Kitty Moore - 3-11-2018 9-56 a.m. - California-SB-610VALLCO SHOPPING DISTRICT SPECIFIC PLAN AND
THE HILLS AT VALLCO PROJECT
SB610 WATER SUPPLY ASSESSMENT
CUPERTINO, CALIFORNIA
MARCH 1, 2016
Prepared by:
Yarne & Associates, Inc.
For
California Water Service
Los Alto Suburban District
949 B Street
Los Altos, CA 94024
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Project Description 3
Vallco Specific Plan and Project Water Demand 6
LAS District Background Information 11
LAS District Water Demand 12
LAS District Water Supply 22
Supply Adequacy and Reliability Assessment 29
Climate Change 35
WSA Summary and Conclusion 35
References 36
Introduction and Project Description
California Water Service (Cal Water) has prepared this California SB 610 Water Supply
Assessment (WSA) for the Vallco Shopping District Specific Plan and The Hills at Vallco
Project (hereafter referred to as "Vallco SP&P"). The Los Altos Suburban (LAS) district of Cal
Water provides potable water service to all customers within the proposed development area of
the Vallco SP&P.
The Vallco SP&P area is approximately 58 acres and includes 15 parcels. It is located at the
intersection of North Wolfe Road, Stevens Creek Boulevard and Vallco Parkway in the City of
Cupertino.
EIR Figure 1 shows the project site location in Cupertino. EIR Figure 2 is the vicinity map and
EIR Figure 3 is an aerial photo of the existing site and surroundings.
The existing Vallco Shopping Center is an existing regional shopping mall of 1,199,699 square
feet (ft) of retail, restaurant and recreation space. The existing mall has experienced a decline in
occupancy during the past 2 years resulting in a lower occupancy rate. Major anchor tenants
including Sears and Macy's closed their stores in the mall. In May 2015, 796,527 ft2 or 66.4%
were occupied and 403,172 ft2 or 33.6% were vacant. For the six year period from December
2009 to December 2014, average occupancy was 993,464 ft2 or 82.8% and average vacancy was
206,235 ft2 or 17.2%.
Following are the facilities for the "Proposed Project" for the Vallco SP&P as of November 24,
2015:
Retail & Recreation Uses - 650,000 sq ft which includes:
Retail — 420,000 sq ft
Recreation Uses: AMC Theatre, Bowling Alley, Ice Rink — 180,000 sq ft
Fitness Use - 50,000 sq ft
2. Residential - 800 units (approximately 800,000 sq ft)
Market Rate Apartments — 680 units
Affordable Apartments — 80 units
Market Rate Senior Apartments — 40 units
3. Office Uses - 2,000,000 sq ft plus related uses:
Rooftop Office Amenity - 35,000 sq ft
Other Office Amenity - 135,000 sq ft
Workshop and Testing Areas - 175,000 sq ft
4. Civic Uses - 40,000 sq ft which includes:
Transit Center — 5,000 sq ft
Civic Meeting Space — 5,000 sq ft
High School Innovation Center — 10,000 sq ft
Community Banquet Hall — 20,000 sq ft
5. Other Supportive uses - 75,000 sq ft which includes:
Loading, Security, Facilities, etc. - 75,000 sq ft
6. Central Plant:
The Central Plant is to provide centralized heating and cooling and will include a10,000
ton condenser water system which would serve as a heat sink/source for individual water
cooled HVAC systems throughout the development. In addition, a 16,000 ton per hour
ice plant would be used for off hour thermal storage. The Central Plant would house
conventional cooling and heating equipment including a boiler plant, a pump house, and
switchgear. The heat pumped water for heating and cooling of the buildings on-site
would be distributed throughout the site from the Central Plant via piping installed in the
below -ground parking area. Water use of the Central Plant has been estimated by the
developer's consultant.
7. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping — 40.59 acres total comprised of -
10. 13
f:10.13 acres ground surface landscaping
30.46 acres of green roof landscaping— largest proposed green roof area for a commercial
development in the US.
The green roof would cover and cross over the tops of the buildings on-site come to
existing grade at the western boundary of the project site at Stevens Creek Boulevard. It
would include landscaping and active and passive open spaces. Plantings would consist
of native and/or drought tolerant species such as native oak trees, manzanita,
needlegrass, and native sedges, which would be irrigated by a drip system. Not all areas
of the green roof would be accessible to the public. The proposed green roof would
consist of the following five open space areas:
a. Oak Grove — Located on the western edge of the site, it would provide at -grade public
pedestrian access to the green roof from Stevens Creek Boulevard. This edge would
be planted with canopy trees that would serve as a visual buffer to the adjacent
residential neighborhood.
b. Community Activities — Located in the center of the green roof, it would include
active programmatic uses including a large play space and garden for children,
community meeting spaces, and amphitheater and performance spaces. Amenities
such as a cafe and wine bar may also be located within this area.
c. Vineyards — Located in the northeastern portion of the roof, it would include trails, as
well as public gathering and performance spaces.
d. Orchards — Would include fruit trees and be located on the roof at the northwest
corner of Stevens Creek Boulevard and Wolfe Road. It would provide agricultural -
related educational and seasonal activities.
e. Nature Preserve — Located on the eastern and western portions of the roof, it would
include open areas, landscaping, and trails and storm water control and treatment.
4
New Public School — 700 student elementary
Off-site location at Nan Allan School Site (10253 N. Portal Ave.)
9. Within Specific Plan Area but not within the Development Project Area
New 191 -room hotel
Commercial Retail — 10,000 sq ft
In 2015, the City of Cupertino was preparing a CEQA Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
which identified the following five other alternatives to the Proposed Project:
1. No Project — existing uses continue: No WSA required
2. Reduced Project Alternative — all uses reduced by 25%: No detailed water use evaluation
made since water use will be approximately 75% of that estimated for the Proposed
Project.
3. More Retail and Civic Alternative:
a. Retail increased to 850,000 sq ft — an increase of 200,000 sq ft
b. Civic increased to 140,000 sq ft — an increase of 100,000 sq ft
4. More Housing/Less Office Alternative
a. Retail remains as 650,000 sq ft
b. Housing units increased to 1,200 — an increase of 400 units
c. Office space reduced to 1,000,000 sq ft — a decrease of 1,000,000 sq ft
5. Reduced Construction alternatives — reduced parking and taller buildings; otherwise
same as Proposed Project; hence, same water use
In December 2015, the developer decided to place the Proposed Project on a voter ballot
initiative for the November 2016 elections. According to the City's consultant, a CEQA
document is not required if a proposed project is voted upon by the general public and approved.
Nonetheless, the WSA estimates water use for the Proposed Project and for Alternatives 3 and 4.
Construction of the Vallco SP&P is expected to start after City approval in the first quarter of
2017. The first phase is planned for completion in 2 years or first quarter 2019 when would
facilities placed into use and all proposed improvements are completed. The second phase is
planned for completion in 3 years and would start in 2019 and be completed in 2021.
The Vallco SP&P is not specifically covered in Cal Water's LAS District 2010 Urban Water
Management Plan (UWMP); therefore, its water supply requirements are addressed in this WSA.
The 2010 UWMP is based on data recorded to 2010 and is currently the most recent UWMP;
however, updated Cal Water records data for 2011 — 2014 on population, customer services,
water demand and well supply were obtained and used in the WSA.
The 2010 LAS District UWMP can be referenced for more detailed information on historic and
forecasted water demand and supply.
Senate Bill 610 (Chapter 643, Statutes of 2001) (SB 610) amended state law as of January 1,
2002, to include consideration of water supply availability when cities and counties are making
land use development decisions. SB 610 requires detailed information on water supply
availability be provided to local public agency decision -makers prior to approval of development
projects that meet or exceed any of the following criteria:
1. A residential development of more than 500 dwelling units.
2. A shopping center or business establishment employing more than 1,000 persons or
having more than 500,000 square feet.
3. A commercial office building employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than
250,000 square feet of floor space.
4. A hotel or motel with more than 500 rooms.
5. An industrial, manufacturing or processing plant or industrial park planned to house more
than 1,000 persons occupying more than 40 acres of land or having more than 650,000
square feet of floor area.
6. A mixed -used project that includes one or more of the projects specified above.
7. A project that would demand an amount of water equivalent to, or greater than, the
amount of water required by a 500 dwelling unit project.
Because the proposed Vallco Project exceeds criteria 1, 2, 3 and 6 above, a WSA is required. The
WSA assesses the adequacy of the water supply to meet the estimated demands of the proposed
Vallco Project over the next 20 years and those of Cal Water's LAS District customers and projected
new users under normal, single dry year and multiple dry year conditions. (Water Code § 10911(a)).
SB 610 requires that the information presented in a WSA be included in the administrative record
that is the basis for an approval action by the local public agency.
SB 610 recognizes local control and decision-making regarding availability of water for projects and
approval of projects. A WSA is to be provided to local governments for inclusion in environmental
documentation for projects subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (as defined in Water
Code 10912 [a]).
Vallco Specific Plan and Project Water Demand
Forecasting net new water demand for the Proposed Project is generally based on multiplying the
estimated water use on a gallons per day per square foot (gpd/ft2) basis for non-residential use
categories by the new square footage for each category and summing the total. For residential single
family and multi -family categories, water demand is based on LAS District residential use data.
