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Written CommunicationsCC 1/21/20 Oral Communications Written Comments 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Fryhouse <fryhouse@earthlink.net> Sent:Wednesday, January 1, 2020 7:57 AM To:City Council; City of Cupertino Planning Dept.; Cupertino City Manager's Office; Roger Lee; City Clerk Subject:Public Comment response to the EPA Lehigh Consent Decree regarding air quality Attachments:Rhoda Fry Letter to EPA about EPA Lehigh Air Consent Decree December 31 ....pdf Please include as public comment for the next City Council Meeting To Whom It May Concern, The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is soliciting comment for a consent decree that affects air emissions at 11 Lehigh cement plants in eight states, including three cement plants in California. These emissions impact respiratory and cardiovascular human health, acid rain, and global warming. This EPA Consent Decree terminates a March 2010 Notice of Violation that alleges that Lehigh cement plants made changes to their plants without installing appropriate pollution controls for nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). As part of the EPA’s Cement Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative, this is the 12th settlement to address harmful air pollution from cement manufacturing facilities since 2008. The EPA press release is here: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/settlement- lehigh-cement-company-and-lehigh-white-cement-company-reduce-air-emissions Please find my comments attached. I sincerely hope that you can comment as well. The 30-day comment period ends on January 10, 2020. I suggest that you ask for an extension (see instructions below) because many organizations that would have otherwise responded have been closed during the comment period. Concerns Regarding all 11 Cement Plants and Specifically the Cupertino Plant 1. Proposed NOX and SO2 limits do not provide significant improvement over existing conditions. 2. NOX emissions for the Cupertino plant should be at most 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker, in parity with other plants, rather than the proposed 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker: a) The EPA is requiring 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker at many cement plants; the Cupertino plant is allowed 30% more at 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker. b) The Cupertino plant is in a densely populated area that already has pollution. More must be done to protect human health and Silicon Valley’s economic engine (a 2011 Bay Area Air Quality Management District study determined that reducing particulate matter in Santa Clara County would save nearly $3 billion in lifetime healthcare costs). c) The Cupertino plant has already demonstrated emissions lower than 1.5 lbs NOX / ton of clinker during stack testing, so reducing NOX should be feasible. d) The proposed 2.0 lbs NOX / ton of clinker offers little improvement over existing conditions; Cupertino plant recently reported annual emissions of 2.11 lbs NOX / ton of clinker. 3. SO2 emissions for the Cupertino plant should be at most 0.4 lbs SO2 / ton of clinker, in parity with other plants, rather than the proposed 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker (per test-and-set protocol). The test-and-set protocol would require the Cupertino plant to try to reduce emissions to no more than 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker during a demonstration period. A ceiling of 2.1 lbs SO2/ ton of clinker is too high; it is over five times the amount allowed at most Lehigh cement plants. a) SO2 emissions from the Cupertino plant are a big problem for the State of California. The Cupertino plant emits nearly 13% of all sulfur pollution in the State and is the second largest sulfur polluter among all California industries. Additionally, SO2 emissions from the Cupertino plant account for nearly half of sulfur emissions among the 8 cement plants in California and over half of sulfur emissions of the 11 cement plants nationwide named in the Consent Decree. More must be done to reduce sulfur pollution at the Cupertino plant. b) The proposed ceiling of 2.1 lbs SO2 / ton of clinker offers little improvement over existing conditions; Cupertino plant recently reported annual emissions of 2.17 lbs NOX / ton of clinker. 4. Guidelines pertaining to detached plume events (Appendix A) are unclear and unenforceable. 2 5. The Consent Decree absolves Lehigh of a blanket of potential violations; the scope of forgiveness must be narrowed. 6. The $120K fine for the Cupertino plant neither deters future violations nor mitigates over a decade of excess pollution. The fine must be higher. 7. It is unacceptable to allow some pollutants to increase, leading to a different degradation in air quality, to reduce other pollutants. For example, the proposed Cupertino Title V air permit allows a 32% increase in ammonia, a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC), from 1,850,000 to 2,450,000 gallons per year. 8. The 30-day response period should be extended to 60 days because most organizations have been unavailable to comment during the December 11 to January 10 response period. Comment Instructions Address to: Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division Refer to: United States, et al. v. Lehigh Cement Company LLC and Lehigh White Cement Company, LLC, D.J. Ref. No. 90–5– 2–1– 08531/1 e-mail: pubcomment-ees.enrd@ usdoj.gov. mail: Assistant Attorney General, U.S. DOJ— ENRD, P.O. Box 7611, Washington, D.C. 20044–7611 https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1225221/download Regards, Rhoda Fry, Cupertino Page 1 of 5 December 31, 2019 Rhoda Fry 10351 San Fernando Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 fryhouse@earthlink.net Assistant Attorney General Environment and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice pubcomment-ees.enrd@usdoj.gov Mike Stoker, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9 stoker.michael@epa.gov; r9.info@epa.gov Gautam Srinivasan, Acting Associate General Counsel, EPA Air and Radiation Law Office srinivasan.gautam@epa.gov Jack P. Broadbent, BAAQMD CEO, jbroadbent@baaqmd.gov Re: United States, et al. v. Lehigh Cement Company LLC and Lehigh White Cement Company, LLC, D.J. Ref. No. 90–5–2–1– 08531/1 Dear Assistant Attorney General, I have resided within 2.5 miles of the Lehigh cement plant in Cupertino, California for over thirty- five years. The limestone quarry that feeds the cement plant is also known as Lehigh Hanson, Lehigh Southwest Cement, Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Cement, and HeidelbergCement Group of Germany. Although I am representing my own opinions, they are likely shared by many of my neighbors and those impacted by Lehigh cement plants nationwide. In 2010, we became increasingly concerned about the impacts of the plant on our community when we learned that the amount of mercury pollution had been grossly underestimated by modeling emissions using the US average of mercury in limestone rather than by measuring the high- mercury local limestone or by conducting on-the-fence testing. Why hadn’t mercury in the local limestone previously been considered? After all, that limestone comes from the same Franciscan geologic formation that created the Almaden Quicksilver mine nearby, the most productive mercury mine in the US. The results of around 1400 pounds per year of mercury pollution were sobering and the absence of a central stack further raised our angst. We have also been subjected to noise, dust, shaking of our homes during blasting, suspicious fires, unannounced experimental tire-burning, and numerous pollution incidents. The Cupertino site has been the subject of several superfund investigations and continues to be chronically out of compliance with the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. In 1989, the County fined the site for improper storage and handling of hazardous materials. In April 2015, the EPA settled with the facility for toxic discharges into Permanente Creek, which leads to the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Later that year, in September 2015, the EPA settled with the facility for failing to properly report releases of toxic chemicals. Now after 10 years, the EPA is finally addressing a March 2010 Notice of Violation alleging that Lehigh generated excess pollution by failing to install appropriate pollution controls. I am writing you to request that the EPA demand a greater reduction in Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions from the cement plant in Cupertino, Santa Clara County, California than those in the December 2019 Consent Decree.1 Also, since most government offices and organizations are unavailable during a significant portion of the public comment period, please extend the 30-day period, ending on January 10, 2020, to 60 days. 1 EPA consent decree news release www.epa.gov/newsreleases/settlement-lehigh-cement-company- and-lehigh-white-cement-company-reduce-air-emissions Page 2 of 5 The EPA must implement more stringent standards at the Cupertino plant (and possibly others) to protect human health and impose higher fines to deter noncompliance. Protecting Human Health NOX and SO2 create acid rain and fine particulate matter which causes cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and premature death. Particulate matter is a contributing factor to asthma, which affects 257,000 children and adults in Santa Clara County.2 Additionally, the County could save nearly $3 billion in health-care costs by reducing particulate matter pollution, according to a 2011 study by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD).3 The Cupertino cement plant is not only the biggest polluter in the densely-populated Silicon Valley, but also a major polluter in the State of California. The Cupertino plant is the second highest sulfur polluter in the California. In 2017, it emitted 1393 tons of SO2 accounting for 12.7% of the state’s industrial sulfur pollution4 and 55% of SO2 from the 11 Lehigh cement plants named in the consent decree. Another measure of Lehigh Cupertino’s impact on air quality is that it is third highest payer of non-vehicular source fees ($756K) to the California Air Resources Board (CARB).5 Since Lehigh has already nearly demonstrated the EPA proposed limits and existing pollution is detrimental to human health, the EPA must impose more stringent pollution limits and/or production limits to protect Silicon Valley’s residents and its economic engine. Imposing Higher Fines The proposed $120K BAAQMD fine is insufficient to discourage future offenses or mitigate damages. The Cupertino plant has been continuously out of compliance with the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. Likewise, as measured by the U.S. Department of Labor Mining Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposed labor-safety fines, the Cupertino plant is the most unsafe of the 8 cement plants in California. The fines for excess pollution and flouting EPA regulations must be higher. The Cupertino cement plant must be held to standards that are at least as stringent as those proposed for other Lehigh cement plants named in the Consent Decree. This request is also consistent with the most restrictive limits set by the EPA in eleven other Cement Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative settlements since 2008.6 Table 1: Proposed and Requested NOX and SO2 Emission Rates Pollutant EPA Proposed Requested NOX lbs /ton of clinker1 2.0 1.5 SO2 lbs /ton of clinker 2.12 0.4 1. Clinker, a precursor to cement, measures production levels 2. 2.1 lbs or lower per Consent Decree Test-and-Set Protocol 2 2016 Santa Clara County asthma data www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/EHIB/CPE/CDPH%20Document%20Library/County%20p rofiles/Santa%20Clara%202016%20profile.pdf 3 BAAQMD. “Health Impact Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter in the San Francisco Bay Area.” September 2011, p 7, www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/Files/Planning%20and%20Research/Research%20and%20Modeling/Cost%2 0analysis%20of%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20in%20the%20Bay%20Area.ashx 4 CARB Mapping tool ww3.arb.ca.gov/ei/tools/pollution_map/ 5 Nonvehicular Source Fees ww3.arb.ca.gov/ei/nscpac_fees/nscpac_fees.htm 6 EPA Cement Manufacturing Enforcement Initiative www.epa.gov/enforcement/cement-manufacturing- enforcement-initiative#lawsuits Page 3 of 5 The proposed limits for Cupertino offer minimal improvement over existing emissions and stack-testing levels as shown in the tables below. Please also consider reducing production levels to reduce pollution. Table 2: Cupertino Emission Rates Compared with Proposed and Requested Rules Cupertino Plant 2017 Emissions 2016 Emissions Proposed Rule Requested Rule Production tons1 1100000 1200000 NOX total tons2 1208 1268 NOX total lbs 2416000 2536000 NOX lbs /ton of clinker 2.20 2.11 2.0 1.5 SO2 total tons2 1393 1300 SO2 total lbs 2786000 2600000 SO2 lbs /ton of clinker 2.53 2.17 2.13 0.4 1. Email from BAAQMD 2. CARB mapping tool 3. Max after Test-and-Set Protocol Nitrogen Oxides - NOX The proposed EPA rule is 2.0 lbs NOX /ton of clinker. The current BAAQMD rule is 2.3 lbs NOX /ton of clinker. 2016 actual emissions were 2.11 lbs NOX /ton of clinker, which is within 5% of the current EPA proposal; 2017 emissions were slightly higher. As shown in the table below, the Cupertino plant has demonstrated during multiple stack tests obtained from BAAQMD that it can achieve below 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker. Please require 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker or less in line with other plants. Table 3: Cupertino NOX Stack Test Results Demonstrate Requested Emission Rates NOX lbs /ton of clinker Test Report Number Stack Test Dates average 1.3 16124 1/12/16 to 1/14/16 average 1.4 16146 01/12/16 thru 01/14/16 average 1.8 17179 6/28/17 & 6/29/17 average 1.6 17181 06/28/17 thru 6/30/17 Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 The proposed EPA rule is 2.1 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker (maximum per test-and-set protocol). The current BAAQMD rule is 481 lbs / hour, which pencils out to 3.8 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker (according to BAAQMD); this is an artificially high limit. As shown in the table at the top of this page, Lehigh achieved 2.17 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker in 2016, which is within 4% of the current EPA proposal; 2017 emissions were slightly higher. Even if SO2 emissions were cut by nearly 60%, the plant would remain in the top three sulfur polluters in California and the top sulfur polluter among Lehigh’s cement plants. Please require 0.4 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker or less in line with other cement plants. The population density within 3 miles of the cement plants named in the settlement, current NOX and SO2 emissions, and proposed limits, as shown the table on the following page, demonstrate that the EPA is not doing enough for the residents of Santa Clara County. The Cupertino plant is very close to a densely-populated area and emits high levels of NOX and SO2. Cupertino’s staggering SO2 emissions account for 12.7% of the State of California’s industrial sulfur pollution and 55% of 11 Lehigh plants named in the consent decree. Again, please require 1.5 lbs NOX /ton of clinker and 0.4 lbs SO2 /ton of clinker or less for Cupertino, in line with other cement plants. Page 4 of 5 This table lists 2017 NOX and SO2 emissions, proposed emission rates per ton of clinker, and population within 3 miles of the 11 Lehigh cement plants named in the Consent Decree in order of the three cement plants in California, followed by 7 other plants in alphabetic order by State. Table 4: Population and Emission Data for Lehigh Plants and Proposed Emission Rates Reference Plant Name Population within 3 miles2 2017 NOX lbs 2017 SO2 lbs Proposed NOX lbs /ton Proposed SO2 lbs /ton Cupertino, CA 49,976 2,415,340 2,785,782 2.0 2.13 Redding, CA 1,372 1,206,160 16,540 1.9 0.4 Tehachapi, CA 382 30,340 420 1.5 0.4 Leeds, AL 12,671 3,505,580 147,860 2.5 0.4 Mitchell, IN1 6,113 3,694,589 1,080,841 1.5 0.4 Mason City, IA 19,803 2,032,200 424,484 1.5 0.8 Union Bridge, MD 3,392 5,120,250 7,900 2.1 0.4 Glens Falls, NY 40,547 1,465,421 68,673 2.5 0.4 Evansville, PA 10,827 1,658,060 460,599 3.0 0.6 York, PA 65,046 249,000 400 3.8 2.8 Waco, TX 24,052 855,416 55,994 8.2 7.5 1. Only new kiln limit listed 2. Data from EPA ECHO 3. Max after Test-and-Set Protocol Additional Requests and Concerns 1. Please add a requirement that Lehigh may not promote physical or operational changes to their plants as a result of this agreement without also stating that these changes have been made pursuant to this Consent Decree. Lehigh must not benefit from being out of compliance with the Clean Air Act for at least 10 years. For example, the EPA included a similar requirement in a 2015 Consent Agreement and Final Order with Lehigh Cupertino Docket No. EPCRA-09-2015-0002 as follows: 41. Any public statement, oral or written, in print, film, or other media, made by Respondent making reference to either of the SEPs under this CAFO shall include the following language: "This project was undertaken as part of a settlement of an enforcement action taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act." 2. Please change to Appendix C page 1 II, 1. “without violating any local, state and/or federal limits for other pollutants” to “without incurring any other degradation in air quality and/or violating any local, state and/or federal limits for other pollutants” a) We are concerned by the recent addition and anticipated increase of ammonia to reduce NOX emissions to Cupertino’s proposed Title V Permit. The facility should reduce NOX without introducing other reductions in air quality. Perhaps reducing production should be considered. For example, Lehigh requested an ammonia hydroxide increase from 1,850,000 to 2,450,000 gallons per year, which results in an increase from 310 to 410 trucks per year.7 This strategy adds more ammonia, a toxic Air Contaminant (TAC), into our air along with pollution from 100 more trucks per year. b) Another concern is adding to the Cupertino lime injection system which might also generate more truck trips. The lime injection system is not failsafe; in 2019, the Cupertino lime injection system failed multiple times, sending clouds of white fog over the mountain. 3. The zip code for Lehigh Cupertino should probably be 95014, not 95015. 4. How can detached plume events be monitored at night? 5. Can continuous video monitoring for the detached plume and other pollution be required? 7 BAAQMD Title V permit responses www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/engineering/title-v- permits/a0017/a0017_11_2019_publiccom_04lehigh_responses_2ndpn_04-pdf.pdf?la=en Page 5 of 5 6. Detached plumes contain harmful particulate matter. The Consent Decree allows NOx to be negotiated up per Appendix A 4-viii. To protect human health, neither a detached plume nor NOx (or other pollutant) excesses beyond the original agreed amounts should be allowed. 7. The rules in Appendix A are extremely vague and need to be re-written. For example, how long is an event? Can there be multiple events in one day? If the operator does nothing, does that mean that there was no event? As written, Appendix A appears to be unenforceable. 8. Item #92 “Consent Decree shall resolve all civil liability … prior to the Date of Lodging of the Consent Decree” should be changed to “Consent Decree shall resolve all civil liability … prior to the Date of Lodging of the 2010 Notice of Violation.” Just because it took the EPA 10 years to resolve the NOV, Lehigh must not be absolved of additional wrongdoing since then. 9. Why are sulfur emissions so high in Cupertino? Which source materials make sulfur emissions so much higher than other cement plants in California and the U.S.? 10. BAAQMD has consistently ignored pollution from explosives and blasting. Given that Lehigh intends to increase blasting at the surface to 1100 tons of explosives annually,8 please intervene. 11. While we are grateful that the EPA is taking action, it is shameful that neighbors of Lehigh’s plants have been needlessly exposed to excess pollution for at least 10 years. The importance of reducing air pollution must not be underestimated. Commenting on a similar settlement in 2016, Assistant Attorney General John C. Cruden for the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division said, “The cement sector is a significant source of air pollution posing real health risks to the communities where they reside, including vulnerable communities across the U.S. who deserve better air quality than they have gotten over the years. This agreement will require CEMEX to pay a penalty and install important pollution controls to achieve reductions in harmful air emissions, thereby making CEMEX a better neighbor to local residents.” 9 12. The Cupertino cement plant air emissions are extraordinarily high in sulfur (hydrochloric acid, VOCs, and more). Air, water and workers are exposed to industrial and naturally-occurring contaminants detected at elevated levels in soils and cement kiln dust: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, PCBs, and selenium.10 At what point will the regulatory agencies determine that this site is neither suitable for mining nor for cement production? 13. It is unfortunate that Consent Decree only measures pollution per ton of clinker rather than also considering the human impact on a per-person or total pollution basis. Thank you for the opportunity to submit these comments. I hope that the EPA and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District can find ways to implement these recommendations that will improve the health of residents, reduce health-care costs thereby igniting Silicon Valley’s economic engine, invest in greener pollution controls, and reduce local contributions to global climate change. Finally, please also consider these comments as they applicable to the other cement plants named in the Consent Decree. Sincerely, Rhoda Fry, Cupertino, California cc: government and environmental organizations 8 Permanente Quarry Application Package Binder 2 of 2, May 2019, Page 4-8 www.sccgov.org/sites/dpd/DocsForms/Documents/2250_2019RPA_ProjectDescription_EnvironmentalInf o.pdf 9 2016 EPA CEMEX news release www.epa.gov/enforcement/reference-news-release-cement- manufacturer-cemex-reduce-harmful-air-pollution-five 10 Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District appeal letter to the County 2012 and EPA site assessment. pdf pages 6 and 45 www.sccgov.org/sites/dpd/DocsForms/Documents/Lehigh_BOS_20120626_Appeal_MROSD.pdf • • Cupertino Chamber of Commerce & Asian American Business Council Invites you ,, ---- Luncheon 2020 Celebrating the Year of the Rat February 7, 2020 • 11:30 AM -1:30 PM Cupertino Room -Quinlan Community Center Celebrating our 2020 15~ !7b»allcf eeS Bridge Award Business Meriwest Credit Union Bridge Award Individual Colean Tang -'&--,· - CUPERTINO EDUCATION F A I R February 1 st For more information visit: cupertino -chamber.org f W @) in @CupChamber CC 1/21/20 Study Session Item #2 Report on Homelessness Written Communications 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Connie Cunningham <cunninghamconniel@gmail.com> Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 4:24 PM To:Rod Sinks; Steven Scharf; Jon Robert Willey; Darcy Paul; Liang Chao Subject:Homelessness Study Session, January 21, 2020  Homelessness Study Session  Cupertino City Council  January 21, 2020 Dear Mayor, Vice Mayor and Councilmembers,  Education is the bedrock of a democratic society. It has been the beating heart of Cupertino since I moved here. I value education. So do all my neighbors.  It is in everyone’s best interests to ensure that all children and young people receive a good education. educated people contribute to our community in so many ways: working, leading full lives, raising strong families, caring for the environment and ensuring our government works well.  Blocks to education defeat these goals. As we will hear this evening, many De Anza students face housing insecurity. That is a huge block. These students may never reach their dreams or our goals for them. By failing them, we fail ourselves, too.  On a more personal level, I simply cannot imagine trying to keep up my studies while worrying about where I was going to sleep. Although my family was working poor, California was good to its students. When I went to college, I always lived the full school year in a dorm room or shared an apartment. I lived home with my family during the summer while I worked. The school year dorm or apartment could be paid for with one job, a waitressing job, for the summer.  Today, a summer job does not take care of housing. Not even close.  I am heartened to see this Staff Report outline ways that our community can take steps to ensure that students have a place to live while they work and study. We value education. Let us step up and make students’ experiences here in Cupertino among their best memories. Sincerely, Connie Cunningham 🔍Watch out for typos; Siri might be on duty. CC 1/21/20 Item #9 Legislative Platform Written Communications 13. Support transportation legislation that would provide direct tangible benefits to Cupertino and the surrounding region, including: a.reinforcing the importance of creating new transit on SR85 as well as I-280 that bring people to the jobs-rich cities to the north and west of San Jose. b.Support the preservation of 2016 Measure B funds of $350 million, that are dedicated to transit on SR85. c.supporting funding of new transportation measures in an equitable manner. CC 1/21/20 #9 Cm. Sinks Written Comments CC 1/21/20 Item #10 Green Building Standards Codes Written Communications 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Adam Horn <ahorn@nalobby.net> Sent:Thursday, January 16, 2020 2:40 PM To:City Clerk; Grace Schmidt, MMC; Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Rod Sinks; Liang Chao; Jon Robert Willey Cc:Kirsten Squarcia Subject:Opposition to Reach Code adoption Attachments:Opposition to Reach Code_City of Cupertino_1-16-2020.pdf Please find attached a letter of opposition, on behalf of the California Pool and Spa Association, to the adoption to the 2019 California Energy & Green Building Standards Code (Reach Codes) to be considered by the City Council on January 21, 2020. Please let me know if there are any questions. Thank you, Adam Horn Legislative Coordinator 915 L Street, Suite 1100 Sacramento, CA 95814 916‐447‐5053 916‐516‐2400 (c) ahorn@nalobby.net E-MAIL NOTICE This e-mail message is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and/or privileged information. Any review, use, disclosure or distribution by persons or entities other than the intended recipient(s) is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply and destroy all copies of the original message. Thank you. To reply to our E-mail Administrator directly, please call (916) 447-5053 and delete this email. 915 L Street · Suite 1100 · Sacramento · CA · 95814 916.447.5053 January 16, 2020 City Manager Deborah Feng City of Cupertino 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-3366 RE: Opposition to All-Electric Reach Code Dear City Manager Feng: I am submitting these comments in opposition to local adoption to the 2019 California Energy & Green Building Standards Code (Reach Codes) to be considered by the City Council on second reading set for January 21, 2020. My name is John A. Norwood. I am the Chief of Government Relations for the California Pool & Spa Association (CPSA). CPSA is a statewide trade association that represents all segments of the swimming pool and hot tub industry in California. This includes manufacturers of equipment to operate swimming pools, hot tubs, ancillary equipment, testing and safety products, outdoor kitchens and recreation areas, swimming pool and spa builders, subcontractors, and the swimming pool maintenance and service industry. The swimming pool and hot tub industry is an exceptional contributor to the California economy. In 2014, PK Data, Inc. opined that the swimming pool & spa industry contributed roughly $5 billion annually to the California economy. This number did not include costs associated with the pool remodeling industry or the hot tub industry. In fact, California is the biggest market in the world for swimming pools and hot tubs. Moreover, the industry provides good-paying jobs in communities throughout California, supports numerous individuals and firms that are in the construction subcontracting business, and employs tens of thousands of people in the pool and hot tub maintenance and service business. Swimming pool contractors purchase their construction materials, i.e., steel, cement, tile, sand, lumber, electrical, plumbing, and drainage materials locally, thus supporting other local businesses. The economic effect of this industry is multiplied by the demand for pool/hot tub chemicals, toys, backyard furniture, barbeques, outdoor kitchens, fire pits, fireplaces, and lighting desired by both commercial and residential owners of swimming pools and hot tubs. The “California Dream,” so to speak, is still a home in the suburbs with a big backyard and a swimming pool. This fact is supported by the last five years of record-breaking pool construction since the nation emerged from the 2009 economic meltdown. This trend is destined to continue as in numerous areas of the state, 50% of new home buyers are millennials, many of which desire a home with a backyard swimming pool, hot tub, or exercise pool. The goal of eliminating the use of natural gas in California, providing incentives for home builders to construct new housing tracts without natural gas lines or hookups, or otherwise phasing out the use of natural gas, will undermine the swimming pool and hot tub business in 915 L Street · Suite 1100 · Sacramento · CA · 95814 916.447.5053 California, resulting in a significant economic blow to the state, as well as depriving millions of Californians of a backyard place for staycations that they so desire. In the swimming pool and spa industry, pool heaters, fire pits, fireplaces, decorative fire features, pizza ovens, barbeques, outdoor ranges, and outdoor space heating all operate on natural gas. Together these elements produce spaces in backyards that provide families a place for recreation, exercise, entertainment, and relaxation. The pool and spa industry do utilize solar heating and electric heating where possible, especially for hot tubs, but there are no current alternatives to heating swimming pools in numerous commercial settings, in coastal and mountain residential areas of the state, or at night for homeowners. The same is true for outdoor kitchens and recreational areas relative to fire pits, fireplaces, outdoor space heating, and outdoor cooking equipment. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, one of California’s major goals in this proceeding is to improve energy and housing affordability. We do not believe the elimination of natural gas in California will accomplish either. Energy costs in California are extremely high as compared to other Western states. The cost of electricity from both traditional and renewable sources is significantly higher than natural gas and not as efficient. As such, even if there were practical alternatives to natural gas for the equipment installed by the swimming pool and hot tub industry, a change would result in a higher-priced and less efficient product, thus making it more difficult for homeowners, schools, recreational and commercial facilities to be able to afford it. Swimming pools and hot tubs use only an estimated 4% of the natural gas demand in California. This industry should not be the target of these efforts and could be exempted from efforts to reduce the carbon footprint from the way we heat residential building and water systems. However, without natural gas hookups in new residential and commercial construction, citizens of this state that reside in these areas will be deprived of all the benefits associated with access to swimming pools and hot tubs. For all of the above reasons, we would urge the council to reconsider action on this proposed ordinance. Sincerely, JOHN A. NORWOOD Norwood Associates, LLC 916-447-5053 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Bruce Naegel <bnaegel@sustainablesv.org> Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 12:55 PM To:Steven Scharf; Rod Sinks; Liang Chao; Jon Robert Willey; Darcy Paul Subject:Please pass the REACH code ordinance tonight. Dear Mayor Scharf, Vice Mayor Paul , Council Member Chao, Council Member Sinks and Council Member Willey, Thanks to the Cupertino Council for voting Yes at the First Reading for the REACH code for all‐electric buildings. You are keeping Cupertino in the front of sustainability issues in Santa Clara County. Thanks to the work of Cupertino in the past, Silicon Valley Clean Energy is a reality. Please complete the work with a Yes vote at the Second Reading. The youth will know that you helped move the earth to a place where they have a planet they can inhabit. Thanks again. Bruce Naegel Metrics and Research Director Sustainable Silicon Valley To help protect your privacy, Microsoft Office prevented automatic download of this picture from the Internet. 650 996 5793 Mobile bnaegel@sustainablesv.org To help protect your priv acy, Microsoft Office prevented automatic download of this picture from the Internet. CC 1/21/20 Item #12 De Anza Hotel Written Communications 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Paige Fennie <paige@lozeaudrury.com> Sent:Monday, January 20, 2020 9:55 AM To:City Council; City Clerk; Gian Martire Cc:Michael Lozeau; Hannah Hughes Subject:De Anza Hotel Project MND Comment Attachments:2020.01.20 LIUNA De Anza Hotel MND Comment Letter.pdf Dear Mayor Scharf, Honorable City Council Members, Ms. Schmidt and Mr. Martire, Please find attached a comment submitted on behalf of Laborers International Union of North America, Local Union No. 270 (LIUNA) regarding the De Anza Hotel Project MND. If you could please confirm receipt of the comment, it would be appreciated. Thank you, ‐‐ Paige Fennie Legal Fellow Lozeau | Drury LLP 1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150 Oakland, California 94612 (510) 836‐4200 (510) 836‐4205 (fax) paige@lozeaudrury.com -DQXDU\ Via E-Mail and Hand Delivery 0D\RU6WHYHQ6FKDUI *LDQ3DROR0DUWLUH$VVRFLDWH3ODQQHU 9LFH0D\RU'DUF\3DXO &LW\RI&XSHUWLQR &RXQFLOPHPEHU5RG6LQNV &RPPXQLW\'HYHORSPHQW'HSDUWPHQW &RXQFLOPHPEHU/LDQJ&KDR 3ODQQLQJ'LYLVLRQ &RXQFLOPHPEHU-RQ:LOOH\ 7RUUH$YHQXH /DXUHQ6DSXGDU([HFXWLYH$VVLVWDQWWR&LW\&RXQFLO &XSHUWLQR&$ 7RUUH$YHQXHJLDQP#FXSHUWLQRRUJ &XSHUWLQR&$ FLW\FRXQFLO#FXSHUWLQRRUJ *UDFH6FKPLGW&LW\&OHUN &LW\RI&XSHUWLQR 7RUUH$YHQXH &XSHUWLQR&$ FLW\FOHUN#FXSHUWLQRRUJ 5H &RPPHQWRQWKH'H$Q]D+RWHO3URMHFW*3$'3$6$ '$8($ 'HDU0D\RU6FKDUI+RQRUDEOH&LW\&RXQFLO0HPEHUV0V6FKPLGWDQG0U0DUWLUH ,DPZULWLQJRQEHKDOIRIWKH/DERUHUV,QWHUQDWLRQDO8QLRQRI1RUWK$PHULFD/RFDO 8QLRQ1R³/,81$´DQGLWVPHPEHUVUHJDUGLQJWKH,QLWLDO6WXG\DQG0LWLJDWHG1HJDWLYH 'HFODUDWLRQFROOHFWLYHO\WKH³01'´SUHSDUHGIRUWKH'H$Q]D+RWHO3URMHFW³3URMHFW´*3$ '3$6$'$8($IRU$SSOLFDQW 6KHUO\.ZRNRI'H$Q]D3URSHUWLHV³$SSOLFDQW´LQFOXGLQJDOODFWLRQVUHODWHGRUUHIHUULQJWR WKHSURSRVHGGHPROLWLRQRIWKHH[LVWLQJFRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIDKRWHO7KH 3URMHFWVLWHLVORFDWHGDW1RUWK'H$Q]D%RXOHYDUGLQWKH&LW\RI&XSHUWLQR&DOLIRUQLD $31 2Q$XJXVWRXURIILFHVXEPLWWHGD&(4$DQG/DQG8VH1RWLFH5HTXHVWRQ EHKDOIRI/,81$WR0U*LDQ3DROR0DUWLUH0U%HQMDPLQ)XDQG0V*UDFH6FKPLGW UHTXHVWLQJWKDWWKH&LW\RI&XSHUWLQR³&LW\´VHQGXVQRWLFHRIDQ\DQGDOODFWLRQVRUKHDULQJV UHODWHGWRDFWLYLWLHVXQGHUWDNHQDXWKRUL]HGDSSURYHGSHUPLWWHGOLFHQVHGRUFHUWLILHGE\WKH&LW\ DQGDQ\RILWVVXEGLYLVLRQVRQWKH3URMHFWSee([KLELW':HGLGQRWUHFHLYHQRWLFHRIWKH 'H$Q]D+RWHO3URMHFW -DQXDU\ 3DJHRI 3ODQQLQJ&RPPLVVLRQPHHWLQJKHOGRQ'HFHPEHUDWZKLFKWKH3ODQQLQJ&RPPLVVLRQ FRQVLGHUHGUHFRPPHQGLQJWKH0LWLJDWHG1HJDWLYH'HFODUDWLRQ³01'´WR&LW\&RXQFLOIRU DGRSWLRQ7KHVHFRPPHQWVZRXOGKDYHEHHQVXEPLWWHGDWWKDWPHHWLQJDQGZHZRXOGKDYH DWWHQGHGWKHPHHWLQJLIZHKDGUHFHLYHGQRWLFHDVUHTXHVWHG $IWHUUHYLHZLQJWKH3URMHFWDQG01'LWLVHYLGHQWWKDWWKH01'LVLQDGHTXDWHDQGIDLOV DVDQLQIRUPDWLRQDOGRFXPHQWEHFDXVHWKHUHLVD³IDLUDUJXPHQW´WKDWWKH3URMHFWPD\KDYH XQPLWLJDWHGDGYHUVHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWV7KHUHIRUH&(4$UHTXLUHVWKDWWKH&LW\RI &XSHUWLQRSUHSDUHDQHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWUHSRUW³(,5´IRUWKH3URMHFWSXUVXDQWWRWKH &DOLIRUQLD(QYLURQPHQWDO4XDOLW\$FW³&(4$´3XEOLF5HVRXUFHV&RGHVHFWLRQHWVHT 7KLVFRPPHQWKDVEHHQSUHSDUHGZLWKWKHDVVLVWDQFHRI&HUWLILHG,QGXVWULDO+\JLHQLVW )UDQFLV2IIHUPDQ3(&,+HQYLURQPHQWDOFRQVXOWLQJILUP6:$3(DQGQRLVHH[SHUW'HUHN :DWU\0U2IIHUPDQQ¶VFRPPHQWDQGFXUULFXOXPYLWDHDUHDWWDFKHGDV([KLELW$KHUHWRDQGDUH LQFRUSRUDWHGKHUHLQE\UHIHUHQFHDQGHQWLUHW\6:$3(¶VFRPPHQWDQGFXUULFXOXPYLWDHDUH DWWDFKHGDV([KLELW%KHUHWRDQGDUHLQFRUSRUDWHGKHUHLQE\UHIHUHQFHLQWKHLUHQWLUHW\0U :DWU\¶VFRPPHQWDQGFXUULFXOXPYLWDHDUHDWWDFKHGDV([KLELW&KHUHWRDQGDUHLQFRUSRUDWHG KHUHLQE\UHIHUHQFHLQWKHLUHQWLUHW\ ,352-(&7%$&.*5281' $SSOLFDQWSURSRVHVWRGHPROLVKWKHH[LVWLQJFRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJRQWKH3URMHFWVLWHDQG FRQVWUXFWDVHYHQVWRU\KRWHOZLWKXSWRURRPVDURRIWRSWHUUDFHORXQJHEDUJURXQGIORRU FRQIHUHQFHIDFLOLWLHVDUHVWDXUDQWDQGIRXUOHYHOVRIEHORZJUDGHSDUNLQJ ,,67$1',1* 0HPEHUVRI/,81$/RFDOOLYHZRUNDQGRUUHFUHDWHLQWKHYLFLQLW\RIWKH3URMHFW 6LWH7KHVHPHPEHUVZLOOVXIIHUWKHLPSDFWVRIDSRRUO\H[HFXWHGRULQDGHTXDWHO\PLWLJDWHG 3URMHFWMXVWDVZRXOGWKHPHPEHUVRIDQ\QHDUE\KRPHRZQHUVDVVRFLDWLRQFRPPXQLW\JURXSRU HQYLURQPHQWDOJURXS/,81$/RFDOPHPEHUVOLYHDQGZRUNLQDUHDVWKDWZLOOEHDIIHFWHGE\ WUDIILFQRLVHDLUSROOXWLRQZLOGOLIHLPSDFWVDQGJUHHQKRXVHJDV³*+*´HPLVVLRQVJHQHUDWHG E\WKH3URMHFW7KHUHIRUH/,81$/RFDODQGLWVPHPEHUVKDYHDGLUHFWLQWHUHVWLQHQVXULQJ WKDWWKH3URMHFWLVDGHTXDWHO\DQDO\]HGDQGWKDWLWVHQYLURQPHQWDODQGSXEOLFKHDOWKLPSDFWVDUH PLWLJDWHGWRWKHIXOOHVWH[WHQWSRVVLEOH ,,,/(*$/67$1'$5'6 $VWKH&DOLIRUQLD6XSUHPH&RXUWKDVKHOG³>L@IQR(,5KDVEHHQSUHSDUHGIRUD QRQH[HPSWSURMHFWEXWVXEVWDQWLDOHYLGHQFHLQWKHUHFRUGVXSSRUWVDIDLUDUJXPHQWWKDWWKH SURMHFWPD\UHVXOWLQVLJQLILFDQWDGYHUVHLPSDFWVWKHSURSHUUHPHG\LVWRRUGHUSUHSDUDWLRQRIDQ (,5´Communities for a Better Env’t v. 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Offermann PE CIH Subject: Indoor Air Quality: De Anza Hotel – Cupertino, CA (IEE File Reference: P-4327) Pages: 15 Indoor Air Quality Impacts Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly impacts the comfort and health of building occupants, and the achievement of acceptable IAQ in newly constructed and renovated buildings is a well-recognized design objective. For example, IAQ is addressed by major high- performance building rating systems and building codes (California Building Standards Commission, 2014; USGBC, 2014). Indoor air quality in homes is particularly important because occupants, on average, spend approximately ninety percent of their time indoors with the majority of this time spent at home (EPA, 2011). Some segments of the population that are most susceptible to the effects of poor IAQ, such as the very young and the elderly, occupy their homes almost continuously. Additionally, an increasing number of adults are working from home at least some of the time during the workweek. Indoor air quality also is a serious concern for workers in hotels, offices and other business establishments. The concentrations of many air pollutants often are elevated in homes and other buildings relative to outdoor air because many of the materials and products used indoors contain 2 and release a variety of pollutants to air (Hodgson et al., 2002; Offermann and Hodgson, 2011). With respect to indoor air contaminants for which inhalation is the primary route of exposure, the critical design and construction parameters are the provision of adequate ventilation and the reduction of indoor sources of the contaminants. Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrations Impact. In the California New Home Study (CNHS) of 108 new homes in California (Offermann, 2009), 25 air contaminants were measured, and formaldehyde was identified as the indoor air contaminant with the highest cancer risk as determined by the California Proposition 65 Safe Harbor Levels (OEHHA, 2017a), No Significant Risk Levels (NSRL) for carcinogens. The NSRL is the daily intake level calculated to result in one excess case of cancer in an exposed population of 100,000 (i.e., ten in one million cancer risk) and for formaldehyde is 40 μg/day. The NSRL concentration of formaldehyde that represents a daily dose of 40 μg is 2 μg/m3, assuming a continuous 24-hour exposure, a total daily inhaled air volume of 20 m3, and 100% absorption by the respiratory system. All of the CNHS homes exceeded this NSRL concentration of 2 μg/m3. The median indoor formaldehyde concentration was 36 μg/m3, and ranged from 4.8 to 136 μg/m3, which corresponds to a median exceedance of the 2 μg/m3 NSRL concentration of 18 and a range of 2.3 to 68. Therefore, the cancer risk of a resident living in a California home with the median indoor formaldehyde concentration of 36 μg/m3, is 180 per million as a result of formaldehyde alone. The CEQA significance threshold for airborne cancer risk is 10 per million, as established by the Bay Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD, 2017). Besides being a human carcinogen, formaldehyde is also a potent eye and respiratory irritant. In the CNHS, many homes exceeded the non-cancer reference exposure levels (RELs) prescribed by California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA, 2017b). The percentage of homes exceeding the RELs ranged from 98% for the Chronic REL of 9 μg/m3 to 28% for the Acute REL of 55 μg/m3. The primary source of formaldehyde indoors is composite wood products manufactured with urea-formaldehyde resins, such as plywood, medium density fiberboard, and 3 particleboard. These materials are commonly used in building construction for flooring, cabinetry, baseboards, window shades, interior doors, and window and door trims. In January 2009, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopted an airborne toxics control measure (ATCM) to reduce formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products, including hardwood plywood, particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and also furniture and other finished products made with these wood products (California Air Resources Board 2009). While this formaldehyde ATCM has resulted in reduced emissions from composite wood products sold in California, they do not preclude that homes built with composite wood products meeting the CARB ATCM will have indoor formaldehyde concentrations that are below cancer and non-cancer exposure guidelines. A follow up study to the California New Home Study (CNHS) was conducted in 2016- 2018 (Chan et. al., 2019), and found that the median indoor formaldehyde in new homes built after 2009 with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials had lower indoor formaldehyde concentrations, with a median indoor concentrations of 22.4 μg/m3 (18.2 ppb) as compared to a median of 36 μg/m3 found in the 2007 CNHS. Thus, while new homes built after the 2009 CARB formaldehyde ATCM have a 38% lower median indoor formaldehyde concentration and cancer risk, the median lifetime cancer risk is still 112 per million for homes built with CARB compliant composite wood products, which is more than 11 times the OEHHA 10 in a million cancer risk threshold (OEHHA, 2017a). With respect to this project, the buildings in the De Anza Hotel Project in Cupertino, CA consist of a hotel. The employees of the hotel are expected to experience significant indoor exposures (e.g., 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). These exposures for employees are anticipated to result in significant cancer risks resulting from exposures to formaldehyde released by the building materials and furnishing commonly found in offices, warehouses, residences and hotels. 4 Because the hotel will be constructed with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials, and be ventilated with the minimum code required amount of outdoor air, the indoor formaldehyde concentrations are likely similar to those concentrations observed in residences built with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials, which is a median of 22.4 μg/m3 (Chan et. al., 2019) Assuming that the hotel employees work 8 hours per day and inhale 20 m3 of air per day, the formaldehyde dose per work-day at the offices is 149 μg/day. Assuming that these employees work 5 days per week and 50 weeks per year for 45 years (start at age 20 and retire at age 65) the average 70-year lifetime formaldehyde daily dose is 65.8 μg/day. This is 1.64 times the NSRL (OEHHA, 2017a) of 40 μg/day and represents a cancer risk of 16.4 per million, which exceeds the CEQA cancer risk of 10 per million. This impact should be analyzed in an environmental impact report (“EIR”), and the agency should impose all feasible mitigation measures to reduce this impact. Several feasible mitigation measures are discussed below and these and other measures should be analyzed in an EIR. While measurements of the indoor concentrations of formaldehyde in residences built with CARB Phase 2 Formaldehyde ATCM materials (Chan et. al., 2018), indicate that indoor formaldehyde concentrations in buildings built with similar materials (e.g. hotels, residences, offices, warehouses, schools) will pose cancer risks in excess of the CEQA cancer risk of 10 per million, a determination of the cancer risk that is specific to this project and the materials used to construct these buildings can and should be conducted prior to completion of the environmental review. The following describes a method that should be used prior to construction in the environmental review under CEQA, for determining whether the indoor concentrations resulting from the formaldehyde emissions of the specific building materials/furnishings 5 selected for the building exceed cancer and non-cancer guidelines. Such a design analyses can be used to identify those materials/furnishings prior to the completion of the City’s CEQA review and project approval, that have formaldehyde emission rates that contribute to indoor concentrations that exceed cancer and non-cancer guidelines, so that alternative lower emitting materials/furnishings may be selected and/or higher minimum outdoor air ventilation rates can be increased to achieve acceptable indoor concentrations and incorporated as mitigation measures for this project. Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment. This formaldehyde emissions assessment should be used in the environmental review under CEQA to assess the indoor formaldehyde concentrations from the proposed loading of building materials/furnishings, the area-specific formaldehyde emission rate data for building materials/furnishings, and the design minimum outdoor air ventilation rates. This assessment allows the applicant (and the City) to determine before the conclusion of the environmental review process and the building materials/furnishings are specified, purchased, and installed if the total chemical emissions will exceed cancer and non-cancer guidelines, and if so, allow for changes in the selection of specific material/furnishings and/or the design minimum outdoor air ventilations rates such that cancer and non-cancer guidelines are not exceeded. 1.) Define Indoor Air Quality Zones. Divide the building into separate indoor air quality zones, (IAQ Zones). IAQ Zones are defined as areas of well-mixed air. Thus, each ventilation system with recirculating air is considered a single zone, and each room or group of rooms where air is not recirculated (e.g. 100% outdoor air) is considered a separate zone. For IAQ Zones with the same construction material/furnishings and design minimum outdoor air ventilation rates. (e.g. hotel rooms, apartments, condominiums, etc.) the formaldehyde emission rates need only be assessed for a single IAQ Zone of that type. 2.) Calculate Material/Furnishing Loading. For each IAQ Zone, determine the building material and furnishing loadings (e.g., m2 of material/m2 floor area, units of furnishings/m2 floor area) from an inventory of all potential indoor formaldehyde 6 sources, including flooring, ceiling tiles, furnishings, finishes, insulation, sealants, adhesives, and any products constructed with composite wood products containing urea- formaldehyde resins (e.g., plywood, medium density fiberboard, particleboard). 3.) Calculate the Formaldehyde Emission Rate. For each building material, calculate the formaldehyde emission rate (μg/h) from the product of the area-specific formaldehyde emission rate (μg/m2-h) and the area (m2) of material in the IAQ Zone, and from each furnishing (e.g. chairs, desks, etc.) from the unit-specific formaldehyde emission rate (μg/unit-h) and the number of units in the IAQ Zone. NOTE: As a result of the high-performance building rating systems and building codes (California Building Standards Commission, 2014; USGBC, 2014), most manufacturers of building materials furnishings sold in the United States conduct chemical emission rate tests using the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017), or other equivalent chemical emission rate testing methods. Most manufacturers of building furnishings sold in the United States conduct chemical emission rate tests using ANSI/BIFMA M7.1 Standard Test Method for Determining VOC Emissions (BIFMA, 2018), or other equivalent chemical emission rate testing methods. CDPH, BIFMA, and other chemical emission rate testing programs, typically certify that a material or furnishing does not create indoor chemical concentrations in excess of the maximum concentrations permitted by their certification. For instance, the CDPH emission rate testing requires that the measured emission rates when input into an office, school, or residential model do not exceed one-half of the OEHHA Chronic Exposure Guidelines (OEHHA, 2017b) for the 35 specific VOCs, including formaldehyde, listed in Table 4-1 of the CDPH test method (CDPH, 2017). These certifications themselves do not provide the actual area-specific formaldehyde emission rate (i.e., μg/m2-h) of the product, but rather provide data that the formaldehyde emission rates do not exceed the maximum rate allowed for the certification. Thus for example, the data for a certification of a specific type of flooring may be used to calculate that the area-specific emission rate of formaldehyde is less than 31 μg/m2-h, but not the actual measured specific emission 7 rate, which may be 3, 18, or 30 μg/m2-h. These area-specific emission rates determined from the product certifications of CDPH, BIFA, and other certification programs can be used as an initial estimate of the formaldehyde emission rate. If the actual area-specific emission rates of a building material or furnishing is needed (i.e. the initial emission rates estimates from the product certifications are higher than desired), then that data can be acquired by requesting from the manufacturer the complete chemical emission rate test report. For instance if the complete CDPH emission test report is requested for a CDHP certified product, that report will provide the actual area- specific emission rates for not only the 35 specific VOCs, including formaldehyde, listed in Table 4-1 of the CDPH test method (CDPH, 2017), but also all of the cancer and reproductive/developmental chemicals listed in the California Proposition 65 Safe Harbor Levels (OEHHA, 2017a), all of the toxic air contaminants (TACs) in the California Air Resources Board Toxic Air Contamination List (CARB, 2011), and the 10 chemicals with the greatest emission rates. Alternatively, a sample of the building material or furnishing can be submitted to a chemical emission rate testing laboratory, such as Berkeley Analytical Laboratory (https://berkeleyanalytical.com), to measure the formaldehyde emission rate. 4.) Calculate the Total Formaldeh yde Emission Rate. For each IAQ Zone, calculate the total formaldehyde emission rate (i.e. μg/h) from the individual formaldehyde emission rates from each of the building material/furnishings as determined in Step 3. 5.) Calculate the Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration. For each IAQ Zone, calculate the indoor formaldehyde concentration (μg/m3) from Equation 1 by dividing the total formaldehyde emission rates (i.e. μg/h) as determined in Step 4, by the design minimum outdoor air ventilation rate (m3/h) for the IAQ Zone. ܥ௜௡ = ா೟೚೟ೌ೗ ொ೚ೌ (Equation 1) where: Cin = indoor formaldehyde concentration (μg/m3) 8 Etotal = total formaldehyde emission rate (μg/h) into the IAQ Zone. Qoa = design minimum outdoor air ventilation rate to the IAQ Zone (m3/h) The above Equation 1 is based upon mass balance theory, and is referenced in Section 3.10.2 “Calculation of Estimated Building Concentrations” of the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017). 6.) Calculate the Indoor Exposure Cancer and Non-Cancer Health Risks. For each IAQ Zone, calculate the cancer and non-cancer health risks from the indoor formaldehyde concentrations determined in Step 5 and as described in the OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines; Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments (OEHHA, 2015). 7.) Mitigate Indoor Formaldehyde Exposures of exceeding the CEQA Cancer and/or Non-Cancer Health Risks. In each IAQ Zone, provide mitigation for any formaldehyde exposure risk as determined in Step 6, that exceeds the CEQA cancer risk of 10 per million or the CEQA non-cancer Hazard Quotient of 1.0. Provide the source and/or ventilation mitigation required in all IAQ Zones to reduce the health risks of the chemical exposures below the CEQA cancer and non-cancer health risks. Source mitigation for formaldehyde may include: 1.) reducing the amount materials and/or furnishings that emit formaldehyde 2.) substituting a different material with a lower area-specific emission rate of formaldehyde Ventilation mitigation for formaldehyde emitted from building materials and/or furnishings may include: 1.) increasing the design minimum outdoor air ventilation rate to the IAQ Zone. NOTE: Mitigating the formaldehyde emissions through use of less material/furnishings, 9 or use of lower emitting materials/furnishings, is the preferred mitigation option, as mitigation with increased outdoor air ventilation increases initial and operating costs associated with the heating/cooling systems. Further, we are not asking that the builder to “speculate” on what and how much composite materials be used, but rather at the design stage to select composite wood materials based on the formaldehyde emission rates that manufacturers routinely conduct using the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017), and use the procedure described earlier (i.e. Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment) to insure that the materials selected achieve acceptable cancer risks from material off gassing of formaldehyde. Outdoor Air Ventilation Impact. Another important finding of the CNHS, was that the outdoor air ventilation rates in the homes were very low. Outdoor air ventilation is a very important factor influencing the indoor concentrations of air contaminants, as it is the primary removal mechanism of all indoor air generated air contaminants. Lower outdoor air exchange rates cause indoor generated air contaminants to accumulate to higher indoor air concentrations. Many homeowners rarely open their windows or doors for ventilation as a result of their concerns for security/safety, noise, dust, and odor concerns (Price, 2007). In the CNHS field study, 32% of the homes did not use their windows during the 24-hour Test Day, and 15% of the homes did not use their windows during the entire preceding week. Most of the homes with no window usage were homes in the winter field session. Thus, a substantial percentage of homeowners never open their windows, especially in the winter season. The median 24-hour measurement was 0.26 ach, with a range of 0.09 ach to 5.3 ach. A total of 67% of the homes had outdoor air exchange rates below the minimum California Building Code (2001) requirement of 0.35 ach. Thus, the relatively tight envelope construction, combined with the fact that many people never open their windows for ventilation, results in homes with low outdoor air exchange rates and higher indoor air contaminant concentrations. 10 The De Anza Hotel Project – Cupertino CA is close to roads with moderate to high traffic (e.g. I-280, Homestead Road, Sunnyvale-Saratoga Road, etc.). As a result of the outdoor vehicle traffic noise, the Project site is likely to be a sound impacted site. The noise analyses provided in the Public Review Draft Initial Study (Placeworks, 2019), does not report the existing plus project noise levels (e.g. CNEL, Ldn), rather this report simply reports what the increase in the existing noise levels caused by the Project. As a result of the high outdoor noise levels, the current project will require the need for mechanical supply of outdoor air ventilation air to allow for a habitable interior environment with closed windows and doors. Such a ventilation s ystem would allow windows and doors to be kept closed at the occupant’s discretion to control exterior noise within building interiors. PM2.5 Outdoor Concentrations Impact. An additional impact of the nearby motor vehicle traffic associated with this project, are the outdoor concentrations of PM2.5. According to the Public Review Draft Initial Study (Placeworks, 2019), this Project is located in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin, which is a State and Federal non-attainment area for PM2.5. An air quality analyses should to be conducted to determine the concentrations of PM2.5 in the outdoor and indoor air that people inhale each day. This air quality analyses needs to consider the cumulative impacts of the project related emissions, existing and projected future emissions from local PM2.5 sources (e.g. stationary sources, motor vehicles, and airport traffic) upon the outdoor air concentrations at the project site. If the outdoor concentrations are determined to exceed the California and National annual average PM2.5 exceedence concentration of 12 μg/m3, or the National 24-hour average exceedence concentration of 35 μg/m3, then the buildings need to have a mechanical supply of outdoor air that has air filtration with sufficient PM2.5 removal efficiency, such that the indoor concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 particles is less than the California and National PM2.5 annual and 24-hour standards. It is my experience that based on the projected high traffic noise levels, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 will exceed the California and National PM2.5 annual and 24-hour 11 standards and warrant installation of high efficiency air filters (i.e. MERV 13 or higher) in all mechanically supplied outdoor air ventilation systems. Indoor Air Quality Impact Mitigation Measures The following are recommended mitigation measures to minimize the impacts upon indoor quality: - indoor formaldehyde concentrations - outdoor air ventilation - PM2.5 outdoor air concentrations Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrations Mitigation. Use only composite wood materials (e.g. hardwood plywood, medium density fiberboard, particleboard) for all interior finish systems that are made with CARB approved no-added formaldehyde (NAF) resins or ultra-low emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) resins (CARB, 2009). Other projects such as the AC by Marriott Hotel – West San Jose Project (Asset Gas SC Inc.) and 2525 North Main Street, Santa Ana (AC 2525 Main LLC, 2019) have entered into settlement agreements stipulating the use of composite wood materials only containing NAF or ULEF resins. Alternatively, conduct the previously described Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Chemical Emissions Assessment, to determine that the combination of formaldehyde emissions from building materials and furnishings do not create indoor formaldehyde concentrations that exceed the CEQA cancer and non-cancer health risks. It is important to note that we are not asking that the builder to “speculate” on what and how much composite materials be used, but rather at the design stage to select composite wood materials based on the formaldehyde emission rates that manufacturers routinely conduct using the California Department of Health “Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”, (CDPH, 2017), and use the procedure described earlier (i.e. Pre-Construction Building Material/Furnishing Formaldehyde Emissions Assessment) to 12 insure that the materials selected achieve acceptable cancer risks from material off gassing of formaldehyde. Outdoor Air Ventilation Mitigation. Provide each habitable room with a continuous mechanical supply of outdoor air that meets or exceeds the California 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (California Energy Commission, 2015) requirements of the greater of 15 cfm/occupant or 0.15 cfm/ft2 of floor area. Following installation of the system conduct testing and balancing to insure that required amount of outdoor air is entering each habitable room and provide a written report documenting the outdoor airflow rates. Do not use exhaust only mechanical outdoor air systems, use only balanced outdoor air supply and exhaust systems or outdoor air supply only systems. Provide a manual for the occupants or maintenance personnel, that describes the purpose of the mechanical outdoor air system and the operation and maintenance requirements of the system. PM2.5 Outdoor Air Concentration Mitigation. Install air filtration with sufficient PM2.5 removal efficiency (e.g. MERV 13 or higher) to filter the outdoor air entering the mechanical outdoor air supply systems, such that the indoor concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 particles are less than the California and National PM2.5 annual and 24-hour standards. Install the air filters in the system such that they are accessible for replacement by the occupants or maintenance personnel. Include in the mechanical outdoor air ventilation system manual instructions on how to replace the air filters and the estimated frequency of replacement. References AC 2525 Main LLC. 2019. Environmental Settlement Agreement with Laborers’ International Union of North America Local 652. Asset Gas SC. Inc. 2019. Settlement Agreement and Release with Jose Mexicano, Alejandro Martinez, and Laborers’ International Union of North America Local 652. 