Written Communications (updated 02-10-20)CC 1/21/20
Oral
Communications
Written Comments
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Fryhouse <fryhouse@earthlink.net>
Sent:Wednesday, January 1, 2020 7:57 AM
To:City Council; City of Cupertino Planning Dept.; Cupertino City Manager's Office; Roger Lee; City Clerk
Subject:Public Comment response to the EPA Lehigh Consent Decree regarding air quality
Attachments:Rhoda Fry Letter to EPA about EPA Lehigh Air Consent Decree December 31 ....pdf
Please include as public comment for the next City Council Meeting
To Whom It May Concern,
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is soliciting comment for a consent decree that affects air emissions
at 11 Lehigh cement plants in eight states, including three cement plants in California. These emissions impact
respiratory and cardiovascular human health, acid rain, and global warming. This EPA Consent Decree terminates a
March 2010 Notice of Violation that alleges that Lehigh cement plants made changes to their plants without installing
appropriate pollution controls for nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). As part of the EPA’s Cement
Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative, this is the 12th settlement to address harmful air pollution from cement
manufacturing facilities since 2008. The EPA press release is here: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/settlement-
lehigh-cement-company-and-lehigh-white-cement-company-reduce-air-emissions
Please find my comments attached. I sincerely hope that you can comment as well. The 30-day comment period ends
on January 10, 2020. I suggest that you ask for an extension (see instructions below) because many organizations
that would have otherwise responded have been closed during the comment period.
Concerns Regarding all 11 Cement Plants and Specifically the Cupertino Plant
1. Proposed NOX and SO2 limits do not provide significant improvement over existing conditions.
2. NOX emissions for the Cupertino plant should be at most 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker, in parity with other
plants, rather than the proposed 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker:
a) The EPA is requiring 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker at many cement plants; the Cupertino plant is allowed
30% more at 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker.
b) The Cupertino plant is in a densely populated area that already has pollution. More must be done to protect
human health and Silicon Valley’s economic engine (a 2011 Bay Area Air Quality Management District
study determined that reducing particulate matter in Santa Clara County would save nearly $3 billion in
lifetime healthcare costs).
c) The Cupertino plant has already demonstrated emissions lower than 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker during
stack testing, so reducing NOX should be feasible.
d) The proposed 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker offers little improvement over existing conditions; Cupertino plant
recently reported annual emissions of 2.11 lbs NOX / ton of clinker.
3. SO2 emissions for the Cupertino plant should be at most 0.4 lbs SO2 / ton of clinker, in parity with other plants,
rather than the proposed 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker (per test-and-set protocol). The test-and-set protocol would
require the Cupertino plant to try to reduce emissions to no more than 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker during a
demonstration period. A ceiling of 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker is too high; it is over five times the amount
allowed at most Lehigh cement plants.
a) SO2 emissions from the Cupertino plant are a big problem for the State of California. The Cupertino plant
emits nearly 13% of all sulfur pollution in the State and is the second largest sulfur polluter among all California
industries. Additionally, SO2 emissions from the Cupertino plant account for nearly half of sulfur emissions
among the 8 cement plants in California and over half of sulfur emissions of the 11 cement plants nationwide
named in the Consent Decree. More must be done to reduce sulfur pollution at the Cupertino plant.
b) The proposed ceiling of 2.1 lbs SO2 / ton of clinker offers little improvement over existing conditions;
Cupertino plant recently reported annual emissions of 2.17 lbs NOX / ton of clinker.
4. Guidelines pertaining to detached plume events (Appendix A) are unclear and unenforceable.
2
5. The Consent Decree absolves Lehigh of a blanket of potential violations; the scope of forgiveness must be
narrowed.
6. The $120K fine for the Cupertino plant neither deters future violations nor mitigates over a decade of excess
pollution. The fine must be higher.
7. It is unacceptable to allow some pollutants to increase, leading to a different degradation in air quality, to
reduce other pollutants. For example, the proposed Cupertino Title V air permit allows a 32% increase in
ammonia, a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC), from 1,850,000 to 2,450,000 gallons per year.
8. The 30-day response period should be extended to 60 days because most organizations have been
unavailable to comment during the December 11 to January 10 response period.
Comment Instructions
Address to:
Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division
Refer to:
United States, et al. v. Lehigh Cement Company LLC and Lehigh White Cement Company, LLC, D.J. Ref. No. 90–5–
2–1– 08531/1
e-mail: pubcomment-ees.enrd@ usdoj.gov.
mail: Assistant Attorney General, U.S. DOJ— ENRD, P.O. Box 7611, Washington, D.C. 20044–7611
https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1225221/download
Regards,
Rhoda Fry, Cupertino
Page 1 of 5
December 31, 2019
Rhoda Fry
10351 San Fernando Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
fryhouse@earthlink.net
Assistant Attorney General
Environment and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice
pubcomment-ees.enrd@usdoj.gov
Mike Stoker, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9
stoker.michael@epa.gov; r9.info@epa.gov
Gautam Srinivasan, Acting Associate General Counsel, EPA Air and Radiation Law Office
srinivasan.gautam@epa.gov
Jack P. Broadbent, BAAQMD CEO, jbroadbent@baaqmd.gov
Re: United States, et al. v. Lehigh Cement Company LLC and Lehigh White Cement
Company, LLC, D.J. Ref. No. 90–5–2–1– 08531/1
Dear Assistant Attorney General,
I have resided within 2.5 miles of the Lehigh cement plant in Cupertino, California for over thirty-
five years. The limestone quarry that feeds the cement plant is also known as Lehigh Hanson,
Lehigh Southwest Cement, Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Cement, and HeidelbergCement
Group of Germany. Although I am representing my own opinions, they are likely shared by
many of my neighbors and those impacted by Lehigh cement plants nationwide.
In 2010, we became increasingly concerned about the impacts of the plant on our community
when we learned that the amount of mercury pollution had been grossly underestimated by
modeling emissions using the US average of mercury in limestone rather than by measuring the
high- mercury local limestone or by conducting on-the-fence testing. Why hadn’t mercury in the
local limestone previously been considered? After all, that limestone comes from the same
Franciscan geologic formation that created the Almaden Quicksilver mine nearby, the most
productive mercury mine in the US. The results of around 1400 pounds per year of mercury
pollution were sobering and the absence of a central stack further raised our angst.
We have also been subjected to noise, dust, shaking of our homes during blasting, suspicious
fires, unannounced experimental tire-burning, and numerous pollution incidents. The Cupertino
site has been the subject of several superfund investigations and continues to be chronically out
of compliance with the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. In 1989, the County fined the site
for improper storage and handling of hazardous materials. In April 2015, the EPA settled with
the facility for toxic discharges into Permanente Creek, which leads to the San Francisco Bay
Estuary. Later that year, in September 2015, the EPA settled with the facility for failing to
properly report releases of toxic chemicals.
Now after 10 years, the EPA is finally addressing a March 2010 Notice of Violation alleging that
Lehigh generated excess pollution by failing to install appropriate pollution controls. I am
writing you to request that the EPA demand a greater reduction in Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions from the cement plant in Cupertino, Santa Clara
County, California than those in the December 2019 Consent Decree.1 Also, since most
government offices and organizations are unavailable during a significant portion of the public
comment period, please extend the 30-day period, ending on January 10, 2020, to 60 days.
1 EPA consent decree news release www.epa.gov/newsreleases/settlement-lehigh-cement-company-
and-lehigh-white-cement-company-reduce-air-emissions
Page 2 of 5
The EPA must implement more stringent standards at the Cupertino plant (and possibly
others) to protect human health and impose higher fines to deter noncompliance.
Protecting Human Health
NOX and SO2 create acid rain and fine particulate matter which causes cardiovascular and
respiratory diseases and premature death. Particulate matter is a contributing factor to asthma,
which affects 257,000 children and adults in Santa Clara County.2 Additionally, the County could
save nearly $3 billion in health-care costs by reducing particulate matter pollution, according to
a 2011 study by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD).3
The Cupertino cement plant is not only the biggest polluter in the densely-populated Silicon
Valley, but also a major polluter in the State of California. The Cupertino plant is the second
highest sulfur polluter in the California. In 2017, it emitted 1393 tons of SO2 accounting for
12.7% of the state’s industrial sulfur pollution4 and 55% of SO2 from the 11 Lehigh cement
plants named in the consent decree.
Another measure of Lehigh Cupertino’s impact on air quality is that it is third highest payer of
non-vehicular source fees ($756K) to the California Air Resources Board (CARB).5 Since Lehigh
has already nearly demonstrated the EPA proposed limits and existing pollution is detrimental to
human health, the EPA must impose more stringent pollution limits and/or production limits to
protect Silicon Valley’s residents and its economic engine.
Imposing Higher Fines
The proposed $120K BAAQMD fine is insufficient to discourage future offenses or mitigate
damages. The Cupertino plant has been continuously out of compliance with the Clean Air Act
and the Clean Water Act. Likewise, as measured by the U.S. Department of Labor Mining
Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposed labor-safety fines, the Cupertino plant is the
most unsafe of the 8 cement plants in California. The fines for excess pollution and flouting EPA
regulations must be higher.
The Cupertino cement plant must be held to standards that are at least as stringent as
those proposed for other Lehigh cement plants named in the Consent Decree. This
request is also consistent with the most restrictive limits set by the EPA in eleven other
Cement Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative settlements since 2008.6
Table 1: Proposed and Requested NOX and SO2 Emission Rates
Pollutant EPA Proposed Requested
NOX lbs /ton of clinker1 2.0 1.5
SO2 lbs /ton of clinker 2.12 0.4
1. Clinker, a precursor to cement, measures production levels
2. 2.1 lbs or lower per Consent Decree Test-and-Set Protocol
2 2016 Santa Clara County asthma data
www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/EHIB/CPE/CDPH%20Document%20Library/County%20p
rofiles/Santa%20Clara%202016%20profile.pdf
3 BAAQMD. “Health Impact Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter in the San Francisco Bay Area.”
September 2011, p 7,
www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Research%20and%20Modeling/Cost%2
0analysis%20of%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20in%20the%20Bay%20Area.ashx
4 CARB Mapping tool ww3.arb.ca.gov/ei/tools/pollution_map/
5 Nonvehicular Source Fees ww3.arb.ca.gov/ei/nscpac_fees/nscpac_fees.htm
6 EPA Cement Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative www.epa.gov/enforcement/cement-manufacturing-
enforcement-initiative#lawsuits
Page 3 of 5
The proposed limits for Cupertino offer minimal improvement over existing emissions
and stack-testing levels as shown in the tables below. Please also consider reducing
production levels to reduce pollution.
Table 2: Cupertino Emission Rates Compared with Proposed and Requested Rules
Cupertino Plant 2017 Emissions 2016 Emissions Proposed Rule Requested Rule
Production tons1 1100000 1200000
NOX total tons2 1208 1268
NOX total lbs 2416000 2536000
NOX lbs /ton of clinker 2.20 2.11 2.0 1.5
SO2 total tons2 1393 1300
SO2 total lbs 2786000 2600000
SO2 lbs /ton of clinker 2.53 2.17 2.13 0.4
1. Email from BAAQMD 2. CARB mapping tool 3. Max after Test-and-Set Protocol
Nitrogen Oxides - NOX
The proposed EPA rule is 2.0 lbs NOX /ton of clinker. The current BAAQMD rule is 2.3 lbs NOX
ton of clinker. 2016 actual emissions were 2.11 lbs NOX /ton of clinker, which is within 5% of the
current EPA proposal; 2017 emissions were slightly higher. As shown in the table below, the
Cupertino plant has demonstrated during multiple stack tests obtained from BAAQMD that it can
achieve below 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker. Please require 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker or less in
line with other plants.
Table 3: Cupertino NOX Stack Test Results Demonstrate Requested Emission Rates
NOX lbs /ton of clinker Test Report Number Stack Test Dates
average 1.3 16124 1/12/16 to 1/14/16
average 1.4 16146 01/12/16 thru 01/14/16
average 1.8 17179 6/28/17 & 6/29/17
average 1.6 17181 06/28/17 thru 6/30/17
Sulfur Dioxide - SO2
The proposed EPA rule is 2.1 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker (maximum per test-and-set protocol). The
current BAAQMD rule is 481 lbs / hour, which pencils out to 3.8 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker
according to BAAQMD); this is an artificially high limit. As shown in the table at the top of this
page, Lehigh achieved 2.17 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker in 2016, which is within 4% of the current
EPA proposal; 2017 emissions were slightly higher. Even if SO2 emissions were cut by nearly
60%, the plant would remain in the top three sulfur polluters in California and the top sulfur
polluter among Lehigh’s cement plants. Please require 0.4 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker or less in
line with other cement plants.
The population density within 3 miles of the cement plants named in the settlement,
current NOX and SO2 emissions, and proposed limits, as shown the table on the following
page, demonstrate that the EPA is not doing enough for the residents of Santa Clara
County. The Cupertino plant is very close to a densely-populated area and emits high levels of
NOX and SO2. Cupertino’s staggering SO2 emissions account for 12.7% of the State of
California’s industrial sulfur pollution and 55% of 11 Lehigh plants named in the consent decree.
Again, please require 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker and 0.4 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker or less for
Cupertino, in line with other cement plants.
Page 4 of 5
This table lists 2017 NOX and SO2 emissions, proposed emission rates per ton of clinker, and
population within 3 miles of the 11 Lehigh cement plants named in the Consent Decree in order
of the three cement plants in California, followed by 7 other plants in alphabetic order by State.
Table 4: Population and Emission Data for Lehigh Plants and Proposed Emission Rates
Reference
Plant Name
Population
within 3 miles2
2017
NOX lbs
2017
SO2 lbs
Proposed
NOX lbs /ton
Proposed
SO2 lbs /ton
Cupertino, CA 49,976 2,415,340 2,785,782 2.0 2.13
Redding, CA 1,372 1,206,160 16,540 1.9 0.4
Tehachapi, CA 382 30,340 420 1.5 0.4
Leeds, AL 12,671 3,505,580 147,860 2.5 0.4
Mitchell, IN1 6,113 3,694,589 1,080,841 1.5 0.4
Mason City, IA 19,803 2,032,200 424,484 1.5 0.8
Union Bridge, MD 3,392 5,120,250 7,900 2.1 0.4
Glens Falls, NY 40,547 1,465,421 68,673 2.5 0.4
Evansville, PA 10,827 1,658,060 460,599 3.0 0.6
York, PA 65,046 249,000 400 3.8 2.8
Waco, TX 24,052 855,416 55,994 8.2 7.5
1. Only new kiln limit listed 2. Data from EPA ECHO 3. Max after Test-and-Set Protocol
Additional Requests and Concerns
1. Please add a requirement that Lehigh may not promote physical or operational changes to
their plants as a result of this agreement without also stating that these changes have been
made pursuant to this Consent Decree. Lehigh must not benefit from being out of compliance
with the Clean Air Act for at least 10 years. For example, the EPA included a similar
requirement in a 2015 Consent Agreement and Final Order with Lehigh Cupertino Docket No.
EPCRA-09-2015-0002 as follows: 41. Any public statement, oral or written, in print, film, or
other media, made by Respondent making reference to either of the SEPs under this CAFO
shall include the following language: "This project was undertaken as part of a settlement of
an enforcement action taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 313
of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act."
2. Please change to Appendix C page 1 II, 1. “without violating any local, state and/or federal
limits for other pollutants” to “without incurring any other degradation in air quality and/or
violating any local, state and/or federal limits for other pollutants”
a) We are concerned by the recent addition and anticipated increase of ammonia to reduce
NOX emissions to Cupertino’s proposed Title V Permit. The facility should reduce NOX without
introducing other reductions in air quality. Perhaps reducing production should be considered.
For example, Lehigh requested an ammonia hydroxide increase from 1,850,000 to 2,450,000
gallons per year, which results in an increase from 310 to 410 trucks per year.7 This strategy
adds more ammonia, a toxic Air Contaminant (TAC), into our air along with pollution from 100
more trucks per year.
b) Another concern is adding to the Cupertino lime injection system which might also
generate more truck trips. The lime injection system is not failsafe; in 2019, the Cupertino lime
injection system failed multiple times, sending clouds of white fog over the mountain.
3. The zip code for Lehigh Cupertino should probably be 95014, not 95015.
4. How can detached plume events be monitored at night?
5. Can continuous video monitoring for the detached plume and other pollution be required?
7 BAAQMD Title V permit responses www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/engineering/title-v-
permits/a0017/a0017_11_2019_publiccom_04lehigh_responses_2ndpn_04-pdf.pdf?la=en
Page 5 of 5
6. Detached plumes contain harmful particulate matter. The Consent Decree allows NOx to be
negotiated up per Appendix A 4-viii. To protect human health, neither a detached plume nor
NOx (or other pollutant) excesses beyond the original agreed amounts should be allowed.
7. The rules in Appendix A are extremely vague and need to be re-written. For example, how
long is an event? Can there be multiple events in one day? If the operator does nothing, does
that mean that there was no event? As written, Appendix A appears to be unenforceable.
8. Item #92 “Consent Decree shall resolve all civil liability … prior to the Date of Lodging of the
Consent Decree” should be changed to “Consent Decree shall resolve all civil liability … prior to
the Date of Lodging of the 2010 Notice of Violation.” Just because it took the EPA 10 years to
resolve the NOV, Lehigh must not be absolved of additional wrongdoing since then.
9. Why are sulfur emissions so high in Cupertino? Which source materials make sulfur
emissions so much higher than other cement plants in California and the U.S.?
10. BAAQMD has consistently ignored pollution from explosives and blasting. Given that Lehigh
intends to increase blasting at the surface to 1100 tons of explosives annually,8 please
intervene.
11. While we are grateful that the EPA is taking action, it is shameful that neighbors of Lehigh’s
plants have been needlessly exposed to excess pollution for at least 10 years. The
importance of reducing air pollution must not be underestimated. Commenting on a similar
settlement in 2016, Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden for the Justice Department’s
Environment and Natural Resources Division said, “The cement sector is a significant source
of air pollution posing real health risks to the communities where they reside, including
vulnerable communities across the U.S. who deserve better air quality than they have gotten
over the years. This agreement will require CEMEX to pay a penalty and install important
pollution controls to achieve reductions in harmful air emissions, thereby making CEMEX a
better neighbor to local residents.” 9
12. The Cupertino cement plant air emissions are extraordinarily high in sulfur (hydrochloric acid,
VOCs, and more). Air, water and workers are exposed to industrial and naturally-occurring
contaminants detected at elevated levels in soils and cement kiln dust: arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, PCBs, and selenium.10 At what point will the regulatory
agencies determine that this site is neither suitable for mining nor for cement production?
13. It is unfortunate that Consent Decree only measures pollution per ton of clinker rather than
also considering the human impact on a per-person or total pollution basis.
Thank you for the opportunity to submit these comments. I hope that the EPA and the Bay Area
Air Quality Management District can find ways to implement these recommendations that will
improve the health of residents, reduce health-care costs thereby igniting Silicon Valley’s
economic engine, invest in greener pollution controls, and reduce local contributions to global
climate change. Finally, please also consider these comments as they applicable to the other
cement plants named in the Consent Decree.
Sincerely,
Rhoda Fry, Cupertino, California
cc: government and environmental organizations
8 Permanente Quarry Application Package Binder 2 of 2, May 2019, Page 4-8
www.sccgov.org/sites/dpd/DocsForms/Documents/2250_2019RPA_ProjectDescription_EnvironmentalInf
o.pdf
9 2016 EPA CEMEX news release www.epa.gov/enforcement/reference-news-release-cement-
manufacturer-cemex-reduce-harmful-air-pollution-five
10 Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District appeal letter to the County 2012 and EPA site assessment.
pdf pages 6 and 45
www.sccgov.org/sites/dpd/DocsForms/Documents/Lehigh_BOS_20120626_Appeal_MROSD.pdf
Cupertino Chamber of Commerce &
Asian American Business Council
Invites you
Luncheon
2020
Celebrating the Year of the Rat
February 7, 2020 • 11:30 AM -1:30 PM
Cupertino Room -Quinlan Community Center
Celebrating our 2020
15~ !7b»allcfeeS
Bridge Award Business
Meriwest Credit Union
Bridge Award Individual
Colean Tang
CUPERTINO
EDUCATION F A I R
February 1st
For more information visit: cupertino -chamber.org
f W @) in @CupChamber
CC 1/21/20
Study Session
Item #2 Report on
Homelessness
Written
Communications
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Connie Cunningham <cunninghamconniel@gmail.com>
Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 4:24 PM
To:Rod Sinks; Steven Scharf; Jon Robert Willey; Darcy Paul; Liang Chao
Subject:Homelessness Study Session, January 21, 2020
Homelessness Study Session
Cupertino City Council
January 21,2020
Dear Mayor,Vice Mayor and Councilmembers,
Education is the bedrock of a democratic society.It has been the beating heart of Cupertino since I moved here.I value
education.So do all my neighbors.
It is in everyone’s best interests to ensure that all children and young people receive a good education.educated people
contribute to our community in so many ways:working,leading full lives,raising strong families,caring for the
environment and ensuring our government works well.
Blocks to education defeat these goals.As we will hear this evening,many De Anza students face housing insecurity.
That is a huge block.These students may never reach their dreams or our goals for them.By failing them,we fail
ourselves,too.
On a more personal level,I simply cannot imagine trying to keep up my studies while worrying about where I was going
to sleep.Although my family was working poor,California was good to its students.When I went to college,I always
lived the full school year in a dorm room or shared an apartment.I lived home with my family during the summer while I
worked.The school year dorm or apartment could be paid for with one job,a waitressing job,for the summer.
Today,a summer job does not take care of housing.Not even close.
I am heartened to see this Staff Report outline ways that our community can take steps to ensure that students have a
place to live while they work and study.We value education.Let us step up and make students’experiences here in
Cupertino among their best memories.
Sincerely,
Connie Cunningham
Watch out for typos;Siri might be on duty.
CC 1/21/20
Item #9 Legislative
Platform
Written
Communications
13. Support transportation legislation that would provide direct tangible benefits to
Cupertino and the surrounding region, including:
a.reinforcing the importance of creating new transit on SR85 as well as I-280 that bring
people to the jobs-rich cities to the north and west of San Jose.
b.Support the preservation of 2016 Measure B funds of $350 million, that are dedicated to
transit on SR85.
c.supporting funding of new transportation measures in an equitable manner.
CC 1/21/20 #9 Cm. Sinks Written Comments
CC 1/21/20
Item #10 Green
Building Standards
Codes
Written
Communications
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Adam Horn <ahorn@nalobby.net>
Sent:Thursday, January 16, 2020 2:40 PM
To:City Clerk; Grace Schmidt, MMC; Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Rod Sinks; Liang Chao; Jon Robert Willey
Cc:Kirsten Squarcia
Subject:Opposition to Reach Code adoption
Attachments:Opposition to Reach Code_City of Cupertino_1-16-2020.pdf
Please find attached a letter of opposition,on behalf of the California Pool and Spa Association,to the adoption to the 2019
California Energy Green Building Standards Code Reach Codes)to be considered by the City Council on January 21,2020.
Please let me know if there are any questions.
Thank you,
Adam Horn
Legislative Coordinator
915 L Street,Suite 1100
Sacramento,CA 95814
916 447 5053
916 516 2400 c)
ahorn@nalobby.net
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To reply to our E-mail Administrator directly, please call (916) 447-5053 and delete this email.
915 L Street · Suite 1100 · Sacramento · CA · 95814
916.447.5053
January 16, 2020
City Manager Deborah Feng
City of Cupertino
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014-3366
RE: Opposition to All-Electric Reach Code
Dear City Manager Feng:
I am submitting these comments in opposition to local adoption to the 2019 California Energy &
Green Building Standards Code (Reach Codes) to be considered by the City Council on second
reading set for January 21, 2020.
My name is John A. Norwood. I am the Chief of Government Relations for the California Pool
Spa Association (CPSA). CPSA is a statewide trade association that represents all segments of
the swimming pool and hot tub industry in California. This includes manufacturers of equipment
to operate swimming pools, hot tubs, ancillary equipment, testing and safety products, outdoor
kitchens and recreation areas, swimming pool and spa builders, subcontractors, and the
swimming pool maintenance and service industry.
The swimming pool and hot tub industry is an exceptional contributor to the California economy.
In 2014, PK Data, Inc. opined that the swimming pool & spa industry contributed roughly $5
billion annually to the California economy. This number did not include costs associated with the
pool remodeling industry or the hot tub industry. In fact, California is the biggest market in the
world for swimming pools and hot tubs. Moreover, the industry provides good-paying jobs in
communities throughout California, supports numerous individuals and firms that are in the
construction subcontracting business, and employs tens of thousands of people in the pool and
hot tub maintenance and service business. Swimming pool contractors purchase their
construction materials, i.e., steel, cement, tile, sand, lumber, electrical, plumbing, and drainage
materials locally, thus supporting other local businesses. The economic effect of this industry is
multiplied by the demand for pool/hot tub chemicals, toys, backyard furniture, barbeques,
outdoor kitchens, fire pits, fireplaces, and lighting desired by both commercial and residential
owners of swimming pools and hot tubs.
The “California Dream,” so to speak, is still a home in the suburbs with a big backyard and a
swimming pool. This fact is supported by the last five years of record-breaking pool construction
since the nation emerged from the 2009 economic meltdown. This trend is destined to continue
as in numerous areas of the state, 50% of new home buyers are millennials, many of which
desire a home with a backyard swimming pool, hot tub, or exercise pool.
The goal of eliminating the use of natural gas in California, providing incentives for home
builders to construct new housing tracts without natural gas lines or hookups, or otherwise
phasing out the use of natural gas, will undermine the swimming pool and hot tub business in
915 L Street · Suite 1100 · Sacramento · CA · 95814
916.447.5053
California, resulting in a significant economic blow to the state, as well as depriving millions of
Californians of a backyard place for staycations that they so desire.
In the swimming pool and spa industry, pool heaters, fire pits, fireplaces, decorative fire features,
pizza ovens, barbeques, outdoor ranges, and outdoor space heating all operate on natural gas.
Together these elements produce spaces in backyards that provide families a place for recreation,
exercise, entertainment, and relaxation. The pool and spa industry do utilize solar heating and
electric heating where possible, especially for hot tubs, but there are no current alternatives to
heating swimming pools in numerous commercial settings, in coastal and mountain residential
areas of the state, or at night for homeowners. The same is true for outdoor kitchens and
recreational areas relative to fire pits, fireplaces, outdoor space heating, and outdoor cooking
equipment.
