MCA-2015-01b - Medicinal Marijuana Ordinance � ��
OIZI�II�A�I�E �TOo 16a�140
A.IlT OIZI�INA.NCE OF 'TI-iE CI'�'Y CO�Jl�CIL OF T�-IE CI'I'Y OF C�TPEI�'TINO
Al�/IEI�TDING SEC'I'ION 19o��a030 Al�T A �ING C AP'TE 1909� OF'TI'I'LE 19 OF �
T' E CIJPEItTIl�O UNICIPI�L C E IZEGA. DING I�/IE ICAL AIZIJLJANA
ISPENSA.IZIES,ll�IAIZIJ�JA�TA CLJLTIZT�ITION FACILITIES, CO _ EI�CIAL
CAI�I�A�IS ACT'IVITIES,A�T ° l�E ICAL 1VIAIZIJZJANA ELIVE IES
vV E EAS, �.n �970, Con��°es� en�cted the Cor�.t�ollecl 5ub�tan�es Act (C�A)
�rhlch, �Yl�OYt� O��l�� �11:i�.�S, TYl���� l.� 111���1 �O,l.YYlpO�°�, rn�.u�acture, d�st�°ibu�e, posse��
or u�e m.ar�.ju�na ir,.�tk��IJr�.ited �tate�e, �a.d
�V E EAS, in ��7�,-Califorrti.�. adclecl Chapter b to the state �Jri�.forrn Con-tr�lled
Substan��s A��, commencin� at Health and 5afety Cod.e sect�on ��350, which.
established the st�t�`s p�°ohibition, penalties, and pun�shmen�s for �h� possession,
�ult�vat�..�n, transporta�on, ��IC�L �l.St�l�tltl.OYl Of�Yl��°1�1A�Y1�, �Y�Cl
W E EAS, in �.�96, th.e voters of �h.e �tat� of Cal�fo�°nia approvecl �roposi�.on
215 (tl�e "��JA;'" �ealth.�nc1 �afety (H�5) C�cle'�ection��3��05 ��seqe); and
yV EREAS, C�l:�fo�°nia co�rts h�ve h�lcl that the��JA �re��ed a l�.rn�t�d.ex�eption
fro����rg�:�.na��iab�:li�r fo� seriou�ly ill pe�°�ons v�Tho ar��.n neecl of m�dical marijuana�or
S��Cl.�1�C1 YYl���:C�l �lX�°�OS�S �.� �NT�lO 0���1T1 �Yla. l�.S� �Yl��l��l fl�.��°].�U.�� UYl���° �.].1�.1:��C�,
specified �ir�urristanc�s, ar,.d
yVI�EIZEA.S, On Jantxa�y 1, 2004, th.e state ���isla�,ire enacted °'Meclical
I�ari�uana Program" (MM�), cod.�fi�cl as I�ealth and`5af�ty C�de sect�on� ��362e7 to
�1362e�3, �o clarify th.e scope of �he CLJ1�, �stablish a voluntary pro�ram for
. l.��Y�$��I.C�.$].01'� ���°�� 1S�1,1�'� �� �OU.TI$1�� f0�° �t��llfl�� ��tl.�Tl�S �Yl� ��I.�Y1:�Y°�r �����1�T�Y°S,
and provide cr�rninal ir.n.munif� to qualified pat�ents and primary �a����.vers fo�° ce�ta�n
' ac�:vit�es �.nvolv�n� m�c�.ical ma�°ijuana, includin� `�l�e �oll�c�.ve or cooperative
cta.ltivati�n of inecli�al marijuar�a, and
vV EIZEAS, the California�uprem.e �ourt rul�d unanimously in City of Iziverside
v. Inlartd Empire Patients I�ealth and Tillellness Center, Ircco (2013) 56 Calo�th: 729, that th.e
��JA and th.e MMP do not preem.pt local o�°dinances tha� �om.pletely and permanently
��.Yl Y11��1��I.�11..��°l,l��l� C�1S���S��°1�S, �ollectives, and c��peratives; �rr�.:d
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Ordiriance IVo. 16-2140
Page 2
vVI�EIZEAS, in �Iaral v. City of Live Oak (2013) 221 CaleA.ppa4th 975, �he '�'h.ird
Distri�t Cotx�°t of Appe�l h.eld, basec� on Inland Ernpire, th.at tl�ere vvas no �i�h:t to
�u,l�ivate m.ed�.�al mar�.juana and. that a �ity coulcl irn.plernent and enforce a complete
ban on this act�v��, �ncl�.din�a ban on pex°sonal cultivation; and
E EAS, �n Octobe�° 9, 20��, Gov�rnor �rovvn si�r�.ed A�sembly�ills 243 and
266 �nd Senate �ill 6�3, �nrhi�� taken to��f�er �reate a broad �tate �°e�ulato�y and
li�ens�n� �y�tem. �overr�n� the ct�..ltiva�.on, tes�.n�, and dist�ibu�on of rYiedical
m.�x°bj�xana, t�l� Y�1�11.1�.f����'1I1�'O� 1�1�Y°1J1�.��.1.� �Y°OC�.t�:CtS, ��1C�. ��t37�].Cl�� ���0�31..1�.1.�1�C��t10Y1S
f0� 1�1�C�1.C�1 Ygl�Y°l.�U.�11�, �11� ��O�T1C�.� I.YYl�l�1�i1�7 tp YY]'1��°1�t1�Y1� �lAS1Yl�SS�S O�J����1�� �T1.��1
both a state li�eri.se and a local pe�rnit; and .
EIZEAS, vv�le the ne�nr l��i�lation expressly preserves local cont�ol over
rn.ecl�cal m.ar�juan�. facil�.�.es and lancl u�es, incl�.din� th:e autho�i� to prol�bit all
meclical m.a�ijuana busin�sse� ancl cultiva�on corr�pletely, ne�rly-�dd�d�ealth. ��afety
Code �ect�on �1362o777(c)�4) prov�:des th.at if a c�.t�r do�� not hav� a land use re�txlation
or o�clinan�e �°e�ulaf�n�. o� prohibi�:rr�..� ;rr�arijuana '�ultivation, eith.e� �xp�°es�ly or
otherwise ta.nder pr�.nciples of pe�°missi�e zorun�, o� ch.00ses not �o aclminister a
_
conclitionai pe�°rn�t pr���°a�. uncler that sec�.on, ther�:: �ommencin� �a�ch. 1,:20�6, th.e
state Dey���tment of �ood and: A���ct�.l�re �rrill become the sole lic�nsin� autho�ity fo�°
�arijuana�ul�.vation in that�uris�.�.ct�on; an� .
�V EIZEAS, under ne�Tly-adcled�usgne�s ancl Profe�sions �od.e sect�.on �:9340�a),
l.f � �I.�T �T�11tS �O ��°��T��1� 111.��1C�1 %Yt��°1�11�.Y1� C��11�T��°l.�S �T1t�11.I1 1.�5 �1�.�°1S�1.C�10�i., lt �Ylt1St
aciopt an ordinar,.�e �xpre�sly p�oh.ibitin�them.; and
yV E 'EAS, m:edi�al 1"Y1.��1,11�Y1� �1�.�11��SS�S, �1SpE'�.S��1�S, Cl�l�1�T�.t10Y1 �Ct1�T1�].�5,
�:n� deliv��°ies are not 11ste� i� the Zonin� �ocle as either permit�ed or concl�t�onally-
_
perrn�tted land uses and are, the�°efo�e, proh�.b�.-ted under t11.� Ci�r'� pe�°�.is�ive zorun�
p�°ov�sion�, as �et f�rt�i. �.n Ml..�Yl1.C1��I CO�� S�C�1��lS ;�.90040030 and �.900�0050 (City of
Corana v. IVaulls (200�) �66 CaloAppe9��4��; �31-�33�o ancl
: WI�E EAS, t�� C1�T CO�L1..li.C11 �l�.S C�����°1�111�C1 $}11.�.$ �?C�%°��S �/I�.ni�ipal Code
prov�.sgon r��ardin� m.edical rn.ari�t�.ana di�pensari�s, m.ari�uana cult�va�ion fa�ilities,
cornme�°cial cax�ab�� a��:vitie�, ancl med��al m.ari�uana deliveries �rill:b�nefit the p�:b1��
by p�ov��lin� �lea� �ui�lelines �e�ardin� th.e sc�pe of prohibi�ed ��ndu�t and m�nlmize
�1��potent�al for�on�u�ion re�ard�n�th.e C�ty'�poli��:e�, and. ,,
VV EI�EAS, xi��ny �a:l�.fo�n�.a �ornmuni-�e� have expe��.en��d adve�se i�ipacts
and ne�a�ve se�ondary �f�e�ts frorn. m.ecli�al m.a�ijuana �sta�blishments ai1.d. cultiva�.o�: ,
i, .
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Ordinance 1Vo. 16-2140
Page 3
si��s, includin� hazardous construction, unsafe elect�°1�a1 wirin�, noxious odors ancl
furnes affec�.n� nei�hbor�n� properties ancl businesses, i�crease� c�°i�r,.� in and around
such land use�, �1�� t�� �1�T��S101'�O��11i.�CilC�I YYl��°1�U.�Y�.��0�lY���°S; and.
E EAS, th:e�e �s ���n�.ficant �viclence t1�at med.ic�.l r.n.ar�.juana clelive�y
��rvi�e� �re �lso tar�et� of violent c�°ime an� po�e a d�i�er�o th.�publi�, and.,
E EASo a Califorr�.� Polic� Ch.�.efs Assoc�at�oi�: �ompil��on of poli�� r�port�,
_ n��rs �tori�s, and �t�tis�.ca1 resea�°ch. re�ardin� c�im.es �nvolvin� rneclical ma�ijt�.�.a
bus�n�sses and th.e�.r seconclaxy iri�pa�ts or�:: the �o�.rn:ta.n�:� �s contained in a 2009 �rhit�
pape�° repo�°t �rh.i�h is attachecl to th:e staff re�ort present�d to th.� Ci�y Counc�.l for
pu�pos�� of its ana�.y��s of crim.e an�1 s�conda�°y impacts and on f�le �T�.th.th.e C��r �1��°lco
and
,vV�IEIZEA:S, t�e Santa �lara County��.s�ric�A-ttor��y`� Of�1C� I:S�l�.�C� � M�37 �0�:�
rn.em.oranclurn. enti�led °'Issues 5u��o�ncl�ri� Ma��juana in San�a �l�:ra Coun�," �nrh.i�h.
�
ou�I�.ned. many of the ne���ve se�ondary effe�ts re�ult�n�frorn m.arijuana cultiva�.on; a
copy of -�l�is m.emoranclurn �� :a�tached.:to th.e staff repor� presen-�ed to th.e City Coun��:l
_ _
�rit�t1�.s ordinan�e �nd on f�le�rith the City�lerk, and
;
_
vV�-IEIZEAS, the staff repo�� :present�cl to .th.e Cit�r Council �:dent�f�es o�her
ne�ative i�pact�f�°orn:ta.nre�ula�ed mar°ijuana which.a�°�inco�°pox°atecl h:e�°e�.n; and
Vv E EA.S, it �s reasonabl� to �onclucle t,hat 'm.eclical mar°ijuana di�p�nsaries,
m.ax°ijuar,.a �ultiva�.or�. facill.tt�..es, COY�lYYl��'Cl�l C��1�'1.��1.5 ��t1�T1��S, �11.� IYl��1C�1 YYl��'gJll�fl'1.�
delive���s coul�. �aus� �im.�.�.a� adverse i�pa�ts or,. the �ublic heal-�., saf��, and vvelfar�
in Cup��tin�; and
W�IEIZEAS, in order to protect the �ubl�:�`�ealth, safety, and welfa�°e, the �i�r
Coun�gl des�:res �o add Cupex°tino Municipal Cod� Chapter �909� �o prohib�.t, in express
,
terms, rneclical m.ari�uana cl��pen�ar�.es, rnari�uana cultivat�on f ac�li�:es, �omme�cial
ca�abis a�tivi�es, and m�d.i�al ma�°ijuana deliveri�so and
_ EIZEAS, th�State �°��ulation and licens�n� as conternplated in Assernbly��.11�
243 a�.d 266 and 5�r�.at��ill 643 h.ave not yet taken effe�t nor been irn.plern�nte�1, and th�
Ci-�:yy�oun�il d�si�es to pre�e�ve lo�al�ontrol over�hese u�e�; and.
vV E EAS, �'h.� �1�T COtl.11t..�l.l Of th.� C1�T Of Cl����°tll'l� 1.� $�11.� ��CflS101"�-1���lYl� :
,
bocly fo�th.is �x°cl�nan�e, and
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Ordinance�To. 16-2140
Page 4
vVI�E1ZEAS� ��� ��°O�OS�Cl O�Cil.%l:�C� 1S 1�.�� � proje�t �aritl�n �he m.e�n� of
section �.537� of the �Cal�fornia Env�r°onrr��nta1 Quality 1��� ("C�Q1�`°) Guidelines
because it has no po�ent�al for result�n� in physical chan�e in �he envgror�rn.�nt, e�.t:h.er
d�.re�t�y or txlt��.atelyo �n th.e event th.a� -th�� Ordinanc� i� found to b� � project undex° _
��QA, �t �� subj��t to the CE�A ��C�YYt�tlO�t �OYI�'�1.Yl�C� lYl C�QA �1.1.Y��IlY�I�S S�Ct101�
�.506�.(b)(3) because i� can be �een �nri� cert�nf� t� h.av� n� possi�b�:l�.� of a.si�nificant
effect�n the�rivir°onrx�ento
T�V�IEIZEAS, t1�e Cit�r Counci� has revi��r�d and �onsid�re�1 th.e not a projec-t and
�xernption detex°m�nation �xndex° th.� Califor�a Environmen-�al Quality Ac� pr��r to
t�kin� �ny ap�roval action��n this Orc�inanc�and approves s�.ch clete�rn.in�.�.or�.s; and
1�0 � T'�IE EF E, T E CITY COUNCIL F 'T E CITl' OF C�JPEIZT'II�O
1�OES �IEIZE�Y ORI�AII�T A5 FOLLOWSo
SECTIOI�T 1a Cuper�no �1ltxri.icipal Code sect�.on �.9e0�e030C of�hapter�.900� of�'itle �9
�.s am.�ndecl by�dciin�t1�e follovvin� d.�finit�ons placed into alphab�tical ordero
"�011Y1YYl��°C1.�1 ��Yl�.��l.� �Ct1�Tl�rr S��II �A�.V� ��1� 1�1���11�:� S�t �O�$�1 111 C�I]:�OY°�11.� �U.Sl%��SS
ancl�rofessions �ode s�ct�..on �9300e5(k)o
„�ultivat�.on,' mean� any a��.vity involv�:n� the plantir��, �rovvir�.�, h.a�°vestin�, dryin�,
curing, �radir��, o�° trim.rr�in�of m.a��.�uanaa
SEC'TION �o �upe�t�no Mt�rru�ipal�ode s��ti�n �:9o0�a030� of Chapte�° 1900� of�'�tle �9
�s am.encled by acldin�the follovv�.n�def��if�on placed into alphabe�.cal orclero
°'�dentificat�on Ca�d.°° shall have �he �arn.e m.earun� as s�t fo�th: in st�te law, �.nclud.in�
�eal�h. and. 5afe�r Cocle �e�tions 11352e5, ��.36�e7, and. follo�r�n�, or as ri�.ay be
amendedo
SEC'I'ION�e Cu�er�no Municipal Code �ec�.on �9o0�a030�/I of Chap�er ��00� of Title �9
is am.end�d by add�r�..�the follo�niin�definit��ns placecl into alphabe�.cal�rde�a
��Marijuana°' r.r�.�an� a11 part� of th.e plar�t Car�raa�bis, �nrhethe�° �rowing o�° n,�t; �h.e seeds
th���of; the . resin ext�°actecl fx°orn any p�.�t of the plant; arl.d ev��y �ompouncl
manu�a��re, �alt, d.erivative, m�xt�.�.�e, or p�eparation �f th� pl�.�, 1tS S���S O� �°�Sl.�la �t
�.ncl�cles ma��j�:ana infused �n food��a.ff, and co�.centrat�d c��.abis and the sepa�°ated
�'�S1Ylo �Th.���.�� �Y'UCl� �� ����I:�I.�C�, obta�.n�d f�orn ma�ijuanao �t �oes not include �he
mattx�°e st�.lks of th� plant, fiber procluced ��or.ra. �he stalks, o�l o�° �ak� rn�cle frorrt the
�
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Ordinance IVo. 16=2140
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seeds o� th� plar�.t, ar�.y ��ier cornpourl.cl, m:antxfac�txr�, salt, ��rivat�ve, rnix�ir�, ��°
prepara�.on of�h:e rna�re stallcs (ex�ept re�ir� ex�°acted theref�°ox�.), fibe�°, �il, or calc�, or
the st�rilized �eeds of the pl�nt that are incapable of��rminat�ono
°'Medical mar�.juana"` �s rna�°i�uana �.sed fo�:m�di�al purpos�s �rhere th.at m.edical use is
�ee�ned appx°o�rflat� and has �b�en �°e�ornm�nded. by a physi�ian �rho has d�tergr�.inecl
tha� the per�or�.'s he�1tr� vvot�.ld ben�f�t fx°om th.e u�e of rnarijuana in th.� t�eatrn�nt of
a�qu�reci iminune def�ciency sync�ror.�.e (",1���5"), ano�°�xia, arthr��s, �ar�.c�r, �hro�c
pa�n, �1au�om.a, mi��°aine, �pa�tici�y, or any oth.e�° se�°ious m.edical �on��t�on for �nr�i�h.
rna�ijuana �.s cleer��d to p�°ovide reli�f �s defined �ri s�.bsect�on (h.� of �ealth and �afety
Coc1e § �.�362070 :
„M�.r�juana cult�.va�on -fa��.lity" rneans ar�.y busin�s�, fa�ili�, u��, �stab�.isl�ent,
��°opert�r, o�° loca�i�n �rhere th.e �ultivation, �f rnarijuana occu�°so 1� 's�1�I°1JU.�.Yl:�
cultiv��:on fac�Y��„ cloes not incluc�e a ,�qual�f�.ecl pat�ent'�" prim.a�°y �°e��dence provicled
su�h�ult�vat�..on of rn:edical marijuana is for his or°her personal u�ee
"Medical mari�uana dispensa�°y�� YYI.���115 ��.� �l1S�Yl�S�, ���1.11�, u��o ��tabl�.shment,
p�oper�, o� 1o�at��n, wheth.er �ixed o�° mobile, vvh:e�°e med�cal �.a�°ijuana is solcl; m:ade
. a�railab�.e, d�l°iv��°ed, transported, an�/or di�t�ibut�cle A ��medycal m.ar�.juana dyspensary��
does not�.nclude t�i�followin�u�e�e
_ ao 1� ,�quaiifiecl patien�'° tran�po�t�n� °°rr�.edi�al ma�°ijuana`° f�r his or he� p�rsonal
�x�e�
�bo A "���1�1�I°�T �����1�I�g°°� ��Ib�T�2'111.� 01° t��11S�O��l.Yl:� 'e1��C�fl��Y fl�1.�Y°1�U.�11.�" �� �
es�1.�.�11�1�C���t1.�11torr
ca 1� �lin�� licens�d pursuant t� Chapte�° 1 of �ivi�ion 2 of the �][ealth. ancl 5�fety
Codeo
clo A health. c��°e facil�.t�r licer�s�d pursuan� t� C1�a�t�r 2 of Division 2 of th.e �1[ealth:
a�.d 5af���od:e;
eo A: ��s�den�al` care facilgty f�r per�ons vvith chronic 1i�e-t�.�°eater�n� �llness
li�ens�d pur�uant-to Chapter 300� of Divis�on 2 of the�e�l�h and �af�ty Cod�,
fa A res�.dential �a�� facili�r fo�° th� elcl�x°1y licens�d pursuant �o Chap-�er 302 of
I�i�sion 2 0�the�ealth anct Safe�Code,o�°
�o A resY.dential hospice, or a ho�.e h.ealth a�ency licensed pu�suant to �hapt�r � of
I�ivi��on 2 of th.e I�ealth.ar,:d�afe�tyy�ocleo
� SECTIOI�T�m �up��tix�o I�un�.c�.pa� Code se�t��n 1900�0030]� of Chapt�r �9°0� �f'�'�tl� 1�
,
i� arrtended by addin�the foll�win�clefini�.on placed int�alphabe�.c�l orclero
�
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Qrdinance No. 16-2140
Page 6
„Pr�m.ary �ar��iv��" shall hav� -the �ame rneanin� as se-t fo�th i� �t�t� la�r, includin�
��al-�I� and. ��f�t�r C�d� �e��ons 11352a5, ��362e�, an� follo�nrin�, o�° as �r�:ay be
�m.�ri.dedo
SEC'TIOI�50 ��Ll.�JJ�Y°�g10 M�L�.Yl1�].��I���� 5���101'1.�:900�o030Q of Chap�ex° 19a0� of��tle 1�
is arnended by acld�n�th.�follovv�n� c1ef�.rr�..ition:placed. �.r�.to aYphabe�cal o�de�o
'°�ualified pat�ent" �hall h.av� the �am.e m.earun� as se� for�h in �ta�e 1aw, includin�
�I��l�h ancl �af�ty Code �ec�.on� 1�.35�05, ��36207, and follovv�n�, o� as rnay be
amend�do :
SECT'IO1� 60 �'1�1� �.9 Of ��� ��L�9.rJ��°�].110 I�t�1�1C1.��1 COC�� I.S �1.��°��� �%g1�Y1��C� �O �.��
C�apt�r 19a9� to:b�nurnbe�°ed, entitled, an�l t� reacl. as follo�v�e
�HA�'I'��.Z 1909� Med�.cal I�ar�.juana :
�.9e9�o0�0 Purpose
�9e��o020 Proh.ib�.�ons
_
19a9�o030 Enfo�cerr�ent
��o9�a0�0 �u�po�eo '�'he pur�ose aric� �:ntent of th.is s��t�on 1S t0 �Y°O�i.��l� 111��1C�1
rnar�juana disper�.sa�ie�, rn.a�ijuana �ultiva��n facilit�es, rn��ii�al m.arijt�ana d.el�.ver�.es,
and �om.rn.�r��a1 ��.r�.r�.abi� a�ta.vi�e�, as defin�d in Chapter �.900�, ��f1Y11�1011.5, VV1�Y�1� t��
ci� l�rrtit�o �t�s reco�r�.ized th.at it is a Federal violation und.�r th.e Controlled �ubstan�es
A�t to pos�ess or cl�.str�bute rn.arij�ana even if for meclic�l p�rposeso Acldgtionally, th.e�e
�� �viden�e of �n. incr�ased in�ider�.�e of crirn.e-r�latec�. �econdary lmpacts irr�:: Io�at�ons
_ asso�i�te�: w�:th ma�°iju�na �ultivat�on fa�ilities and medical m.ariju�na dispensa�°�.es a.r�d
�.n co�e����n`�rith'm.�dical m�rijuana del�v�ries, �rhi�h �s detrim.�nt�l to th� pubYic°�
healtl�, �afet�r, and vvelfareo �he �tate �f Califo�°nia°s l�.c�nsin� and �e�ulat�on as
_ conterriplated by Assem.bly �ill� 243 and 266 and. �enate �il� 6�43 have not ye-� talcen
�ffect nor been im.plement�d, ancl the City Council cl�sires to preserve l�cal control ov�r
��11�5� l�.S�S ��C� �C$1�I].t1�Sa �TOt�il.Yl�lIl��115 C�l��t��1S lYlt�Y1��C� t0 C1Y°�l1YYl�T�Y�� CO%I1.�1].�1�C�
�rith state la�ro
19o9�e020 �rohibit�onso :
(a) �'h.e folY�vvin�are prohibitedo
�
: ;
�. i l rn.ari°uana cli� en�ar�es i�. al1 zone� in the ci ancl sha11 not be I
� � Med �a , p �r
�,
�5���11S��C� O�0����$�C� �1��T�T�l���'l.Il.��� C1$�Te i
, :
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Ordinance IVo.16-2140
Page 7
(2) Ma�ijuana cult�vation facil�ties in all z�nes in th� �ity and s1�a11 �.ot be
��tabl�sl��d or�perat�d an�rhere in the cityo
�3) �omrnercial ca�.abis activi�.es �.n all zo�.es in the �i�r ar�d shall r�.ot b�
e�tablished o�operat�d ar�.yvvh�re in th.e �itye
(b) I�To pe�son sha11 o�orn, esta�bli�Ii., �pen, ope�°at�, concluct, or mana�e a rnedical
m�.riju�na d�sp�n�ax°y, 1��.Y°l�l�.c�111�. C1,11�1�T�.t10%i��C1I.1�T, O�° COrL1.1Y1.��°C1�1 C�1�1���1.S �C�1�T1�
in �e ci�r, or be the l�sso�° o� property vvh�re a rn:edg�al rnar��u�na dispensary,
�ariju�r�a �ult�:vat�on facil�.�r, or comrn.e�cial car�ria�b�s activi�y is locatedo IiTo pe�son
�hal1 pa�°tt�..c�pa�e as a�. e�ployee, ��nt�°acto�°, a��nt, volunteer, or �n ar�:y m.ar�e�° o�°
��pa��t� �n any m.ed�.cal rnar�jt�.ana d��pensary, m.a�°ijuana �ult�v��.on facil�ty, or
comm�r�ial cartrl.abis �c�vi�in the cityo .
(�) No Perm:its, ��adin� per°rni�, buil�in� perrrt��, bu�ld°in� pYans, z�n� �h.an�e,
btx�iness lic�r���, cer�fi��te of occt�pan�y o� oth�r appli�able approval vvill be
accep�ed, �ev�:e�red, approved or issued for the �stabli�l�ment o�° op�rat�on of a
�1.��1�1��ri� Cl�.It1V��101� ��C111�T; �ed�cal m.a�°ijuana cl�sper�.:sary, ox° com:m.e�c�.al
��1111.�b1S ��t1�T1$�Te
(d) l�Tothin� contained in th:is se�tion sl�all be cleemecl: to p�rm�t or auth.o�°ize any
u�e o�°act�v�.t3r�rh�.ch.�.s otl�ex°�nrise prohibited by a.n.y state or fecle�°al la�re
19e��o030 �rr�.fo�cem:ento ��� C1� 1���7 �Y1.�0�°C� t�.1.S S�Ct101� �.�t �11.�T TYl����° �JJ��°IYll.�t�� ��T
'
l�we '�'he v�ol��on of t�s Chapt�r �hall �be and: is l:i.ereby �e�lar�d �o be a public _
nuisarr�..�e anc� sh.a11,.a� the discre�on of th.e ci�, cr°eate a c�use of act�on for injun�tiv�
reli�f.