Cal Water has used historic water use data by user classes to develop estimates of water demand for
various projected development uses. Due to implementation of more aggressive water conservation
practices and requirements, historic unit water use factors are viewed as being higher than the water
use factors projected for new developments in 2015 and beyond. Accordingly, the method used here
was to:
1. Estimate water demand of existing uses
2. Estimate water demand of proposed new development based on newer water conservation
requirements for toilets, showers, dishwashers, washing machines and outdoor landscaping and
irrigation systems.
3. Determine the net increase in project water demand by subtracting existing demand from
estimated new development demand.
Following are water use factors by user categories historically experienced by Cal Water:
Dry goods stores:
Commercial offices:
Restaurants (food service):
Supermarkets and food stores:
& Entertainment:
Average Water Use Factors
gl d�ft2
0.110
0.05
1.10
1.10
0.55
Updated US Census Bureau data for 2010 obtained by Cal Water indicate that the number of
multi -family dwelling units in the LAS District was 8,517. The total water demand for multi-
family services in 2010 was 656 AFY. Therefore, the 2010 water use factor is 0.077
AFY/dwelling unit or 68.7 gpd/dwelling units
Estimated Existing Average Daily Water Use in the Vallco Shopping Mall:
A breakdown of available space by user category for the existing shopping center is not
available; therefore, the following assumption is made:
Dry goods stores: 80% x 993,464 ft2 = 794,771 ft2
Restaurants and food stores: 15% x 993,464 ft2 = 149,020 ft2
Commercial offices: 5% x 993,464 ft2 = 49,673 ft2
Estimated Existing Building Water Use:
Dry goods stores: 794,771 ft2 x 0.110 gpd/ft2 = 87,425 gpd
Restaurants and food stores: 149,020 ft2 x 1.10 gpd/ft2 = 163,922 gpd
Commercial offices: 49,673 ft2 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 = 2,484 gpd
Total Estimated Existing Building Average Daily Water Use: 253,831 gpd
Estimated Existing Landscape Irrigation Water Use:
Metered data for only landscape irrigation in the LAS District is not available. In nearby Cal Water
districts, irrigation usage for parks and landscaped areas ranges from 3.0 — 4.0 AFY per acre. For a park
area in San Mateo, metered sales records for two existing parks for 34 months yielded an irrigation rate of
3,615 gallons per day/acre or 4.05 AFY per acre. For commercial office landscaping in South San
Francisco for one year period, total landscape irrigation water use was 7,219,192 gallons for an area of
250,143 square feet. Therefore, average daily irrigation water use was: 0.079 gallons/day/ft2 or 3.85 AFY
per acre. Both of these irrigations rates were for non -drought periods. For the existing Vallco Shopping
center site, a lower application rate of irrigation water is assumed due to the 4+ years of current drought
or 3 AFY per acre or 2,676 gpd/acre. Based on an aerial photo, it is estimated that there are 4.7 acres of
landscaped areas. Therefore, estimated existing irrigation water use is 2,676 gpd/acre x 4.7 acres =
12,577 gpd.
Estimated Existing Total Shopping Center Area Water Use: 253,831 gpd + 12,577 gpd — 266,408 gpd
Estimated Proposed Project Water Use:
The Proposed Project will replace facilities with buildings that will fully comply with more
stringent and current city water conservation requirements including the California Plumbing
Code and the California Green Building Code, which mandate installation of water conserving
plumbing fixtures and fittings.
Existing water use in the Vallco Shopping Center is based on higher historic water use rate data
(gpd/ft2). It is estimated that new Proposed Project facilities will achieve a reduction in water
use rates of 25%.
For example, old toilets often exceed 2 gallons per flush. Later toilets use 1.6 gallons per flush.
The latest water efficient toilets use only 0.6 gallons per flush. Depending on the reference toilet,
the latest toilets achieve 62.5% to 70% reduction in water use. In residential dwelling units, new
dishwashers will be installed which use less water than older conventional machines, which use
between 7 and 14 gallons per wash load. New water efficient dishwaters use between 4.5 and 7
gallons per wash load. Using an average of 10.5 gallons for conventional machines and 5.75
gallons for new water efficient machines results in an average savings of 4.75 gallons per load or
a reduction of 45%. Showers with restricted flow heads have an average flow rate of 2.0 gallons
per minute (gpm) versus conventional shower head flows of 2.5 gpm or a 20% reduction.
Washing machines 18 years or older used 40 gallons per standard load versus new machines
using only 13 gallons per load or a reduction of 67.5%.
Retail and Recreational Uses:
1) Retail: Assume 80% of space is dry goods and 20% is restaurants and food stores
Therefore the average water use rate is: 0.8 x 0.11 + 0.2 x 1.10 = 0.308 gpd/ft2
0.75 x 0.308 gpd/ft2 x 420,000 ft2 = 97,020 gpd
2) Recreational & Entertainment:
0.75 x 0.55 gpd/ft2 x 180,000 ft2 = 74,250 gpd
3) Fitness Club:
0.75 x 1.10 gpd/ft2 x 50,000 ft2 = 41,250 gpd
Total retail and recreational water use: 212,520 gpd
2. Residential (multi -family units):
0.75 x 68.7 gpd/dwelling unit x 800 dwelling units = 41,220 gpd
3. Office and Related Uses:
0.75 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 x 2,345,000 ft2 = 87,938 gpd
4. Civic:
0.75 x 0.110 gpd/ft2 x 40,000 ft2 = 3,300 gpd
5. Other Supportive Uses:
0.75 x 0.110 gpd/ft2 x 75,000 ft2 = 6,188 gpd
6. Central Plant (CoolingTower):
ower
Based on an analysis of the proposed cooling and heating systems and their associated
water requirements, Luk and Associates in its November 4, 2015 report to the Sand Hill
Property Company estimates potable Central Plant water demand for a typical
development to be 125 AFY or 111,500 gpd for the Proposed Project. With a 50/50 blend
of potable and recycled water, potable demand is estimated to be 78 AFY. For 100% of
supply coming from recycled water, demand is estimated to be 219 AFY.
7. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping_:
Based on a detailed breakdown of specific plantings, areas and irrigation rates, Luk and
Associates in its November 4, 2015 report to the Sand Hill Property Company estimates
the total annual irrigation demand for potable water for the Proposed Project to be 90.1
AFY or 80,369 gpd using the Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species
(WUCOLS) Landscape Coefficient Method.
8. Public School:
Average daily water use in another Cal Water district for an elementary school for a 3
year period (2011 — 2013), was 11,924 gallons/day for an average enrollment of 510
students or 23.38 gallons/day/student. In 2014, in the 4th year of state wide drought, the
water use decreased 17.7%. A new school is expected to incorporate water savings
fixtures and irrigation practices; therefore, an average of these two rates, or 0.91 x 23.38
gallons/day/student = 21.28 gallons/day/student is used here.
21.28 gpd/student x 700 students = 14,896 gpd
9. Hotel (191 rooms) & Commercial Retail:
Water use for hotels with a restaurant is estimated to be 0.50 gallons/day/sq ft. Estimated
total hotel space per room is estimated to be 390 sq ft.
Therefore, estimated hotel water demand is: 191 rooms x 390 sq ft/room x 0.50
gallons/day/sq ft = 37,245 gpd
Hotel Retail:
0.75 x 0.308 gpd/ft2 x 10,000 ft2 = 2,310 gpd
10. Total Proposed Project estimated average daily potable water use: 597,486 gpd
Estimated net increase in averagedaily potable water use for the Proposed Project is:
597,486 gpd — 266,676 gpd = 330,810 gpd or 370.9 AFY
In the Proposed Project Description and Luk and Associates' water demand calculations, an
assumption is made that recycled water may be available for meeting 50% of the green roof and
ground landscape irrigation requirements or 45 AFY and 50% of the cooling tower water
requirements or 78 AFY with the other 78 AFY coming from potable water. If so, that would
reduce the net increase in daily potable water use by 92 AFY (45 + 47) resulting in a revised
total estimate of average daily potable water use for the Proposed Project of 278.9 AFY.
An agreement involving Cal Water, the City of Sunnyvale, Santa Clara Valley Water District
(SCVWD), City of Cupertino and the Sand Hill Property Company will need to be prepared and
negotiated. It will have to address roles and responsibilities, costs, financing, design and
construction, recycled water delivery quantities and quality and a schedule for implementation of
the recycled water delivery system. Since that process has not started and it could take several
years for all of the above to occur, the WSA assumes that at commencement of use of project
facilities, all water needs will be met by potable supplies. However, it is noted that an agreement
involving the City of Sunnyvale (source of the recycled water), SCVWD (responsible for the
transmission system to the City of Cupertino) Cal Water (responsible for retail delivery of
recycled water to the Apple Campus 2 site) and Apple (end user and contributor for paying part
of the conveyance system capital costs) have a signed agreement. It is anticipated that the parties
will proceed with design and construction of the facilities required to connect the Sunnyvale
recycled water system to a new recycled pipe system in Cupertino to convey recycled water to
the Apple Campus 2 site. Sand Hill Property Company and the City of Cupertino's intention is to
extend the recycled water transmission line to serve the Hamptons housing project and the
Vallco Specific Plan and Project.