13 Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). 2017. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines. Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA. http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and- research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en BIFA. 2018. BIFMA Product Safety and Performance Standards and Guidelines. www.bifma.org/page/standardsoverview California Air Resources Board. 2009. Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products. California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2007/compwood07/fro-final.pdf California Air Resources Board. 2011. Toxic Air Contaminant Identification List. California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA. https://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/id/taclist.htm California Building Code. 2001. California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2 Volume 1, Appendix Chapter 12, Interior Environment, Division 1, Ventilation, Section 1207: 2001 California Building Code, California Building Standards Commission. Sacramento, CA. California Building Standards Commission (2014). 2013 California Green Building Standards Code. California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 11. California Building Standards Commission, Sacramento, CA http://www.bsc.ca.gov/Home/CALGreen.aspx. California Energy Commission, 2015. 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6. http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-400-2015-037/CEC-400-2015-037- CMF.pdf 14 CDPH. 2017. Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions for Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers, Version 1.1. California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/ DEODC/EHLB/IAQ/Pages/VOC.aspx. Chan, W., Kim, Y., Singer, B., and Walker I. 2019. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New California Homes with Gas Appliances and Mechanical Ventilation. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Technologies Area, LBNL-2001200, DOI: 10.20357/B7QC7X. EPA. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition, Chapter 16 – Activity Factors. Report EPA/600/R-09/052F, September 2011. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Hodgson, A. T., D. Beal, J.E.R. McIlvaine. 2002. Sources of formaldehyde, other aldehydes and terpenes in a new manufactured house. Indoor Air 12: 235–242. OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2015. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines; Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments. OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2017a. Proposition 65 Safe Harbor Levels. No Significant Risk Levels for Carcinogens and Maximum Allowable Dose Levels for Chemicals Causing Reproductive Toxicity. Available at: http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/pdf/safeharbor081513.pdf OEHHA - Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2017b. All OEHHA Acute, 8-hour and Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. Available at: http://oehha.ca.gov/air/allrels.html Offermann, F. J. 2009. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes. California Air 5HVRXUFHV %RDUG DQG &DOLIRUQLD (QHUJ\ &RPPLVVLRQ 3,(5 (QHUJ\ဨ5HODWHG 15 Environmental 5HVHDUFK 3URJUDP &ROODERUDWLYH 5HSRUW &(&ဨဨဨ https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/apr/past/04-310.pdf Offermann, F. J. and A. T. Hodgson. 2011. Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds in New Homes. Proceedings Indoor Air 2011 (12th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate 2011), June 5-10, 2011, Austin, TX USA. Placeworks. 2019. Public Review Draft Initial Study, The De Anza Hotel Project. Price, Phillip P., Max Sherman, Robert H. Lee, and Thomas Piazza. 2007. Study of Ventilation Practices and Household Characteristics in New California Homes. California Energy Commission, PIER Program. CEC-500-2007-033. Final Report, ARB Contract 03-326. Available at: www.arb.ca.gov/research/apr/past/03-326.pdf. USGBC. 2014. LEED BD+C Homes v4. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington, D.C. http://www.usgbc.org/credits/homes/v4 Francis (Bud) J. Offermann III PE, CIH Indoor Environmental Engineering 1448 Pine Street, Suite 103, San Francisco, CA 94109 Phone: 415-567-7700 Email: Offermann@iee-sf.com http://www.iee-sf.com Education M.S. Mechanical Engineering (1985) Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Graduate Studies in Air Pollution Monitoring and Control (1980) University of California, Berkeley, CA. B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (1976) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. Professional Experience President: Indoor Environmental Engineering, San Francisco, CA. December, 1981 - present. Direct team of environmental scientists, chemists, and mechanical engineers in conducting State and Federal research regarding indoor air quality instrumentation development, building air quality field studies, ventilation and air cleaning performance measurements, and chemical emission rate testing. Provide design side input to architects regarding selection of building materials and ventilation system components to ensure a high quality indoor environment. Direct Indoor Air Quality Consulting Team for the winning design proposal for the new State of Washington Ecology Department building. Develop a full-scale ventilation test facility for measuring the performance of air diffusers; ASHRAE 129, Air Change Effectiveness, and ASHRAE 113, Air Diffusion Performance Index. Develop a chemical emission rate testing laboratory for measuring the chemical emissions from building materials, furnishings, and equipment. Principle Investigator of the California New Homes Study (2005-2007). Measured ventilation and indoor air quality in 108 new single family detached homes in northern and southern California. Develop and teach IAQ professional development workshops to building owners, managers, hygienists, and engineers. 2 Air Pollution Engineer: Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, CA, October, 1985 to March, 1987. Responsible for development of an air pollution laboratory including installation a forced choice olfactometer, tracer gas electron capture chromatograph, and associated calibration facilities. Field team leader for studies of fugitive odor emissions from sewage treatment plants, entrainment of fume hood exhausts into computer chip fabrication rooms, and indoor air quality investigations. Staff Scientist: Building Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Program, Energy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. January, 1980 to August, 1984. Deputy project leader for the Control Techniques group; responsible for laboratory and field studies aimed at evaluating the performance of indoor air pollutant control strategies (i.e. ventilation, filtration, precipitation, absorption, adsorption, and source control). Coordinated field and laboratory studies of air-to-air heat exchangers including evaluation of thermal performance, ventilation efficiency, cross-stream contaminant transfer, and the effects of freezing/defrosting. Developed an in situ test protocol for evaluating the performance of air cleaning systems and introduced the concept of effective cleaning rate (ECR) also known as the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR). Coordinated laboratory studies of portable and ducted air cleaning systems and their effect on indoor concentrations of respirable particles and radon progeny. Co-designed an automated instrument system for measuring residential ventilation rates and radon concentrations. Designed hardware and software for a multi-channel automated data acquisition system used to evaluate the performance of air-to-air heat transfer equipment. Assistant Chief Engineer: Alta Bates Hospital, Berkeley, CA, October, 1979 to January, 1980. Responsible for energy management projects involving installation of power factor correction capacitors on large inductive electrical devices and installation of steam meters on physical plant steam lines. Member of Local 39, International Union of Operating Engineers. Manufacturing Engineer: American Precision Industries, Buffalo, NY, October, 1977 to October, 1979. 3 Responsible for reorganizing the manufacturing procedures regarding production of shell and tube heat exchangers. Designed customized automatic assembly, welding, and testing equipment. Designed a large paint spray booth. Prepared economic studies justifying new equipment purchases. Safety Director. Project Engineer: Arcata Graphics, Buffalo, N.Y. June, 1976 to October, 1977. Responsible for the design and installation of a bulk ink storage and distribution system and high speed automatic counting and marking equipment. Also coordinated material handling studies which led to the purchase and installation of new equipment. PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIP American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) • Chairman of SPC-145P, Standards Project Committee - Test Method for Assessing the Performance of Gas Phase Air Cleaning Equipment (1991-1992) • Member SPC-129P, Standards Project Committee - Test Method for Ventilation Effectiveness (1986-97) - Member of Drafting Committee • Member Environmental Health Committee (1992-1994, 1997-2001, 2007-2010) - Chairman of EHC Research Subcommittee - Member of Man Made Mineral Fiber Position Paper Subcommittee - Member of the IAQ Position Paper Committee - Member of the Legionella Position Paper Committee - Member of the Limiting Indoor Mold and Dampness in Buildings Position Paper Committee • Member SSPC-62, Standing Standards Project Committee - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (1992 to 2000) - Chairman of Source Control and Air Cleaning Subcommittee • Chairman of TC-4.10, Indoor Environmental Modeling (1988-92) - Member of Research Subcommittee • Chairman of TC-2.3, Gaseous Air Contaminants and Control Equipment (1989-92) - Member of Research Subcommittee American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) • D-22 Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres - Member of Indoor Air Quality Subcommittee • E-06 Performance of Building Constructions American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) • Bioaerosols Committee (2007-2013) 4 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Cal-OSHA Indoor Air Quality Advisory Committee International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ) • Co-Chairman of Task Force on HVAC Hygiene U. S. Green Building Council (USGBC) - Member of the IEQ Technical Advisory Group (2007-2009) - Member of the IAQ Performance Testing Work Group (2010-2012) Western Construction Consultants (WESTCON) PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALS Licensed Professional Engineer - Mechanical Engineering Certified Industrial Hygienist - American Board of Industrial Hygienists SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AND SYMPOSIA Biological Contamination, Diagnosis, and Mitigation, Indoor Air’90, Toronto, Canada, August, 1990. Models for Predicting Air Quality, Indoor Air’90, Toronto, Canada, August, 1990. Microbes in Building Materials and Systems, Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July, 1993. Microorganisms in Indoor Air Assessment and Evaluation of Health Effects and Probable Causes, Walnut Creek, CA, February 27, 1997. Controlling Microbial Moisture Problems in Buildings, Walnut Creek, CA, February 27, 1997. Scientific Advisory Committee, Roomvent 98, 6th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, June 14-17, 1998. Moisture and Mould, Indoor Air ’99, Edinburgh, Scotland, August, 1999. Ventilation Modeling and Simulation, Indoor Air ’99, Edinburgh, Scotland, August, 1999. Microbial Growth in Materials, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August, 2000. 5 Co-Chair, Bioaerosols X- Exposures in Residences, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, CA, July 2002. Healthy Indoor Environments, Anaheim, CA, April 2003. Chair, Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Multi-Family Homes, Indoor Air 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 2008. Co-Chair, ISIAQ Task Force Workshop; HVAC Hygiene, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, CA, July 2002. Chair, ETS in Multi-Family Housing: Exposures, Controls, and Legalities Forum, Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009. Chair, Energy Conservation and IAQ in Residences Workshop, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June 6, 2011. Chair, Electronic Cigarettes: Chemical Emissions and Exposures Colloquium, Indoor Air 2016, Ghent, Belgium, July 4, 2016. SPECIAL CONSULTATION Provide consultation to the American Home Appliance Manufacturers on the development of a standard for testing portable air cleaners, AHAM Standard AC-1. Served as an expert witness and special consultant for the U.S. Federal Trade Commission regarding the performance claims found in advertisements of portable air cleaners and residential furnace filters. Conducted a forensic investigation for a San Mateo, CA pro se defendant, regarding an alleged homicide where the victim was kidnapped in a steamer trunk. Determined the air exchange rate in the steamer trunk and how long the person could survive. Conducted in situ measurement of human exposure to toluene fumes released during nailpolish application for a plaintiffs attorney pursuing a California Proposition 65 product labeling case. June, 1993. Conducted a forensic in situ investigation for the Butte County, CA Sheriff’s Department of the emissions of a portable heater used in the bedroom of two twin one year old girls who suffered simultaneous crib death. Consult with OSHA on the 1995 proposed new regulation regarding indoor air quality and environmental tobacco smoke. 6 Consult with EPA on the proposed Building Alliance program and with OSHA on the proposed new OSHA IAQ regulation. Johnson Controls Audit/Certification Expert Review; Milwaukee, WI. May 28-29, 1997. Winner of the nationally published 1999 Request for Proposals by the State of Washington to conduct a comprehensive indoor air quality investigation of the Washington State Department of Ecology building in Lacey, WA. Selected by the State of California Attorney General’s Office in August, 2000 to conduct a comprehensive indoor air quality investigation of the Tulare County Court House. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory IAQ Experts Workshop: “Cause and Prevention of Sick Building Problems in Offices: The Experience of Indoor Environmental Quality Investigators”, Berkeley, California, May 26-27, 2004. Provide consultation and chemical emission rate testing to the State of California Attorney General’s Office in 2013-2015 regarding the chemical emissions from e- cigarettes. PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS : F.J.Offermann, C.D.Hollowell, and G.D.Roseme, "Low-Infiltration Housing in Rochester, New York: A Study of Air Exchange Rates and Indoor Air Quality," Environment International, 8, pp. 435-445, 1982. W.W.Nazaroff, F.J.Offermann, and A.W.Robb, "Automated System for Measuring Air Exchange Rate and Radon Concentration in Houses," Health Physics, 45, pp. 525-537, 1983. F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, B.Pedersen, and K.L.Revzan, "Ventilation Efficiencies of Wall- or Window-Mounted Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers," ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 89-2B, pp 507-527, 1983. W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E Chant, D. Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.Pedersen, "Onset of Freezing in Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers," ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 91- 1B, 1984. W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E Chant, D. Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.Pedersen, "Performance of Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers During Operation with Freezing and Periodic Defrosts," ASHRAE Annual Transactions, 91-1B, 1984. F.J.Offermann, R.G.Sextro, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, W.W.Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, and K.L.Revzan, "Control of Respirable Particles with Portable Air Cleaners," Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 19, pp.1761-1771, 1985. 7 R.G.Sextro, F.J.Offermann, W.W.Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, K.L.Revzan, and J.Yater, "Evaluation of Indoor Control Devices and Their Effects on Radon Progeny Concentrations," Atmospheric Environment, 12, pp. 429-438, 1986. W.J. Fisk, R.K.Spencer, F.J.Offermann, R.K.Spencer, B.Pedersen, R.Sextro, "Indoor Air Quality Control Techniques," Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, (1987). F.J.Offermann, "Ventilation Effectiveness and ADPI Measurements of a Forced Air Heating System," ASHRAE Transactions , Volume 94, Part 1, pp 694-704, 1988. F.J.Offermann and D. Int-Hout "Ventilation Effectiveness Measurements of Three Supply/Return Air Configurations," Environment International , Volume 15, pp 585-592 1989. F.J. Offermann, S.A. Loiselle, M.C. Quinlan, and M.S. Rogers, "A Study of Diesel Fume Entrainment in an Office Building," IAQ '89, The Human Equation: Health and Comfort, pp 179-183, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1989. R.G.Sextro and F.J.Offermann, "Reduction of Residential Indoor Particle and Radon Progeny Concentrations with Ducted Air Cleaning Systems," submitted to Indoor Air, 1990. S.A.Loiselle, A.T.Hodgson, and F.J.Offermann, "Development of An Indoor Air Sampler for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds", Indoor Air , Vol 2, pp 191-210, 1991. F.J.Offermann, S.A.Loiselle, A.T.Hodgson, L.A. Gundel, and J.M. Daisey, "A Pilot Study to Measure Indoor Concentrations and Emission Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds", Indoor Air , Vol 4, pp 497-512, 1991. F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, R.G. Sextro, "Performance Comparisons of Six Different Air Cleaners Installed in a Residential Forced Air Ventilation System," IAQ'91, Healthy Buildings, pp 342-350, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA (1991). F.J. Offermann, J. Daisey, A. Hodgson, L. Gundell, and S. Loiselle, "Indoor Concentrations and Emission Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds", Indoor Air, Vol 4, pp 497-512 (1992). F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, R.G. Sextro, "Performance of Air Cleaners Installed in a Residential Forced Air System," ASHRAE Journal, pp 51-57, July, 1992. F.J. Offermann and S. A. Loiselle, "Performance of an Air-Cleaning System in an Archival Book Storage Facility," IAQ'92, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1992. S.B. Hayward, K.S. Liu, L.E. Alevantis, K. Shah, S. Loiselle, F.J. Offermann, Y.L. Chang, L. Webber, “Effectiveness of Ventilation and Other Controls in Reducing Exposure to ETS in Office Buildings,” Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July 4-8, 1993. 8 F.J. Offermann, S. A. Loiselle, G. Ander, H. Lau, "Indoor Contaminant Emission Rates Before and After a Building Bake-out," IAQ'93, Operating and Maintaining Buildings for Health, Comfort, and Productivity, pp 157-163, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1993. L.E. Alevantis, Hayward, S.B., Shah, S.B., Loiselle, S., and Offermann, F.J. "Tracer Gas Techniques for Determination of the Effectiveness of Pollutant Removal From Local Sources," IAQ '93, Operating and Maintaining Buildings for Health, Comfort, and Productivity, pp 119-129, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1993. L.E. Alevantis, Liu, L.E., Hayward, S.B., Offermann, F.J., Shah, S.B., Leiserson, K. Tsao, E., and Huang, Y., "Effectiveness of Ventilation in 23 Designated Smoking Areas in California Buildings," IAQ '94, Engineering Indoor Environments, pp 167-181, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1994. L.E. Alevantis, Offermann, F.J., Loiselle, S., and Macher, J.M., “Pressure and Ventilation Requirements of Hospital Isolation Rooms for Tuberculosis (TB) Patients: Existing Guidelines in the United States and a Method for Measuring Room Leakage”, Ventilation and Indoor air quality in Hospitals, M. Maroni, editor, Kluwer Academic publishers, Netherlands, 1996. F.J. Offermann, M. A. Waz, A.T. Hodgson, and H.M. Ammann, "Chemical Emissions from a Hospital Operating Room Air Filter," IAQ'96, Paths to Better Building Environments, pp 95-99, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1996. F.J. Offermann, "Professional Malpractice and the Sick Building Investigator," IAQ'96, Paths to Better Building Environments, pp 132-136, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1996. F.J. Offermann, “Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness,” Indoor Air, Vol 1, pp.206-211, 1999. F. J. Offermann, A. T. Hodgson, and J. P. Robertson, “Contaminant Emission Rates from PVC Backed Carpet Tiles on Damp Concrete”, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000. K.S. Liu, L.E. Alevantis, and F.J. Offermann, “A Survey of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Controls in California Office Buildings”, Indoor Air, Vol 11, pp. 26-34, 2001. F.J. Offermann, R. Colfer, P. Radzinski, and J. Robertson, “Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in an Automobile”, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, California, July 2002. F. J. Offermann, J.P. Robertson, and T. Webster, “The Impact of Tracer Gas Mixing on Airflow Rate Measurements in Large Commercial Fan Systems”, Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, California, July 2002. M. J. Mendell, T. Brennan, L. Hathon, J.D. Odom, F.J.Offermann, B.H. Turk, K.M. Wallingford, R.C. Diamond, W.J. Fisk, “Causes and prevention of Symptom Complaints 9 in Office Buildings: Distilling the Experience of Indoor Environmental Investigators”, submitted to Indoor Air 2005, Beijing, China, September 4-9, 2005. F.J. Offermann, “Ventilation and IAQ in New Homes With and Without Mechanical Outdoor Air Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009. F.J. Offermann, “ASHRAE 62.2 Intermittent Residential Ventilation: What’s It Good For, Intermittently Poor IAQ”, IAQVEC 2010, Syracuse, CA, April 21, 2010. F.J. Offermann and A.T. Hodgson, “Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds in New Homes”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June, 2011. P. Jenkins, R. Johnson, T. Phillips, and F. Offermann, “Chemical Concentrations in New California Homes and Garages”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June, 2011. W. J. Mills, B. J. Grigg, F. J. Offermann, B. E. Gustin, and N. E. Spingarm, “Toluene and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Exposure from a Commercially Available Contact Adhesive”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 9:D95-D102 May, 2012. F. J. Offermann, R. Maddalena, J. C. Offermann, B. C. Singer, and H, Wilhelm, “The Impact of Ventilation on the Emission Rates of Volatile Organic Compounds in Residences”, HB 2012, Brisbane, AU, July, 2012. F. J. Offermann, A. T. Hodgson, P. L. Jenkins, R. D. Johnson, and T. J. Phillips, “Attached Garages as a Source of Volatile Organic Compounds in New Homes”, HB 2012, Brisbane, CA, July, 2012. R. Maddalena, N. Li, F. Offermann, and B. Singer, “Maximizing Information from Residential Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds”, HB 2012, Brisbane, AU, July, 2012. W. Chen, A. Persily, A. Hodgson, F. Offermann, D. Poppendieck, and K. Kumagai, “Area-Specific Airflow Rates for Evaluating the Impacts of VOC emissions in U.S. Single-Family Homes”, Building and Environment, Vol. 71, 204-211, February, 2014. F. J. Offermann, A. Eagan A. C. Offermann, and L. J. Radonovich, “Infectious Disease Aerosol Exposures With and Without Surge Control Ventilation System Modifications”, Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014. F. J. Offermann, “Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive Exposures”, Building and Environment, Vol. 93, Part 1, 101-105, November, 2015. F. J. Offermann, “Formaldehyde Emission Rates From Lumber Liquidators Laminate Flooring Manufactured in China”, Indoor Air 2016, Belgium, Ghent, July, 2016. F. J. Offermann, “Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Emission Rates for E-Cigarettes”, Indoor Air 2016, Belgium, Ghent, July, 2016. 10 OTHER REPORTS: W.J.Fisk, P.G.Cleary, and F.J.Offermann, "Energy Saving Ventilation with Residential Heat Exchangers," a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory brochure distributed by the Bonneville Power Administration, 1981. F.J.Offermann, J.R.Girman, and C.D.Hollowell, "Midway House Tightening Project: A Study of Indoor Air Quality," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-12777, 1981. F.J.Offermann, J.B.Dickinson, W.J.Fisk, D.T.Grimsrud, C.D.Hollowell, D.L.Krinkle, and G.D.Roseme, "Residential Air-Leakage and Indoor Air Quality in Rochester, New York," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-13100, 1982. F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, B.Pedersen, and K.L.Revzan, Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers: A Study of the Ventilation Efficiencies of Wall- or Window- Mounted Units," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-14358, 1982. F.J.Offermann, W.J.Fisk, W.W.Nazaroff, and R.G.Sextro, "A Review of Portable Air Cleaners for Controlling Indoor Concentrations of Particulates and Radon Progeny," An interim report for the Bonneville Power Administration, 1983. W.J.Fisk, K.M.Archer, R.E.Chant, D.Hekmat, F.J.Offermann, and B.S. Pedersen, "Freezing in Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers: An Experimental Study," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16783, 1983. R.G.Sextro, W.W.Nazaroff, F.J.Offermann, and K.L.Revzan, "Measurements of Indoor Aerosol Properties and Their Effect on Radon Progeny," Proceedings of the American Association of Aerosol Research Annual Meeting, April, 1983. F.J.Offermann, R.G.Sextro, W.J.Fisk, W.W. Nazaroff, A.V.Nero, K.L.Revzan, and J.Yater, "Control of Respirable Particles and Radon Progeny with Portable Air Cleaners," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16659, 1984. W.J.Fisk, R.K.Spencer, D.T.Grimsrud, F.J.Offermann, B.Pedersen, and R.G.Sextro, "Indoor Air Quality Control Techniques: A Critical Review," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-16493, 1984. F.J.Offermann, J.R.Girman, and R.G.Sextro, "Controlling Indoor Air Pollution from Tobacco Smoke: Models and Measurements,", Indoor Air, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Vol 1, pp 257-264, Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm (1984), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report LBL-17603, 1984. 11 R.Otto, J.Girman, F.Offermann, and R.Sextro,"A New Method for the Collection and Comparison of Respirable Particles in the Indoor Environment," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Special Director Fund's Study, 1984. A.T.Hodgson and F.J.Offermann, "Examination of a Sick Office Building," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, an informal field study, 1984. R.G.Sextro, F.J.Offermann, W.W.Nazaroff, and A.V.Nero, "Effects of Aerosol Concentrations on Radon Progeny," Aerosols, Science, & Technology, and Industrial Applications of Airborne Particles, editors B.Y.H.Liu, D.Y.H.Pui, and H.J.Fissan, p525, Elsevier, 1984. K.Sexton, S.Hayward, F.Offermann, R.Sextro, and L.Weber, "Characterization of Particulate and Organic Emissions from Major Indoor Sources, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Stockholm, Sweden, August 20-24, 1984. F.J.Offermann, "Tracer Gas Measurements of Laboratory Fume Entrainment at a Semi- Conductor Manufacturing Plant," an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1986. F.J.Offermann, "Tracer Gas Measurements of Ventilation Rates in a Large Office Building," an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1986. F.J.Offermann, "Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds in a New Large Office Building with Adhesive Fastened Carpeting," an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1986. F.J.Offermann, "Designing and Operating Healthy Buildings", an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1986. F.J.Offermann, "Measurements and Mitigation of Indoor Spray-Applicated Pesticides", an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1988. F.J.Offermann and S. Loiselle, "Measurements and Mitigation of Indoor Mold Contamination in a Residence", an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1989. F.J.Offermann and S. Loiselle, "Performance Measurements of an Air Cleaning System in a Large Archival Library Storage Facility", an Indoor Environmental Engineering R&D Report, 1989. F.J. Offermann, J.M. Daisey, L.A. Gundel, and A.T. Hodgson, S. A. Loiselle, "Sampling, Analysis, and Data Validation of Indoor Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Final Report, Contract No. A732-106, California Air Resources Board, March, 1990. 12 L.A. Gundel, J.M. Daisey, and F.J. Offermann, "A Sampling and Analytical Method for Gas Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Indoor Air '90, July 29-August 1990. A.T. Hodgson, J.M. Daisey, and F.J. Offermann "Development of an Indoor Sampling and Analytical Method for Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Indoor Air '90, July 29-August, 1990. F.J. Offermann, J.O. Sateri, “Tracer Gas Measurements in Large Multi-Room Buildings”, Indoor Air ’93, Helsinki, Finland, July 4-8, 1993. F.J.Offermann, M. T. O’Flaherty, and M. A. Waz “Validation of ASHRAE 129 - Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness”, Final Report of ASHRAE Research Project 891, December 8, 1997. S.E. Guffey, F.J. Offermann et. al., “Proceedings of the Workshop on Ventilation Engineering Controls for Environmental Tobacco smoke in the Hospitality Industry”, U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration and ACGIH, 1998. F.J. Offermann, R.J. Fiskum, D. Kosar, and D. Mudaari, “A Practical Guide to Ventilation Practices & Systems for Existing Buildings”, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering supplement to April/May 1999 issue. F.J. Offermann, P. Pasanen, “Workshop 18: Criteria for Cleaning of Air Handling Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000. F.J. Offermann, Session Summaries: Building Investigations, and Design & Construction, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000. F.J. Offermann, “The IAQ Top 10”, Engineered Systems, November, 2008. L. Kincaid and F.J. Offermann, “Unintended Consequences: Formaldehyde Exposures in Green Homes, AIHA Synergist, February, 2010. F.J. Offermann, “ IAQ in Air Tight Homes”, ASHRAE Journal, November, 2010. F.J. Offermann, “The Hazards of E-Cigarettes”, ASHRAE Journal, June, 2014. PRESENTATIONS : "Low-Infiltration Housing in Rochester, New York: A Study of Air Exchange Rates and Indoor Air Quality," Presented at the International Symposium on Indoor Air Pollution, Health and Energy Conservation, Amherst, MA, October 13-16,1981. 