In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, one of California’s major goals in this
proceeding is to improve energy and housing affordability. We do not believe the elimination of
natural gas in California will accomplish either. Energy costs in California are extremely high as
compared to other Western states. The cost of electricity from both traditional and renewable
sources is significantly higher than natural gas and not as efficient. As such, even if there were
practical alternatives to natural gas for the equipment installed by the swimming pool and hot tub
industry, a change would result in a higher-priced and less efficient product, thus making it more
difficult for homeowners, schools, recreational and commercial facilities to be able to afford it.
Swimming pools and hot tubs use only an estimated 4% of the natural gas demand in California.
This industry should not be the target of these efforts and could be exempted from efforts to
reduce the carbon footprint from the way we heat residential building and water systems.
However, without natural gas hookups in new residential and commercial construction, citizens
of this state that reside in these areas will be deprived of all the benefits associated with access to
swimming pools and hot tubs.
For all of the above reasons, we would urge the council to reconsider action on this proposed
ordinance.
Sincerely,
JOHN A. NORWOOD
Norwood Associates, LLC
916-447-5053
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Bruce Naegel <bnaegel@sustainablesv.org>
Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 12:55 PM
To:Steven Scharf; Rod Sinks; Liang Chao; Jon Robert Willey; Darcy Paul
Subject:Please pass the REACH code ordinance tonight.
Dear Mayor Scharf,Vice Mayor Paul Council Member Chao,Council Member Sinks and Council Member Willey,
Thanks to the Cupertino Council for voting Yes at the First Reading for the REACH code for all electric buildings.You are keeping
Cupertino in the front of sustainability issues in Santa Clara County.Thanks to the work of Cupertino in the past,Silicon Valley
Clean Energy is a reality.
Please complete the work with a Yes vote at the Second Reading.The youth
will know that you helped move the earth to a place where they have
a planet they can inhabit.
Thanks again.
Bruce Naegel
Metrics and Research Director
Sustainable Silicon Valley
Tohelpprotectyourprivacy, MicrosoftOfficepreventedautomaticdownloadofthispicturefromtheInternet.
650 996 5793 Mobile
bnaegel@sustainablesv.org
Tohelpprotectyourprivacy, MicrosoftOfficepreventedautomaticdownloadofthispicturefromtheInternet.
CC 1/21/20
Item #12 De Anza
Hotel
Written
Communications
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Paige Fennie <paige@lozeaudrury.com>
Sent:Monday, January 20, 2020 9:55 AM
To:City Council; City Clerk; Gian Martire
Cc:Michael Lozeau; Hannah Hughes
Subject:De Anza Hotel Project MND Comment
Attachments:2020.01.20 LIUNA De Anza Hotel MND Comment Letter.pdf
Dear Mayor Scharf,Honorable City Council Members,Ms.Schmidt and Mr.Martire,
Please find attached a comment submitted on behalf of Laborers International Union of North America,Local Union No.270
LIUNA)regarding the De Anza Hotel Project MND.
If you could please confirm receipt of the comment,it would be appreciated.
Thank you,
Paige Fennie
Legal Fellow
Lozeau Drury LLP
1939 Harrison Street,Suite 150
Oakland,California 94612
510)836 4200
510)836 4205 fax)
paige@lozeaudrury.com
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
1448 Pine Street, Suite 103 San Francisco, California 94109
Telephone: (415) 567-7700
E-mail: offermann@IEE-SF.com
http://www.iee-sf.com
Date: January 16, 2020
To: Michael Lozeau
Lozeau | Drury LLP
1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150
Oakland, California 94612
From: Francis J. Offermann PE CIH
Subject: Indoor Air Quality: De Anza Hotel – Cupertino, CA
IEE File Reference: P-4327)
Pages: 15
Indoor Air Quality Impacts
Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly impacts the comfort and health of building occupants,
and the achievement of acceptable IAQ in newly constructed and renovated buildings is a
well-recognized design objective. For example, IAQ is addressed by major high-
performance building rating systems and building codes (California Building Standards
Commission, 2014; USGBC, 2014). Indoor air quality in homes is particularly important
because occupants, on average, spend approximately ninety percent of their time indoors
with the majority of this time spent at home (EPA, 2011). Some segments of the
population that are most susceptible to the effects of poor IAQ, such as the very young
and the elderly, occupy their homes almost continuously. Additionally, an increasing
number of adults are working from home at least some of the time during the workweek.
Indoor air quality also is a serious concern for workers in hotels, offices and other
business establishments.
The concentrations of many air pollutants often are elevated in homes and other buildings
relative to outdoor air because many of the materials and products used indoors contain
2
and release a variety of pollutants to air (Hodgson et al., 2002; Offermann and Hodgson,
2011). With respect to indoor air contaminants for which inhalation is the primary route
of exposure, the critical design and construction parameters are the provision of adequate
ventilation and the reduction of indoor sources of the contaminants.
Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrations Impact. In the California New Home Study (CNHS)
of 108 new homes in California (Offermann, 2009), 25 air contaminants were measured,
and formaldehyde was identified as the indoor air contaminant with the highest cancer risk
as determined by the California Proposition 65 Safe Harbor Levels (OEHHA, 2017a), No
Significant Risk Levels (NSRL) for carcinogens. The NSRL is the daily intake level
calculated to result in one excess case of cancer in an exposed population of 100,000 (i.e.,
ten in one million cancer risk) and for formaldehyde is 40 g/day. The NSRL
concentration of formaldehyde that represents a daily dose of 40 g is 2 g/m3, assuming
a continuous 24-hour exposure, a total daily inhaled air volume of 20 m3, and 100%
absorption by the respiratory system. All of the CNHS homes exceeded this NSRL
concentration of 2 g/m3. The median indoor formaldehyde concentration was 36 g/m3,
and ranged from 4.8 to 136 g/m3, which corresponds to a median exceedance of the 2
g/m3 NSRL concentration of 18 and a range of 2.3 to 68.
Therefore, the cancer risk of a resident living in a California home with the median indoor
formaldehyde concentration of 36 g/m3, is 180 per million as a result of formaldehyde
alone. The CEQA significance threshold for airborne cancer risk is 10 per million, as
established by the Bay Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD, 2017).
Besides being a human carcinogen, formaldehyde is also a potent eye and respiratory
irritant. In the CNHS, many homes exceeded the non-cancer reference exposure levels
RELs) prescribed by California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
OEHHA, 2017b). The percentage of homes exceeding the RELs ranged from 98% for the
Chronic REL of 9 g/m3 to 28% for the Acute REL of 55 g/m3.
The primary source of formaldehyde indoors is composite wood products manufactured
with urea-formaldehyde resins, such as plywood, medium density fiberboard, and
3
particleboard. These materials are commonly used in building construction for flooring,
cabinetry, baseboards, window shades, interior doors, and window and door trims.
In January 2009, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted an airborne toxics
control measure (ATCM) to reduce formaldehyde emissions from composite wood
products, including hardwood plywood, particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and
also furniture and other finished products made with these wood products (California Air
Resources Board 2009). While this formaldehyde ATCM has resulted in reduced
emissions from composite wood products sold in California, they do not preclude that
homes built with composite wood products meeting the CARB ATCM will have indoor
formaldehyde concentrations that are below cancer and non-cancer exposure guidelines.
A follow up study to the California New Home Study (CNHS) was conducted in 2016-
2018 (Chan et. al., 2019), and found that the median indoor formaldehyde in new homes
built after 2009 with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials had lower indoor
formaldehyde concentrations, with a median indoor concentrations of 22.4 g/m3 (18.2
ppb) as compared to a median of 36 g/m3 found in the 2007 CNHS.
Thus, while new homes built after the 2009 CARB formaldehyde ATCM have a 38%
lower median indoor formaldehyde concentration and cancer risk, the median lifetime
cancer risk is still 112 per million for homes built with CARB compliant composite wood
products, which is more than 11 times the OEHHA 10 in a million cancer risk threshold
OEHHA, 2017a).
With respect to this project, the buildings in the De Anza Hotel Project in Cupertino, CA
consist of a hotel.
The employees of the hotel are expected to experience significant indoor exposures (e.g.,
40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). These exposures for employees are anticipated to
result in significant cancer risks resulting from exposures to formaldehyde released by the
building materials and furnishing commonly found in offices, warehouses, residences and
hotels.
4
Because the hotel will be constructed with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM
materials, and be ventilated with the minimum code required amount of outdoor air, the
indoor formaldehyde concentrations are likely similar to those concentrations observed in
residences built with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials, which is a median
of 22.4 g/m3 (Chan et. al., 2019)
Assuming that the hotel employees work 8 hours per day and inhale 20 m3 of air per day,
the formaldehyde dose per work-day at the offices is 149 g/day.
Assuming that these employees work 5 days per week and 50 weeks per year for 45 years
start at age 20 and retire at age 65) the average 70-year lifetime formaldehyde daily dose
is 65.8 g/day.
This is 1.64 times the NSRL (OEHHA, 2017a) of 40 g/day and represents a cancer risk
of 16.4 per million, which exceeds the CEQA cancer risk of 10 per million. This impact
should be analyzed in an environmental impact report (“EIR”), and the agency should
impose all feasible mitigation measures to reduce this impact. Several feasible mitigation
measures are discussed below and these and other measures should be analyzed in an
EIR.
While measurements of the indoor concentrations of formaldehyde in residences built
with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials (Chan et. al., 2018), indicate that
indoor formaldehyde concentrations in buildings built with similar materials (e.g. hotels,
residences, offices, warehouses, schools) will pose cancer risks in excess of the CEQA
cancer risk of 10 per million, a determination of the cancer risk that is specific to this
project and the materials used to construct these buildings can and should be conducted
prior to completion of the environmental review.
The following describes a method that should be used prior to construction in the
environmental review under CEQA, for determining whether the indoor concentrations
resulting from the formaldehyde emissions of the specific building materials/furnishings
5
selected for the building exceed cancer and non-cancer guidelines. Such a design
analyses can be used to identify those materials/furnishings prior to the completion of the
City’s CEQA review and project approval, that have formaldehyde emission rates that
contribute to indoor concentrations that exceed cancer and non-cancer guidelines, so that
alternative lower emitting materials/furnishings may be selected and/or higher minimum
outdoor air ventilation rates can be increased to achieve acceptable indoor concentrations
and incorporated as mitigation measures for this project.
Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment.
This formaldehyde emissions assessment should be used in the environmental review
under CEQA to assess the indoor formaldehyde concentrations from the proposed
loading of building materials/furnishings, the area-specific formaldehyde emission rate
data for building materials/furnishings, and the design minimum outdoor air ventilation
rates. This assessment allows the applicant (and the City) to determine before the
conclusion of the environmental review process and the building materials/furnishings
are specified, purchased, and installed if the total chemical emissions will exceed cancer
and non-cancer guidelines, and if so, allow for changes in the selection of specific
material/furnishings and/or the design minimum outdoor air ventilations rates such that
cancer and non-cancer guidelines are not exceeded.
1.) Define Indoor Air Quality Zones. Divide the building into separate indoor air quality
zones, (IAQ Zones). IAQ Zones are defined as areas of well-mixed air. Thus, each
ventilation system with recirculating air is considered a single zone, and each room or
group of rooms where air is not recirculated (e.g. 100% outdoor air) is considered a
separate zone. For IAQ Zones with the same construction material/furnishings and design
minimum outdoor air ventilation rates. (e.g. hotel rooms, apartments, condominiums,
etc.) the formaldehyde emission rates need only be assessed for a single IAQ Zone of that
type.
2.) Calculate Material/Furnishing Loading. For each IAQ Zone, determine the building
material and furnishing loadings (e.g., m2 of material/m2 floor area, units of
furnishings/m2 floor area) from an inventory of all potential indoor formaldehyde
6
sources, including flooring, ceiling tiles, furnishings, finishes, insulation, sealants,
adhesives, and any products constructed with composite wood products containing urea-
formaldehyde resins (e.g., plywood, medium density fiberboard, particleboard).
3.) Calculate the Formaldehyde Emission Rate. For each building material, calculate the
formaldehyde emission rate (g/h) from the product of the area-specific formaldehyde
emission rate (g/m2-h) and the area (m2) of material in the IAQ Zone, and from each
furnishing (e.g. chairs, desks, etc.) from the unit-specific formaldehyde emission rate
g/unit-h) and the number of units in the IAQ Zone.
NOTE: As a result of the high-performance building rating systems and building codes
California Building Standards Commission, 2014; USGBC, 2014), most manufacturers
of building materials furnishings sold in the United States conduct chemical emission rate
tests using the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and
Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using
Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017), or other equivalent chemical emission rate
testing methods. Most manufacturers of building furnishings sold in the United States
conduct chemical emission rate tests using ANSI/BIFMA M7.1 Standard Test Method for
Determining VOC Emissions (BIFMA, 2018), or other equivalent chemical emission rate
testing methods.
CDPH, BIFMA, and other chemical emission rate testing programs, typically certify that
a material or furnishing does not create indoor chemical concentrations in excess of the
maximum concentrations permitted by their certification. For instance, the CDPH
emission rate testing requires that the measured emission rates when input into an office,
school, or residential model do not exceed one-half of the OEHHA Chronic Exposure
Guidelines (OEHHA, 2017b) for the 35 specific VOCs, including formaldehyde, listed in
Table 4-1 of the CDPH test method (CDPH, 2017). These certifications themselves do
not provide the actual area-specific formaldehyde emission rate (i.e., g/m2-h) of the
product, but rather provide data that the formaldehyde emission rates do not exceed the
maximum rate allowed for the certification. Thus for example, the data for a certification
of a specific type of flooring may be used to calculate that the area-specific emission rate
of formaldehyde is less than 31 g/m2-h, but not the actual measured specific emission
7
rate, which may be 3, 18, or 30 g/m2-h. These area-specific emission rates determined
from the product certifications of CDPH, BIFA, and other certification programs can be
used as an initial estimate of the formaldehyde emission rate.
If the actual area-specific emission rates of a building material or furnishing is needed
i.e. the initial emission rates estimates from the product certifications are higher than
desired), then that data can be acquired by requesting from the manufacturer the complete
chemical emission rate test report. For instance if the complete CDPH emission test
report is requested for a CDHP certified product, that report will provide the actual area-
specific emission rates for not only the 35 specific VOCs, including formaldehyde, listed
in Table 4-1 of the CDPH test method (CDPH, 2017), but also all of the cancer and
reproductive/developmental chemicals listed in the California Proposition 65 Safe Harbor
Levels (OEHHA, 2017a), all of the toxic air contaminants (TACs) in the California Air
Resources Board Toxic Air Contamination List (CARB, 2011), and the 10 chemicals
with the greatest emission rates.
Alternatively, a sample of the building material or furnishing can be submitted to a
chemical emission rate testing laboratory, such as Berkeley Analytical Laboratory
https://berkeleyanalytical.com), to measure the formaldehyde emission rate.
4.) Calculate the Total Formaldeh yde Emission Rate. For each IAQ Zone, calculate the
total formaldehyde emission rate (i.e. g/h) from the individual formaldehyde emission
rates from each of the building material/furnishings as determined in Step 3.
5.) Calculate the Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration. For each IAQ Zone, calculate the
indoor formaldehyde concentration (g/m3) from Equation 1 by dividing the total
formaldehyde emission rates (i.e. g/h) as determined in Step 4, by the design minimum
outdoor air ventilation rate (m3/h) for the IAQ Zone.
Equation
1)
where: Cin =
indoor
formaldehyde concentration (g/m3)
8
Etotal = total formaldehyde emission rate (g/h) into the IAQ Zone.
Qoa = design minimum outdoor air ventilation rate to the IAQ Zone (m3/h)
The above Equation 1 is based upon mass balance theory, and is referenced in Section
3.10.2 “Calculation of Estimated Building Concentrations” of the California Department
of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical
Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017).
6.) Calculate the Indoor Exposure Cancer and Non-Cancer Health Risks. For each IAQ
Zone, calculate the cancer and non-cancer health risks from the indoor formaldehyde
concentrations determined in Step 5 and as described in the OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots
Program Risk Assessment Guidelines; Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk
Assessments (OEHHA, 2015).
7.) Mitigate Indoor Formaldehyde Exposures of exceeding the CEQA Cancer and/or
Non-Cancer Health Risks. In each IAQ Zone, provide mitigation for any formaldehyde
exposure risk as determined in Step 6, that exceeds the CEQA cancer risk of 10 per
million or the CEQA non-cancer Hazard Quotient of 1.0.
Provide the source and/or ventilation mitigation required in all IAQ Zones to reduce the
health risks of the chemical exposures below the CEQA cancer and non-cancer health
risks.
Source mitigation for formaldehyde may include:
1.) reducing the amount materials and/or furnishings that emit formaldehyde
2.) substituting a different material with a lower area-specific emission rate of
formaldehyde
Ventilation mitigation for formaldehyde emitted from building materials and/or
furnishings may include:
1.) increasing the design minimum outdoor air ventilation rate to the IAQ Zone.
NOTE: Mitigating the formaldehyde emissions through use of less material/furnishings,
9
or use of lower emitting materials/furnishings, is the preferred mitigation option, as
mitigation with increased outdoor air ventilation increases initial and operating costs
associated with the heating/cooling systems.
Further, we are not asking that the builder to “speculate” on what and how much composite
materials be used, but rather at the design stage to select composite wood materials based on
the formaldehyde emission rates that manufacturers routinely conduct using the California
Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile
Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”,
CDPH, 2017), and use the procedure described earlier (i.e. Pre-Construction Building
Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment) to insure that the materials
selected achieve acceptable cancer risks from material off gassing of formaldehyde.
Outdoor Air Ventilation Impact. Another important finding of the CNHS, was that the
outdoor air ventilation rates in the homes were very low. Outdoor air ventilation is a very
important factor influencing the indoor concentrations of air contaminants, as it is the
primary removal mechanism of all indoor air generated air contaminants. Lower outdoor
air exchange rates cause indoor generated air contaminants to accumulate to higher indoor
air concentrations. Many homeowners rarely open their windows or doors for ventilation
as a result of their concerns for security/safety, noise, dust, and odor concerns (Price,
2007). In the CNHS field study, 32% of the homes did not use their windows during the
24-hour Test Day, and 15% of the homes did not use their windows during the entire
preceding week. Most of the homes with no window usage were homes in the winter field
session. Thus, a substantial percentage of homeowners never open their windows,
especially in the winter season. The median 24-hour measurement was 0.26 ach, with a
range of 0.09 ach to 5.3 ach. A total of 67% of the homes had outdoor air exchange rates
below the minimum California Building Code (2001) requirement of 0.35 ach. Thus, the
relatively tight envelope construction, combined with the fact that many people never
open their windows for ventilation, results in homes with low outdoor air exchange rates
and higher indoor air contaminant concentrations.
10
The De Anza Hotel Project – Cupertino CA is close to roads with moderate to high traffic
e.g. I-280, Homestead Road, Sunnyvale-Saratoga Road, etc.). As a result of the outdoor
vehicle traffic noise, the Project site is likely to be a sound impacted site. The noise
analyses provided in the Public Review Draft Initial Study (Placeworks, 2019), does not
report the existing plus project noise levels (e.g. CNEL, Ldn), rather this report simply
reports what the increase in the existing noise levels caused by the Project.
As a result of the high outdoor noise levels, the current project will require the need for
mechanical supply of outdoor air ventilation air to allow for a habitable interior
environment with closed windows and doors. Such a ventilation s ystem would allow
windows and doors to be kept closed at the occupant’s discretion to control exterior noise
within building interiors.
PM2.5 Outdoor Concentrations Impact. An additional impact of the nearby motor vehicle
traffic associated with this project, are the outdoor concentrations of PM2.5. According to
the Public Review Draft Initial Study (Placeworks, 2019), this Project is located in the San
Francisco Bay Area Air Basin, which is a State and Federal non-attainment area for PM2.5.
An air quality analyses should to be conducted to determine the concentrations of PM2.5 in
the outdoor and indoor air that people inhale each day. This air quality analyses needs to
consider the cumulative impacts of the project related emissions, existing and projected
future emissions from local PM2.5 sources (e.g. stationary sources, motor vehicles, and
airport traffic) upon the outdoor air concentrations at the project site. If the outdoor
concentrations are determined to exceed the California and National annual average PM2.5
exceedence concentration of 12 g/m3, or the National 24-hour average exceedence
concentration of 35 g/m3, then the buildings need to have a mechanical supply of outdoor
air that has air filtration with sufficient PM2.5 removal efficiency, such that the indoor
concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 particles is less than the California and National PM2.5
annual and 24-hour standards.
It is my experience that based on the projected high traffic noise levels, the annual average
concentration of PM2.5 will exceed the California and National PM2.5 annual and 24-hour
11
standards and warrant installation of high efficiency air filters (i.e. MERV 13 or higher) in
all mechanically supplied outdoor air ventilation systems.
Indoor Air Quality Impact Mitigation Measures
The following are recommended mitigation measures to minimize the impacts upon
indoor quality:
indoor formaldehyde concentrations
outdoor air ventilation
PM2.5 outdoor air concentrations
Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrations Mitigation. Use only composite wood materials (e.g.
hardwood plywood, medium density fiberboard, particleboard) for all interior finish
systems that are made with CARB approved no-added formaldehyde (NAF) resins or
ultra-low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) resins (CARB, 2009). Other projects such as the
AC by Marriott Hotel – West San Jose Project (Asset Gas SC Inc.) and 2525 North Main
Street, Santa Ana (AC 2525 Main LLC, 2019) have entered into settlement agreements
stipulating the use of composite wood materials only containing NAF or ULEF resins.
Alternatively, conduct the previously described Pre-Construction Building
Material/Furnishing Chemical Emissions Assessment, to determine that the combination
of formaldehyde emissions from building materials and furnishings do not create indoor
formaldehyde concentrations that exceed the CEQA cancer and non-cancer health risks.
It is important to note that we are not asking that the builder to “speculate” on what and how
much composite materials be used, but rather at the design stage to select composite wood
materials based on the formaldehyde emission rates that manufacturers routinely conduct
using the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and
Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using
Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017), and use the procedure described earlier (i.e.
Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment) to
12
insure that the materials selected achieve acceptable cancer risks from material off
gassing of formaldehyde.
Outdoor Air Ventilation Mitigation. Provide each habitable room with a continuous
mechanical supply of outdoor air that meets or exceeds the California 2016 Building
Energy Efficiency Standards (California Energy Commission, 2015) requirements of the
greater of 15 cfm/occupant or 0.15 cfm/ft2 of floor area. Following installation of the
system conduct testing and balancing to insure that required amount of outdoor air is
entering each habitable room and provide a written report documenting the outdoor
airflow rates. Do not use exhaust only mechanical outdoor air systems, use only balanced
outdoor air supply and exhaust systems or outdoor air supply only systems. Provide a
manual for the occupants or maintenance personnel, that describes the purpose of the
mechanical outdoor air system and the operation and maintenance requirements of the
system.
PM2.5 Outdoor Air Concentration Mitigation. Install air filtration with sufficient PM2.5
removal efficiency (e.g. MERV 13 or higher) to filter the outdoor air entering the
mechanical outdoor air supply systems, such that the indoor concentrations of outdoor
PM2.5 particles are less than the California and National PM2.5 annual and 24-hour
standards. Install the air filters in the system such that they are accessible for replacement
by the occupants or maintenance personnel. Include in the mechanical outdoor air
ventilation system manual instructions on how to replace the air filters and the estimated
frequency of replacement.
References
AC 2525 Main LLC. 2019. Environmental Settlement Agreement with Laborers’
International Union of North America Local 652.
Asset Gas SC. Inc. 2019. Settlement Agreement and Release with Jose Mexicano,
Alejandro Martinez, and Laborers’ International Union of North America Local 652.
13
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). 2017. California Environmental
Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines. Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San
Francisco, CA. http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-
research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en
BIFA. 2018. BIFMA Product Safety and Performance Standards and Guidelines.
www.bifma.org/page/standardsoverview
California Air Resources Board. 2009. Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce
Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products. California Environmental
Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA.
https://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2007/compwood07/fro-final.pdf
California Air Resources Board. 2011. Toxic Air Contaminant Identification List.
California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA.
https://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/id/taclist.htm
California Building Code. 2001. California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2 Volume
1, Appendix Chapter 12, Interior Environment, Division 1, Ventilation, Section 1207:
2001 California Building Code, California Building Standards Commission. Sacramento,
CA.
California Building Standards Commission (2014). 2013 California Green Building
Standards Code. California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 11. California Building
Standards Commission, Sacramento, CA http://www.bsc.ca.gov/Home/CALGreen.aspx.
California Energy Commission, 2015. 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for
Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6.
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-400-2015-037/CEC-400-2015-037-
CMF.pdf
14
CDPH. 2017. Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions
for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers, Version 1.1. California Department of Public
Health, Richmond, CA. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/
DEODC/EHLB/IAQ/Pages/VOC.aspx.
Chan, W., Kim, Y., Singer, B., and Walker I. 2019. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in
New California Homes with Gas Appliances and Mechanical Ventilation. Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Technologies Area, LBNL-2001200, DOI:
10.20357/B7QC7X.
EPA. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition, Chapter 16 – Activity Factors.
Report EPA/600/R-09/052F, September 2011. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
Hodgson, A. T., D. Beal, J.E.R. McIlvaine. 2002. Sources of formaldehyde, other
aldehydes and terpenes in a new manufactured house. Indoor Air 12: 235–242.
OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2015. Air Toxics Hot
Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines; Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health
Risk Assessments.
OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2017a. Proposition 65
Safe Harbor Levels. No Significant Risk Levels for Carcinogens and Maximum Allowable
Dose Levels for Chemicals Causing Reproductive Toxicity. Available at:
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/pdf/safeharbor081513.pdf
OEHHA - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2017b. All OEHHA
Acute, 8-hour and Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. Available at:
http://oehha.ca.gov/air/allrels.html
Offermann, F. J. 2009. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes. California Air
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15
Environmental 5HVHDUFK 3URJUDP ROODERUDWLYH 5HSRUW
https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/apr/past/04-310.pdf
Offermann, F. J. and A. T. Hodgson. 2011. Emission Rates of Volatile Organic
Compounds in New Homes. Proceedings Indoor Air 2011 (12th International Conference
on Indoor Air Quality and Climate 2011), June 5-10, 2011, Austin, TX USA.
Placeworks. 2019. Public Review Draft Initial Study, The De Anza Hotel Project.
Price, Phillip P., Max Sherman, Robert H. Lee, and Thomas Piazza. 2007. Study of
Ventilation Practices and Household Characteristics in New California Homes.
California Energy Commission, PIER Program. CEC-500-2007-033. Final Report, ARB
Contract 03-326. Available at: www.arb.ca.gov/research/apr/past/03-326.pdf.
USGBC. 2014. LEED BD+C Homes v4. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington, D.C.
http://www.usgbc.org/credits/homes/v4
Francis (Bud) J. Offermann III PE, CIH
Indoor Environmental Engineering
1448 Pine Street, Suite 103, San Francisco, CA 94109
Phone: 415-567-7700
Email: Offermann@iee-sf.com
http://www.iee-sf.com
Education
M.S. Mechanical Engineering (1985)
Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Graduate Studies in Air Pollution Monitoring and Control (1980)
University of California, Berkeley, CA.