Cal Water supports the use of recycled water for the Hamptons and Vallco projects, but is not yet
engaged in developing an agreement to accomplish that objective.
Estimated Water Use for More Retail and Civic Space Alternative
1) Retail increased to 850,000 sq ft — an increase of 200,000 sq ft or 0.75 x 0.308 gpd/ft2 x
200,000 ft2 = 46,200 gpd
2) Civic increased to 140,000 sq ft — an increase of 100,000 sq ft or 0.75 x 0.110 gpd/ft2 x
100,000 ft2 = 8,250 gpd
Total Estimated Water Use for the More Retail and Civic Space Alternative:
597,486 gpd + 46,200 gpd + 8,250 gpd = 651,936 gpd
Estimated net increase in average_daily potable water use for the More Retail and Civic Space
Alternative:
651,935 gpd - 266,676 gpd = 385,259 gpd or 431.9 AFY
Estimated Water Use for More Housing and Less Office Space Alternative
1) Residential increased to 1,200 dwelling units — an increase of 400 units or 0.75 x 68.7 gpd =
20,600 gpd
2) Office reduced to 1,000,000 sq ft or 0.75 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 x 1,000,000 ft2 = -37,500 gpd
Total Estimated Water Use for the More Housing and Less Office Space Alternative:
597,486 gpd + 20,600 gpd — 37,500 gpd = 580,586 gpd
Estimated net increase in averaize dailv water use for the More Housinu and Less Office Snace
Alternative:
5 80,5 86 gpd — 266,676 gpd = 313,910 gpd or 351.9 AFY
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Summary of Estimated Net Increase in Potable Water Use:
1. Proposed Project: 330,810 gpd or 370.9 AFY
2. More Retail and Civic Space Alternative: 385,259 gpd or 431.9 AFY
3. More Housing and Less Office Space Alternative: 313,910 gpd or 351.9 AFY
LAS District Background Information
The Los Altos District is located in Santa Clara County approximately 45 miles south of San
Francisco and 11 miles north of San Jose. The system serves the majority of the incorporated
city of Los Altos, fringe sections of the cities of Cupertino, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View,
Sunnyvale and adjacent unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County. The service area
boundaries are shown in Figure 4.The cities of Mountain View, Sunnyvale Cupertino and Santa
Clara own and operate water systems northeast and southeast of the District. Purissima Hills
Water District is north of the City of Los Altos Hills.
Figure 4: LAS District Service Area (Areas bounded by blue line)
Cal Water uses U.S. Census data in estimating population in all of its districts in California. Its
11
methodology for estimating existing and future population has been reviewed and accepted by the
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), which provides regulatory oversight of privately
owned water and wastewater utilities. Estimates of the population serviced by Cal Water in the LAS
district are based on overlaying the 2010 U.S. Census Tract Block data with the service area
boundary as shown in Figure 4. LandView 5 and MARPLOT® software are used to generate data.
When compared to year 2000 Census data, the 10 year population growth rate in Cal Water's
:LAS district service was 18.8% based on a 2000 population census based estimate of 55,177 and
a 2010 population census based estimate of 65,550. This was increase of 10,373 persons in 10
years or average annual increase of 1,037 persons. Total housing units (single family and multi-
family) increased from 21,258 to 25,301 or 4,043 units in 10 years for an average annual
increase of 404 units.
Based on 2010 U.S. Census data, occupant density is 2.59 persons per residential unit (single
family and multifamily units).
This data was used as a baseline for estimating population starting in 2010. To calculate
estimated population after 2010, the Census 2010 population was divided by the total number of
dwelling units served by Cal Water in 2010 to produce a population density value. This value
was then multiplied by the number of projected dwelling units in each future year.
The twenty-year growth rate for customer service types was used by Cal Water to estimate the
future number services to 2040 and population in the LAS District. Use of the twenty-year
growth rate correlated most closely with past growth and current growth trends. In the 2010
UWMP, Cal Water estimated the LAS district service area population to be 56,940. As noted,
using 2010 US Census data, Cal Water revised its 2010 estimate to 65,550, which is a difference
of 8,610 or 15.1 % greater. The 2010 UWMP estimate of the population in 2040 was 62,650.
In 2015, Cal Water updated its population forecast which is shown in Table 1. This forecast
shows significantly greater increases in population growth than projected in the 2010 UWMP.
The updated Cal Water forecast is used in the WSA.
Table 1: 2015 LAS District Updated
Population Projections
Year 2005 2010
2015 2020
2025
2030 2035 2040
Service
Area 60,450 65,550
68,234 71,291
74,504
77,986 81,764 85,864
Population
LAS District Water Demand
Before the passage of Senate Bill 7 (SBx7-7), Cal Water projected water demand by multiplying the
projected number of services for each of its user classes by one of three (high, average and low)
historic water use rates for each user class. The three water use rates were derived from metered
customer water records. Projected increases in the number of customers in each user class were based
on historic growth rates for that user class unless a particular growth rate was determined to be non -
MA
representative in which case the overall customer growth rate was used. The sum of projected
demands for each user class equaled the total projected demand for the LAS District. Three separate
demand projections for the LAS District were calculated in this manner: high, average and low.
After the passage of SBx7-7, the above method was no longer used for projecting LAS District water
demand. However, this method is still used for projecting growth in services by user class,
population, and distribution of demand among user classes. Figure 5 shows total demand by user
class for all applicable user classes in 2010. The largest user class is single family residential where
water use is 66.8% of total demand. The two categories that will comprise the water uses for the
proposed Vallco Project are commercial (17.3% of total demand) and multi -family residential (5.2%
of total demand) for a combined total of 22.5%. Other water uses (industrial, government and other)
total 4.9% of demand.
Figure 5: LAS District Demand by User Class (2014 Data)
Percent of Total Demand by Type of Use
(2014)
Residential, 66.
Multi Res, 5.20%
California Senate Bill x7- 7 Baseline and
al, 0.14%
invent, 4.00%
1.74%
d, 5.86%
Senate Bill No. 7 (SBx7-7) adopted in November 2009 mandates a statewide 20% reduction in per
capita urban water use by December 31, 2020. The CPUC directed Class A and B water utilities to
adopt conservation programs and rate structures designed to achieve reductions in per capita water
use. To increase water conservation, Cal Water in 2010 developed five-year conservation program
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plans for all of its service districts. The LAS District Conservation Master Plan is in Appendix G of
the 2010 UWMP.
SBx7-7 requires reducing per capita water use by at least 10 percent on or before December 31,
2015. SBx7-7 requires urban retail water suppliers to develop 2015 and 2020 water use targets
in accordance with specific requirements and provides several ways to calculate them. Retail
water suppliers can also form regional alliances within the same hydrologic region to achieve
compliance.
Demand projections in the 2010 UWMP were developed to meet SBx7-7 requirements. Two
demand projections were made: 1) an unadjusted baseline demand and 2) a target demand. The
unadjusted baseline water demand projection is the total demand expected without any water
conservation. It is equal to forecasted population multiplied by the base per capita water use,
which is the average for the period from 2005 to 2009.
The 2010 LAS UWMP provides a detailed description of the four methods permitted by the state
to calculate water use targets for 2015 and 2020 and explains why Cal Water elected to use the
first method. Under Method 1, the 2015 and 2020 targets are set to 90 percent and 80 percent of
baseline water use, respectively. Baseline water use is the average water use for any continuous
10 -year period ending between 2004 and 2010. For the LAS District, the 10 year base period
1999-2008 yielded the maximum target under this method. The 2015 target was 217 gpcd and a
2020 target is 193 gpcd. In preparing its 2015 LAS District UWMP, Cal Water has updated the
10 year base period resulting in lower water use per capita targets. For 2015, it is 209 gpcd and
for 2020, it is 185 gpcd.
Annual LAS District per capita demand for the 20 year period between 1995 and 2014 ranged
from a high of 244 gpcd in 2000 to a low of 152 gpcd in 2011. Cal Water estimates the 2015
annual per capita demand to be 130 gpcd — a significant decrease, which is viewed as the result
of LAS District customers responding to intensified efforts by Cal Water, SCVWD and the state
to achieve the 25% reduction in water use requested by the Governor of California in early 2015.
In its updated projections, Cal Water increases per capita daily water demand to 184 gpcd in
2020 and beyond assuming that after the current drought ends, normal or above normal annual
rainfall and runoff will occur. An increase in per capita water consumption has been observed in
previous years following droughts. The 184 gpcd is still less than the adjusted 2015 and 2020
SBx7-7 targets.
Since LAS District demand data for the period from 2010 to 2015 indicate that water use on a
per capita per day basis is less than water use based on SBx7-7 target rates, the WSA uses the
lower average rates for projecting future LAS District demand as shown in Figure 6.
14
18,000
16,000
in000
w
,000
,000
A
t
,000
I;,000
0
,000
Figure 6: LAS District Projected Demand Comparison (2015 Update)
tHistorical
Demand
tAV G+SD
AVG
Historical & Projected Demand
0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Year
Actual and projected water demand through 2040 is also shown in Table 2. Demand estimates
for 2015 are based on actual water use data through September 2015 and estimates for October -
December. For the period from 2020 to 2040, projected water demand is based on multiplying
updated population projections in Table 1 by varying per capita water use rates.