SECTIOl� 7a FI�I�II�GSe The follovvin� find.�n�� are m.acle unde� �upe��.no
�t�.YL1C1�J�l �0�� S�C�l�ll. �9o152a030(D)o
�1) �he proposed �rdinance �onfo�ms vvith the latest adopted �eneral plan fo�° the
_
Cit�r in tha� a prol�b�t��n a�a�n�t m;a�ijuana ct�l�.vat�.on fa�ili�es, meclical marijtxana
d�.�pensa�°�e�, �o�im��°��.al car�ab�s �c�vif�e�, an.cl. m.ed.�.cal rnar�juana delivery
se�°vi�es does not �onfli�t �rith: any aYlo�rable uses yn the lan� use elernent and does
not conflic��ivith any poli�ies or pro�rar�l.s in any otl�e� ele�i.ent of th.e �er�eral plano
(2� '�'h.e p�oposed. Ox°dinan�e �rrill pY°otect the public h�altho safety, and welfare anc�
p�°orr�o-te th.e orde�°1y cleveloprnen� of t�l� Cl.� 1�. ��l�t �Y'��l.l.�ltfl�.� 1���°l�1��1'1�
�
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Ordinance IVo. 16-2140
Page� -
�ult�va�.on f�cilit�es, meclical rnax°ijuana dispensari�s, c�mme��ial car�abis a�t�.vities,
and m.edical m.ar�juana clel�very se�vices �rill prote�t the C��y fror.n the advex°se _
11Yl��CtS �Y1Cl 11���$1�T� S��OIlC���37�ff�CtS COYIT��Ct�C��hTl.���'�.��� ���.�Z1�1�Se
(3� The ��°�rJOS�� O�°�I.1��rlC� 1S �011S1S$��� �/Vl:t�l �/I�4.�11I.C1�3�1 COC�.� Tltl� 19, �rhich.
currently bans 1�.1.��'I��,1�T1� CU.It1�T�.t1.011 `��C111$1�5, 1:Y1.�C�1��1 l�t�:�°l.�t,l��.� C�I.S��Il��.�°�.�5,
_ cornme�cial car�ab�.s activit�e�, an� m.ed�cal ma�°i�uana delivery se�v°ices under
�r�nciples of perm.issive zonin�e
(�) �he p�°opo��d Orclgnan�� is �ot a p�oject �r�.th.� the m.�an�n� of sec�ion �537� of
the Ca1�fo�°nia �nv�.ronmental:Quali�r Act ("CEQA°') G�.iclelines be�ause �-t ha� no
poten�:a1 fo�° r�st�.l�n�; �n phy�ical �h.��e` in the environrnent, �ither c�irectly ox°
ultim.�.t�lye �n the ev�r,:t ��at th:is O�dinari�e is found to �b� a proje��und�r �EQA, �t
is subje�-t to the CEQA exern.p�:on containecl in CEQA Guiclel�.n�s ��ction �50��(b)(3)
be�ause it �an �b� s��n`�nritl� �e�tain�r to h.ave no po�sibil�t3r of a �i��fi�ant �ffe�t on
�
th.e er�vir�nmenta :
SECTIO�T �o 'SEVEIZA.�ILITYo ���11.�T S�Ct10Yl, �i1.�S�Ct10Yl., �l1�CI1�I1S1011, s�nter��e, clau�e,
�hrase, or �ortion of thi� �rdinance is; for any ��as�n, held. to be invalicl or
1.11�COYtS�1�l.1�lOIl�1 ��T t�.� C��C1S10� O� ���T COl�.�°� O� COYI'1����Ylt Jl�.�°1SCl1C$10I1, �uch decisior,.
shall not �ff�ct �he �T�I1C�.l.� Of ��1� �°�111�1.11.1Y1� �30�°�lOYlS `Of ��Y� OY'�11'1����e �'h.� �if�
Coun�il h.e�eby decla�°es that it �rrould have acl�pt�d th�s �rdinan��, �.d. ea�h sec�or�:,
subsectiori; subc��.v�.sion, s�ntence, clause, phrase, or portio� the�eof, ���°�spec�.ve of the
� �
' fact that any on� o� mox°� s�c�.ons, sub�e��ions, subc�iv�s�ons, sentences, �l�uses,
p�.rases, or portions tl�er°eof be d��larecl invaTid o�ur�..�on��tuf�oil.alo
5EC'I'I N 9� �'h.e C�.� Clerk sha11 cer�.fy the �clopt�on of this �rd.inar,.ce �nd �h.al1 ��ve
not�..ce of �ts adop�.on. a� requ�.�ecl by lavvo Pursuant to Gover�ent Cocle Sect�on 36933, :
� surr�.ma�°y o� tl-u� O�°dinari�e m.ay �b� published ancl posted bn l�eu of publ�cation a:r�.c�
po�tin�of the er�.�i�°e tex�o
;
��.--: r`-�,•.
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Ordiriance IVo. 16-2140
Page 9,
,
�llT�'R��Z.JC�� at a re�ul��° rn�e�n�of the �it�r Cour�cil of the City of Cupertino
�he �9th c�ay of�anuary, 2016 ancl El�TACTED at a x°e�ular meetin�of the Ci��oun�il of
the �it�r of Cu�ert�no��e 2nd of F�bru�.ry, 2016,by the follovv�n�v�teo
�Tote M�mb��s of the C��r Coun�i�.
- . . � � . . a . - . � �
AY��e C1�an�, �Taidh.yanathan, Pat�.l, 5�nks, VV�n�
NOESe l�Tone
A�SEN'�'o None
1����A��To l�Tone
A�T�S�'o APPROV�Do
/s/Gra��5ch.r�.id� /s/�arry Chan�
Grace 5�h.rn.idt, �i-�Cl�rk �ar�°y�han�, �ayo�°, ��.ty�f�txpertin�
i
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;
I
0 9� �
�
��__., " CI`T1'OF C�TI'EIZ�I'Il�TO _
�: �0300 'Torre Averiue
Cupert�no,.Californ%a 95014
�: .
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IZE�OLtJTIOl�t l�Oo b�93
- ; , _ .
- � IZE�OL,�JTIOl\T O� '�'HE I'LA�T�TI�TG=:CO�/T�S�IOI� OF �'�IE C�'TY O�` CIIPEIZ'I'II�TO
IZECOI�MEllTDING �"�IAT:TI-3� CITY COLTI�TCIL,ADOP�'A.l�T OIZI�Il\TA�TCE
AIl�E1�TDIllTG 5EC`TIC�N 1900�0030 AND AI�I�Il�TG;C�IA:PTEI� 19o9,�.OF TI'I'L;E 19
- l�F.T'I-3E CIJPEI�'I'IliTO Mt.Jl�TICIPAL. COI�E REGAIZD�I�TG MEI�ICAL M.AIZIJLTAl�TA
:, ,: .
� �DISPEI�TSARIES, �A� LTAl�TI-� CZJL'TI�TATIO�T�ACIL�TIE�, C� ; EIZCIAL
� J �
.:. , .: � , . -
' C�.l�Tl�TA�I�.AC'I'IVI'�'IE�;AllTI� MEI�ICAI��IAIZIJLJAl�1A I�ELT�TEI�E�
,
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;
� SEC'TIO�T Ie PROjE�'I'I�ESCI�IPTION;; �. . ,
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Ap�licafion 1lToa �/ICA=2015-01 '
,
�l�I�lrcanto City of Cupert�no : ,
�Locat�one City�ricle `; °
` VV�IEI�EAS, p�.�suant to Goverr�ent Cocl.e sectlons.:65�54 and 65�55, th.e 1'lar�in�
�.� � ; ��� ,: �. �,� � � , �. : , � . t
G '
� _. Co�.mission �as the auth.ori� to re�rie�r �cl �nake recomm.end.ations to the City
. . ._ . r . , ,
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' Council re�ardin�`arnend�nents to the City`s zonin�ordin�.ces; ancl,
V�II�EI?E��, the:Gity.pro�icled. aII necessary le�a1,not�ces for to holcl a public hea�°in� at
�hlch the amenclrr'.ent:to th.e Cit�r's zonln�orclin�ces�rould be conside�ed; ancl
: , ; - .
VVI�EI�EA�, on �Tovem.�be�° 24, 2015, the Planr�.in� Coinrnrs�lon helcl'a noticeci public
�earin� at ��ch inte�estecl persorts had.an;opportuiuty to test�fy in support of, or in
opposl�ion to,.:tl-�.e pro�osed arnenclrnent, to t�e C%�'s zonin� o�dinance and at �nrhich
�.rne the Piarinin� Co�i.�ilss�on consicle�°ecl the:.p�°oposed arnenci.�nent to the City's
.
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zorun��rellna:r�.ce, ancl .
WI�EI�EAS, the City :has analyzed. �s p�oposeci zoiu.ri� a�.x�.end.merit ancl deterrruned
that it rs` not a project �rithin the �.eanirig of section 1537� of the California
�nvi�°or�rnental Quali� Act („CEQA") `Guictel�ries b�cause it I�a� no potential for
� � � � '
�°�St�I�l%1�I11��11..�TS1C11 C�1c1%1��11"t t�t�.�1��TIY'O%1I11e%l�, eith.er directly o�ul�:matelyo ancl
_
,
�T�IEREAS, in fhe event that tlus proposed ainendrrient is found to be a`pro�ect under
CEQ.A, i�t rs su�Ject to the CEQ.A` eXernptzor�.coritarned in CEQA Gu��eliries sect°ion
1J061��(3> b2C�l1SE' 1t C111. bE SE.'E.'11 i/Vlt�l �E'.�°t11.11� t0 �1c1�I� T10 �OS�lbl�l� Of 1 S1�111f1Callt
`� effect on the envx�°o�ent; and
' tt4....x . � � . .., � . . -
.. ... .. . . . � . . . � . .
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WHEREAS, attached as Exhibit A is the proposed Ordinance. ���
�
NOW, THEREFORE, the Planning Commission of the City of Cupertino does hereby
resolve:
SECTION 1: FINDINGS. The Planning Commission, in light of the whole record before
it and any other evidence (within the meaning of Public Resources Code Sections
21080(e) and 21082.2) within the record or provided at the public hearing of this matter,
hereby finds and determines as follows:
1. The proposed Ordinance conforms with the latest adopted general plan for
the City in that a prohibition against medical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana
- cultivation facilities, commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana
delivery services does not conflict with any allowable uses in the land use
element and does not conflict with any policies or programs in any other element
of the general plan.
2. The proposed Ordinance will protect the public health, safety, and welfare
and promote the orderly development of the City in that prohibiting medical
marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities, commercial cannabis
activities, and medical marijuana delivery services will protect the City from the
adverse impacts and negative secondary effects connected with these activities.
, 3. The proposed Ordinance is consistent with Municipal Code Title 19, which
currently bans medical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities,
commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana delivery services under
principles of permissive zoning.
4. CEQA: The proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of
section 15378 of the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") Guidelines
because it has no potential for resulting in physical change in the environment,
either directly or ultimately. In the event that this Ordinance is found to be a �
project under CEQA, it is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEQA
Guidelines section 15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty to have no
possibility of a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 2: APPROVAL. The Planning Commission approves this Resolution
recommending that the City Council adopt the proposed Ordinance which is attached
hereto and incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit A.
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Q . �.. � � .. � . ' ' �
�
���� I'AS�EI� Al�D 1�I�OI-'T'EI� �tI11s`24TH clay of�Tovem.be� 201.5, at a 1!/Ieetin.�of�rte I-�l�tin�
�. . , �
� Corrtrx�.iss�on of the �ity of Cupe�°tino by�the follo�nr�ng roll call v�teo .
AYESe CO S�IOI�TEI�So Ch.a1r Lee, Vice Cha�r'Takah.asl�., Gon�, Paulsen
.
1�0E�o _ COM�ISSIOl�TEI�Se none
_ - �
A�ST'.AII�e C��/II�/II�SIOI�EIZSo none ..
A�SEl�TT'e , CO�/I�/IIS�IC�l\TEIZ�o.Sun .: _
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, : � _
1�TTES'Te.,, . . `, { : .APPIZOV�I�o
_ . �
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. . �..�""�'�� . � . � '� . . .� .
�//�//� . � ... . . . o • .
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Piu Ghosh : : . Wi�ie Lee
Principal Pla�er ' ,� Ch.air, City o ert�no ,
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EXHIBIT A
ORDINANCE N0. 15-
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO
AMENDING SECTION 19.08.030 AND ADDING CHAPTER 19.98 OF TITLE 19 OF
THE CUPERTINO MUNICIPAL CODE REGARDING MEDICAL MARIJUANA
DISPENSARIES, MARIJUANA CULTIVATION FACILITIES, COMMERCIAL
CANNABIS ACTIVITIES,AND MEDICAL MARIJUANA DELIVERIES
WHEREAS, in 1970, Congress enacted the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)
� which, among other things, makes it illegal to import, manufacture, distribute, possess
or use marijuana in the United States.; and
WHEREAS, in 1972, California added Chapter 6 to the state Uniform Controlled
Substances Act, commencing at Health and Safety Code section 11350, which
established the state's prohibition, penalties, and punishments for the possession,
cultivation, transportation, and distribution of marijuana; and
WHEREAS, in 1996, the voters of the State of California approved Proposition
215 (the "CUA;" California Health and Safety (H&S) Code Section 11362.5 et seq.); and
WHEREAS, California courts have held that the CUA created a limited exception
from criminal liability for seriously ill persons who are in need of inedical marijuana for
specified medical purposes and who obtain and use medical marijuana under limited,
specified circumstances; and
WHEREAS, On January 1, 2004, the state Legislature enacted "Medical
Marijuana Program" (MMP), codified as California Heaith and Safety Code sections
11362.7 to 11362.83, to clarify the scope of the CUA, establish a voluntary program for
identification cards issued by counties for qualified patients and primary caregivers,
and provide criminal immunity to qualified patients and primary caregivers for certain
activities involving medical marijuana, including the collective or cooperative
cultivation of inedical marijuana; and
WHEREAS, the California Supreme Court ruled unanimously in City of Riverside
v. Inland Empire Patients Health and Wellness Center, Inc. (2013) 56 Ca1.4th 729, that the
CUA and the MMP do not preempt local ordinances that completely and permanently � :
� �
ban medical marijuana dispensaries, collectives, and cooperatives; and ��� -�
O .
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� � :. :
� : _
` vV�E�EAS,: in �Iaral v, City of`Lave Oak,(2013) 221 CaleAppa4th 975, .tl�e .'I'hird
; ,` �
I�ist�°�ct Cour� of.-Appe�� held, based. on Inland EmpiYe, that �tl�ere vvas ,no:ri�ht, to
.. .
cult�vate medical rrta�ijuana and -tl�.at;a c1� could irnplem.ent and erLfo�°ce a cornple�e
�
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ban on this a.ctivit�r, incl�zc�in� a ban on'pers�nal culti�ation; ar�.cl
�_
_,
,r; ;
. W�IEIZEAS; on October 9; 201�5, Go�rernor �ro�rrn:si�necl .Assem;bly�ills-:243 and
26b and Sertate :�%11 643, �nrh.ic�. taken to�etll.er create a b�°oacl �state re�ula$o�°y.,and
licenslr�� system �overnin� 'the cultl�raf�on, test�ng, and distribu�.on: of inedical
_ . ,
ri�a�ij�.arta, the� manufac��in� of �arijuarl.a produc�t�, �.I1.CI ��1�TS1.C1�11 ��CO1�tI11C11C�:�.t1011S
� - for rxied.ical:mariju:ana, and p�o�ride'Irg1�Il'1L1rlI:�'�O I�1��°1,�.I.cZtl.c'� �1�.S1T1�SS�S 0�3��'�.$11'l�,�hTlt�l.
bo-th.a state license ancl a 1oca�.per�ri.it; anc� �
,
,
:, � �
� yVIIEREAS, �nrh.ile the nevv Iegislat�ori': exp�essly preserves local cont�°ol .over
1�1�C�1Ca1� �111;1�1�'L1.�I1� �1C111�,1�5 ,and .land use�,, %ncludi�� t1�e authori:�y .�to; proha.bit.:all ,
� :
med.ical�n.ari�uana businesses and cultivat�on corxlpletely, ne�rly=aciclecl'�Iealth�;�afety
�od.e sect�on 11362a777(c)(�4) prov�c�es that if � city cloes not have a land use �e�xla�.on:
, . o� �o�°din�ce :�e�ula�ri.�, :or �3�'0�11.UI�l� ��111a.�°1�Llal1�' �Ct11tl:�T1$1�1�, �I$I1�� e�cpressly or
othe��nii�e un�e�: p�inciples of peri�riissi�re zorun�, or chooses not to x.acl�i:i�.�ster a ;
� , ��- coi�clitional- per�it p�°og�°ain uncler th.at;sect�on, tl�en cornmenciri� �/Iarch`�.,:2016, the
� � : -
-' s.tate I�epa�trr�ent of Food.;and A��icul-ttire �r%Il become the sole licensin� atztho�if�r for
� .
� : rnarijuana cult�vation�i�that�tzrisclYct�on, ancl
. �-W�iEREA�; under ne�nrly-added Califorrua �usiness and Professlons Code
' sect�on 19340(a), 1f �. Cl:� �T�1tS t0 ��'e�T�l�� I11eC�1C�1:1�1.�Y'1J11:c111a C��I.I�T��'1�S �nritl�.n .1ts
jurisclict�on, it mus-t aclopt an ord.inance exp�°essly��ohibit�n�tl�emo a.rt�
EI�EAS, rn:edical IIl1.c'��°1JL1�1`1 b11S1:Y1����5, �IS�J�Il:S��'I�S, Ct1�tl.�Ta�10I1. �C�1�T1�1:�5,
aIZC� �e11�1��'1.�5 aY°C �LOt IISt2d. 11"1 t�1� ZOY11�1.� COCI� a.S �l�Il.C'�° ���I�11$t�C� O� CO�ld:l.tl.0%l�I.I�-
pe�mittecl larid izses and are; ther°efor.e, p�°ohi�bitecl under the City`s pe�°�is�i�re.zonin�
prov�s�ons; as set fo�th in 1!/�unicipal Coc1e sections 19s04v030 ancl 19004`°050 (City of �
Corona v. I�laulls (200�)166 Ca1.A.ppa4�41�, 431:-433�; aric�
yV�i�IZEAS, the Ci� Council has cleterrnined that express� �/I�xru.cl�al Coc�e
��O�TIS101� �����°d111.� I�l'��IC��. 111a�'IJ1�111.� �l.S��11S1�°1�5, I11��°I,U�11�. cult�va�:on facilities,
co�n�ne�cial ca�abrs ac�vities, and m.edical rnarijuarta cleliveri�s �rill benefi�the publ�c
� ,
b�T �3�OiT1C�111� CIt�1�' �1XIC1�'�1Y1�S �'��1Y°C�ITI� ��1� SCOrJE' Of pY'O�tl�IfeC1 C011C�1XC� �11a. 1�11%11I�lIZ�
� ' ' � � � � �� � �
th.e potent�al,for confusion�e�ardin�th.e Cify's policie�; and.
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WHEREAS, many California communities have experienced adverse impacts �.��.�
and negative secondary effects from medical marijuana establishments and cultivation �._. �
sites, including hazardous construction, unsafe electrical wiring, noxious odors and
fumes affecting neighboring properties and businesses, increased crime in and around
such land uses, and the diversion of inedical marijuana to minors; and
WHEREAS, there is significant evidence that medical marijuana delivery
services are also targets of violent crime and pose a danger to the public; and,
WHEREAS, the staff report presented to the City Council identifies other
negative impacts from unregulated marijuana which are incorporated herein; and .
WHEREAS, it is reasonable to conclude that medical marijuana dispensaries,
marijuana cultivation f acilities, commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana
deliveries could cause similar adverse impacts on the public health, safety, and welfare
in Cupertino; and
WHEREAS, in order to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, the City
Council desires to add Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter 19.98 to prohibit, in express
terms, medical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities, commercial -- -:.
cannabis activities, and medical marijuana deliveries; and �
WHEREAS, the State regulation and licensing as contemplated in Assembly Bills
243 and 266 and Senate Bill 643 have not yet taken effect nor been implemented, and the
City Council desires to preserve local control over these uses; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Cupertino is the decision-making
body for this Ordinance; and
WHEREAS, the proposed Ordinance is not a project,within the meaning of
section 15378 of the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") Guidelines
because it has no potential for resulting in physical change in the environment, either
directly or ultimately. In the event that this Ordinance is found to be a project under
CEQA, it is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEQA Guidelines section
15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty. to have no possibility of a significant
effect on the environment. ' -
WHEREAS, the City Council has reviewed and considered the not a project and
exemption determination under the California Environmental Quality Act prior to
��
taking any approval actions on this Ordinance and approves such determinations; and �.:�...F�
. a � r � . � � . . � � .. � . . .
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�D `�IOyV, `'I'�-IEIZEFOIZE, T E CI'TY.COITNCIL �� T�-IE;CI'I`Y O� �ZJPEIZTINO:
OES' EI�E�� :I� AIN AS:FO:LLOWSo- � , :
_ .,: - .
SECTION 1a .Cupert�rio 1�1lunici�al Cocle section 19 O�e030C,of.Chapter 19e0� of,'Title 19,
,, � is amencled.by aciclin�th.e followin� defiru�ons placed into alphabe�cal orclera
, . , .
,, . . � , ,
: , �. ; , .
„COI'Y1.Y11e�'Cl�l C�%11���15 �Ct1.�T1�" sh:all=ha�re,�he:%11��1'LIII� S�t �O�tI1 111:CaI.1¢O�°ll.l�.;�11�111�SS
ancl Professio�� Cod.e sect�on 19300 �(k)o < .
"Cult�va�on" rr�eans any'act�vity 1n�rol�rin� th:e plantin�, �ro�rin�, h.arvesting, cl�ying,
cu�°ln�, gracl�ri.�,:-or trli�rrun�of innariJtxanae: �. r .
SECT'IO�T;�o C�x.pe�t�.o 1!/Iunrcipal Cod.e �ection 19e0�o0:30I of Chapte�° 19°O� of'Title 19 is
aii�i.eri:ciecl-by ad.din�the followi�.� definit�on placed into alphabet�ca�.orclero .
_ .
� _
„Ic�en�ification Card" shall 1�ave�the saixte rne�n� as,..set forth in Californra I�ealth ancI
, .
` Safety::Code 5ec�on 1T362e7, and.follo�vin�, o� as rrtay be amendede: �
:, . , SEC�T'ION �o Ctzpert�no Muruc�ipal;.Cocie section 19<e0�o030I�.of Chapter 19e:0� of�I'Itle 19
�f � : � � � � � � � ��� �; � � . � �
. u
Is arnencled by a�clin��t1�e f�Ilowin�defir��.oris p�laceel into al�l�abetical o�elere �
4
: ���ar�juana'" �ean� ali parts of the plari.t C�ab�s,.�rh�tl�er �rovvin� or not; the seed:s
:,. ' �lie�°eof, �he res�� extracfecl ,from ai�y pa�°t :of ,the piant; a:n.d ever°y, corr�.pound
,
; rri�.ufactiare; sa-lt; -clerivafi:�re, rrtix�ia�e, or prepara�ori of th.e plant, it� seecls-or reslno It
�� inclucle� i�arijuana iri:fused in`foo�ls�:ff, art� �cortcentrated �anna�bis and the separated .
= �esin, �nrhetl�er ��ude or pe-k�°ifiecl, obtainecl froi�. marijuanaa It d.oes� not incltxde the
i�i�ature stalks of f�ie p1arl.t; fiber proclucecl frorrt th.e`s�alks, oil�o� cake rnade from the
, � �� , ; , . . �
�eeds of���he plarlt, any other coiYipound; .i�anufac�xre, 'salt; ���1.�71$1�7�, I�l:IX�tt1..��, O�'
prepa�°ation of'the.:mat�xre stalks (except�°eslri�exfra:cted therefrorn), fi�er, oil, or;calce, or
�� ��
the sterilizecl seed:s of the plant th.at a�e iricapable of��erininatione �
,
"�IeC11C�I IY1d�'1�tZ�11�:�� IS l�la�'1�1:�.i1.Il.�'la.S�'.C� �O%''1�1�C11C�I �JJ1,1��JOSE'S W�1.2�� t�:�� I11eCI1CaI 115� 1S
� , ,
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clee�ned approprlate and'has been recorn:i-r�encled b�r a physlcian,vvho h.as d.eterr.nined
, �
that th.e e�son"s h.ealth �rould. benefit f�°orn the use of rrta�rijuana in the_treat�xl:ent of
�
aCC.�L11Y'�C� 11I1IyllX.�l� ��f1C1�%lC� S�TI1��°O%Yt� ��"AII�S"); �%10�'�XI�, ��t�lTIt1�, C��1C��°, .C�1TOY'l1C
pain, glat�corr�:a, 1711�%°a11"1�, S�JJc1`S�ICl$�T, �OT a11� Ot�1.�Y°.���°lOUS;I�t�C�IC1I COIlC�l$1011 f0� �F�11C�1
I
' ; ,
I' ; rx�.ari�ua.n.a is deemed �o ��ovicle �elief as defined 1n subsectYon (h) of Cali€o�°rua �-Ieaith
anc�Safet�r Code �'11362a7e ;
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"Marijuana cultivation facility" means any business, facility, use, establishment, �.����
property, or location where the cultivation of marijuana occurs. A "marijuana �_ ��
cultivation facility" does not include a "qualified patient's" primary residence provided
such cultivation of "medical marijuana" is for his or her personal medical use and he or
she does not provide, donate, sell, or distribute marijuana to any other person.
"Medical marijuana dispensary" means any business, facility, use, establishment,
property, or location, whether fixed or mobile, where medical marijuana is sold, made
available, delivered, transported, and/or distributed. A "medical marijuana dispensary"
does not include the following uses:
a. A "qualified patient" transporting "medical marijuana" exclusively for his or her
personal medical use and he or she does not provide, donate, sell, or distribute
marijuana to any other person;
b. A "primary caregiver" delivering or transporting "medical marijuana" for the
personal medical purposes of no more than five specified "qualified patients" for
whom he or she is the primary caregiver within the meaning of Section 11362.7
of the California Health and Safety Code, but who does not receive remuneration
for these activities except for compensation in full compliance with subdivision
(c) of Section 11362.765 of the California Health and Safety Code.