B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (1976)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y.
Professional Experience
President: Indoor Environmental Engineering, San Francisco, CA. December, 1981 -
present.
Direct team of environmental scientists, chemists, and mechanical engineers in
conducting State and Federal research regarding indoor air quality instrumentation
development, building air quality field studies, ventilation and air cleaning performance
measurements, and chemical emission rate testing.
Provide design side input to architects regarding selection of building materials and
ventilation system components to ensure a high quality indoor environment.
Direct Indoor Air Quality Consulting Team for the winning design proposal for the new
State of Washington Ecology Department building.
Develop a full-scale ventilation test facility for measuring the performance of air
diffusers; ASHRAE 129, Air Change Effectiveness, and ASHRAE 113, Air Diffusion
Performance Index.
Develop a chemical emission rate testing laboratory for measuring the chemical
emissions from building materials, furnishings, and equipment.
Principle Investigator of the California New Homes Study (2005-2007). Measured
ventilation and indoor air quality in 108 new single family detached homes in northern
and southern California.
Develop and teach IAQ professional development workshops to building owners,
managers, hygienists, and engineers.
2
Air Pollution Engineer: Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, CA, October, 1985 to March,
1987.
Responsible for development of an air pollution laboratory including installation a forced
choice olfactometer, tracer gas electron capture chromatograph, and associated
calibration facilities. Field team leader for studies of fugitive odor emissions from sewage
treatment plants, entrainment of fume hood exhausts into computer chip fabrication
rooms, and indoor air quality investigations.
Staff Scientist: Building Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Program, Energy and
Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. January, 1980 to
August, 1984.
Deputy project leader for the Control Techniques group; responsible for laboratory and
field studies aimed at evaluating the performance of indoor air pollutant control strategies
i.e. ventilation, filtration, precipitation, absorption, adsorption, and source control).
Coordinated field and laboratory studies of air-to-air heat exchangers including
evaluation of thermal performance, ventilation efficiency, cross-stream contaminant
transfer, and the effects of freezing/defrosting.
Developed an in situ test protocol for evaluating the performance of air cleaning systems
and introduced the concept of effective cleaning rate (ECR) also known as the Clean Air
Delivery Rate (CADR).
Coordinated laboratory studies of portable and ducted air cleaning systems and their
effect on indoor concentrations of respirable particles and radon progeny.
Co-designed an automated instrument system for measuring residential ventilation rates
and radon concentrations.
Designed hardware and software for a multi-channel automated data acquisition system
used to evaluate the performance of air-to-air heat transfer equipment.
Assistant Chief Engineer: Alta Bates Hospital, Berkeley, CA, October, 1979 to January,
1980.
Responsible for energy management projects involving installation of power factor
correction capacitors on large inductive electrical devices and installation of steam meters
on physical plant steam lines. Member of Local 39, International Union of Operating
Engineers.
Manufacturing Engineer: American Precision Industries, Buffalo, NY, October, 1977 to
October, 1979.
3
Responsible for reorganizing the manufacturing procedures regarding production of shell
and tube heat exchangers. Designed customized automatic assembly, welding, and testing
equipment. Designed a large paint spray booth. Prepared economic studies justifying new
equipment purchases. Safety Director.
Project Engineer: Arcata Graphics, Buffalo, N.Y. June, 1976 to October, 1977.
Responsible for the design and installation of a bulk ink storage and distribution system
and high speed automatic counting and marking equipment. Also coordinated material
handling studies which led to the purchase and installation of new equipment.
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIP
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Chairman of SPC-145P, Standards Project Committee - Test Method for Assessing
the Performance of Gas Phase Air Cleaning Equipment (1991-1992)
Member SPC-129P, Standards Project Committee - Test Method for Ventilation
Effectiveness (1986-97)
Member of Drafting Committee
Member Environmental Health Committee (1992-1994, 1997-2001, 2007-2010)
Chairman of EHC Research Subcommittee
Member of Man Made Mineral Fiber Position Paper Subcommittee
Member of the IAQ Position Paper Committee
Member of the Legionella Position Paper Committee
Member of the Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings Position Paper
Committee
Member SSPC-62, Standing Standards Project Committee - Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (1992 to 2000)
Chairman of Source Control and Air Cleaning Subcommittee
Chairman of TC-4.10, Indoor Environmental Modeling (1988-92)
Member of Research Subcommittee
Chairman of TC-2.3, Gaseous Air Contaminants and Control Equipment (1989-92)
Member of Research Subcommittee
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
D-22 Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Member of Indoor Air Quality Subcommittee
E-06 Performance of Building Constructions
American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Bioaerosols Committee (2007-2013)
4
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Cal-OSHA Indoor Air Quality Advisory Committee
International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ)
Co-Chairman of Task Force on HVAC Hygiene
U. S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Member of the IEQ Technical Advisory Group (2007-2009)
Member of the IAQ Performance Testing Work Group (2010-2012)
Western Construction Consultants (WESTCON)
PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALS
Licensed Professional Engineer - Mechanical Engineering
Certified Industrial Hygienist - American Board of Industrial Hygienists
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AND SYMPOSIA
Biological Contamination, Diagnosis, and Mitigation, Indoor Air’90, Toronto, Canada,
August, 1990.
Models for Predicting Air Quality, Indoor Air’90, Toronto, Canada, August, 1990.
Microbes in Building Materials and Systems, Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July,
1993.
Microorganisms in Indoor Air Assessment and Evaluation of Health Effects and Probable
Causes, Walnut Creek, CA, February 27, 1997.
Controlling Microbial Moisture Problems in Buildings, Walnut Creek, CA, February 27,
1997.
Scientific Advisory Committee, Roomvent 98, 6th International Conference on Air
Distribution in Rooms, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, June 14-17, 1998.
Moisture and Mould, Indoor Air ’99, Edinburgh, Scotland, August, 1999.
Ventilation Modeling and Simulation, Indoor Air ’99, Edinburgh, Scotland, August,
1999.
Microbial Growth in Materials, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August, 2000.
5
Co-Chair, Bioaerosols X- Exposures in Residences, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, CA, July
2002.
Healthy Indoor Environments, Anaheim, CA, April 2003.
Chair, Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Multi-Family Homes, Indoor Air 2008,
Copenhagen, Denmark, July 2008.
Co-Chair, ISIAQ Task Force Workshop; HVAC Hygiene, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey,
CA, July 2002.
Chair, ETS in Multi-Family Housing: Exposures, Controls, and Legalities Forum,
Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009.
Chair, Energy Conservation and IAQ in Residences Workshop, Indoor Air 2011, Austin,
TX, June 6, 2011.
Chair, Electronic Cigarettes: Chemical Emissions and Exposures Colloquium, Indoor Air
2016, Ghent, Belgium, July 4, 2016.
SPECIAL CONSULTATION
Provide consultation to the American Home Appliance Manufacturers on the
development of a standard for testing portable air cleaners, AHAM Standard AC-1.
Served as an expert witness and special consultant for the U.S. Federal Trade
Commission regarding the performance claims found in advertisements of portable air
cleaners and residential furnace filters.
Conducted a forensic investigation for a San Mateo, CA pro se defendant, regarding an
alleged homicide where the victim was kidnapped in a steamer trunk. Determined the air
exchange rate in the steamer trunk and how long the person could survive.
Conducted in situ measurement of human exposure to toluene fumes released during
nailpolish application for a plaintiffs attorney pursuing a California Proposition 65
product labeling case. June, 1993.
Conducted a forensic in situ investigation for the Butte County, CA Sheriff’s Department
of the emissions of a portable heater used in the bedroom of two twin one year old girls
who suffered simultaneous crib death.
Consult with OSHA on the 1995 proposed new regulation regarding indoor air quality
and environmental tobacco smoke.
6
Consult with EPA on the proposed Building Alliance program and with OSHA on the
proposed new OSHA IAQ regulation.
Johnson Controls Audit/Certification Expert Review; Milwaukee, WI. May 28-29, 1997.
Winner of the nationally published 1999 Request for Proposals by the State of
Washington to conduct a comprehensive indoor air quality investigation of the
Washington State Department of Ecology building in Lacey, WA.
Selected by the State of California Attorney General’s Office in August, 2000 to conduct
a comprehensive indoor air quality investigation of the Tulare County Court House.
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory IAQ Experts Workshop: “Cause and Prevention of Sick
Building Problems in Offices: The Experience of Indoor Environmental Quality
Investigators”, Berkeley, California, May 26-27, 2004.
Provide consultation and chemical emission rate testing to the State of California
Attorney General’s Office in 2013-2015 regarding the chemical emissions from e-
cigarettes.
PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS :
F.J.Offermann, C.D.Hollowell, and G.D.Roseme, "Low-Infiltration Housing in
Rochester, New York: A Study of Air Exchange Rates and Indoor Air Quality,"
Environment International, 8, pp. 435-445, 1982.
W.W.Nazaroff, F.J.Offermann, and A.W.Robb, "Automated System for Measuring Air
Exchange Rate and Radon Concentration in Houses," Health Physics, 45, pp. 525-537,
1983.
F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, B.Pedersen, and K.L.Revzan, "Ventilation
Efficiencies of Wall- or Window-Mounted Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers,"
ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 89-2B, pp 507-527, 1983.
W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E Chant, D. Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.Pedersen, "Onset of
Freezing in Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers," ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 91-
1B, 1984.
W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E Chant, D. Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.Pedersen,
Performance of Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers During Operation with Freezing
and Periodic Defrosts," ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 91-1B, 1984.
F.J.Offermann, R.G.Sextro, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, W.W.Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, and
K.L.Revzan, "Control of Respirable Particles with Portable Air Cleaners," Atmospheric
Environment, Vol. 19, pp.1761-1771, 1985.
7
R.G.Sextro, F.J.Offermann, W.W.Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, K.L.Revzan, and J.Yater,
Evaluation of Indoor Control Devices and Their Effects on Radon Progeny
Concentrations," Atmospheric Environment, 12, pp. 429-438, 1986.
W.J. Fisk, R.K.Spencer, F.J.Offermann, R.K.Spencer, B.Pedersen, R.Sextro, "Indoor Air
Quality Control Techniques," Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, (1987).
F.J.Offermann, "Ventilation Effectiveness and ADPI Measurements of a Forced Air
Heating System," ASHRAE Transactions , Volume 94, Part 1, pp 694-704, 1988.
F.J.Offermann and D. Int-Hout "Ventilation Effectiveness Measurements of Three
Supply/Return Air Configurations," Environment International , Volume 15, pp 585-592
1989.
F.J. Offermann, S.A. Loiselle, M.C. Quinlan, and M.S. Rogers, "A Study of Diesel Fume
Entrainment in an Office Building," IAQ '89, The Human Equation: Health and
Comfort, pp 179-183, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1989.
R.G.Sextro and F.J.Offermann, "Reduction of Residential Indoor Particle and Radon
Progeny Concentrations with Ducted Air Cleaning Systems," submitted to Indoor Air,
1990.
S.A.Loiselle, A.T.Hodgson, and F.J.Offermann, "Development of An Indoor Air Sampler
for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds", Indoor Air , Vol 2, pp 191-210, 1991.
F.J.Offermann, S.A.Loiselle, A.T.Hodgson, L.A. Gundel, and J.M. Daisey, "A Pilot
Study to Measure Indoor Concentrations and Emission Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic
Compounds", Indoor Air , Vol 4, pp 497-512, 1991.
F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, R.G. Sextro, "Performance Comparisons of Six Different
Air Cleaners Installed in a Residential Forced Air Ventilation System," IAQ'91, Healthy
Buildings, pp 342-350, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA (1991).
F.J. Offermann, J. Daisey, A. Hodgson, L. Gundell, and S. Loiselle, "Indoor
Concentrations and Emission Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds", Indoor Air,
Vol 4, pp 497-512 (1992).
F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, R.G. Sextro, "Performance of Air Cleaners Installed in a
Residential Forced Air System," ASHRAE Journal, pp 51-57, July, 1992.
F.J. Offermann and S. A. Loiselle, "Performance of an Air-Cleaning System in an
Archival Book Storage Facility," IAQ'92, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1992.
S.B. Hayward, K.S. Liu, L.E. Alevantis, K. Shah, S. Loiselle, F.J. Offermann, Y.L.
Chang, L. Webber, “Effectiveness of Ventilation and Other Controls in Reducing
Exposure to ETS in Office Buildings,” Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July 4-8, 1993.
8
F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, G. Ander, H. Lau, "Indoor Contaminant Emission Rates
Before and After a Building Bake-out," IAQ'93, Operating and Maintaining Buildings for
Health, Comfort, and Productivity, pp 157-163, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1993.
L.E. Alevantis, Hayward, S.B., Shah, S.B., Loiselle, S., and Offermann, F.J. "Tracer Gas
Techniques for Determination of the Effectiveness of Pollutant Removal From Local
Sources," IAQ '93, Operating and Maintaining Buildings for Health, Comfort, and
Productivity, pp 119-129, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1993.
L.E. Alevantis, Liu, L.E., Hayward, S.B., Offermann, F.J., Shah, S.B., Leiserson, K.
Tsao, E., and Huang, Y., "Effectiveness of Ventilation in 23 Designated Smoking Areas
in California Buildings," IAQ '94, Engineering Indoor Environments, pp 167-181,
ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1994.
L.E. Alevantis, Offermann, F.J., Loiselle, S., and Macher, J.M., “Pressure and Ventilation
Requirements of Hospital Isolation Rooms for Tuberculosis (TB) Patients: Existing
Guidelines in the United States and a Method for Measuring Room Leakage”, Ventilation
and Indoor air quality in Hospitals, M. Maroni, editor, Kluwer Academic publishers,
Netherlands, 1996.
F.J. Offermann, M. A. Waz, A.T. Hodgson, and H.M. Ammann, "Chemical Emissions
from a Hospital Operating Room Air Filter," IAQ'96, Paths to Better Building
Environments, pp 95-99, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1996.
F.J. Offermann, "Professional Malpractice and the Sick Building Investigator," IAQ'96,
Paths to Better Building Environments, pp 132-136, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1996.
F.J. Offermann, “Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness,” Indoor Air,
Vol 1, pp.206-211, 1999.
F. J. Offermann, A. T. Hodgson, and J. P. Robertson, “Contaminant Emission Rates from
PVC Backed Carpet Tiles on Damp Concrete”, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland,
August 2000.
K.S. Liu, L.E. Alevantis, and F.J. Offermann, “A Survey of Environmental Tobacco
Smoke Controls in California Office Buildings”, Indoor Air, Vol 11, pp. 26-34, 2001.
F.J. Offermann, R. Colfer, P. Radzinski, and J. Robertson, “Exposure to Environmental
Tobacco Smoke in an Automobile”, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, California, July 2002.
F. J. Offermann, J.P. Robertson, and T. Webster, “The Impact of Tracer Gas Mixing on
Airflow Rate Measurements in Large Commercial Fan Systems”, Indoor Air 2002,
Monterey, California, July 2002.
M. J. Mendell, T. Brennan, L. Hathon, J.D. Odom, F.J.Offermann, B.H. Turk, K.M.
Wallingford, R.C. Diamond, W.J. Fisk, “Causes and prevention of Symptom Complaints
9
in Office Buildings: Distilling the Experience of Indoor Environmental Investigators”,
submitted to Indoor Air 2005, Beijing, China, September 4-9, 2005.
F.J. Offermann, “Ventilation and IAQ in New Homes With and Without Mechanical
Outdoor Air Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009.
F.J. Offermann, “ASHRAE 62.2 Intermittent Residential Ventilation: What’s It Good
For, Intermittently Poor IAQ”, IAQVEC 2010, Syracuse, CA, April 21, 2010.
F.J. Offermann and A.T. Hodgson, “Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds in
New Homes”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June, 2011.
P. Jenkins, R. Johnson, T. Phillips, and F. Offermann, “Chemical Concentrations in New
California Homes and Garages”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June, 2011.
W. J. Mills, B. J. Grigg, F. J. Offermann, B. E. Gustin, and N. E. Spingarm, “Toluene and
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Exposure from a Commercially Available Contact Adhesive”,
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 9:D95-D102 May, 2012.
F. J. Offermann, R. Maddalena, J. C. Offermann, B. C. Singer, and H, Wilhelm, “The
Impact of Ventilation on the Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds in
Residences”, HB 2012, Brisbane, AU, July, 2012.
F. J. Offermann, A. T. Hodgson, P. L. Jenkins, R. D. Johnson, and T. J. Phillips,
Attached Garages as a Source of Volatile Organic Compounds in New Homes”, HB
2012, Brisbane, CA, July, 2012.
R. Maddalena, N. Li, F. Offermann, and B. Singer, “Maximizing Information from
Residential Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds”, HB 2012, Brisbane, AU,
July, 2012.
W. Chen, A. Persily, A. Hodgson, F. Offermann, D. Poppendieck, and K. Kumagai,
Area-Specific Airflow Rates for Evaluating the Impacts of VOC emissions in U.S.
Single-Family Homes”, Building and Environment, Vol. 71, 204-211, February, 2014.
F. J. Offermann, A. Eagan A. C. Offermann, and L. J. Radonovich, “Infectious Disease
Aerosol Exposures With and Without Surge Control Ventilation System Modifications”,
Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014.
F. J. Offermann, “Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive
Exposures”, Building and Environment, Vol. 93, Part 1, 101-105, November, 2015.
F. J. Offermann, “Formaldehyde Emission Rates From Lumber Liquidators Laminate
Flooring Manufactured in China”, Indoor Air 2016, Belgium, Ghent, July, 2016.
F. J. Offermann, “Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Emission Rates for E-Cigarettes”,
Indoor Air 2016, Belgium, Ghent, July, 2016.
10
OTHER REPORTS:
W.J.Fisk, P.G.Cleary, and F.J.Offermann, "Energy Saving Ventilation with Residential
Heat Exchangers," a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory brochure distributed by the
Bonneville Power Administration, 1981.
F.J.Offermann, J.R.Girman, and C.D.Hollowell, "Midway House Tightening Project: A
Study of Indoor Air Quality," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report
LBL-12777, 1981.
F.J.Offermann, J.B.Dickinson, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, C.D.Hollowell, D.L.Krinkle, and
G.D.Roseme, "Residential Air-Leakage and Indoor Air Quality in Rochester, New York,"
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-13100, 1982.
F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, B.Pedersen, and K.L.Revzan, Residential Air-to-Air Heat
Exchangers: A Study of the Ventilation Efficiencies of Wall- or Window- Mounted
Units," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-14358, 1982.
F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, W.W.Nazaroff, and R.G.Sextro, "A Review of Portable Air
Cleaners for Controlling Indoor Concentrations of Particulates and Radon Progeny," An
interim report for the Bonneville Power Administration, 1983.
W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E.Chant, D.Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.S. Pedersen,
Freezing in Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers: An Experimental Study," Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16783, 1983.
R.G.Sextro, W.W.Nazaroff, F.J.Offermann, and K.L.Revzan, "Measurements of Indoor
Aerosol Properties and Their Effect on Radon Progeny," Proceedings of the American
Association of Aerosol Research Annual Meeting, April, 1983.
F.J.Offermann, R.G.Sextro, W.J.Fisk, W.W. Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, K.L.Revzan, and
J.Yater, "Control of Respirable Particles and Radon Progeny with Portable Air Cleaners,"
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16659, 1984.
W.J.Fisk, R.K.Spencer, D.T.Grimsrud, F.J.Offermann, B.Pedersen, and R.G.Sextro,
Indoor Air Quality Control Techniques: A Critical Review," Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16493, 1984.
F.J.Offermann, J.R.Girman, and R.G.Sextro, "Controlling Indoor Air Pollution from
Tobacco Smoke: Models and Measurements,", Indoor Air, Proceedings of the 3rd
International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol 1, pp 257-264, Swedish
Council for Building Research, Stockholm (1984), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-17603, 1984.
11
R.Otto, J.Girman, F.Offermann, and R.Sextro,"A New Method for the Collection and
Comparison of Respirable Particles in the Indoor Environment," Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Special Director Fund's Study, 1984.
A.T.Hodgson and F.J.Offermann, "Examination of a Sick Office Building," Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, an informal field study, 1984.
R.G.Sextro, F.J.Offermann, W.W.Nazaroff, and A.V.Nero, "Effects of Aerosol
Concentrations on Radon Progeny," Aerosols, Science, & Technology, and Industrial
Applications of Airborne Particles, editors B.Y.H.Liu, D.Y.H.Pui, and H.J.Fissan, p525,
Elsevier, 1984.
K.Sexton, S.Hayward, F.Offermann, R.Sextro, and L.Weber, "Characterization of
Particulate and Organic Emissions from Major Indoor Sources, Proceedings of the Third
International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Stockholm, Sweden, August
20-24, 1984.
F.J.Offermann, "Tracer Gas Measurements of Laboratory Fume Entrainment at a Semi-
Conductor Manufacturing Plant," an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report,
1986.
F.J.Offermann, "Tracer Gas Measurements of Ventilation Rates in a Large Office
Building," an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1986.
F.J.Offermann, "Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds in a New Large Office
Building with Adhesive Fastened Carpeting," an Indoor Environmental Engineering
R&D Report, 1986.
F.J.Offermann, "Designing and Operating Healthy Buildings", an Indoor Environmental
Engineering R&D Report, 1986.
F.J.Offermann, "Measurements and Mitigation of Indoor Spray-Applicated Pesticides",
an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1988.
F.J.Offermann and S. Loiselle, "Measurements and Mitigation of Indoor Mold
Contamination in a Residence", an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report,
1989.
F.J.Offermann and S. Loiselle, "Performance Measurements of an Air Cleaning System
in a Large Archival Library Storage Facility", an Indoor Environmental Engineering
R&D Report, 1989.
F.J. Offermann, J.M. Daisey, L.A. Gundel, and A.T. Hodgson, S. A. Loiselle, "Sampling,
Analysis, and Data Validation of Indoor Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons", Final Report, Contract No. A732-106, California Air Resources Board,
March, 1990.
12
L.A. Gundel, J.M. Daisey, and F.J. Offermann, "A Sampling and Analytical Method for
Gas Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Indoor Air '90, July 29-August 1990.
A.T. Hodgson, J.M. Daisey, and F.J. Offermann "Development of an Indoor Sampling
and Analytical Method for Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Proceedings
of the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Indoor Air '90,
July 29-August, 1990.
F.J. Offermann, J.O. Sateri, “Tracer Gas Measurements in Large Multi-Room Buildings”,
Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July 4-8, 1993.
F.J.Offermann, M. T. O’Flaherty, and M. A. Waz “Validation of ASHRAE 129 -
Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness”, Final Report of ASHRAE
Research Project 891, December 8, 1997.
S.E. Guffey, F.J. Offermann et. al., “Proceedings of the Workshop on Ventilation
Engineering Controls for Environmental Tobacco smoke in the Hospitality Industry”,
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration and ACGIH,
1998.
F.J. Offermann, R.J. Fiskum, D. Kosar, and D. Mudaari, “A Practical Guide to
Ventilation Practices & Systems for Existing Buildings”, Heating/Piping/Air
Conditioning Engineering supplement to April/May 1999 issue.
F.J. Offermann, P. Pasanen, “Workshop 18: Criteria for Cleaning of Air Handling
Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000.
F.J. Offermann, Session Summaries: Building Investigations, and Design &
Construction, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000.
F.J. Offermann, “The IAQ Top 10”, Engineered Systems, November, 2008.
L. Kincaid and F.J. Offermann, “Unintended Consequences: Formaldehyde Exposures in
Green Homes, AIHA Synergist, February, 2010.
F.J. Offermann, “ IAQ in Air Tight Homes”, ASHRAE Journal, November, 2010.
F.J. Offermann, “The Hazards of E-Cigarettes”, ASHRAE Journal, June, 2014.
PRESENTATIONS :
Low-Infiltration Housing in Rochester, New York: A Study of Air Exchange Rates and
Indoor Air Quality," Presented at the International Symposium on Indoor Air Pollution,
Health and Energy Conservation, Amherst, MA, October 13-16,1981.
13
Ventilation Efficiencies of Wall- or Window-Mounted Residential Air-to-Air Heat
Exchangers," Presented at the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air
Conditioning Engineers Summer Meeting, Washington, DC, June, 1983.
Controlling Indoor Air Pollution from Tobacco Smoke: Models and Measurements,"
Presented at the Third International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate,
Stockholm, Sweden, August 20-24, 1984.
Indoor Air Pollution: An Emerging Environmental Problem", Presented to the
Association of Environmental Professionals, Bar Area/Coastal Region 1, Berkeley, CA,
May 29, 1986.
Ventilation Measurement Techniques," Presented at the Workshop on Sampling and
Analytical Techniques, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, September 26,
1986 and September 25, 1987.
Buildings That Make You Sick: Indoor Air Pollution", Presented to the Sacramento
Association of Professional Energy Managers, Sacramento, CA, November 18, 1986.
Ventilation Effectiveness and Indoor Air Quality", Presented to the American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers Northern Nevada Chapter, Reno,
NV, February 18, 1987, Golden Gate Chapter, San Francisco, CA, October 1, 1987, and
the San Jose Chapter, San Jose, CA, June 9, 1987.
Tracer Gas Techniques for Studying Ventilation," Presented at the Indoor Air Quality
Symposium, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, September 22-24, 1987.
Indoor Air Quality Control: What Works, What Doesn't," Presented to the Sacramento
Association of Professional Energy Managers, Sacramento, CA, November 17, 1987.
Ventilation Effectiveness and ADPI Measurements of a Forced Air Heating System,"
Presented at the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning
Engineers Winter Meeting, Dallas, Texas, January 31, 1988.
Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation, and Energy in Commercial Buildings", Presented at the
Building Owners &Managers Association of Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, July 21,
1988.
Controlling Indoor Air Quality: The New ASHRAE Ventilation Standards and How to
Evaluate Indoor Air Quality", Presented at a conference "Improving Energy Efficiency
and Indoor Air Quality in Commercial Buildings," National Energy Management
Institute, Reno, Nevada, November 4, 1988.
A Study of Diesel Fume Entrainment Into an Office Building," Presented at Indoor Air
89: The Human Equation: Health and Comfort, American Society of Heating,
Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, San Diego, CA, April 17-20, 1989.
14
Indoor Air Quality in Commercial Office Buildings," Presented at the Renewable
Energy Technologies Symposium and International Exposition, Santa Clara, CA June 20,
1989.
Building Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality", Presented to the San Joaquin Chapter of
the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers,
September 7, 1989.