Table 2: LAS District Actual and Projected Water Demand
2005 2010
2015 2020
2025
2030 2035 2040
Water Use 14,758 11,648
14,440 14,706
14,983
15,273 15,577 15,894
Vallco SP&P Proposed Project and Alternatives and LAS District Demand Assessment
The estimated initial use date of some Proposed Project facilities is January 2018 and completion
and full use in 2 more years or the January 2020.
15
The projected LAS district water demand increase between 2015 and 2020 is 266 AFY. Taken as a
percentage of this increase, the estimated net new water demand of the Proposed Project and
Alternatives is as follows:
1. Proposed Project: 139% (370.9/266)
2. More Retail and Civic Space Alternative: 162% (431.9/266)
3. More Housing and Less Office Space Alternative: 132% (351.9/266)
Water demands of the Apple Campus 2 project are estimated in a SB 610 WSA, February 1,
2012. Total potable and non -potable estimated water use for Apple Campus 2 Phases 1 and 2 is
520 AFY for the water conserving scenario, which based on current information from the City of
Cupertino, was selected and is being implemented. As presented in the Apple Campus 2 WSA,
potable water use at build out was estimated to be 242 AFY and recycled water for landscape
irrigation, interior fixtures and process water requirements was estimated to be 278 AFY.
As noted under the recycled water section, Cal Water, Sunnyvale, South Bay Recycling, Apple,
and SCVWD will be signing a contract to provide an inter -tie to the Sunnyvale recycled water
system. The current plan includes constructing a recycled water transmission line to the Apple
Campus 2 site to deliver 175 AFY or 103 AFY less than the 278 AFY estimated in the Apple
Campus 2 WSA. Accordingly, 103 AFY of water demand is added to the estimated potable
demand of 242 AFY to yield a revised total potable water demand of 345 AFY for Apple
Campus 2 at build out. Total demand is still estimated to be 520 AFY.
Total estimated existing potable water use site area prior to the Apple Campus 2 project was
estimated to be 398.4 AFY.
Therefore, the net increase in water demand by the Apple Campus 2 project is 121.6 AFY. Since
175 AFY of demand will be met by non -potable water, the net effect on potable supply of the
Apple Campus 2 project is to decrease demand on the potable supply by 53.4 AFY.
Concurrent with preparation of the Vallco Specific Plan and Project WSA, a WSA has been
prepared by Cal Water for the Hamptons Project. That WSA estimates the increased demand for
the proposed development plan is 28.1 AFY.
In a February 29, 2012, letter, the City of Cupertino requested that Cal Water review its SB 610
Water Supply Assessment (WSA) dated August 12, 2008 for the Main Street Development
Project with respect to two proposed additional alternative development options that differ from
the two options assessed in the WSA. The City requested that changes to the base scheme option
be assessed for their impact on project water demand. In a March 21, 2012 response to the City
Cal Water compared the estimated water demand for Option 1D (base scheme) to Plan A, the
higher water use option in the 2008 WSA. In Cal Water's Addendum No. 1 to the WSA, dated
March 21, 2012, the estimated water demand for Option 1D (Base Scheme) is 268,580 gpd
compared to the August 12, 2008, WSA estimated demand for Plan A of 265,400 gallons/day.
The demand for Option 1D, used here, is: 30.1 AFY.
16
The estimated water demands for the 1) proposed Vallco project, 2) proposed Hamptons Project,
2) Apple Campus 2 using recycled water and the typical development scenario and 4) Main
Street Development Project are added to Cal Water's updated 2015 LAS District demand
projection for 20 years shown in Table 2 resulting in a revised LAS District demand projection,
which is shown in Table 3.
Table
3: LAS District
Actual and
Plus
Projected
2010
Four
Water
2015
Development
Demand2005
2020
2025
Projects
2030
2035
2040
Cal Water Projection
14,758
11,648
14,440
14,706
14,983
15,273
15,577
15,894
Hamptons Project
0
0
0
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
Vallco SP&P
0
0
0
370.9
370.9
370.9
370.9
370.9
Apple Campus 2
0
0
0
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
Main Street Project
0
0
0
30.1
30.1
30.1
30.1
30.1
Total
j14,758
11,648
14,440
15,257
15,534
15,824
16,128
16,445
LAS District Water Demand Management
Cal Water is significantly expanding its water conservation programs. State law, CPUC
directives and a state water conservation organization are focused on reducing urban water use
and have provided much of the impetus for this emphasis. This includes:
1. Recent decisions by the CPUC directing regulated water utilities to reduce per capita
urban water demand.
2. State legislation mandating urban water suppliers reduce per capita demand 20 percent by
2020.
3. Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California
(MOU).
Following is a brief summary of each.
The CPUC's Decision 07-05-062 directed Class A and B water utilities to submit a plan to achieve a
5 percent reduction in average customer water use over each three-year rate cycle. This policy was
refined under Decision 08-02-036, which established a water use reduction goal of 3 to 6 percent in
per customer or service connection consumption every three years once a full conservation program,
with price and non -price components, is in place. These decisions anticipated enactment of policies
by the State legislature to reduce urban water use in California 20 percent by 2020.
SBx7-7 requires the state to achieve a 20 percent reduction in urban per capita water use by
December 31, 2020. The state is required to make incremental progress toward this goal by reducing
per capita water use by at least 10 percent on or before December 31, 2015. SBx7-7 requires each
urban retail water supplier to develop interim and 2020 urban water use targets. Urban retail water
suppliers will not be eligible for state water grants or loans unless they comply with SBx7-7's
requirements.
FkA
There are three ways in which a water supplier can comply with the MOU. The first way is to
implement a set of water conservation best management practices (BMPs) according to the
requirements and schedules set forth in Exhibit 1 of the MOU. The second way, called Flex Track
compliance, is to implement conservation programs expected to save an equivalent or greater volume
of water than the BMPs. The third way, similar to SBx7-7, is to reduce per capita water use. Each of
these compliance options is briefly described below.
Originally, the MOU established a set of BMPs that signatories agreed to implement in good faith.
For each BMP, the MOU established the actions required by the water supplier (e.g. site surveys,
fixture and appliance rebates, water use budgets, volumetric pricing and conservation rate designs),
the implementation schedule, and the required level of effort (in the MOU this is referred to as the
coverage requirement). Additionally, the MOU established the terms by which a water supplier
could opt out of implementing a BMP.
BMPs are grouped into five categories. Two categories, Utility Operations and Education, are
"Foundational BMPs" because they are considered essential water conservation activities by any
utility and are adopted for implementation by all signatories to the MOU as ongoing practices with
no time limits. The remaining BMPs are "Programmatic BMPs" and are organized into Residential,
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII), and Landscape categories. Table 4 lists the BMPs by
category. The requirements and coverage levels of each BMP are set forth in Exhibit 1 of the MOU.
Cal Water's CUWCC annual reports, which detail BMP implementation, are included in the 2010
UWMP as Appendix G.
Under Flex Track, a water supplier can estimate the expected water savings over the 10 -year period
2009-2018 if it were to implement the programmatic BMPs in accordance with the MOU's schedule,
coverage, and exemption requirements, and then achieve these water savings through any
combination of programs it desires. Thus, through the Flex Track compliance option, a water
supplier agrees to save a certain volume of water using whatever it determines to be the best
combination of programs. Because the savings target depends on the programmatic BMP coverage
requirements, which in turn are functions of service area size and composition of demand, the
volume of water to be saved under this compliance option must be calculated separately for each
supplier.
18
Table 4: MOU Best
BMP Group
BMP Name
1. Utility Operations Programs (F)
Conservation Coordinator
Water Waste Prevention
Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
Water Loss Control
Metering & Volumetric Rates
Retail Conservation Pricing
2. Education Programs (F)
Public Information Programs
School Education Programs
3. Residential (P)
Residential Assistance Program
Landscape Water Surveys
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Program
Watersense Toilet Program
Watersense Specifications for Residential Development
4. Commercial, Industrial, Institutional (P)
Reduce baseline CII water use by 10% in 10 years
5. Landscape (P)
Lar e Landscape Water Budget Programs
Large Landscape Water Surveys
F = Foundational BMP, P = Programmatic BMP
Under the gpcd option, a water supplier can comply with the MOU by reducing its baseline gpcd by
18 percent by 2018. The baseline is the ten-year period 1997-2006. The MOU establishes interim
gpcd targets and the highest acceptable levels of water use deemed to be in compliance with this
option. The MOU's gpcd option is similar to the method to set the SBx7-7 target, except that it uses
a fixed baseline period and only runs through 2018.
Cal Water is using Flex Track to comply with the MOU because it provides the most flexibility in
selecting conservation programs and allows for more streamlined reporting.
Water Conservation Master Plans
To comply with requirements for urban water use reduction, Cal Water developed Water
Conservation Master Plans (WCMP) for each of its service districts or areas. WCMPs set forth a
framework for compliance and describe Cal Water's specific conservation actions to be
implemented. Major tasks in the WCMPs include:
1. A complete review of State policies and development of a compliance strategy
2. Calculating all appropriate per capita targets
3. Determining water savings required from new programs
4. Performing an analysis of conservation programs
5. Developing a portfolio of conservation program actions
6. Creating a plan for monitoring and updating the WCMP
The Water Conservation Master Plan for the LAS District is in Appendix G of the 2010 UWMP. A
discussion of baseline and target water use is provided in Section 3 of the UWMP. Details on water
savings requirements and the programs to be implemented are also provided. Table 5 is a summary
of water conservation programs selected.