�.:.
c. A clinic licensed pursuant to Chapter 1 of Division 2 of the California Health and u
Safety Code;
d. A health care- facility licensed puxsuant to Chapter 2 of Division 2 of the
California Health and Safety Code;
e. A residential care facility for persons with chronic life-threatening illness
licensed pursuant to Chapter 3.01 of Division 2 of the California Health and
Safety Code;
f. A residential care facility for the elderly licensed pursuant to Chapter 3.2 of
California Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code; or
g. A residential hospice, or a home health agency licensed pursuant to Chapter 8 of
Division 2 of the California Health and Safety Code. �
SECTION 4. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030P of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical order:
"Primary caregiver" shall have the same meaning as set:forth in California Health and
Safety Code Sections 11362.5, 11362.7, and following, or as may be amended.
SECTION 5. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030Q of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
�
is amended b addin the followin definition placed into alphabetical order: ����w.�
Y g g
� \�... � . . . . . . . , . . , . � . . . .
� � Q, � . � . . . . � .. /\�~,� � � �
J
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„Qualifiecl patient'°�.shall have th.e sarn.e zneanirng.as set forth. in Californ�.a I�ealth anci
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Safety Code Sect�.ons 1136205,:113620�, and follo�rin�, or as ix�.ay:b.e aixi.enclede .
, SEC'TI,ON 6o Tit1e �19 of the Cupertino I�uriiclpal Code is he�eby ar;r�.encled; to ;acicl ''
Ch.apter.l�o9�to be numbered,:entitle�, anct to.�eac1'as.follo�nrso
CI-IA.-PTEI� 1909� Me�lical Il�Iarijuana
�� � � � � � 19�o9�eQ10 � �Purpo:se ��� � � � � � �� �� -
� 19�e9�o0�0���° `.����- � Prol�bit�ons:� �: _ � � � ��
; ._
19e9�v030 �` � Eri.forcement.
,
1909�0010 Purpo�ee 'The purpo�e and: intent of thls sect�on Ys to prohibit rnedical ',
13'1.��°1�1:�.a1�� C�IS�J�11S��1.�S, rrtariJuana ciil:tivat�on faclli-�es; r�.eclical.rnax°i�uana deliverles,
ancl corrtrxtercial cannabrs act�vities, as def°inecl�ir,i:Chapter 1900�, L7efinitions, �ritl�in tl�e �
�
, �
clt�1lmits o`It is recognizecl that it is a Fecleral�riolafion uncl:er the Cont�ollecl Substances
AC$ �O.�OSSeSS 0� C�15tY'1�1.1tC �11��1,11.aI1.� ��TeI1. lf f0%'-111�C�1C1���J'Ll.�'�OS�Se Addit�onally, t�:ere
, ,
� ' ; 1S C�71CI�%lCe`Of 11Z:"1.I'LCT�'c1S�C� 111C1CIE'%1C��Of CY'1%Tl�.=�elated. seconclary: i�n.pacts 1n locations
, . .
F..�_. . , as�ociatecl v�rith marijuarta culti�ation facili�:es and: rrteclical rr�arijuana.;dispensaries'.a:ncl
� =' in;cor�.n.ectiort vvith rnedicai max°ijuana d.elive�°ies;��rh.ich is de�rimental to the public's
heal�h; safety, and ��relfareo The �tate of California's licensin� ancl re�ulation as
: .
conte�.plated by:Assembly �ilis 243 ar1.d 26C and 5enate;�ill 643 l�ave .not yet talcen
effect nor been irnplernented, an:c1 the,City Council des�res to p�ese�°ve Iocal �on:�o1 over°
' :these uses and:act�vitiese I�0��1:1.11.� III.t�'11S C�.11�3$2�' IS 111teI1CIE'.d. t0 CI�°Ct1Y11�T�1�t C0111.�J�1�11.CC
;.; ,
�r1t�state la�ra , : _ , ° : ;-
_ , - ;:
19e9�o020 Prol�bit�onse
(a) '�Tl1e follovving are prol�ubitedo
� , ,
�1) �1ledical rnarijuan.a `clispensaries irt aIl zones in the _city and. shall not be
�
e�tabllsh.ed o�o�erated any�rhe�°e in�he cityo
;
(2)" 1Vlarijuana cult�va�.on f acilit�es 1n all zones in the city a�id shall not be _
estabiish.ecl o�o�erated-an�rhere in th:e citye ' `
�
;
(3) :Cornr.�.ercial cartnabi� activif�e�: in aIl .zones in the cif�y ancl sh�ll not be
, establi��iecl or ope�atecl-anywh.ere iri the citye '
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(b) No person shall own, establish, open, operate, conduct, or manage a medical �:,�
marijuana dispensary, marijuana cultivation f acility, or commercial cannabis activity � ��
in the city, or be the lessor of property where a medical marijuana dispensary,
marijuana cultivation facility, or commercial cannabis activity is located. No person
shall participate as an employee, contractor, agent, volunteer, or in any manner or
capacity in any medical marijuana dispensary, marijuana cultivation facility, or
commercial cannabis activity in the city.
(c) No Permits, grading permit, building permit, building plans, zone change,
business license, certificate of occupancy or other applicable approval will be
accepted, reviewed, approved or issued for the establishment or operation of a
marijuana cultivation facility, medical marijuana dispensary, or commercial
cannabis activity.
(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to permit or authorize any use
or activity which is otherwise prohibited by any state or federal law.
19.98.030 Enforcement. The city may enforce this section in any manner permitted by
law. The violation of this Chapter shall be and is hereby declared to be a public
nuisance and shall, at the discretion of the city, create a cause of action for injunctive
��r-
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relief.
SECTION 7. FINDINGS. The following findings are made under Cupertino Municipal
Code section 19.152.030(D):
,
(1) The proposed Ordinance conforms with the latest adopted general plan for the
City in that a prohibition against marijuana cultivation facilities, medical marijuana
dispensaries, commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana delivery
services does not conflict with any allowable uses in the land use element and does
not conflict with any policies or programs in any other element of the general plan.
(2) The proposed Ordinance will protect the public health, safety, and welfare and
promote the orderly development of the City in that prohibiting marijuana
cultivation facilities, medical marijuana dispensaries, commercial cannabis activities,
and medical marijuana delivery services will protect the City from the adverse
impacts and negative secondary effects connected with these activities.
(3) The proposed Ordinance is consistent with Municipal Code Title 19, which
currently bans marijuana cultivation facilities, medical marijuana dispensaries, ,
� �
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�n-.-.. commercial Cr�T111��15 �C$1�T1�:1�5,� �.11CI �.xi.edical ri�arijuarta dellvery se�°vices under
' p�°ineiples of permisszve zonin�e
, (4)' 'Th.e propo�ed OrclYnance is not a project �nr°it111rL the rnearur�� of sec�.on 1537� of
,
the Calrfornla Environinental C�ua1�� l�ct ("CEC�A") Guldelines �because it h.as no
, , potential for �esult�n� in physicai C11�1�� 111 t�t� �IZ�TI.Y'O1l.lY1.�I1t, either directl� or
ultirr�.atelya In �he event that thYs ��clinance is fo�xnd`to be a project uncler CEC�A, it -
is subjec-t to the CEQ1�exe�npt�on contained in CEC,�1� �uldelines section 15061(b)(3) .
because it can be seen vvith cer�ainty �to have no possibilit�r of a si��uficant effect on
the environrnenta
SEC'I'IO�T �e SE�ERA�ILI'TYo If any sec�.on, subsection, subclivision, sentence, clause,
phrase, o� �ort�on of thi� Ord.inance is, for any reason, held to be invalic� or
unconstitu:t�onal by the decision of any court of cornpetent jurisd.ic�.on, such. clecis�on
shall nof affect th.e valicli�r of the �°em.air�n� po�°t�ons of thls �Jrdinancee The City
Council h:ereby decla�es that i� wotxld. h.ave adopted �I�us Orclinance, an�i each section,
Sta:�S�Ct;1011, �1,1��1�T1S10I1., sentence, clause, phrase, or �ortion t1�.e�eof, ir�°espective of the
fac� ��fh�t a:ny one or rnore sect�ons, S1ibSeC$10ItS, S�LI�C�1�715101'�.S, sentences, clauses, .
phrase�, or port�ons thereof be decla�°ecl invalid o�°unconstitttltionala
,
� _ S�C'I'ION 90 The Cit� Clerk shall ce�tify �he adoptior� of' th1� O�°ciinance an.d s1�a11 give
�
not�ce of 1ts ad:option as requi�°ecl by lav�e Pu�suant to Gove�ni�nent Code Section 36933,
a :su.inrnar°y of tl�:s O�°dinance may be published ancl posted �n lieu of pu�blication anc�
post�ng�f tlle erttir�te�cto ,
� � � � � � � �
Il\TTIZOl�IJCED at a re�ttlar rrteetin� of the`City Council of the City of Cupertino
the clay of ar�d E�TACTEI� at a re�ula� xn.ee�.ng of the City Council of th.e
City of Cupertino the of 2015,by the follovvin�vofeo
P.AS�ED o
,
�Totee �Iernbers of the Citv Council
l�yeso
I �Toese `
Absente
.A�staino .
�
�.A:_.
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ATTEST: APPROVED: p.��#.:�:
� ���.
Grace Schmidt, City Clerk Mayor, City of Cupertino
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CITY HALL
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''�� � � J' ' 10300 TORRE AVEIVUE•CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255
�����'�°`� T'ELEPHONE: (408)777-3223 0 FAX: (40�)777-3366
'I'�o �1ar��n�Depart�rr�.ent
Fromo Kirst�n Squa�cia
S�bj ecto �e�ond Readi�� of Ordina.n.ce arnenclin� �the Cu�er�.no Municipal Cod.e to
��°��ll�l� �Y1��1�1,1.�I�it� CL�.I�1�T�$lOYl, a.].S��YI�����5, ��.a. ��'1��7��°1.�S �1�.C� CO1�Y1��Y°�1�1
��.ab�.s �C�1�T11:1�5 �Vl.�'h.l.yi. the Ci�r of �up��°�inoe (Appl��at�on 1\Toe MCA-
20�5-0�,�oca�or�.o C�.�-wide;A�pYicanto Ci�r of Cupertino)
ateo F�br�za�°y 3, 20�6
A�its February 2, 2016 rneetin�, tl�e Cupe�t�.no �City Counc�.l t��k th.e�ollovvin� a��one
C NI�LTC'I'E T' E SECOl�T- E1� ING AN ENACTE 1�INAl�TCE �TOo
16�21��m 'A.AN IZ INANCE OF T' E CIT'Y CO�J�TCIL, OF 'T�IE CI'I'Y OF
CZJPE 'I'IN Al�/IEI�I�I�TG SEC'TI N 19a0�a030 AN A I�TG C AP'I'E 19m9�
_OF T'ITL,E 19 F' 'I' E CLJPE 'TII� LJNICIPAL CO E EGAIZ I�TG
1VIEI�ICA.L AIZIJIJ�iNA 15PE1�SA. IES, 1� IJIJANA CLTLTIVA'I'ION
FACILIT'IES� C I� E CIAL CA�TNA�IS AC'I'IVI'I'IES� ANI� EI�ICAL
AI�IJLTAI�1� ELIVE�IES'°
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'.' CITY HALL
-10300 TORRE AVENUE•CUPERTI(VO, CA 95014-3255
TELEPHONE: (408)777-3308 v�vv.cuper�ino.org
������r��
CITY COLJNCIL S'TA.FF IZEPOIZ'I'
�ee�.n�e �eb�°ua�°y 2, 2016
St�.��ct
��COTt� YZ���11'�� Of O�C�:lY1��1C� arnendin� th.e Cu�ertir�.o Nlun�.cipal Code to �r�hibit
rnar�juana ��al�ivat�on, d�.spensa�°�es, �Ttd. CI��1�T��1�S �.Yl� CO�gY�.��°�Y�.l C�T�i���l� ���S.�T1�Y�S
within the ��� of �txpertin�o �A�➢�Il���].OT�. l�oe l��A.-20�5-01; �ocat�ono C�tt�rr-�r�de;
.Applicanto Ci�of�uperf�no)
Recomm�nded Ac�on
�'��� t�� C1�T C01.�.�.�ll. COTLC�.l1:C� t�l� S�CO1I.C�I: �°��C11T1� �.1�.� ��O�J� O�°d.l.Yl.�.�l.�� �TOe �6-2�.40,
"�n O�°d�anc� of�.e Ci�r Council of the Ci�r of Cuperta.��o Arn�r�.d.�r�.�S�ct�on 19°O�o030
and ad.d.�n� Ch.apter 19e�� of '�'�.��e 19 of the Cupert�o Mun�c�pal �ocle R��ax°din�
ML�C�1��1 T���°IJ1:��.11.�. DIS��11.S�Y°1�5� l�/Ia�°ijuana Ctxl�vation Fac�l���e�, �orr�.merc�al
Canr�abis.A.��iv��.es, �:c1 M�dical Mar�.juana��liverie�" (1�.ttac en�A)
Discuss�.on �:.
On �ar�.ua�°y ��, 20�6a ��� C1�T COU:1��11 l�.t�°Oa.l�.C�C� �11� �OYI.C�L1Ct�C�. t�l.� �fl�°St ���C�lll� Of
��dirian�e l�oe �6-2�.�0, am.enc�in� Ch.apter 19°O�o030 and ad.d.in� Chapte�° 1909� to '�itle
�.9 of -�h:e �upex°�.no �/.Iuni��pal �ocle to p�°ohibit rrtecli�al m.arijuana dispensa�ies,
m:a�°ij�z�na �ultiva�.on fa�ilities, �om.m:ercial �an.nabis act�vitie�, an�: mecl�cal rn.arijuana
��I1�T��°1�S�iiTl$�1�0 �I'1�Yl��S t0 �Il���°0�30S�� O�°Cl.l.l'l�Y1C�o
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'�'he �i�r ��uncil did not rr�.ake any am.�ndrnents to the proposed. ��°clinance at th.e f�.rst
�ead.in�o Therefore, tl�.e f�al ��°d.inance �s pr�sent�d �or the second �°eadin� an�l
adopt�ono
Sus�tainab�lit���act
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Aar-�Shrivastava, :A.ss�.stan���.�Mana�er :
�.�J��O�T�a. �O�Sl�:�%�111.SS10Y1�� D��TICI��°�Yl�t, City Mana�e�°
Attachments o
Aa Ordinance I�Toa �.6-2�.40
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OIZI)INA:�TCE �TOo
AI� OlZDIN1�.NCE OF TI-iE CI'I'Y:COLTl�CIL O�.'I'I-iE CI'I'�C O� CLJPEl�'I'Il�IO
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AME�TDII�G SECTION 19e��.0301�ND ADI�ING C�-IAP'I'EI'��9e9� O� 'I'I'I'LE 19 O�
TI-iE CLTPEIZTINO l�LTNICIPI�L CODE 1ZEGAIZDI�TG I�El�IC1�L MAIZIJIJANI�
I�ISPE�TSA.IZIES, IVII�IZIJ�JI�I�A. C�JI�T'I�A'TIOl��ACII,ITIES, CO 1�ERCII�.L
>CANNA�IS A.CTI�1I'I'IES,A.ND l�EI�ICI�L l�AIZIJLJANI�I�ELIVEIZIES
yVI�ElZEAS, 1n 1970, Congress:enactecl fhe Controilecl Sulbstances Act (CS1�)
which, among other things, Ynakes �t illegai to -irn.port, manufacture, clistribute, possess
or:use marijuana in the LTnited States.; and:
i
��
yVI-iEIZEA.S, in'1972, California added Chapter 6 to the state ZJniform Controlled
Substances A:ct, conm:mencing at �I=Iealth� and �5afefy Code sectron 11350, which
establishecl the state's rohibition, enalties; �and u.nishments for the possession,
'�
� p �
cultivatiori, transportation, ancl distribution of.�n.arrjixana; and
�' WI�EIZE.A.S, in 1996, the voters of the=State of Callfornla .a p�°oved Proposition
�
p
215 (the "CUA," I-Iealth and Safety{I��S) Code 5ection 1136205 et seq.), and -
', �/V�-IEREAS, Caiifornia courts have held:thaf the CUA created a li�nited exception
� :
'� frorn criminal liabili-ty for seriously ill persons who are in need of rnedical ma�i�uana for �
specified �nedlcal purpo':ses anc� who obtain and use medYcal marijuana .under 1lrnitecl;
specified circumstances; and
,. , �, .
WHEREAS, On January 1, 2004, the state- Legislature enacted "l�/Iedical
1VTarijuana Program" (�IlVIP), codi:fied as I�ealth and Safety Code sections 11362e7 to
11:362.83, to clarYfy the scope of the -CU1�, establish a voluntary program for
ide�tificatYon cards issued by cou:nties for qualified patients and pr�max°y caregivers;
and provrde criminal immunity to qualified �atients and prixnary caregivers for certain
activities involvYng medical marijuana, including the collective or cooperative
culfivation of`medicai ma�ijuaria; and
�VHEREAS, the California Suprerrte�Court:ruled unanimously rn City of Riverside
', v. Inland Empire Patients Health and ylTellness- Center, Inc. (2013) 56 Cala4th 729; that,the
CUA and the 1VIlVIP do not preempt local ordinances that completely and perYn.anently'
ban medicai marYjuana dispensaries, collectives, and coope�°atives; and
Revision date November l�,2015
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Ordinance No. � � Agenda.Item#: 13
� Page 2 City Council Meeting:February 2,2016 !�
Desk Item
WHEREAS, in Maral v. City of Live Oak (2013) 221 Cal.App.4th 975, the Third
District Court of Appeal held, based on Inland Empire, that there was no right to
cultivate medical marijuana and that a city could implement and enforce a complete
ban on this activity, including a ban on personal cultivation; and
WHEREAS, on October 9, 2015, Governor Brown signed Assembly Bills 243 and
266 and Senate Bill 643, which taken together create a broad state regulatory and
licensing system governing the cultivation, testing, and distribution of inedical
marijuana, the manufacturing of marijuana products, and physician recommendations
for medical marijuana, and provide immunity to marijuana businesses operating with
both a state license and a local permit; and
WHEREAS, while the new legislation expressly preserves local control over
medical marijuana facilities and land uses, including the authority to prohibit all
medical marijuana businesses and cultivation completely, newly-added Health & Safety
Code section 11362.777(c)(4) provides that if a city does not have a land use regulation
or ordinance regulating or prohibiting marijuana cultivation, either expressly or
otherwise under principles of permissive zoning, or chooses not to administer a
conditional permit program under that section, then commencing March 1, 2016, the
state Department of Food and Agriculture will become the sole licensing authority for
marijuana cultivation in that jurisdiction; and
WHEREAS, under newly-added Business and Professions Code section 19340(a),
if a city wants to prevent medical marijuana deliveries within its jurisdiction, it must
adopt an ordinance expressly prohibiting them; and
WHEREAS, medical marijuana businesses, dispensaries, cultivation activities,
and deliveries are not listed in the Zoning Code as either permitted or conditionally-
permitted land uses and are, therefore, prohibited under the City's permissive zoning
provisions, as set forth in Municipal Code sections 19.04.030 and 19.04.050 (City of
Corona v. Naulls (2008) 166 Ca1.App.4th 418, 431-433); and
WHEREAS, the City Council has determined that express Municipal Code
provision regarding medical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities,
commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana deliveries will benefit the public
by providing clear guidelines regarding the scope of prohibited conduct and minimize
the potential for confusion regarding the City's policies, and
WHEREAS, many California communities have experienced adverse impacts
and negative secondary effects from medical marijuana establishments and cultivation
_f�( . • . . . . . . . � _ � � .
Ordinance Noe �� �> Agenda Itern#: 13
-� I 1'age 3 �ity Council Meeting:Februarcy 2;2016
I�esk I�em
sites; i,ncluding hazardous construction, unsafe _electrical wiring� Y10X10U.S odors ancl
,� fumes affecting neighboring properties and btzsinesses., increased .crime in and a.round
such Iand uses, and=the clivers%on of rn;edical rna�lJuana to rn.inors;:ancl
'�
�
W�IEREA.S, thexe is significant :evidence that �nedical rnarijuana delivery
;� services are aiso targets of violent crixn.e aricl p:ose,a danger to the public, and,
,
: �VIIEI�EA�, a California l'olice Chiefs .A.ssocYation compilation of police repo�ts,
news StOY'IeS� and statistical research x°egarding crimes i.xlvolv%ng rnedical marijuana
busi.nesses and their secondary impacts on:the com.munl�is contained in a 2009 wh�te
' paper"report which 1s attached to� th.e staff report presen:ted to the City Cou.ncil for
purposes of its analysis of cx°im:e and secondary imp�acfs and on file vvith the City Clerk;
.and
�THEREAS, the Santa Ciara County I.�istrict Atto�°ney's C�ffice issued a 1VIay 2014
mexnorandum entitlect "Issues:Surrounding 1Vlarijuana 1ri Sa.rtta Clara County," �vhich
outlined m:any of the �egat�ve,secondary effects resultirig from maxijuana cultivatron; a
copy of this mernorandurn is attached to_the staff repo�t presenteel to fhe City Council '
wifh this ordinance and on file�vith the`City Clerk; and
:WHEREI�S, `the staff report presented to the, City :Cou.ncil identifies other
` negative im.pacts fY°om unregulated marijuana whieh are incorporated herein,;and
� � .
WHEIZEAS, it is reasonable to conclude that niec�ical rnari�uana dispensaries,
� : � � � � � �
rnarijuana cultivation facilities, commercial cannabis .activitles, and rnedical rnaxijua�ia
. deliveries could cause sin�ilar adverse impacts on'the ptxblic health, safety, and welfare
_;
In.,�Cupert�n.o; and ,
`WI�EREI�.S, in order to protect the public health, safety, and �velfare, the City
,
` Council desires to add Cupertino Munic�pal Cod:e zCh�apter 19.98 to prohibit, in express
terms, rnedical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cu`Itivation facilities, �comrnercial
cannabis.activities, and medical marijuana deliveries; and
�,,
Wi�EIZEAS, the State regulation and licensing as�con:ternplated in 1�ssembly:BiI1s
243 and 266 and Senate�i11643 have not yet taken effect nor been implemented, and the
City Council desires to preserve loeal.control over these uses; and
- � � � � � � � �� � ; �
��IEREAS, the City Council of the City of Cupertino is the decision-making
body for this Ordinance, and
�
Ordinance No. � � Agenda Item#: 13
I Page 4 City Council Meeting:February 2,2016 /�
Desk Item
WHEREAS, the proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of
section 15378 of the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") Guidelines
because it has no potential for resulting in physical change in the environment, either
directly or ultimately. In the event that this Ordinance is found to be a project under
CEQA, it is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEQA Guidelines section
15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty to have no possibility of a significant
effect on the environment.
WHEREAS, the City has anal�zed the actions taken with this �ro�osed
Ordinance and determined that it is not a �ro�ect within the meanin�of section 15378 of
the California Environmental Quali , Act ,"CEQA"� Guidelines because it has no
,�otential for resultin��hysical chan�e in the environment, either directl�r or
indirectl�; and
WHEREAS, in the event that the actions taken with this �ro�osed Ordinance are
found to be a �roiect under CEQA, it is subiect to the CEQA exem�tion contained in
C�A Guidelines section 15061(b}�3} because it can be seen with certaintv to have no
�ossibili o of a si�nificant effect on the environment; and
;
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO
DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
SECTI�N 1. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030C of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definitions placed into alphabetical order:
"Commercial cannabis activity" shall have the meaning set forth in California Business
and Professions Code section 19300.5(k).
"Cultivation" means any activity involving the planting, growing, harvesting, drying,
curing, grading, or trimming of marijuana.
SECTION 2. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030I of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical order:
� ,
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Ordinance No. � � Agenda Item#:`13
`� � Page 5 , Gity Council IVleetin�:Febru.ary 2,2016
I�esk Item
"Identification Car°d" sha11 have the sa�n.e :nl.eariing�as set forth in state law, inciuding : :
I�ealth and Safet-y 'Code Sections 11352:5, 11362.7, and following, or as may be
amendede , _
SECTIO�T 3a Cuperfino 1!/�unicipal Code section 19 08.030M of Cha�ter 19e08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the follovving definitions placed. into alphabeticai order:
: :
. ;
,,
"Marijuana" means ali parts of the plant Cannabis;�whethex growing or not; the seed:s
'� thereof; the resln, extracted `fron�. any part of the plant; and every com.pound
�
; rnanufacture, salt, de�°ivative, mix-ture, o�°-prepa�°ation of the plant, its seeds or resino It
inelucles rriarijuana infused Yn foodstuff, and concentratecl cannabis ancl the sepa�ated
�,
resin, whether crude or petrified, ol�fained from marijuanao It does not inclucl'e the
r-nature stalks-of the plant; fiber produced.'f�om the stalks, oil o�° cake �n:ade fro� the
seeds of the plant, any other cornpou.nd; xxl.anufaeture, salt, derivative, ix�.i�ture, or
': preparatron of the rnature stalks (except resin extracted therefrorn), filber, oil, or cake, or
the sterilized seecls of-the plant that are incapable of germinationa
, _
':1V.Iedical mariJuana" is marijuana used for inedical purposes �vl�ere that rn.edical use is
d.eerned appropriate and has been recomm.ended by a physlcian who has determined
that tkie person's health would benefit` from tl�e use of rnarijuarta in t�e treatment of
acquired' irn.mune deficiency syndrorne ("1�.II�S"), anorexia, :arthrltrs; cancer, chronic
: pain, glaucoma, migraine, spasticity, or any ofher serious �n:edical condition for which
,
rriarijirana is deemed to p�ovide relief as defined in subsection (h) of I-3'ealth and Safety
Cocle �;11362a7o
"1!/Tari�uana cultivation facilit�r" means any business, facillty, use, establishment,
pr.operty, or location where the cultivation of nmarijuana occu�s. A "marijuana
culti�ation facilr�y" does not include a"qualified patient's" primary residence pxovide:d
st;teh cultivation of inedical marijuana is for his or her persorlal useo
"1Vledical marijuana dispensary" means any business, facili-ty, use, establishment,
property, o� location, whether fixecl or mobile, where medical marijuana is sold, made
avallable, delivered, transported, and/or clistributed. 1�`"medical marljuana dispensary"
does not include the following uses.°
,
a: A '_qualified patient" transporfing "medical nm:ariJuana" for his or her personal
use, :
` b: A "prinmary caregiVer" deiivering or transporting "medical ma.rijuana" to a
"qualifled patient,,, :
c. , A clinic>licensed pursuant to Chapter -1 of Division: 2 of the I IeaTth and 'Safety
� Code;
�
Ordinance No. � � Agenda Item#: 13
� Page 6 City Council Meeting:February 2,2416 r
Desk Item
d. A health care facility licensed pursuant to Chapter 2 of Division 2 of the Health
and Safety Code;
e. A residential care facility for persons with chronic life-threatening illness
licensed pursuant to Chapter 3.01 of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code;
f. A residential care facility for the elderly licensed pursuant to Chapter 3.2 of
Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code; or
g. A residential hospice, or a home health agency licensed pursuant to Chapter 8 of
Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code.
