per million units) than the annual average for California's overall housing stock. It is also important to note that less than 2% of the total fue fatalities occurred in units which were constructed during the past 10 years (1982-1991). To put this into perspective, consider hypothetically that every dwelling unit that was constructed in California during that ten year period (1982-1991) had been fully sprinkled. Given this hypothetical presence of sprinklers, the maximum impact on the total number of fire fatalities which occurred in California dwelling units during the six year period of 1986- 1991 is limited to an overall reduction of 1.5 percent. In economic terms, this would have represented an expenditure of approximately $6.2 billion on sprinkler installations (1982-1991) which could have saved a maximum of25 lives from 1986 through 1991. The actual "lives saved" would most certainly have been less due to the fact that sprinkler systems are heat-activated rather than smoke-activated. Two-thirds of fire related fatalities in dwelling units are caused by cigarette igniting upholstered furniture or bedding, This slow, smoldering fire incident provides an abundant source of toxic gases without necessarily generating an abrupt increase in room temperature. Considering the fact that carbon monoxide is assimilated by the human body more than 200 times more CALIFORNIA (1986-1991): FIRE FATALITIES IN RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS* TABLE #1 Residential Fire Fatalities via "Year of Construction" FIRE FATALITIES (1986-1991) YEAR BUILT NUMBER PERCENT OF TOTAL 1987-1991 ° 0.0% 1982-1986 9 1.3% 1977-1981 16 2.3% 1972-1976 41 5.8% 1967-1971 52 7.4% 1962-1966 79 11.2% 1657-1961 80 11.3% 1952-1956 88 12.4% Pre 1952 341 48.3% Total** 706 100,0% * A "residential dwelling" as used here includes single-family dwellings (one and two family) and multi-family dwellings (units located within apartment/condominium buildings). It does not include mobile homes, hotels and dormitories. ** While a few jurisdictions had purged their files of older documents, most (88%) were still able to supply CBIA with copies ofthe fatality incident reports initially filed with the State Fire Marshal's Fire Incident Report Service (CFIRS). Of those CFIRS reports obtained, CBIA was able to document the "dwelling age" for 98% of the fatality incidents occurring between 1986-1991. () () c ':'> 0, ~ - ¡J\~ ;...¡- ~ ¿, ~ (1) ¡J> , t '" -r ('\ ('\ --...... o , J: , o l>\ I¡\. o