1s
Table
Conservation 1g
Pro ram Name
Descri tion Tar et Market
CORE PROGRAMS qW
Rebate/Vouchers for toilets, urinals, and
Provide customer rebates for high-efficiency
All customer segments
clothes washers
toilets, urinals, and clothes washers
Residential Surveys
Provide residential surveys to low-income
All residential market
customers, high-bill customers, and upon customer
segments
request or as pre-screen for participation in direct
install programs
Residential Showerhead/Water
Provide residential showerhead/water conservation
All residential market
Conservation Kit Distribution
kits to customers upon request, as part of
segments
residential surveys, and as part of school education
curriculum
Pop-Up Nozzle Irrigation System
Offer high-efficiency pop-up irrigation nozzles
All customer segments
Distribution
through customer vouchers or direct install.
Public Information/Education
Provide conservation messaging via radio, bill
All customer segments
inserts, direct mail, and other appropriate methods.
Provide schools with age appropriate educational
materials and activities. Continue sponsorship of
Disney Planet Challenge program.
NON -CORE PROGRAMS
Toilet/Urinal Direct Install Program
Offer direct installation programs for replacement
All customer segments
of non-HE toilets and urinals
Smart Irrigation Controller Contractor
Offer contractor incentives for installation of smart
All customer segments
Incentives
irrigation controllers
Large Landscape Water Use Reports
Expand existing Cal Water Large Landscape Water
Non-residential customers
Use Report Program providing large landscape
with significant landscape
customers with monthly water use reports and
water use and potential
budgets
savings
Large Landscape Surveys & Irrigation
Provide surveys and irrigation system upgrade
Non-residential customers
System Incentives
financial incentives to large landscape customers
with significant landscape
participating in the Large Landscape Water Use
water use and potential
Reports programs and other targeted customers
savings
Food Industry Rebates/Vouchers
Offer customer/dealer/distributor rebates/vouchers
Food and drink
for high-efficiency dishwashers, food steamers, ice
establishments, institutional
machines, and re-rinsespray valves
food service providers
Cooling Tower Retrofits
Offer customer/dealer/distributor rebates/vouchers
Non-residential market
of cooling tower retrofits
segments with significant
HVAC water use
Industrial Process Audits and Retrofit
Offer engineering audits/surveys and financial
Non-residential market
Incentives
incentives for process water efficiency
segments with significant
improvement
industrial process water uses
LAS District Conservation Program Activity Levels
The water savings requirement analysis showed that water savings from existing water efficiency
codes and ordinances, scheduled adjustments to water rates, and past investment in conservation
programs meet LAS district's 2015 SBx7-7 per capita water use target. For the LAS District, the
programs selected and planned activity levels for each are shown in Table 6.
20
Table 1 Conservation Program
Pro ram Planned Annual Activit Levels
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
CORE PROGRAMS
RebatesNouchers
Toilets
340
340
340
520
520
Clothes Washers
750
750
750
790
790
Urinals
0
0
0
0
0
Customer Surveys/Audits
290
290
290
450
450
Conservation Kit Distribution
580
580
580
600
600
Pop-Up Nozzle Distribution
6,900
6,900
6,900
7,190
7,190
NON -CORE PROGRAMS
Direct Install Toilets/Urinals
1,630
1,630
1,630
1,830
1,830
Smart Irr. Controller Vendor Incentives
180
180
180
410
410
Large Landscape Water Use Reports
0
0
0
0
0
Large Landscape Surveys/Incentives
40
40
40
40
40
Commercial Kitchen Rebates/Vouchers
0
0
0
50
40
Cooling Tower/Process Water Retrofit Incentives
0
0
0
0
0
The 2010 UWMP estimates that total annual water savings for the Core and Non -Core Programs
listed in Table 6 will be 812.6 AFY in 2015. These projected water savings will meet the LAS
district's 2015 SBx7-7 target. In the 2015 UWMP, Cal Water will be proposing additional water
conservation actions for the period from 2016 to 2020.
The water savings requirement analysis shows that after accounting for water savings from
existing water efficiency codes and ordinances, scheduled adjustments to water rates, and
investments in conservation programs, projected 2015 baseline demand in the LAS district
results in a per capital water use rate less than the 2015 target rate. Moreover, 24 of the 32
programs evaluated had benefit to cost ratios greater than or equal to one, indicating that
implementation of these programs is more cost-effective for rate payers.
The 2010 UWMP assumes that there will be a linear reduction in gpcd from 2015 to 2020 to
achieve the district -specific 2020 SBx7-7 compliance target. Programs required to achieve 2020
SBx7-7 compliance will be outlined in the next Conservation Master Plan for the district, which
will be presented in the 2015 UWMP. Activity levels of future programs depend in part on Cal
Water's obtaining California Public Utility Commission (CPUC) funding approval in its rate
setting process.
As part of the Conservation Master Plan, one page program summaries or fact sheets were
developed for each recommended program. The fact sheets provide a brief summary of program
design and marketing, expected level of customer participation, projected water savings, and
proposed program expenditure for the period 2011 — 2015. The fact sheets for the LAS District
are included in Appendix G of the 2010 UWMP.
21
Water Shortage Allocation Plans
Cal Water has also developed Water Shortage Allocation Plans (WSAP), which are plans of action to
reduce water demand should significant water supply shortages occur. These actions may be
implemented for several months or several years depending on circumstances. The WSAP differs
from the Water Conservation Master Plan, which is focused on achieving permanent reductions in
per capita water use by Cal Water's customers and is not driven by significant short or long
reductions in supply. In the short-term, the WSAP assists Cal Water in further reducing demand so
that it matches significant reductions in supply.
Implementation of Cal Water's WSAP for the LAS District will depend on treated water supply
deliveries from the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) the availability of supply from Cal
Water's wells within the district and possible emergency supply made available by SCVWD. Cal
Water has a four -stage approach that corresponds to specific levels of projected water supply
shortage. Depending on the supply reduction target, this approach becomes increasingly more
aggressive in requiring customer water use reductions. The stage selected depends on such factors as
wholesale supply reductions, availability of alternative supplies, time of year and coordinated
regional actions among all affected water utilities and agencies.
The percentage of supply shortage will be a significant factor in Cal Water's decision on which stage
of supply reduction it will implement. Supply reductions percentages are shown for each of the 4
stages in Table 7.
Stage
• • . 1
Projected Supply Reduction %
Stage 1
5 to 10%
Stage 2
10 to 20%
Stage 3
20 to 35%
Stage 4
35 to >50%
LAS District Water Supply
Information is from Cal Water's 2010 UWMP and updated data to be used in the 2015 UWMP.
Water supply for the LAS District is from Cal Water wells and purchased treated water from
SCVWD. Approximately, 32% of total supply is from Cal Water wells and 68% is purchased
water.
The amount of groundwater pumped from Cal Water wells depends upon the supply available
from SCVWD. SCVWD imports surface water to the region through the South Bay Aqueduct of
the State Water Project (SWP), the San Felipe Division of the federal Central Valley Project
(CVP), and through the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's (SFPUC) Regional Water
System. However, Cal Water only receives water from the SWP and CVP.
The amount of groundwater pumped from Cal Water wells versus purchased treated water varies
depending on the supply available from SCVWD varies annually. SCVWD imports surface
water to its service area from the South Bay Aqueduct of the State Water Project (SWP), the San
Felipe Division of the federal Central Valley Project (CVP) and the San Francisco Public
`4a
Utilities Commission's (SFPUC) Regional Water System. However, Cal Water only receives
SCVWD water from SWP and CVP sources.
Purchased SCVWD water projections are based on historical trends being extended to 2040 and
include "Non -Contract" water. The SCVWD approved treated water delivery schedule is
expected to increase by about 80 AF per year. In SCVWD's 2012 Water Supply and
Infrastructure Master Plan baseline supplies are projected to increase from 398,000 AFY in 2012
to 421,000 AFY in 2035 or an average annual increase of 1,000 AFY per year. In addition, water
conservation savings are projected to increase from 53,000 AFY in 2012 to 99,000 AFY in 2030
or an average annual increase in savings of 2,555 AFY per year. So the effective SCVWD
increase in supply including water conservation savings is 3,555 AFY. The LAS District's share
of SCVWD's average annual effective supply increase is only 2.2%
Groundwater supply projections are based on groundwater production being set to meet the
difference between LAS District demand and supply deliveries from SCVWD in a given year.
Cal Water has more than adequate well capacity to meet projected demands through 2040. As
wells reach the end of their useful life are taken out of service, they are replaced with new wells.
Table 8 presents the supply plan to match the projected LAS District demand projection in Table
3. Based the amount of water delivered by SCVWD to the LAS District and assuming a constant
annual use of recycled water supply conveyed by SCVWD from the City of Sunnyvale's
recycled water treatment facilities for non -potable use on the Apple Campus 2 site, Cal Water
will pump groundwater from its wells to meet anticipated demand. In short, the amount of
groundwater pumped is the difference between projected total demand and the projected potable
and recycled water supplies from SCVWD.