SECTION 4. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030P of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical order:
"Primary caregiver" shall have the same meaning as set forth in state law, including
Health and Safety Code Sections 11352.5, 11362.7, and following, or as may be
amended.
SECTION 5. Cupertino Municipal Code section 19.08.030Q of Chapter 19.08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical order:
"Qualified patient" shall have the same meaning as set forth in state law, including
Health and Safety Code Sections 11352.5, 11362.7, and following, or as may be
amended.
SECTION 6. Title 19 of the Cupertino Municipal Code is hereby amended to add
Chapter 19.98 to be numbered, entitled, and to read as follows:
CHAPTER 19.98 Medical Marijuana
19.98.010 Purpose
19.98.020 Prohibitions
19.98.030 Enforcement
19.98.010 Purpose. The purpose and intent of this section is to prohibit medical
marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities, medical marijuana deliveries,
and commercial cannabis activities, as defined in Chapter 19.08, Definitions, within the
city limits. It is recognized that it is a Federal violation under the Controlled Substances
Act to possess or distribute marijuana even if for medical purposes. Additionally, there
is evidence of an increased incidence of crime-related secondary impacts in locations
associated with marijuana cultivation facilities and medical marijuana dispensaries and
in connection with medical marijuana deliveries, which is detrimental to the public's
.� � ::�
Ordinance No. � �J Agenda Ite�#: 13 :
� I Page 7 City Council 1Vleeting:Febrc�ary 2;2016
Desk Item
health, safety, and �velfare. The State of :Californla°s Iicensing ancl regtxlation as :
contemplated by Assembly �ills 243 and 266 and `Senate �11I 643 have not yef taken
effect no�°been implementecl, ancl the City CounciL'desires to preserve local control-over
these uses and actYv�ties. 1Vothing in thYs Chapter is intended to circumvent co�il.pliance
with state lawe
19098:020 Prohibitionse
(a) The following are prohibitede
(1) 1!/ledical marijuana- dispensaries in all zones in. the city and'shall not be
established or`operatecl anywhere in the c�tyo
(2) 1Vlarijuana cultivation facilities in aIl zones in the city .ancl shall not be
:
estabIished or opex°ated any�vhere 1n the citye ` `
(3) Commercial cannabis activities in a11 zones in the city and shall not be
estabiished or operafed anywhe�°e in the cif�r.
(b) l�To pe�°son. sha11 own, establish, open, operate, conduct, ox manage a �nedical
marijuana dispensary, marijuana cultivation facillty, or commercial:cannabis activit-y
� in the city, or be the lessor of property where a rnedical marijuana ctispensary,
marijuana cultivafion facili-ty, or commereial cannabis activlty is located: 1Vo �erson :
shall participate as ari employee, cont�actor, agent, volunfeer, or in any xnanner or
capacity in :any medical marijuana disperisary," rnarijuana cultivation facility, or
comrriercial cannabis activity in the citya -
(c) l�To Permits, grading permit, building perrnit, building plans, zone change,
business Iicense, certi.ficate of occupancy or other applicable approval wi11 be
accepted, reviewed, approved' or issued �for the establishment o�° operation of a
marijuana cultivation fac%lity, medi'ca1 mari�uana dispensa�y, . or comrnercial
cai�n.abis activity.
(d) l�Tothing contained in thi�s seetion shail be deemed to permit or autho'rize any
use or activity which is otherwise prohYbited by:any state or federal lawe
19.98.030 Enforcement, The city may enforce this section in any manner permitted by
law. The violation of this Chapter shall be and is hereby deciared to be a public
nuisance ancl shall, at the dlscretion of �he ci`ty, crea�e a cau.se: of action for injunctrve
-
reliefe . , , ;.
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Ordinance No. � Agenda Item#: 13
� Page 8 City Council Meeting:February 2,2016 ;
Desk Item
SECTION 7. FINDINGS. The following findings are made under Cupertino
Municipal Code section 19.152.030(D):
(1) The proposed Ordinance conforms with the latest adopted general plan for the
City in that a prohibition against marijuana cultivation facilities, medical marijuana
dispensaries, commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana delivery
services does not conflict with any allowable uses in the land use element and does
not conflict with any policies or programs in any other element of the general plan.
(2) The proposed Ordinance will protect the public health, safety, and welfare and
promote the orderly development of the City in that prohibiting marijuana
cultivation facilities, medical marijuana dispensaries, commercial cannabis activities,
and medical marijuana delivery services will protect the City from the adverse
impacts and negative secondary effects connected with these activities.
(3) The proposed Ordinance is consistent with Municipal Code Title 19, which
currently bans marijuana cultivation facilities, medical marijuana dispensaries,
commercial cannabis activities, and medical marijuana delivery services under
principles of permissive zoning.
(4) The proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of section 15378 of
the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") Guidelines because it has no
potential for resulting in physical change in the environment, either directly or
ultimately. In the event that this Ordinance is found to be a project under CEQA, it
is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEQA Guidelines section 15061(b)(3)
because it can be seen with certainty to have no possibility of a significant effect on
the environment.
SECTION 8. SEVERABILITY. If any section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause,
phrase, or portion of this Ordinance is, for any reason, held to be invalid or
unconstitutional by the decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision
shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance. The City
Council hereby declares that it would have adopted this Ordinance, and each section,
subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, phrase, or portion thereof, irrespective of the
fact that any one or more sections, subsections, subdivisions, sentences, clauses,
phrases, or portions thereof be declared invalid or unconstitutional.
SECTION 9. The City Clerk shall certify the adoption of this Ordinance and shall give
notice of its adoption as required by law. Pursuant to Government Code Section 36933,
���. . . � . . . . . �� . . . . _ rr._,� _ _ .
Ordinance Noe �� ��,� 1�genda Iterr�#: 13
�� � Page 9 City�ouncillVleeting:February 2,2016
I�esk Item
a summary of this Ordinance may be published and posted In Iieu of publication and :
posting of the ent�re texte
,
II�TTIZOI��tJCEI� at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Cupertino
the 19th day of January,2016 and EllTACTED at a regular meeting of the CZty Council of
� �
the Cit-y of Cupertino the of 2016, by the following votee
iTo�ee �/Iernbers of the Cit�Council
�
Ayesa
l�Toes:
A.bsent:
` Abstaino
ATT'ESTe APPRO�lED.
Grace Schmidt, City Clerk �arry Chang, lVlayor, City of Cupertino
;
,
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CITY HALL
'f 0300 TORRE AVEIVUE�CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255
������"`� TELEPHOIVE: (408)777-3223 e F�OX: (408) 777-3366
Too �l�r�r��n��epartrnent
Fr�mo �.rst�n Sqtxarcia
S�xbyecta EY��C� �Y�.. LT�°��Yl�3T O�°�l.Yl..�.Yi.C� �YlC� �O�1�t�Ct ��1� �1�St ���C�1�� Of �Y� O�C�1�l��C�
� arrt�nclin� th.� �upe�f�no �/Iunicipal �od� to px°o1�.bit marijuana �ul-�vat�on,
d�.�pensar�e�, and deliver��s and. comrn����.�.1 car�.n:abis a�t�.v�:tie� �nr�.th.�.n th.e
���r of Ctxper�noe (Applica�.on �Too �CAm2015-0�; L�catione C�-�r-wid.�;
Applicanto Ci�y of C�.per�.no)
I�ateo �anuary 2�, 20�6
At its�anuary ��, 20�.6 rneetin�, the �up��°tino City�ouncil to�lc�h�foYl�vv�n� a��ione
1. F UNI� 'T AT 'T E PIZ POSE a4.CTI NS A E EaCE P'I' � O CE Ao '
1�.1�I� �o E�TA�'TE U GEI�CY IZ IliTAI�CE N o 16m�1�90 °�Al� I�T'TE I
LTIZGE�TCY I�INA�TCE � 'I'I-iE CI'TY �OLTNCIL 0� T E CI'TY C):F
CLTPElZ'I'INO EST'A LIS ING 1� O AT'O ILTI� ON E ICAL '
, �
1VIAIZIJiJA.I�TA I7ISPEl�SAIZIESo 1VIAIZIJLJANA. C�JLTIVA.'I'IOl� FACILITIES,
;
CO 1VIEIZCIAL CAI�TNA IS A:CTI�TI'I'IES AI�TI� Ii�IE ICAL AIZIJiJANA i
�
I�ELIVEIZIES WITHIl�T 'I'�IE CITY OF �IJPEIZTII�TO PEI�TDING CO�IPL,E'I'ION '
: OF AN ZJP A'I'E TO T E CI'I'Y�S Z �TING CO E°°� A1�D �o CONI�LTC'I'EI�
'I' E FIIZST' 1�EAI3II�TG O� O IN1�l�TCE I�TOa 16�2140a A°A:L�T O I�INANCE OF '�
TI�E CI'TY CO�JNCIL O� 'T E CI'TY OF CLTPEIZTIl�O A ENI�II�TG SECTIOI� '
1900�00�� 1�N �. I�II�G C APTEIZ 19.9� OF 'TI�TLE 19 OF 'T�IE CIJPEIZ'I'INO
LTNICIPAL COI�E IZEGA I�ING EI�ICAL AIZIJLJAI�TA ISPEI�TSA.IZIESv ',
l�AIZIJiJAl�TA CLJL'TIV1�'TIO�T FACILITIES, CO1VIlVIEIZCIA.L, CAI��TA�IS I
ACT'IVI'I'IES,AN E ICAL 1VIA IJLJANA I�ELIVEIZIES°° �
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IJI�GENCY OIZI�INI�I�TCE NOa 16m�139 .
AN IN'I'EIZI �J GEI�TCY OI�I�INANCE OF rC E CI'I'Y CO�JI�CIL O� 'I' E CI'I'Y OF
CLTPER'TIN ES'TA. LIS I1�G 1-� O �1T0 ILJ O�T E ICA.L A IJLTANA
ISPE�TSAIZIES, A IJ�JANA CLTLT'IVATION FA.CILIZ'IES, CO E CIAL
CAI�TNA IS AC'TIVI'TIES,A1�D �IE IC1�.L l�A IJ�TAI�TA ELIVE IES ITI-iIi�T
'T E CITY OF C�PE TINO PEI� II�G CO PLETI 1�T F Al�
�TP A'I'E'I'O 'I' E CITY°S ZONII�TG C Em
�'he�ity Council of th.e C��of Cuper�.n� does her�by ord.ain��follo�rrso
SIE��'��liT �.o Autho�°�.-�o T�1].S O�°�1��1�.C� ].S �CIO�t�Cl �Jl��Sl��Yl��O t�l� ��O�T1S1.O1l.S S��fOY°$Y�
�n Gove�nmen� Cod� sect�on� 36�37(b) and 65�5�(a) �b) �r�.c� p�xrsuant to othe�
appli�able lavve
SEC'I'�Ol�T 20 ��.nclin�so �n aclop�n�this Ord�.ri�ce, th.� Ci-ty Counci�.f�.nd�a
Ae �n ��70, �on�r��s en�cted the �orl.�roll�d �ubs-tance� .A�t ���A�
vvh.ich, arnon� oth�� th..�..n��, m:akes it ille�al to irnport, manufac�:�°e, distr�but�, poss�ss
O�°lIS��11:�Y°1,U�Yl.�1.�.��1��TTY�.lt�����t��o
�o In 1972, California ad.cled Cha�ter 6 to the state IJniforrn�ontrolled
5ubstan��s Act, corr�rnen�in� �.t Health. ancl �afe�r Cod.e sec�on ��350, �rh.ich.
established �h.� sta�e`s proh�bi�on, penalties, and punishm.er�.ts for the possession,
cultiva�.on, transportat�on, and distribution of marijuanae
Ce �n �.996, tl�e voters of the 5tate of California approved. P�°oposi�on
` 2�.5 (the '"A.ct,►' �ealth and Safet�r (H�5) Code 5ection�.�.3�2a5)a
�o ��l�.fo�°n�.a cour-ts have held t1�at the ��t cr�a�es a lim�ted exc�ption
frorn crim.inal li�bilit�r �.nde� the stat� LJx�fo�m. Controll�d Substanc�s Act fo�° sergously
il� ��rsons �nrho ar� ira. ne�d of ri�.edi�al ma�°ijuana for specbf�ed°medi�al purposes and
�rho obta�n and use rnedical ma�°iju�:a undex°l�.m.itecl, spec�fie� cix°cum.stanceso
Eo On Janua�°y 1, 2004, the ►'Meclical �/Iar�juana Pro�ram" (1!/�1VI�),
codified as ��� Coc1e �ec�ons 11362a7 to 1�.362e�3, w�s en�.cted by th.e state Le�islat�.�.re
to clarlf�r th.e s�op� of the 1�ct, e�tablish a voluntary pro�rarn for ident�fic�t�:on cards
�ss�.ecl by coun�ies for qual�f�.ed �atients and prim.a�°y c��°e�ivers, an�l p�ovgde ��°irr�.ina1
irrtrr�unif�r to qualif�:�c1 pa��nts and primary ca�°e�iver� for �ertair�.. activi�.�s involvin�
/ . . .. . � . � . .. � � � � . � . ,
�
�rdinance�To 0 16-213 9
�age 2 , _
rnedlcal m.a�°gjuana, incl�xd.�n� the collect�.ve o�° �ooperaf�ve �txlt�vation of m.edical
mariju��ae
�o �'h.e Calif�rnia 5upr�r�.e :.�Court :ruled ta.r�.ana.m.�usly in City of
Riverside v. Ircland Ernpire .l'atients �Iealth and V1Tell�cess Center, Irec. �20�3) �6 ��le4th 72�,
th.at the A.�t and the MI�/IP do not preeinpt local orclinan�es that �om.ple�ely �nci
perrn�.ently ban rnedi�al ma�ijuar�:� dispensa��es, colle�-�ves, �nd co�pe�°ati.vese
Ge �n 1Vlaral v. City of L,ive Oak (20�.3) 221 Ca�.oAppo4�h 975, the Third
Dist�°ict Cou�t of Appeal h.�1�1, �bas�cl on: Inland E�tpire, �hat there vvas no �°i�ht to
: cultivate rneclical m:arijuana and that a cit� coulcl �.rnplerrlent and enforce a corrt�lete
ban on th.i.� a�tivif�, �ncludir,.� a bari on personal cultivationo
�o O�. Octob�r 9, 2015, 1�s�ernbly�ill� �43 �ncl ��6 and 5enate ��11643
(collecti�r,�ly, the ��Me�i�al Mar�.�u�na I���t�la�on and. 5afet�r Actri ��, eeMIV�IZ�1�") �nre��
en��t�d-to create a stat� �°e�ulatory and l.i��nsin� system gove�°run� the cultiva�on,
: testin�, ��lC� �I:S��°l�1�t101�. ��1�1�C�1C�l 1���1�1111��., ��1� �Y1�Yll�f�C�t�.�°l.Yl� O�1��C�1.C�.1 1�1.��°1.�U�Yl�
, :
( p�°odu�ts, and �l�y�icia.n. recomm:enc�ations fo� �ecl�cal marijuanao �'he nevv 1a�r :also
reco�niz�s a rari�e'of rneclical marijuana bt��inesses�efe�red to as „cornrnercial ca�.abis
�.C�1.�T1$1�S,rr ].Y1�1�.1CI.lY1..�' Cl�It1�T�t1.0Y1 bus�.�.ess�s, rnarijuana prod.u�t m.a.rr�..u.fac�t�xr�rs,
mariju�na di�-tribtxtors and. t�°ansporter�, ma�ijt�.ana test�r�.:� labora�ories, ' an�l
clispen�aries, ancl p�ovides im.m.un�� to rrr,.:�rijuana bu�ines�es operati�� �rrith bot�: a
s-ta�e lic�rise arid a lo�al perrr�.�.to
_
�o VVh:ile the rie�+r le�islation expre�sly p�eserv�s local �ontr°o1 over
rrtec11�a1 rr�.arijuar�..a fac�l�t��s ancl land t1S��, 11�iCIt1C�lY1� ��1� �1�$Y�O�°l� �O prol-�i.bit a11
rn.eclical m.�rijuar�a businesses ancl_cultivat�on corr�.pl�t�ly, nev�rly-�dded Health �5afe�r
Code section. �1362.777(�)(�) provides that if a ci� d.oes not h�v� a lar�::d �.se regula�on
or or�l�nar,.ce re�ula�n� ox° pro�.bitin� rg�.arijtxana cta.Itivation, e�ther expressly or
Ot�l��'�T1S� �.�.Yl��� ��1.I1:C1�1�S O� ��Y°Y�.�:15S�.�T� ZOl'i1T1�, �r chooses not to admiruster a :
�ond�t��nal �errnit pro�rarn unde� -th.at sect�on, then �ommenc�n� Ma��h 1, 20�6, the
stat� Depar-�ent of Food and A�ricultu.re will bec��ra.e th.e sole licensin� a�.th.o�ity for
1�1:�Y°l.�1��1�.�.�1�.1�.�T�t101�:l.l�l���t,�,�.�fl.S�].C�OYle
Jo '�he au�h.or of A.� ��3, �rhich. aclded �ealth � �afet� �ocle sect�or�
: ,
��3�2e777(��(�); h�� �tated th�.t tl�is preer�pti.on pr°ovi�ion �ras l�ft inadve�tently in th:e
final vex°sion of A� �43 an�l�ntx°ocluced �e�isla�on to c�ele�e subdivision (c)(4)o
�� �
�
�rd�nance 1Vo. 16-2139
��.ge 3
Ko '�'he clean-up le�is�.a�ion is pend�n�, �l�.t 1� 1S g10� C��°$�g11 �/l7�1����° 1�
will b��orn.e �ff�c��ve prior to -kh� Marcl� 1, 20�6 �e�dline re�ardin� m.a�°ijuan�
: cultiv�tion, I10�° 1S lt C��°$�.1.�. �iT��� ��:11� �°�1�1�I.��t10Y1S �T�l�.IC� �� f0�° � �1�T t�l�t �0�� 110�`
have a rnarijuan� cult�va�.on r��ulat�on or ox°dinanc� in place by th.a�deacll�.n�e
Lo �n additi.ori, A� �66 provide� that meclical rn.ari�ua.r�.a delivex°ies can
�n1y be m.ad.e by a �tate-I1C�1�S�� �1.S�JJ�%lS�.�°�J 111 � �1.�, count�r, or city ancl count�r that
does not explicitly proh�.bit it by local �rclinance (�u�iness and. Professions Cod.� se�tion
�.�340(a), �3��'� Of A� ���o� T�1����0�°�, lYl OY°Cl�Y° f0� � Cfl�T ��° �O�fl.1.fl�.�T �O ��0�.1�1�' YII::�C�l��l
: yYl.��°1�1��Y1� ��I1�T��37 S��°�T���S b�7 �.�15�J�Y15��°�, i-t vvill need to enact�n�xpre�s�bano
. Me �h� Mtxn�:�ipal Code �O�S 110t �1��I� �?C�J���S �Y'��T1S10Y'�.� Y'���Y°�lY'�.�
medical rnarijuana d°ispens��°�.�s, mar�j�ana cultiva�on fac�.li�.eso com.rne�cial �ar�abi�
�.CtY�Tl.�1.�5, �C�: ���°�.�U.��1:� ���1V��°Y��a '�'�e�� .u�es are not li�ted �s a pe�mitted or
conc�.itiona�.ly permitted. land uses ir�. th.� Zoru.n� �ode and �re therefor� proh.ib�.�ed �.n
Cupe�°�no �nd�r pxin�iples of perrrr�..�ss�ve zor�n� (City of Corona v. I�Taulls (200�) 166
�aloAppa4� 4��, 43�-�33)o More�ver, $�ll.� MlXI1.1CS.��l COCl� ���1�1�°�� �OF�p�1�iC� �i7I�1. �1.�
the rrtost x°est�°ict�ve law, vvhich. in �h.i�`case is federal la�v, �rhich p�°ohibits all rnar�.juana
ac�:vi-�o (�uper-�no l�uru.c�:pal Code §§�00�°010(5), 19o04a030o0
l�To �ovvever, based on the ambi�uous lar�.�ua�e of �-I�alth ar�d �afe�
Cod� s���or�. �.�:3620777(�)(4), the Ci�r C��.nci� h�� det�rrn�ned t11�at an express
10�[un�ci�al �ode re�ula�.on r��a�din� rnarijuana cuTtiva�.�n i� nec��s�ry in ox°cl��° to
` ensure that -the state cloes not becorne th.e sole 11.C�Yl.Sl.1�� autho�i�y f�r rn��i�uar�:a
`
cultiva�io�. �nrithin Cup�r�.no afte�° Ma�°ch. 1, 201�, ancl to avo�.�l ur�n.eces�a�°y Ii��a�.�n
�rrith. �e�a�d to th.e C�ty'� ��m.plian�� vvith: I�ealth. ancl �afe� �ode s�ct�on
,
1�3�2e�77(c)(�)a �upert�..rt� intends to preser°ve �ts ri�h.t� �o anc� fu11 a�bility t� prohi�bit
� [ rn.arijuana cult�vat�on or im:pos� regula�on� upon su��.'a land usee '�'h� nevv st�te la�nr
does riot cl�fine�nrhat °,sol� li�ensir�� au�ho�°i�r" rr�.e�n� �.n this context; so it is irr�pe�°at�ve :
that th,e C�t�r p�ovid.e cla�i�o
Oe �n City of Corona v. 1Vaulls, t1�e issue of vvhe-ther �orona`s zon�.n� �
cod� was perrni�sive �nras d�sputeclo Alth.ou�h the -tr�al co�.�°t �ncl a�pellate court�
re��lved t�.e r�.�.atte�in f�.vo�° of Co�ona, -the �ity�ra� requirecl �o p�°��ent evid�nc� or�.th.e
_ issueo �'h.e Cit3r intends to avoicl any unce�tain�o _ i
Po �t gs �mperat�ve th.a-� th.e City retain local land u�e control over �
� J, ° � ° '�
rr�ari°uana ct�ltivat�one 5everal Califorr,..�.�. cit�es �.r�d. coun��es have �x �x°ienced se�°ious ,
;
aclverse�.m.pacts a�sociate��nr�th a�d rest�.ltin�f�°orn:m.edi�al marijuana dispensar�es and �
��
�
�
�
i
,
I
,
�
I
I
� �
�
�rdinance�T�. 16m2139
Pa�e 4
c�:I��.vat�on sitesa ACCO�°C�I.Y�� �� ���5� CO%Yt�lX�1�1�5 �Y1C� �CCO�C�lY1� �O �I��TS S$OY'l.�S�T1.C��I�T
repo�°ted, rn�di�a�. �.a�°�.juan� �ct�v��es h:av� �°esulted in and/or caused a� �n�rease in
��°im�, in��.ud�n� bu��la�i��, �°�bb��°ies, v�ol�nce, and ill��al �al�� of m.a�°ijuar�.a -to, and
us� of m:a�°�.�ta.ana by, m�nors `and othex° persons �vith�ta.t r�.�.ed�cal need �.n th.e areas
li 1.rrnme�iat�ly stxr�oundin� sta:c�.mecl��al marijuana activ�tiese: �here have also been lar�e
nurn�ers of�omplaints of odors related to the cultivat�o�.ancl stora�e of rnarijuanao
�a A Califo�°nia _�ol��e Chiefs Associati.on com.pilat�on o� poli�e
r�ports, ne�rs stories, and �tat�.st��al resear�h re�a�din� c�°im.es �.nvolvin� m.�dical
marijuana businesses and th.ei� seconcla�°y irnpa�t� on th:e com.rnuni� �.s contained in a
2009 �nrhit� pape�° �°epo�t vvh.��h. is attached to th� s�aff repor-� presente� to the C�t�
Couric�l vv�.th t1�.� ordinance �r�.d on file�nri-th.th� Ci�r Cle�ka
Y�o �'�1� ��.1��� C�.��°� ��l�ri� I�1S$�°1Ct A$�OY°1�1�37'� Offi�e issueci a May
20�4 rnemo�°�nd�.rn �ntitled ��IS�11�..�S Sl��°�O�L1�1C�1�1� IVI�Y'1��.��� 1.I1 S�11$� �lara County,"
�rh.ich outlined many of th:e ne�ati.ve ���ondary �ffe�t� �esultin� frorn rn.arijt�ana
cultiva�ion; a �opy of th�s m.em.orandurn. i� atta�h.�d t� the staff repor°t pr�sentec� to th.e
C�. Co�.nci1�nrith this orclinan�e ancl on f�le�nrith the Ci Clerke
� �
Sa �he �an�a �lara Coun�y �ublic �efender �ssued a �ay 2014
memorandurn �ntitY�c1 "°�ub�tan�e—��1���� ��.1.5���1�1.0Y1� fl�l: t�.� ��5� �I.C�� ZT�.lOYl �1.��
��hoo1 �ist�ict,rr a.�S��°l.�l�l� � C��°��1�.�10Y1 ��$�T��Yl �11�S��Yl�� ��1���-re�atec� suspension�
gn local hi�h s�hool� and a p�°oliferat�on of m.ed.icaY mar�.juana dispensaries in the area; a
�opy of this rn.�rno��nclurrt is attacl�ed to th.e staff repo�°t presented to the �ity Coun�il
�ri�h.th.is or�inan�e ancl on file'with th.e Ci�Clerk
T'e I�Te�rs stor�.es re�ardin� adve�se �.m:pact� �f m.ed�.cal m.ar�jta.an�
bus�ne�s�s, l.Y1C�.l�..�1�1� �I���Yl��Y°fl�S, �l�.I.�1�7��101'1 S1t�S, �1� ��I��T��'�T S��°�T1C�S, �Y°� ������1��
to the st�ff repo�t p��sent�cl to the �i�r Counc�l�r�tl1.�h�� o�d�.nan�� and on file vvi�i�e
���r Cle�ke
;
�Jo �t is reasonable �o con�lucle that medlcal marijuana clispensar�es, I
m:ar�.�uana cult�.vation facglities, comrrr�.ercial �an.ri.abis activit�es, and m.edical m.a�°ijuarl.a
deliver�.es �ro�ld cause sirn�lar adver�e impa�ts on tl�e publi�heal-�h, safety, and welfar�
�.n�upe�°tin�e
�To gn �r°de� �o prote�t the publi� he�lth, safe�, and vvelfare, the.Ci�
Coun�il clesi�°es to a�i.encl the Munic�pal Cocle �o adclress, in �xpre�s te�°ms, rnecli�al
rnarijuana disper,.sar�.e�, m.arijuana cult�vation f a��l�ties, cor.�:rn.e�°c�a1 ca�ab�s a�tivi�es,
, ,. . � r. . . . /`.,.... . . .