How to Meet New Ventilation Standards: Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency," a
workshop presented by the Association of Energy Engineers; Chicago, IL, March 20-21,
1989; Atlanta, GA, May 25-26, 1989; San Francisco, CA, October 19-20, 1989; Orlando,
FL, December 11-12, 1989; Houston, TX, January 29-30, 1990; Washington D.C.,
February 26-27, 1990; Anchorage, Alaska, March 23, 1990; Las Vegas, NV, April 23-24,
1990; Atlantic City, NJ, September 27-28, 1991; Anaheim, CA, November 19-20, 1991;
Orlando, FL, February 28 - March 1, 1991; Washington, DC, March 20-21, 1991;
Chicago, IL, May 16-17, 1991; Lake Tahoe, NV, August 15-16, 1991; Atlantic City, NJ,
November 18-19, 1991; San Jose, CA, March 23-24, 1992.
Indoor Air Quality," a seminar presented by the Anchorage, Alaska Chapter of the
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, March 23,
1990.
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality", Presented at the 1990 HVAC & Building Systems
Congress, Santa, Clara, CA, March 29, 1990.
Ventilation Standards for Office Buildings", Presented to the South Bay Property
Managers Association, Santa Clara, May 9, 1990.
Indoor Air Quality", Presented at the Responsive Energy Technologies Symposium &
International Exposition (RETSIE), Santa Clara, CA, June 20, 1990.
Indoor Air Quality - Management and Control Strategies", Presented at the Association
of Energy Engineers, San Francisco Bay Area Chapter Meeting, Berkeley, CA,
September 25, 1990.
Diagnosing Indoor Air Contaminant and Odor Problems", Presented at the ASHRAE
Annual Meeting, New York City, NY, January 23, 1991.
Diagnosing and Treating the Sick Building Syndrome", Presented at the Energy 2001,
Oklahoma, OK, March 19, 1991.
Diagnosing and Mitigating Indoor Air Quality Problems" a workshop presented by the
Association of Energy Engineers, Chicago, IL, October 29-30, 1990; New York, NY,
January 24-25, 1991; Anaheim, April 25-26, 1991; Boston, MA, June 10-11, 1991;
Atlanta, GA, October 24-25, 1991; Chicago, IL, October 3-4, 1991; Las Vegas, NV,
December 16-17, 1991; Anaheim, CA, January 30-31, 1992; Atlanta, GA, March 5-6,
1992; Washington, DC, May 7-8, 1992; Chicago, IL, August 19-20, 1992; Las Vegas,
15
NV, October 1-2, 1992; New York City, NY, October 26-27, 1992, Las Vegas, NV,
March 18-19, 1993; Lake Tahoe, CA, July 14-15, 1994; Las Vegas, NV, April 3-4, 1995;
Lake Tahoe, CA, July 11-12, 1996; Miami, Fl, December 9-10, 1996.
Sick Building Syndrome and the Ventilation Engineer", Presented to the San Jose
Engineers Club, May, 21, 1991.
Duct Cleaning: Who Needs It ? How Is It Done ? What Are The Costs ?" What Are the
Risks ?, Moderator of Forum at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Indianapolis ID, June 23,
1991.
Operating Healthy Buildings", Association of Plant Engineers, Oakland, CA, November
14, 1991.
Duct Cleaning Perspectives", Moderator of Seminar at the ASHRAE Semi-Annual
Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, June 24, 1991.
Duct Cleaning: The Role of the Environmental Hygienist," ASHRAE Annual Meeting,
Anaheim, CA, January 29, 1992.
Emerging IAQ Issues", Fifth National Conference on Indoor Air Pollution, University of
Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, April 13-14, 1992.
International Symposium on Room Air Convection and Ventilation Effectiveness",
Member of Scientific Advisory Board, University of Tokyo, July 22-24, 1992.
Guidelines for Contaminant Control During Construction and Renovation Projects in
Office Buildings," Seminar paper at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, January
26, 1993.
Outside Air Economizers: IAQ Friend or Foe", Moderator of Forum at the ASHRAE
Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 26, 1993.
Orientation to Indoor Air Quality," an EPA two and one half day comprehensive indoor
air quality introductory workshop for public officials and building property managers;
Sacramento, September 28-30, 1992; San Francisco, February 23-24, 1993; Los Angeles,
March 16-18, 1993; Burbank, June 23, 1993; Hawaii, August 24-25, 1993; Las Vegas,
August 30, 1993; San Diego, September 13-14, 1993; Phoenix, October 18-19, 1993;
Reno, November 14-16, 1995; Fullerton, December 3-4, 1996; Fresno, May 13-14, 1997.
Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers," an EPA
one half day indoor air quality introductory workshop for building owners and facility
managers. Presented throughout Region IX 1993-1995.
Techniques for Airborne Disease Control”, EPRI Healthcare Initiative Symposium; San
Francisco, CA; June 7, 1994.
16
Diagnosing and Mitigating Indoor Air Quality Problems”, CIHC Conference; San
Francisco, September 29, 1994.
Indoor Air Quality: Tools for Schools,” an EPA one day air quality management
workshop for school officials, teachers, and maintenance personnel; San Francisco,
October 18-20, 1994; Cerritos, December 5, 1996; Fresno, February 26, 1997; San Jose,
March 27, 1997; Riverside, March 5, 1997; San Diego, March 6, 1997; Fullerton,
November 13, 1997; Santa Rosa, February 1998; Cerritos, February 26, 1998; Santa
Rosa, March 2, 1998.
ASHRAE 62 Standard “Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ”, ASCR Convention; San
Francisco, CA, March 16, 1995.
New Developments in Indoor Air Quality: Protocol for Diagnosing IAQ Problems”,
AIHA-NC; March 25, 1995.
Experimental Validation of ASHRAE SPC 129, Standard Method of Measuring Air
Change Effectiveness", 16th AIVC Conference, Palm Springs, USA, September 19-22,
1995.
Diagnostic Protocols for Building IAQ Assessment”, American Society of Safety
Engineers Seminar: ‘Indoor Air Quality – The Next Door’; San Jose Chapter, September
27, 1995; Oakland Chapter, 9, 1997.
Diagnostic Protocols for Building IAQ Assessment”, Local 39; Oakland, CA, October 3,
1995.
Diagnostic Protocols for Solving IAQ Problems”, CSU-PPD Conference; October 24,
1995.
Demonstrating Compliance with ASHRAE 62-1989 Ventilation Requirements”, AIHA;
October 25, 1995.
IAQ Diagnostics: Hands on Assessment of Building Ventilation and Pollutant
Transport”, EPA Region IX; Phoenix, AZ, March 12, 1996; San Francisco, CA, April 9,
1996; Burbank, CA, April 12, 1996.
Experimental Validation of ASHRAE 129P: Standard Method of Measuring Air Change
Effectiveness”, Room Vent ‘96 / International Symposium on Room Air Convection and
Ventilation Effectiveness"; Yokohama, Japan, July 16-19, 1996.
IAQ Diagnostic Methodologies and RFP Development”, CCEHSA 1996 Annual
Conference, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, August 2, 1996.
The Practical Side of Indoor Air Quality Assessments”, California Industrial Hygiene
Conference ‘96, San Diego, CA, September 2, 1996.
17
ASHRAE Standard 62: Improving Indoor Environments”, Pacific Gas and Electric
Energy Center, San Francisco, CA, October 29, 1996.
Operating and Maintaining Healthy Buildings”, April 3-4, 1996, San Jose, CA; July 30,
1997, Monterey, CA.
IAQ Primer”, Local 39, April 16, 1997; Amdahl Corporation, June 9, 1997; State
Compensation Insurance Fund’s Safety & Health Services Department, November 21,
1996.
Tracer Gas Techniques for Measuring Building Air Flow Rates”, ASHRAE,
Philadelphia, PA, January 26, 1997.
How to Diagnose and Mitigate Indoor Air Quality Problems”; Women in Waste; March
19, 1997.
Environmental Engineer: What Is It?”, Monte Vista High School Career Day; April 10,
1997.
Indoor Environment Controls: What’s Hot and What’s Not”, Shaklee Corporation; San
Francisco, CA, July 15, 1997.
Measurement of Ventilation System Performance Parameters in the US EPA BASE
Study”, Healthy Buildings/IAQ’97, Washington, DC, September 29, 1997.
Operations and Maintenance for Healthy and Comfortable Indoor Environments”,
PASMA; October 7, 1997.
Designing for Healthy and Comfortable Indoor Environments”, Construction
Specification Institute, Santa Rosa, CA, November 6, 1997.
Ventilation System Design for Good IAQ”, University of Tulsa 10th Annual Conference,
San Francisco, CA, February 25, 1998.
The Building Shell”, Tools For Building Green Conference and Trade Show, Alameda
County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board, Oakland, CA, February 28,
1998.
Identifying Fungal Contamination Problems In Buildings”, The City of Oakland
Municipal Employees, Oakland, CA, March 26, 1998.
Managing Indoor Air Quality in Schools: Staying Out of Trouble”, CASBO,
Sacramento, CA, April 20, 1998.
Indoor Air Quality”, CSOOC Spring Conference, Visalia, CA, April 30, 1998.
Particulate and Gas Phase Air Filtration”, ACGIH/OSHA, Ft. Mitchell, KY, June 1998.
18
Building Air Quality Facts and Myths”, The City of Oakland / Alameda County Safety
Seminar, Oakland, CA, June 12, 1998.
Building Engineering and Moisture”, Building Contamination Workshop, University of
California Berkeley, Continuing Education in Engineering and Environmental
Management, San Francisco, CA, October 21-22, 1999.
Identifying and Mitigating Mold Contamination in Buildings”, Western Construction
Consultants Association, Oakland, CA, March 15, 2000; AIG Construction Defect
Seminar, Walnut Creek, CA, May 2, 2001; City of Oakland Public Works Agency,
Oakland, CA, July 24, 2001; Executive Council of Homeowners, Alamo, CA, August 3,
2001.
Using the EPA BASE Study for IAQ Investigation / Communication”, Joint
Professional Symposium 2000, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Orange County
Southern California Sections, Long Beach, October 19, 2000.
Ventilation,” Indoor Air Quality: Risk Reduction in the 21st Century Symposium,
sponsored by the California Environmental Protection Agency/Air Resources Board,
Sacramento, CA, May 3-4, 2000.
Workshop 18: Criteria for Cleaning of Air Handling Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2000,
Espoo, Finland, August 2000.
Closing Session Summary: ‘Building Investigations’ and ‘Building Design &
Construction’, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000.
Managing Building Air Quality and Energy Efficiency, Meeting the Standard of Care”,
BOMA, MidAtlantic Environmental Hygiene Resource Center, Seattle, WA, May 23rd,
2000; San Antonio, TX, September 26-27, 2000.
Diagnostics & Mitigation in Sick Buildings: When Good Buildings Go Bad,” University
of California Berkeley, September 18, 2001.
Mold Contamination: Recognition and What To Do and Not Do”, Redwood Empire
Remodelers Association; Santa Rosa, CA, April 16, 2002.
Investigative Tools of the IAQ Trade”, Healthy Indoor Environments 2002; Austin, TX;
April 22, 2002.
Finding Hidden Mold: Case Studies in IAQ Investigations”, AIHA Northern California
Professionals Symposium; Oakland, CA, May 8, 2002.
Assessing and Mitigating Fungal Contamination in Buildings”, Cal/OSHA Training;
Oakland, CA, February 14, 2003 and West Covina, CA, February 20-21, 2003.
19
Use of External Containments During Fungal Mitigation”, Invited Speaker, ACGIH
Mold Remediation Symposium, Orlando, FL, November 3-5, 2003.
Building Operator Certification (BOC), 106-IAQ Training Workshops, Northwest Energy
Efficiency Council; Stockton, CA, December 3, 2003; San Francisco, CA, December 9,
2003; Irvine, CA, January 13, 2004; San Diego, January 14, 2004; Irwindale, CA,
January 27, 2004; Downey, CA, January 28, 2004; Santa Monica, CA, March 16, 2004;
Ontario, CA, March 17, 2004; Ontario, CA, November 9, 2004, San Diego, CA,
November 10, 2004; San Francisco, CA, November 17, 2004; San Jose, CA, November
18, 2004; Sacramento, CA, March 15, 2005.
Mold Remediation: The National QUEST for Uniformity Symposium”, Invited
Speaker, Orlando, Florida, November 3-5, 2003.
Mold and Moisture Control”, Indoor Air Quality workshop for The Collaborative for
High Performance Schools (CHPS), San Francisco, December 11, 2003.
Advanced Perspectives In Mold Prevention & Control Symposium”, Invited Speaker,
Las Vegas, Nevada, November 7-9, 2004.
Building Sciences: Understanding and Controlling Moisture in Buildings”, American
Industrial Hygiene Association, San Francisco, CA, February 14-16, 2005.
Indoor Air Quality Diagnostics and Healthy Building Design”, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, March 2, 2005.
Improving IAQ = Reduced Tenant Complaints”, Northern California Facilities
Exposition, Santa Clara, CA, September 27, 2007.
Defining Safe Building Air”, Criteria for Safe Air and Water in Buildings, ASHRAE
Winter Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 27, 2008.
Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration”, Invited Speaker, NAFA 2008
Convention, San Francisco, CA, September 19, 2008.
Ventilation and Indoor air Quality in New California Homes”, National Center of
Healthy Housing, October 20, 2008.
Indoor Air Quality in New Homes”, California Energy and Air Quality Conference,
October 29, 2008.
Mechanical Outdoor air Ventilation Systems and IAQ in New Homes”, ACI Home
Performance Conference, Kansas City, MO, April 29, 2009.
Ventilation and IAQ in New Homes with and without Mechanical Outdoor Air
Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009.
20
Ten Ways to Improve Your Air Quality”, Northern California Facilities Exposition,
Santa Clara, CA, September 30, 2009.
New Developments in Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings”,
Westcon meeting, Alameda, CA, March 17, 2010.
Intermittent Residential Mechanical Outdoor Air Ventilation Systems and IAQ”,
ASHRAE SSPC 62.2 Meeting, Austin, TX, April 19, 2010.
Measured IAQ in Homes”, ACI Home Performance Conference, Austin, TX, April 21,
2010.
Respiration: IEQ and Ventilation”, AIHce 2010, How IH Can LEED in Green buildings,
Denver, CO, May 23, 2010.
IAQ Considerations for Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)”, Northern California
Facilities Exposition, Santa Clara, CA, September 22, 2010.
Energy Conservation and Health in Buildings”, Berkeley High SchoolGreen Career
Week, Berkeley, CA, April 12, 2011.
What Pollutants are Really There ?”, ACI Home Performance Conference, San
Francisco, CA, March 30, 2011.
Energy Conservation and Health in Residences Workshop”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin,
TX, June 6, 2011.
Assessing IAQ and Improving Health in Residences”, US EPA Weatherization Plus
Health, September 7, 2011.
Ventilation: What a Long Strange Trip It’s Been”, Westcon, May 21, 2014.
Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive Exposures”, Indoor
Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014.
Infectious Disease Aerosol Exposures With and Without Surge Control Ventilation
System Modifications”, Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014.
Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes”, IMF Health and Welfare Fair, Washington,
DC, February 18, 2015.
Chemical Emissions and Health Hazards Associated with E-Cigarettes”, Roswell Park
Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, August 15, 2014.
Formaldehyde Indoor Concentrations, Material Emission Rates, and the CARB ATCM”,
Harris Martin’s Lumber Liquidators Flooring Litigation Conference, WQ Minneapolis
Hotel, May 27, 2015.
21
Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive Exposure”, FDA
Public Workshop: Electronic Cigarettes and the Public Health, Hyattsville, MD June 2,
2015.
Creating Healthy Homes, Schools, and Workplaces”, Chautauqua Institution,
Athenaeum Hotel, August 24, 2015.
Diagnosing IAQ Problems and Designing Healthy Buildings”, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, October 6, 2015.
Diagnosing Ventilation and IAQ Problems in Commercial Buildings”, BEST Center
Annual Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, January 6, 2016.
A Review of Studies of Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes and Impacts
of Environmental Factors on Formaldehyde Emission Rates From Composite Wood
Products”, AIHce2016, May, 21-26, 2016.
Admissibility of Scientific Testimony”, Science in the Court, Proposition 65
Clearinghouse Annual Conference, Oakland, CA, September 15, 2016.
Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation”, ASHRAE Redwood Empire, Napa, CA, December
1, 2016.
KLELW
2656 29th Street, Suite 201
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Matt Hagemann, P.G, C.Hg.
949) 887-9013
mhagemann@swape.com
Paul E. Rosenfeld, PhD
310) 795-2335
prosenfeld@swape.com
January 16, 2020
Michael Lozeau
Lozeau | Drury LLP
1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150
Oakland, CA 94612
Subject: Comments on the De Anza Hotel Project (SCH No. 2019079010)
Dear Mr. Lozeau,
We have reviewed the July 2019 Public Review Draft Initial Study (“IS”) for the De Anza Hotel Project
Project”) located in the City of Cupertino (“City”). The Project proposes to construct a 129,000 square
foot hotel, an 88,000 square foot subterranean parking garage, and an 18,000 square foot driveway and
surface parking lot on the 1.29-acre site.
Our review concludes that the IS fails to adequately evaluate the Project’s Air Quality, Health Risk, and
Greenhouse Gas impacts. As a result, emissions and health risk impacts associated with construction and
operation of the proposed Project are underestimated and inadequately addressed. An updated EIR
should be prepared to adequately assess and mitigate the potential air quality and health risk impacts
that the project may have on the surrounding environment.
Air Quality
Incorrect Analysis of Project Construction Emissions
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (“BAAQMD”) provides significance thresholds to evaluate
air pollutant emissions in the form of pounds per day (lbs/day). In order to compare the Project’s air
pollutant emissions to these thresholds, the IS states,
Average daily emissions are based on the annual construction emissions divided by the total
number of active construction days” (p. 4-11).
2
Thus, the IS converted the annual emissions measured in tons per year to pounds per year, and then
divided them by the number of workdays of construction. However, this is incorrect. CalEEMod provides
three types of output files – winter, summer, and annual. While the annual output files measure
emissions in tons per year, both the winter and summer output files provide emissions estimates in
pounds per day. Furthermore, CEQA requires the most conservative analysis, and the use of converted
annual CalEEMod output files may underestimate emissions. Thus, the IS’s conversion from the annual
tons per year to pounds per day was unsubstantiated and incorrect. As such, the IS should have
provided and utilized the emissions from the winter or summer CalEEMod output files in order to
compare to the BAAQMD thresholds.
Unsubstantiated Input Parameters Used to Estimate Project Emissions
The IS’s air quality analysis relies on emissions calculated with CalEEMod.2016.3.2.1 CalEEMod provides
recommended default values based on site-specific information, such as land use type, meteorological
data, total lot acreage, project type and typical equipment associated with project type. If more specific
project information is known, the user can change the default values and input project-specific values,
but the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that such changes be justified by
substantial evidence.2 Once all of the values are inputted into the model, the Project's construction and
operational emissions are calculated, and "output files" are generated. These output files disclose to the
reader what parameters were utilized in calculating the Project's air pollutant emissions and make
known which default values were changed as well as provide justification for the values selected.3
Review of the Project’s air modeling, provided in the Revised Appendix A to the IS, demonstrates that
the IS underestimates emissions associated with Project activities. As previously stated, the IS air quality
analysis relies on air pollutant emissions calculated using CalEEMod. When reviewing the Project’s
CalEEMod output files, provided as Appendix A to the IS, we found that several of the values inputted
into the model were not consistent with information disclosed in the IS. As a result, the Project’s
construction and operational emissions are underestimated. An updated EIR should be prepared to
include an updated air quality analysis that adequately evaluates the impacts that construction and
operation of the Project will have on local and regional air quality.
Underestimated Land Use Sizes
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the floor surface area values of the
proposed parking lot and hotel land uses were underestimated within the model, and as a result, the
model may underestimate the Project’s emissions.
1 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4.
2 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 1, 9.
3 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, fn 1, p. 11, 12 – 13. A key feature
of the CalEEMod program is the “remarks” feature, where the user explains why a default setting was replaced by
a “user defined” value. These remarks are included in the report.
3
According to the IS, the Project proposes to construct an 18,000-square-foot driveway and surface
parking lot (p. 3-25). However, review of the CalEEMod output files reveals that only 860-square-feet of
parking lot were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 93, 135).
Furthermore, according to the IS, the Project proposes to construct a 129,000-square-foot hotel building
p. 3-25). However, review of the CalEEMod output files reveals that only 122,256-square-feet of hotel
were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 93, 135).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the model underestimated the parking lot land use size by
approximately 17,140-square-feet and the hotel land use size by approximately 6,744-square-feet. As
previously stated, the land use type and size features are used throughout CalEEMod to determine
default variable and emission factors that go into the model’s calculations.4 The square footage of a land
use is used for certain calculations such as determining the wall space to be painted (i.e., VOC emissions
from architectural coatings) and volume that is heated or cooled (i.e., energy impacts). By
underestimating the floor surface areas of the proposed parking lot and hotel land uses, the model
underestimates the Project’s construction and operational emissions and should not be relied upon to
determine Project significance.
Unsubstantiated Reduction in Intensity Factors
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the default values for the CO2, CH4, and
N2O intensity factors were manually changed without justification. As a result, the Project’s operational
emissions may be underestimated.
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the model’s CO2 intensity factor was
artificially reduced from 641.35 to 10.84, the CH4 intensity factor was reduced from 0.029 to 0, and the
N2O intensity factor was reduced from 0.006 to 0 (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 96, 138).
4 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 18.
4
As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be
justified.5 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification
provided for this change is: “Carbon Intensity factors adjusted for Silicon Valley Clean Energy Power”
Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136). Furthermore, the IS states that Silicon Valley Clean Energy will supply
electricity to the Project site (p. 4-30). However, neither the IS nor its associated appendices provide a
citation or further justification for the updated carbon intensity factors. As a result, we cannot verify
these altered values, and the model may underestimate the Project’s emissions.
Failure to Account for Total Amount of Material Export
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the IS’s model failed to include the
total amount of material export expected to occur during Project construction. As a result, the Project’s
construction-related emissions may be underestimated.
According to the IS, “[t]he proposed Project would require up to 72,000 cubic yards of cut” (p. 3-25).
However, review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that only 71,054 cubic yards of
material export were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 137).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the model underestimates the amount of material export by 946
cubic yards. This underestimation presents an issue, as the inclusion of the entire amount of material
export within the model is necessary to calculate the emissions produced from material movement,
including truck loading and unloading, and additional hauling truck trips.6 Furthermore, despite the fact
that the IS states that the Project would require up to 72,000 cubic yards of material export, CEQA
requires the most conservative analysis. Thus, the total amount of possible material export should have
been included. As a result, emissions generated during Project construction may be underestimated by
the model.
Unsubstantiated Changes to Pieces of Construction Equipment
The IS’s CalEEMod model includes several unsubstantiated reductions to the numbers of pieces of
construction equipment. As a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s construction emissions.
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the number of several pieces of
construction equipment were reduced to zero (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 138).
5 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9
6 CalEEMod User’s Guide, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/upgrades/2016.3/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-1.pdf?sfvrsn=2, p. 3, 26.
5
As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be
justified.7 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification
provided for these changes is: “No grading soil haul equipment” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136).
However, this change is not mentioned or justified in the IS and associated appendices. As a result, we
cannot verify these reductions, and the model should not be relied upon to determine Project
significance.
Unsubstantiated Changes to Fleet Mix
The IS’s CalEEMod model includes several unsubstantiated changes to the Project’s fleet mix percentage
values, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s mobile-source operational emissions.
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that several fleet mix percentage values
were manually altered (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 137).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the fleet mix for the proposed Project was artificially changed in
the model. As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults
be justified.8 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification
provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEmod inputs fleet mix” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94).
However, the IS and associated appendices fail to mention or justify these changes. As a result, the
model may underestimate the Project’s mobile-related operational emissions.
7 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9
8 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9
6
Unsubstantiated Changes to Wastewater Treatment System Percentages
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the wastewater treatment system
percentages were manually altered (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 96, 138, 139).
As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be
justified.9 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification
provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136). However,
the IS fails to justify this statement or mention the changes. According to the CalEEMod User’s Guide,
each type of wastewater treatment system is associated with different GHG emission factors.10 Thus,
artificially altering the wastewater treatment system percentages may result in an underestimation of
the Project’s GHG emissions. As a result, the model should be relied upon to determine Project
significance.
Incorrect Indoor Water Use Rate
The indoor water use rate, used to estimate the proposed Project’s GHG emissions associated with the
supply and treatment of water, was incorrectly changed from the CalEEMod default value without
sufficient justification.11 As a result, the Project’s operational emissions may be underestimated.
According to the IS, “[t]he estimated water demand is 156 hotel rooms x 390 square foot per room x
0.50 gpd/sf for a total of 30,420 gpd” (p. 4-93). Converted, this correlates with an indoor water use rate
of 11,103,300 gallons per year (gpy).12 However, review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files
demonstrates that only 82,125 gpy were inputted into the model for the hotel land use (see excerpt
below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 138).
9 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9
10 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 45
11 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 44-45.
12 Indoor Water Use Rate = 30,420 gpd x 365 days per year = 11,103,300 gpy
7
As you can see in the excerpt above, the indoor water use rate was underestimated by approximately
11,021,175 gpy. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values
inputted must be justified.13 However, according to the IS, the indoor water use rate should have been
30,420 gpd, or 11,103,300 gpy (p. 4-93). According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data”
table, these changes are justified by stating: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 136).
However, this fails to substantiate the changes or justify a different indoor water use rate than was
specified in the IS. Thus, the CalEEMod is incorrect and underestimates the hotel land use’s indoor water
use rate.
Furthermore, while the IS provides data on the hotel land use’s indoor water use rate, the IS fails to
provide an indoor water use rate for the Project’s other proposed land uses. However, review of the
Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the indoor water use rate for the Quality Restaurant
land use was artificially altered without justification (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 138).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the indoor water use rate was manually changed for the proposed
Quality Restaurant land use. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-
default values inputted must be justified.14 However, review of the IS demonstrates that this change was
not mentioned or substantiated. As a result, we cannot verify this change and the model may
underestimate the Project’s water-related operational emissions.
Unsubstantiated Changes to Solid Waste Generation Rates
The solid waste generation rates, used to estimate the proposed Project’s operational greenhouse gas
GHG) emissions associated with the disposal of solid waste into landfills, were artificially changed from
the CalEEMod default values without sufficient justification. 15 As a result, the model may underestimate
the Project’s operational emissions.
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the proposed Project’s solid waste
generation rates were manually changed without adequate justification (see excerpt below) (Revised
Appendix A, pp. 138).
13 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13.
14 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13.
15 CalEEMod User’s Guide, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-
guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 46
8
As you can see in the excerpt above, the solid waste generation rates were artificially altered from the
default values. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values
inputted must be justified.16 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the
justification provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 136).