13 "Ventilation Efficiencies of Wall- or Window-Mounted Residential Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers," Presented at the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers Summer Meeting, Washington, DC, June, 1983. "Controlling Indoor Air Pollution from Tobacco Smoke: Models and Measurements," Presented at the Third International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Stockholm, Sweden, August 20-24, 1984. "Indoor Air Pollution: An Emerging Environmental Problem", Presented to the Association of Environmental Professionals, Bar Area/Coastal Region 1, Berkeley, CA, May 29, 1986. "Ventilation Measurement Techniques," Presented at the Workshop on Sampling and Analytical Techniques, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, September 26, 1986 and September 25, 1987. "Buildings That Make You Sick: Indoor Air Pollution", Presented to the Sacramento Association of Professional Energy Managers, Sacramento, CA, November 18, 1986. "Ventilation Effectiveness and Indoor Air Quality", Presented to the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers Northern Nevada Chapter, Reno, NV, February 18, 1987, Golden Gate Chapter, San Francisco, CA, October 1, 1987, and the San Jose Chapter, San Jose, CA, June 9, 1987. "Tracer Gas Techniques for Studying Ventilation," Presented at the Indoor Air Quality Symposium, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, September 22-24, 1987. "Indoor Air Quality Control: What Works, What Doesn't," Presented to the Sacramento Association of Professional Energy Managers, Sacramento, CA, November 17, 1987. "Ventilation Effectiveness and ADPI Measurements of a Forced Air Heating System," Presented at the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers Winter Meeting, Dallas, Texas, January 31, 1988. "Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation, and Energy in Commercial Buildings", Presented at the Building Owners &Managers Association of Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, July 21, 1988. "Controlling Indoor Air Quality: The New ASHRAE Ventilation Standards and How to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality", Presented at a conference "Improving Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in Commercial Buildings," National Energy Management Institute, Reno, Nevada, November 4, 1988. "A Study of Diesel Fume Entrainment Into an Office Building," Presented at Indoor Air '89: The Human Equation: Health and Comfort, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, San Diego, CA, April 17-20, 1989. 14 "Indoor Air Quality in Commercial Office Buildings," Presented at the Renewable Energy Technologies Symposium and International Exposition, Santa Clara, CA June 20, 1989. "Building Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality", Presented to the San Joaquin Chapter of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, September 7, 1989. "How to Meet New Ventilation Standards: Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency," a workshop presented by the Association of Energy Engineers; Chicago, IL, March 20-21, 1989; Atlanta, GA, May 25-26, 1989; San Francisco, CA, October 19-20, 1989; Orlando, FL, December 11-12, 1989; Houston, TX, January 29-30, 1990; Washington D.C., February 26-27, 1990; Anchorage, Alaska, March 23, 1990; Las Vegas, NV, April 23-24, 1990; Atlantic City, NJ, September 27-28, 1991; Anaheim, CA, November 19-20, 1991; Orlando, FL, February 28 - March 1, 1991; Washington, DC, March 20-21, 1991; Chicago, IL, May 16-17, 1991; Lake Tahoe, NV, August 15-16, 1991; Atlantic City, NJ, November 18-19, 1991; San Jose, CA, March 23-24, 1992. "Indoor Air Quality," a seminar presented by the Anchorage, Alaska Chapter of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, March 23, 1990. "Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality", Presented at the 1990 HVAC & Building Systems Congress, Santa, Clara, CA, March 29, 1990. "Ventilation Standards for Office Buildings", Presented to the South Bay Property Managers Association, Santa Clara, May 9, 1990. "Indoor Air Quality", Presented at the Responsive Energy Technologies Symposium & International Exposition (RETSIE), Santa Clara, CA, June 20, 1990. "Indoor Air Quality - Management and Control Strategies", Presented at the Association of Energy Engineers, San Francisco Bay Area Chapter Meeting, Berkeley, CA, September 25, 1990. "Diagnosing Indoor Air Contaminant and Odor Problems", Presented at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, New York City, NY, January 23, 1991. "Diagnosing and Treating the Sick Building Syndrome", Presented at the Energy 2001, Oklahoma, OK, March 19, 1991. "Diagnosing and Mitigating Indoor Air Quality Problems" a workshop presented by the Association of Energy Engineers, Chicago, IL, October 29-30, 1990; New York, NY, January 24-25, 1991; Anaheim, April 25-26, 1991; Boston, MA, June 10-11, 1991; Atlanta, GA, October 24-25, 1991; Chicago, IL, October 3-4, 1991; Las Vegas, NV, December 16-17, 1991; Anaheim, CA, January 30-31, 1992; Atlanta, GA, March 5-6, 1992; Washington, DC, May 7-8, 1992; Chicago, IL, August 19-20, 1992; Las Vegas, 15 NV, October 1-2, 1992; New York City, NY, October 26-27, 1992, Las Vegas, NV, March 18-19, 1993; Lake Tahoe, CA, July 14-15, 1994; Las Vegas, NV, April 3-4, 1995; Lake Tahoe, CA, July 11-12, 1996; Miami, Fl, December 9-10, 1996. "Sick Building Syndrome and the Ventilation Engineer", Presented to the San Jose Engineers Club, May, 21, 1991. "Duct Cleaning: Who Needs It ? How Is It Done ? What Are The Costs ?" What Are the Risks ?, Moderator of Forum at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Indianapolis ID, June 23, 1991. "Operating Healthy Buildings", Association of Plant Engineers, Oakland, CA, November 14, 1991. "Duct Cleaning Perspectives", Moderator of Seminar at the ASHRAE Semi-Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, June 24, 1991. "Duct Cleaning: The Role of the Environmental Hygienist," ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, January 29, 1992. "Emerging IAQ Issues", Fifth National Conference on Indoor Air Pollution, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, April 13-14, 1992. "International Symposium on Room Air Convection and Ventilation Effectiveness", Member of Scientific Advisory Board, University of Tokyo, July 22-24, 1992. "Guidelines for Contaminant Control During Construction and Renovation Projects in Office Buildings," Seminar paper at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 26, 1993. "Outside Air Economizers: IAQ Friend or Foe", Moderator of Forum at the ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 26, 1993. "Orientation to Indoor Air Quality," an EPA two and one half day comprehensive indoor air quality introductory workshop for public officials and building property managers; Sacramento, September 28-30, 1992; San Francisco, February 23-24, 1993; Los Angeles, March 16-18, 1993; Burbank, June 23, 1993; Hawaii, August 24-25, 1993; Las Vegas, August 30, 1993; San Diego, September 13-14, 1993; Phoenix, October 18-19, 1993; Reno, November 14-16, 1995; Fullerton, December 3-4, 1996; Fresno, May 13-14, 1997. "Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers," an EPA one half day indoor air quality introductory workshop for building owners and facility managers. Presented throughout Region IX 1993-1995. “Techniques for Airborne Disease Control”, EPRI Healthcare Initiative Symposium; San Francisco, CA; June 7, 1994. 16 “Diagnosing and Mitigating Indoor Air Quality Problems”, CIHC Conference; San Francisco, September 29, 1994. ”Indoor Air Quality: Tools for Schools,” an EPA one day air quality management workshop for school officials, teachers, and maintenance personnel; San Francisco, October 18-20, 1994; Cerritos, December 5, 1996; Fresno, February 26, 1997; San Jose, March 27, 1997; Riverside, March 5, 1997; San Diego, March 6, 1997; Fullerton, November 13, 1997; Santa Rosa, February 1998; Cerritos, February 26, 1998; Santa Rosa, March 2, 1998. ASHRAE 62 Standard “Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ”, ASCR Convention; San Francisco, CA, March 16, 1995. “New Developments in Indoor Air Quality: Protocol for Diagnosing IAQ Problems”, AIHA-NC; March 25, 1995. "Experimental Validation of ASHRAE SPC 129, Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness", 16th AIVC Conference, Palm Springs, USA, September 19-22, 1995. “Diagnostic Protocols for Building IAQ Assessment”, American Society of Safety Engineers Seminar: ‘Indoor Air Quality – The Next Door’; San Jose Chapter, September 27, 1995; Oakland Chapter, 9, 1997. “Diagnostic Protocols for Building IAQ Assessment”, Local 39; Oakland, CA, October 3, 1995. “Diagnostic Protocols for Solving IAQ Problems”, CSU-PPD Conference; October 24, 1995. “Demonstrating Compliance with ASHRAE 62-1989 Ventilation Requirements”, AIHA; October 25, 1995. “IAQ Diagnostics: Hands on Assessment of Building Ventilation and Pollutant Transport”, EPA Region IX; Phoenix, AZ, March 12, 1996; San Francisco, CA, April 9, 1996; Burbank, CA, April 12, 1996. “Experimental Validation of ASHRAE 129P: Standard Method of Measuring Air Change Effectiveness”, Room Vent ‘96 / International Symposium on Room Air Convection and Ventilation Effectiveness"; Yokohama, Japan, July 16-19, 1996. “IAQ Diagnostic Methodologies and RFP Development”, CCEHSA 1996 Annual Conference, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, August 2, 1996. “The Practical Side of Indoor Air Quality Assessments”, California Industrial Hygiene Conference ‘96, San Diego, CA, September 2, 1996. 17 “ASHRAE Standard 62: Improving Indoor Environments”, Pacific Gas and Electric Energy Center, San Francisco, CA, October 29, 1996. “Operating and Maintaining Healthy Buildings”, April 3-4, 1996, San Jose, CA; July 30, 1997, Monterey, CA. “IAQ Primer”, Local 39, April 16, 1997; Amdahl Corporation, June 9, 1997; State Compensation Insurance Fund’s Safety & Health Services Department, November 21, 1996. “Tracer Gas Techniques for Measuring Building Air Flow Rates”, ASHRAE, Philadelphia, PA, January 26, 1997. “How to Diagnose and Mitigate Indoor Air Quality Problems”; Women in Waste; March 19, 1997. “Environmental Engineer: What Is It?”, Monte Vista High School Career Day; April 10, 1997. “Indoor Environment Controls: What’s Hot and What’s Not”, Shaklee Corporation; San Francisco, CA, July 15, 1997. “Measurement of Ventilation System Performance Parameters in the US EPA BASE Study”, Healthy Buildings/IAQ’97, Washington, DC, September 29, 1997. “Operations and Maintenance for Healthy and Comfortable Indoor Environments”, PASMA; October 7, 1997. “Designing for Healthy and Comfortable Indoor Environments”, Construction Specification Institute, Santa Rosa, CA, November 6, 1997. “Ventilation System Design for Good IAQ”, University of Tulsa 10th Annual Conference, San Francisco, CA, February 25, 1998. “The Building Shell”, Tools For Building Green Conference and Trade Show, Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Recycling Board, Oakland, CA, February 28, 1998. “Identifying Fungal Contamination Problems In Buildings”, The City of Oakland Municipal Employees, Oakland, CA, March 26, 1998. “Managing Indoor Air Quality in Schools: Staying Out of Trouble”, CASBO, Sacramento, CA, April 20, 1998. “Indoor Air Quality”, CSOOC Spring Conference, Visalia, CA, April 30, 1998. “Particulate and Gas Phase Air Filtration”, ACGIH/OSHA, Ft. Mitchell, KY, June 1998. 18 “Building Air Quality Facts and Myths”, The City of Oakland / Alameda County Safety Seminar, Oakland, CA, June 12, 1998. “Building Engineering and Moisture”, Building Contamination Workshop, University of California Berkeley, Continuing Education in Engineering and Environmental Management, San Francisco, CA, October 21-22, 1999. “Identifying and Mitigating Mold Contamination in Buildings”, Western Construction Consultants Association, Oakland, CA, March 15, 2000; AIG Construction Defect Seminar, Walnut Creek, CA, May 2, 2001; City of Oakland Public Works Agency, Oakland, CA, July 24, 2001; Executive Council of Homeowners, Alamo, CA, August 3, 2001. “Using the EPA BASE Study for IAQ Investigation / Communication”, Joint Professional Symposium 2000, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Orange County & Southern California Sections, Long Beach, October 19, 2000. “Ventilation,” Indoor Air Quality: Risk Reduction in the 21st Century Symposium, sponsored by the California Environmental Protection Agency/Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, May 3-4, 2000. “Workshop 18: Criteria for Cleaning of Air Handling Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000. “Closing Session Summary: ‘Building Investigations’ and ‘Building Design & Construction’, Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, August 2000. “Managing Building Air Quality and Energy Efficiency, Meeting the Standard of Care”, BOMA, MidAtlantic Environmental Hygiene Resource Center, Seattle, WA, May 23rd, 2000; San Antonio, TX, September 26-27, 2000. “Diagnostics & Mitigation in Sick Buildings: When Good Buildings Go Bad,” University of California Berkeley, September 18, 2001. “Mold Contamination: Recognition and What To Do and Not Do”, Redwood Empire Remodelers Association; Santa Rosa, CA, April 16, 2002. “Investigative Tools of the IAQ Trade”, Healthy Indoor Environments 2002; Austin, TX; April 22, 2002. “Finding Hidden Mold: Case Studies in IAQ Investigations”, AIHA Northern California Professionals Symposium; Oakland, CA, May 8, 2002. “Assessing and Mitigating Fungal Contamination in Buildings”, Cal/OSHA Training; Oakland, CA, February 14, 2003 and West Covina, CA, February 20-21, 2003. 19 “Use of External Containments During Fungal Mitigation”, Invited Speaker, ACGIH Mold Remediation Symposium, Orlando, FL, November 3-5, 2003. Building Operator Certification (BOC), 106-IAQ Training Workshops, Northwest Energy Efficiency Council; Stockton, CA, December 3, 2003; San Francisco, CA, December 9, 2003; Irvine, CA, January 13, 2004; San Diego, January 14, 2004; Irwindale, CA, January 27, 2004; Downey, CA, January 28, 2004; Santa Monica, CA, March 16, 2004; Ontario, CA, March 17, 2004; Ontario, CA, November 9, 2004, San Diego, CA, November 10, 2004; San Francisco, CA, November 17, 2004; San Jose, CA, November 18, 2004; Sacramento, CA, March 15, 2005. “Mold Remediation: The National QUEST for Uniformity Symposium”, Invited Speaker, Orlando, Florida, November 3-5, 2003. “Mold and Moisture Control”, Indoor Air Quality workshop for The Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS), San Francisco, December 11, 2003. “Advanced Perspectives In Mold Prevention & Control Symposium”, Invited Speaker, Las Vegas, Nevada, November 7-9, 2004. “Building Sciences: Understanding and Controlling Moisture in Buildings”, American Industrial Hygiene Association, San Francisco, CA, February 14-16, 2005. “Indoor Air Quality Diagnostics and Healthy Building Design”, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, March 2, 2005. “Improving IAQ = Reduced Tenant Complaints”, Northern California Facilities Exposition, Santa Clara, CA, September 27, 2007. “Defining Safe Building Air”, Criteria for Safe Air and Water in Buildings, ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, IL, January 27, 2008. “Update on USGBC LEED and Air Filtration”, Invited Speaker, NAFA 2008 Convention, San Francisco, CA, September 19, 2008. “Ventilation and Indoor air Quality in New California Homes”, National Center of Healthy Housing, October 20, 2008. “Indoor Air Quality in New Homes”, California Energy and Air Quality Conference, October 29, 2008. “Mechanical Outdoor air Ventilation Systems and IAQ in New Homes”, ACI Home Performance Conference, Kansas City, MO, April 29, 2009. “Ventilation and IAQ in New Homes with and without Mechanical Outdoor Air Systems”, Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, CA, September 14, 2009. 20 “Ten Ways to Improve Your Air Quality”, Northern California Facilities Exposition, Santa Clara, CA, September 30, 2009. “New Developments in Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings”, Westcon meeting, Alameda, CA, March 17, 2010. “Intermittent Residential Mechanical Outdoor Air Ventilation Systems and IAQ”, ASHRAE SSPC 62.2 Meeting, Austin, TX, April 19, 2010. “Measured IAQ in Homes”, ACI Home Performance Conference, Austin, TX, April 21, 2010. “Respiration: IEQ and Ventilation”, AIHce 2010, How IH Can LEED in Green buildings, Denver, CO, May 23, 2010. “IAQ Considerations for Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)”, Northern California Facilities Exposition, Santa Clara, CA, September 22, 2010. “Energy Conservation and Health in Buildings”, Berkeley High SchoolGreen Career Week, Berkeley, CA, April 12, 2011. “What Pollutants are Really There ?”, ACI Home Performance Conference, San Francisco, CA, March 30, 2011. “Energy Conservation and Health in Residences Workshop”, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, TX, June 6, 2011. “Assessing IAQ and Improving Health in Residences”, US EPA Weatherization Plus Health, September 7, 2011. “Ventilation: What a Long Strange Trip It’s Been”, Westcon, May 21, 2014. “Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive Exposures”, Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014. “Infectious Disease Aerosol Exposures With and Without Surge Control Ventilation System Modifications”, Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong, July, 2014. “Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes”, IMF Health and Welfare Fair, Washington, DC, February 18, 2015. “Chemical Emissions and Health Hazards Associated with E-Cigarettes”, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, August 15, 2014. “Formaldehyde Indoor Concentrations, Material Emission Rates, and the CARB ATCM”, Harris Martin’s Lumber Liquidators Flooring Litigation Conference, WQ Minneapolis Hotel, May 27, 2015. 21 “Chemical Emissions from E-Cigarettes: Direct and Indirect Passive Exposure”, FDA Public Workshop: Electronic Cigarettes and the Public Health, Hyattsville, MD June 2, 2015. “Creating Healthy Homes, Schools, and Workplaces”, Chautauqua Institution, Athenaeum Hotel, August 24, 2015. “Diagnosing IAQ Problems and Designing Healthy Buildings”, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, October 6, 2015. “Diagnosing Ventilation and IAQ Problems in Commercial Buildings”, BEST Center Annual Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, January 6, 2016. “A Review of Studies of Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes and Impacts of Environmental Factors on Formaldehyde Emission Rates From Composite Wood Products”, AIHce2016, May, 21-26, 2016. “Admissibility of Scientific Testimony”, Science in the Court, Proposition 65 Clearinghouse Annual Conference, Oakland, CA, September 15, 2016. “Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation”, ASHRAE Redwood Empire, Napa, CA, December 1, 2016. ([KLELW% 2656 29th Street, Suite 201 Santa Monica, CA 90405 Matt Hagemann, P.G, C.Hg. (949) 887-9013 mhagemann@swape.com Paul E. Rosenfeld, PhD (310) 795-2335 prosenfeld@swape.com January 16, 2020 Michael Lozeau Lozeau | Drury LLP 1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150 Oakland, CA 94612 Subject: Comments on the De Anza Hotel Project (SCH No. 2019079010) Dear Mr. Lozeau, We have reviewed the July 2019 Public Review Draft Initial Study (“IS”) for the De Anza Hotel Project (“Project”) located in the City of Cupertino (“City”). The Project proposes to construct a 129,000 square foot hotel, an 88,000 square foot subterranean parking garage, and an 18,000 square foot driveway and surface parking lot on the 1.29-acre site. Our review concludes that the IS fails to adequately evaluate the Project’s Air Quality, Health Risk, and Greenhouse Gas impacts. As a result, emissions and health risk impacts associated with construction and operation of the proposed Project are underestimated and inadequately addressed. An updated EIR should be prepared to adequately assess and mitigate the potential air quality and health risk impacts that the project may have on the surrounding environment. Air Quality Incorrect Analysis of Project Construction Emissions The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (“BAAQMD”) provides significance thresholds to evaluate air pollutant emissions in the form of pounds per day (lbs/day). In order to compare the Project’s air pollutant emissions to these thresholds, the IS states, “Average daily emissions are based on the annual construction emissions divided by the total number of active construction days” (p. 4-11). 2 Thus, the IS converted the annual emissions measured in tons per year to pounds per year, and then divided them by the number of workdays of construction. However, this is incorrect. CalEEMod provides three types of output files – winter, summer, and annual. While the annual output files measure emissions in tons per year, both the winter and summer output files provide emissions estimates in pounds per day. Furthermore, CEQA requires the most conservative analysis, and the use of converted annual CalEEMod output files may underestimate emissions. Thus, the IS’s conversion from the annual tons per year to pounds per day was unsubstantiated and incorrect. As such, the IS should have provided and utilized the emissions from the winter or summer CalEEMod output files in order to compare to the BAAQMD thresholds. Unsubstantiated Input Parameters Used to Estimate Project Emissions The IS’s air quality analysis relies on emissions calculated with CalEEMod.2016.3.2.1 CalEEMod provides recommended default values based on site-specific information, such as land use type, meteorological data, total lot acreage, project type and typical equipment associated with project type. If more specific project information is known, the user can change the default values and input project-specific values, but the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that such changes be justified by substantial evidence.2 Once all of the values are inputted into the model, the Project's construction and operational emissions are calculated, and "output files" are generated. These output files disclose to the reader what parameters were utilized in calculating the Project's air pollutant emissions and make known which default values were changed as well as provide justification for the values selected.3 Review of the Project’s air modeling, provided in the Revised Appendix A to the IS, demonstrates that the IS underestimates emissions associated with Project activities. As previously stated, the IS air quality analysis relies on air pollutant emissions calculated using CalEEMod. When reviewing the Project’s CalEEMod output files, provided as Appendix A to the IS, we found that several of the values inputted into the model were not consistent with information disclosed in the IS. As a result, the Project’s construction and operational emissions are underestimated. An updated EIR should be prepared to include an updated air quality analysis that adequately evaluates the impacts that construction and operation of the Project will have on local and regional air quality. Underestimated Land Use Sizes Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the floor surface area values of the proposed parking lot and hotel land uses were underestimated within the model, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s emissions. 1 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4. 2 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 1, 9. 3 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, fn 1, p. 11, 12 – 13. A key feature of the CalEEMod program is the “remarks” feature, where the user explains why a default setting was replaced by a “user defined” value. These remarks are included in the report. 3 According to the IS, the Project proposes to construct an 18,000-square-foot driveway and surface parking lot (p. 3-25). However, review of the CalEEMod output files reveals that only 860-square-feet of parking lot were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 93, 135). Furthermore, according to the IS, the Project proposes to construct a 129,000-square-foot hotel building (p. 3-25). However, review of the CalEEMod output files reveals that only 122,256-square-feet of hotel were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 93, 135). As you can see in the excerpt above, the model underestimated the parking lot land use size by approximately 17,140-square-feet and the hotel land use size by approximately 6,744-square-feet. As previously stated, the land use type and size features are used throughout CalEEMod to determine default variable and emission factors that go into the model’s calculations.4 The square footage of a land use is used for certain calculations such as determining the wall space to be painted (i.e., VOC emissions from architectural coatings) and volume that is heated or cooled (i.e., energy impacts). By underestimating the floor surface areas of the proposed parking lot and hotel land uses, the model underestimates the Project’s construction and operational emissions and should not be relied upon to determine Project significance. Unsubstantiated Reduction in Intensity Factors Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the default values for the CO2, CH4, and N2O intensity factors were manually changed without justification. As a result, the Project’s operational emissions may be underestimated. Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the model’s CO2 intensity factor was artificially reduced from 641.35 to 10.84, the CH4 intensity factor was reduced from 0.029 to 0, and the N2O intensity factor was reduced from 0.006 to 0 (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 96, 138). 4 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 18. 4 As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be justified.5 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification provided for this change is: “Carbon Intensity factors adjusted for Silicon Valley Clean Energy Power” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136). Furthermore, the IS states that Silicon Valley Clean Energy will supply electricity to the Project site (p. 4-30). However, neither the IS nor its associated appendices provide a citation or further justification for the updated carbon intensity factors. As a result, we cannot verify these altered values, and the model may underestimate the Project’s emissions. Failure to Account for Total Amount of Material Export Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the IS’s model failed to include the total amount of material export expected to occur during Project construction. As a result, the Project’s construction-related emissions may be underestimated. According to the IS, “[t]he proposed Project would require up to 72,000 cubic yards of cut” (p. 3-25). However, review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that only 71,054 cubic yards of material export were included in the model (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 137). As you can see in the excerpt above, the model underestimates the amount of material export by 946 cubic yards. This underestimation presents an issue, as the inclusion of the entire amount of material export within the model is necessary to calculate the emissions produced from material movement, including truck loading and unloading, and additional hauling truck trips.6 Furthermore, despite the fact that the IS states that the Project would require up to 72,000 cubic yards of material export, CEQA requires the most conservative analysis. Thus, the total amount of possible material export should have been included. As a result, emissions generated during Project construction may be underestimated by the model. Unsubstantiated Changes to Pieces of Construction Equipment The IS’s CalEEMod model includes several unsubstantiated reductions to the numbers of pieces of construction equipment. As a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s construction emissions. Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the number of several pieces of construction equipment were reduced to zero (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 138). 5 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9 6 CalEEMod User’s Guide, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/upgrades/2016.3/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-1.pdf?sfvrsn=2, p. 3, 26. 5 As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be justified.7 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification provided for these changes is: “No grading soil haul equipment” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136). However, this change is not mentioned or justified in the IS and associated appendices. As a result, we cannot verify these reductions, and the model should not be relied upon to determine Project significance. Unsubstantiated Changes to Fleet Mix The IS’s CalEEMod model includes several unsubstantiated changes to the Project’s fleet mix percentage values, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s mobile-source operational emissions. Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that several fleet mix percentage values were manually altered (Revised Appendix A, pp. 95, 137). As you can see in the excerpt above, the fleet mix for the proposed Project was artificially changed in the model. As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be justified.8 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEmod inputs fleet mix” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94). However, the IS and associated appendices fail to mention or justify these changes. As a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s mobile-related operational emissions. 7 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9 8 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9 6 Unsubstantiated Changes to Wastewater Treatment System Percentages Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the wastewater treatment system percentages were manually altered (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 96, 138, 139). As previously mentioned, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires any changes to model defaults be justified.9 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 136). However, the IS fails to justify this statement or mention the changes. According to the CalEEMod User’s Guide, each type of wastewater treatment system is associated with different GHG emission factors.10 Thus, artificially altering the wastewater treatment system percentages may result in an underestimation of the Project’s GHG emissions. As a result, the model should be relied upon to determine Project significance. Incorrect Indoor Water Use Rate The indoor water use rate, used to estimate the proposed Project’s GHG emissions associated with the supply and treatment of water, was incorrectly changed from the CalEEMod default value without sufficient justification.11 As a result, the Project’s operational emissions may be underestimated. According to the IS, “[t]he estimated water demand is 156 hotel rooms x 390 square foot per room x 0.50 gpd/sf for a total of 30,420 gpd” (p. 4-93). Converted, this correlates with an indoor water use rate of 11,103,300 gallons per year (gpy).12 However, review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that only 82,125 gpy were inputted into the model for the hotel land use (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 138). 