� � . � , � � � - �� . � � � �.. . . .
�rdinan�e I�To, 16�2139
�age 5
and rn�dical 111.�.�'1.�t1�.Yl� a.�I1�T��l.�So �'he City ��uncil h�reby dete�°rn�n�s that the
Murucipal Cocle is in need of furthe�° �ev�.ew ar�.d �evision to prote�t tl�.e pt�.blic a�ainst
po�en�al ne�at�ve he�.lth., safety, ancl�r�lfare irnpa�ts and. to acld��ss �he ne�r marijuana
-business m.oclel� re�o�nized uncler M1���1�a
�Vo The c�mpacted t�rne frame in I-�ealth and :�afety Code se�tion :
�.�.362o777(c)(�) fo� adop�.n� a marijuana cul�.vation re�ul��on or o�°d�nanc� does not
�➢�°0�71�� StX¢f�.�1�Y�.��l.YYt� t0 �O�iSla.��°:�11.C�. �.C�O�Jt � �°��1�.I.�� Z01�1T1� �0�� �YI��TL�1�1�Y1�, �rhich
�.nclt�.cl�� pub�ic notic�, �or,.�bde�°ata.on by the Planrl.%n��om.r.ni�sio�, and f�.r�t ancl �econd
�°�adin� b����� th� C�.t;y Counc�l. AS �. �'���Ll.lt �� �h.� ].�1.��Y1..�1.1�.� ���'�h. �., ZQ�.6 c�eadline
r��a�d�n� m.�r�juana cultivati�n, tl�.e p�t�n�.al publ�.c h.ealth., safe�y, ar,.d �relfar�
�onsequen�es of�ot hav��� a rrtariju�na cul��vation re�ula�on or o�°cl�.n�nce in p�.a�e by
�ax°�h �S; and th.� potential for urtn.e�essary. an� �ostly l�tt�.�a�.on involvin� the
int��pretat��n of �eal�i ancl 5�fety Cod� �ecf�,on ��36207�����(4� ��1� 1�S ���Il��tl.011: t0
th:e C�.t�r, an �nte�im. proh�bi�.on or�. marijuana cultivation ancl the issuance of any
�e�°m.its artd/or en-�tlernents rel�tin�to marijuana �txlt�vation�.�necessary fox° a per�:ocl of
45 d�yso �'he �.oss of �.o�al lancl u�e �ont�ol ove�° rnari�uana cultivation�rould r�sult�.n �
�l��Y°�l�t s�11.�1�Y1.YYl.��l�t� ���°�������1.��U.�11C�.��1��, safety, and�r�lfareo
Xe Orl. Novernb�r 2�, 20�5, t�l� �1����t1.1�10 Pl��llTi..�.�11.� CO�YI..TI.11�S1.0Y1 �TO���
unanimo�.�.sly to re�orn��nd th.at the C�ty Coun��1 adopt an �rclinance am.er�din�
M�.nicipal �od� section 19e0�°030 and adclin� Muni�ip�.l �ocl� Chapter 1909� re�a�°clin�
m.edical ma��juana disp�nsar�e�, m:arijuana cultiva-�on f�c�l�t�e�, �oinm:er�ial �arul.abis
a�f�vi-�es, and r��.ecli�al r�ar�juana delive�ieso
Yo T�� ]:�l.l.�l.��. ���°l0� of �� clays provided by tl�� �nte�°irrt ur�ency
ord�.r�.an�e v�ri�l perm.�.t th.e �i�r Cou�cil t� �arefully co���der and act upon the �la�in�
�omrr�issiori's recoril:mend COl�.�°S� O� �C�1.011. �°�����1�.� gY�.���.C�I. �.�.�°l.�ll�l'l� businesses
a�.c� �ctiv�.t�eso
Za Govex°nrx�.ent �od� sect�ons 36937 and 65�5� authorize the aclop�on
of ar�..interirr���°�ency or°c�.inance to ��°otect th.e public health, safetlr, ancl �relfare, and to '
prol�ibit land. uses that may �o�l�ct vvith land. use re��.xlat��n� that a �i-t�r°s �e�islative ,
�O�1�S ��°� �OY1S1:C���°1.1'��, ��t�xdyin�, O�Y.Il��%1a.1�1.�$O S�l�.��T�lT1.��1.111 ��°���OY���l�$1T��o ,
i
; �
AAe Failu�e �� aclop-t t�� m.orator�.um: cotxld �rrtpa�r the o�°derly ancl
eff�ctive i�. lernentat�or�.of�ontem la,
p p te�. arnenclrnents to the Murucipal Codeo
�
�
Ord�nanc�1�To. 16-2139
�a�e �
��a �'�.� Ci� Council fu�ther f�.nd� th.at -�Yi.is m�ratorium. i� a mat�er of
local and Ci-�-�ride irnp�rtanc� and �.s not d�:�°ect�d to�rards any par-�cu�:ar pers�n or
�Y��1�T t�.�t S��'�S t0 CU.It1�T���1��T'l�l�.�gl�l�l�1����°�1%lOo
CCa �h�prop�secl Ord�nance c�nforrns vv�th.th.� latest adop�ed �eneral
pl�n for th.e Ci��n th�t a p�ohibition a�ainst marijuar�a�uYtivation fa��l�t�es, medical
marijuari.a dispensa�°ies, cor.n.me�°cial �aririabis activities, arid mecl�.ca1 rnari��ana del�ve�y
serv�ce� �lo�s not�onflict with�ny allowable ix�e� �n the land use �lernent and cloes not
c�nfli�t with:any policies o�°p�°o�ram:s�n a�y other element of th.e �eneral plano
D�a '�'h��ropo�ed Ordinan�e�rill pr�tect the publ��h.ealth., safety, and
�r�lfa�e and prom�te th.e o�°derly developm:ent of the C�t�r in tha�prol�ibi�.n�m.a�ijuana
, _
�ultivat�on facflliti�s, �edical mariju�na d�.spens��°ies, corn.m.�r�ial.c abis a��v��es,
and m�clical marijuana cl�l�very ser°v�ces w�ll p�°otect'th.e�i-ty frorn tl-�e adverse lmpact�
and ne�a�ve se�ond��°y�ffect�:�or1r'.ectec��vith th�se act�v��.eso
�
_ : ��o ��1���°O�JJOS�C�O��1Y1�riC�l.S COYISIS��Y1��Nl��l I�l�.Y11C1��1�OC��T�ltl� �9,
�nrh.i�h�ur�ently ba�s mariju�na cult�vat�on facil�.tie�, rrLed�.c�l m.��iju�na dgspen�a�ies,
cornrnercial carii��bis ac�:vytie�, and rrtedical rn��°ijuana clel�v�ry se�°vi�es under
pri�ciples of p��m�ss�ve zon�.n�o
�Fa ��1��J�°O�JOS�C� 0��1�1�.11.C�l.S 1'�.0����OJ���iNTl��1111���11'1���11'l�O�
se�f�on �.537� of the �aliforr�.ia�nvironrnentaY Qualgty Act (��CEQA") Guideline�
because it has no�o��n�.al fo�°restxlt�..n�in physical chan�e yn the �nv�.ror�r�ent, eithex°
dY���tly or ultim�telyo �n�e eve���.at this Ordinan�e is found �o be a proj�ct uncler '
CEQA, l.��.S �1.1�J�C�t0 t�t� C�QA�X���t1011:CO%l$�11����rl:CEQA GUICI�IlY1�S S�Ctl.0Y1
�.506�(b)�3)�ecatxse �t can be seen�nrith.c�rtaini�to have no�os�i�b�.li�of a si�n�.ficant
effe�t on the en.vi�°onmen�.
SEC�I'IOl�3a �rn osi�on of �'err�. orar°y Moratox°iume �r� accorclan�e �rith tl�e authorif�r �!
� �
�ra.rtt�cl the Ci� under Go�rerr�ent Cod.e sections 36937(b) and 65�5� (a), (b), and
pursuarit to tl�e findin�� stated h�rein, the Ci�r Council he�eby f�nds �.�te (1) th.�
for��oin� findin�s �.�°e true and �o��e�t, ancl (2) ther� ex�s�s a current and immed�ate
' th.�°eat �o the public 1��alth, �a���r, and �Telfare fro�ra. unre�ulat�d mar�ju�na bus�n�sses,
�specially m.arij�.ana cultivat�on fac�.lit�es, operatin� in �upert�n�� and. (3) th.�.�
O�dir�:ance is nec�s��ry for the irnmediate prese�°va�.on of the public peace,health, and
- safe�r as set fo�th herein; and. (4) h.ereby de�lares ancl im.po�es a temp�rary mo�atori�rr�
for the �rnrnediat� p�°eservat�on of th.e publi� 1�ealth, ��fety ar�.cl vvelfare as set forth.
belo�ra
( �
�
�rdinance I�T�. �6�213�
�age 7
A.o I�ed.i�al rnarijuana d�.spensa�ie� are prohibited in all zone� �.n the city and
sh.all not be e�tablished or ope�atecl anywh.er�in tl�.e c�.tyo
�e I��Y°1,1.1�� C�.II.$1.�T�.t10I1 ���].II.tY�S ��°� ��'O�.l.�l��� 11� �.11 ZO�.�� lI4 t�l.� Cl.� �%1�
�hall no�be �stablish�d or�pe�°ated anywh:er�in the ci�o
; Ce �om.m.e�c�.al cartrtab�s �c�.vi�.es a�°e proh�bit�d in all zor�..es in th� ci� and
shall not b�establi�h.�d or op�rated a.rr,.y�rh:e�°e�.n the cityo
�a �To pe�°so�. sh.all ovvn, ��tablish, open, ope�ate, con�uc�, �r man�.�e a
g11��1��I �.��°lJl�.�%1.� C��S��YlS�Y'�T, m.a�°ijuana �ul��ration'fac�.l��y, or ��mmercial car�abis
a�tivity �n th� c�.ty, O�° �� t�� I�SSO�° O¢ �TO��Y°�L�T ViTh.�Y°� � l�.�C�I.C��. YY���°1��,1��.� C�l.S�J�IIS�Y°�7,
ma��.ju�.na: ctx��iva�ion facil�.�, �r com.m.er�ial ca�a�b�s a��vity is lo�atede �To p�x°son
sh�ll participate �s an employ�e, c�nt�°a�to�, 'a�ent, volunte�r, or in any m�er or
capa��t�r in any rr�:ed�.�al mar��uana ` dispen�ary, rr�.arijuana cult�.vation fa�ility, o�
:COl�l.l'Y1.���1�I C�1111�b1S ��t1�T1�T 1�t�� C].�Te
�o No,Perm.�ts, ��ac1�n�perm.it,bt�.ilclin�perrrtit,build�.n�plans, zone ch.�n�e,
business license, ce����cate of o��upancy or ot�.er ap�li�able approval �rill be accep-tecl,
re�rie�nred, approv�d o�° i�s�.ecl fo�° the establisl�m.ent �r operation of a marijuana
ctxltivat�on fa��li�, YY1�C�.1���.%11.��°I�l��Yl.� C�1S��1'�S���T, O��OT11.I�1.��°C1�1 C��lY�.��l.S �C$1�T].�To
Fa A.��ased �.n tl-us �rd.inan�e, �e followin�d�fi�,tions applye
�.o s'�om.mercial canr�.ab�.s act�..vi�„ sh:all h.ave th.e m.e�nin� se-t
forth.in�u�iness and P�°ofess�ons �ocle s�c�on �.�300o5(k�o
20 °sCultivation" ri�.eans any �ctiv�ty involv�.n� the plan�.n�,
��°ovvin�, harvest�:�.�, dry�.n�, ctx�°��, ��ad�n�, or tr°im.mir��of m.ari�uanae
30 "Ma�°i�uana" means alY �arts of th� plant � abis, v�rhether
�ro�+rin� o�° noto th.� s�ecls thereof; t:h.e resin extra�ted. frorn. a.n.y p��°t of th� plant; and
�very cornpound manufac�tix�°e, �alt, deriva�.v�, mixtixre, or p�ep�ration of the plant, its
seeds or x°es%no �t in�lucle� m.arljuan� infu�ed in food.stuff, and con��ntrat�d car�.n:abi�
�nd the s�parate�. r�sin, ViTh.���ll.��° C�1�::C1� O�' �JJ���°l.f].�C�, obtainecl fr°orr� rrtarijuar�..ao It does
��
not inclu�� -the ma�xre st�llcs of th.e plarit, fiber produ��d �rom th.e stallc�, o�l o�° calce
m.ade f�om the seeds of the pl�nt, any other �orn��txnd, m.anufac�re, salt, cierivative,
„.-'-� �
�
Ordinance�To. 16m2�39
�age �
rnix�x�°e, or p�eparat�on of th.e m.a�.re stallcs(except�°esin ex��actecl �e�efrom), fib��, o�l,
or cake, or th� sterilized seed� of th�pl�n�that;a�e incapab�.e of�e�°m�.a�.one
_ �e °'Mari�uana �u1�.vation facility„ m�an� any business; fa�ili�y,
use, establishr�l.ent, p�°o��rty, or lo�at�on �v�ere the cul�.vation of marijuana occurse A
rn.a�°�juana cult9.vation facility cloes not in�lude �ultivation�by a qu�l�.fiecl pat�ent at his or
her prim�.�°y resid�nc�provicled..th.at th:e qualifiecl pa-�en�cult�vate� maryjuana solely for
his or h.er pers�nal use and cloes n;�t provicle, donate, sell, or distribute such. rnari�ua�a
_
to any oth�� pe�°�one Qual�f�ed pa�.ent �hall hav� th:e same rr�..��.�n� a� cl�fined in
Cali�ornia�ealtl�a�d�afet�r Code � ��36205 ancl follo�r�n�e
50 "�edical �arijta:a.r,.�'' 1.� �]:1��°l�tl��.� 1�.��� f0�° YYl��].C�� �1X�°�JOS�S
whe�� �ha� rn.edical u�e is d.eern.ed appropriate` and has been �°e�om.rnencl�d by a
physi�ian vvh� has determgn�d tha-t th.e person°s health vvoulcl b�n�f�t frorn �h.e use of
mari�uana in the t�°eatm.ent of acquirec� �.rn.mune clefi�iency syndrom:e (��A�DS"),
anorex�a, a�°th��.�.s, cance�, C�1�OYlflC p�lYl, �I�U.�Ol�.�, TYl1�I°�11'l�, S��5t1�1.�7, or any o-�er
: ser�.ous rned�.eal ��ndi�on fo�°�rh.ich ma�ijt��r,.a is dee�ied �o provide �°elief a� defined in
subse�tio�. (h) of Cal�.fo�ni��-I[ealth.and Safety Code § �.1362o�e
�o '°Medical ma�ijt�.�r,.a dispensary�� rneans any business, fa��li�,
u�e, esta�blishme�t, propert�r, �� l��a�.�n, �rhetl�e�° fixed o� r.n.obile, �nrhere `medica�
' mar�j�ana`is s�1d:, m.ad.e av�ilable, delivered and/o�° c�i�t�°ibut�de 1�: ��med�:cal m.�rijuar,.a
clispensary�� d��s not�.n�lude th.e f�Ilo�rin�useso
aa A '�quaYified pat�.er�t`° transport�n� "medical marijuana'° '
exclu�gvely`fo� his or hex° personal in�d.ical use an� h.e or �he
_ ,
` �loe� not p�ov�de, donate, sell; o�° d�.strib�at� m.ar��uana t� any
other pe�°so�.;
�o �. ee��°lYYl�g°�T ���°��1�T�y°'� clel�.verin� or tran�por�:n� °'rn�dical
m.arijuana” f��° the personal m:ecl�cal p�rposes �f no mo�e than
fiv� spe�ifiecl „qua�ified pati.er�.ts" for vvhom. h� or �he is the i
p�ima�°y car°e�a.ve�° �nri�hin th� meariin� of �e��.on �1362a� of the
; _
Cal�.fox°nia �ealth and �afe� Cod.e, but �vh.o does not rece�ve
rernun��ati�n fo� these ac�vi�es except for �oxr�.pensa�ion�:n full
compliance �nrith subdivision (�) of �ec�.on �.�3�2e765 0� the
�alifo�nia Health ancl�afe-���deo
�a A. clinic licensed �.�st�.ant to Ch� ter � of �iv�.sion 2 of the
` � - �
�
�alifo�°nia��a�th and Safe-�r�ode, ,
� �
�
�rdinance IVo o Y 6-213 9
�a�e �
do A health care facilit�r l�.censed pu�suan� to Chapter 2 of I�ivi�ion
2 of the ��liforr�.i�.�ealth.and 5a�et-y Coc1�;
�o A �°�Sl��l�tl�l C��°� facil�:�t�r fo� �ersons �rith. �hronic Yife-
threaten�n�illne�� li�ensed p�xx°suant to Chapter 3oO1 Of DI�I1S1�%1
2 of�he C�lifornia��alth and�afe�r Cod�,
fo A residen�:al care facility fo� the eld.e�°ly licensed pu�suant -to
Chap�er 302 of Cal�forrl.ia �ivision 2 of the I�ealth and. Safety
Code; �r _
�a A: r�sid�nt�al ho�pi�e, or a l�.�m� h�alth ��ency 1i�ensed
_
pu�°suar�..t to Chapter �of D�.v�.sion 2 of tl�e Cal�.fornia Hea1-th. and
_ Safe�y Codeo
70 "Pr�r.�.ary care�iver" sh.a11 h.ave the sar�e rnearun� as set forth. in
California �ealt� and Safet� Code 5ec�.on� �.�36�e5, �136207, and follovvin�o or a� m.ay
be amendede
�o "Qualif�ed patient" �hal1 ha�e the sam� rneanin� a� �e� �orth in
Calif�rn�� H�a1th. and Safety Cocle �ec�.or�:� �136205, �136207, and f�llowin�, or as may
be amendede
�o A.ny use or° condition causecl or perrr�.ltt�cl�o exist in v�olation of any of the
pro�sions of this ��°dinance s1�a11 b� and i� h.ereby de�lared a public ntx�.�ance and rrtay
be abated:by th.e Cit�r pursuant to th:e p�ocedures se-�forth.�.n Ar�.�1�50 of th.is Cocl�o
S]ECT'��loT�o �ffe�tiv� �ate and Du�°at�ono Ptxrsuan� �� �ov�rr�rnent �od� sec-��n '
65�5�(a), (b), this ��d�nan�e shall take eff�ct imrn.�diately but �h.al�. be of no fur°th.e�°;
fo�c� and eff�ct �5 days f�°orn its da�� o� adoptiori unless the Ci-� Cou�cil, af-ter n�-�ce
a.n.d publ�c h�a�°�:n� as-provi�led under Govern�.ent Code sec�.on 6��5�(a), (b) ai�.d
adop�.on of the findin�� x°equired by �ove�°r�.rrtent Cocle se�t�on �5�5�(�), ��xbsequently
extend.s tha.� Ord�anc�e
: �]ECT�ON 5o Report of �r�.te�°irn. I�o�°atorgta.mo Pur�txant �o Gove�°nrr,.ent Code �ec�.on _
�5�5�(d)r �.O ���TS ��°10�° �O $�� �X�JJl.�°��011.O�° �gl..� �?C��YlS�.0�1.Of$�11.15 �Y����11�1 0��1��11��, the �
C�� Counc�l �nrill issue a �rritten report d�sc�°ib�.n� the rneasures -taken to alleviate �e '
�OY1�1�1�Y1��Th.1.��.1.1�� t0 �'�� �ClO�t101�.O���i.13 I1�t�Y°1YYl O�'�1.Y1�Y1.C�a
S�����liT �o Compliance vvi-th CEQ1�a The �i� Counc�l h.�reby finds th.at th.is
Ordinance i� �xerr�.pt f�om. �th.e provisions of th.e Califo�°nia Envi�onment�l Quality A��
(Public Resources Code Sect�on 21000, et seqe� (C�C�A)be�ause th� ���r Coia.ncil h.ereby
� ;
�
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� �;---
Ord�nance IV�0 16-213 9
�a�e 10
fincls that it �a�. be seen �erith certaint�r th.at the�°e �.s no possibili�r �h� �doption ancl
im.pler.�.enta�.on of this �rdinan��rnay hav� a���nifi�ant effect on the environm.ent, and
the �rdinanc� is ex�m.pt from CEQA �ur�txant to CEQA �uid�lin�s Se����ns
�.506�.�b)(�), �506�.(b)(2), ancl ��061(b)(3)o Moreover, th.e adopt��r�: of this Ordinan�e i�
ftx�°ther �x�m.pt ��om ��QA �be�ata.se th� O�°dinarice do�s not chan�� �xistin� Ci� la�nr
and-p�actt�..cea :
���TIOl� 70 �everabilitya '�'h� Ci� Coun�il h.ex°eby d�clares ever°y �e��.on, pa�°a�raph,
sentence, cause and ph.rase is �eve�ableo �f ar,.y sect�on, pa�a��°aph, sentence, clause or
ph.�ase of this ord�nance i� for any rea�on fou�.d. to be inval�:cl or ur�:constitutional, such
invalidi�, or unconsti��onality shaYl not affe�t th.e v�1�.d�.�r or ��nst���onal�-ty of �he
�°�lYl.�.l�'it1Y�::�' S���O�l�, pa�a��aph�, sentence�, �lauses or ph.�°a��so
�E��'��N �o �ubl�.��tti.ono '�'he C�:t3r Clerlc is c��rectecl t� �au�e th�.� o�°dinance to be
p�a.bl��hed in th�rr�a�er�°�qt��red by la�nro
�'�� FOR�G��liTG �.T�GEI��Y ��Z��l�TA�TCE �ras int�odu�ec� and adopted. at a �°e�ular
YYt��$�:1'l.� O� �'�� Cl:� ��11�.�1.Y O� ��1� Cfl�I Of C111�3�Y°�11�0't11� �9$�l ��� Of ,��.%1.�L1..���I, 201� by
the follo�nrin�v�teo
�Tot� Mem.bers of th:e C��Council
A�'ESa Chan�, Vaidhyana-thar�:, �au1, �ir�cs,�T�n�
l�TOESa �Tone :
A�S�l��'e l�or�e
A�5'�'A�I�To I�Ton�
�
�
A'��'ES'�'o AP�RO�T�D e
/s/G�°ace Schrnidt /s/�arry Chan�
G�°a�e�c�rr�.�.d-t,C�.t�r�l��k �a�°�y Chan�, lVlayo�°, Cit�r o�f Cup��°f�no
;
��
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i
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� COM�VIUNITY D�VELO�M�N`�,DEPART'MENT
� `. , „ . ._. r_:� ..; � . ,�„
a' . C�'"�
�� � � ' ., : , � � � � � � CITY HALL� � �
� .
10300 TORRE AVENUE�CUPERTINO,CA 95014-32 5 1 s �
, , TELEPHONE:(408).777-3308 " www:cupertino:org
��,��°�._�, = .. �.
�����'
, ; ;
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' CI'TY COLT�TCIL S'I'AF�IZEPOIZ'T .
: � ` 1Vleet�g:-f anu.ar°y 19;201`6 ,:
, _ .
Su—b�ect
Enact art �CT�gency Ordinance.:�1d conduct.the:;first.�eaclTng of an ordinance amendTng
. �
the Cupert�no �/I�unicipal Code t0 �J�Orll�lt 111c1T1�Ua11a�CL1It1Vat1011� clispensaxies, and ,
CIeI1V�rI�S a11C� COY7i111eY'Cla1 CaI11"11b1S 1Ct1V1t1eS WItI.1111 tI'1�CI� Of;Cltp��'t11"lOe �A�J�JI1Ca.�101'1
l�To. 1VICA=2015-01;Location: City-wide;Appllcant: City of Cupert�no) ,
.� ... , , �
. : : . .
; I�ecommended Action
'�That the City Council: � -
1 Fin�that:the proposed actions are exernpt from CEC,�A; ancl' ;
�
2. E�act LJrgency Orclirlance l�Tor: 16-2139 "An: Inte�lm J LTrgency Ordinance�of t11e City
Cowricil of the City of Cupertin.o Establishin a Moratoriu�n on Medical 1Vlari'uana ;
g I . �
, ,
: Dlspensarges; 1Vlarijuana C-ultiVation Facilities, Commercial Cannabis Activities and
: l�eclical,Ma�ijuana I�eliveries wi�hix�. the City of Cupertino Pencling,Completion of '
- ;.. ; .
; an LTpdate;to the`City's Zoning.Code" (Attachment 11); and � ;
: : I
3 � Con.duct'the first �°eading of Ord�ance 1\To. 16-2140, "An. Orcl7nance of the Cit-y
'�. Council of the City of Cupertino Amending 5eetion 19.0�.030 and Add.ing Chapter
� ; �
19.9� of Title 19 of fhe Cupertino;l�un'icipal Code I�egarding l�/IedYcal 1Vlarijuana
' I�isperisa�ies, 1VIa�iJuana Cultivation Facilities, CoiYiYnereial Canriabis'Activities, arid '
,
1VledicallVlarijuana I�eli.veries" (Attachment�) .
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: ;
Disctxssion :
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; _ :
���k�-round'
.:,, j� ,
� On October _9 2015, ;Governor �rown signed. three. new laws relating to medical
. � �� . �
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marijuana, l�ssembly �ills 243 and 266 and Senate Bill'643: These bills create a broad
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state regulatory ancl Iicensing system governing :the cultivation, testing, and
clistribution of inedical marijuana, the manufaeturulg of ma�ijuana p�oducts, and
_
:.
_ _ . .
physician reco�n.�nenclations for rneclieal rnari�uana.�
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� � �
Under the new legislation, state licenses and local permits will be required for all facets
of the medical marijuana industry:
■ AB 243 establishes the Department of Food and Agriculture (DFA) as the licensing
and regulatory authority for medical marijuana cultivation. Any person who wishes
to engage in commercial cultivation of inedical marijuana must obtain a state license
from the DFA. AB 243 also requires (1) the DFA to work with other state agencies to
develop environmental protection standards, (2) the Department of Pesticide
Regulation to establish medical marijuana pesticide standards, and (3) the
Department of Public Health to create standards for labeling of marijuana edibles.