However, the IS fails to justify or mention these changes. As a result, these changes cannot be verified
and we find the Project’s air quality model to be unreliable for determining Project significance.
Unsubstantiated Application of Construction Mitigation Measure
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the model includes an unsubstantiated
construction mitigation measure, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s
construction-related emissions.
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files reveals that the model includes a 9% reduction of
particulate matter emissions as a result of the “Clean Paved Roads” mitigation measure (see excerpt
below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 134).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the model includes a 9% reduction off particulate matter from the
mitigation measure “Clean Paved Roads.” As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that
any non-default values inputted must be justified.17 While the IS mentions sweeping paved roads, it fails
to justify or mention the 9% reduction (p. 4-11). Furthermore, the “User Entered Comments & Non-
Default Data” table fails to justify the inclusion of this mitigation measure. Thus, the reduction cannot be
verified, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s construction emissions.
Unsubstantiated Application of Water-related Operational Mitigation Measures
Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files reveals that the model included several water-related
mitigation measures without sufficient justification, and as a result, the Project’s operational emissions
may be underestimated.
16 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13.
17 CalEEMod User Guide, p. 7, p. 13, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/caleemod/01_user-
39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4 (A key feature of the CalEEMod program is the “remarks”
feature, where the user explains why a default setting was replaced by a “user defined” value. These remarks are
included in the report.)
9
The Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrate that the Project’s emissions were modeled with
several unsubstantiated water-related mitigation measures (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A,
pp. 129).
As you can see in the excerpt above, the Project’s operational emissions were modeled including the
following water-related mitigation measures: “Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet,” “Install Low Flow
Kitchen Faucet,” “Install Low Flow Toilet,” and “Install Low Flow Shower” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 129).
As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values inputted must be
justified.18 However, the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table fails to mention or
provide a justification for the inclusion of these mitigation measures. Additionally, the IS fails to address
these mitigation measures. As a result, we cannot verify the inclusion of these measures in the model,
and the model should not be relied upon to determine Project significance.
Diesel Particulate Matter Health Risk Emissions Inadequately Evaluated
The IS conducts a construction health risk assessment (HRA) and determines that, after mitigation, the
construction-related health risk posed to the maximally exposed individual receptor (MEIR) would be
approximately 5.1 in one million (see excerpt below) (p. 4-16, Table 4-5).
However, the IS’s analysis is incorrect, as the construction HRA relies on an unsubstantiated air model
that underestimates the Project’s emissions. As a result, the IS’s construction HRA should not be relied
upon to determine the Project’s significance.
18 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-
source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13.
10
Furthermore, review of the IS demonstrates that the IS failed to conduct a quantified HRA for Project
operation, stating:
I]mplementation of the proposed project would not result in creation of land uses that would
generate substantial concentrations of TACs… Development of the proposed hotel may result in
stationary sources of TACs emissions from the restaurant’s use of charbroilers, or emergency
generators and boilers. However, these sources are not considered to be large emitters…
H]otel-related truck deliveries would be less than CARB’s recommended advisory criteria for
distribution centers (100 trucks per day)… [I]mpacts related to TACs are considered less than
significant.” (p. 4-16, 4-17).
However, these justifications and subsequent less than significant impact conclusion are incorrect. By
failing to prepare an operational HRA, the IS is inconsistent with recommendations set forth by the
Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA) most recent Risk Assessment
Guidelines: Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments, as cited by the IS (Appendix B,
p. 2). The OEHHA guidance document describes the types of projects that warrant the preparation of a
health risk assessment.19 Once construction of the Project is complete, the Project will operate for a
long period of time. During operation, the Project will generate vehicle trips, which will generate
additional exhaust emissions, thus continuing to expose nearby sensitive receptors to emissions. The
OEHHA document recommends that exposure from projects lasting more than 6 months should be
evaluated for the duration of the project, and recommends that an exposure duration of 30 years be
used to estimate individual cancer risk for the maximally exposed individual resident (MEIR).20 Even
though we were not provided with the expected lifetime of the Project, we can reasonably assume that
the Project will operate for at least 30 years, if not more. Therefore, health risks from Project operation
should have also been evaluated by the IS, as a 30-year exposure duration vastly exceeds the 6-month
requirement set forth by OEHHA. These recommendations reflect the most recent health risk policy, and
as such, an updated assessment of health risks posed to nearby sensitive receptors from Project
operation should be included in a revised CEQA evaluation for the Project.
Furthermore, the IS fails to sum the cancer risk calculated for each age group. According to OEHHA
guidance, “the excess cancer risk is calculated separately for each age grouping and then summed to
yield cancer risk at the receptor location.”21 However, review of the construction HRA conducted in the
IS demonstrates that the IS failed to sum each age bin to evaluate the total cancer risk over the course
of the Project’s lifetime. This is incorrect and thus, an updated analysis should quantify the Project’s
19 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February
2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf
20 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February
2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 8-6, 8-15.
21 “Guidance Manual for preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at:
https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 8-4
11
construction and operational health risks and then sum them to compare to the BAAQMD threshold of
10 in one million.22
In an effort to demonstrate the potential risk posed by the Project to nearby sensitive receptors, we
prepared a simple screening-level operational HRA. The results of our assessment, as described below,
demonstrate that construction and operational DPM emissions may result in a potentially significant
health risk impact that was not previously identified or evaluated within the IS.
Screening-Level Assessment Indicates Significant Impact
In an effort to demonstrate the potential health risk posed by Project construction and operation to
nearby sensitive receptors, we prepared a simple screening-level HRA. The results of our assessment, as
described below, provide substantial evidence that the Project’s construction and operational DPM
emissions may result in a potentially significant health risk impact that was not previously identified.
In order to conduct our screening level risk assessment, we relied upon AERSCREEN, which is a screening
level air quality dispersion model. 23 The model replaced SCREEN3, and AERSCREEN is included in the
OEHHA 24 and the California Air Pollution Control Officers Associated (CAPCOA) 25 guidance as the
appropriate air dispersion model for Level 2 health risk screening assessments (“HRSAs”). A Level 2 HRSA
utilizes a limited amount of site-specific information to generate maximum reasonable downwind
concentrations of air contaminants to which nearby sensitive receptors may be exposed. If an
unacceptable air quality hazard is determined to be possible using AERSCREEN, a more refined modeling
approach is required prior to approval of the Project.
We prepared a preliminary HRA of the Project’s construction and operational health-related impacts to
sensitive receptors using the annual PM10 exhaust estimates from the SWAPE annual CalEEMod output
files. According to the IS, there is a residential receptor located approximately 225 feet, or 69 meters,
east of the Project site (p. 4-60, Table 4-7). However, review of Google Earth demonstrates that there
are sensitive receptors roughly 50 meters east of the Project site. Consistent with recommendations set
forth by OEHHA, as cited by the IS, we assumed that residential exposure begins during the third
trimester stage of life. The SWAPE construction CalEEMod output files indicate that construction
activities will generate approximately 127 pounds of DPM over the approximately 592-day construction
period. The AERSCREEN model relies on a continuous average emission rate to simulate maximum
downward concentrations from point, area, and volume emission sources. To account for the variability
in equipment usage and truck trips over Project construction, we calculated an average DPM emission
rate by the following equation:
22 “California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines.” BAAQMD, May 2017, available at:
http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en
23 “AERSCREEN Released as the EPA Recommended Screening Model,” USEPA, April 11, 2011, available at:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance/clarification/20110411_AERSCREEN_Release_Memo.pdf
24 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February
2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf
25 “Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects,” CAPCOA, July 2009, available at:
http://www.capcoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/CAPCOA_HRA_LU_Guidelines_8-6-09.pdf
12
126.
6
592
453.6 1
24
1
3,600
Using this equation,
we estimated a construction emission rate of 0.001123 grams per second (g/s). Subtracting the 592-
day construction duration from the total residential duration of 30 years, we assumed that after
Project construction, the MEIR would be exposed to the Project’s operational DPM for an additional
28.4 years approximately. SWAPE’s updated operational CalEEMod emissions indicate that operational activities
will generate approximately 81 pounds of DPM per year throughout operation. Applying the
same equation used to estimate the construction DPM rate, we estimated the following emission rate
for Project operation:
80.
8 365
453.
6
1
24
1
3,
600
Using this
equation, we estimated an
operational emission rate of 0.00116 g/s. Construction and operational activity was simulated as a
1.29-acre rectangular area source in AERSCREEN with dimensions of 95 meters by 55 meters.
A release height of three meters was selected to represent the height of exhaust stacks on operational equipment and
other heavy-duty vehicles, and an initial vertical dimension of one and a half
meters was used to simulate instantaneous plume dispersion upon release. An urban meteorological setting was selected
with model-default inputs for wind speed and direction distribution. The AERSCREEN model generates maximum
reasonable
estimates of single-hour DPM concentrations from the Project site. EPA guidance
suggests that in screening procedures, the annualized average concentration of an air pollutant be
estimated by multiplying the single-hour concentration by 10%.26 As previously stated, there are residential receptors
located approximately 50 meters from the Project boundary. The single-hour concentration estimated
by AERSCREEN for Project construction is approximately 5.141 g/m3 DPM
at approximately 50 meters downwind. Multiplying this single-hour concentration by 10%, we get an
annualized average concentration of 0.5141 g/m3 for Project construction at the nearest sensitive receptor.
For Project operation, the single-hour concentration estimated by AERSCREEN is 5.321
g/m3 DPM at approximately 25 meters downwind. Multiplying this single-hour concentration by 10%, we
get an annualized average concentration of 0.5321 g/m3 for Project operation at the nearest sensitive
receptor. We calculated the excess cancer risk
to the residential receptors located closest to the Project site using applicable HRA methodologies prescribed by OEHHA
and the BAAQMD. Consistent with the construction schedule proposed by the IS’s
CalEEMod output files, the annualized average concentration for construction was used for the entire
third trimester of pregnancy (0.25 years) and the first 1.37 years of the infantile stage of life (0 –
2 years). The annualized average concentration for operation was used for 26 “Screening Procedures for Estimating the
Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources Revised.” EPA, 1992, available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/
scram/guidance/guide/EPA-454R-92-019_OCR.pdf; see also “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of
Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/
crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 4-36.
13
the remainder of the 30-year exposure period, which makes up the remainder of the infantile stage of
life (2 – 16 years), child stage of life (2 – 16 years) and adult stage of life (16 – 30 years). Consistent with
the methodology utilized by the IS, we utilized age sensitivity factors (Appendix B, p. 2). Thus, we
multiplied the quantified cancer risk by a factor of ten during the third trimester of pregnancy and
during the first two years of life (infant) and by a factor of three during the child stage of life (2 to 16
years). Furthermore, in accordance with guidance set forth by OEHHA, we used the 95th percentile
breathing rates for infants.27 Finally, according to BAAQMD guidance, we used a Fraction of Time At
Home (FAH) value of 0.85 for the 3rd trimester and infant receptors, 0.72 for child receptors, and 0.73
for the adult receptors.28 We used a cancer potency factor of 1.1 (mg/kg-day)-1 and an averaging time of
25,550 days. Consistent with OEHHA guidance, exposure to the sensitive receptor was assumed to begin
in the third trimester to provide the most conservative estimate of air quality hazards. The results of our
calculations are shown below.
The Closest Exposed Individual at an Existing Residential Receptor
Activity
Duration
years)
Concentration
ug/m3)
Breathing
Rate (L/kg-
day)
ASF
Cancer Risk
with ASFs*
Construction 0.25 0.5141 361 10 5.9E-06
3rd Trimester
Duration
0.25
3rd
Trimester
Exposure
5.9E-06
Construction 1.37 0.5141 1090 10 9.8E-05
Operation 0.63 0.5321 1090 10 4.7E-05
Infant Exposure
Duration
2.00
Infant
Exposure
1.5E-04
Operation 14.00 0.5321 572 3 1.4E-04
Child Exposure
Duration
14.00
Child
Exposure
1.4E-04
Operation 14.00 0.5321 261 1 2.1E-05
Adult Exposure
Duration
14.00
Adult
Exposure
2.1E-05
Lifetime Exposure
Duration
30.00
Lifetime
Exposure
3.1E-04
27 “Supplemental Guidelines for Preparing Risk Assessments for the Air Toxics ‘Hot Spots’ Information and
Assessment Act,” June 5, 2015, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/planning/risk-
assessment/ab2588-risk-assessment-guidelines.pdf?sfvrsn=6, p. 19.
Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February
2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf
28 “Air Toxics NSR Program Health Risk Assessment (HRA) Guidelines.” BAAQMD, January 2016, available at:
http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/rules-and-regs/workshops/2016/reg-2-5/hra-
guidelines_clean_jan_2016-pdf.pdf?la=en
14
As indicated in the table above, the excess cancer risk posed to adults, children, infants, and during the
third trimester of pregnancy at the closest receptor, located approximately 50 meters away, over the
course of Project construction and operation, are approximately 21, 140, 150, and 5.9 in one million,
respectively. The excess cancer risk over the course of a residential lifetime (30 years) at the closest
receptor is approximately 310 in one million, thus resulting in a potentially significant health risk impact
not previously addressed or identified by the IS.
An agency must include an analysis of health risks that connects the Project’s air emissions with the
health risk posed by those emissions. Our analysis represents a screening-level HRA, which is known to
be conservative and tends to err on the side of health protection. 29 The purpose of the screening-level
construction HRA shown above is to demonstrate the link between the proposed Project’s emissions
and the potential health risk. Our screening-level HRA demonstrates that construction of the Project
could result in a potentially significant health risk impact, when correct exposure assumptions and up-
to-date, applicable guidance are used. Therefore, since our screening-level construction HRA indicates a
potentially significant impact, the City should prepare an EIR with a revised HRA which makes a
reasonable effort to connect the Project’s air quality emissions and the potential health risks posed to
nearby receptors. Thus, the City should prepare an updated, quantified air pollution model as well as an
updated, quantified refined health risk assessment which adequately and accurately evaluates health
risk impacts associated with both Project construction and operation.
Greenhouse Gas
Failure to Adequately Evaluate Greenhouse Gas Impacts
The IS concludes that the Project’s emissions would exceed the BAAQMD bright line threshold, and
subsequently proposes mitigation. Specifically, the IS states:
Because the project’s net increase in long-term emissions of 1,272 MTCO2e exceeds BAAQMD’s
bright-line threshold of 1,100 MTCO2e per year... the following mitigation measure is proposed”
p. 4-39).
The IS goes on to state:
As a result of implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1, emissions from the proposed
project would not exceed the BAAQMD’s bright-line threshold. Therefore, the impact would be
less than significant” (p. 4-39).
Finally, the Project evaluates the Project’s consistency with the CARB Scoping Plan, the Plan Bay Area
2040, and Cupertino’s CAP in order to determine that the Project would have a less than significant
impact (p. 4-40). Thus, the IS relies upon the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1 to reduce
the Project’s GHG impact to a less than significant level, as well as consistency with the above-
mentioned plans.
29 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February
2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf, p. 1-5
15
However, this analysis and subsequent less than significant impact conclusion is incorrect for several
reasons.
1) The CARB Scoping Plan and the Plan Bay Area cannot be relied upon to determine Project
significance;
2) The Project fails to demonstrate consistency with the Cupertino CAP;
3) The IS’s incorrect and unsubstantiated analysis indicates a potentially significant GHG impact;
and,
4) Updated analysis indicates significant impact.
1) The CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay Area are not CAPs
The IS determines that the Project demonstrates consistency with the CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay
Area. However, these policies do not qualify as Climate Action Plans (CAPs). CEQA Guidelines §
15064.4(b)(3) allows a lead agency to consider “[t]he extent to which the project complies with
regulations or requirements adopted to implement a statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction
or mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (see, e.g., section 15183.5(b)).” (Emph. added). When
adopting this language, the California Natural Resources Agency (“Resources Agency”) explained in its
2018 Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action (“2018 Statement of Reason”)30 that it explicitly
added referenced to section 15183.5(b) because it was “needed to clarify that lead agencies may rely on
plans prepared pursuant to section 15183.5 in evaluating a project’s [GHG] emissions … [and] consistent
with the Agency’s Final Statement of Reasons for the addition of section 15064.4, which states that
proposed section 15064.4 is intended to be read in conjunction with . . . proposed section 15183.5.
Those sections each indicate that local and regional plans may be developed to reduce GHG emissions.’”
2018 Final Statement of Reason, p. 19 (emph. added); see also 2009 Final Statement of Reasons for
Regulatory Action, p. 27.31 When read in conjunction, CEQA Guidelines §§ 15064.4(b)(3) and
15183.5(b)(1) make clear qualified GHG reduction plans (also commonly referred to as a Climate Action
Plan [“CAP”]) should include the following features:
1) Inventory: Quantify GHG emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period,
resulting from activities (e.g., projects) within a defined geographic area (e.g., lead agency
jurisdiction);
2) Establish GHG Reduction Goal: Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which
the contribution to GHG emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be
cumulatively considerable;
3) Analyze Project Types: Identify and analyze the GHG emissions resulting from specific actions
or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area;
30 Resources Agency (Nov. 2018) Final Statement of Reasons For Regulatory Action: Amendments To The State
CEQA Guidelines, http://resources.ca.gov/ceqa/docs/2018_CEQA_Final_Statement_of%20Reasons_111218.pdf.
31 Resources Agency (Dec. 2009) Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action, p. 27 (“Those sections each
indicate that local and regional plans may be developed to reduce GHG emissions. If such plans reduce
community-wide emissions to a level that is less than significant, a later project that complies with the
requirements in such a plan may be found to have a less than significant impact.”), http://resources.ca.gov/ceqa/
docs/Final_Statement_of_Reasons.pdf.
16
4) Craft Performance Based Mitigation Measures: Specify measures or a group of measures,
including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a
project-by-project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level;
5) Monitoring: Establish a mechanism to monitor the CAP progress toward achieving said level
and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving specified levels;
The above-listed CAP features provide the necessary substantial evidence demonstrating a project’s
incremental contribution is not cumulative considerable, as required under CEQA Guidelines §
15064.4(b)(3).32 Here, however, the IS fails to demonstrate that the plans and policies include the
above-listed requirements to be considered a qualified CAP for the City. As such, the IS leaves an
analytical gap showing that compliance with said plans can be used for a project-level significance
determination. Thus, the IS’s GHG analysis regarding the CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay Area should
not be relied upon to determine Project significance.
2) The Cupertino CAP Cannot be Relied upon to Determine Project Significance;
As discussed above, the IS relies on the Project’s consistency with the Cupertino CAP to determine that
the Project’s GHG impact would be less than significant. Specifically, the IS states,
Development in the Cupertino, including the proposed project, is required to adhere to City-
adopted policy provisions, including those contained in the adopted CAP. The City ensures that
the provisions of the Cupertino CAP are incorporated into projects and their permits through
development review and applications of conditions of approval as applicable. Therefore, the
impact would be less than significant” (p. 4-43).
However, the CAP fails to provide specific, project-level measures. Instead, the CAP provides
community-wide” measures with quantified GHG reduction potentials. Regardless, the IS fails to
demonstrate consistency with all of the CAP’s “community-wide” measures and associated GHG
reduction potentials (see table below).
32 See Mission Bay Alliance v. Office of Community Investment & Infrastructure (2016) 6 Cal.App.5th 160, 200-201
Upheld qualitative GHG analysis when based on city’s adopted its greenhouse gas strategy that contained
multiple elements” of CEQA Guidelines § 15183.5(b), “quantification of [city’s] baseline levels of [GHG] emissions
and planned reductions[,]” approved by the regional air district, and “[a]t the heart” of the city’s greenhouse gas
strategy was “specific regulations” and measures to be implemented on a “project-by-project basis … designed to
achieve the specified citywide emission level.”).
17
Measure IS Consistency
Cupertino CAP
Community-Wide Measures
Measure C-E-1 Energy Use Data and Analysis
Increase resident and building
owner/tenant/operator knowledge about how,
when, and where building energy is used.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 850 MT CO2e/yr
Here, the IS fails to address
owner/tenant/operator knowledge about how,
when, and where building energy is used. The IS
also fails to address any quantified GHG
reductions or potential for future reductions.
Measure C-E-2 Retrofit Financing
Promote existing and support development of
new private financing options for home and
commercial building retrofits and renewable
energy development.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 10,525 MT
CO2e/yr
Here, the IS fails to address new or existing
private financing options for home and
commercial building retrofits and renewable
energy development. The IS also fails to address
any quantified GHG reductions or potential for
future reductions.
Measure C-E-3 Home & Commercial Building
Retrofit Outreach
Develop aggressive outreach program to drive
voluntary participation in energy- and water-
efficiency retrofits.
Supporting Measure
Here, the IS fails to address outreach programs to
drive voluntary participation in energy- and
water-efficiency retrofits.
Measure C-E-4 Energy Assurance & Resiliency
Plan
Develop a long-term community-wide energy
conservation plan that considers future
opportunities to influence building energy
efficiency through additional or enhanced
building regulations.
Supporting Measure
Here, the IS fails to address a long-term
community-wide energy conservation plan. The IS
also fails to mention future opportunities to
influence building energy efficiency through
additional or enhanced building regulations.
18
Measure C-E-5 Community-Wide Solar
Photovoltaic Development
Encourage voluntary community-wide solar
photovoltaic development through regulatory
barrier reduction and public outreach campaigns.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 4,400 MT CO2e/yr
Here, while the IS mentions the potential for
solar panels on the roof level, it fails to quantify
these emissions or mention voluntary
community-wide photovoltaic development
through regulatory barrier reduction and public
outreach campaigns (p. 3-13). The IS also fails to
address any quantified GHG reductions or
potential for future reductions.
Measure C-E-6 Community-Wide Solar Hot
Water Development
Encourage communitywide solar hot water
development through regulatory barrier reduction
and public outreach campaigns.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 925 MT CO2e/yr
Here, the IS fails to mention solar hot water
development through regulatory barrier
reduction and public outreach campaigns. The IS
also fails to address any quantified GHG
reductions or potential for future reductions.
Measure C-E-7 Community Choice Energy
Option
Partner with other Santa Clara County
jurisdictions to evaluate the development of a
regional CCE option, including identification of the
geographic scope, potential costs to participating
jurisdictions and residents, and potential
liabilities.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 56,875 MT
CO2e/yr
Here, the IS fails to mention partnering with
other Santa Clara County jurisdictions or
evaluating the development of a regional CCE
option. The IS also fails to address the
identification of the geographic scope, potential
costs to participating jurisdictions and
residentials, or potential liabilities. The IS also
fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or
potential for future reductions.
Measure C-T-2 Bikeshare Program
Explore feasibility of developing local bikeshare
program.
Supporting Measure
Here, while the IS discusses bicycle facilities in the
vicinity of the proposed Project and mentions
that the Project would not conflict with the City’s
Bike Plan, the IS fails to address a bikeshare
program (p. 4-83).
19
Measure C-T-3 Transportation Demand
Management
Provide informational resources to local
businesses subject to SB 1339 transportation
demand management program requirements and
encourage additional voluntary participation in
the program.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 2,375 MT CO2e/yr
Here, while the IS addresses a TDM program, the
IS fails to mention SB 1339, informational
resources, or encouraging additional voluntary
participation in the program (p. 3-22). The IS also
fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or
potential for future reductions.
Measure C-T-5 Transit Priority
Improve transit service reliability and speed.
Supporting Measure
Here, while the IS mentions local transit, it fails to
discuss any improvements of transit service
reliability and speed (p. 4-77).
Measure C-T-6 Transit-Oriented Development
Continue to encourage development that takes
advantage of its location near local transit
options (e.g., major bus stops) through higher
densities and intensities to increase ridership
potential.
Supporting Measure
Here, while the IS mentions transit, it fails to
discuss encouraging development that takes
advantage of its location near local transit
options (p. 4-77). The IS also fails to address
encouraging higher densities and intensities to
increase ridership potential.
Measure C-T-7 Community-Wide Alternative
Fuel Vehicles
Encourage community-wide use of alternative
fuel vehicles through expansion of alternative
vehicle refueling infrastructure.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 10,225 MT
CO2e/yr
Here, the IS fails to mention encouraging
community-wide use of alternative fuel vehicles
or alternative fuel refueling infrastructure. The IS
also fails to address any quantified GHG
reductions or potential for future reductions.
20
Measure C-SW-2 Food Scrap and Compostable
Paper Diversion
Continue to promote the collection of food scraps
and compostable paper through the City’s
organics collection program.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 750 MT CO2e/yr
Here, while the IS mentions the existing
composting program, it fails to specifically
address food scraps or compostable paper (p. 3-
24). The IS also fails to mention the City’s
organics collection program. Finally, the IS also
fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or
potential for future reductions.
Measure C-SW-3 Construction & Demolition
Waste Diversion Program
Continue to enforce diversion requirements in
City’s Construction & Demolition Debris Diversion
and Green Building Ordinances.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 550 MT CO2e/yr
Here, the IS states: “[T]he City’s Zero Waste
Policy also requires that all private construction
projects that come through the City’s permitting
process, and all City projects (through contract
requirements), to recover and divert at least 65
percent of the construction waste generated by
the project. Compliance with applicable statutes
and regulations would ensure that the impact
would be less than significant, and no mitigation
measures would be required” (p. 4-97, 4-98).
However, the IS fails to address any quantified
GHG reductions. Furthermore, the IS failed to
address how the City’s policy would be enforced
by the Project.
Measure C-G-1 Urban Forest Program
Support development and maintenance of a
healthy, vibrant urban forest through outreach,
incentives, and strategic leadership.
2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 725 MT CO2e/yr
Here, the IS states: “The City recognizes
that every tree on both public and private
property is an important part of Cupertino's
urban forest and contributes significant
economic, environmental and aesthetic benefits
of the community. All 11 existing trees will
remain on the project site as part of the proposed
project. The existing tree species are not native to
California, nor indigenous to the project site” (p.
4-21). However, the IS fails to address any
quantified GHG reductions resulting from this
measure. Furthermore, simply maintaining the
existing trees on the site does not constitute
supporting the development and maintenance of
a healthy, vibrant urban forest. Finally, there is no
mention of the use of outreach, incentives, or
strategic leadership to achieve this measure.
3) Incorrect and Unsubstantiated Analysis Demonstrates Significant GHG Impact
As discussed above, the IS reports that the Project would result in annual GHG emissions of 1,272 MT
CO2e/year (MT CO2e/yr) and concluded that, with the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1,
21
emissions from the Project would not exceed the BAAQMD bright-line threshold of 1,000 MT CO2e/year
p. 4-39). However, this conclusion is incorrect for two reasons.
First, the IS’s GHG analysis relies on an incorrect and unsubstantiated air model, as discussed above. This
is incorrect, as the model underestimates the Project’s GHG emissions.