9 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 2, 9 10 CalEEMod User Guide, available at: http://www.caleemod.com/, p. 45 11 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 44-45. 12 Indoor Water Use Rate = 30,420 gpd x 365 days per year = 11,103,300 gpy 7 As you can see in the excerpt above, the indoor water use rate was underestimated by approximately 11,021,175 gpy. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values inputted must be justified.13 However, according to the IS, the indoor water use rate should have been 30,420 gpd, or 11,103,300 gpy (p. 4-93). According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, these changes are justified by stating: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 136). However, this fails to substantiate the changes or justify a different indoor water use rate than was specified in the IS. Thus, the CalEEMod is incorrect and underestimates the hotel land use’s indoor water use rate. Furthermore, while the IS provides data on the hotel land use’s indoor water use rate, the IS fails to provide an indoor water use rate for the Project’s other proposed land uses. However, review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the indoor water use rate for the Quality Restaurant land use was artificially altered without justification (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 138). As you can see in the excerpt above, the indoor water use rate was manually changed for the proposed Quality Restaurant land use. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non- default values inputted must be justified.14 However, review of the IS demonstrates that this change was not mentioned or substantiated. As a result, we cannot verify this change and the model may underestimate the Project’s water-related operational emissions. Unsubstantiated Changes to Solid Waste Generation Rates The solid waste generation rates, used to estimate the proposed Project’s operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the disposal of solid waste into landfills, were artificially changed from the CalEEMod default values without sufficient justification. 15 As a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s operational emissions. Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the proposed Project’s solid waste generation rates were manually changed without adequate justification (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 138). 13 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13. 14 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13. 15 CalEEMod User’s Guide, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/caleemod/01_user-39-s- guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 46 8 As you can see in the excerpt above, the solid waste generation rates were artificially altered from the default values. As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values inputted must be justified.16 According to the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table, the justification provided for these changes is: “Refer to CalEEMod inputs” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 136). However, the IS fails to justify or mention these changes. As a result, these changes cannot be verified and we find the Project’s air quality model to be unreliable for determining Project significance. Unsubstantiated Application of Construction Mitigation Measure Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrates that the model includes an unsubstantiated construction mitigation measure, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s construction-related emissions. Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files reveals that the model includes a 9% reduction of particulate matter emissions as a result of the “Clean Paved Roads” mitigation measure (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 94, 134). As you can see in the excerpt above, the model includes a 9% reduction off particulate matter from the mitigation measure “Clean Paved Roads.” As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values inputted must be justified.17 While the IS mentions sweeping paved roads, it fails to justify or mention the 9% reduction (p. 4-11). Furthermore, the “User Entered Comments & Non- Default Data” table fails to justify the inclusion of this mitigation measure. Thus, the reduction cannot be verified, and as a result, the model may underestimate the Project’s construction emissions. Unsubstantiated Application of Water-related Operational Mitigation Measures Review of the Project’s CalEEMod output files reveals that the model included several water-related mitigation measures without sufficient justification, and as a result, the Project’s operational emissions may be underestimated. 16 “CalEEMod User’s Guide.” CAPCOA, November 2017, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13. 17 CalEEMod User Guide, p. 7, p. 13, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/caleemod/01_user- 39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4 (A key feature of the CalEEMod program is the “remarks” feature, where the user explains why a default setting was replaced by a “user defined” value. These remarks are included in the report.) 9 The Project’s CalEEMod output files demonstrate that the Project’s emissions were modeled with several unsubstantiated water-related mitigation measures (see excerpt below) (Revised Appendix A, pp. 129). As you can see in the excerpt above, the Project’s operational emissions were modeled including the following water-related mitigation measures: “Install Low Flow Bathroom Faucet,” “Install Low Flow Kitchen Faucet,” “Install Low Flow Toilet,” and “Install Low Flow Shower” (Revised Appendix A, pp. 129). As previously stated, the CalEEMod User’s Guide requires that any non-default values inputted must be justified.18 However, the “User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data” table fails to mention or provide a justification for the inclusion of these mitigation measures. Additionally, the IS fails to address these mitigation measures. As a result, we cannot verify the inclusion of these measures in the model, and the model should not be relied upon to determine Project significance. Diesel Particulate Matter Health Risk Emissions Inadequately Evaluated The IS conducts a construction health risk assessment (HRA) and determines that, after mitigation, the construction-related health risk posed to the maximally exposed individual receptor (MEIR) would be approximately 5.1 in one million (see excerpt below) (p. 4-16, Table 4-5). However, the IS’s analysis is incorrect, as the construction HRA relies on an unsubstantiated air model that underestimates the Project’s emissions. As a result, the IS’s construction HRA should not be relied upon to determine the Project’s significance. 18 CAPCOA (November 2017) CalEEMod User’s Guide, http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/caleemod/01_user-39-s-guide2016-3-2_15november2017.pdf?sfvrsn=4, p. 7, 13. 10 Furthermore, review of the IS demonstrates that the IS failed to conduct a quantified HRA for Project operation, stating: “[I]mplementation of the proposed project would not result in creation of land uses that would generate substantial concentrations of TACs… Development of the proposed hotel may result in stationary sources of TACs emissions from the restaurant’s use of charbroilers, or emergency generators and boilers. However, these sources are not considered to be large emitters… [H]otel-related truck deliveries would be less than CARB’s recommended advisory criteria for distribution centers (100 trucks per day)… [I]mpacts related to TACs are considered less than significant.” (p. 4-16, 4-17). However, these justifications and subsequent less than significant impact conclusion are incorrect. By failing to prepare an operational HRA, the IS is inconsistent with recommendations set forth by the Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment’s (OEHHA) most recent Risk Assessment Guidelines: Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments, as cited by the IS (Appendix B, p. 2). The OEHHA guidance document describes the types of projects that warrant the preparation of a health risk assessment.19 Once construction of the Project is complete, the Project will operate for a long period of time. During operation, the Project will generate vehicle trips, which will generate additional exhaust emissions, thus continuing to expose nearby sensitive receptors to emissions. The OEHHA document recommends that exposure from projects lasting more than 6 months should be evaluated for the duration of the project, and recommends that an exposure duration of 30 years be used to estimate individual cancer risk for the maximally exposed individual resident (MEIR).20 Even though we were not provided with the expected lifetime of the Project, we can reasonably assume that the Project will operate for at least 30 years, if not more. Therefore, health risks from Project operation should have also been evaluated by the IS, as a 30-year exposure duration vastly exceeds the 6-month requirement set forth by OEHHA. These recommendations reflect the most recent health risk policy, and as such, an updated assessment of health risks posed to nearby sensitive receptors from Project operation should be included in a revised CEQA evaluation for the Project. Furthermore, the IS fails to sum the cancer risk calculated for each age group. According to OEHHA guidance, “the excess cancer risk is calculated separately for each age grouping and then summed to yield cancer risk at the receptor location.”21 However, review of the construction HRA conducted in the IS demonstrates that the IS failed to sum each age bin to evaluate the total cancer risk over the course of the Project’s lifetime. This is incorrect and thus, an updated analysis should quantify the Project’s 19 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf 20 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 8-6, 8-15. 21 “Guidance Manual for preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 8-4 11 construction and operational health risks and then sum them to compare to the BAAQMD threshold of 10 in one million.22 In an effort to demonstrate the potential risk posed by the Project to nearby sensitive receptors, we prepared a simple screening-level operational HRA. The results of our assessment, as described below, demonstrate that construction and operational DPM emissions may result in a potentially significant health risk impact that was not previously identified or evaluated within the IS. Screening-Level Assessment Indicates Significant Impact In an effort to demonstrate the potential health risk posed by Project construction and operation to nearby sensitive receptors, we prepared a simple screening-level HRA. The results of our assessment, as described below, provide substantial evidence that the Project’s construction and operational DPM emissions may result in a potentially significant health risk impact that was not previously identified. In order to conduct our screening level risk assessment, we relied upon AERSCREEN, which is a screening level air quality dispersion model. 23 The model replaced SCREEN3, and AERSCREEN is included in the OEHHA 24 and the California Air Pollution Control Officers Associated (CAPCOA) 25 guidance as the appropriate air dispersion model for Level 2 health risk screening assessments (“HRSAs”). A Level 2 HRSA utilizes a limited amount of site-specific information to generate maximum reasonable downwind concentrations of air contaminants to which nearby sensitive receptors may be exposed. If an unacceptable air quality hazard is determined to be possible using AERSCREEN, a more refined modeling approach is required prior to approval of the Project. We prepared a preliminary HRA of the Project’s construction and operational health-related impacts to sensitive receptors using the annual PM10 exhaust estimates from the SWAPE annual CalEEMod output files. According to the IS, there is a residential receptor located approximately 225 feet, or 69 meters, east of the Project site (p. 4-60, Table 4-7). However, review of Google Earth demonstrates that there are sensitive receptors roughly 50 meters east of the Project site. Consistent with recommendations set forth by OEHHA, as cited by the IS, we assumed that residential exposure begins during the third trimester stage of life. The SWAPE construction CalEEMod output files indicate that construction activities will generate approximately 127 pounds of DPM over the approximately 592-day construction period. The AERSCREEN model relies on a continuous average emission rate to simulate maximum downward concentrations from point, area, and volume emission sources. To account for the variability in equipment usage and truck trips over Project construction, we calculated an average DPM emission rate by the following equation: 22 “California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines.” BAAQMD, May 2017, available at: http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en 23 “AERSCREEN Released as the EPA Recommended Screening Model,” USEPA, April 11, 2011, available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance/clarification/20110411_AERSCREEN_Release_Memo.pdf 24 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf 25 “Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects,” CAPCOA, July 2009, available at: http://www.capcoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/CAPCOA_HRA_LU_Guidelines_8-6-09.pdf 12 ܧ݉݅ݏݏ݅݋݊ ܴܽݐ݁ ቀ ݃ݎܽ݉ݏ ݏ݁ܿ݋݊݀ ቁ = 126.6 ݈ܾݏ 592 ݀ܽݕݏ × 453.6 ݃ݎܽ݉ݏ ݈ܾݏ × 1 ݀ܽݕ 24 ݄݋ݑݎݏ × 1 ݄݋ݑݎ 3,600 ݏ݁ܿ݋݊݀ݏ =૙.૙૙૚૚૛૜ ࢍ/࢙ Using this equation, we estimated a construction emission rate of 0.001123 grams per second (g/s). Subtracting the 592-day construction duration from the total residential duration of 30 years, we assumed that after Project construction, the MEIR would be exposed to the Project’s operational DPM for an additional 28.4 years approximately. SWAPE’s updated operational CalEEMod emissions indicate that operational activities will generate approximately 81 pounds of DPM per year throughout operation. Applying the same equation used to estimate the construction DPM rate, we estimated the following emission rate for Project operation: ܧ݉݅ݏݏ݅݋݊ ܴܽݐ݁ ቀ ݃ݎܽ݉ݏ ݏ݁ܿ݋݊݀ ቁ = 80.8 ݈ܾݏ 365 ݀ܽݕݏ × 453.6 ݃ݎܽ݉ݏ ݈ܾݏ × 1 ݀ܽݕ 24 ݄݋ݑݎݏ × 1 ݄݋ݑݎ 3,600 ݏ݁ܿ݋݊݀ݏ =૙.૙૙૚૚૟ ࢍ/࢙ Using this equation, we estimated an operational emission rate of 0.00116 g/s. Construction and operational activity was simulated as a 1.29-acre rectangular area source in AERSCREEN with dimensions of 95 meters by 55 meters. A release height of three meters was selected to represent the height of exhaust stacks on operational equipment and other heavy-duty vehicles, and an initial vertical dimension of one and a half meters was used to simulate instantaneous plume dispersion upon release. An urban meteorological setting was selected with model-default inputs for wind speed and direction distribution. The AERSCREEN model generates maximum reasonable estimates of single-hour DPM concentrations from the Project site. EPA guidance suggests that in screening procedures, the annualized average concentration of an air pollutant be estimated by multiplying the single-hour concentration by 10%.26 As previously stated, there are residential receptors located approximately 50 meters from the Project boundary. The single-hour concentration estimated by AERSCREEN for Project construction is approximately 5.141 μg/m3 DPM at approximately 50 meters downwind. Multiplying this single-hour concentration by 10%, we get an annualized average concentration of 0.5141 μg/m3 for Project construction at the nearest sensitive receptor. For Project operation, the single-hour concentration estimated by AERSCREEN is 5.321 μg/m3 DPM at approximately 25 meters downwind. Multiplying this single-hour concentration by 10%, we get an annualized average concentration of 0.5321 μg/m3 for Project operation at the nearest sensitive receptor. We calculated the excess cancer risk to the residential receptors located closest to the Project site using applicable HRA methodologies prescribed by OEHHA and the BAAQMD. Consistent with the construction schedule proposed by the IS’s CalEEMod output files, the annualized average concentration for construction was used for the entire third trimester of pregnancy (0.25 years) and the first 1.37 years of the infantile stage of life (0 – 2 years). The annualized average concentration for operation was used for 26 “Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources Revised.” EPA, 1992, available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/guidance/guide/EPA-454R-92-019_OCR.pdf; see also “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf p. 4-36. 13 the remainder of the 30-year exposure period, which makes up the remainder of the infantile stage of life (2 – 16 years), child stage of life (2 – 16 years) and adult stage of life (16 – 30 years). Consistent with the methodology utilized by the IS, we utilized age sensitivity factors (Appendix B, p. 2). Thus, we multiplied the quantified cancer risk by a factor of ten during the third trimester of pregnancy and during the first two years of life (infant) and by a factor of three during the child stage of life (2 to 16 years). Furthermore, in accordance with guidance set forth by OEHHA, we used the 95th percentile breathing rates for infants.27 Finally, according to BAAQMD guidance, we used a Fraction of Time At Home (FAH) value of 0.85 for the 3rd trimester and infant receptors, 0.72 for child receptors, and 0.73 for the adult receptors.28 We used a cancer potency factor of 1.1 (mg/kg-day)-1 and an averaging time of 25,550 days. Consistent with OEHHA guidance, exposure to the sensitive receptor was assumed to begin in the third trimester to provide the most conservative estimate of air quality hazards. The results of our calculations are shown below. The Closest Exposed Individual at an Existing Residential Receptor Activity Duration (years) Concentration (ug/m3) Breathing Rate (L/kg- day) ASF Cancer Risk with ASFs* Construction 0.25 0.5141 361 10 5.9E-06 3rd Trimester Duration 0.25 3rd Trimester Exposure 5.9E-06 Construction 1.37 0.5141 1090 10 9.8E-05 Operation 0.63 0.5321 1090 10 4.7E-05 Infant Exposure Duration 2.00 Infant Exposure 1.5E-04 Operation 14.00 0.5321 572 3 1.4E-04 Child Exposure Duration 14.00 Child Exposure 1.4E-04 Operation 14.00 0.5321 261 1 2.1E-05 Adult Exposure Duration 14.00 Adult Exposure 2.1E-05 Lifetime Exposure Duration 30.00 Lifetime Exposure 3.1E-04 27 “Supplemental Guidelines for Preparing Risk Assessments for the Air Toxics ‘Hot Spots’ Information and Assessment Act,” June 5, 2015, available at: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/planning/risk- assessment/ab2588-risk-assessment-guidelines.pdf?sfvrsn=6, p. 19. “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf 28 “Air Toxics NSR Program Health Risk Assessment (HRA) Guidelines.” BAAQMD, January 2016, available at: http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/rules-and-regs/workshops/2016/reg-2-5/hra- guidelines_clean_jan_2016-pdf.pdf?la=en 14 As indicated in the table above, the excess cancer risk posed to adults, children, infants, and during the third trimester of pregnancy at the closest receptor, located approximately 50 meters away, over the course of Project construction and operation, are approximately 21, 140, 150, and 5.9 in one million, respectively. The excess cancer risk over the course of a residential lifetime (30 years) at the closest receptor is approximately 310 in one million, thus resulting in a potentially significant health risk impact not previously addressed or identified by the IS. An agency must include an analysis of health risks that connects the Project’s air emissions with the health risk posed by those emissions. Our analysis represents a screening-level HRA, which is known to be conservative and tends to err on the side of health protection. 29 The purpose of the screening-level construction HRA shown above is to demonstrate the link between the proposed Project’s emissions and the potential health risk. Our screening-level HRA demonstrates that construction of the Project could result in a potentially significant health risk impact, when correct exposure assumptions and up- to-date, applicable guidance are used. Therefore, since our screening-level construction HRA indicates a potentially significant impact, the City should prepare an EIR with a revised HRA which makes a reasonable effort to connect the Project’s air quality emissions and the potential health risks posed to nearby receptors. Thus, the City should prepare an updated, quantified air pollution model as well as an updated, quantified refined health risk assessment which adequately and accurately evaluates health risk impacts associated with both Project construction and operation. Greenhouse Gas Failure to Adequately Evaluate Greenhouse Gas Impacts The IS concludes that the Project’s emissions would exceed the BAAQMD bright line threshold, and subsequently proposes mitigation. Specifically, the IS states: “Because the project’s net increase in long-term emissions of 1,272 MTCO2e exceeds BAAQMD’s bright-line threshold of 1,100 MTCO2e per year... the following mitigation measure is proposed” (p. 4-39). The IS goes on to state: “As a result of implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1, emissions from the proposed project would not exceed the BAAQMD’s bright-line threshold. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant” (p. 4-39). Finally, the Project evaluates the Project’s consistency with the CARB Scoping Plan, the Plan Bay Area 2040, and Cupertino’s CAP in order to determine that the Project would have a less than significant impact (p. 4-40). Thus, the IS relies upon the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1 to reduce the Project’s GHG impact to a less than significant level, as well as consistency with the above- mentioned plans. 29 “Risk Assessment Guidelines Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.” OEHHA, February 2015, available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf, p. 1-5 15 However, this analysis and subsequent less than significant impact conclusion is incorrect for several reasons. (1) The CARB Scoping Plan and the Plan Bay Area cannot be relied upon to determine Project significance; (2) The Project fails to demonstrate consistency with the Cupertino CAP; (3) The IS’s incorrect and unsubstantiated analysis indicates a potentially significant GHG impact; and, (4) Updated analysis indicates significant impact. (1) The CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay Area are not CAPs The IS determines that the Project demonstrates consistency with the CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay Area. However, these policies do not qualify as Climate Action Plans (CAPs). CEQA Guidelines § 15064.4(b)(3) allows a lead agency to consider “[t]he extent to which the project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to implement a statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (see, e.g., section 15183.5(b)).” (Emph. added). When adopting this language, the California Natural Resources Agency (“Resources Agency”) explained in its 2018 Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action (“2018 Statement of Reason”)30 that it explicitly added referenced to section 15183.5(b) because it was “needed to clarify that lead agencies may rely on plans prepared pursuant to section 15183.5 in evaluating a project’s [GHG] emissions … [and] consistent with the Agency’s Final Statement of Reasons for the addition of section 15064.4, which states that ‘proposed section 15064.4 is intended to be read in conjunction with . . . proposed section 15183.5. Those sections each indicate that local and regional plans may be developed to reduce GHG emissions.’” 2018 Final Statement of Reason, p. 19 (emph. added); see also 2009 Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action, p. 27.31 When read in conjunction, CEQA Guidelines §§ 15064.4(b)(3) and 15183.5(b)(1) make clear qualified GHG reduction plans (also commonly referred to as a Climate Action Plan [“CAP”]) should include the following features: (1) Inventory: Quantify GHG emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period, resulting from activities (e.g., projects) within a defined geographic area (e.g., lead agency jurisdiction); (2) Establish GHG Reduction Goal: Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which the contribution to GHG emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be cumulatively considerable; (3) Analyze Project Types: Identify and analyze the GHG emissions resulting from specific actions or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area; 30 Resources Agency (Nov. 2018) Final Statement of Reasons For Regulatory Action: Amendments To The State CEQA Guidelines, http://resources.ca.gov/ceqa/docs/2018_CEQA_Final_Statement_of%20Reasons_111218.pdf. 31 Resources Agency (Dec. 2009) Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action, p. 27 (“Those sections each indicate that local and regional plans may be developed to reduce GHG emissions. If such plans reduce community-wide emissions to a level that is less than significant, a later project that complies with the requirements in such a plan may be found to have a less than significant impact.”), http://resources.ca.gov/ceqa/ docs/Final_Statement_of_Reasons.pdf. 16 (4) Craft Performance Based Mitigation Measures: Specify measures or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by-project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level; (5) Monitoring: Establish a mechanism to monitor the CAP progress toward achieving said level and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving specified levels; The above-listed CAP features provide the necessary substantial evidence demonstrating a project’s incremental contribution is not cumulative considerable, as required under CEQA Guidelines § 15064.4(b)(3).32 Here, however, the IS fails to demonstrate that the plans and policies include the above-listed requirements to be considered a qualified CAP for the City. As such, the IS leaves an analytical gap showing that compliance with said plans can be used for a project-level significance determination. Thus, the IS’s GHG analysis regarding the CARB Scoping Plan and Plan Bay Area should not be relied upon to determine Project significance. (2) The Cupertino CAP Cannot be Relied upon to Determine Project Significance; As discussed above, the IS relies on the Project’s consistency with the Cupertino CAP to determine that the Project’s GHG impact would be less than significant. Specifically, the IS states, “Development in the Cupertino, including the proposed project, is required to adhere to City- adopted policy provisions, including those contained in the adopted CAP. The City ensures that the provisions of the Cupertino CAP are incorporated into projects and their permits through development review and applications of conditions of approval as applicable. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant” (p. 4-43). However, the CAP fails to provide specific, project-level measures. Instead, the CAP provides “community-wide” measures with quantified GHG reduction potentials. Regardless, the IS fails to demonstrate consistency with all of the CAP’s “community-wide” measures and associated GHG reduction potentials (see table below). 32 See Mission Bay Alliance v. Office of Community Investment & Infrastructure (2016) 6 Cal.App.5th 160, 200-201 (Upheld qualitative GHG analysis when based on city’s adopted its greenhouse gas strategy that contained “multiple elements” of CEQA Guidelines § 15183.5(b), “quantification of [city’s] baseline levels of [GHG] emissions and planned reductions[,]” approved by the regional air district, and “[a]t the heart” of the city’s greenhouse gas strategy was “specific regulations” and measures to be implemented on a “project-by-project basis … designed to achieve the specified citywide emission level.”). 17 Measure IS Consistency Cupertino CAP Community-Wide Measures Measure C-E-1 Energy Use Data and Analysis Increase resident and building owner/tenant/operator knowledge about how, when, and where building energy is used. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 850 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS fails to address owner/tenant/operator knowledge about how, when, and where building energy is used. The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-E-2 Retrofit Financing Promote existing and support development of new private financing options for home and commercial building retrofits and renewable energy development. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 10,525 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS fails to address new or existing private financing options for home and commercial building retrofits and renewable energy development. The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-E-3 Home & Commercial Building Retrofit Outreach Develop aggressive outreach program to drive voluntary participation in energy- and water- efficiency retrofits. Supporting Measure Here, the IS fails to address outreach programs to drive voluntary participation in energy- and water-efficiency retrofits. Measure C-E-4 Energy Assurance & Resiliency Plan Develop a long-term community-wide energy conservation plan that considers future opportunities to influence building energy efficiency through additional or enhanced building regulations. Supporting Measure Here, the IS fails to address a long-term community-wide energy conservation plan. The IS also fails to mention future opportunities to influence building energy efficiency through additional or enhanced building regulations. 18 Measure C-E-5 Community-Wide Solar Photovoltaic Development Encourage voluntary community-wide solar photovoltaic development through regulatory barrier reduction and public outreach campaigns. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 4,400 MT CO2e/yr Here, while the IS mentions the potential for solar panels on the roof level, it fails to quantify these emissions or mention voluntary community-wide photovoltaic development through regulatory barrier reduction and public outreach campaigns (p. 3-13). The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-E-6 Community-Wide Solar Hot Water Development Encourage communitywide solar hot water development through regulatory barrier reduction and public outreach campaigns. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 925 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS fails to mention solar hot water development through regulatory barrier reduction and public outreach campaigns. The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-E-7 Community Choice Energy Option Partner with other Santa Clara County jurisdictions to evaluate the development of a regional CCE option, including identification of the geographic scope, potential costs to participating jurisdictions and residents, and potential liabilities. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 56,875 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS fails to mention partnering with other Santa Clara County jurisdictions or evaluating the development of a regional CCE option. The IS also fails to address the identification of the geographic scope, potential costs to participating jurisdictions and residentials, or potential liabilities. The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-T-2 Bikeshare Program Explore feasibility of developing local bikeshare program. Supporting Measure Here, while the IS discusses bicycle facilities in the vicinity of the proposed Project and mentions that the Project would not conflict with the City’s Bike Plan, the IS fails to address a bikeshare program (p. 4-83). 19 Measure C-T-3 Transportation Demand Management Provide informational resources to local businesses subject to SB 1339 transportation demand management program requirements and encourage additional voluntary participation in the program. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 2,375 MT CO2e/yr Here, while the IS addresses a TDM program, the IS fails to mention SB 1339, informational resources, or encouraging additional voluntary participation in the program (p. 3-22). The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-T-5 Transit Priority Improve transit service reliability and speed. Supporting Measure Here, while the IS mentions local transit, it fails to discuss any improvements of transit service reliability and speed (p. 4-77). Measure C-T-6 Transit-Oriented Development Continue to encourage development that takes advantage of its location near local transit options (e.g., major bus stops) through higher densities and intensities to increase ridership potential. Supporting Measure Here, while the IS mentions transit, it fails to discuss encouraging development that takes advantage of its location near local transit options (p. 4-77). The IS also fails to address encouraging higher densities and intensities to increase ridership potential. Measure C-T-7 Community-Wide Alternative Fuel Vehicles Encourage community-wide use of alternative fuel vehicles through expansion of alternative vehicle refueling infrastructure. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 10,225 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS fails to mention encouraging community-wide use of alternative fuel vehicles or alternative fuel refueling infrastructure. The IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. 20 Measure C-SW-2 Food Scrap and Compostable Paper Diversion Continue to promote the collection of food scraps and compostable paper through the City’s organics collection program. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 750 MT CO2e/yr Here, while the IS mentions the existing composting program, it fails to specifically address food scraps or compostable paper (p. 3- 24). The IS also fails to mention the City’s organics collection program. Finally, the IS also fails to address any quantified GHG reductions or potential for future reductions. Measure C-SW-3 Construction & Demolition Waste Diversion Program Continue to enforce diversion requirements in City’s Construction & Demolition Debris Diversion and Green Building Ordinances. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 550 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS states: “[T]he City’s Zero Waste Policy also requires that all private construction projects that come through the City’s permitting process, and all City projects (through contract requirements), to recover and divert at least 65 percent of the construction waste generated by the project. Compliance with applicable statutes and regulations would ensure that the impact would be less than significant, and no mitigation measures would be required” (p. 4-97, 4-98). However, the IS fails to address any quantified GHG reductions. Furthermore, the IS failed to address how the City’s policy would be enforced by the Project. Measure C-G-1 Urban Forest Program Support development and maintenance of a healthy, vibrant urban forest through outreach, incentives, and strategic leadership. 2035 GHG Reduction Potential: 725 MT CO2e/yr Here, the IS states: “The City recognizes that every tree on both public and private property is an important part of Cupertino's urban forest and contributes significant economic, environmental and aesthetic benefits of the community. All 11 existing trees will remain on the project site as part of the proposed project. The existing tree species are not native to California, nor indigenous to the project site” (p. 4-21). However, the IS fails to address any quantified GHG reductions resulting from this measure. Furthermore, simply maintaining the existing trees on the site does not constitute supporting the development and maintenance of a healthy, vibrant urban forest. Finally, there is no mention of the use of outreach, incentives, or strategic leadership to achieve this measure. (3) Incorrect and Unsubstantiated Analysis Demonstrates Significant GHG Impact As discussed above, the IS reports that the Project would result in annual GHG emissions of 1,272 MT CO2e/year (MT CO2e/yr) and concluded that, with the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1, 21 emissions from the Project would not exceed the BAAQMD bright-line threshold of 1,000 MT CO2e/year (p. 4-39). However, this conclusion is incorrect for two reasons. First, the IS’s GHG analysis relies on an incorrect and unsubstantiated air model, as discussed above. This is incorrect, as the model underestimates the Project’s GHG emissions. Second, the IS cannot assume that the implementation of one mitigation measure would reduce the Project’s GHG emissions to a less than significant level without quantifying impacts. Without any sort of quantified analysis of the mitigation measure and its associated reductions, the IS cannot claim a less than significant impact simply based on one mitigation measure. Until the City adequately quantifies the Project’s GHG emissions, including the implementation of Mitigation Measure GHG-1, and demonstrates that the Project’s GHG emissions would not exceed relevant BAAQMD thresholds, there is not substantial evidence that the Project’s GHG impact would be less than significant. (4) Updated Analysis Indicates Significant Impact Applicable thresholds and site-specific modeling demonstrate that the Project may result in a potentially significant GHG impact. The updated CalEEMod output files, modeled by SWAPE with Project-specific information, disclose the Project’s mitigated emissions, which include approximately 1,046 MT CO2e of total construction emissions (sum of emissions from 2020, 2021, and 2022) and approximately 2,248 MT CO2e/year of annual operational emissions (sum of area, energy, mobile, stationary, waste, and water- related emissions from both on-site and off-site operations). When we compare the total Project’s GHG emissions, including construction emissions amortized over 30 years and operational emissions, to the BAAQMD bright-line threshold of 1,100 MT CO2e/year,33 we find that the Project’s GHG emissions exceed the threshold (see table below). SWAPE Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Project Phase Proposed Project (MT CO2e/year) Construction (amortized over 30 years) 34.85 Area 0.01 Energy 974.49 Mobile 1,183.11 Waste 47.71 Water 42.52 Total 2,282.69 Threshold 1,100 Exceed? Yes 33 “California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines.” BAAQMD, May 2017, available at: http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/ceqa/ceqa_guidelines_may2017-pdf.pdf?la=en, p. 2-4. 22 As demonstrated in the table above, the proposed Project would generate a total of approximately 2,283 MT CO2e/year when modeled correctly, which exceeds the BAAQMD’s 1,100 MT CO2e/year threshold. Hence, a Tier 4 analysis is warranted. According to CAPCOA’s CEQA & Climate Change report, service population is defined as “the sum of the number of residents and the number of jobs supported by the project.”34 Review of the IS demonstratres that the Project would result in no new residents and 78 new jobs (p. 1-4). Thus, the Project is estimated to have a service population of 78. When dividing the Project’s GHG emissions by a service population value of 78 people, we find that the Project would emit approximately 29.3 MT CO2e/SP/year.35 This exceeds the BAAQMD 2030 substantial progress threshold of 2.6 MT CO2e/SP/year (see table below). SWAPE Greenhouse Gas Emissions Project Phase Proposed Project (MT CO2e/year) Annual Emissions 2,282.69 Service Population 78 Service Population Efficiency 29.3 Threshold 2.6 Exceed? Yes As the table above demonstrates, when correct input parameters are used to model Project emissions, the Project’s total GHG emissions exceed the “Substantial Progress” efficiency threshold for 2030 of 2.6 MT CO2e/SP/year, thus resulting in a significant impact not previously assessed or identified in the IS. As a result, an updated GHG analysis should be prepared in a Project-specific EIR and additional mitigation should be incorporated into the Project. SWAPE has received limited discovery regarding this project. Additional information may become available in the future; thus, we retain the right to revise or amend this report when additional information becomes available. Our professional services have been performed using that degree of care and skill ordinarily exercised, under similar circumstances, by reputable environmental consultants practicing in this or similar localities at the time of service. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the scope of work, work methodologies and protocols, site conditions, analytical testing results, and findings presented. This report reflects efforts which were limited to information that was reasonably accessible at the time of the work, and may contain informational gaps, inconsistencies, or otherwise be incomplete due to the unavailability or uncertainty of information obtained or provided by third parties. 34 CAPCOA (Jan. 2008) CEQA & Climate Change, p. 71-72, http://www.capcoa.org/wp- content/uploads/2012/03/CAPCOA-White-Paper.pdf. 35 Calculated: (2,283 MT CO2e/year) / (78 service population) = (29.3 MT CO2e/SP/year). 23 Sincerely, Matt Hagemann, P.G., C.Hg. Paul E. Rosenfeld, Ph.D. AERSCREEN16216/AERMOD1919101/16/20 13:43:40 TITLE:DeAnzaConstruction ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ******************************AREAPARAMETERS**************************** ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ SOURCEEMISSIONRATE:0.112EŞ02g/s0.891EŞ02lb/hr AREAEMISSIONRATE:0.215EŞ06g/(sŞm2)0.171EŞ05lb/(hrŞm2) AREAHEIGHT:3.00meters9.84feet AREASOURCELONGSIDE:95.00meters311.68feet AREASOURCESHORTSIDE:55.00meters180.45feet INITIALVERTICALDIMENSION:1.50meters4.92feet RURALORURBAN:URBAN POPULATION:60777 INITIALPROBEDISTANCE=5000.meters16404.feet ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ***********************BUILDINGDOWNWASHPARAMETERS********************** ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ BUILDINGDOWNWASHNOTUSEDFORNONŞPOINTSOURCES ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **************************FLOWSECTORANALYSIS*************************** 25meterreceptorspacing:1.metersŞ5000.meters ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MAXIMUMIMPACTRECEPTOR ZoSURFACE1ŞHRCONCRADIALDISTTEMPORAL SECTORROUGHNESS(ug/m3)(deg)(m)PERIOD ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1*1.0005.1411550.0WIN *=worstcasediagonal ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **********************MAKEMETMETEOROLOGYPARAMETERS********************* ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MIN/MAXTEMPERATURE:250.0/310.0(K) MINIMUMWINDSPEED:0.5m/s ANEMOMETERHEIGHT:10.000meters SURFACECHARACTERISTICSINPUT:AERMETSEASONALTABLES DOMINANTSURFACEPROFILE:Urban DOMINANTCLIMATETYPE:AverageMoisture DOMINANTSEASON:Winter ALBEDO:0.35 BOWENRATIO:1.50 ROUGHNESSLENGTH:1.000(meters) SURFACEFRICTIONVELOCITY(U*)NOTADUSTED METEOROLOGYCONDITIONSUSEDTOPREDICTOVERALLMAXIMUMIMPACT ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ YRMODYJDYHR ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1001101001 H0U*W*DT/DZZICNVZIMCHMŞOLENZ0BOWENALBEDOREFWS ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.50 HTREFTAHT ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 10.0310.02.0 ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ************************AERSCREENAUTOMATEDDISTANCES********************** OVERALLMAXIMUMCONCENTRATIONSBYDISTANCE ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MAXIMUMMAXIMUM DIST1ŞHRCONCDIST1ŞHRCONC (m)(ug/m3)(m)(ug/m3) ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1.003.7272525.000.2584EŞ01 25.004.5682550.000.2549EŞ01 50.005.1412575.000.2516EŞ01 75.003.1112600.000.2483EŞ01 100.002.0862625.000.2450EŞ01 125.001.5462650.000.2419EŞ01 150.001.2092675.000.2388EŞ01 175.000.98122700.000.2358EŞ01 200.000.81872725.000.2328EŞ01 225.000.69762750.000.2299EŞ01 250.000.60502775.000.2271EŞ01 275.000.53122800.000.2243EŞ01 300.000.47192824.990.2216EŞ01 325.000.42332850.000.2189EŞ01 350.000.38272875.000.2163EŞ01 375.000.34842900.000.2138EŞ01 400.000.31912925.000.2113EŞ01 425.000.29392950.000.2088EŞ01 450.000.27172975.000.2064EŞ01 475.000.25243000.000.2041EŞ01 500.000.23533025.000.2018EŞ01 525.000.22023050.000.1995EŞ01 550.000.20673075.000.1973EŞ01 575.000.19463100.000.1951EŞ01 600.000.18363125.000.1930EŞ01 625.000.17373150.000.1909EŞ01 650.000.16463175.000.1889EŞ01 675.000.15633199.990.1868EŞ01 700.000.14873225.000.1849EŞ01 725.000.14173250.000.1829EŞ01 750.000.13533275.000.1810EŞ01 775.000.12943300.000.1791EŞ01 800.000.12393325.000.1773EŞ01 825.000.11883350.000.1755EŞ01 850.000.11413375.000.1737EŞ01 875.000.10973400.000.1720EŞ01 900.000.10553425.000.1703EŞ01 925.000.10173450.000.1686EŞ01 950.000.9806EŞ013475.000.1669EŞ01 975.000.9465EŞ013500.000.1653EŞ01 1000.000.9201EŞ013525.000.1637EŞ01 1025.000.8894EŞ013550.000.1621EŞ01 1050.000.8605EŞ013575.000.1606EŞ01 1075.000.8331EŞ013600.000.1590EŞ01 1100.000.8072EŞ013625.000.1575EŞ01 1125.000.7827EŞ013650.000.1561EŞ01 1150.000.7594EŞ013675.000.1546EŞ01 1175.000.7373EŞ013700.000.1532EŞ01 1200.000.7163EŞ013725.000.1518EŞ01 1225.000.6963EŞ013750.000.1504EŞ01 1250.000.6773EŞ013775.000.1490EŞ01 1275.000.6592EŞ013800.000.1477EŞ01 1300.000.6418EŞ013825.000.1464EŞ01 1325.000.6253EŞ013850.000.1451EŞ01 1350.000.6094EŞ013875.000.1438EŞ01 1375.000.5943EŞ013900.000.1425EŞ01 1400.000.5798EŞ013925.000.1413EŞ01 1425.000.5659EŞ013950.000.1401EŞ01 1450.000.5525EŞ013975.000.1389EŞ01 1475.000.5397EŞ014000.000.1377EŞ01 1500.000.5274EŞ014025.000.1365EŞ01 1525.000.5156EŞ014050.000.1354EŞ01 1550.000.5043EŞ014075.000.1342EŞ01 1574.990.4933EŞ014100.000.1331EŞ01 1600.000.4828EŞ014125.000.1320EŞ01 1625.000.4726EŞ014149.990.1309EŞ01 1650.000.4628EŞ014175.000.1298EŞ01 1675.000.4534EŞ014200.000.1288EŞ01 1700.000.4443EŞ014225.000.1278EŞ01 1725.000.4355EŞ014250.000.1267EŞ01 1750.000.4270EŞ014275.000.1257EŞ01 1775.000.4188EŞ014300.000.1247EŞ01 1800.000.4108EŞ014325.000.1237EŞ01 1824.990.4031EŞ014350.000.1228EŞ01 1850.000.3957EŞ014375.000.1218EŞ01 1875.000.3885EŞ014400.000.1209EŞ01 1900.000.3815EŞ014425.000.1199EŞ01 1924.990.3747EŞ014450.000.1190EŞ01 1950.000.3681EŞ014475.000.1181EŞ01 1975.000.3618EŞ014500.000.1172EŞ01 2000.000.3556EŞ014525.000.1163EŞ01 2025.000.3496EŞ014550.000.1154EŞ01 2050.000.3438EŞ014575.000.1146EŞ01 2075.000.3381EŞ014600.000.1137EŞ01 2100.000.3326EŞ014625.000.1129EŞ01 2125.000.3273EŞ014650.000.1121EŞ01 2150.000.3221EŞ014675.000.1112EŞ01 2175.000.3170EŞ014700.000.1104EŞ01 2200.000.3121EŞ014725.000.1096EŞ01 2224.990.3073EŞ014750.000.1088EŞ01 2250.000.3026EŞ014775.000.1081EŞ01 2275.000.2981EŞ014800.000.1073EŞ01 2300.000.2936EŞ014825.000.1065EŞ01 2325.000.2893EŞ014850.000.1058EŞ01 2350.000.2851EŞ014875.000.1050EŞ01 2375.000.2810EŞ014899.990.1043EŞ01 2399.990.2770EŞ014925.000.1036EŞ01 2425.000.2731EŞ014950.000.1029EŞ01 2449.990.2693EŞ014975.000.1022EŞ01 2475.000.2656EŞ015000.000.1015EŞ01 2500.000.2620EŞ01 ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **********************AERSCREENMAXIMUMIMPACTSUMMARY********************* ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 3Şhour,8Şhour,and24Şhourscaled concentrationsareequaltothe1Şhourconcentrationasreferencedin SCREENINGPROCEDURESFORESTIMATINGTHEAIRQUALITY IMPACTOFSTATIONARYSOURCES,REVISED(Section4.5.4) ReportnumberEPAŞ454/RŞ92Ş019 http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance_permit.htm underScreeningGuidance MAXIMUMSCALEDSCALEDSCALEDSCALED 1ŞHOUR3ŞHOUR8ŞHOUR24ŞHOURANNUAL CALCULATIONCONCCONCCONCCONCCONC PROCEDURE(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3) ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ FLATTERRAIN5.1415.1415.1415.141N/A DISTANCEFROMSOURCE50.00meters IMPACTATTHE AMBIENTBOUNDARY3.7273.7273.7273.727N/A DISTANCEFROMSOURCE1.00meters ConcentrationDistanceElevationDiagSeason/MonthZosectorDate H0U*W*DT/DZZICNVZIMCHMŞOLENZ0BOWENALBEDOREFWSHT REFTAHT 0.37267E+011.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.45676E+0125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 *0.51414E+0150.000.0015.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.31110E+0175.000.0025.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.20861E+01100.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15458E+01125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12090E+01150.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.98121E+00175.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.81873E+00200.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.69761E+00225.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.60502E+00250.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.53118E+00275.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.47191E+00300.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.42332E+00325.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.38268E+00350.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.34844E+00375.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.31912E+00400.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.29388E+00425.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.27173E+00450.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.25239E+00475.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.23531E+00500.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.22017E+00525.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.20667E+00550.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.19456E+00575.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.18359E+00600.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.17366E+00625.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.16458E+00650.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15629E+00675.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14871E+00700.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14175E+00725.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13535E+00750.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12942E+00775.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12393E+00800.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11883E+00825.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11409E+00850.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10967E+00875.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 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0.15903EŞ013600.000.0015.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15753EŞ013625.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15606EŞ013650.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15461EŞ013675.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15318EŞ013700.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15177EŞ013725.000.0015.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15039EŞ013750.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14903EŞ013775.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14769EŞ013800.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14637EŞ013825.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14507EŞ013850.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14379EŞ013875.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14253EŞ013900.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14129EŞ013925.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14007EŞ013950.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13887EŞ013975.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13768EŞ014000.000.0015.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13651EŞ014025.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13536EŞ014050.000.0030.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13423EŞ014075.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13311EŞ014100.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13201EŞ014125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13092EŞ014149.990.0020.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12985EŞ014175.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12879EŞ014200.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12775EŞ014225.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12672EŞ014250.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12571EŞ014275.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12471EŞ014300.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12373EŞ014325.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12276EŞ014350.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12180EŞ014375.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12085EŞ014400.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11992EŞ014425.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11900EŞ014450.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11809EŞ014475.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11719EŞ014500.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11631EŞ014525.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11544EŞ014550.000.0035.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11457EŞ014575.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11372EŞ014600.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11288EŞ014625.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11205EŞ014650.000.0025.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11123EŞ014675.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11043EŞ014700.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10963EŞ014725.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10884EŞ014750.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10806EŞ014775.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10729EŞ014800.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10653EŞ014825.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10578EŞ014850.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10504EŞ014875.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10431EŞ014899.990.0035.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10359EŞ014925.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10287EŞ014950.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10216EŞ014975.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10147EŞ015000.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 AERSCREEN16216/AERMOD1919101/16/20 13:45:29 TITLE:DeAnzaOperation ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ******************************AREAPARAMETERS**************************** ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ SOURCEEMISSIONRATE:0.116EŞ02g/s0.922EŞ02lb/hr AREAEMISSIONRATE:0.222EŞ06g/(sŞm2)0.177EŞ05lb/(hrŞm2) AREAHEIGHT:3.00meters9.84feet AREASOURCELONGSIDE:95.00meters311.68feet AREASOURCESHORTSIDE:55.00meters180.45feet INITIALVERTICALDIMENSION:1.50meters4.92feet RURALORURBAN:URBAN POPULATION:60777 INITIALPROBEDISTANCE=5000.meters16404.feet ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ***********************BUILDINGDOWNWASHPARAMETERS********************** ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ BUILDINGDOWNWASHNOTUSEDFORNONŞPOINTSOURCES ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **************************FLOWSECTORANALYSIS*************************** 25meterreceptorspacing:1.metersŞ5000.meters ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MAXIMUMIMPACTRECEPTOR ZoSURFACE1ŞHRCONCRADIALDISTTEMPORAL SECTORROUGHNESS(ug/m3)(deg)(m)PERIOD ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1*1.0005.3211550.0WIN *=worstcasediagonal ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **********************MAKEMETMETEOROLOGYPARAMETERS********************* ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MIN/MAXTEMPERATURE:250.0/310.0(K) MINIMUMWINDSPEED:0.5m/s ANEMOMETERHEIGHT:10.000meters SURFACECHARACTERISTICSINPUT:AERMETSEASONALTABLES DOMINANTSURFACEPROFILE:Urban DOMINANTCLIMATETYPE:AverageMoisture DOMINANTSEASON:Winter ALBEDO:0.35 BOWENRATIO:1.50 ROUGHNESSLENGTH:1.000(meters) SURFACEFRICTIONVELOCITY(U*)NOTADUSTED METEOROLOGYCONDITIONSUSEDTOPREDICTOVERALLMAXIMUMIMPACT ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ YRMODYJDYHR ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1001101001 H0U*W*DT/DZZICNVZIMCHMŞOLENZ0BOWENALBEDOREFWS ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.50 HTREFTAHT ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 10.0310.02.0 ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ ************************AERSCREENAUTOMATEDDISTANCES********************** OVERALLMAXIMUMCONCENTRATIONSBYDISTANCE ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ MAXIMUMMAXIMUM DIST1ŞHRCONCDIST1ŞHRCONC (m)(ug/m3)(m)(ug/m3) ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 1.003.8572525.000.2674EŞ01 25.004.7272550.000.2638EŞ01 50.005.3212575.000.2603EŞ01 75.003.2202600.000.2569EŞ01 100.002.1592625.000.2536EŞ01 125.001.6002650.000.2503EŞ01 150.001.2512675.000.2471EŞ01 175.001.0152700.000.2440EŞ01 200.000.84732725.000.2409EŞ01 225.000.72202750.000.2379EŞ01 250.000.62612775.000.2350EŞ01 275.000.54972800.000.2321EŞ01 300.000.48842825.000.2293EŞ01 325.000.43812850.000.2266EŞ01 350.000.39602875.000.2239EŞ01 375.000.36062900.000.2213EŞ01 400.000.33032925.000.2187EŞ01 425.000.30412950.000.2161EŞ01 450.000.28122975.000.2137EŞ01 475.000.26123000.000.2112EŞ01 500.000.24353025.000.2088EŞ01 525.000.22793050.000.2065EŞ01 550.000.21393075.000.2042EŞ01 575.000.20133100.000.2019EŞ01 600.000.19003125.000.1997EŞ01 625.000.17973150.000.1976EŞ01 650.000.17033175.000.1954EŞ01 675.000.16173200.000.1934EŞ01 700.000.15393225.000.1913EŞ01 725.000.14673250.000.1893EŞ01 750.000.14013275.000.1873EŞ01 775.000.13393300.000.1854EŞ01 800.000.12833325.000.1835EŞ01 825.000.12303350.000.1816EŞ01 850.000.11813375.000.1798EŞ01 875.000.11353400.000.1780EŞ01 900.000.10923425.000.1762EŞ01 925.000.10523450.000.1744EŞ01 950.000.10153475.000.1727EŞ01 975.000.9796EŞ013500.000.1710EŞ01 1000.000.9522EŞ013525.000.1694EŞ01 1025.000.9205EŞ013550.000.1678EŞ01 1050.000.8905EŞ013575.000.1662EŞ01 1075.000.8622EŞ013600.000.1646EŞ01 1100.000.8354EŞ013625.000.1630EŞ01 1125.000.8100EŞ013650.000.1615EŞ01 1150.000.7859EŞ013675.000.1600EŞ01 1175.000.7631EŞ013700.000.1585EŞ01 1200.000.7413EŞ013724.990.1571EŞ01 1225.000.7207EŞ013750.000.1556EŞ01 1250.000.7009EŞ013775.000.1542EŞ01 1275.000.6822EŞ013800.000.1528EŞ01 1300.000.6642EŞ013825.000.1515EŞ01 1325.000.6471EŞ013850.000.1501EŞ01 1350.000.6307EŞ013875.000.1488EŞ01 1375.000.6150EŞ013900.000.1475EŞ01 1400.000.6000EŞ013925.000.1462EŞ01 1425.000.5856EŞ013950.000.1450EŞ01 1450.000.5718EŞ013975.000.1437EŞ01 1475.000.5586EŞ014000.000.1425EŞ01 1500.000.5459EŞ014025.000.1413EŞ01 1525.000.5336EŞ014050.000.1401EŞ01 1550.000.5219EŞ014075.000.1389EŞ01 1574.990.5105EŞ014100.000.1378EŞ01 1600.000.4996EŞ014125.000.1366EŞ01 1625.000.4891EŞ014150.000.1355EŞ01 1650.000.4790EŞ014175.000.1344EŞ01 1675.000.4692EŞ014200.000.1333EŞ01 1700.000.4598EŞ014225.000.1322EŞ01 1725.000.4507EŞ014250.000.1311EŞ01 1750.000.4419EŞ014275.000.1301EŞ01 1775.000.4334EŞ014300.000.1291EŞ01 1800.000.4251EŞ014325.000.1280EŞ01 1824.990.4172EŞ014350.000.1270EŞ01 1850.000.4095EŞ014375.000.1260EŞ01 1875.000.4020EŞ014400.000.1251EŞ01 1899.990.3948EŞ014425.000.1241EŞ01 1924.990.3878EŞ014450.000.1232EŞ01 1950.000.3810EŞ014475.000.1222EŞ01 1975.000.3744EŞ014500.000.1213EŞ01 2000.000.3680EŞ014525.000.1204EŞ01 2025.000.3618EŞ014550.000.1195EŞ01 2050.000.3558EŞ014575.000.1186EŞ01 2075.000.3499EŞ014600.000.1177EŞ01 2100.000.3442EŞ014625.000.1168EŞ01 2125.000.3387EŞ014650.000.1160EŞ01 2150.000.3333EŞ014675.000.1151EŞ01 2175.000.3281EŞ014700.000.1143EŞ01 2200.000.3230EŞ014725.000.1135EŞ01 2224.990.3180EŞ014750.000.1126EŞ01 2250.000.3132EŞ014775.000.1118EŞ01 2275.000.3085EŞ014800.000.1110EŞ01 2300.000.3039EŞ014825.000.1103EŞ01 2325.000.2994EŞ014850.000.1095EŞ01 2350.000.2951EŞ014875.000.1087EŞ01 2375.000.2908EŞ014900.000.1079EŞ01 2399.990.2867EŞ014925.000.1072EŞ01 2425.000.2826EŞ014950.000.1065EŞ01 2449.990.2787EŞ014975.000.1057EŞ01 2475.000.2749EŞ015000.000.1050EŞ01 2500.000.2711EŞ01 ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ **********************AERSCREENMAXIMUMIMPACTSUMMARY********************* ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ 3Şhour,8Şhour,and24Şhourscaled concentrationsareequaltothe1Şhourconcentrationasreferencedin SCREENINGPROCEDURESFORESTIMATINGTHEAIRQUALITY IMPACTOFSTATIONARYSOURCES,REVISED(Section4.5.4) ReportnumberEPAŞ454/RŞ92Ş019 http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance_permit.htm underScreeningGuidance MAXIMUMSCALEDSCALEDSCALEDSCALED 1ŞHOUR3ŞHOUR8ŞHOUR24ŞHOURANNUAL CALCULATIONCONCCONCCONCCONCCONC PROCEDURE(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3)(ug/m3) ŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞŞ FLATTERRAIN5.3215.3215.3215.321N/A DISTANCEFROMSOURCE50.00meters IMPACTATTHE AMBIENTBOUNDARY3.8573.8573.8573.857N/A DISTANCEFROMSOURCE1.00meters ConcentrationDistanceElevationDiagSeason/MonthZosectorDate H0U*W*DT/DZZICNVZIMCHMŞOLENZ0BOWENALBEDOREFWSHT REFTAHT 0.38567E+011.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.47270E+0125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 *0.53208E+0150.000.0015.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.32196E+0175.000.0025.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.21589E+01100.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15998E+01125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12512E+01150.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10155E+01175.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.84730E+00200.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.72196E+00225.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.62614E+00250.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.54972E+00275.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.48838E+00300.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.43810E+00325.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.39604E+00350.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.36061E+00375.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.33026E+00400.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.30414E+00425.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.28122E+00450.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.26120E+00475.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.24352E+00500.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.22785E+00525.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.21389E+00550.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.20135E+00575.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.19000E+00600.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.17972E+00625.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.17032E+00650.