■ AB 266 creates the Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation within the Department
of Consumer Affairs (DCA) to develop regulations and issue state licenses for
medical marijuana dispensaries, distributors, and transporters. AB 266 designates
the Department of Public Health as the licensing and regulatory authority for
manufacturers of marijuana products and medical marijuana testing laboratories.
Like AB 243, AB 266 requires all state marijuana license applicants to comply with
local permitting requirements.
■ SB 643 establishes standards for physicians that recommend medical marijuana,
including discipline for physicians who recommend excessive amounts. SB.643 also
creates standards for state license applications and enforcement.
Taken together, the new legislation creates the Medical Marijuana Safety and
Regulation Act, which commences at Business and Professions Code section 19300. The
new legislation preserves local control over marijuana facilities and land uses, including
the authority to prohibit dispensaries and other medical marijuana businesses
completely.
There are, however, two provisions in the new legislation that require consideration by
cities.
1. If a city or county does not have a land use ordinance or regulation prohibiting
medical marijuana cultivation, either expressly or otherwise under principles of
permTssive zoning chooses not to implement a regulatory scheme, then commencing
March 1, 2016, the state Department of Food and Agriculture will become the sole
licensing authority for cultivation applicants in that jurisdiction (Health and Safety
Code section 11362.777(c)(4), part of AB 243.) Under that scenario, a city may not be
able to regulate or control cultivation sites operating with a state license.
2. Medical marijuana deliveries can only be made by a state-licensed dispensary in a
�
city, county, or city and county that does not explicitly prohibit it by local ordinance
(Business and Professions Code section 19340(a), part of AB 266.) Therefore, in
S -. .. � � � � . . . � .. . . � �
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order for a .ci�y�:or county to` p�ohibit medical rnarijuana del�.very se�vYces by a�
d;i.spensa�y, it w111 need to enact an exp�ess ban.
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Once .A� 243, 1�� 266, a.rtcl 5� 643 are fully implernen-�ed,.it is a,nticipated that the City
�nrill receive �nore inquiries regard7ng �edlcal marijuana bus7.nesses. `The, Cupe�tino
� �/Iunieipal Cocle cloes .not list med.ical rnarijuana,�dxspensaries, cultivation sites, ancl
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other marijua.na establishments as either; per�ngtted or conditronally-permltted 1�1d
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uses. Such ac�vities, the�efo�e, are'.p�ohibited uncler the p�inciples of perYnissive
zoriirig (arty u.se not eiZurneratecl is'�eernecl prolzibited): _
In City of Riverside v. Inland Empire I'atients ,�Iealth and Wellness Center, Inc. (2013) 56
_ � , .
Cal.4th 729, the Californla Suprerne Court rulecl uizan.imously that the Compassionate
, _ , .
�Jse�Act (P�opositiori 215) (°'CLTA") a.ncl the Meclical.lVlarljuana Progra� Act of 2004
_
("1VIl�PA") clo not px°eeznpt local zoning regulations tha�`cornpietely and permanently ;
ban rnedical marijuarla dispensaries, collectives, and coopexatives, nor do they x�equlre
cities to accornmodate rnedical mari�uana facilities��zy way.
Da�cuss�on _
;
Staff recornmends that the City Council consider adoption of both an. LJrgency
Ordinance a�d. a;�egular ord.inai�ce v�rhich prohibit activit'ies relatecl. to the�culfivat'ion,
d.elive�y, d"11C�L Ot�'ler C017i111eTC11I Ca111"lab1S aCtIV1t1�S:'�The LJrgency O�dina.nce is effective
_, : � � ��, �� � �
, � _
irni�.ediately .�. or"der to` ensure that the Clty �laS a.1'1. `OrC�l11a11CC' by IVI11C�11. 1; 2016 to
preserve Cupert�o's local cont�°ol over this irnportan-t topic. The �°egular o�d�ance will -
., . , :
� proceed�urider�the usual path,;aizd is�effective thrrty clays after the ordiriance enactinent.
;� < >� �. �, ._ , ; , , �
The,urgency orclinance and proposecl cocle arxtenclrnents �eiterate tl�e City's existing ban
on medical rnarijuana ancl ensure'that the City cloes not lose the ability to regulate or
_.
�TOI"t1�1t Ct1If1V1$lOri S1teS dTlCI CI�I.1�7eY'Y SerVICeS II1 tl.1e ftitl.l�°e:
Ur�� O�^dana�ace _ .
c
'The p�oposeci IJrgericy Orclinance is effective �nmedlately upon Couneil approvale It
� � : . . ,
:.,
. , �
coritains 'fTndTngs stating `the :basls for the ur en as well as the facts to 'usti the
g .�v � l � ;
�rese�vation of the public healtl% safety; ancl welfa�e. In this case, the `State's law
� .�� ��
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effec�ive Janua�y 1, 2016, requires the'Ci�y to `have aiz ordu�.ance by 1Vla�ch 1, 2016 i�z
, � : : ...
;: .
order to preserve local control:
,
IZe�u�a�R Ospdar�a�ice
,
The proposed 1Vlunic�pal Coc1e amendxnents would,go in.to effect;on 1Vlarch 3, 2016,
which is�hirty clays after;fhe second:read.Tng on Feb�ua.ry.2, 2016a
�.-- .
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,
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The proposed code amendments would expressly prohibit the following:
1. Medical marijuana dispensaries and deliveries, except a "qualified patient" or a
"primary caregiver" transporting medical marijuana under limited
circumstances and in compliance with state law, and certain facilities such as
hospices, residential care facilities as those facilities can provide medical care or
supportive services for "qualified patients" under state law; primary caregiver
transporting medical marijuana in compliance with state law,
2. Marijuana cultivation facilities, except a qualified patient cultivating medical
marijuana for his or her personal use at his or her primary residence, and
3. "Commercial cannabis activities," which is a term introduced by the new state
legislation and includes marijuana cultivation, manufacturing of marijuana
edibles and related products, distributors, transporters, marijuana testing
facilities, and dispensaries.
AB 243 expressly permits cities to enact a ban on cultivation activities and in addition,
the Court of Appeal in Maral v. City of Live Oak (2012) 221 Ca1.App.4th 975, upheld a
complete ban on cultivation activities.
The proposed code amendments include all of the potential marijuana business that
could possibly operate under the new law in order to avoid a piecemeal regulatory
approach in which certain marijuana businesses are banned expressly while others are
prohibited under permissive zoning principles. Furthermore, express land use
prohibitions will benefit the public by providing clear guidelines regarding the scope of
prohibited conduct and minimize the potential for confusion regarding the City's
policies.
Many California cities have experienced negative secondary effects from medical
marijuana businesses, including dispensaries, cultivation facilities, and delivery
services, as demonstrated by the attached 2009 white paper from the California Police
Chiefs Association (Attachment C), the 2014 memorandum from the Santa Clara
County District Attorney (Attachments D), and various x�ews stories from throughout
the state.i These negative impacts have included unsafe construction and electrical
wiring, noxious fumes and odors, and increased crime in and around marijuana
establishments. Many communities have also had problems with medical marijuana
being diverted to minors for recreational use.
The proposed code amendments are intended to address these issues and protect the
public health, safety, and welfare. In addition, the proposed code amendments would
not prevent the City from allowing medical marijuana businesses in the future.
�
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Co�c�nis�ion lZea��ew and IZe�omme�i'dation _ .
Plannin� Commission:
� ' �n l�Tovember 24, 2015, the I'lanning Con�i.rnissiori revie�vecl=tl�e propo�ed. Ordinance
ancl r.ecornmended approval to the ;City( Counc�. on- a 4-0 vote (Su:n absent) (See'`
, �.
Attacl�rnent E); The� I'Iannirig' Corrirnission discussecl the" proposed ordinarl`ce,
J exclusions related to personal cultivatio� ancl delivery of inedical marijuana and
enfo�cement of the O�din:ance.
.
,.
One mexnber of the public expressecl conce�ns �elated to excessive water use fo�
marijuarta cultivation and suggested public disclosu�e requirernents fo� person
exclucled from the ordinance. Staff cla��fied `that wafer use woulcl be moilitored by
. ;
wate� proviclers and the City's landscape . orclinance ' aricl �that ` requiring:
disclosures/notYces for cultivation:of inedl.eal marijuan.a for personal use wo:ul�violate
` ,.
conficlentiality Iaws. ,_ :
T'he City can revisit,these ord.inal�ces � the future if it deca.des to :;exe�npt-ce�tain
marijuana businesses from local prosecution under certauz conditions,. such as with
permits.
, . .
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Public Sa�� Commission:
On I�ecember 10, 2015, the I'ublic Safety �ommission made �ecominenclations as
follows (see Attachment F). Staff comments, where applicable, follow in italics:
� , , �� ;
1. I�equi�e rnedical mariJuana commeicial businesses -to have State Iicenses. The
�
proposed ordinance prohibits any marijuana commercial businesses and/or dispensaries ;;
�
to locate within the city limits.
;
2. Prohibit 1Vlarijuana dispensaries, commercial Cultivation or cultivation by
� �. .
p�ima� caregivers. The proposed`oYdinance prohifbits these activities.
3. Allow cultivation of inedical rriariJuana �by: qualified patients in a secured:
� _
_ growing area. The proposed ordinance allows the cultivation of inedical marijuana foY:
personal use by a qualified patient at his or her primary residence:
,
4. Permit commercial delivery/transport subject certain conclitions. The proposed`
ordinance does not allow the commercial delive�fy of inedical marijuana but does a2low a
primary caregiver to deliver and transport medical marijuana to a qua�ified patient as
` allowed by state law. In light of the tight timelines on ado�tion of an ordinance to ��etain
local control on these issues,` staff recommends adqption of the proposed ordinance.
. , , ,
Should`the Council eel the need to amend an ��ovisions o the ro osed ordinance, sta
f y� .f � p .f.f
` can b�ing back additional licensing/pe��mitting,options for the Council's consideration.
,
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� 4 .
Noticin�and Public Comment
The following noticing has been conducted for this application:
.
:�`���� �� �'u��.�� ���.�n�, �x�� .� �e�.�a
� .
::..... �
:��t���e�ic L��ga��.� ; ' `
■ Legal and display ad placed in ■ Posted on the City's official notice bulletin
newspaper board (at least five days prior to the hearing)
(at least 10 days prior to the hearing) ■ Posted on the City of Cupertino's Web site
■ Site Notice not needed (at least 've da s rior to the hearin )
No public comments have been received on this subject as of December 18, 2015.
Environmental Impact (CE ,A)
The proposed Ordinances are not a project within the meaning of section 15378 of the
California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") Guidelines because it has no potential
for resulting in physical change in the environment, either directly or ultimately. In the
event that these Ordinances are found to be a project under CEQA, they are exempt
CEQA Guidelines section 15061(b)(3) because they can be seen with certainty to have
no possibility of a significant effect on the environment, as such uses are already
prohibited under the Municipal Code.
Sustainabilitv Im�act
No impacts
Fiscal Im�act
No impacts
Pre�ared b,�Adam Petersen, Senior Planner
Reviewed b,�Piu Ghosh, Principal Planner
Aarti Shrivastava, Assistant City Manager
A��roved for Submission bv: David Brandt, City Manager
Attachments:
A. Draft Urgency Ordinance No. 16-2139 "An Interim Urgency Ordinance of the
City Council of the City of Cupertino Establishing a Moratorium on Medical
Marijuana Dispensaries, Marijuana Cultivation Facilities, Commercial Cannabis
Activities and Medical Marijuana Deliveries within the City of Cupertino
Pending Completion of an Update to the City's Zoning Code"
� „ _�
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��„�� � �
¢
' �. I�raft Ordinance l�To. 16-2140 aclopting "Alz Orclinalzce of the City Co�cil of tlle
City of Cupertino Amending Section 19.0�.030 and.Add.ing Chapte� 19.98 of Title
� 19 of the:Cupertino l�unicipal Code IZegarcling l�edicallV.�arijuana Dispensaries,
, �
1VIar1,Ua11a CUI.tlVclt1011 F�CIIIt1eS� C0111I1'l�TC1aI Cal'i11abIS AC�IV1t1eS, Ancl 1Vledical
l�arijuana I�eliveries" . . . :
C. 2009 Califo�nia Police Chiefs Association V�Thite Paper I�epo�t
I�e 2014 5anta Clara Co�ty I�isfrict.Attorney's Office Meino�anclum
E. IZesolution l�To. 6793 of the I'lann�ng Commission recorn.mending adoption of the
-
clraf�ordinance
F, I�.ecommenda�ions of the Public Safety Commission from I�ecember 10, 2015
rneeting
i See,for example,UCLA Medical Marijuana Research(August 10,2015),Places with More Marijuana
Dispensa�^ies have more Ma��ijuana-Related Hospitalizations;CBS News,Monterey(September28,2015)Police
Ar�^est Suspect in Armed Robbery of Medical Marijuana Delivea�y Driver.
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��ra�ga �cpress ban(15- : Nledical MariJuana Dispensaries �,.
��" „ „
�0.140) AIl dispen.saries
- _ "any facility,building, structure, or
_.� establishment,where a primary caregiver or a
�eollective or cooperative group of qualified
patients,persons wi-th identification cards and/or
� primary caregivers makes available�sells,
�
' transmits, gives, allocates, administers, delivers,
processes,or otherwise provides marijuana to or
cultivates marijuana for more than two qualified
patients,persons with identification cards, or
rimar care ivers.
�Jose Permitting System Criteria for operation, cultivation,
(Chapter 6.��), Restrictions on Zoning,including 1,000 feet from
Zoning(Chapfer schools, 150 feet from residential,specific zones
20.�0.750) excluded
Marijuana Business
Tax,passed�by
voters 11/2/10 (up fo -
- 10% of gross
recei ts.
Sunnyvale ��xpress Ban �/Iedical Marijuana Distribution Facility
(9.�6.010) A "medical marijuana distribution facility" is any
facility or location,whether fixed or mob'ile,
. where a primary caregiver makes available, sells,
- - transmits,gives or otherwise provides marijuana
to two or more persons with identification cards
or qualified patients, as defined in Cali.fornia
: Heal�th and Safety Code Section 11362.5 et seq.,
or any facility where qualified patients,persons
with identification cards and primary caregivers
;
meet or congregate collectively and
cooperativeiy to cultivate or distribufe marijuana
� for rriedical purposes under the purported
aufhority of California Health and Safety Code
'';
�.��.. _�..... _ _.�.,.�.. - .�,K, . -��.�.�..�. - � �.. .�.,� ,..���� _ � . __�__-___ J.� ��___,.� v,.�._:
.__..._..-.�,��� ,� �. . .�.:. �_.�� �. .�.:�.� � _ � - -
� ..
i �����-� Secfion 1-13b-2;5 ef�seq� �"
� - Exclu:des clinics health care facili health care �
: , ty,
_ . _. _ _ . _._ _ .....__ . „_ . .
___ __ .._:.:_._._�� ..: _ ==- __ _.__.___ _��---- -- ------ -- — --- — --= ---- --- ---_---—__-: _---- .--= - -
facility for treatment of those with Iife
_ __ �
threatening illness;residential care facility for
elderl ;hos ice
��ta Clara �cpress Ban Medical Marijuana Dispensary
�18.102.010) "IVledical mariJ-uana dispensary" or "dispensary"
is any facility or location,whether fixed or
_.�
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mobile, where marijuana for medical purposes is
grown, made available to or distributed to or
distributed by one or more primary caregivers,
qualified patients or patient with an
identification card, whether called a "medical
marijuana dispensary," a "medical marijuana
collective" or a"medical marijuana cooperative."
For the purposes of this title, "marijuana for
medical purposes" and "primary caregiver" are
defined by California Health and Safety Code
Sections 11362.5 et seq., as those sections may be
amended from time to time.
Exclusions: licensed clinic,health care facility;
residential care facility for those with life
threatening conditions, ,residential care
facility,hospice.
rgan Hill xpress Ban Marijuana Distribution Facility
(9.16.020) A "medical marijuana distribution facility"is any
�acility or location, whether fixed or mobile,
where a primary caregiver, a person with
identification cards or a qualified patient makes
available, sells, transmits, gives or otherwise
provides marijuana to two or more primary
caregivers,persons with identification cards or
qualified patients, as defined in California Health
and Safety Code Section 11362.5 et seq., or any
facility where qualified patients,persons with
identification cards and primary caregivers meet
or congregate collectively and cooperatively to
cultivate or distribute marijuana for medical
purposes under the purported authority of
California Health and Safety Code Section
11362.5 et seq.
__ __ ____ . . _ _..._
`Exceptioris`clinic icense pursuant fo C apter`1 � �- "� `� �
of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code;A
_ _ _ __
_____ _ _ __
health care facility licensed pursuant to Chapter
2 of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code. A
residential care facility for persons with chronic
life-threatening illness licensed pursuant to
Chapter 3.01 of Division 2 of the Health and
Safe Code.
i, - :"�-,f�.,_.��'�..�������;_�N-._`���..�����.--�i'���`s�s:�- "- I
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� , : -_ - - A residential"care facility for the elderly
� _ , . _ „ -
� { licensed pursuant to Chapter 3.2 of Division 2�
� � ° of`the Health and-Safety Code.A hospice or a�
� home heal-th agency,licensed pursuant to
f
; Chapter�of Division 2 of the Health and
;
� Safe Code.
ountain xpress Ban(9.92) Medical�/Iarijuana Dispensary
i w For the purposes of this article, "medical ,
` =marijuana dispensary"means any facility or
:> Iocation, whether fixed or mobile,where�medical
marijuana is provided, sold,made available, or
otherwrse distributed to one or more of the
following: a primary caregiver, a qualified
patient or a person with an identification card.
Excludes:A clinic licensed, a health-care facility
licensed, a residential care facility for persons
with chronic life-threatening illness licensed, a
residential care facility for the elderly, a
resid:ential hospice,-or a home health agency,
� ambpell Prohibited by
Federal Law
�, s Gatos xpress San Medical 1Vlari�ii:ana Dispensary
(14.120.020) For the purposes of this arfi.cle,"medical marijuana
_ ` � dispensary"means any facility or location,whether
- .... fixed or mobile,where medical marijuana is
provided,sold;made`available o�otherwise
�'� � �
distributed to one or more of the following: a
��F primary caregiver, a qualified patient or ra person
��`��'� with an identifica�ion card.
Excludes: A clinic Iicensed. A health-care facility
licensed.A residential care facility for persons
with chronic life-threatening illness licensed
pursuant to Chapfer 3.01 of Division 2 of the
_ _._, ___ M __ _ _ � :..�, Health and Safe Code•A residential care
�..�., _�.�_w���.,�.�.� . _____�.._�_ � _�=—�..�._�--��-- = - - - - __._�_ _ �� �,__ ��_�
. � . � "facilify for the°elderly,licensed pursuant,a�`- �
_ _ ._ ��esideniiaLhos.psce;_or_a-_home_health__agency.-=--
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I�aw�ffi�es of the I'ubli�Defender = �����+i���`���
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�� � San Jose;California 95.110, , ~ .�... �j f,
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�i ' For the.past two'school years,�he Santa Clara�ounty Public l�efender Office has been vcrorking with five
�
° schools East�ide Uni on;_High School District tESUHSD)to f nd alterr�atives�o suspensions through its
�s ;
� ' S�hoo1 Engagement,and.�uspensians Altei-riatives;ProJect(�ESI�I'). Une of the issues tlfat the schools.
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k have g�own�oncerned with is the abundanc�of'substan�e-r�Iated in�idents`on campus,and afi l�ast on�
� school at�ributed it t4 th�growth and proxirnity of rnarijuana dispensaries in San Jose. -
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j � .A�laser look a�th�data shows the conne�tion of this growth to th�number of suspensions at ESUHSD.
� ; schools: Below is a table and a chart relating to the overall ris�in suspensions for substanc�=use-related ,
� �ncidents at th�ir�the E�UHSI�.�ompared to the decr�as�in overall susp�nsions in the district: '
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, ` Substance�usp�n'sions 398 ' < 348 ;' ' 362 `' 297 614 `. . 563
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� ` Subs�kance Suspensions
_ : _; ` ;
%inc./dec. : Baseline -12.56% -9.05% �25.38% _ 54.27%0 41.461
, �
[ Q;verall Suspensions ,7900 44A�7 4450 300� 2155 ` ` 1606
� Overali Suspensions%�
`inc./dec. : Qaseline '-43.71% �43.67%: �-fi1.92% -72,72% -79.67%
Source:I?ata uest,Califomia De artment of Education �
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� Ass�stant Public I)efenders: Jose Cr.Guzman, JJ I�.app,I�ona I�lipp�n � '
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� May 8, 2014 Page 2
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� The data above pertains to the annual number of substance-related suspensions and overall suspensions
; from the 2007-2008 school year to the 2012-2013 school year,the most recent time period that data is
� available,at schools in the East Side Union High School District{ESUHSD). The substance-related
� suspensions are for violations of the following education codes:
�
� 48900(c)Possession,Use,Sale,or Furnishing a ControlIed Substance,Alcohol,Intoxicant
� 4$900(d)Offering,Arranging,or Negotiating Sale of Controlled Substances,Alcohol,Intoxicants
• 4$900(j)Offering,Arranging,or Negotiating Sale of Drug Paraphernalia
• 48915(a)(3}Possession of Controlled Substance
• 48915(c){3)Sale of Controlled Substance
From 2007-2008 to 20i0-11 school years,the ESUHD schools saw small decreases in the number of
substance-related suspensions,but not as significant as the overall decrease in suspensions the schools
were having(25.38%v. 62.92%}. However, in the 2011-12 school year,there was a huge increase in the
number of suspensions for substance incidents. While the schools exhibited a 72.72%decrease in the
overall number of suspensions compared to the baseline year of 2007-2008,the substance-related
suspensions saw an increase of 54.27%. Furthermore,there was an increase of 106%in substance-related
suspensions in 2011-2012,compared to the previous school year;but the schools saw a decrease of
28,36%in overall suspensions in 2011-2012,compared to the previous school year. This is also the
same time period when the dispensaries were proliferating and at their highest numbers within the City of
� San Jose—between 90-100.These violations were not all for marijuana specifically as the education code
j does not reguire the schools to track the type of substance. However,based on the Public Defen�er's
Office's (PDO)work with four of the ESUHSD high schools in the 2012-2013 school year,it was
reported anecdotally that ihe vast majority of these incidents did in fact involve marijuana. Furthermore,
associate principals of discipline reported that students were c�ming onto campuses with baggies,pill
bottles,and in some cases medical marijuana cards from the dispensaries.The APs were reporting that the
problems regarding marijuana use among students persisted last school year,which can be seen by the
continued high number of substance-related violations in the 2012-2013 school year.
While the possession of small amounts of marijuana is an infrac�ion,it is a misdemeanor if the possession
is on a schQol campus. So the impact is not only disciplinary related to the suspension,but in many cases
can result in a referral to the Juvenile Probation Department in the form of a citation/ticket.Although,the
percentage of drug retated offense citations and arrests coming through the Probation Department has
hovered between 18-20%over the last three calendar years.
The schools involved in the PDO School Engagement and Suspension Alternatives Project(SESAP)have
developed some innovative ways to work with students who are caught on campus under the influence or
in possession of marijuana including no-citations policies,in-house suspension programs and referrals to
drug and alcohol treatment services. Nevertheless,with the easy access to marijuana that the dispensaries
are creating,these incidents reyuire resources that these schools will have to deploy towards dealing with
substances on campus,which wou ld otherwise go towards educating the youth.
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� In 2014;th��anta�lara Coun�y I�istr�et 1�ttorn�y's Office prosecut�d a case involving the tra.nsportat�on and
, possession for sale of six pounds of dried marijuana and tw�lve pounds of concentrated�annabis. The
� �iefendant told inv�stiga�ors h�was d�livering marijuana from a v�ndor on behalf of his�an Josetlbased
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f � marijuana c1ub. . '
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During trial,the director of th�marijuana club,described as a-`bmarijuan�disp�nsary,"testi�ed to the
busin�ss practrce a.�.d or�aniza�ior�of the��lub. The club consists of appro�imat�ty. 14,OQO merribers between
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2"stores"in Sa�a Jose. SO 66V�I��OTS99�hrau�hout California.sourced this"d�sp�nsary99 WIL�m��IJL�i�na..
, : 't�Vi�thzn th�rr�ar�juana.�ndustry,the t�rrri"v�ndor"refers to a person who supplies marij�ana to disp�nsari�s
' � a.nd r�c�ives compensation for the produ�t.'The director iden�ifed the SO veridars as p�rsons vvho have:�
marijuana culti�ation sites which he has n��ther visited nor inspected. This parti�ular di`sp�nsary does not
� _
: pay city:or s�ate sales tax;;or any income ta�. ,
Th�club generates approxirriately�l rriillion a year in annu�l sales involving appro�imately 100 paunds of
: dried mari�juana bud, 30q40 pounds of'wa�(a form of concentrat�d canr�abis)and varying quantit�es of
ca,nnabis produ�ts in other form�;' The concentrated`car�nabis products�.re prirriarily manufactured us�ng
f ' butane or other cherrlical�olv�nts. This method of rrianufac�t�a.ring is a crime under California�-Iealth and
�
� � Safety�ode section,l 1379,6 because of the hazards associat�d with produc�ion.
�
Th�bu�iness prac�ic�s and organization of this club�pitomize��i�many probiems r�sultin,�from the :
roliferation of mar�uana clubs�ri Santa Clara Coun Ille al inari uana�cult�v�tion a erations enerat�a
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; signifi�ant nurriber of collateral crimes on the supply�side, For�xarnpl�,rnarijuana clubs and disper�sari�s
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! self-monitor in th�absence of gov�rnment'oversight. 'I'herefore,there�s no way to b�sure how an�d firom
whom th�clubs are acquiring their inventory of�ann�bi�prod�ac�s. I,aw'enforc�ment agencies have `
�, � .. .,
. gathered valuable iritellig�nce that some�lubs are s�lliti�marijuana,harv�sted by illegal culttvation
operatxons. This znt�lligen�e has been docurrri�nt�d throu�fi arres��d'indi�riduals,66VE�irIUOr99 rne�bership
� agr�ein�nts or Prop 215 na�ices referericin�locai d�sperisaries;and subpoenaed club records.`
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� � IVIa-r°fju�n�.Ca�e'T�°e�ds
� T'he I�istrict 1�ttorney's�ff ce obs�rved the followin�tr�nds ba�ed on recen�:cases prosecuted by th�Office.