Second, the IS cannot assume that the implementation of one mitigation measure would reduce the
Project’s GHG emissions to a less than significant level without quantifying impacts. Without any sort of
quantified analysis of the mitigation measure and its associated reductions, the IS cannot claim a less
than significant impact simply based on one mitigation measure. Until the City adequately quantifies the
Project’s GHG emissions, including the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1, and demonstrates
that the Project’s GHG emissions would not exceed relevant BAAQMD thresholds, there is not
substantial evidence that the Project’s GHG impact would be less than significant.
4) Updated Analysis Indicates Significant Impact
Applicable thresholds and site-specific modeling demonstrate that the Project may result in a potentially
significant GHG impact. The updated CalEEMod output files, modeled by SWAPE with Project-specific
information, disclose the Project’s mitigated emissions, which include approximately 1,046 MT CO2e of
total construction emissions (sum of emissions from 2020, 2021, and 2022) and approximately 2,248 MT
CO2e/year of annual operational emissions (sum of area, energy, mobile, stationary, waste, and water-
related emissions from both on-site and off-site operations). When we compare the total Project’s GHG
emissions, including construction emissions amortized over 30 years and operational emissions, to the
BAAQMD bright-line threshold of 1,100 MT CO2e/year,33 we find that the Project’s GHG emissions
exceed the threshold (see table below).
SWAPE Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Project Phase
Proposed
Project (MT
CO2e/year)
Construction (amortized over 30 years) 34.85
Area 0.01
Energy 974.49
Mobile 1,183.11
Waste 47.71
Water 42.52
Total 2,282.69
Threshold 1,100
Exceed? Yes
33 “California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines.” BAAQMD, May 2017, available at:
http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en, p.
2-4.
22
As demonstrated in the table above, the proposed Project would generate a total of approximately
2,283 MT CO2e/year when modeled correctly, which exceeds the BAAQMD’s 1,100 MT CO2e/year
threshold. Hence, a Tier 4 analysis is warranted. According to CAPCOA’s CEQA & Climate Change report,
service population is defined as “the sum of the number of residents and the number of jobs supported
by the project.”34 Review of the IS demonstratres that the Project would result in no new residents and
78 new jobs (p. 1-4). Thus, the Project is estimated to have a service population of 78. When dividing the
Project’s GHG emissions by a service population value of 78 people, we find that the Project would emit
approximately 29.3 MT CO2e/SP/year.35 This exceeds the BAAQMD 2030 substantial progress threshold
of 2.6 MT CO2e/SP/year (see table below).
SWAPE Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Project Phase
Proposed Project
MT CO2e/year)
Annual Emissions 2,282.69
Service Population 78
Service Population Efficiency 29.3
Threshold 2.6
Exceed? Yes
As the table above demonstrates, when correct input parameters are used to model Project emissions,
the Project’s total GHG emissions exceed the “Substantial Progress” efficiency threshold for 2030 of 2.6
MT CO2e/SP/year, thus resulting in a significant impact not previously assessed or identified in the IS. As
a result, an updated GHG analysis should be prepared in a Project-specific EIR and additional mitigation
should be incorporated into the Project.
SWAPE has received limited discovery regarding this project. Additional information may become
available in the future; thus, we retain the right to revise or amend this report when additional
information becomes available. Our professional services have been performed using that degree of
care and skill ordinarily exercised, under similar circumstances, by reputable environmental consultants
practicing in this or similar localities at the time of service. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is
made as to the scope of work, work methodologies and protocols, site conditions, analytical testing
results, and findings presented. This report reflects efforts which were limited to information that was
reasonably accessible at the time of the work, and may contain informational gaps, inconsistencies, or
otherwise be incomplete due to the unavailability or uncertainty of information obtained or provided by
third parties.
34 CAPCOA (Jan. 2008) CEQA & Climate Change, p. 71-72, http://www.capcoa.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/03/CAPCOA-White-Paper.pdf.
35 Calculated: (2,283 MT CO2e/year) / (78 service population) = (29.3 MT CO2e/SP/year).
23
Sincerely,
Matt Hagemann, P.G., C.Hg.
Paul E. Rosenfeld, Ph.D.
AERSCREEN 16216 AERMOD 19191 01/16/20
13:43:40
TITLE:De Anza Construction
AREA PARAMETERS
SOURCE EMISSION RATE:0.112E02 g/s 0.891E02 lb/hr
AREA EMISSION RATE:0.215E06 g/(sm2)0.171E05 lb/(hrm2)
AREA HEIGHT:3.00 meters 9.84 feet
AREA SOURCE LONG SIDE:95.00 meters 311.68 feet
AREA SOURCE SHORT SIDE:55.00 meters 180.45 feet
INITIAL VERTICAL DIMENSION:1.50 meters 4.92 feet
RURAL OR URBAN:URBAN
POPULATION:60777
INITIAL PROBE DISTANCE 5000.meters 16404.feet
BUILDING DOWNWASH PARAMETERS
BUILDING DOWNWASH NOT USED FOR NONPOINT SOURCES
FLOW SECTOR ANALYSIS
25 meter receptor spacing:1.meters 5000.meters
MAXIMUM IMPACT RECEPTOR
Zo SURFACE 1HR CONC RADIAL DIST TEMPORAL
SECTOR ROUGHNESS ug/m3)deg)m)PERIOD
1*1.000 5.141 15 50.0 WIN
worst case diagonal
MAKEMET METEOROLOGY PARAMETERS
MIN/MAX TEMPERATURE:250.0 310.0 K)
MINIMUM WIND SPEED:0.5 m/s
ANEMOMETER HEIGHT:10.000 meters
SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS INPUT:AERMET SEASONAL TABLES
DOMINANT SURFACE PROFILE:Urban
DOMINANT CLIMATE TYPE:Average Moisture
DOMINANT SEASON:Winter
ALBEDO:0.35
BOWEN RATIO:1.50
ROUGHNESS LENGTH:1.000 meters)
SURFACE FRICTION VELOCITY U*)NOT ADUSTED
METEOROLOGY CONDITIONS USED TO PREDICT OVERALL MAXIMUM IMPACT
YR MO DY JDY HR
10 01 10 10 01
H0 U*W*DT/DZ ZICNV ZIMCH MO LEN Z0 BOWEN ALBEDO REF WS
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50
HT REF TA HT
10.0 310.0 2.0
AERSCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES
OVERALL MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS BY DISTANCE
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
DIST 1HR CONC DIST 1HR CONC
m)ug/m3)m)ug/m3)
1.00 3.727 2525.00 0.2584E01
25.00 4.568 2550.00 0.2549E01
50.00 5.141 2575.00 0.2516E01
75.00 3.111 2600.00 0.2483E01
100.00 2.086 2625.00 0.2450E01
125.00 1.546 2650.00 0.2419E01
150.00 1.209 2675.00 0.2388E01
175.00 0.9812 2700.00 0.2358E01
200.00 0.8187 2725.00 0.2328E01
225.00 0.6976 2750.00 0.2299E01
250.00 0.6050 2775.00 0.2271E01
275.00 0.5312 2800.00 0.2243E01
300.00 0.4719 2824.99 0.2216E01
325.00 0.4233 2850.00 0.2189E01
350.00 0.3827 2875.00 0.2163E01
375.00 0.3484 2900.00 0.2138E01
400.00 0.3191 2925.00 0.2113E01
425.00 0.2939 2950.00 0.2088E01
450.00 0.2717 2975.00 0.2064E01
475.00 0.2524 3000.00 0.2041E01
500.00 0.2353 3025.00 0.2018E01
525.00 0.2202 3050.00 0.1995E01
550.00 0.2067 3075.00 0.1973E01
575.00 0.1946 3100.00 0.1951E01
600.00 0.1836 3125.00 0.1930E01
625.00 0.1737 3150.00 0.1909E01
650.00 0.1646 3175.00 0.1889E01
675.00 0.1563 3199.99 0.1868E01
700.00 0.1487 3225.00 0.1849E01
725.00 0.1417 3250.00 0.1829E01
750.00 0.1353 3275.00 0.1810E01
775.00 0.1294 3300.00 0.1791E01
800.00 0.1239 3325.00 0.1773E01
825.00 0.1188 3350.00 0.1755E01
850.00 0.1141 3375.00 0.1737E01
875.00 0.1097 3400.00 0.1720E01
900.00 0.1055 3425.00 0.1703E01
925.00 0.1017 3450.00 0.1686E01
950.00 0.9806E01 3475.00 0.1669E01
975.00 0.9465E01 3500.00 0.1653E01
1000.00 0.9201E01 3525.00 0.1637E01
1025.00 0.8894E01 3550.00 0.1621E01
1050.00 0.8605E01 3575.00 0.1606E01
1075.00 0.8331E01 3600.00 0.1590E01
1100.00 0.8072E01 3625.00 0.1575E01
1125.00 0.7827E01 3650.00 0.1561E01
1150.00 0.7594E01 3675.00 0.1546E01
1175.00 0.7373E01 3700.00 0.1532E01
1200.00 0.7163E01 3725.00 0.1518E01
1225.00 0.6963E01 3750.00 0.1504E01
1250.00 0.6773E01 3775.00 0.1490E01
1275.00 0.6592E01 3800.00 0.1477E01
1300.00 0.6418E01 3825.00 0.1464E01
1325.00 0.6253E01 3850.00 0.1451E01
1350.00 0.6094E01 3875.00 0.1438E01
1375.00 0.5943E01 3900.00 0.1425E01
1400.00 0.5798E01 3925.00 0.1413E01
1425.00 0.5659E01 3950.00 0.1401E01
1450.00 0.5525E01 3975.00 0.1389E01
1475.00 0.5397E01 4000.00 0.1377E01
1500.00 0.5274E01 4025.00 0.1365E01
1525.00 0.5156E01 4050.00 0.1354E01
1550.00 0.5043E01 4075.00 0.1342E01
1574.99 0.4933E01 4100.00 0.1331E01
1600.00 0.4828E01 4125.00 0.1320E01
1625.00 0.4726E01 4149.99 0.1309E01
1650.00 0.4628E01 4175.00 0.1298E01
1675.00 0.4534E01 4200.00 0.1288E01
1700.00 0.4443E01 4225.00 0.1278E01
1725.00 0.4355E01 4250.00 0.1267E01
1750.00 0.4270E01 4275.00 0.1257E01
1775.00 0.4188E01 4300.00 0.1247E01
1800.00 0.4108E01 4325.00 0.1237E01
1824.99 0.4031E01 4350.00 0.1228E01
1850.00 0.3957E01 4375.00 0.1218E01
1875.00 0.3885E01 4400.00 0.1209E01
1900.00 0.3815E01 4425.00 0.1199E01
1924.99 0.3747E01 4450.00 0.1190E01
1950.00 0.3681E01 4475.00 0.1181E01
1975.00 0.3618E01 4500.00 0.1172E01
2000.00 0.3556E01 4525.00 0.1163E01
2025.00 0.3496E01 4550.00 0.1154E01
2050.00 0.3438E01 4575.00 0.1146E01
2075.00 0.3381E01 4600.00 0.1137E01
2100.00 0.3326E01 4625.00 0.1129E01
2125.00 0.3273E01 4650.00 0.1121E01
2150.00 0.3221E01 4675.00 0.1112E01
2175.00 0.3170E01 4700.00 0.1104E01
2200.00 0.3121E01 4725.00 0.1096E01
2224.99 0.3073E01 4750.00 0.1088E01
2250.00 0.3026E01 4775.00 0.1081E01
2275.00 0.2981E01 4800.00 0.1073E01
2300.00 0.2936E01 4825.00 0.1065E01
2325.00 0.2893E01 4850.00 0.1058E01
2350.00 0.2851E01 4875.00 0.1050E01
2375.00 0.2810E01 4899.99 0.1043E01
2399.99 0.2770E01 4925.00 0.1036E01
2425.00 0.2731E01 4950.00 0.1029E01
2449.99 0.2693E01 4975.00 0.1022E01
2475.00 0.2656E01 5000.00 0.1015E01
2500.00 0.2620E01
AERSCREEN MAXIMUM IMPACT SUMMARY
3hour,8hour,and 24hour scaled
concentrations are equal to the 1hour concentration as referenced in
SCREENING PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING THE AIR QUALITY
IMPACT OF STATIONARY SOURCES,REVISED Section 4.5.4)
Report number EPA454/R92019
http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance_permit.htm
under Screening Guidance
MAXIMUM SCALED SCALED SCALED SCALED
1HOUR 3HOUR 8HOUR 24HOUR ANNUAL
CALCULATION CONC CONC CONC CONC CONC
PROCEDURE ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)
FLAT TERRAIN 5.141 5.141 5.141 5.141 N/A
DISTANCE FROM SOURCE 50.00 meters
IMPACT AT THE
AMBIENT BOUNDARY 3.727 3.727 3.727 3.727 N/A
DISTANCE FROM SOURCE 1.00 meters
Concentration Distance Elevation Diag Season/Month Zo sector Date
H0 U*W*DT/DZ ZICNV ZIMCH MO LEN Z0 BOWEN ALBEDO REF WS HT
REF TA HT
0.37267E+01 1.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.45676E+01 25.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.51414E+01 50.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31110E+01 75.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20861E+01 100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15458E+01 125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12090E+01 150.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.98121E+00 175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.81873E+00 200.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.69761E+00 225.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.60502E+00 250.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.53118E+00 275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.47191E+00 300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.42332E+00 325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.38268E+00 350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.34844E+00 375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31912E+00 400.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29388E+00 425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27173E+00 450.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25239E+00 475.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23531E+00 500.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22017E+00 525.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20667E+00 550.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19456E+00 575.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18359E+00 600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17366E+00 625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16458E+00 650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15629E+00 675.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14871E+00 700.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14175E+00 725.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13535E+00 750.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12942E+00 775.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12393E+00 800.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11883E+00 825.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11409E+00 850.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10967E+00 875.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10555E+00 900.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10168E+00 925.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.98055E01 950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.94654E01 975.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.92009E01 1000.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.88941E01 1025.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.86046E01 1050.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.83310E01 1075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.80721E01 1100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.78269E01 1125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.75943E01 1150.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.73733E01 1175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.71634E01 1200.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.69635E01 1225.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.67731E01 1250.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.65915E01 1275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.64183E01 1300.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.62527E01 1325.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.60944E01 1350.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.59429E01 1375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.57979E01 1400.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.56588E01 1425.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.55254E01 1450.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.53974E01 1475.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.52745E01 1500.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.51563E01 1525.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.50426E01 1550.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.49332E01 1574.99 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.48278E01 1600.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.47263E01 1625.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.46284E01 1650.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.45340E01 1675.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.44428E01 1700.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.43548E01 1725.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.42698E01 1750.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.41876E01 1775.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.41081E01 1800.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.40312E01 1824.99 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.39567E01 1850.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.38846E01 1875.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.38148E01 1900.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.37470E01 1924.99 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.36814E01 1950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.36177E01 1975.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.35559E01 2000.00 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.34959E01 2025.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.34376E01 2050.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.33810E01 2075.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.33260E01 2100.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.32725E01 2125.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.32205E01 2150.00 0.00 30.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31699E01 2175.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31207E01 2200.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.30728E01 2224.99 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.30261E01 2250.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29806E01 2275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29364E01 2300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28932E01 2325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28511E01 2350.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28101E01 2375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27701E01 2399.99 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27311E01 2425.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26930E01 2449.99 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26558E01 2475.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26195E01 2500.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25841E01 2525.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25495E01 2550.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25156E01 2575.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24826E01 2600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24503E01 2625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24187E01 2650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23878E01 2675.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23576E01 2700.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23280E01 2725.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22991E01 2750.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22708E01 2775.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22431E01 2800.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22160E01 2824.99 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21894E01 2850.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21634E01 2875.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21379E01 2900.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21129E01 2925.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20885E01 2950.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20645E01 2975.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20410E01 3000.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20179E01 3025.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19953E01 3050.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19731E01 3075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19514E01 3100.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19300E01 3125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19091E01 3150.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18886E01 3175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18684E01 3199.99 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18486E01 3225.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18292E01 3250.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18101E01 3275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17914E01 3300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17730E01 3325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17549E01 3350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17371E01 3375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17197E01 3400.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17025E01 3425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16857E01 3450.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16691E01 3475.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16528E01 3500.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16368E01 3525.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16210E01 3550.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16055E01 3575.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15903E01 3600.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15753E01 3625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15606E01 3650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15461E01 3675.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15318E01 3700.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15177E01 3725.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15039E01 3750.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14903E01 3775.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14769E01 3800.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14637E01 3825.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14507E01 3850.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14379E01 3875.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14253E01 3900.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14129E01 3925.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14007E01 3950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13887E01 3975.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13768E01 4000.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13651E01 4025.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13536E01 4050.00 0.00 30.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13423E01 4075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13311E01 4100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13201E01 4125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13092E01 4149.99 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12985E01 4175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12879E01 4200.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12775E01 4225.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12672E01 4250.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12571E01 4275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12471E01 4300.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12373E01 4325.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12276E01 4350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12180E01 4375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12085E01 4400.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11992E01 4425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11900E01 4450.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11809E01 4475.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11719E01 4500.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11631E01 4525.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11544E01 4550.00 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11457E01 4575.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11372E01 4600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11288E01 4625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11205E01 4650.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11123E01 4675.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11043E01 4700.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10963E01 4725.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10884E01 4750.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10806E01 4775.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10729E01 4800.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10653E01 4825.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10578E01 4850.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10504E01 4875.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10431E01 4899.99 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10359E01 4925.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10287E01 4950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10216E01 4975.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10147E01 5000.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
AERSCREEN 16216 AERMOD 19191 01/16/20
13:45:29
TITLE:De Anza Operation
AREA PARAMETERS
SOURCE EMISSION RATE:0.116E02 g/s 0.922E02 lb/hr
AREA EMISSION RATE:0.222E06 g/(sm2)0.177E05 lb/(hrm2)
AREA HEIGHT:3.00 meters 9.84 feet
AREA SOURCE LONG SIDE:95.00 meters 311.68 feet
AREA SOURCE SHORT SIDE:55.00 meters 180.45 feet
INITIAL VERTICAL DIMENSION:1.50 meters 4.92 feet
RURAL OR URBAN:URBAN
POPULATION:60777
INITIAL PROBE DISTANCE 5000.meters 16404.feet
BUILDING DOWNWASH PARAMETERS
BUILDING DOWNWASH NOT USED FOR NONPOINT SOURCES
FLOW SECTOR ANALYSIS
25 meter receptor spacing:1.meters 5000.meters
MAXIMUM IMPACT RECEPTOR
Zo SURFACE 1HR CONC RADIAL DIST TEMPORAL
SECTOR ROUGHNESS ug/m3)deg)m)PERIOD
1*1.000 5.321 15 50.0 WIN
worst case diagonal
MAKEMET METEOROLOGY PARAMETERS
MIN/MAX TEMPERATURE:250.0 310.0 K)
MINIMUM WIND SPEED:0.5 m/s
ANEMOMETER HEIGHT:10.000 meters
SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS INPUT:AERMET SEASONAL TABLES
DOMINANT SURFACE PROFILE:Urban
DOMINANT CLIMATE TYPE:Average Moisture
DOMINANT SEASON:Winter
ALBEDO:0.35
BOWEN RATIO:1.50
ROUGHNESS LENGTH:1.000 meters)
SURFACE FRICTION VELOCITY U*)NOT ADUSTED
METEOROLOGY CONDITIONS USED TO PREDICT OVERALL MAXIMUM IMPACT
YR MO DY JDY HR
10 01 10 10 01
H0 U*W*DT/DZ ZICNV ZIMCH MO LEN Z0 BOWEN ALBEDO REF WS
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50
HT REF TA HT
10.0 310.0 2.0
AERSCREEN AUTOMATED DISTANCES
OVERALL MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS BY DISTANCE
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
DIST 1HR CONC DIST 1HR CONC
m)ug/m3)m)ug/m3)
1.00 3.857 2525.00 0.2674E01
25.00 4.727 2550.00 0.2638E01
50.00 5.321 2575.00 0.2603E01
75.00 3.220 2600.00 0.2569E01
100.00 2.159 2625.00 0.2536E01
125.00 1.600 2650.00 0.2503E01
150.00 1.251 2675.00 0.2471E01
175.00 1.015 2700.00 0.2440E01
200.00 0.8473 2725.00 0.2409E01
225.00 0.7220 2750.00 0.2379E01
250.00 0.6261 2775.00 0.2350E01
275.00 0.5497 2800.00 0.2321E01
300.00 0.4884 2825.00 0.2293E01
325.00 0.4381 2850.00 0.2266E01
350.00 0.3960 2875.00 0.2239E01
375.00 0.3606 2900.00 0.2213E01
400.00 0.3303 2925.00 0.2187E01
425.00 0.3041 2950.00 0.2161E01
450.00 0.2812 2975.00 0.2137E01
475.00 0.2612 3000.00 0.2112E01
500.00 0.2435 3025.00 0.2088E01
525.00 0.2279 3050.00 0.2065E01
550.00 0.2139 3075.00 0.2042E01
575.00 0.2013 3100.00 0.2019E01
600.00 0.1900 3125.00 0.1997E01
625.00 0.1797 3150.00 0.1976E01
650.00 0.1703 3175.00 0.1954E01
675.00 0.1617 3200.00 0.1934E01
700.00 0.1539 3225.00 0.1913E01
725.00 0.1467 3250.00 0.1893E01
750.00 0.1401 3275.00 0.1873E01
775.00 0.1339 3300.00 0.1854E01
800.00 0.1283 3325.00 0.1835E01
825.00 0.1230 3350.00 0.1816E01
850.00 0.1181 3375.00 0.1798E01
875.00 0.1135 3400.00 0.1780E01
900.00 0.1092 3425.00 0.1762E01
925.00 0.1052 3450.00 0.1744E01
950.00 0.1015 3475.00 0.1727E01
975.00 0.9796E01 3500.00 0.1710E01
1000.00 0.9522E01 3525.00 0.1694E01
1025.00 0.9205E01 3550.00 0.1678E01
1050.00 0.8905E01 3575.00 0.1662E01
1075.00 0.8622E01 3600.00 0.1646E01
1100.00 0.8354E01 3625.00 0.1630E01
1125.00 0.8100E01 3650.00 0.1615E01
1150.00 0.7859E01 3675.00 0.1600E01
1175.00 0.7631E01 3700.00 0.1585E01
1200.00 0.7413E01 3724.99 0.1571E01
1225.00 0.7207E01 3750.00 0.1556E01
1250.00 0.7009E01 3775.00 0.1542E01
1275.00 0.6822E01 3800.00 0.1528E01
1300.00 0.6642E01 3825.00 0.1515E01
1325.00 0.6471E01 3850.00 0.1501E01
1350.00 0.6307E01 3875.00 0.1488E01
1375.00 0.6150E01 3900.00 0.1475E01
1400.00 0.6000E01 3925.00 0.1462E01
1425.00 0.5856E01 3950.00 0.1450E01
1450.00 0.5718E01 3975.00 0.1437E01
1475.00 0.5586E01 4000.00 0.1425E01
1500.00 0.5459E01 4025.00 0.1413E01
1525.00 0.5336E01 4050.00 0.1401E01
1550.00 0.5219E01 4075.00 0.1389E01
1574.99 0.5105E01 4100.00 0.1378E01
1600.00 0.4996E01 4125.00 0.1366E01
1625.00 0.4891E01 4150.00 0.1355E01
1650.00 0.4790E01 4175.00 0.1344E01
1675.00 0.4692E01 4200.00 0.1333E01
1700.00 0.4598E01 4225.00 0.1322E01
1725.00 0.4507E01 4250.00 0.1311E01
1750.00 0.4419E01 4275.00 0.1301E01
1775.00 0.4334E01 4300.00 0.1291E01
1800.00 0.4251E01 4325.00 0.1280E01
1824.99 0.4172E01 4350.00 0.1270E01
1850.00 0.4095E01 4375.00 0.1260E01
1875.00 0.4020E01 4400.00 0.1251E01
1899.99 0.3948E01 4425.00 0.1241E01
1924.99 0.3878E01 4450.00 0.1232E01
1950.00 0.3810E01 4475.00 0.1222E01
1975.00 0.3744E01 4500.00 0.1213E01
2000.00 0.3680E01 4525.00 0.1204E01
2025.00 0.3618E01 4550.00 0.1195E01
2050.00 0.3558E01 4575.00 0.1186E01
2075.00 0.3499E01 4600.00 0.1177E01
2100.00 0.3442E01 4625.00 0.1168E01
2125.00 0.3387E01 4650.00 0.1160E01
2150.00 0.3333E01 4675.00 0.1151E01
2175.00 0.3281E01 4700.00 0.1143E01
2200.00 0.3230E01 4725.00 0.1135E01
2224.99 0.3180E01 4750.00 0.1126E01
2250.00 0.3132E01 4775.00 0.1118E01
2275.00 0.3085E01 4800.00 0.1110E01
2300.00 0.3039E01 4825.00 0.1103E01
2325.00 0.2994E01 4850.00 0.1095E01
2350.00 0.2951E01 4875.00 0.1087E01
2375.00 0.2908E01 4900.00 0.1079E01
2399.99 0.2867E01 4925.00 0.1072E01
2425.00 0.2826E01 4950.00 0.1065E01
2449.99 0.2787E01 4975.00 0.1057E01
2475.00 0.2749E01 5000.00 0.1050E01
2500.00 0.2711E01
AERSCREEN MAXIMUM IMPACT SUMMARY
3hour,8hour,and 24hour scaled
concentrations are equal to the 1hour concentration as referenced in
SCREENING PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING THE AIR QUALITY
IMPACT OF STATIONARY SOURCES,REVISED Section 4.5.4)
Report number EPA454/R92019
http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance_permit.htm
under Screening Guidance
MAXIMUM SCALED SCALED SCALED SCALED
1HOUR 3HOUR 8HOUR 24HOUR ANNUAL
CALCULATION CONC CONC CONC CONC CONC
PROCEDURE ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)ug/m3)
FLAT TERRAIN 5.321 5.321 5.321 5.321 N/A
DISTANCE FROM SOURCE 50.00 meters
IMPACT AT THE
AMBIENT BOUNDARY 3.857 3.857 3.857 3.857 N/A
DISTANCE FROM SOURCE 1.00 meters
Concentration Distance Elevation Diag Season/Month Zo sector Date
H0 U*W*DT/DZ ZICNV ZIMCH MO LEN Z0 BOWEN ALBEDO REF WS HT
REF TA HT
0.38567E+01 1.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.47270E+01 25.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.53208E+01 50.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.32196E+01 75.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21589E+01 100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15998E+01 125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12512E+01 150.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10155E+01 175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.84730E+00 200.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.72196E+00 225.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.62614E+00 250.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.54972E+00 275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.48838E+00 300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.43810E+00 325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.39604E+00 350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.36061E+00 375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.33026E+00 400.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.30414E+00 425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28122E+00 450.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26120E+00 475.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24352E+00 500.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22785E+00 525.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21389E+00 550.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20135E+00 575.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19000E+00 600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17972E+00 625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17032E+00 650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16174E+00 675.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15390E+00 700.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14669E+00 725.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14007E+00 750.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.13394E+00 775.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12825E+00 800.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.12297E+00 825.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11807E+00 850.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.11350E+00 875.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10923E+00 900.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10522E+00 925.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.10148E+00 950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.97957E01 975.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.95220E01 1000.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.92045E01 1025.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.89049E01 1050.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.86217E01 1075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.83538E01 1100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.81000E01 1125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.78593E01 1150.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.76307E01 1175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.74134E01 1200.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.72065E01 1225.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.70095E01 1250.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.68216E01 1275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.66422E01 1300.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.64709E01 1325.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.63071E01 1350.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.61503E01 1375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.60002E01 1400.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.58563E01 1425.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.57183E01 1450.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.55858E01 1475.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.54585E01 1500.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.53362E01 1525.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.52186E01 1550.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.51054E01 1574.99 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.49963E01 1600.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.48912E01 1625.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.47899E01 1650.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.46922E01 1675.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.45979E01 1700.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.45068E01 1725.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.44188E01 1750.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.43337E01 1775.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.42515E01 1800.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.41719E01 1824.99 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.40948E01 1850.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.40202E01 1875.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.39479E01 1899.99 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.38778E01 1924.99 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.38098E01 1950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.37439E01 1975.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.36800E01 2000.00 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.36179E01 2025.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.35576E01 2050.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.34990E01 2075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.34421E01 2100.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.33867E01 2125.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.33329E01 2150.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.32805E01 2175.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.32296E01 2200.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31800E01 2224.99 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.31317E01 2250.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.30847E01 2275.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.30388E01 2300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29942E01 2325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29507E01 2350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.29082E01 2375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28668E01 2399.99 0.00 35.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.28264E01 2425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27870E01 2449.99 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27485E01 2475.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.27110E01 2500.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26743E01 2525.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26385E01 2550.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.26034E01 2575.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25692E01 2600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25358E01 2625.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.25031E01 2650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24711E01 2675.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24399E01 2700.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.24093E01 2725.00 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23793E01 2750.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23500E01 2775.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.23214E01 2800.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22933E01 2825.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22658E01 2850.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22389E01 2875.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.22125E01 2900.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21867E01 2925.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21613E01 2950.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21365E01 2975.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.21122E01 3000.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20883E01 3025.00 0.00 10.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20649E01 3050.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20420E01 3075.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.20195E01 3100.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19974E01 3125.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19757E01 3150.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19545E01 3175.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19336E01 3200.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.19131E01 3225.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18930E01 3250.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18733E01 3275.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18539E01 3300.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18348E01 3325.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.18161E01 3350.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17977E01 3375.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17797E01 3400.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17619E01 3425.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17445E01 3450.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17273E01 3475.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.17105E01 3500.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16939E01 3525.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16776E01 3550.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16616E01 3575.00 0.00 15.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16458E01 3600.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16303E01 3625.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16150E01 3650.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.16000E01 3675.00 0.00 30.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15852E01 3700.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15707E01 3724.99 0.00 20.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15564E01 3750.00 0.00 25.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15423E01 3775.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15284E01 3800.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15148E01 3825.00 0.00 5.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.15014E01 3850.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
0.14881E01 3875.00 0.00 0.0 Winter 0360 10011001
1.30 0.043 9.000 0.020 999.21.6.0 1.000 1.50 0.35 0.50 10.0
310.0 2.0
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310.0 2.0
1640 5th St.., Suite 204 Santa
Santa Monica, California 90401
Tel: (949) 887-9013
Email: mhagemann@swape.com
Matthew F. Hagemann, P.G., C.Hg., QSD, QSP
Geologic and Hydrogeologic Characterization
Industrial Stormwater Compliance
Investigation and Remediation Strategies
Litigation Support and Testifying Expert
CEQA Review
Education:
M.S. Degree, Geology, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 1984.