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.16174E+00675.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.15390E+00700.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14669E+00725.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.14007E+00750.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.13394E+00775.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12825E+00800.000.0010.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.12297E+00825.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11807E+00850.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.11350E+00875.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10923E+00900.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10522E+00925.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10148E+00950.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.97957EŞ01975.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.95220EŞ011000.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.92045EŞ011025.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.89049EŞ011050.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.86217EŞ011075.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.83538EŞ011100.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.81000EŞ011125.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.78593EŞ011150.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.76307EŞ011175.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.74134EŞ011200.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.72065EŞ011225.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.70095EŞ011250.000.005.0Winter0Ş36010011001 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Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10871EŞ014875.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10795EŞ014900.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10720EŞ014925.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10646EŞ014950.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10573EŞ014975.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 0.10501EŞ015000.000.000.0Winter0Ş36010011001 Ş1.300.043Ş9.0000.020Ş999.21.6.01.0001.500.350.5010.0 310.02.0 1640 5th St.., Suite 204 Santa Santa Monica, California 90401 Tel: (949) 887-9013 Email: mhagemann@swape.com Matthew F. Hagemann, P.G., C.Hg., QSD, QSP Geologic and Hydrogeologic Characterization Industrial Stormwater Compliance Investigation and Remediation Strategies Litigation Support and Testifying Expert CEQA Review Education: M.S. Degree, Geology, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 1984. B.A. Degree, Geology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, 1982. Professional Certifications: California Professional Geologist California Certified Hydrogeologist Qualified SWPPP Developer and Practitioner Professional Experience: Matt has 25 years of experience in environmental policy, assessment and remediation. He spent nine years with the U.S. EPA in the RCRA and Superfund programs and served as EPA’s Senior Science Policy Advisor in the Western Regional Office where he identified emerging threats to groundwater from perchlorate and MTBE. While with EPA, Matt also served as a Senior Hydrogeologist in the oversight of the assessment of seven major military facilities undergoing base closure. He led numerous enforcement actions under provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) while also working with permit holders to improve hydrogeologic characterization and water quality monitoring. Matt has worked closely with U.S. EPA legal counsel and the technical staff of several states in the application and enforcement of RCRA, Safe Drinking Water Act and Clean Water Act regulations. Matt has trained the technical staff in the States of California, Hawaii, Nevada, Arizona and the Territory of Guam in the conduct of investigations, groundwater fundamentals, and sampling techniques. Positions Matt has held include: x Founding Partner, Soil/Water/Air Protection Enterprise (SWAPE) (2003 – present); x Geology Instructor, Golden West College, 2010 – 2Ŗŗ4; x Senior Environmental Analyst, Komex H2O Science, Inc. (2000 -- 2003); x Executive Director, Orange Coast Watch (2001 – 2004); x Senior Science Policy Advisor and Hydrogeologist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989– 1998); x Hydrogeologist, National Park Service, Water Resources Division (1998 – 2000); x Adjunct Faculty Member, San Francisco State University, Department of Geosciences (1993 – 1998); x Instructor, College of Marin, Department of Science (1990 – 1995); x Geologist, U.S. Forest Service (1986 – 1998); and x Geologist, Dames & Moore (1984 – 1986). Senior Regulatory and Litigation Support Analyst: With SWAPE, Matt’s responsibilities have included: x Lead analyst and testifying expert in the review of over 100 environmental impact reports since 2003 under CEQA that identify significant issues with regard to hazardous waste, water resources, water quality, air quality, Valley Fever, greenhouse gas emissions, and geologic hazards. Make recommendations for additional mitigation measures to lead agencies at the local and county level to include additional characterization of health risks and implementation of protective measures to reduce worker exposure to hazards from toxins and Valley Fever. x Stormwater analysis, sampling and best management practice evaluation at industrial facilities. x Manager of a project to provide technical assistance to a community adjacent to a former Naval shipyard under a grant from the U.S. EPA. x Technical assistance and litigation support for vapor intrusion concerns. x Lead analyst and testifying expert in the review of environmental issues in license applications for large solar power plants before the California Energy Commission. x Manager of a project to evaluate numerous formerly used military sites in the western U.S. x Manager of a comprehensive evaluation of potential sources of perchlorate contamination in Southern California drinking water wells. x Manager and designated expert for litigation support under provisions of Proposition 65 in the review of releases of gasoline to sources drinking water at major refineries and hundreds of gas stations throughout California. x Expert witness on two cases involving MTBE litigation. x Expert witness and litigation support on the impact of air toxins and hazards at a school. x Expert witness in litigation at a former plywood plant. With Komex H2O Science Inc., Matt’s duties included the following: x Senior author of a report on the extent of perchlorate contamination that was used in testimony by the former U.S. EPA Administrator and General Counsel. x Senior researcher in the development of a comprehensive, electronically interactive chronology of MTBE use, research, and regulation. x Senior researcher in the development of a comprehensive, electronically interactive chronology of perchlorate use, research, and regulation. x Senior researcher in a study that estimates nationwide costs for MTBE remediation and drinking water treatment, results of which were published in newspapers nationwide and in testimony against provisions of an energy bill that would limit liability for oil companies. x Research to support litigation to restore drinking water supplies that have been contaminated by MTBE in California and New York. 2 x Expert witness testimony in a case of oil production-related contamination in Mississippi. x Lead author for a multi-volume remedial investigation report for an operating school in Los Angeles that met strict regulatory requirements and rigorous deadlines. 3 x Development of strategic approaches for cleanup of contaminated sites in consultation with clients and regulators. Executive Director: As Executive Director with Orange Coast Watch, Matt led efforts to restore water quality at Orange County beaches from multiple sources of contamination including urban runoff and the discharge of wastewater. In reporting to a Board of Directors that included representatives from leading Orange County universities and businesses, Matt prepared issue papers in the areas of treatment and disinfection of wastewater and control of the discharge of grease to sewer systems. Matt actively participated in the development of countywide water quality permits for the control of urban runoff and permits for the discharge of wastewater. Matt worked with other nonprofits to protect and restore water quality, including Surfrider, Natural Resources Defense Council and Orange County CoastKeeper as well as with business institutions including the Orange County Business Council. Hydrogeology: As a Senior Hydrogeologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Matt led investigations to characterize and cleanup closing military bases, including Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, Treasure Island Naval Station, Alameda Naval Station, Moffett Field, Mather Army Airfield, and Sacramento Army Depot. Specific activities were as follows: x Led efforts to model groundwater flow and contaminant transport, ensured adequacy of monitoring networks, and assessed cleanup alternatives for contaminated sediment, soil, and groundwater. x Initiated a regional program for evaluation of groundwater sampling practices and laboratory analysis at military bases. x Identified emerging issues, wrote technical guidance, and assisted in policy and regulation development through work on four national U.S. EPA workgroups, including the Superfund Groundwater Technical Forum and the Federal Facilities Forum. At the request of the State of Hawaii, Matt developed a methodology to determine the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination on the islands of Maui and Oahu. He used analytical models and a GIS to show zones of vulnerability, and the results were adopted and published by the State of Hawaii and County of Maui. As a hydrogeologist with the EPA Groundwater Protection Section, Matt worked with provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act and NEPA to prevent drinking water contamination. Specific activities included the following: x Received an EPA Bronze Medal for his contribution to the development of national guidance for the protection of drinking water. x Managed the Sole Source Aquifer Program and protected the drinking water of two communities through designation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. He prepared geologic reports, conducted public hearings, and responded to public comments from residents who were very concerned about the impact of designation. 4 x Reviewed a number of Environmental Impact Statements for planned major developments, including large hazardous and solid waste disposal facilities, mine reclamation, and water transfer. Matt served as a hydrogeologist with the RCRA Hazardous Waste program. Duties were as follows: x Supervised the hydrogeologic investigation of hazardous waste sites to determine compliance with Subtitle C requirements. x Reviewed and wrote "part B" permits for the disposal of hazardous waste. x Conducted RCRA Corrective Action investigations of waste sites and led inspections that formed the basis for significant enforcement actions that were developed in close coordination with U.S. EPA legal counsel. x Wrote contract specifications and supervised contractor’s investigations of waste sites. With the National Park Service, Matt directed service-wide investigations of contaminant sources to prevent degradation of water quality, including the following tasks: x Applied pertinent laws and regulations including CERCLA, RCRA, NEPA, NRDA, and the Clean Water Act to control military, mining, and landfill contaminants. x Conducted watershed-scale investigations of contaminants at parks, including Yellowstone and Olympic National Park. x Identified high-levels of perchlorate in soil adjacent to a national park in New Mexico and advised park superintendent on appropriate response actions under CERCLA. x Served as a Park Service representative on the Interagency Perchlorate Steering Committee, a national workgroup. x Developed a program to conduct environmental compliance audits of all National Parks while serving on a national workgroup. x Co-authored two papers on the potential for water contamination from the operation of personal watercraft and snowmobiles, these papers serving as the basis for the development of nation- wide policy on the use of these vehicles in National Parks. x Contributed to the Federal Multi-Agency Source Water Agreement under the Clean Water Action Plan. Policy: Served senior management as the Senior Science Policy Advisor with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9. Activities included the following: x Advised the Regional Administrator and senior management on emerging issues such as the potential for the gasoline additive MTBE and ammonium perchlorate to contaminate drinking water supplies. x Shaped EPA’s national response to these threats by serving on workgroups and by contributing to guidance, including the Office of Research and Development publication, Oxygenates in Water: Critical Information and Research Needs. x Improved the technical training of EPA's scientific and engineering staff. x Earned an EPA Bronze Medal for representing the region’s 300 scientists and engineers in negotiations with the Administrator and senior management to better integrate scientific principles into the policy-making process. x Established national protocol for the peer review of scientific documents. 5 Geology: With the U.S. Forest Service, Matt led investigations to determine hillslope stability of areas proposed for timber harvest in the central Oregon Coast Range. Specific activities were as follows: x Mapped geology in the field, and used aerial photographic interpretation and mathematical models to determine slope stability. x Coordinated his research with community members who were concerned with natural resource protection. x Characterized the geology of an aquifer that serves as the sole source of drinking water for the city of Medford, Oregon. As a consultant with Dames and Moore, Matt led geologic investigations of two contaminated sites (later listed on the Superfund NPL) in the Portland, Oregon, area and a large hazardous waste site in eastern Oregon. Duties included the following: x Supervised year-long effort for soil and groundwater sampling. x Conducted aquifer tests. x Investigated active faults beneath sites proposed for hazardous waste disposal. Teaching: From 1990 to 1998, Matt taught at least one course per semester at the community college and university levels: x At San Francisco State University, held an adjunct faculty position and taught courses in environmental geology, oceanography (lab and lecture), hydrogeology, and groundwater contamination. x Served as a committee member for graduate and undergraduate students. x Taught courses in environmental geology and oceanography at the College of Marin. Matt taught physical geology (lecture and lab and introductory geology at Golden West College in Huntington Beach, California from 2010 to 2014. Invited Testimony, Reports, Papers and Presentations: Hagemann, M.F., 2008. Disclosure of Hazardous Waste Issues under CEQA. Presentation to the Public Environmental Law Conference, Eugene, Oregon. Hagemann, M.F., 2008. Disclosure of Hazardous Waste Issues under CEQA. Invited presentation to U.S. EPA Region 9, San Francisco, California. Hagemann, M.F., 2005. Use of Electronic Databases in Environmental Regulation, Policy Making and Public Participation. Brownfields 2005, Denver, Coloradao. Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water in Nevada and the Southwestern U.S. Presentation to a meeting of the American Groundwater Trust, Las Vegas, NV (served on conference organizing committee). Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Invited testimony to a California Senate committee hearing on air toxins at schools in Southern California, Los Angeles. 6 Brown, A., Farrow, J., Gray, A. and Hagemann, M., 2004. An Estimate of Costs to Address MTBE Releases from Underground Storage Tanks and the Resulting Impact to Drinking Water Wells. Presentation to the Ground Water and Environmental Law Conference, National Groundwater Association. Hagemann, M.F., 2004. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water in Arizona and the Southwestern U.S. Presentation to a meeting of the American Groundwater Trust, Phoenix, AZ (served on conference organizing committee). Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River and Impacts to Drinking Water in the Southwestern U.S. Invited presentation to a special committee meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Irvine, CA. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River. Invited presentation to a tribal EPA meeting, Pechanga, CA. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate Contamination of the Colorado River. Invited presentation to a meeting of tribal repesentatives, Parker, AZ. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Impact of Perchlorate on the Colorado River and Associated Drinking Water Supplies. Invited presentation to the Inter-Tribal Meeting, Torres Martinez Tribe. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. The Emergence of Perchlorate as a Widespread Drinking Water Contaminant. Invited presentation to the U.S. EPA Region 9. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. A Deductive Approach to the Assessment of Perchlorate Contamination. Invited presentation to the California Assembly Natural Resources Committee. Hagemann, M.F., 2003. Perchlorate: A Cold War Legacy in Drinking Water. Presentation to a meeting of the National Groundwater Association. Hagemann, M.F., 2002. From Tank to Tap: A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater. Presentation to a meeting of the National Groundwater Association. Hagemann, M.F., 2002. A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater and an Estimate of Costs to Address Impacts to Groundwater. Presentation to the annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Journalists. Hagemann, M.F., 2002. An Estimate of the Cost to Address MTBE Contamination in Groundwater (and Who Will Pay). Presentation to a meeting of the National Groundwater Association. Hagemann, M.F., 2002. An Estimate of Costs to Address MTBE Releases from Underground Storage Tanks and the Resulting Impact to Drinking Water Wells. Presentation to a meeting of the U.S. EPA and State Underground Storage Tank Program managers. Hagemann, M.F., 2001. From Tank to Tap: A Chronology of MTBE in Groundwater. Unpublished report. 7 Hagemann, M.F., 2001. Estimated Cleanup Cost for MTBE in Groundwater Used as Drinking Water. Unpublished report. Hagemann, M.F., 2001. Estimated Costs to Address MTBE Releases from Leaking Underground Storage Tanks. Unpublished report. Hagemann, M.F., and VanMouwerik, M., 1999. Potential W a t e r Quality Concerns Related to Snowmobile Usage. Water Resources Division, National Park Service, Technical Report. VanMouwerik, M. and Hagemann, M.F. 1999, Water Quality Concerns Related to Personal Watercraft Usage. Water Resources Division, National Park Service, Technical Report. Hagemann, M.F., 1999, Is Dilution the Solution to Pollution in National Parks? The George Wright Society Biannual Meeting, Asheville, North Carolina. Hagemann, M.F., 1997, The Potential for MTBE to Contaminate Groundwater. U.S. EPA Superfund Groundwater Technical Forum Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. Hagemann, M.F., and Gill, M., 1996, Impediments to Intrinsic Remediation, Moffett Field Naval Air Station, Conference on Intrinsic Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Salt Lake City. Hagemann, M.F., Fukunaga, G.L., 1996, The Vulnerability of Groundwater to Anthropogenic Contaminants on the Island of Maui, Hawaii. Hawaii Water Works Association Annual Meeting, Maui, October 1996. Hagemann, M. F., Fukanaga, G. L., 1996, Ranking Groundwater Vulnerability in Central Oahu, Hawaii. Proceedings, Geographic Information Systems in Environmental Resources Management, Air and Waste Management Association Publication VIP-61. Hagemann, M.F., 1994. Groundwater Characterization and Cleanup at Closing Military Bases in California. Proceedings, California Groundwater Resources Association Meeting. Hagemann, M.F. and Sabol, M.A., 1993. Role of the U.S. EPA in the High Plains States Groundwater Recharge Demonstration Program. Proceedings, Sixth Biennial Symposium on the Artificial Recharge of Groundwater. Hagemann, M.F., 1993. U.S. EPA Policy on the Technical Impracticability of the Cleanup of DNAPL- contaminated Groundwater. California Groundwater Resources Association Meeting. 8 Hagemann, M.F., 1992. Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Contamination of Groundwater: An Ounce of Prevention... Proceedings, Association of Engineering Geologists Annual Meeting, v. 35. 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([KLELW& 15 January 2020 Michael Lozeau, Esq. Lozeau Drury LLP 1939 Harrison Street, Suite 150 Oakland, CA 94612 Subject: The De Anza Hotel Project Public Review Draft Initial Study Review and Comment on Noise Analysis Dear Mr. Lozeau, Per your request, Wilson Ihrig has reviewed The De Anza Hotel Project Public Review Draft Initial Study (“DIS”, July 2, 2019). In this letter, we offer comments on the noise analysis and proposed mitigation measures. CComments on Construction Noise Analysis The pertinent Cupertino Municipal Code for the control of construction noise is § 10.48.053 – Grading, Construction and Demolition. The DIS summarizes the quantitative requirements of this code as: “. . . construction activities [may] not exceed 80 dBA at the nearest affected property or individual equipment items do not exceed 87 dBA at 25 feet. Only one of these two criteria must be met.” [DIS at p 4-59] Of the two options, the DIS utilizes the first one and presents estimates of construction noise at the two nearest property lines shared with noise-sensitive receptors (an apartment complex and a hotel). However, the DIS treats the 80 dBA limit as a limit for the average noise level (technically denoted “Leq”). There is no indication in § 10.48.053 that that is the intent of the code. Rather, given that people are more likely to complain about short-duration, high noise levels than the long-term average noise level and that most noise ordinances specify maximum allowable noise levels, it is more likely that the 80 dBA limit is intended to be a maximum for noise levels from the construction activities.1 To that point, § 10.48.053 specifically exempts construction noise from § 10.48.040 which 1 The “maximum” noise level is typically the highest reading from a sound level meter using the “slow” meter response. The De Anza Hotel Project Review and Comment on Noise Analysis 2 specifies the maximum allowable noise levels from non-construction activities at residential and non- residential properties. The DIS utilizes the Federal Highway Administration Roadway Construction Noise Model, and data output from the model are provided in Appendix C of the DIS. In particular, these sheets show the maximum (Lmax) noise levels for the various construction phases at a distance of 200 ft. However, the construction equipment will be closer than this to the Cupertino Hotel property line.2 Using the attenuation with distance factor used by the DIS and the closest approach point to the Cupertino Hotel property line, the maximum noise levels on the Cupertino Hotel property may be easily calculated.3 These are shown in Table I. Also shown is the distance the loudest piece of equipment in each phase will need to be from the property to produce a maximum noise level of 80 dBA. For the demolition and grading phases, the distance is nearly half the width of the project site indicating that the 80 dBA limit will be exceeded half of the time during these phases. TABLE I Maximum Construction Noise Levels Construction Phase Lmax Distance to 80 dBA Lmax Demolition 93 dBA 150 ft Site Preparation 88 dBA 89 ft Grading 93 dBA 150 ft Building Construction 87 dBA 80 ft Paving 87 dBA 80 ft In conclusion on this point, we believe the DIS misinterprets the intent of the construction noise limits provided in § 10.48.053 of the Cupertino Municipal Code. If the limits are interpreted as we believe they should be – as maximum, not average, noise levels – then construction noise levels during the five stages shown in Table I would create a significant noise impact at the Cupertino Hotel. 2 The DIS uses the center of the project site for the purpose of calculating the average noise level. This is reasonable because the equipment will, in the long-term, move all around the site and will, on average, be in the center. This is not appropriate for determining the maximum sound level, however, because this will clearly occur when the equipment is at its closest approach point. Note that the maximum noise level is determined by the single loudest piece of equipment in each phase, not a summation of the noise levels from all equipment as is appropriate and as was done for the average noise level calculations. 3 The attenuation rate is 6 dB per doubling of distance [DIS at p 4-59], and the closest distance is 34 feet (across driveway) [DIS at p 3-1]. The De Anza Hotel Project Review and Comment on Noise Analysis 3 CComments on Mitigation Measure NOISE-2 Mitigation Measure NOISE-2 pertains to the operational noise from mechanical equipment once the project is put into service. The DIS notes that the emergency generator will have to be run for routine testing up to 50 hours per year. [DIS at p 4-62] The DIS goes on to provide noise estimates both with and without sound attenuation at the nearest receptors to the west (commercial) and to the east (apartment buildings).4 In both instances, the DIS concludes that the noise levels at both the commercial buildings and the apartment buildings could exceed the applicable criterion, and states, “Therefore, this impact would be potentially significant.” [DIS at p4-63] The DIS then goes on to say, “With implementation of Mitigation Measure NOISE-2, project-related operational noise impacts would be less than significant.” [DIS at p 4-63; no emphasis added]. A review of Mitigation Measure NOISE-2 indicates that it does not, in fact, provide a substantive analysis that feasible mitigation is possible. Rather, it simply states that, in the future, a qualified acoustician will “determine specific noise reduction measures necessary to reduce noise to comply with the City’s noise level requirements.” [DIS at p 4-63] In other words, the mitigation measure is simply to assert that the equipment will be selected and designed to meet the adopted threshold of significance rather than provide a substantive description and analysis of what would need to be done to accomplish this. To add an element of reality to this point, Wilson Ihrig was recently asked to review a situation in which an EIR asserted that an emergency generator would be selected and designed to meet that projects threshold of significance, exactly as is being done here. However, when the project developers set out to meet this requirement, they found that, due to the proximity of the generator to noise-sensitive receptors, the mitigation measures could cost up to $200,000, an amount they were not prepared to spend. As noted previously, the De Anza DIS estimates noise levels from the generator including “a Level II sound enclosure” and still finds that the noise levels exceeded the adopted criteria. [DIS at p 4-63]. If anything, this provides more impetus for additional analysis to demonstrate that feasible mitigation is possible or to determine that the impact is significant. Comments on Traffic Noise Analysis The traffic noise analysis utilizes a relative, “audible” threshold of significance, stating, “Only ‘audible’ changes in noise levels at sensitive receptor locations (i.e., 3 dB or more) are considered potentially significant.” [DIS at p 4-58] The fundamental problem with using a relative threshold of significance, e.g., a change of 3 dBA or greater, is that, over time, there will effectively be no limit. If the noise level today is 65.0 dBA and an increase to 67.9 dBA is found to be a less than significant impact, then the next project will take 4 As an aside, the emergency generator noise does not seem to have been assessed at the Cupertino Hotel. The De Anza Hotel Project Review and Comment on Noise Analysis 4 67.9 dBA as the baseline, and an increase to 70.8 dBA will be found to be a less than significant impact. The total increase would be 5.8 dBA, which would be deemed a significant impact if brought about by either project individually, but would not be in the two-project scenario because the baseline for the second project will be the noise level resulting from the first project. At each step, the noise level increase would be characterized as “inaudible”, although the net increase would be characterized as “audible”. While it is appropriate to use relative impact criteria, in order to keep noise levels from increasing continually without limit over time, absolute criteria should be utilized, as well. For this project, an appropriate source for absolute criteria is the Cupertino General Plan – Community Vision 2015 – 2040. Chapter 7, Health and Safety Element, contains Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Environments, cast in terms of either the Day-Night Equivalent Level (Ldn) or the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL), both 24-hour weighted average noise levels. [General Plan, Figure HS-8]. For various types of land uses, Figure HS-8 indicates if a particular noise exposure is “normally acceptable”, “conditionally acceptable”, “normally unacceptable”, or “clearly unacceptable”. A very reasonable, absolute threshold of significance would be if the noise level changed from on classification to another, regardless of the amount of the increase. For example, Residential – Multi- Family land use is normally acceptable up to CNEL 65 and conditionally acceptable up to CNEL 70. If the existing noise environment at, for example, the Aviare apartment complex is CNEL 69, and the project causes it to increase to CNEL 71 – thereby transforming the area from one that is conditionally acceptable for the use to one that is normally unacceptable – that should be determined to be a significant noise impact even though the increase is only 2 dBA and characterized as “inaudible”. Finally on this point, the above analysis would necessarily be based on measurements of the existing noise environment around the project site, something the DIS did not do. As such, even though the DIS states that the traffic noise increase due to the project will be up to 2.0 dBA, it is not possible to ascertain whether or not that increase will cause any of the noise-sensitive receptors to transition from one land use classification to another, lower quality one. * * * * * Please contact us if you have any questions about our comments on the De Anza Hotel Project Draft Initial Study noise analysis. Very truly yours, WILSON IHRIG Derek L. Watry Principal 2020-01-15 deanza-hotel ismnd noise rvw wilson-ihrig.docx Wilson Ihrig – Derek Watry Resume – Page 1 DEREK WATRY Principal Mr. Watry is experienced in all aspects of environmental noise issues, having conducted extensive field measurements, prepared EIR/EIS sections, helped resolve complex community noise issue, established acceptability criteria, and studied meteorological effects on sound transmission. He is well versed in the requirements of CEQA and NEPA. His experience includes responding to community noise complaints that can be miles from transit noise, construction noise, and low- frequency music noise. He has made numerous presentations at public meetings, conducted technical seminars on outdoor noise propagation, and served as the acoustical expert for several legal actions. These experiences have given him a thorough understanding of the technical, public relations, and political aspects of environmental noise and vibration compliance work. Education x M.B.A., Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, California x M.