` The`follo�ving sta;tistics incl�d�o�ly issued�ases,rio�t p�nding invest�gations."`�etween 201:1 and 2013-;the
:
Of�ce issued�r�m�nal char es a ain�t'172 ille al mari u�na rowin o erations. Qf the�e cases 11�v�ere
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� identified as"indoor grows"and 54 were classified as"outdoor grows." Once again,these numbers only
= reflect a representative sample of cultivation operations within Santa Clara County.
Indoor Grow Operations
� While indoor marijuana grow operations can be found in a variety of settings, including warehouses, barns,
and back rooms of business establishments,the most common locations were single family homes in
residential neighborhoods. These are locations where entire rental proper�ies or vacant foreclosed homes are
converted into clandestine greenhouses. The interior rooms for these homes are typically modified with�ut
construction permits,without permission from the banks(usuaIly involving squatters)or knowledge of the
rental property owners. With no regard to safety, structural integrity or value to the property,these former
residences are generally ransacked.
Qften times the electricity to homes where cultivation operations are present have been haphazardly rewired
or compromised in other forms to accommodate the equipment—e.g, grow lights, fans, irrigation pumps,
timers. Electrical circuit boxes are modified to bypass electricity from the power company's meters (usually
� PG&E) resulting in the theft of millions of dollars in energy. House fires associated to residential marijuana
�
� gardens are frequently caused by the theft of power. Investigators also report tremendous amounts of
' moisture and standing water inside these indoor grows from leaking water sources, as well as humidity
associated with the indoor process. Standing water is a breeding ground for caustic spores, black mold and
fungus. Puddles o.f water combined with extension cords and exposed wiring create electrical hazards. First
responders typically wear protective gear and respirators to avoid these dangers.
Of 118 indoor marijuana �rows over the last three vears:
• 76 involved converted homes,
• 2 involved converted warehouses, and
• 41 of these locations were identified as rental properties.
In at least 61 of these cases, electrical bypasses were observed where theft of power was deemed present and
there were 5 house fires associated to indoor cultivations. The victim homeowners for these vandalized
properties are by and large burdened with hundreds of thousands of dollars in clean up costs from indoor
grows.
Outdoor Grow Operations
The other source of harvested marijuana comes from outdoor marijuana gardens. A large number of outdoor
cultivation operations reviewed by the Dis#rict Attorney's�ffice were investigated by the Santa Clara
County Marijuana Eradication Team (MET). Over the last three years,the MET team reported the removal
of 355,005 marijuana plants and the seizure of 1,838 pounds of processed marijuana bud derived mostly
from outdoor grow locations.These outdoor grow sites were typically discovered by detectives in remote
areas of unincorporated Santa Clara County—eastern foothills of Milpitas and San Jose, Gilroy and Morgan
Hill foothills,the base of the Santa Cruz mountains and the eastern foothills of Los Gatos,Los Altos and
Saratoga. Marijuana gardens have been found on public lands{e.g. Henry Coe State Park and Midpeninsula
Regional Open Space District}and private property in varying sizes. These grows can have a few hundred
plants over a sznall plot of land or tens of thousands of marijuana bushes spread over many acres.
The number of marijuana plants will determine the yield potential for an operation. Most law enforcement
experts conservatively estimate that a single marijuana plant can produce about 1 to 2 pounds of marijuana
valued at$1,500 to $3,000 per pound (wholesale pricing). During harvesting periods for outdoor
cuttivations, May through October, the number of individual harvests for a single location can also impact
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� the prvfitability of the ent�rpris�.-Exper��nc�d:growers can g�t two or three harvests on a single plot of land
, � � " each year. The same is true for indoor marijuana locations,however, s�.ch lacations can obviousiy gro�vv year
round. ., � � :_
_ ,
�. ` 'Th�l�v�i of.�oph�ist�cation of�:h�se autdaor:grows can var,y as w�tl. _Some autdoor:opera.tior�s have only or�e
or t�wo e�peri�n�ed cultiva.tors,while others have t��rr�s of migrant farrri v�ork�rs tending to th�crop. The
� sin�le most�rnportant variable for any outdoor�row is a nearby vuater�ource. IYlany ou�door op�rations are;
� � s�t�p n�ar cr��ks,riv�rs ar r�servoirs: Water is.diver�ed without regulatory permits or p'�rmission from
: landown�rs. 'Ther�hav��been numerous inst�n�es of water dive�ed,to illegal rnarijuana grows from nearby'
" legitimate fa.rrrisa Ill�gal autdoor rnarijuana cultiva:tors pollut�wa.t�rways with pes�icide�, rodent poisons, ,
hurrnan f�ces,trash, and soil:erosion. '�hlardens with:"th��alifor�i,a I��partment of F'ish and Wildlife:assist
N1E'T detectives with these investiga�ions and recommend;the chargin�of environrriental �rimes.a.ssociat�d
� � -
with marijuana cult�vation. Of the 54`outdoor rriarijuana gardens�harged b�tween 2011-2013,at least 24 of
�` th�grow sites vvere on privat�land and 11 w�re on public prop�rty/open spac�. Environmental cr�mes were
�harg�d in 21 of these cases.
t C)�l�e�As�oc�ated Cr����
� � In add�t�on to the crim�s and social impacts uniqu��o th�two s�:yles of rriari�uana cultivation, other alarming
� . �: : _
trend�have be�n no�:ed. �ithin the sarnple size of the I 72 cases referenced_above;firearrns�vere lo�at�d in �
3b investigations. Qther�ontrolled�ubstances;e.g.methamphetamin�,wer�found in 25 cultivatian sites. �
�hildren were report�d p��s�nt in 10 instances. �erious or violent felony crimes, e.g,bur l�. robbery or
, g �'9
assault,s using deadly w�apons,were report�d in� investigations. In 2012, one investigation of an outdoor
marijuana ga.rden r�sult�d in an offic�r involded shoating when one of th�rnarijuana growers point�d a
-- _loaded:22 caliber semi-autamatic rifle at a Fish and Wildlife'V�lard�n.
` f�r��.����� Crim� ' .
� Probably on�of the leas�talked abou�issues involving rriar%juana grows has been the influence of organized
crime. I,avv enforceme�t has documen�ed numerous instan�e�of arganized crime�ontrolling th�cu�ti�vation
of ma�ijuana. �ons�rvatively, at.l�ast�documented instanc�s of Mexi�an National Drug.Car��ls and/or
cr�rninal stre�ti gangs h�v�been tied ta marijuana�rows. A:t one outdoor rnari�juana operation, inves�igators .
� : found�r��en r�f�r�nc�s to th� Sinaloa�rug Car�el and a drawing of"J�sus Nlalverde,"th�patron,saint of
� - drug traffickers. At another indoor�inarijuana grow,officers found a"Santa Mu�Y-te"statut�, a Nl�xican cult
figure associated�vith�iol�nce, criminality,and th�xll�gal drug trad�.
�Tith�r�the last fiv�y�ars,the U.S.. I�ru�Enforcein�nt�P,.dministr�.tion(DEA)and th��anta Clara Counfiy "
Sheriff s�ffic��Iul�i�Jurisd�ictiional Nlethamph�tamin��n.forcement Team{CAL�IVINIET} have identifi�d
i multipl�cartel drug trafficking cells op�rating within the county. 'These or�anizations are poly drug
i traf�ickers distributing metharn.ph�tami�e,�o�ain�,:h�roin and Inarijuana.Through a variety of investigative
;
techn�ques,I��A and CAL�I1/�1VIET have learried that both indoor and outcioor rriarijuana cultivation is just
one of.many iucrative busin�sses operated by cartels to suppl�ment th�traf�icking of anethamphetamine and _
- cocaine from M��ico. M�xican drug distributors wiil engag�in human txafficking:to bring farrr��ork�rs up
frorn the t�rrrtorial re�ions the cart�ls�ontrol—Sinaloa or ri/Iichoacan—to tend to the��altivations. I�EA and
�1�I.�1l�ET inv�stigat�ons hav�result�d�n th�arr�st of�everal high rankin�drug drs�ribu�ors who have
described to investigators f rsthand hov�r marijuana cult�va�ion is a signif cant cornponent to their overall
business. :
I,aw�nforcem�nt has also seen the ris�of rr��.itipl�Vie�r�arr�ese criminal stireet gangs.distributing marijuana
� � wrthln�anta C1ara County. �n 2014, Californra Iaepartrrm�n�of Justice,�ureau of�arcotics Enforcement,
' investigat�d the Insane�Iie�Thu,gs�IVT),a docum�nt�d street g�ng distributing.marijuana and other �
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narcotics,as well as firearms. Agents learned through the investigation that IVT was managing a network of
grow houses and distributing drugs throughout the Bay Area—San Jose to Vallejo. The investigation of IVT
resulted in the service of 22 search warrants throughout the Bay Area and the prosecution of 22 validated or
associate gang members,the seizure of approximately 1,500 marijuana pIants from 5 indoor grow houses(a
total of 7 grow houses were identified during the investigation}over 71 lbs of harvested marijuana, 16
� firearms{including 3 assault weapons),over$11�,000 in U.S.Currency and various quantities of heroin,
cocaine,methamphetamine and ecstasy.
The information provided in this narrative demonstrates how the lack of any significant regulatory schemes
' to control the supply of marijuana to dispensaries is impacting public safety and quality of life within the
county. DA Jeff Rosen supports Santa Clara County's efforts to establish comprehensive guidelines
designed to prevent the dangerous and illegal activities from illegal cultivation and distribution of marijuana.
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� �riminals�ar��t medic�.l marij�-ar�a�.US;n�ws�:Criine�cou�s.;J:NB�I���s : , ' _ , ; Page l of 2
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Wash.shoatout'involving activist highlights risk to growers
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' SAN.FRANCISCO, Patients,growers and clinics in some ofthe;x4 ''� `'� �
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stafes that altow medical mari}uana are falling victim to robberies, � �� .�,��,�.�,,. :_
� home invasions,shootin�s and even murders at the hands of pot � _ ,
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f . There have been dozens of cases in reeent months alone.The issae ��, •-
� received more attention this week after a prominent medical marijuana ' �-�-- �-•••�•-�•••- �r�
� activist in Washington state nearly killed a robber in a shoototit=the � • .. . ,
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� eighth titne thieves had targeted his got-growing operation. ��-��: .
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; Critics saythe heists and haldups prove that marijuana and crirrie are
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� inseparable,tliough marijuana advocates contend that further"
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.� legalization is the answer.News of crimes related'to medical marijuana Steve Sarich stands in a room used to grow medical marijuana in his home in Kirkland,Wash.Poli
i CQI112Sat ari aWItW2P�iFri7e fOP C2IlfOi'L113 flilCl WaS�11F1gt011 aC1VOC8tB5 �nvestigated_a shootaut between Sarich and a robber in his home on Monday.Sarich says he uses
; ��ho are pushing to pass bal.Iot measures to a1low.aIl,aduIts,not just the
� - 'seriously ilI,to possess the drug. _
l
, "Whenever you are dealing with drugs and money,there is going to be crime.If peuple thinit otherwise,they are very naive,"said 8cott Kirlcland,
the police chief in EI Cerrito,Cali£,and a vocaI critic of his state's voter-approved medical marijuana law.
"People think if we decriminalize it,the Mexican cartels and Asian gangs are gaing to walk away.That's not the worid I live in;'Kirkland said.
Unwanted attention
` Activists and law enforcement officials say it is difficalt to get�an aecurate picture of crirnes linked fo medical marijuana because many drug users
don't reportthe crimes to police for fear of arousing unwanted attention from the authorities.But the California Police Chiefs Association used
press clipgings to compiie�2 medical marijuana-related crimes—including seven homicides-from Apri12oo8 to March 2oog.
There also is plenty of aneedotal evidence: ` �
• A man in Washington state was beaten to death last weelc with what is believed to be a crowbar after confranting an intruder on the rural
property where he was grawing cannabis tQ trea#painful back problems.
k � Medical marijuana activist Steve 5arich exchanged gunfire with intruders in his Kirkland,Wash.,home near Seattle on Monday,shooting and
� critically injuring one of them.
� = In California,a boywas shot to death while allegedlytrying to steal a cancer patient's pot plants from his home garden.
� � A respected magazine editor was killed in 2007 by robbers who targeted his Narthern California home for marijuana and money after hearing
fthat his teenage`son was growing pot.with a doctor's�approvaL
` ( • Robbers killed a security guard at a Los.Angeles medical marijuana dispensary in aoo8. _
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, Police and criarijuana ogponents say the violence is further proof that the proliferatian af inedicai marijuana is a prohlem that will worsen if the
; � drug is legalized or decriminalized. �
� � Pot activists say the apposite:that prohibitian breeds crime and Iegalization would solve the problem.They also say the robberies have exposed the
need for more reguiation of inedical marijuana laws in states like California,Washington and Colarado.
i . �
� "The potential for peop�e to get ripped aff and for people to use guns to have to defend themseives against robbers is very real,"saic�Keith Stroup,
founder and chief legal counsei for the National Organization foc the Reform af Marijuana Laws.,°But it's nothing to da with medical marijuana..It
� is to do with the failure of states to regulate this."
i
Maxijuana advacates say there is adequate regulation in New Mexico,where officials say there have been no vialent medical marijuana robberies._
MedicaY cannahis is primarily grown by a small number of regularIy inspected nbnprofits in New Mexico,and the state keeps their names and
locations confidential.The law ineludes e�ctensive requirements covering security,quality control,staff training and education about the use of the
drug.
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� Criminals target medical mar uana- US news- Crime & courts �NBC ivews Page 2 of 2
3 -
�
�
� Vague rules
Most medical marijuana states have only vague rules for caregivers or dispensaries participating in a business with products that can fetch$600
an ounce.Some states,including California and Colorado,can only guess how many pot dispensaries they have because the businesses don't have
� to register with the state.
�
"This is ridiculous,in my opinion,to have medical marijuana and no regulation,"Stroup said."A jewelry store wouldn't open without security,and
if it did,a scuzzy person's g�ing to break in and steal all their diamonds."
Stephen Gutwillig,Catifornia director of the pro-pot Drug Policy Alliance,said that while the robberies are disturbing,there is no way to conclude
that legalized marijuana breeds any more crime than convenience stores,banks or homes stocked with expensive jewelry and electronics.
In fact,Denver police said the 25 robberies and burglaries targeting medical marijuana in the city in the last half of zoo9 amounted to a]ower
crime rate than what banlcs or liquor stores there suffered.
"I think what we are seeing is a spate of crime that reflects the novelty of inedical marijuana cultivation and distribution through unregulated
means,"Gutwillig said.
Marijuana is stiti illegal under federal law,but the Obama administration loosened its guidelines for prosecutions of inedical pot last year.The
Justice Department told federal prosecutors that targeting people who use or provide medical marijuana in strict compliance with state laws was
� not a good use of their time.
;
The decision energized the medical marijuana movement and came as Washington state and California are trying to get pot legalization measures
on the ballot.Activists are still gathering signatures,and it's not yet known if the measures will qualify for the ballot.
Meanwhile,California cities have been trying to rein in the drug in response to a medical marijuana law that is the nation's most liberal.
Detective Robert Palacios of the Los Angeles Police Department said he has investigated a half-dozen dispensary robberies in the last year,but he
has seen the number of such crimes drop in recent weeks after the Ciry Council moved to close many stores.
Tn all the cases he's investigated,armed robbers have stolen marijuana,cash and other items.They often resell the drug on the stree#.
"They are going into a business and using a threat of force,"Palacios said."Even though they are in an establishment that iiself is questionably
]egal,it's our duty to investigate."
Copyrighr 20�o The Assnciare�l Press.A[!r�ghts reserved.This materia7 maf not be published,broadcast,reun•itten or red'u•tri6uted.
1 G+1� Recomm�nd 14 people recommend this.Sign Up to see what 17
your(riends recommend. ..,,......,
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3 5940756/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/criminals-target-... 10/27/2015
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$1,00�and o�ie paund of po�missing
by Shosharia Walter---May 28,2010,12:08 a.ra. 0 ,
l�.boait�Iae 1�u���r
A San Francisco State student wha delivers medical marijuana door-to-door was
rnbbed af gunpoint just afEer midnight Thursday in Richmond.The assailants ' �
` took$'1;060 in cash and a pound of pot. = , '- :
_ �hoshana Walter
Aaron Chandler,33,runs Alternative Rx Solutions;a business he descrihes as a �rime,Pu[ss of ihe Bay,
mobile medical marijuana dispensary catering to lower-incQme,ill and disablad Policing The BayCitizen lhanks our sponsors
; patiet7t5. � Fol[ow oGDshoeshine
`r
�� Chandler,reached later by,telephane,said he received a delivery order through
his website around 9 p.m.Wednesday for a pound of marijuana from a
� Richmond man.He traveled fram San Francisco to an address on fhe 48D0 block
of Cutting Baulevard to deliver it.When he arrived at about 12:15 a.m.,pvlice �� ��5��
say he and two friends were robbed at gunpoint of the praduct an�their cash. i�a t�is�tory_
To became a member of Chandlers colfective,a pafienf rrtust register using a Richmond 29 : ,
j medical marijuana identification number or upload a scan of a doctor's Marijuana 23
recommendation.Chandler said he afso asks for proof of identification upon
deiivery. ' �
� He said he never got that opportunify.
C�andler said he usually closes shop at about 7 p.m.,but when he falketl to the man on the phone;his story �
seamed credible. , Error:Not a valid Facebook Page ur(.
"He claimed to have his own collective and said he had patients that were disabled and that he wanted to try to
see me,buf he had his daughter with him and his daughter was esleep and he had to leave early in the morning
to maet a siekpatient,"Chandler reca!led.-"Mesounded really sincere,like a really good guy.I didn't think it
would be a problem ta go help him out."
Ghandler said he,his girlfriend and a frie�d hopped into Chandler's truck with the p�und of mari}uana the man
: t
had requested. '
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h�ps://vvw�w.baycitizen..orglnews/crime/marijuana-delive�y-rnar�-robbed-richmond/ ;: - l l/2/2015
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Marijuana Deliveryman Rob ed in Richmond - The Bay Citizen `� Page 2 of 2
� � � �' - # � w � � . � � � , �
--s#o�e-mron�ey-from-�h�r��4�rzs girlf�i�nd-and�h�-Frs�n�-C�han�l�r-s�aid�ha-marrriflec�thr�agh-his-pack�t�-an�-tol�d —
him he wouldn't be able to find him because the medicai marijuana ID number he'd used Eo place the order was
stolen.
"And then they kind of surrounded me.They were just like,'Welcome to Richmond,'and somebody hit me one
more time across fhe back of my head and they took off running across the street."
� Having written about conducting safe transactions on his blog,Chandler said the robbery hurt his sense of trust
� , more than his business.
! Richmond police said the incident could have been avoided with common sense.
� "We woufd dissuade people from trying to do these types of transactions,even if they're legal,"said Lt.Mark
Gagan of the Richmond Police Depa�tment.
i
� "At face value,ifs a very serious crirne that these people are victims of.But if this was any type of transaction
� on eBay,you wouldn't be buying an antique at midnight under a carport."
Gagan said robberies at storefront dispensaries are not uncommon,but mobile dispensaries are particulariy
vulnerable to crime.
Chandler said he won't make the same mistake again."I really like to help people and I kind of get blinded by
that sometimes."
The San Francisco State student has already outlined new security measures.
"There are some places we just won't go,Don't do anything after dark unless you're already famiiiar with the
patient in your collective and only deal with patients in your collective,"he said.
Discuss&Contribute
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https://www.baycitizen.org/news/crime/marijuana-delivery-man-robbed-richmond/ 11/2/2015
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i . Home. ( �4baut the�tudy. I . R�search l'eam I Research�irrdir�gs �
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iFrec�uenfiy Asked Questions �ontact Us
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. : �����1��I��� . -:. Pf`T`f���JRGH,,4ug.10,�0���People�who live in areas of
. � California wifih a higher density of marijuana dispensaries
Pfaces with More Marijuana , experience;a greater number o�hospifalizatians invoiving
� , Dispensaries Have M.ore` marijuana abuse artd dependence,a University of Pittsburgh
Marijuana-Refated Graduate School af Public Heal�h analysis diseovered.
Hospitalizafions(August,2015}
The National [nstitutes Qf Healtn-funded research, pubiished -
Dispensariss/Delivery S�rvices . _
and f�arijuana Use°(September; flniine and scheduled for ti�e Sept. 1 issue of the scientific
. ' ���4) journaf DrUg and AlcohQl Dependence, could be informative as
more states consider legalizing marijuana for medical and
The Econamic Geagr�phy of� : :recreational.use::lf is the first analysis of the statewide impact of
Medical=Marijuana D�spensaries -marijuana dispensaries on abuse and dependence,as weil as
in California(July,,2014} the#irs#look at population charaeteristics associated with
marijuana-r.elated hospitalization rafes. "
How Colleg�s Are Preparing :
� , Students�or a Counfry Where , . « ; _: �
As marijuana�is approved far medical ar recreational use,we
Pot fs Legal{January, 2014) need t�carefully consider wiiere we allow dispensaries fo be
- 10 Things Medica!Marijuana pfaced;',said lead author Christiria Mair, Ph.D., assisfant
Won't Tell You(August,20�3)' `professor in Pitt Public Health's Depar�ment of Behavioral and
Cammunify:Health Sciences."Our study indicates thaf there are
� Studenfi Researchers on Frant real problems associated with a higher density of marijuana
� Lines of Marijuana lssus _ .: dispensaries in neighborhoods. More study and monitoring,
coupled with thoughtful legislation and community discussion,
Panel: Medical Marijuana:, . _v,rill be prudent to ensur�_that marijuana laws have the fewest
� Helpful�or Harmful?(March, „ - ,
; - negative consequences far vulnerable populatians.
; 2013)
� . .
� : The Ledger: Legal Medical In 1996, California was the first state to iegafize medical
Marijuana�Has Same Worried marijuana,alfowing physicians ta prescribe the drug for medical
{March,2Q13) : purposes. Since then,22 states and Washingfion, D,C., have
enacted similar Iaws,and four of fhose sfates aEso have
Study: Pot Shop Security Coufd fegalized,recreational use. Pennsylvania doesn't allow either,
Reduce Crime(February,2013} though it i�considering permitting medical marijuana.
� Washington City Paper:Vice pr. i�air and her team looked at data on Cafifornia haspital
Principles(January,2013� d'rscharges that had either a primary or secon�a�r medical code
- Top Downloaded Article of for marijuana de�en�ence or abuse with at least ane overnight
November 2012(November, hospital stay. The research covered 2001 #hrough 2012,the -
2�'l2� mast recent years for which.cansistent data were available.
i IVBC=Number of LA Pafi Shops Hospifalizatians with marijuana abuse or dependence codes
' in Question{September, 2012) increased from �7;469 in 2001 to 68,40�in 2012. More than 85
ht�p://v�vww.uclarriedi�almarijuanaresearch.com/node/33::. l:l/2/2015.
.
� •• �
� Places with More Marijuana ispensaries Have More Mar��uana-Related Hospitalizations... Page 2 of 2
i �
�
� MyFoxLA-Ban on Pot percent of marijuana-related hospitalizations were coded as
� Dispensaries on Hold abuse, ra#her than dependence, and 99.2 percent were
� {September,2012) secondary codes, meaning the person was primarily
�i hospitalized for something other than marijuana.
89.3 KPCC Southern California
1 Public Radio(September,2012) �hen the research team mapped the location of marijuana
Woodland Hills Patch dispensaries and cross-referenced it with the ZI P code of each
(September,2012) patien#'s home,they found that each additionaE dispensary per
square mife in a ZIP code was associated with a 6.8 percent
increase in the number of hospitalizations linked to marijuana
abuse and dependence.
In addition, Dr. Mair and her team found that marijuana
dispensaries and hospitalizations were more likely to be located
in areas with lower household incomes and lower educational
, attainment.
"It's unclear if the marijuana dispensaries are simply locating in
neighborhoods that tend to be more disadvantaged and already
have underlying problems with marijuana abuse, or if the
presence of the dispensaries is causing an increase in abuse
� and hospitalizatians,"said Dr. Mair."It could be a combination of
' both factors."
Dr. Mair noted that research an the location of marijuana
dispensaries has a parallel prec�dent in the location of liquor
stores. This gives policymakers and public health practitioners
the opportunity to learn from previous studies on the heal#h
effects of density and location of fiquor stores in order to design
studies that can provide simifar data on marijuana dispensaries.
"Once dispensaries open, it is much harder to go back and
create regulations to guide their location and density,"said Dr.
Mair."Passage of laws permitting marijuana use and sale is
likely to continue, so it is critical that we continue to research the
impact of dispensaries on the health of local communities to
provide guidance on regulations and public health outreach to
prevent abuse."
Additional researchers on this praject include senior author
Bridget Freisthler, Ph.D.,of UCLA's Luskin School of Public
Affairs.Co-authors are Andrew Gaidus, M.E.M., and William R.
Ponicki, M.A.,of the Prevention Research Center in Oakland,
California.
This research was funded by the NfH's National Institute on
Drug Abuse grant R01-DA-032715.
http://www.upmc.com/medialNewsReleases/2015/Pages/mair-
marijuana.aspx
O 2011 UCLA Medical Marijuana Research.All Righ#s Reserved.
http://www.uclamedicalmarijuanaresearch.com/node/33 l l/2/2015
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� , ,, , �. _
, �ea�ur�d ��ui�t�n� �riju�n� d�lrvery
� Press Release ��I�i��� � ��'��U�t �I�p�r1S�����
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� Banning,medica� rnarijuana dispensaries or
;
Places with More lVlarijuana . regulating their number and density in a given city
Dispensaries Have More �
Marijuana-Related
may not.be sufficient to lower marijuana use if
,
Hospitalizations(August,2015) deliv.ery services open in their place, according to
; UCLA:-research.
; D�spensaries/Delivery Services�
� ;' and Mari�uana Use(September,
2014) The new study; led:by UCLA social welfare professor
= The Eeonot�ic Geography of , Bridget Freisthler,and co-authored by Paul
, ,
. Medical Marijuana Dispensaries - ; Gruer�ewald of the Pacific Institute for Research and
in California(Julya 2�14) _
; . Evaluatior�,camparesself-repor�ed marijuana use
� H�w Colleges Are Preparing by almosf 9,�00 people.in 50 California cities where
Students for a Country Where
° ' '� Pot Is�egal(�anuary,2014) -medical marijuana is available through stvrefront
-� �0 Things Medical Marijuana � dispensaries and deiivery services. The study's
Won't T�ll You(August,2013) : authors say the results can help fawmakers
` ' � �' . �understand ho�r reg;ulatory practices af�ect
Student Researchers�n Front
Lines of Marijuana;[ssue marijuana use across cities. - _
; Panel: Medical Marijuana:
� Helpful or Harmful�(Mar.ch, A key finding frorn the study was that people �n
� 2���} cities with greater availabiiity of inedical marijuana
�
I The Ledger: k.egal I�edical — as measured by the;density of disperisaries and
� �larijuana Has Some Worri�d `
� (March;2013) delivery services --:reported more curren� ,
� � marijuana use and more frequent use. In addition,
� Study: Pot Shop Securi�y Cauld ;
Reduce Crime(February,2013) �he number o�:starefront dispensaries in a
� communit was rnore closef refated to fre uenc of
� Washington City Paper:Vice Y ` Y q Y
� f'rinciples(January,20�3) � marijuana� use than the availabili�y of delivery .