SCVWD Purchased Water
SCVWD owns and operates three separate surface water treatment plants (the Penitencia,
Rinconada, and Santa Teresa water treatment plants) that are supplied by surface water supplies
from local runoff and imported water from the CVP, SWP and SFPUC. Treated water is
delivered to the LAS District from the Rinconada treatment plant through a large -diameter high
pressure transmission pipeline that runs through Cupertino and along Foothill Expressway. This
23
transmission pipeline, commonly referred to as the West Pipeline, has branch lines that distribute
water to the cities of Santa Clara and Mountain View ("distributaries").
Cal Water has a contract to 2035 with SCVWD to purchase treated surface water and convey it
to the LAS District. SCVWD "Contract" water is delivered through four connections with its
transmission system. These connections are called the "Vallco", "Granger", "Farndon", and
"Covington" turnouts. The Farndon and Granger turnouts are located directly on the West
Pipeline, while the Tantau-Vallco turnout is located on the Santa Clara Distributary, and the
Covington connection is located on the Mountain View Distributary. Each of these turnouts is
equipped with pressure and flow control devices that provide a hydraulic transition between their
respective delivery main and the LAS district distribution system.
When surface water supplies are abundant (above normal hydrologic years generally), SCVWD
makes available for sale "Non -Contract" water in order to promote increased storage in
groundwater aquifers in the region. Because there is usually a lower cost for purchasing "Non -
Contract" water, the LAS District reduces production of groundwater and increases its purchase
of treated surface water from SCVWD during these periods. This has the effect of "banking"
groundwater. When surface water supplies are more limited due to drought, SCVWD can and
has imposed both voluntary and mandatory reductions in amount of its treated water it delivers to
its customers including the LAS District. During periods of SCVWD supply reduction and
because of increased groundwater storage, the LAS District increases groundwater pumping to
make up the difference.
Because SCVWD recharges groundwater aquifers within its boundaries, it levies an assessment
on the production of groundwater to the utilities it supplies to cover the costs associated with this
program. During normal hydrologic periods, the groundwater pumping assessment is set so that
the cost of pumping groundwater approximately equals the cost of purchased treated surface
water from SCVWD. Because it is unknown whether "Non -Contract" water will be available
when the purchase water schedules are prepared, and because "Non -Contract" water is only
available in the months between October and April of the upcoming year, scheduling of
deliveries is set to maximize the delivery of purchased water in the summer and utilize
groundwater production capacity to its fullest during all other periods. This scheduling pattern
enables the LAS District to take advantage of the economic incentive provided by the sale of
"Non -Contract" water and in turn assist SCVWD in accomplishing the goal of groundwater
storage of surplus supplies. SCVWD has scheduling restrictions regarding the purchase of direct
deliveries. These restrictions currently limit the "Peak Day" deliveries to 180 percent of the
average day delivery, and the maximum monthly delivery cannot exceed fifteen percent of the
annual scheduled delivery.
SCVWD prepared a 2012 Water Supply and Infrastructure Master Plan (WSIP) which indicates
that the basis for its sustainable water supply strategy is to: 1) secure existing supplies and
infrastructure, 2) optimize use of existing supplies and infrastructure, and 3) increase recycling
and conservation. The WSIP states it will "secure existing supplies and facilities for
future generations". In addition, SCVWD will make more effective use of its
existing assets. It is committed to working with its retail utilities to meet Silicon Valley's future
increases in water demand through conservation and recycling. The 2012 WSIP takes into
account climate changes and reduced imported supplies and is based on the 2010 UWMPs
24
prepared by its member utilities. It is intended to be responsive to stakeholder needs and provide
adequate supplies and delivery infrastructure through 2035. Baseline water supplies are expected
to increase from the current average of about 398,000 AFY to an average of 421,000 AFY in
2035. The increase in baseline supplies is due to removal of operating restrictions on existing
reservoirs and increased non -potable water recycling. Baseline conservation savings are
projected to increase from about 53,000 AFY in 2011 to about 99,000 AFY by 2030. These
savings are expected to reduce demands on the water supply system and the need for more
capital -intensive improvements. SCVWD indicates that adequate investment in its infrastructure
system is critical to supply reliability. Some key elements of SCVWD's plan are:
1) Groundwater Recharge: new ponds will add about 3,300 AFY on average.
2) Reservoir Pipeline: A connection between Lexington Reservoir and the raw water
system will provide greater flexibility in using existing local water supplies and will
allow surface water from Lexington Reservoir to be put to beneficial use elsewhere in the
county, especially when combined with the indirect potable reuse project. In addition, the
pipeline will enable SCVWD to capture some wet -weather flows that would otherwise
flow to the Bay. The pipeline will provide an average annual yield of 1,500 AFY.
3) Imported Water Reoperations: SCVWD will re -operate its Semitropic Groundwater
Bank when it is nearly full and SCVWD water supply needs are otherwise met to sell or
exchange up to 50,000 AFY of stored water. This would create additional space in the
Semitropic Groundwater Bank for carryover of supplies during wetter years, maximize
the value of SCVWD's existing assets (imported water contracts and investment in the
Semitropic Groundwater Bank), and potentially help fund investments in infrastructure
and additional local supplies.
4) Increase Recycling and Conservation: SCVWD's supply sustainability strategy relies
upon development of indirect potable reuse to provide most of the new water supply to
meet future water needs. The WSIP assumes that at least 20,000 AFY of advanced treated
recycled water will be used for groundwater recharge by 2030. Currently, SCVWD is in
the process of accelerating the expansion of its existing Silicon Valley Advanced Water
Purification Center (SVAWPC) which has an existing production capacity of 8 mgd
(8,970 AFY) to probably 32 mgd (35,870 AFY) by mid -2020 and using the product water
for recharging groundwater aquifers for potable use.
SCVWD's retail utilities are preparing updated UWMPs in 2015. In turn, SCWVD will update its
WSIP in 2016 using retail utility updated projected demands for determining SCVWD supply
requirements. Denser redevelopment with increased water supply demand will occur within many of
the communities supplied by SCVWD. Increase in demands due to redevelopment will likely result
in additional supply requirements. How these will be met will be assessed in SCVWD's 2016 plan
update. At this time, SCVWD believes it has adequate supplies and delivery infrastructure to meet
retail utility demands as projected in all of its retail utilities 2010 UWMPs for normal, dry and
drought conditions through 2035.
LAS District Groundwater
The LAS District has 20 wells, which are currently active and operational. The wells have a
combined design capacity of 14,440 gpm, which is 20.79 million gallons per day (mgd).
25
Operated continuously at 90% of design capacity, the wells could produce 20,980 AFY. While
the LAS District has not had the need to operate its wells continuously, it has produced 650 to
750 AF in a given month or 9,000 AFY, which is only 43% of 20,980 AFY.
Maximum day demands, both current and projected, are supplied by deliveries of treated water
from SCVWD. Production records show that average day demand reached a high of 13.83 mgd
(15,504 AFY) in 2008 and has a ten-year average of 13.36 mgd, while maximum day demand
reached 28.72 mgd with a ten-year average of 24.91 mgd. These values result in an average day
to maximum day ratio of 1.86:1. The LAS District distribution system is designed to deliver
anticipated maximum day demands.
Average static groundwater elevations in the District were relatively constant after the SCVWD
began its recharge program. However, during the past 4 year drought period (from 2012 to
2015), the running average has declined about 18 feet as shown in Figure 7, which is still
significantly better than before SCVWD's recharge program. Average static water levels in 1991
were 140 feet below ground surface versus 110 feet for 2015 — a difference of 30 feet. Over the
period of record, average static levels have fluctuated due to hydrologic conditions. The
extended multi-year drought in the early 1990's reduced groundwater surplus water and caused a
40 -foot decline in static groundwater elevation. Drought recovery began in 1992, with an
increase in the average static groundwater elevation to pre -drought levels, as shown in Figure 7.
26
Figure 7: LAS District Well Level Average (Static)
The historical quantity of LAS district groundwater pumped is shown in Table 9.
`*A
DISTRICT WELL LEVEL AVERAGE (Static�
District: LOS
ALTOS SUBURBAN For All Yeirs
As Of: lllIS12015
■■■
■■■■■
■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■=■■■■■■■■■■E
■■■■■
ENK RX-R.
PM■M■■1lNM■I■
F.1.,*++
■■■■
j■J,■1����f►I�'
ftii,111
■■A■i
l■��':�J■
I ■I�■�Ilil■�r11■lii���l
lllil
!�■RIMERMAME■i■■■■■■■■■■1111'1
�11�r."�I+��
Ali■■■■■■■■■■■■■�l■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
Running Average
L
Average Static Level
The historical quantity of LAS district groundwater pumped is shown in Table 9.