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley x B.S. Mechanical Engineering, University of California at San Diego Relevant Project Experience San Francisco Department of Public Works, Environmental Services On-Call Several task orders with prime consultant. Recent projects have been the Northshore Main Improvement Project, design noise mitigation for a recently constructed SOMA West Skate Park, and a variety of other construction noise and vibration monitoring tasks. City of Fremont Environmental Services On Call (Since 2004) Providing oversight of and acoustical analysis for a variety of task orders. Work tasks primarily focus on noise insulation and vibration control design compliance for new residential projects and peer review other consultant’s projects. King City Silva Ranch Annexation EIR Conducted the noise portion of the EIR and assessed the suitability of the project areas for the intended development. Work included a reconnaissance of existing noise sources and receptors in and around the project areas, and long-term noise measurements at key locations. Loch Lomond Marina EIR, San Rafael Examined traffic noise impacts on existing residences. Provided the project with acoustical analyses and reports to satisfy the requirements of Title 24. Mare Island Dredge and Material Disposal, Vallejo EIR/EIS analysis of noise from planned dredged material off-loading operations. San Francisco Clean Water Program – Richmond Transport Tunnel Environmental compliance monitoring of vibration during soft tunnel mining and boring, cut-and- cover trenching for sewer lines, hard rock tunnel blasting and site remediation. Work involved long-term monitoring of general construction activity, special investigations of groundborne vibration from pumps and bus generated ground vibration, and interaction with the public (homeowners). Construction methods monitored included tunneling, pile driving, heavy equipment operation, and rock blasting. Wilson Ihrig – Derek Watry Resume – Page 2 San Francisco Department of Public Works, 525 Golden Gate Avenue Demolition Noise and vibration monitoring and consultation during demolition of a multi-story office building next to Federal, State, and Municipal Court buildings. San Francisco Department of Public Works, 9-1-1 Emergency Communications Center Technical assistance on issues relating to the demolition and construction work including vibration monitoring, developing specification and reviewing/recommending appropriate methods and equipment for demolition of Old Emergency Center. Patterson Ranch EIR, Fremont Conducted noise and vibration portion of the EIR. Tyco Electronics Annual Noise Compliance Study, Menlo Park Conducted annual noise compliance monitoring. Provided letter critiquing the regulatory requirements and recommending improvements. BART SFO Extension - Construction Vibration and Noise Monitoring Environmental compliance monitoring of noise and vibration during cut-and-cover construction of BART subway structure. Work included extensive monitoring of ground vibration at buildings and structures in close proximity to vibratory pile driving activity to ascertain compliance with construction specification limits. Golden Gate Park Concourse Underground Garage, San Francisco Noise and vibration testing during underground garage construction to monitor for residences and an old sandstone statue during pile driving. Fourth Street Bridge Rehabilitation, San Francisco Construction noise, vibration, and underwater monitoring and support. Work included underwater noise measurements during pile driving and subsequent lab analysis, and ground-to-water transfer mobility measurements and subsequent analysis to predict underwater acoustic pressure levels during concrete abutment demolition. Caltrain Centralized Equipment Maintenance and Operations Facility, San Jose Noise study of impacts for new maintenance and operations facility built next to existing residential neighborhood. Relevant Expert Consultant Experience Expert consultant review of the noise studies for the following projects: Star Concrete Batch Plant Project Mountain Peak Winery Expansion Project The Shops at Austin Creek Development Monterey Downs and Monterey Horse Park Development Atascadero Del Rio Road Commercial Area Development WinCo Vallejo Development Walmart Tehachapi Development Riverwalk Marketplace, Phase II, Development Walmart Rohnert Park Expansion ([KLELW' Via Email and U.S. Mail August 1, 2019 Gian Paolo Martire, Associate Planner City of Cupertino Community Development Department Planning Division 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 gianm@cupertino.org Benjamin Fu, Planning Manager City of Cupertino Community Development Department Planning Division 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 benjaminf@cupertino.org Grace Schmidt, City Clerk City of Cupertino City Clerk’s Office 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 cityclerk@cupertino.org Re: CEQA and Land Use Notice Request for the Project known as De Anza Hotel Dear Mr. Martire, Mr. Fu and Ms. Schmidt: I am writing on behalf of the Laborers International Union of North America, Local Union 270 and its members living in the City of Cupertino (“LiUNA”), regarding the project known as De Anza Hotel, including all actions related or referring to the construction of a new seven-story hotel with up to 156 rooms, a rooftop terrace, lounge, and bar and ground-floor conference facilities and restaurant with four levels of below- grade parking located at 10931 North De Anza Boulevard in the City of Cupertino (“Project”). We hereby request that City of Cupertino (“City”) send by electronic mail, if possible or U.S. Mail to our firm at the address below notice of any and all actions or hearings related to activities undertaken, authorized, approved, permitted, licensed, or certified by the City and any of its subdivisions, and/or supported, in whole or in part, through contracts, grants, subsidies, loans or other forms of assistance from the City, including, but not limited to the following: x Notice of any public hearing in connection with the project as required by California Planning and Zoning Law pursuant to Government Code Section 65091. x Any and all notices prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), including, but not limited to: Notices of any public hearing held pursuant to CEQA. Notices of determination that an Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) or supplemental EIR is required for the project, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.4. August 1, 2019 CEQA and Land Use Notice Request for the Project known as De Anza Hotel Page 2 of 2 Notices of any scoping meeting held pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21083.9. Notices of preparation of an EIR or a negative declaration for the project, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21092. Notices of availability of an EIR or a negative declaration for the project, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21152 and Section 15087 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations. Notices of approval and/or determination to carry out the project, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21152 or any other provision of law. Notices of approval or certification of any EIR or negative declaration, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21152 or any other provision of law. Notices of determination that the project is exempt from CEQA, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21152 or any other provision of law. Notice of any Final EIR prepared pursuant to CEQA. Notice of determination, prepared pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21108 or Section 21152. Please note that we are requesting notices of CEQA actions and notices of any public hearings to be held under any provision of Title 7 of the California Government Code governing California Planning and Zoning Law. This request is filed pursuant to Public Resources Code Sections 21092.2 and 21167(f), and Government Code Section 65092, which requires agencies to mail such notices to any person who has filed a written request for them with the clerk of the agency’s governing body. In addition, we request that the City send to us via email or U.S. Mail a copy of all Planning Commission, Environmental Review Committee and City Council meeting and/or hearing agendas. Please send notice by electronic mail, if possible or U.S. Mail to: Michael Lozeau Hannah Hughes Komal Toor Lozeau Drury LLP 1939 Harrison Street, Ste 150 Oakland, CA 94612 510 836-4200 michael@lozeaudrury.com hannah@lozeaudrury.com komal@lozeaudrury.com Please call if you have any questions. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Sincerely, Hannah Hughes Legal Assistant Lozeau | Drury LLP 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Peggy Griffin <griffin@compuserve.com> Sent:Monday, January 20, 2020 6:07 PM To:City Council Cc:City Clerk; City Attorney's Office; Deborah L. Feng Subject:RE: City Council Agenda Item #12 for Jan. 21, 2020 = GPA No Notice has been sent to public! Dear Mayor Scharf, Vice Mayor Paul and City Council Members, My sincere apology. I was wrong regarding the lack of noticing on the Good Year Hotel. After re‐reading the December 10, 2019 PC Staff Report on the Good Year Hotel project, I went digging through my pile of public notices and found my copy. I am so very sorry for this false alarm and am reassured that the entire city was noticed regarding this PROPOSED GPA. Sincerely, Peggy Griffin ‐‐‐‐‐Original Message‐‐‐‐‐ From: Peggy Griffin <griffin@compuserve.com> Sent: Sunday, January 19, 2020 6:45 PM To: City Council <CityCouncil@cupertino.org> Cc: City Clerk <CityClerk@cupertino.org>; City Attorney's Office <CityAttorney@cupertino.org>; Deborah Feng <DebF@cupertino.org> Subject: City Council Agenda Item #12 for Jan. 21, 2020 = GPA No Notice has been sent to public! Dear Mayor Scharf, Vice Mayor Paul and City Council Members, Tuesday, January 21, 2020’s Agenda Item #12 for the Goodyear Hotel requires a General Plan Amendment yet no notice was sent out to the public. Yes, it went through the Gateway Process but that should not have “turned off” the public noticing requirement! Also, going through this “gateway” does not guarantee the GPA will be approved. The city must be noticed. We and others I know have not received any postcard regarding this GPA agenda item! I find it appalling that this item appears on the agenda without adequate notice other than the regular posting of the CC agenda material. PLEASE correct this immediately. Postpone this item until the public is noticed property! Many of you campaigned on transparency. Please follow through on this by noticing the city regarding this possible GPA. Sincerely, Peggy Griffin 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Anne Ezzat <aezzat95014@gmail.com> Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 9:23 AM To:Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Jon Robert Willey; Liang Chao Subject:Item #12 on 1/21 Agenda Dear Mayor Scharf, Vice Mayor Paul, Council Member Chao, Council Member Wiley, I was surprised to see that a 7 story hotel with no set backs was on the agenda for approval for tonight's meeting. This project does not comply with the General Plan and if approved will modify the General Plan. If the council approves projects that do not adhere to the General Plan, what is the point of having a General Plan? And if there is effectively no General Plan, in the interest of fair play, I hope that you will allow residents to violate it with impunity as well as developers. Elections have consequences and several council members were elected on the promise that they would listen to residents. Please listen. I am sure none of my neighbors have asked for a 7 story hotel with no set backs. Thank you for your time and attention to this matter. Best regards, Brooke Ezzat 1 Cyrah Caburian From:Govind Tatachari <gtc2k7@gmail.com> Sent:Tuesday, January 21, 2020 4:01 PM To:Steven Scharf; Darcy Paul; Liang Chao; Rod Sinks; Jon Robert Willey; Cupertino City Manager's Office; City Attorney's Office; City Clerk Subject:Agenda item 12 dated 1/21/2020 - a new 155-room seven-story hotel Honorable Mayor Scharf, Vice Mayor Paul, Council Members Chao, Sinks, and Willey, and City Manager Feng, City Attorney Minner and City Clerk Squarcia: Over last few years, California has enacted several legislation ‐ which Cupertino must abide by ‐ that take away local control and mandate increased density and intensity of development to increase housing supply. This is already destabilizing the land prices and land use patterns all over the bay area. The 2018 Cupertino city council election mandate was primarily about reducing the intensity and density of development in Cupertino. For Cupertino, the only defense against demand for increased density and intensity of development is the limits set in its General Plan. General plan is the last lever available with the City to keep some check by way of building planes and vertical development limit (number of stories) and its various impacts. This includes rising demand for land to avail all the entitlements and concessions that a developer may be able to extract from the City using various means. GPAs that do away with building plane and setback requirements and vertical development limits on major thoroughfares violate the very spirit of the General plan process and are a sure way to eat away at whatever little control the General Plan provides. Such GPAs on a project by project basis that sidestep the current General plan limits to enable high profitability for developers should be summarily rejected as inappropriate land use within the City. Only the City council can reject such GPAs to discourage more projects requesting similar GPAs in the future, avoid unnecessary litigation for discrimination and avoid their huge negative impact on environment and quality of life in Cupertino. I request you to reject the GPA requested to build a new 155‐room seven‐story hotel at GoodYear location as per Agenda item 12 dated 1/21/2020. Thank you for your time and attention. Govind Tatachari Cupertino Resident 1 Cyrah Caburian From:City of Cupertino Written Correspondence Subject:FW: ITEM #12 - Tonight's Agenda - Comment Letter - DeAnza Hotel Project - Cupertino Attachments:012120 Comment Ltr - DeAnza Hotel - Cupertino.pdf; Agenda (1).pdf From: Ed McCabe <ed@better‐neighborhoods.com> Sent: Tuesday, January 21, 2020 5:10 PM To: City Clerk <CityClerk@cupertino.org>; City Council <CityCouncil@cupertino.org> Cc: Michael Goolsby <michael@better‐neighborhoods.com>; Gian Martire <GianM@cupertino.org> Subject: ITEM #12 ‐ Tonight's Agenda ‐ Comment Letter ‐ DeAnza Hotel Project ‐ Cupertino Please deliver this letter to the City Council at tonight’s hearing and include this letter in the administrative record for this matter. J. Michael Goolsby, CEO Better Neighborhoods, Inc. 17901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600 Irvine, CA 92614 (949) 556-8714 www.better‐neighborhoods.com/ From: Michael Goolsby <michael@better‐neighborhoods.com> Sent: Monday, December 2, 2019 6:01 PM To: GianM@cupertino.org Cc: Ed McCabe <ed@better‐neighborhoods.com> Subject: Re: Comment Letter ‐ DeAnza Hotel Project ‐ Cupertino Mr. Martire, Please see attached comment letter regarding the above-referenced project. Better Neighborhoods is an interested party with respect to this matter. Please acknowledge receipt and put me on your notice list. Thank you, J. Michael Goolsby, CEO Better Neighborhoods, Inc. 17901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600 Irvine, CA 92614 (949) 556-8714 www.better‐neighborhoods.com/ 117901 Von Karman Ave, Suite 600 Irvine, CA 92614 (949) 556-8714 www.better-neighborhoods.com/ January 21, 2020 Kirsten Squarcia, MMC City Clerk for the City of Cupertino City Council Members of the City of Cupertino 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 Email: cityclerk@cupertino.org Re: De Anza Hotel Project – Cupertino Members of the City Council, This letter is submitted by Better Neighborhoods as a request that the City Council deny approval of the Project and remand consideration of the Project to the Planning Commission for further study and analysis to comply with the requirements of CEQA. Better Neighborhoods is an organization established to help people have a voice in local development decisions as prominent as that of planners and developers. Our aim is to encourage smart growth consistent with the needs of the community while protecting the natural environment and places of historic and aesthetic significance, supporting California’s need for affordable housing and balancing the desire for growth with the need for features that make cities livable. The proposed Project is a seven-story, 156-room hotel with rooftop bar and lounge and related parking and other facilities, called the De Anza Hotel Project (the “Project”). The Planning Commission considered and approved the Project. In doing so they reviewed and approved the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (the “MND”). Better Neighborhoods submitted a comment letter regarding several aspects of the MND. The staff submitted to the Planning Commission a reply memorandum prepared by Placeworks, dated December 5, 2019. The Placeworks memorandum (the “Response Memo”) purports to address all of the comments raised by Better Neighborhoods. However, most of the comments by Placeworks in the memorandum are either dismissive of the comments we have made, or are evasive or incorrect responses, none of which address the fundamental CEQA issues raised by Better Neighborhoods. City Council of Cupertino Re: DeAnza Hotel Project January 21, 2020 Page 2 We write this letter to the City Council in the hopes of explaining more fully our concerns with the inadequate CEQA analysis undertaken for the proposed Project. In the prior comment letter submitted to the Planning Commission and in this letter, Better Neighborhoods provides substantial evidence for this administrative record that supports a fair argument that the proposed Project might have a significant environmental impact not previously considered. Accordingly, the City Council should deny the Project approval and remand the Project to the Planning Commission for further and more complete CEQA review. Hazards and Hazardous Materials The subject property very likely has an underground storage tank (“UST”) that contains waste oil. In the MND, the Applicant admits that the geophysical survey was performed only “within accessible areas of the site”. A substantial surface area of the site was ignored, and no borings were performed, due to limited accessibility. This is discussed in Section VIII, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, on page 4-44 and page 4-47 of the MND. As a result of this limited investigation, the applicant has not found the location of the UST. Nonetheless, the Environmental Data Resources (EDR) records show that the UST was installed at the project site in 1973. There is no record of the UST removal. Therefore, one can and should conclude that a UST remains buried somewhere on the site. The Response Memo attempts to avoid this issue by claiming that the chances of finding the UST are low. It continues by stating that even if the UST is discovered during grading of the site, the developer will simply comply with California law and sample the soil, remove the tank, clean up any toxins, and proceed with the project. We know that the project will have four levels of subterranean parking. The massive hole that must be created to allow for this underground garage is certain to come upon the UST. Before the digging begins, we must understand the nature and extent of the contamination. There is substantial evidence that the UST exists now. CEQA does not allow the City to defer the nature, type and specification of a mitigation measure. In this case, if the UST has leaked and contaminated surrounding soil and possibly groundwater, the whole cleanup process will be an unknown new project. For this reason, the City should require as much additional boring and testing as may be required until the UST is identified. Then, the soils samples should be taken to confirm whether or not contamination has occurred. Then, when the facts are known, the City can require an appropriate mitigation measure. City Council of Cupertino Re: DeAnza Hotel Project January 21, 2020 Page 3 General Plan Amendment The Project site, a 1.29-acre parcel at 10931 North De Anza Boulevard, is currently developed with a one-story Goodyear Auto Service Center. The site is now designated under the General Plan as Commercial/Residential, General Commercial (CG) with special development regulations (rg), referred to as CG-rg. This Project is in conflict with the General Plan. Simply Amending the General Plan to accommodate this Project is improper. The Vision for the Homestead Special Area is “The Homestead Villa neighborhood is largely developed and is not anticipated to change in character.” This General Plan Amendment is the worst sort of “spot zoning.” The staff report clearly states that “It should be noted that the General Plan amendments would only apply to the proposed hotel.” In Foothill Communities Coalition v. County of Orange, the court of appeal concluded that spot zoning can be found where an isolated parcel is zoned less restrictively than surrounding property. This project is exactly this sort of impermissible spot zoning. The developer has not suggested, and there is no reason why this Project should justify a General Plan Amendment. There is no substantial public need for this hotel here, at this location in the City and this hotel project certainly is not in the public interest. Also, the City should not attempt to allocate hotel rooms across Special Areas within the General Plan and change the height limitations within this Homestead Special Area – unless the City conducts an exhaustive and thoughtful analysis of what the future will likely bring for development across the City if this Project is approved. There are many, many unintended consequences of this General Plan Amendment. For example, if this Project is approved, there will be increased pressure and demand to densify properties near this Project site, and the City will have set a precedent with this particular approval, thus making it much more likely that additional General Plan Amendments will be approved for intense uses and for taller and more prominent buildings – thus further changing the essential character of this area of the City. Also, if hotel rooms are moved out of other Special Areas and placed into the Homestead area, the City has done nothing more that create pressure for future plan amendment requests in the other Special Areas that are now losing allocated hotel rooms. The General Plan was approved after a very long and information rich process. Now, the CG zoning district is intended to provide a means of guiding development to establish retail, office and services “that ensure the maximum compatibility with surrounding residential areas.” This Project is directly contradictory to this. The City should not be whimsical to alter the General Plan just to accommodate one developer’s desire to build a hotel where it does not belong. City Council of Cupertino Re: DeAnza Hotel Project January 21, 2020 Page 4 Compatibility with the General Plan The MND fails to analyze and explain why this hotel Project should be approved, notwithstanding all of the many inconsistencies with the General Plan. Staff reports that “Staff has evaluated the proposed General Plan Amendments and concludes that based on the net positive fiscal impacts of the project (see Attachment 7) and minimal environmental impacts of the project, the proposed amendment supports several of the City’s other General Plan goals including:…” However, staff fails entirely to comply with CEQA and identify, analyze and explain all of inconsitiencies that the Project creates with the General Plan. The MND is practically silent on all of the many inconsistencies between this Project and the General Plan. There are many, many examples of this, but just a few are instructive: First, Page PA-3 of the General Plan, regarding Special Areas, states that “[The Special Areas] should be enhanced with more pedestrian, bicycle and transit facilities; supported by focused development standards.” This Project does the opposite, including ignoring the development standards that have been developed for this area. Second, Page LU-12 of the General Plan (LU-1.3.1: Commercial and Residential Uses), regarding Land Use Allocations, states that “All mixed-use areas with commercial zoning will require retail as a substantial component.”. The Staff was a bit disingenuous when they refer to the compatibility of the Project with Goal LU-1.3 – that encourages mixed use areas in certain circumstances. However, the specific strategies for achieving this goal seem to preclude putting a hotel in the middle of this residential area. For this reason alone, the MND fails to comply with CEQA. The City should deny the approvals of this Project and have the CEQA document updated to explore the General Plan inconsistencies. In fact, Better Neighborhoods believes that CEQA requires a full environmental impact report to be completed if the General Plan is to be amended. We urge the City to deny the approvals and require that a full environmental impact report be created, so that the requirements of CEQA can be met for a General Plan Amendment. Greenhouse Gas Emissions IN our prior letter, Better Neighborhoods raises several questions about the GHG analysis in the MND. The Response Memo attempts to respond to all of these comments, but does so inadequately. First, we think the GHG analysis does not take into account all of the sensitive receptors that will surround the Project. The City acknowledges that prior to mitigation, there will be construction air quality impacts. The Response Memo sates that causing the large construction equipment to use heavy duty air filters should bring the total GHG impacts to a level of less than City Council of Cupertino Re: DeAnza Hotel Project January 21, 2020 Page 5 significant. We would like to see the arithmetic of how this was confirmed. Also, does this merely create a smeared average of GHG toxins, but in fact result in some nearby sensitive receptors actually receiving a large dose of the bad gases? Also, Mitigation Measure GHG-1 for buying GHG “credits” or “offsets” is not a proper mitigation measure. Even though the local air quality board may allow it, in fact this does nothing for the neighbors that will be harmed by the bad GHG that the Project creates. We urge the City to reject GHG offset credits, and instead require the developer to actually reduce the GHG emissions – not simply pay to pretend they are not harmful. Al Gore may buy offsets so that he can fly in a private jet with a clear conscience, but this is not a proper use of the City’s power to protect its citizens. Noise and Light Nuisance The Response Memo indicates that the noise study contemplated the decibel impact of multiple human conversations from the roof top bar. Better Neighborhoods primary noise concern about the rooftop bar relates to large events and amplified sound. We require that to protect the surrounding sensitive receptors, the Hotel Project should include a condition of approval that prohibits amplified sound (speakers, music, megaphones, etc.) entirely. Also, it should prohibit more than a certain number of persons on the rooftop at one time, based on the cumulative noise levels that could be created by a crowd. In addition to the Noise issue, there is no analysis of light and glare impacts that will be created when events occur on the bar rooftop area. We urge the City to deny the approvals, and require a full analysis of all lighting fixtures, glare and colored, blinking or other lighting that will be visible from surrounding properties. We also require that to protect the surrounding sensitive receptors, the Hotel Project should include a condition of approval that prohibits any bright lights, strobe lights, colored lighting or other obnoxious use of light – if it can be seen from the surrounding neighborhood. Light, Glare and Shadow Better Neighborhoods previously asked for a shadow study. The Response Memo states that there are no thresholds of significance, and that shadow studies are only conducted for impacts on public spaces. This is not correct. If there is no threshold of significance, then the City is obligated to use one that is otherwise applicable, and possibly from another city. The shadow impact we are concerned with is the shadow this overly tall building will throw onto surrounding residential uses. Please complete a shadow study to show that nearby residences will City Council of Cupertino Re: DeAnza Hotel Project January 21, 2020 Page 6 not use the reasonable use of their front yards and back yards – especially during the summer months. We can recommend the thresholds of significance established by the City of Los Angeles for shade and shadow impacts on residential properties. Development Agreement The City intends to enter into a Development Agreement with the applicant. The developer will obtain substantial benefits under this agreement – not the least of which is a General Plan Amendment that rezones their property and allows for this dense and incompatible project. The only significant consideration provided by the applicant is a one-time $500,000 Community Amenity Funding payment. In the context of a project that will cost perhaps $15 million or $20 million to complete, this fee is a paltry sum. Many cities negotiate Development Agreements that result in much more favorable benefits for the City. The City and we citizens are entitled to receive park fees, traffic mitigation fees, school fees and other benefits – that would justify the substantial value being transferred to this developer. We urge the City Council to deny this Development Agreement and return the negotiation to the City Manager and the Planning Commission to come up with a Development Agreement that is not a naked charity gift to this developer. This letter provides substantial evidence for this administrative record that supports a fair argument that the proposed Project might have a significant environmental impact not previously considered. Accordingly, the City Council should deny the Project approval and remand the Project to the Planning Commission for further and more complete CEQA review. Sincerely, Better Neighborhoods, Inc.