B.A. Degree, Geology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, 1982.
Professional Certifications:
California Professional Geologist
California Certified Hydrogeologist
Qualified SWPPP Developer and Practitioner
Professional Experience:
Matt has 25 years of experience in environmental policy, assessment and remediation. He spent nine
years with the U.S. EPA in the RCRA and Superfund programs and served as EPA’s Senior Science
Policy Advisor in the Western Regional Office where he identified emerging threats to groundwater from
perchlorate and MTBE. While with EPA, Matt also served as a Senior Hydrogeologist in the oversight of
the assessment of seven major military facilities undergoing base closure. He led numerous enforcement
actions under provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) while also working
with permit holders to improve hydrogeologic characterization and water quality monitoring.
Matt has worked closely with U.S. EPA legal counsel and the technical staff of several states in the
application and enforcement of RCRA, Safe Drinking Water Act and Clean Water Act regulations. Matt
has trained the technical staff in the States of California, Hawaii, Nevada, Arizona and the Territory of
Guam in the conduct of investigations, groundwater fundamentals, and sampling techniques.
Positions Matt has held include:
x Founding Partner, Soil/Water/Air Protection Enterprise (SWAPE) (2003 – present);
x Geology Instructor, Golden West College, 2010 – 24;
x Senior Environmental Analyst, Komex H2O Science, Inc. (2000 -- 2003);
x Executive Director, Orange Coast Watch (2001 – 2004);
x Senior Science Policy Advisor and Hydrogeologist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989–
1998);
x Hydrogeologist, National Park Service, Water Resources Division (1998 – 2000);
x Adjunct Faculty Member, San Francisco State University, Department of Geosciences (1993 –
1998);
x Instructor, College of Marin, Department of Science (1990 – 1995);
x Geologist, U.S. Forest Service (1986 – 1998); and
x Geologist, Dames & Moore (1984 – 1986).
Senior Regulatory and Litigation Support Analyst:
With SWAPE, Matt’s responsibilities have included:
x Lead analyst and testifying expert in the review of over 100 environmental impact reports
since 2003 under CEQA that identify significant issues with regard to hazardous waste, water
resources, water quality, air quality, Valley Fever, greenhouse gas emissions, and geologic
hazards. Make recommendations for additional mitigation measures to lead agencies at the
local and county level to include additional characterization of health risks and
implementation of protective measures to reduce worker exposure to hazards from toxins
and Valley Fever.
x Stormwater analysis, sampling and best management practice evaluation at industrial facilities.
x Manager of a project to provide technical assistance to a community adjacent to a former
Naval shipyard under a grant from the U.S. EPA.
x Technical assistance and litigation support for vapor intrusion concerns.
x Lead analyst and testifying expert in the review of environmental issues in license applications
for large solar power plants before the California Energy Commission.
x Manager of a project to evaluate numerous formerly used military sites in the western U.S.
x Manager of a comprehensive evaluation of potential sources of perchlorate contamination in
Southern California drinking water wells.
x Manager and designated expert for litigation support under provisions of Proposition 65 in the
review of releases of gasoline to sources drinking water at major refineries and hundreds of gas
stations throughout California.
x Expert witness on two cases involving MTBE litigation.
x Expert witness and litigation support on the impact of air toxins and hazards at a school.
x Expert witness in litigation at a former plywood plant.
With Komex H2O Science Inc., Matt’s duties included the following:
x Senior author of a report on the extent of perchlorate contamination that was used in testimony
by the former U.S. EPA Administrator and General Counsel.
x Senior researcher in the development of a comprehensive, electronically interactive chronology
of MTBE use, research, and regulation.
x Senior researcher in the development of a comprehensive, electronically interactive chronology
of perchlorate use, research, and regulation.
x Senior researcher in a study that estimates nationwide costs for MTBE remediation and drinking
water treatment, results of which were published in newspapers nationwide and in testimony
against provisions of an energy bill that would limit liability for oil companies.
x Research to support litigation to restore drinking water supplies that have been contaminated by
MTBE in California and New York.
2
x Expert witness testimony in a case of oil production-related contamination in Mississippi.
x Lead author for a multi-volume remedial investigation report for an operating school in Los
Angeles that met strict regulatory requirements and rigorous deadlines.
3
x Development of strategic approaches for cleanup of contaminated sites in consultation with
clients and regulators.
Executive Director:
As Executive Director with Orange Coast Watch, Matt led efforts to restore water quality at Orange
County beaches from multiple sources of contamination including urban runoff and the discharge of
wastewater. In reporting to a Board of Directors that included representatives from leading Orange
County universities and businesses, Matt prepared issue papers in the areas of treatment and disinfection
of wastewater and control of the discharge of grease to sewer systems. Matt actively participated in the
development of countywide water quality permits for the control of urban runoff and permits for the
discharge of wastewater. Matt worked with other nonprofits to protect and restore water quality, including
Surfrider, Natural Resources Defense Council and Orange County CoastKeeper as well as with business
institutions including the Orange County Business Council.
Hydrogeology:
As a Senior Hydrogeologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Matt led investigations to
characterize and cleanup closing military bases, including Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Hunters Point
Naval Shipyard, Treasure Island Naval Station, Alameda Naval Station, Moffett Field, Mather Army
Airfield, and Sacramento Army Depot. Specific activities were as follows:
x Led efforts to model groundwater flow and contaminant transport, ensured adequacy of
monitoring networks, and assessed cleanup alternatives for contaminated sediment, soil, and
groundwater.
x Initiated a regional program for evaluation of groundwater sampling practices and laboratory
analysis at military bases.
x Identified emerging issues, wrote technical guidance, and assisted in policy and regulation
development through work on four national U.S. EPA workgroups, including the Superfund
Groundwater Technical Forum and the Federal Facilities Forum.
At the request of the State of Hawaii, Matt developed a methodology to determine the vulnerability of
groundwater to contamination on the islands of Maui and Oahu. He used analytical models and a GIS to
show zones of vulnerability, and the results were adopted and published by the State of Hawaii and
County of Maui.
As a hydrogeologist with the EPA Groundwater Protection Section, Matt worked with provisions of the
Safe Drinking Water Act and NEPA to prevent drinking water contamination. Specific activities included
the following:
x Received an EPA Bronze Medal for his contribution to the development of national guidance for
the protection of drinking water.
x Managed the Sole Source Aquifer Program and protected the drinking water of two communities
through designation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. He prepared geologic reports,
conducted public hearings, and responded to public comments from residents who were very
concerned about the impact of designation.
4
x Reviewed a number of Environmental Impact Statements for planned major developments,
including large hazardous and solid waste disposal facilities, mine reclamation, and water
transfer.
Matt served as a hydrogeologist with the RCRA Hazardous Waste program. Duties were as follows:
x Supervised the hydrogeologic investigation of hazardous waste sites to determine compliance
with Subtitle C requirements.
x Reviewed and wrote "part B" permits for the disposal of hazardous waste.
x Conducted RCRA Corrective Action investigations of waste sites and led inspections that formed
the basis for significant enforcement actions that were developed in close coordination with U.S.
EPA legal counsel.
x Wrote contract specifications and supervised contractor’s investigations of waste sites.
With the National Park Service, Matt directed service-wide investigations of contaminant sources to
prevent degradation of water quality, including the following tasks:
x Applied pertinent laws and regulations including CERCLA, RCRA, NEPA, NRDA, and the
Clean Water Act to control military, mining, and landfill contaminants.
x Conducted watershed-scale investigations of contaminants at parks, including Yellowstone and
Olympic National Park.
x Identified high-levels of perchlorate in soil adjacent to a national park in New Mexico
and advised park superintendent on appropriate response actions under CERCLA.
x Served as a Park Service representative on the Interagency Perchlorate Steering Committee, a
national workgroup.
x Developed a program to conduct environmental compliance audits of all National Parks while
serving on a national workgroup.
x Co-authored two papers on the potential for water contamination from the operation of personal
watercraft and snowmobiles, these papers serving as the basis for the development of nation-
wide policy on the use of these vehicles in National Parks.
x Contributed to the Federal Multi-Agency Source Water Agreement under the Clean Water
Action Plan.
Policy:
Served senior management as the Senior Science Policy Advisor with the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Region 9. Activities included the following:
x Advised the Regional Administrator and senior management on emerging issues such as the
potential for the gasoline additive MTBE and ammonium perchlorate to contaminate drinking
water supplies.
x Shaped EPA’s national response to these threats by serving on workgroups and by contributing
to guidance, including the Office of Research and Development publication, Oxygenates in
Water: Critical Information and Research Needs.
x Improved the technical training of EPA's scientific and engineering staff.
x Earned an EPA Bronze Medal for representing the region’s 300 scientists and engineers in
negotiations with the Administrator and senior management to better integrate scientific
principles into the policy-making process.
x Established national protocol for the peer review of scientific documents.
5
Geology:
With the U.S. Forest Service, Matt led investigations to determine hillslope stability of areas proposed for
timber harvest in the central Oregon Coast Range. Specific activities were as follows:
x Mapped geology in the field, and used aerial photographic interpretation and mathematical
models to determine slope stability.
x Coordinated his research with community members who were concerned with natural resource
protection.
x Characterized the geology of an aquifer that serves as the sole source of drinking water for the
city of Medford, Oregon.
As a consultant with Dames and Moore, Matt led geologic investigations of two contaminated sites (later
listed on the Superfund NPL) in the Portland, Oregon, area and a large hazardous waste site in eastern
Oregon. Duties included the following:
x Supervised year-long effort for soil and groundwater sampling.
x Conducted aquifer tests.
x Investigated active faults beneath sites proposed for hazardous waste disposal.
Teaching:
From 1990 to 1998, Matt taught at least one course per semester at the community college and university
levels:
x At San Francisco State University, held an adjunct faculty position and taught courses in
environmental geology, oceanography (lab and lecture), hydrogeology, and groundwater
contamination.
x Served as a committee member for graduate and undergraduate students.
x Taught courses in environmental geology and oceanography at the College of Marin.
Matt taught physical geology (lecture and lab and introductory geology at Golden West College in
Huntington Beach, California from 2010 to 2014.
Invited Testimony, Reports, Papers and Presentations:
Hagemann, M.F., 2008. Disclosure of Hazardous Waste Issues under CEQA. Presentation to the Public
Environmental Law Conference, Eugene, Oregon.
Hagemann, M.F., 2008. Disclosure of Hazardous Waste Issues under CEQA. Invited presentation to U.S.
EPA Region 9, San Francisco, California.
Hagemann, M.F., 2005. Use of Electronic Databases in Environmental Regulation, Policy Making and
Public Participation. Brownfields 2005, Denver, Coloradao.
Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water
in Nevada and the Southwestern U.S. Presentation to a meeting of the American Groundwater Trust, Las
Vegas, NV (served on conference organizing committee).
Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Invited testimony to a California Senate committee hearing on air toxins at
schools in Southern California, Los Angeles.
6
Brown, A., Farrow, J., Gray, A. and Hagemann, M., 2004. An Estimate of Costs to Address MTBE
Releases from Underground Storage Tanks and the Resulting Impact to Drinking Water Wells.
Presentation to the Ground Water and Environmental Law Conference, National Groundwater
Association.
Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water
in Arizona and the Southwestern U.S. Presentation to a meeting of the American Groundwater Trust,
Phoenix, AZ (served on conference organizing committee).
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water
in the Southwestern U.S. Invited presentation to a special committee meeting of the National Academy
of Sciences, Irvine, CA.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River. Invited presentation to a
tribal EPA meeting, Pechanga, CA.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River. Invited presentation to a
meeting of tribal repesentatives, Parker, AZ.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Impact of Perchlorate on the Colorado River and Associated Drinking Water
Supplies. Invited presentation to the Inter-Tribal Meeting, Torres Martinez Tribe.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. The Emergence of Perchlorate as a Widespread Drinking Water Contaminant.
Invited presentation to the U.S. EPA Region 9.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. A Deductive Approach to the Assessment of Perchlorate Contamination. Invited
presentation to the California Assembly Natural Resources Committee.
Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate: A Cold War Legacy in Drinking Water. Presentation to a meeting of
the National Groundwater Association.
Hagemann, M.F., 2002. From Tank to Tap: A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater. Presentation to a
meeting of the National Groundwater Association.
Hagemann, M.F., 2002. A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater and an Estimate of Costs to Address
Impacts to Groundwater. Presentation to the annual meeting of the Society of Environmental
Journalists.
Hagemann, M.F., 2002. An Estimate of the Cost to Address MTBE Contamination in Groundwater
and Who Will Pay). Presentation to a meeting of the National Groundwater Association.
Hagemann, M.F., 2002. An Estimate of Costs to Address MTBE Releases from Underground Storage
Tanks and the Resulting Impact to Drinking Water Wells. Presentation to a meeting of the U.S. EPA and
State Underground Storage Tank Program managers.
Hagemann, M.F., 2001. From Tank to Tap: A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater. Unpublished
report.
7
Hagemann, M.F., 2001. Estimated Cleanup Cost for MTBE in Groundwater Used as Drinking Water.
Unpublished report.
Hagemann, M.F., 2001. Estimated Costs to Address MTBE Releases from Leaking Underground Storage
Tanks. Unpublished report.
Hagemann, M.F., and VanMouwerik, M., 1999. Potential W a t e r Quality Concerns Related
to Snowmobile Usage. Water Resources Division, National Park Service, Technical Report.
VanMouwerik, M. and Hagemann, M.F. 1999, Water Quality Concerns Related to Personal Watercraft
Usage. Water Resources Division, National Park Service, Technical Report.
Hagemann, M.F., 1999, Is Dilution the Solution to Pollution in National Parks? The George Wright
Society Biannual Meeting, Asheville, North Carolina.
Hagemann, M.F., 1997, The Potential for MTBE to Contaminate Groundwater. U.S. EPA Superfund
Groundwater Technical Forum Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Hagemann, M.F., and Gill, M., 1996, Impediments to Intrinsic Remediation, Moffett Field Naval Air
Station, Conference on Intrinsic Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Salt Lake City.
Hagemann, M.F., Fukunaga, G.L., 1996, The Vulnerability of Groundwater to Anthropogenic
Contaminants on the Island of Maui, Hawaii. Hawaii Water Works Association Annual Meeting, Maui,
October 1996.
Hagemann, M. F., Fukanaga, G. L., 1996, Ranking Groundwater Vulnerability in Central Oahu,
Hawaii. Proceedings, Geographic Information Systems in Environmental Resources Management, Air
and Waste Management Association Publication VIP-61.
Hagemann, M.F., 1994. Groundwater Characterization and Cleanup at Closing Military Bases
in California. Proceedings, California Groundwater Resources Association Meeting.
Hagemann, M.F. and Sabol, M.A., 1993. Role of the U.S. EPA in the High Plains States Groundwater
Recharge Demonstration Program. Proceedings, Sixth Biennial Symposium on the Artificial Recharge of
Groundwater.
Hagemann, M.F., 1993. U.S. EPA Policy on the Technical Impracticability of the Cleanup of DNAPL-
contaminated Groundwater. California Groundwater Resources Association Meeting.
8
Hagemann, M.F., 1992. Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Contamination of Groundwater: An Ounce of
Prevention... Proceedings, Association of Engineering Geologists Annual Meeting, v. 35.
Other Experience:
Selected as subject matter expert for the California Professional Geologist licensing examination, 2009-
2011.
9
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15 January 2020
Michael Lozeau, Esq.
Lozeau Drury LLP
1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150
Oakland, CA 94612
Subject: The De Anza Hotel Project Public Review Draft Initial Study
Review and Comment on Noise Analysis
Dear Mr. Lozeau,
Per your request, Wilson Ihrig has reviewed The De Anza Hotel Project Public Review Draft Initial
Study (“DIS”, July 2, 2019). In this letter, we offer comments on the noise analysis and proposed
mitigation measures.
CComments on Construction Noise Analysis
The pertinent Cupertino Municipal Code for the control of construction noise is § 10.48.053 –
Grading, Construction and Demolition. The DIS summarizes the quantitative requirements of this
code as:
construction activities [may] not exceed 80 dBA at the nearest affected property or
individual equipment items do not exceed 87 dBA at 25 feet. Only one of these two criteria
must be met.” [DIS at p 4-59]
Of the two options, the DIS utilizes the first one and presents estimates of construction noise at the
two nearest property lines shared with noise-sensitive receptors (an apartment complex and a
hotel). However, the DIS treats the 80 dBA limit as a limit for the average noise level (technically
denoted “Leq”). There is no indication in § 10.48.053 that that is the intent of the code. Rather, given
that people are more likely to complain about short-duration, high noise levels than the long-term
average noise level and that most noise ordinances specify maximum allowable noise levels, it is
more likely that the 80 dBA limit is intended to be a maximum for noise levels from the construction
activities.1 To that point, § 10.48.053 specifically exempts construction noise from § 10.48.040 which
1 The “maximum” noise level is typically the highest reading from a sound level meter using the “slow”
meter response.
The De Anza Hotel Project
Review and Comment on Noise Analysis
2
specifies the maximum allowable noise levels from non-construction activities at residential and non-
residential properties.
The DIS utilizes the Federal Highway Administration Roadway Construction Noise Model, and data
output from the model are provided in Appendix C of the DIS. In particular, these sheets show the
maximum (Lmax) noise levels for the various construction phases at a distance of 200 ft. However, the
construction equipment will be closer than this to the Cupertino Hotel property line.2 Using the
attenuation with distance factor used by the DIS and the closest approach point to the Cupertino
Hotel property line, the maximum noise levels on the Cupertino Hotel property may be easily
calculated.3 These are shown in Table I. Also shown is the distance the loudest piece of equipment
in each phase will need to be from the property to produce a maximum noise level of 80 dBA. For the
demolition and grading phases, the distance is nearly half the width of the project site indicating that
the 80 dBA limit will be exceeded half of the time during these phases.
TABLE I Maximum Construction Noise Levels
Construction Phase Lmax Distance to 80 dBA Lmax
Demolition 93 dBA 150 ft
Site Preparation 88 dBA 89 ft
Grading 93 dBA 150 ft
Building Construction 87 dBA 80 ft
Paving 87 dBA 80 ft
In conclusion on this point, we believe the DIS misinterprets the intent of the construction noise
limits provided in § 10.48.053 of the Cupertino Municipal Code. If the limits are interpreted as we
believe they should be – as maximum, not average, noise levels – then construction noise levels
during the five stages shown in Table I would create a significant noise impact at the Cupertino Hotel.
2 The DIS uses the center of the project site for the purpose of calculating the average noise level. This
is reasonable because the equipment will, in the long-term, move all around the site and will, on
average, be in the center. This is not appropriate for determining the maximum sound level, however,
because this will clearly occur when the equipment is at its closest approach point. Note that the
maximum noise level is determined by the single loudest piece of equipment in each phase, not a
summation of the noise levels from all equipment as is appropriate and as was done for the average
noise level calculations.
3 The attenuation rate is 6 dB per doubling of distance [DIS at p 4-59], and the closest distance is 34 feet
across driveway) [DIS at p 3-1].
The De Anza Hotel Project
Review and Comment on Noise Analysis
3
CComments on Mitigation Measure NOISE-2
Mitigation Measure NOISE-2 pertains to the operational noise from mechanical equipment once the
project is put into service.
The DIS notes that the emergency generator will have to be run for routine testing up to 50 hours per
year. [DIS at p 4-62] The DIS goes on to provide noise estimates both with and without sound
attenuation at the nearest receptors to the west (commercial) and to the east (apartment buildings).4
In both instances, the DIS concludes that the noise levels at both the commercial buildings and the
apartment buildings could exceed the applicable criterion, and states, “Therefore, this impact would
be potentially significant.” [DIS at p4-63] The DIS then goes on to say, “With implementation of
Mitigation Measure NOISE-2, project-related operational noise impacts would be less than
significant.” [DIS at p 4-63; no emphasis added].
A review of Mitigation Measure NOISE-2 indicates that it does not, in fact, provide a substantive
analysis that feasible mitigation is possible. Rather, it simply states that, in the future, a qualified
acoustician will “determine specific noise reduction measures necessary to reduce noise to comply
with the City’s noise level requirements.” [DIS at p 4-63] In other words, the mitigation measure is
simply to assert that the equipment will be selected and designed to meet the adopted threshold of
significance rather than provide a substantive description and analysis of what would need to be
done to accomplish this.
To add an element of reality to this point, Wilson Ihrig was recently asked to review a situation in
which an EIR asserted that an emergency generator would be selected and designed to meet that
projects threshold of significance, exactly as is being done here. However, when the project
developers set out to meet this requirement, they found that, due to the proximity of the generator
to noise-sensitive receptors, the mitigation measures could cost up to $200,000, an amount they were
not prepared to spend. As noted previously, the De Anza DIS estimates noise levels from the
generator including “a Level II sound enclosure” and still finds that the noise levels exceeded the
adopted criteria. [DIS at p 4-63]. If anything, this provides more impetus for additional analysis to
demonstrate that feasible mitigation is possible or to determine that the impact is significant.
Comments on Traffic Noise Analysis
The traffic noise analysis utilizes a relative, “audible” threshold of significance, stating, “Only ‘audible’
changes in noise levels at sensitive receptor locations (i.e., 3 dB or more) are considered potentially
significant.” [DIS at p 4-58]
The fundamental problem with using a relative threshold of significance, e.g., a change of 3 dBA or
greater, is that, over time, there will effectively be no limit. If the noise level today is 65.0 dBA and
an increase to 67.9 dBA is found to be a less than significant impact, then the next project will take
4 As an aside, the emergency generator noise does not seem to have been assessed at the Cupertino
Hotel.
The De Anza Hotel Project
Review and Comment on Noise Analysis
4
67.9 dBA as the baseline, and an increase to 70.8 dBA will be found to be a less than significant impact.
The total increase would be 5.8 dBA, which would be deemed a significant impact if brought about
by either project individually, but would not be in the two-project scenario because the baseline for
the second project will be the noise level resulting from the first project. At each step, the noise level
increase would be characterized as “inaudible”, although the net increase would be characterized as
audible”.
While it is appropriate to use relative impact criteria, in order to keep noise levels from increasing
continually without limit over time, absolute criteria should be utilized, as well. For this project, an
appropriate source for absolute criteria is the Cupertino General Plan – Community Vision 2015 –
2040. Chapter 7, Health and Safety Element, contains Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise
Environments, cast in terms of either the Day-Night Equivalent Level (Ldn) or the Community Noise
Equivalent Level (CNEL), both 24-hour weighted average noise levels. [General Plan, Figure HS-8].
For various types of land uses, Figure HS-8 indicates if a particular noise exposure is “normally
acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”, “normally unacceptable”, or “clearly unacceptable”.