`*A
Basin Boundaries and Hydrology
As described in DWR Bulletin 118 California's Groundwater, the Los Altos District is located in
the Santa Clara sub -basin of the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin. The Santa Clara sub -
basin occupies a structural trough parallel to the northwest trending Coast Ranges. The Diablo
Range bounds it on the East and the Santa Cruz Mountains form the Western border of Santa
Clara County to the groundwater divide near Morgan Hill. The dominant geo-hydrologic feature
is a large inland valley. The valley is drained to the north by tributaries to the San Francisco Bay
including Coyote Creek, the Guadalupe River, and Los Gatos Creek. Additional details of the
basin are given in DWR's Groundwater Bulletin 118; see Appendix D in the 2010 LAS UWMP.
Groundwater Management Plan
Groundwater quality and quantity in the Los Altos District are actively managed by SCVWD.
SCVWD updates its Groundwater Management Plan (GMP) periodically.
Recycled Water
Use of recycled water reduces use of SCVWD water and pumping from Cal Water wells. This
helps to increase groundwater storage and the sustainability of both supply sources. Currently, no
recycled is used in the LAS District.
Cal Water, the City of Sunnyvale, SCVWD and Apple have signed an agreement to connect the
Sunnyvale recycled water system to a new recycled pipe system to Cupertino to convey recycled
water to the Apple Campus 2 site. The plan is to construct a recycled water transmission line to
the LAS District to serve not only the Apple Campus 2 site, but also possible other sites such as
the Hamptons housing project and the Vallco Specific Plan and Project.
The SCVWD Wolfe Road Feasibility Planning Study Report (December 2014), projected that
transmission facilities will be completed and delivering recycled water by the end of 2016;
however, that schedule may not be realistic. City of Sunnyvale recycled water would be
conveyed through SCVWD transmission facilities to the LAS District's service area in
Cupertino. The proposed project may have the capacity to convey up to 1,095 AFY. Apple
Campus 2 will initially receive 176 AFY. The remaining conveyance capacity would be reserved
for future increased recycled water uses at other sites in the area.
The City of Sunnyvale operates and maintains its sewer system for residential, commercial, and
some industrial customers. Collected wastewater is discharged to trunk sewers owned and
operated by the City and conveyed to the Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant for primary,
secondary, and tertiary treatment followed by chlorination and dechlorination prior to disposal to
the San Francisco Bay. The Sunnyvale treatment plant has a treatment capacity of 29.5 mgd but
currently receives an average flow of 16.9 mgd. Under Phase 1, the plant supplies recycled
water to meet a peak demand of 2 mgd for landscaping and some industrial uses. Recycled water
is provided to City of Sunnyvale areas that are not in the LAS District service area. As part of
Phase II of the Sunnyvale's plan, facilities to supply recycled water to parks and industrial areas
located in the north part of the city near the treatment plant will be constructed.
In 2012, SCVWD constructed and currently operates an 8 mgd advanced water purification plant
28
(uses micro -filtration, reverse osmosis and ultra -violet disinfection processes) adjacent to the San
Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control plant, which provides secondary effluent as source
water. Currently, treated water is blended with treated water from the wastewater plant and is
used for non -potable irrigation. SCVWD is currently planning to expand the recycled water
treatment plant to 32 mgd and construct transmission facilities to convey treated water to
recharge basins for replenishing groundwater supply for drinking water purposes.
Capital Improvements Program
Cal Water has an ongoing capital improvements program for the LAS District. It assesses the
operational condition and useful life of all of its wells, their production output and water quality
to ensure compliance with state drinking water standards. The program includes repair,
rehabilitation, replacement and development of new wells in order to ensure a reliable production
capacity to meet 100% of average annual daily demand with sufficient reserve production
capacity in the event several large production wells are non -operational for maintenance or other
reasons. Capital improvements projects for a three year period are submitted to the CPUC for
review and approval. In its general office in San Jose, Cal Water has a large multi -disciplinary
engineering department and water quality department that works with the LAS District staff in
implementing projects and ensuring their operational readiness on a timely basis.
Supply Adequacy and Reliability Assessment
This section combines and compares previously presented information on projected demand and
supplies for the LAS District to address the question of whether its supplies are adequate and reliable
for the next 20 years for normal hydrologic conditions, one dry year and a multiple dry year period.
Note that supply always equals demand due to the fact that Cal Water can vary its groundwater
production in response to the availability of SCVWD purchased water.
Figure 8 compares annual rainfall from 1970 to 2010 (40 years) to the historic average and
shows the demand per service for each year. Water use generally increases in the first years of a
dry period, but after increased conservation efforts are implemented, demand per service
decreases.
29
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Figure 8: LAS Area Annual Rainfall and LAS District Water Demand Per Service
120% -
100% -
80% -
60% -
40% -
20% -
0% -
-20% -
-40i -
-60""-
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60%--80% -
100% -
Average Annual Rainfall Total: 15.63 inches
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2001
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2003
Multiple -Dry Water Years
2006-2009
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The statewide drought of 1984 -1992 shows in the LAS District an increase in demand per
service at the beginning of the drought period followed by decreasing demand as the drought
persisted. Water use generally increases back to pre -drought levels after the drought. The
drought from 2007-2009 shows the same pattern.
A normal hydrologic year occurred in 2001 when precipitation was approximately 2 percent
above the historic average. In 2003, rainfall was approximately 56 percent below average (6.7
inches). This is taken as the single dry year shown in Table 10. Before the recent multiple dry -
water years are based on the statewide drought between 2006 and 2009.
Annual customer demand in normal, single dry and multiple dry years is shown as overall
average demand per service for the LAS District in Table 11. Water use follows a typical pattern
where demand may decrease than slightly increase but then decreases more significantly as dry
30
Water Year Type
Base Year(s)
Normal Water Year
2001
Single -Dry Water Year
2003
Multiple -Dry Water Years
2006-2009
Annual customer demand in normal, single dry and multiple dry years is shown as overall
average demand per service for the LAS District in Table 11. Water use follows a typical pattern
where demand may decrease than slightly increase but then decreases more significantly as dry
30
years continue. Reduction in water use is the result of increased conservation efforts by water
providers and general public awareness of drought conditions and their effect on water supplies.
Table 11: LAS District
Customer
Demand Variability
— g.
Average /
Normal Water Year
Single Dry
Water Year
Multiple Dry Water Years
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
274,797
265,969
259,893
276,800
277,271
251,879
% of Normal
97%
95%
101%
101%
92%
Historically, Non -Contract water has supplied a large portion of Cal Water's total supply
requirements. However, this source is not considered a normally available supply. Non -
Contract water deliveries have a five year average of 3,368 AF, which was 22 percent of the total
supply to the Los Altos District for this period. Non -contract water will be the first source of
supply to be eliminated and acts as a buffer for a single dry year or multi-year drought.
During multiple dry years, decreased purchase water is made up by pumping stored groundwater.
Currently, active wells in the LAS District produce approximately 32 percent of their design
capacity. Any reduction in non -contract water is replaced by groundwater pumping.
According to SCVWD's UWMP, if reductions in SWP and CVP deliveries occur due to drought
events, the diversion of water to percolation ponds will be curtailed first, followed by agricultural
deliveries, and finally urban water deliveries. When this happens an increased reliance will be
put on production from stored groundwater, which increases during years of surplus surface
water deliveries. Because of this policy, SCVWD anticipates that it will be able to meet all of its
retail urban water demands by shifting supply sources even during multiple dry year periods.
Cal Water's well capacity is sufficient to accommodate reductions in treated water from
SCVWD. The LAS distribution system has the ability to meet demands under reduced deliveries
from SCVWD and increased use of Cal Water wells. LAS district groundwater supplies are not
limited during multiple dry year periods. An adequate supply to meet projected demands is
expected to be available during multiple -dry year events. During future dry periods customer
water use patterns are expected to be similar to past events.
Normal Hydrologic Year
In normal hydrologic years, Non -Contract water is expected to be available. Cal Water also
expects increases in approved SCVWD deliveries will eventually reduce availability of Non -
Contract water. According to the SCVWD 2012 WIP, LAS District projected water scheduled
delivery amounts will be available through at least 2035.
As previously indicated, the LAS district has historically pumped only a fraction of its total
annualized well capacity, leaving the balance in groundwater storage. Because of this banking
31
practice, there is an adequate supply of stored groundwater in the aquifers supplying LAS district
wells.
Total Cal Water pumped groundwater is the quantity necessary to make up the difference
between LAS District demand and SCVWD supplies — both scheduled and Non -Contract
deliveries. Hence, total supply always equals projected demand for any given year. Table 12
shows that groundwater will be reliable throughout the planning horizon of the upcoming 2015
UWMP and that no supply deficiencies are expected.
In 2040, for a normal hydrologic water year and no preceding sustained drought, the projected
SCVWD water supply is estimated to be 12,500 AF, which is 2,000 AF more than what is estimated
will be supplied 25 years earlier in 2015. If SCVWD has more surface water available for treatment,
it could provide a higher amount of Cal Water's supply as Contract Water. However, Contract Water
is not assumed here. Table 12 is a comparison of supply and demand for a normal water year.
12: Normal Hydrologic
Water Supply Sources
2010
Year: Supply
2015
and
2020
DemandTable
2025
2030
2035
2040
SCVWD Purchased Water
8,887
10,500
10,900
11,300
11,700
12,100
12,500
Groundwater Wells
3,892
3,940
4,182
4,059
3,949
3,855
3,770
Recycled Water
0
0
175
175
175
175
175
Total Supply = Demand
11,648
14,440
15,257
15,534
15,824
16,128
16,445
Single Dry Year
For a single dry year, Cal Water expects a reduction in Non -Contract water but not in firm
scheduled deliveries. Pumping restrictions in the Delta could have a greater impact on imported
supplies during a single dry year. But if any reduction in scheduled deliveries occurs, the needed
supply would come from pumping stored groundwater.
SCVWD maintains carryover storage in its reservoirs, locally stored groundwater reserves, and
has access of up to 50,000 AFY of drought supplies stored as groundwater in the Semitropic
Groundwater Bank. Although SCVWD's 2010 UWMP indicates a 5 percent shortfall in treated
water contract deliveries in 2020 and 2025, SCVWD in 2015 is accelerating its schedule for
increasing production capacity of its SVAWPC plant to 32 mgd by 2020. Therefore, with
implementation of this plant and other supply projects described SCVWD's Water Master Plan,
it is assumed that there will be sufficient additional supplies so that all urban contract deliveries
can be met during single dry years. Recycled water deliveries are not expected to be affected by
a single dry year. If purchased water deliveries are reduced, groundwater pumped from Cal
Water wells will provide the necessary supply to meet single dry year demand.
Based on the data in Table 11, LAS District demand for a single -dry year would be 97% of a
normal hydrologic year demand. Cal Water has also observed in other one-year dry periods that
demand has increased above normal hydrologic year demand. In light of this uncertainty,
demand during one dry year is treated here as the same as for normal hydrologic conditions.
32
Therefore, demand and supply for a single dry year are the same as for a normal hydrologic year
as shown in Table 13.
Table 13: One Dry Year:
Supply Demand
Water Supply Sources 2010
2015 2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
SCVWD Purchased Water 8,887
10,500 10,900
11,300
11,700
12,100
12,500
Groundwater Wells 3,892
3,940 4,182
4,059
3,949
3,855
3,770
Recycled Water 0
0 175
175
175
175
175
Total Supply = Demand 11,648
14,440 15,257
15,534
15,824
16,128
16,445
Multiple Dry Year Period
SCVWD gives highest priority to delivery of Contract water to urban water retailers and
indicates it will be deliver 100% of its contracted supply obligations even during multiple dry
year periods after additional supply projects are implemented in 2025. During drought periods,
SCVWD will eliminate deliveries of Non -Contract water. If drought conditions are severe
enough, SCVWD will reduce or eliminate surface water recharging to aquifers within its service
area. If further reductions are necessary, deliveries to agricultural customers will be reduced or
eliminated. Deliveries to SCVWD urban water retailers are the last to be affected by drought
conditions. Based on SCVWD supplies and policies, Cal Water expects that 100% of Contract
water will be delivered to the LAS District during a multiple dry year period in 2030, 2035 and
2040. Cal Water will continue pump its LAS District wells so that there will be no reduction in
total supply available to meet water demands.
Modeling results reported in SCVWD's 2010 UWMP uses the 6 year period from 1987-1992 as
the baseline for future multiple dry year periods. Results indicate that supplies would be 100%
reliable through the first three years of a similar dry year period. In the fourth year there is a
maximum shortfall of 10% in 2035. For years 5 and 6, the projected shortfall in supply ranges
between 10% and 20%. As recommended in DWR's UWMP guidance document, Cal Water's
multiple dry year supply and demand comparison is based on the first three years of a multiple
dry year period. For the fourth year, reduction of 10% in Contract water delivery is assumed and
the difference will either be made up by inducing more customer demand reduction through
intensified water conservation measures and/or pumping more groundwater from LAS district
wells. Recycled water deliveries are expected to remain unchanged since the quantity of
wastewater generated significantly exceeds the quantity of recycled water produced. Therefore,
Cal Water believes its supplies are 100% reliable during multiple dry year periods through at
least 2035.
In Table 14, 100% of normal supply of Contract Water is expected from 2020 through 2035 for
the first three years of a multiple dry year period. This assumes that reservoir carryover storage
in SWP, CVP, and local systems is average prior to the drought. At the beginning of a prolonged
drought period, it is also assumed that there are adequate quantities of groundwater stored in the
aquifers that are pumped.
33
Cal Water also assumes that in future multiple dry year periods, SCVWD might ask for
voluntary reductions in requested supply from 10% to 20%. The magnitude of reductions
requested could increase depending on the degree and duration of the drought. SCVWD
considers its groundwater and imported supplies as one source and does not distinguish between
water sources when asking for demand reductions from its retail utilities. As a result, retail
utilities would be asked to reduce total demand, not just imported water use. Cal Water expects
that its LAS District customers will be able to achieve requested reductions in water use. In the
LAS District, total annual water use per customer is expected to be lower than in previous dry
year periods due to the greater investment in water conservation programs that are being
implemented. As seen in 2015, the most recent drought year, the response by Cal Water
customers in reducing water use has been significantly greater than anticipated based on past
droughts due to improved water conservation plans, more effective communications on the need
to reduce water use and a statewide directive for urban water use reduction from the Governor.
Table 14 compares demand to supply for a 4 year multiple dry year period. For the first three
years, it is conservatively assumed that demand remains unchanged from a normal hydrologic
year and that in the fourth year, demand decreases by 20% and the delivery of SCWVD Contract
water is reduced by 20%. For all four years, total supply is projected to meet 100% of resultant
demand. It is noted that even if demand did not decrease by 20% in year 4 and SCVWD supply
was reduced by 20%, the increased groundwater supplied in 2040 would be 6,270 AF, which can
be pumped by the LAS District by operating its wells for longer periods.
Table 14: Multiple
Dry Year Period - Years): Supply
and Demand Comparison
2015 M
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Total Demand:
Years 1 - 3
14,440
15,257
15,534
15,824
16,128
16,445
SCVWD
Purchased
10,500
10,900
11,300
11,700
12,100
12,500
Recycled Water
0
175
175
175
175
175
Cal Water Wells
3,940
4,182
4,059
3,949
3,853
3,770
Total Supply
14,440
15,257
15,534
15,824
16,128
16,445
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Demand:
Year 4
12,206
12,427
12,659
12,902
13,156
SCVWD
Purchased
8,720
9,040
9,360
9,680
10,000
Recycled Water
175
175
175
175
175
Cal Water Wells
3,311
3,212
3,124
3,047
2,981
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
CLIMATE CHANGE
Cal Water prepared a Climate Assessment Report in 2013 that evaluates potential effects of
climate change on the water supplies of its 24 service areas in California. The report identifies
adaptation measures that Cal Water may take to address potential decreases in supply quantities
or negative changes in source water quality. DWR's Guidebook to Assist Water Suppliers to
Prepare a 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, lists topics examined in Cal Water's Climate
Assessment Report.
Adaptation measures are essentially designed to ensure that projected future supplies are reliable
despite adverse changes in existing supply quantity and quality due to climate change. For
example, snow in the Sierra Nevada provides 65 percent of California's water supply. Some
predictions are that by 2050 the annual Sierra Nevada snow pack will be significantly reduced.
Much of the lost snow will be in the form of rain, which will run off during winter and early
spring and not be available to be stored as supplies for use during summer. Change in water
runoff may significantly reduce groundwater recharge in the Central Valley increasing demands
on surface water.
DWR continues to work on identifying potential climate change effects on water supplies, water
demand, sea level, and occurrence and severity of weather events. Some potential changes are
summarized below:
• Water demand: more hot days and nights and a longer irrigation season will increase
agricultural and urban irrigation needs; power plants and industrial processes will have
increased cooling water needs.
• Water supply and quality: increased potential for algal bloom and surface and groundwater
chemistry changes; increased potential for seawater intrusion into surface and groundwaters
due to elevated seawater levels and more powerful storm surges.
• Extreme weather events are expected to become more frequent as climate variability
increases, resulting in a higher frequency of more extreme droughts and floods.
WSA SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Based on:
■ Adequacy of existing and planned supplies from SCVWD and LAS District groundwater,
■ Cal Water's ongoing capital improvements program to maintain existing groundwater
production capacity and construct new wells to increase well production capacity,
■ Existing Agreements and plans to continue to purchase SCVWD Non -Contract water
whenever it is made available and increase basin groundwater storage for use during drought
periods,
■ In-place, ongoing and planned expanded water conservation programs and best management
practices for reducing demand during normal hydrologic years, single dry year and multiple
dry years in compliance with SBx7-7, CPUC and MOU requirements,
■ Cal Water's historic proven success in obtaining increased reductions in water use during
multiple dry years by implementing its demand reduction program, and
■ Over 88 years of experience in continuously providing an adequate supply to meet demands
during normal, single and multiple dry years in the LAS District,
Cal Water concludes that for the next 20 years (2015 — 2035), the LAS District will have adequate
35
water supplies to meet projected demands of the proposed Vallco Project and those of all existing
customers and other anticipated future customers for normal, single dry year and multiple dry year
conditions.
References
1. California Water Service Company "Urban Water Management Plan LAS District"
Adopted June 2011, 949 B Street, Los Altos, CA 94024
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp/rd/
2. Santa Clara Valley Water District "2012 Water Supply and Infrastructure Master Plan"
October 2012
3. Santa Clara Valley Water District "Wolfe Road Facilities Planning Study Report'
December 2014
36