A very reasonable, absolute threshold of significance would be if the noise level changed from on
classification to another, regardless of the amount of the increase. For example, Residential – Multi-
Family land use is normally acceptable up to CNEL 65 and conditionally acceptable up to CNEL 70. If
the existing noise environment at, for example, the Aviare apartment complex is CNEL 69, and the
project causes it to increase to CNEL 71 – thereby transforming the area from one that is conditionally
acceptable for the use to one that is normally unacceptable – that should be determined to be a
significant noise impact even though the increase is only 2 dBA and characterized as “inaudible”.
Finally on this point, the above analysis would necessarily be based on measurements of the existing
noise environment around the project site, something the DIS did not do. As such, even though the
DIS states that the traffic noise increase due to the project will be up to 2.0 dBA, it is not possible to
ascertain whether or not that increase will cause any of the noise-sensitive receptors to transition
from one land use classification to another, lower quality one.
Please contact us if you have any questions about our comments on the De Anza Hotel Project Draft
Initial Study noise analysis.
Very truly yours,
WILSON IHRIG
Derek L. Watry
Principal
2020-01-15 deanza-hotel ismnd noise rvw wilson-ihrig.docx
Wilson Ihrig – Derek Watry Resume – Page 1
DEREK WATRY
Principal
Mr. Watry is experienced in all aspects of environmental noise issues, having conducted extensive
field measurements, prepared EIR/EIS sections, helped resolve complex community noise issue,
established acceptability criteria, and studied meteorological effects on sound transmission.
He is well versed in the requirements of CEQA and NEPA. His experience includes responding to
community noise complaints that can be miles from transit noise, construction noise, and low-
frequency music noise. He has made numerous presentations at public meetings, conducted
technical seminars on outdoor noise propagation, and served as the acoustical expert for several
legal actions. These experiences have given him a thorough understanding of the technical, public
relations, and political aspects of environmental noise and vibration compliance work.
Education
x M.B.A., Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, California
x M.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley
x B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of California at San Diego
Relevant Project Experience
San Francisco Department of Public Works, Environmental Services On-Call
Several task orders with prime consultant. Recent projects have been the Northshore Main
Improvement Project, design noise mitigation for a recently constructed SOMA West Skate Park,
and a variety of other construction noise and vibration monitoring tasks.
City of Fremont Environmental Services On Call (Since 2004)
Providing oversight of and acoustical analysis for a variety of task orders. Work tasks primarily
focus on noise insulation and vibration control design compliance for new residential projects and
peer review other consultant’s projects.
King City Silva Ranch Annexation EIR
Conducted the noise portion of the EIR and assessed the suitability of the project areas for the intended
development. Work included a reconnaissance of existing noise sources and receptors in and around
the project areas, and long-term noise measurements at key locations.
Loch Lomond Marina EIR, San Rafael
Examined traffic noise impacts on existing residences. Provided the project with acoustical analyses
and reports to satisfy the requirements of Title 24.
Mare Island Dredge and Material Disposal, Vallejo
EIR/EIS analysis of noise from planned dredged material off-loading operations.
San Francisco Clean Water Program – Richmond Transport Tunnel
Environmental compliance monitoring of vibration during soft tunnel mining and boring, cut-and-
cover trenching for sewer lines, hard rock tunnel blasting and site remediation. Work involved
long-term monitoring of general construction activity, special investigations of groundborne
vibration from pumps and bus generated ground vibration, and interaction with the public
homeowners). Construction methods monitored included tunneling, pile driving, heavy equipment
operation, and rock blasting.
Wilson Ihrig – Derek Watry Resume – Page 2
San Francisco Department of Public Works, 525 Golden Gate Avenue Demolition
Noise and vibration monitoring and consultation during demolition of a multi-story office building
next to Federal, State, and Municipal Court buildings.
San Francisco Department of Public Works, 9-1-1 Emergency Communications Center
Technical assistance on issues relating to the demolition and construction work including vibration
monitoring, developing specification and reviewing/recommending appropriate methods and
equipment for demolition of Old Emergency Center.
Patterson Ranch EIR, Fremont
Conducted noise and vibration portion of the EIR.
Tyco Electronics Annual Noise Compliance Study, Menlo Park
Conducted annual noise compliance monitoring. Provided letter critiquing the regulatory
requirements and recommending improvements.
BART SFO Extension - Construction Vibration and Noise Monitoring
Environmental compliance monitoring of noise and vibration during cut-and-cover construction of
BART subway structure. Work included extensive monitoring of ground vibration at buildings and
structures in close proximity to vibratory pile driving activity to ascertain compliance with
construction specification limits.
Golden Gate Park Concourse Underground Garage, San Francisco
Noise and vibration testing during underground garage construction to monitor for residences and
an old sandstone statue during pile driving.
Fourth Street Bridge Rehabilitation, San Francisco
Construction noise, vibration, and underwater monitoring and support. Work included underwater
noise measurements during pile driving and subsequent lab analysis, and ground-to-water transfer
mobility measurements and subsequent analysis to predict underwater acoustic pressure levels
during concrete abutment demolition.
Caltrain Centralized Equipment Maintenance and Operations Facility, San Jose
Noise study of impacts for new maintenance and operations facility built next to existing residential
neighborhood.
Relevant Expert Consultant Experience
Expert consultant review of the noise studies for the following projects:
Star Concrete Batch Plant Project
Mountain Peak Winery Expansion Project
The Shops at Austin Creek Development
Monterey Downs and Monterey Horse Park Development
Atascadero Del Rio Road Commercial Area Development
WinCo Vallejo Development
Walmart Tehachapi Development
Riverwalk Marketplace, Phase II, Development
Walmart Rohnert Park Expansion
KLELW
Via Email and U.S. Mail
August 1, 2019
Gian Paolo Martire, Associate Planner
City of Cupertino
Community Development Department
Planning Division
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
gianm@cupertino.org
Benjamin Fu, Planning Manager
City of Cupertino
Community Development Department
Planning Division
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
benjaminf@cupertino.org
Grace Schmidt, City Clerk
City of Cupertino
City Clerk’s Office
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
cityclerk@cupertino.org
Re: CEQA and Land Use Notice Request for the Project known as De Anza Hotel
Dear Mr. Martire, Mr. Fu and Ms. Schmidt:
I am writing on behalf of the Laborers International Union of North America, Local Union 270 and its
members living in the City of Cupertino (“LiUNA”), regarding the project known as De Anza Hotel, including
all actions related or referring to the construction of a new seven-story hotel with up to 156 rooms, a
rooftop terrace, lounge, and bar and ground-floor conference facilities and restaurant with four levels of below-
grade parking located at 10931 North De Anza Boulevard in the City of Cupertino (“Project”).
We hereby request that City of Cupertino (“City”) send by electronic mail, if possible or U.S. Mail to our firm
at the address below notice of any and all actions or hearings related to activities undertaken, authorized,
approved, permitted, licensed, or certified by the City and any of its subdivisions, and/or supported, in whole
or in part, through contracts, grants, subsidies, loans or other forms of assistance from the City, including, but
not limited to the following:
x Notice of any public hearing in connection with the project as required by California Planning and
Zoning Law pursuant to Government Code Section 65091.
x Any and all notices prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”),
including, but not limited to:
Notices of any public hearing held pursuant to CEQA.
Notices of determination that an Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) or supplemental EIR
is required for the project, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.4.
August 1, 2019
CEQA and Land Use Notice Request for the Project known as De Anza Hotel
Page 2 of 2
Notices of any scoping meeting held pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21083.9.
Notices of preparation of an EIR or a negative declaration for the project, prepared pursuant
to Public Resources Code Section 21092.
Notices of availability of an EIR or a negative declaration for the project, prepared pursuant
to Public Resources Code Section 21152 and Section 15087 of Title 14 of the California Code
of Regulations.
Notices of approval and/or determination to carry out the project, prepared pursuant to Public
Resources Code Section 21152 or any other provision of law.
Notices of approval or certification of any EIR or negative declaration, prepared pursuant to
Public Resources Code Section 21152 or any other provision of law.
Notices of determination that the project is exempt from CEQA, prepared pursuant to Public
Resources Code section 21152 or any other provision of law.
Notice of any Final EIR prepared pursuant to CEQA.
Notice of determination, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21108 or
Section 21152.
Please note that we are requesting notices of CEQA actions and notices of any public hearings to be held under
any provision of Title 7 of the California Government Code governing California Planning and Zoning Law.
This request is filed pursuant to Public Resources Code Sections 21092.2 and 21167(f), and Government
Code Section 65092, which requires agencies to mail such notices to any person who has filed a written
request for them with the clerk of the agency’s governing body.
In addition, we request that the City send to us via email or U.S. Mail a copy of all Planning Commission,
Environmental Review Committee and City Council meeting and/or hearing agendas.
Please send notice by electronic mail, if possible or U.S. Mail to:
Michael Lozeau
Hannah Hughes
Komal Toor
Lozeau Drury LLP
1939 Harrison Street, Ste 150
Oakland, CA 94612
510 836-4200
michael@lozeaudrury.com
hannah@lozeaudrury.com
komal@lozeaudrury.com
Please call if you have any questions. Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
Hannah Hughes
Legal Assistant
Lozeau | Drury LLP
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Peggy Griffin <griffin@compuserve.com>
Sent:Monday, January 20, 2020 6:07 PM
To:City Council
Cc:City Clerk; City Attorney's Office; Deborah L. Feng
Subject:RE: City Council Agenda Item #12 for Jan. 21, 2020 = GPA No Notice has been sent to public!
Dear Mayor Scharf,Vice Mayor Paul and City Council Members,
My sincere apology.I was wrong regarding the lack of noticing on the Good Year Hotel.
After re reading the December 10,2019 PC Staff Report on the Good Year Hotel project,I went digging through my pile of public
notices and found my copy.I am so very sorry for this false alarm and am reassured that the entire city was noticed regarding
this PROPOSED GPA.
Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin
Original Message
From:Peggy Griffin griffin@compuserve.com>
Sent:Sunday,January 19,2020 6:45 PM
To:City Council CityCouncil@cupertino.org>
Cc:City Clerk CityClerk@cupertino.org>;City Attorney's Office CityAttorney@cupertino.org>;Deborah Feng
DebF@cupertino.org>
Subject:City Council Agenda Item 12 for Jan.21,2020 GPA No Notice has been sent to public!
Dear Mayor Scharf,Vice Mayor Paul and City Council Members,
Tuesday,January 21,2020’s Agenda Item 12 for the Goodyear Hotel requires a General Plan Amendment yet no notice was
sent out to the public.
Yes,it went through the Gateway Process but that should not have turned off”the public noticing requirement!Also,going
through this gateway”does not guarantee the GPA will be approved.The city must be noticed.We and others I know have not
received any postcard regarding this GPA agenda item!
I find it appalling that this item appears on the agenda without adequate notice other than the regular posting of the CC agenda
material.
PLEASE correct this immediately.Postpone this item until the public is noticed property!
Many of you campaigned on transparency.Please follow through on this by noticing the city regarding this possible GPA.
Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Anne Ezzat <aezzat95014@gmail.com>
Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 9:23 AM
To:Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Jon Robert Willey; Liang Chao
Subject:Item #12 on 1/21 Agenda
Dear Mayor Scharf,Vice Mayor Paul,Council Member Chao,Council Member Wiley,
I was surprised to see that a 7 story hotel with no set backs was on the agenda for approval for tonight's meeting.This project
does not comply with the General Plan and if approved will modify the General Plan.If the council approves projects that do not
adhere to the General Plan,what is the point of having a General Plan?And if there is effectively no General Plan,in the interest
of fair play,I hope that you will allow residents to violate it with impunity as well as developers.
Elections have consequences and several council members were elected on the promise that they would listen to residents.
Please listen.I am sure none of my neighbors have asked for a 7 story hotel with no set backs.
Thank you for your time and attention to this matter.
Best regards,
Brooke Ezzat
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:Govind Tatachari <gtc2k7@gmail.com>
Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 4:01 PM
To:Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Liang Chao; Rod Sinks; Jon Robert Willey; Cupertino City Manager's Office; City
Attorney's Office; City Clerk
Subject:Agenda item 12 dated 1/21/2020 - a new 155-room seven-story hotel
Honorable Mayor Scharf,Vice Mayor Paul,Council Members Chao,Sinks,and Willey,and City Manager Feng,City Attorney
Minner and City Clerk Squarcia:
Over last few years,California has enacted several legislation which Cupertino must abide by that take away local control and
mandate increased density and intensity of development to increase housing supply.This is already destabilizing the land prices
and land use patterns all over the bay area.
The 2018 Cupertino city council election mandate was primarily about reducing the intensity and density of development in
Cupertino.
For Cupertino,the only defense against demand for increased density and intensity of development is the limits set in its
General Plan.General plan is the last lever available with the City to keep some check by way of building planes and vertical
development limit number of stories)and its various impacts.This includes rising demand for land to avail all the entitlements
and concessions that a developer may be able to extract from the City using various means.
GPAs that do away with building plane and setback requirements and vertical development limits on major thoroughfares
violate the very spirit of the General plan process and are a sure way to eat away at whatever little control the General Plan
provides.Such GPAs on a project by project basis that sidestep the current General plan limits to enable high profitability for
developers should be summarily rejected as inappropriate land use within the City.Only the City council can reject such GPAs
to discourage more projects requesting similar GPAs in the future,avoid unnecessary litigation for discrimination and avoid
their huge negative impact on environment and quality of life in Cupertino.
I request you to reject the GPA requested to build a new 155 room seven story hotel at GoodYear location as per Agenda
item 12 dated 1/21/2020.
Thank you for your time and attention.
Govind Tatachari
Cupertino Resident
1
Cyrah Caburian
From:City of Cupertino Written Correspondence
Subject:FW: ITEM #12 - Tonight's Agenda - Comment Letter - DeAnza Hotel Project - Cupertino
Attachments:012120 Comment Ltr - DeAnza Hotel - Cupertino.pdf; Agenda (1).pdf
From:Ed McCabe ed@better neighborhoods.com>
Sent:Tuesday,January 21,2020 5:10 PM
To:City Clerk CityClerk@cupertino.org>;City Council CityCouncil@cupertino.org>
Cc:Michael Goolsby michael@better neighborhoods.com>;Gian Martire GianM@cupertino.org>
Subject:ITEM 12 Tonight's Agenda Comment Letter DeAnza Hotel Project Cupertino
Please deliver this letter to the City Council at tonight’s hearing and include this letter in the administrative record for this
matter.
J. Michael Goolsby, CEO
Better Neighborhoods, Inc.
17901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600
Irvine, CA 92614
949) 556-8714
www.better neighborhoods.com/
From:Michael Goolsby michael@better neighborhoods.com>
Sent:Monday,December 2,2019 6:01 PM
To:GianM@cupertino.org
Cc:Ed McCabe ed@better neighborhoods.com>
Subject:Re:Comment Letter DeAnza Hotel Project Cupertino
Mr. Martire,
Please see attached comment letter regarding the above-referenced project.
Better Neighborhoods is an interested party with respect to this matter. Please acknowledge receipt and put
me on your notice list.
Thank you,
J. Michael Goolsby, CEO
Better Neighborhoods, Inc.
17901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600
Irvine, CA 92614
949) 556-8714
www.better neighborhoods.com/
117901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600
Irvine, CA 92614
949) 556-8714
www.better-neighborhoods.com/
January 21, 2020
Kirsten Squarcia, MMC
City Clerk for the City of Cupertino
City Council Members of the City of Cupertino
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
Email: cityclerk@cupertino.org
Re: De Anza Hotel Project – Cupertino
Members of the City Council,
This letter is submitted by Better Neighborhoods as a request that the City Council deny approval of
the Project and remand consideration of the Project to the Planning Commission for further study
and analysis to comply with the requirements of CEQA.
Better Neighborhoods is an organization established to help people have a voice in local
development decisions as prominent as that of planners and developers. Our aim is to encourage
smart growth consistent with the needs of the community while protecting the natural environment
and places of historic and aesthetic significance, supporting California’s need for affordable housing
and balancing the desire for growth with the need for features that make cities livable.
The proposed Project is a seven-story, 156-room hotel with rooftop bar and lounge and related
parking and other facilities, called the De Anza Hotel Project (the “Project”).
The Planning Commission considered and approved the Project. In doing so they reviewed and
approved the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (the “MND”). Better Neighborhoods
submitted a comment letter regarding several aspects of the MND. The staff submitted to the
Planning Commission a reply memorandum prepared by Placeworks, dated December 5, 2019.
The Placeworks memorandum (the “Response Memo”) purports to address all of the comments
raised by Better Neighborhoods. However, most of the comments by Placeworks in the
memorandum are either dismissive of the comments we have made, or are evasive or incorrect
responses, none of which address the fundamental CEQA issues raised by Better Neighborhoods.
City Council of Cupertino
Re: DeAnza Hotel Project
January 21, 2020
Page 2
We write this letter to the City Council in the hopes of explaining more fully our concerns with the
inadequate CEQA analysis undertaken for the proposed Project.
In the prior comment letter submitted to the Planning Commission and in this letter, Better
Neighborhoods provides substantial evidence for this administrative record that supports a fair
argument that the proposed Project might have a significant environmental impact not previously
considered. Accordingly, the City Council should deny the Project approval and remand the Project
to the Planning Commission for further and more complete CEQA review.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
The subject property very likely has an underground storage tank (“UST”) that contains waste oil.
In the MND, the Applicant admits that the geophysical survey was performed only “within
accessible areas of the site”. A substantial surface area of the site was ignored, and no borings were
performed, due to limited accessibility. This is discussed in Section VIII, Hazards and Hazardous
Materials, on page 4-44 and page 4-47 of the MND. As a result of this limited investigation, the
applicant has not found the location of the UST.
Nonetheless, the Environmental Data Resources (EDR) records show that the UST was installed at
the project site in 1973. There is no record of the UST removal. Therefore, one can and should
conclude that a UST remains buried somewhere on the site.
The Response Memo attempts to avoid this issue by claiming that the chances of finding the UST
are low. It continues by stating that even if the UST is discovered during grading of the site, the
developer will simply comply with California law and sample the soil, remove the tank, clean up
any toxins, and proceed with the project.
We know that the project will have four levels of subterranean parking. The massive hole that must
be created to allow for this underground garage is certain to come upon the UST. Before the
digging begins, we must understand the nature and extent of the contamination.
There is substantial evidence that the UST exists now. CEQA does not allow the City to defer the
nature, type and specification of a mitigation measure. In this case, if the UST has leaked and
contaminated surrounding soil and possibly groundwater, the whole cleanup process will be an
unknown new project. For this reason, the City should require as much additional boring and
testing as may be required until the UST is identified. Then, the soils samples should be taken to
confirm whether or not contamination has occurred. Then, when the facts are known, the City can
require an appropriate mitigation measure.
City Council of Cupertino
Re: DeAnza Hotel Project
January 21, 2020
Page 3
General Plan Amendment
The Project site, a 1.29-acre parcel at 10931 North De Anza Boulevard, is currently developed with
a one-story Goodyear Auto Service Center. The site is now designated under the General Plan as
Commercial/Residential, General Commercial (CG) with special development regulations (rg),
referred to as CG-rg.
This Project is in conflict with the General Plan. Simply Amending the General Plan to
accommodate this Project is improper.
The Vision for the Homestead Special Area is “The Homestead Villa neighborhood is largely
developed and is not anticipated to change in character.”
This General Plan Amendment is the worst sort of “spot zoning.” The staff report clearly states that
It should be noted that the General Plan amendments would only apply to the proposed hotel.” In
Foothill Communities Coalition v. County of Orange, the court of appeal concluded that spot zoning
can be found where an isolated parcel is zoned less restrictively than surrounding property. This
project is exactly this sort of impermissible spot zoning. The developer has not suggested, and there
is no reason why this Project should justify a General Plan Amendment. There is no substantial
public need for this hotel here, at this location in the City and this hotel project certainly is not in the
public interest.
Also, the City should not attempt to allocate hotel rooms across Special Areas within the General
Plan and change the height limitations within this Homestead Special Area – unless the City
conducts an exhaustive and thoughtful analysis of what the future will likely bring for development
across the City if this Project is approved. There are many, many unintended consequences of this
General Plan Amendment. For example, if this Project is approved, there will be increased pressure
and demand to densify properties near this Project site, and the City will have set a precedent with
this particular approval, thus making it much more likely that additional General Plan Amendments
will be approved for intense uses and for taller and more prominent buildings – thus further
changing the essential character of this area of the City. Also, if hotel rooms are moved out of other
Special Areas and placed into the Homestead area, the City has done nothing more that create
pressure for future plan amendment requests in the other Special Areas that are now losing allocated
hotel rooms.
The General Plan was approved after a very long and information rich process. Now, the CG
zoning district is intended to provide a means of guiding development to establish retail, office and
services “that ensure the maximum compatibility with surrounding residential areas.” This
Project is directly contradictory to this. The City should not be whimsical to alter the General Plan
just to accommodate one developer’s desire to build a hotel where it does not belong.
City Council of Cupertino
Re: DeAnza Hotel Project
January 21, 2020
Page 4
Compatibility with the General Plan
The MND fails to analyze and explain why this hotel Project should be approved, notwithstanding
all of the many inconsistencies with the General Plan.
Staff reports that “Staff has evaluated the proposed General Plan Amendments and concludes that
based on the net positive fiscal impacts of the project (see Attachment 7) and minimal
environmental impacts of the project, the proposed amendment supports several of the City’s other
General Plan goals including:…” However, staff fails entirely to comply with CEQA and identify,
analyze and explain all of inconsitiencies that the Project creates with the General Plan. The MND
is practically silent on all of the many inconsistencies between this Project and the General Plan.
There are many, many examples of this, but just a few are instructive:
First, Page PA-3 of the General Plan, regarding Special Areas, states that “[The Special Areas]
should be enhanced with more pedestrian, bicycle and transit facilities; supported by focused
development standards.” This Project does the opposite, including ignoring the development
standards that have been developed for this area.
Second, Page LU-12 of the General Plan (LU-1.3.1: Commercial and Residential Uses), regarding
Land Use Allocations, states that “All mixed-use areas with commercial zoning will require retail as
a substantial component.”. The Staff was a bit disingenuous when they refer to the compatibility of
the Project with Goal LU-1.3 – that encourages mixed use areas in certain circumstances. However,
the specific strategies for achieving this goal seem to preclude putting a hotel in the middle of this
residential area.
For this reason alone, the MND fails to comply with CEQA. The City should deny the approvals of
this Project and have the CEQA document updated to explore the General Plan inconsistencies. In
fact, Better Neighborhoods believes that CEQA requires a full environmental impact report to be
completed if the General Plan is to be amended.
We urge the City to deny the approvals and require that a full environmental impact report be
created, so that the requirements of CEQA can be met for a General Plan Amendment.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
IN our prior letter, Better Neighborhoods raises several questions about the GHG analysis in the
MND. The Response Memo attempts to respond to all of these comments, but does so
inadequately. First, we think the GHG analysis does not take into account all of the sensitive
receptors that will surround the Project. The City acknowledges that prior to mitigation, there will
be construction air quality impacts. The Response Memo sates that causing the large construction
equipment to use heavy duty air filters should bring the total GHG impacts to a level of less than
City Council of Cupertino
Re: DeAnza Hotel Project
January 21, 2020
Page 5
significant. We would like to see the arithmetic of how this was confirmed. Also, does this merely
create a smeared average of GHG toxins, but in fact result in some nearby sensitive receptors
actually receiving a large dose of the bad gases?
Also, Mitigation Measure GHG-1 for buying GHG “credits” or “offsets” is not a proper mitigation
measure. Even though the local air quality board may allow it, in fact this does nothing for the
neighbors that will be harmed by the bad GHG that the Project creates. We urge the City to reject
GHG offset credits, and instead require the developer to actually reduce the GHG emissions – not
simply pay to pretend they are not harmful. Al Gore may buy offsets so that he can fly in a private
jet with a clear conscience, but this is not a proper use of the City’s power to protect its citizens.
Noise and Light Nuisance
The Response Memo indicates that the noise study contemplated the decibel impact of multiple
human conversations from the roof top bar.
Better Neighborhoods primary noise concern about the rooftop bar relates to large events and
amplified sound. We require that to protect the surrounding sensitive receptors, the Hotel Project
should include a condition of approval that prohibits amplified sound (speakers, music,
megaphones, etc.) entirely. Also, it should prohibit more than a certain number of persons on the
rooftop at one time, based on the cumulative noise levels that could be created by a crowd.
In addition to the Noise issue, there is no analysis of light and glare impacts that will be created
when events occur on the bar rooftop area. We urge the City to deny the approvals, and require a
full analysis of all lighting fixtures, glare and colored, blinking or other lighting that will be visible
from surrounding properties.
We also require that to protect the surrounding sensitive receptors, the Hotel Project should include
a condition of approval that prohibits any bright lights, strobe lights, colored lighting or other
obnoxious use of light – if it can be seen from the surrounding neighborhood.
Light, Glare and Shadow
Better Neighborhoods previously asked for a shadow study. The Response Memo states that there
are no thresholds of significance, and that shadow studies are only conducted for impacts on public
spaces. This is not correct.
If there is no threshold of significance, then the City is obligated to use one that is otherwise
applicable, and possibly from another city.
The shadow impact we are concerned with is the shadow this overly tall building will throw onto
surrounding residential uses. Please complete a shadow study to show that nearby residences will
City Council of Cupertino
Re: DeAnza Hotel Project
January 21, 2020
Page 6
not use the reasonable use of their front yards and back yards – especially during the summer
months. We can recommend the thresholds of significance established by the City of Los Angeles
for shade and shadow impacts on residential properties.
Development Agreement
The City intends to enter into a Development Agreement with the applicant. The developer will
obtain substantial benefits under this agreement – not the least of which is a General Plan
Amendment that rezones their property and allows for this dense and incompatible project.
The only significant consideration provided by the applicant is a one-time $500,000 Community
Amenity Funding payment. In the context of a project that will cost perhaps $15 million or $20
million to complete, this fee is a paltry sum. Many cities negotiate Development Agreements that
result in much more favorable benefits for the City. The City and we citizens are entitled to receive
park fees, traffic mitigation fees, school fees and other benefits – that would justify the substantial
value being transferred to this developer.
We urge the City Council to deny this Development Agreement and return the negotiation to the
City Manager and the Planning Commission to come up with a Development Agreement that is not
a naked charity gift to this developer.
This letter provides substantial evidence for this administrative record that supports a fair argument
that the proposed Project might have a significant environmental impact not previously considered.
Accordingly, the City Council should deny the Project approval and remand the Project to the
Planning Commission for further and more complete CEQA review.
Sincerely,
Better Neighborhoods, Inc.
CC 1/ 21/ 20
#13 Abatement of
Public Nuisance
from Weeds
Written
Communications