Top Downloaded Article of Services was.California;allows marijuana use for
,
� November 2012(November, medicinal purposes but gi�res regulatory control of
2���� dispensa.ries to local jurisdictions. But, Freisthler
I
NBC-f�umber af LA Pot Shops said, despite heightened interes�from public`health
k in Question(September,2012)
E
� http://�.uclamedxcalmartjuanaresea��h.corr�/nod�/30� , ; : ., : 1 l/2/2015
,
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� Regulating marijuana delivery services—not just dispensaries—coul elp address recr... Page 2 of 2
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; MyFoxLA-Ban on Pot researchers and an emerging understanding of
Dispensaries on Hold
` (September,2012) statewide poficies, little is known about how access
;�
� to marijuana through dispensaries corresponds to
� 89.3 KPCC Southern California
� Public Radio(September,2012) patterns of use on a city-by-city basis — and
3
7
� Woodland Hills Patch Whether marijuana legalization is actually leading to
� (September,2012) greater use.
�
#
�
� "The relationship between the physical availability of
marijuana and the number of inedical and
� recreational users could suggest a supply-and-
demand relationship in which dispensaries and
delivery services are opening in locations with
higher demand," said Freisthler, a faculty member
at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs.
"In terms of future policy, this could mean that
banning storefront dispensaries or regulating the
number and density of dispensaries rnay not be
sufficient ways to reduce marijuana use if delivery
services open in their place,"she said. "The
implication is that reguiating delivery services needs
to occur along with the regulation of storefront
dispensaries."
Researchers alsa found that 18- to 29-year-olds
were more likely to use marijuana currentiy and
� frequentfy than any other age group, which �
; suggests that that concerns about young people's
;
access to marijuana may be warranted.
The study was published Sept, 2 in Drug and Alcohol
Dependence. It was funded by the National Institute
on Drug Abuse.
O 2011 UCLA Medical Marijuana Research.A!I Rights Reserved.
.
http://www.uclamedicalmarijuanaresearch.com/node/30 11/2/2015
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: Vt��ST COVI�A(C�S).--A medical marijuana cleliveryman was still shaken up on Monday affer�wha#he described as a rabbery by two men aliegedly dressed as
ninja warriors.
` � Ki�X�i070?s Jahn�rook reports'-the robbers used the ma�tial arts getup to conceal their identity as they got auvay with a big bag of rn arijuana.
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� : Whai's this?
, � _
The`assailanfs were reported dressed in a[i b(ack with masks overtheirfaces and wielded martial arts bafons—known as tang fa—to intimidate the deliveryman
around 10p,m:fast Friday'.at an'aparfinent tiouse along the 8 QD block<of South Sunset Avenue i�Vltest Covina,pqlice said.
"After he made his del ivery,he was walking back to his vehicl s azrd was approached by two males in their 20s wearing ni nja costum es and holdi ng whife batons,"
, said Sgt.'f"rayis Tibbets. _ ._
. .: �
The victim dropped the bag oi m arijuana and fied the scene,s aid 7ibbe#s. �
The deliveryman was not hurt in the reparted robbery,which took place just a short distance from the police statian.
police said the suspects are in#heir 20s,;appraximately 5'8?in height,and thin in stature,Anyone with information on the rabbery is asked to cail West Covina polit
at(626)939-8557. .
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M-ar-ij�u�a�na-d�eliv-e�r-ym�ar�-�r-obbed--i-n Sa�nta--I�I,ar-ia�---- �--- Event Calendar ��
]anuary 17,2013
< Nov 2015 � >
� ; ^ � A man robbed a medical marijuana delivery man at gunpoint S M T W T F S
Wednesday evening in Santa Maria,[Noozhawk] ' Events
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 • Locatior
?�,�
An employee of the Go Green Compassionate Care Collective was 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 � Search
�,� � � � delivering medical marijuana to a patient when the robber 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 . Fre h
�Y ,�:;A�r approached him with a handgun in the 500 block of East Cook ZZ 23 24 25 26 27 28 Ev n S
-a ' �' Street around 7:30 p.m, 29 30 • bmi
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.�. "The suspect demanded two cases ful! of marijuana products the . promote your Event here for Free!
victim was attempting to deliver to a patient," said Santa Maria
Police Sgt.Russ Mengel, Sponsored Links
No injuries occurred. The suspect,who was in his early 20s, fled by foot and remained at
large. ,
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SubJeCts:d,gdical Marijuana Robberv Santa Maria PoliCe pepartme�t !;
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°�anta Maria man aoes on criminal binae in
1m^aatmeMs I Reti�t A;�+covnts l�n�u}ciat'Asfvice;
The comments below represent the opfnion of the writer and do not represent the views or pollcies of ���•543�Q�v� �
CalCoastNews.com, {moderator@cafcoastnews.com Comm�nt Guidelines) �3�����"��a�C�S�eB•COm i
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10 Comments ...._....... . ..... .... ................................................................................................. �
o������0�3 at 3:00 om Recent And Most Commented
CommonSenseMama
says: The robber must have either known the patient,or the delivery drfver.How else wou{d . Recent topfcs
he know what was in the cases?Either that or he has a skunky sense of smell. . Most vfewed
• Most commented
e+ (5) � 5 7otal Votes-5 up-0 down
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
O1/17/2013 at 1�22 om
bummerforu
says: Naw let me get this straight?In the previous article a rnan working for a�ollective gets
arrested after befng pulled over whlle dellving7 7hen In this article the police ar elooking
for a robber who stole probably the same amount of herb from the cops took from
Chance at Ebotanica.What a crock of shit I tell you!!Crock of Shlt thls world!I
� (9} � 4 Total Votes-9 up-0 down
http://calcoastnews.com/2013/O1/marijuana-deliveryman-robbed-in-santa-marial 11/2/2015
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Search for Z men who rob bed medicatmarij uana delivery drivers :
Posted:Jen 22.2013 S_34 AM PST
upaliae:�aR zz,20l3 2:D9 PM PST •
� ' IMP�RIAL BEACH(GNS)-Authorities were on(he hunt Tuesday for two men who robbed medfcel marijuana daliVery drivers aC
gunpoint in lmparial Beach. __
The drivars were ailempting to deliveFmedlcal marijuana-al 371 Casp�an WaV just befora 5 p.m.Monday when iwo men
approached o�foat,according io San Diego Eounly sheriffssgt.Joel Siranger.One of the man lhreetened tha drivars with a black
semi•eutamatie'handgun and took.a beckpack confaining eight ounces oi marijuana,the sergea�t said in a stafemeni,
7he'suspecls then fled on foot,leaving ihe drivers unharmed,51ren�er said.
Aulhorfties described one of ihe suspects asblaok;5 feet 10 and 150 pounds,wRh a thin mustache and goafoo.He seid his name �
was"Aaron"and he wore a Baggy gray San Diego Staie sweetshiri,baggy blue jeans end a bfeak basaball cap,according ta the i
sergeanL `
His acaomplice was described as black,B faet ial!and 22D pounds,last sean wearing a red T-shi�t snd da�k jesns.
Anyone with information on the rabbers was asked to eall the Shedff s Department's Impenal Beach subsieilon ai(619)49&2400. �
; -`— "" Ali content�Copyright 2006-2015 WorldNow and Midwest Television,lnc.Afl Rights Reserved.
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� Medical marijuana delivery person held up in High Desert robbery � Page 2 of 7
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Medical marijuana delivery person held up in High Desert robbery
By Beatriz E.Valenzuela,Staff Writer
Posted:04/12/13,12:01 AM PDT�
0 Comments
HESPERIA--A man suspected of holding t�p a medical marijuana delivery man Thursday night in Hesperia is behind bars today.
Christopher Street,27,of Montrose is being held at the Victar Valley Jail on suspicion of robbety,according to San Bernardino County Sheriffs
booking information.
Deputies received a 911 call from a man who said he had just been robbed at gunpoint by a man,later identified as Street,at a home in the I4700 block
of Live Oak Street around 6:30 p.ra.,according to sheriffs officials,
Initial dispatch reports indicate the man was delivering medical marijuana to the Live Oak Street home.
The man reported he was invited into the home to make the delivery when Street reportedly pulled a rifle aut and pointed at him,officials said.
Frightened,the delivery man dropped the marijuana and managed to escape through a bedroom window then called deputies.The man was not injured
in the incident.
Deputies went to the home and were able to identify Street,according to Sue Rose,spokeswoman for the Hesperia station.Investigators also managed
to locate the rifle and the marijuana dre�pped by the delivery man.
Street was arrested without incident.
Street is scheduled to be in Victorville Superior court on Monday.
http://www.daiiybulletin.comlgeneral-news/20130412/medical-marijuana-delivery-perso... 10/27/2015
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� One D:ead:�.fter Failed:I�obbery At San Diego 1Vl�dical:I�Iar�.juana.I�isp�nsary ��KFBS : 1'age 1 of.2
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� �1n a�tempted holdup at a North Park medical marijuana dispensary erupted in gunf re Friday,
� leaving a security guard wounded and a.suspected robb�r dead,au�horities r�ported.
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� . The sh�otout at th� shop n�a�the intersec�ion of 30th Stre�t and University l�venue occurred .
� shortly before 12:3Q p.rn., ac�ording to �an Diego police. .
O:ne af�three susp�cted thieves died at th� sc�ne, a dispatcher said. The other two ran off and sped �
out of the area in a white sedan. `
1Vledics took th�wounded secu�ity officer to S�ripps Mercy Haspital9 SDPD public-affairs Officer
: �ark I-Ierring said. The vict�m's conditio�was not irnm�diat�ly available. �
� ,
CITY N�WS �ERVICE
:: R�l�t�d, �o�t��t
�an Diego's First Legal Medical Nla�ijuana Dzspensary Passes Last Test � January 29, 2015
" �heriff; �Irijured In Medi�al 1V1axiJuana�hop Robbery � Decemb�r 9, 2014
�ceariside 1�lanning Commission`�ates To Zone For Medical Marijuana Dispensaries ( 1VIay 9,
t; 2014
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� .�eanl�Iar� ( 1-�.pr��25,�01� a�3�14 parr�o - �ye�r,6_��nths ��o
'Thank you security�uard, ge�w�ll soon. Or�ly �ur�s can stop armed thugs who decide to
jtak�things from other people instead of workin�and�arning thern on their own.
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; http:/Iwww.kpbs.org/news/2014/a�r/25/atternptedmholdup�medical�maxijuana-d�spensary-:;. 10/27/2015
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� One Dead After Failed Robbery At San Diego Medical Mari�uana Dispensary � KPBS Page 2 of 2
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� muckapool � Apri126,2014 at 11.:26 a.m. -- 1 year, 6 months ago
Congratulation on the kili shot. Get well soon.
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sdreefer2l � April 26,2414 at 11:53 a.m. — 1 year, 6 months ago
For some weed really.......Some people need to be cleansed from the earth.
muckapool � Apri126,2014 at 12:53 p.m. — 1 year,6 months ago
One was. Lock and load for the rest.
http://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/apr/25/attempted-holdup-medical-marijuana-dispensary-... 10/27/2015
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� _ 1 l�illed in bo�ched�robbe a�edi�al mari°uana sho near LA.X-LA T�mes _ , Pa e 1�of 2
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Sw�a��THos Attempted robbe�-y at medical pof�hQp near LAX leaves 1 man dead;
! ` another sought by police
JUN�25,2�14, 3:20 PM
,
= ne m.an was killed and another�vas being sought�Vednesday after an a�tempted:
robbery of a medical ma�ijuana d�spen�a�yy nea�Los Angeles International Airport.
Th.e two rrien entered the�at�re's Cure Inc. dispensar°y at�30o W. Cen�u�y�lvd.
ab�ut l�°i�pern.:and we�°e involved in an exchange of gun�ire with the securzty guard,
according to fhe Los A.ngeles Police Departm�nt,
�ne of the men was struck in the stomach during the incident and was later pranounced dead,
police said. _
;;
'The second:man,wearing a beige shirt,green pants and a brown baseball cap,fled in a black
! BI�[�,accord.ing to authorit�e�. Police were searching for hian. �
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� h�p://wvw�.latimes.comllocal/lano�/la-rrie�lne:1�ki�led�me�.ical-ma��j�aana-lax-20140625�... l�/27/201�
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� 1 killed in botched robbery a medical marijuana shop near LAX- LA�imes Page 2 of 2
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; Copyright O 2015, Los Angeles Times
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http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-l-killed-medical-marijuana-lax-20140625-.., 10/27/2015
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Margaret�ltims said. Tom Cruise And Katie Halmes'Left Baby,
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"We hava several children who were terrorized in their own
� hame,"Mims said."The teenage glrl was used as a human shield
� as the suspects were leaving the residence,and they kidnapped `
; her,putting her in the car,°
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4 their way.info the house around 4 a.m.,she said:During�the home
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2 killed in robbery of California marijuana grow- Yahoo News Page 2 of 16
invasion,a man in the house was pistoi-whipped and the robbers
and victims exchanged gunfire. ��
Deputies who responded to calis of the robbery saw h+vo cars �- �'•��� �'
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speed away.They were only able to stop one of the vehicles
when it puiled up to a hospital with a wounded man in a ski mask. _
The deputiss gave him CPR,but he died a short time later inside ,,,;;°;��;;;° �,:�" , . ,
the hospitat,Mims said. Heidi Klum Dressed as Jessica Rabbit Is
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Two other men in the vehicle were faken into custody. Raokea
i Suspects in the other car took the girl hostage and took her a dan- � ,,- ", .
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gerous ride topping 100 mph before dropping her off unharmed ` E�
near downtown Fresno.Investigators found severa!shotguns and � � a�, ��'
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The house had three marijuana plots and 150 plants,Mims said. LiFeRaily,corn Sponsored
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� � Sheriff: 2 Inj�red:In��dreal IVlarijuana�hap`Robbery � I�.��S : �. . , Page 1 of 2
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� A holdup at an unlicemsed East County rnedical 1r�.arijuana shop erupted in gunfir�Tuesday,
� �
'; , wounding:a.good �amarit�.n and an all��ed robb�r,who lat�r'vwas arrested along with a suspected
` '� accornplic�. .
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, . , The shooting in the 9QOQ block of Campo l'�oad in �prin�Valley v�as report�d about 11 a,m.,
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�ccord�n��o sheriff� officials. I3eputi�s a�-r�ved to�ind a 32-year-old man suffer�ng from a gunshot
: _ , - ,
wound tc�the 1�g9:I�t. Ch�is May s�.id. ;
` The vic�irn, a:work�r a:�a smok� shQp iie�t door,was shot while coming to t�e aid of the p�ople `
b�zng robbed,May said. .
, �
1�short time later, a d�puty pulled over two suspects on a n�arby str��t. The.passeng�r, identifed
a�29-year-old Jam�s Crutcher,jumped out and escap�d on foot,clespite having b�en shot se�eral
� times.during the xobbery,May said. � -
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I T'he driv�r 30�jjear-old Frank Dal� resisted�rrest, accordin to'�Ta�Ts but was ev�ntuall�J taken _
9. e1' �9'-.: � ✓ 9 d
� in�o eustody af�er the patrolinan si�ced`a serv�ce dog on h11n.
-
_ D�putie�eventually caugh�up�vi�h Crutcher in�h�41 Q0 blo�k of Cagnino Paz and'took him into
I, custody. �oth suspeets were taken to a hospital.
_ - :
�heriff s officials did not'immediately disclose vvho fi��d the sho�s that wounded Grutcher and the
. s�noke--shop employ�e. .
� ...........:..............:.......:................................::........................._...............:..-�--�-��---.........---.....:.....__........_._.....::..::.:_..........,._..:................._..............................:........
� ; CITY 1�TEW� SEF�VICE
� �elat�d Co�ten�
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One Dead After Failed Robbezy At San L�iego Medical I�Iarijuana Dispensary � April 25, 2014
; Shot�Fired At La�Ilesa Motel; Parolee Holed Up In Roam�'ound D�ad � Apri121,2014
;
1VIan Leads Police Qn Car Chase Then Flees On Foot(I�Tov�mber l�, 2010
; _
�ittp://v�vv.kpbs.org/news/2d14/dec/09lsheriffs-sev�x�al-pe�ple-shot-medica'l�marijuana-s.., 10/27/2015 :
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� Sheriff 2 Injured In Medical Marijuana Shop Robbery KPBS Page 2 of 2
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� 1 Comment ���� ������ �1��i� � �.���� •�-
���€�n���r�� � �ha�� �cart by �1���st �
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Legalizing marijuana sure is reducing crime...
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San Diego's Hot Solar Market May Cool The Online College That's Helping
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�� fatally shot one af two robbers during an armed holdup at a
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North Park marijuana dispensary,a San Diego police detactive g�,,eather update:Scaite�ed sho�xe�s
�� �� �� testified Wednesday. �,
mnving through aan Diego��
Detective Jana Beard said guard Henry Smith told herthat he t,'�d�r��c+.rvuv�C;2t.a1;i r;�to�h�'t�s�t�
Related shoi fhe alleged robber,identified as 18-year-old Marlon � `- Tn�q�r��y vr�«t�3r+ci��,�n
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' `"'" Thomas,aRer Thomas and another robber threatened to kil!him County Tuesd�r��»arnirs{�a��
Qeadly shootvut as pct ��y�the dispensary awner during fhe armed holdup. rxper:Ec:d ko r•.as�«�t����in
st�op robbery goes bac! the a€iernr��n a�G9�6f i14y3ff1�1f1{�3f2CNJ tI13C Yriil
Q� "He(the guard)thought he was going to die,"Beard testified {.��c;;,;;istU>tlie upr.c�nurs�r,,;eekE�tul.
during a preliminary hearing for suspecfs Kurese Bsll and Atiim
Smi#h."He was scared...petrified."The security guard was shot in his pelvis and survived. �'�rni1y asks for 1�telp in�inding t'nissing
Beli,18,is charged with first-degree murder,attempted murde�and robbery in the holdup Orange County l��n aM
and fata(shooting that occurred abdut 12:30 p.m.April 25,2014,in the 3800 block of Ray !1i�G'a;F:�t��ov r�:,;<��t,s:37 Ars.t r�s7
St�9et. A•16-Year-Jfu yiri is tn�ss���
� ar�d herta3ni3���e:�r�'.she n�,is
i Smith,22,is eharged with attempted murder and felony robbery.His fingerprints were found '' na�.e�en arn�ur.tr,c�into i��:
� sex�a9e,Alexuz i;cntseras,
� in a car impounded by pofice afier the robbery,a latent print examiner testified. ;;r,�,�,�s<,,�,4�t1'J�,c:X3,��tr,st��•����<d�,�ti,<�:
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! c�r.ner of Micsic�n Etoult:varc�3 an�3 Garr�ett Rro��enc�c i��
i Anoiher person,21-ysar-old Jonathan Vincent Collins,pleaded guilty to a robbery charge �;��:E,��ea=:t,���,��3tea,u�r�i�co o���F�:=�e�,;��,�,u
; with a gang allegation. �2��;,y,�;�,r�<>.
! Be(I—wtso was 17 at the time--is also charged in the robbery of a smoke shop on EI�ajon
Boulevard fiour days before the dispensary robbery. D.A.:Shooting of inenta!!y ill liomefess
; man jusfified w�
He was arrested in May at a Los Angeles-area mote!and charged es en edult in the case. q��q;�r�rl:t�1ov 111,�01,�:.3?.�t��r'ST �r+
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CityNc�vs Politics 7apics EnvironmeM : Edutation MnouncrmenM Tnf�ec Pl�oLof Btogs Q��
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UPLAND: Marijuana dispensary robbed; � . ; '. �,
suspec#s arres#ed after standoff �
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SY STEPHEN WALL tLONFRIBUTli�6 t'1ftl r ER ;lirl..?�tt):Na�quaan r:fs,^.ns3r
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Armed suspects rohbed an tlplsnd marijuana dispensary Friday night,Jan:30,and �
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Uarficaded thei»selves insfde an apait�nent before sur�endering to poiice about 22
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Officersgot a cal!°aboutll p.m.Friday of e robhery at a medieat marijuar�a dispensary `rn���,;�u��i r:Tl1�)7(C 5'S�1?II)Y��i:115R11d};c\.:wspai�x
in tha 7U0 btock of��launtain Avenue,said UptaEid police Lt.Cliff.Mathe4vs. ������������ . '�� ��� . :':,��
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Tv�oaduEtsandEwoteens-threeofthemarmedwithhani3g�ns-approachedthree u,g�� -
male emptayees in the parking lot of th.e 6osiness and shot one of the workers in Yhe '�A` �°`_ � -
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The suspects forced the empioyees inside the dispensary at gunpar3t.Tt�ey tied up �� �"
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� their hands and€eet,then stole marijuena;casli and a car belonging to one afthe : ,� � • ,, , ;• ;
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+r�orkers,Mathevrs said. �
� 'fhey fled in a daek gray Cex�as,which was tater recoverecl.A victim managed Ya untie -�a�fly'S POtI ` " 1Nnars#h1s?
himself and call police. �._.. _ :.�_��_.,_...,;:,,:,�..,,�...�.,..
- ' Da you ihink Rcnda Raus2y,who vias bam in
flfficers received Infflmratton[eading them to an apartment in the I340 b[�ck of Riverside,is a good m1a modeE ior yaung�omen?
Randy Street iess than a mileaway, ; YEg'.Yaursp�romen should aspireto he strnng."
oufspoken and independetlt vfiile not ahaid la
� They arrWed aboat4:40 a.m.and dete'rrnined the nien had barricaded tk�emselves embiace�r:elrptiysicarbeau:y.
[ , inside the apartment.They gaue commands but we.re unsuccessful in ge#ting them ta �; No:Ro�sey mai;es a Gu�q ottv3otar.ce;sr.e
€ come ouY,hfathews said. appeared in iha Spnr�s pliesUatad eWtmcuit IssUe,
f whlttt expbits anC ah)ec��fies women.
f ASan Bernardino CountysherifPs SV'IAT;team respanded and cant�nued
� tommunicatingwith the suspects.At about iLa.ni.,the three men walked out and =` �onoin:ara
� were taken i�to custody.Theywere uE�a�med vrhen tl�ey feft the apartment,t�athews �
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,;,,�� About an haur Iater,Upland ualice learned that a fourth suspect��as hiding in an ��p�p�� � �� �
� upsta�rs apartment next doar.Of€icers entered and took the►�tia��out in handcuffs at ��p���`I �
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No one was injured in the standotf.The man who was shot in the!eg was tafcen to a ~ .
hospitaE.His injuries are not considered life threatening,Mathews said. {I�IISg!!M@d1Ca1 A�'tS P13t8
Police arrested Christopher Baca,30,of Covina,and Diego Sanchex,l9,of Upland. 341 Magrlolla AVB.��uuite�201
Corona,Ca 92879. _
Two 15-year-old boyswere taken to a San Bernardino Countyjuvenile detentian Q�1•735=9�'�'�;
faciliry,f.iathews said.
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Baca and Sanchez face charges of robbery,assault wit}�a deadly weapon and 7r�ndin�
kidnapping,he said.
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Mathews said he didn't know if any guns,marijuana or cash was recovered. �,�n�;,r:;«�,d says;L�Pp1F[`_•
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Police has earlier evacuated residenu nearthe crime scene to a shelier set up by the
American Red Cross at Magnolia Recreatian Center in Upland.They evere aElowed to is�.��e���ra�e:�cn::€�:.�x,
fsanc�+::�gle�r"taf.esth.�,�ic.p
return to their homes about 12:30 p.m. R'M c,:�
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Stephanie M19onroy,l3,lives in an apartment nextw vrherethe three suspects -
barricaded themselves.She said she w�as aslee when she heard officers or�er them °'''''���'�'�`°`""``R�``'°i't:
P � �as�r�3u��3.Na>.asor.:iifx
to come out.
Potice arrived and told her Famity to go out the hack door,Monroy said.
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"I felt so scared,"she said."Society Is crary today.Thank God nobody got hu�t." St:,,�,
Alonroysaid a man wfio lived in the apartment next door seemed fike a friendiy
person. � 'u.N R�ff-Pi,1�t':�fJCi:''anily
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Police say they don't know if the suspects lived in the apartment.
Upland prohibiis medical marijuana dispensaries,and the business where the
robbery occurred will be shut down,Mathews said.
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'` Three people wer� zip-tied during the robber.y ambush and one shot,�said olice,
p-
who traeked some ofi the suspects to a nearby Upl�nd residence `
; �y Asher Kleir� and Jane Yamamoto :
� � � �
; An hours��lon�standoff ended in the arrests of two m�n and two boys in the Inland Empire,wher� a .
. _
rx�edical rnarijuan:a dispensary was robbeci:Jane Yamamota report�for'the NI�C41�ews at 6 p.m. on
�atur,day, Jan. 31�, 20 l.5. (Published Saturday,Jan. 31,2015)
An�hvurs-I�ng s�andoff bet�e.�n a S1�/AT'�team and rr�en befieved to have vioien�ly
robbed thre� other men at a ne�rby Infand Empire medi�a! marijuana dispensary
- ended in�four arre�t� �aturd�y morning. ,.
� T'v�ro men and �� boys w�re_arres�ed a�ter:police used a clavv device to rip open
:the facade �f the Upland apartrr�ent�rhere the suspects �ere holed up.
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"! saw cops, guns, rifles. I sar�r gtays on the ro.ofis, �hich l �hir�k vvere:the :
; sharpshooters," a vvi�ness said.
�
Three vvere arrested in �hat house, �hile:the�fourth suspec� vuas four�d and taken
into custody at a nearby ap�:rtm�nt compl�x, Upfand police said. The fo�r suspec�s
allegedfy had five handguns in �heir passes�ion.
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Earlier, police said five men in hoods took money and a car from the marijuana
dispensary, but they later revised that number to four.
� The four suspects face charges of robbery, assault with a deadly weapon and
�
kidnapping, police said.
• 3-Month-Old Babv Found Safe, Father Arr�sted: Deputies
The suspects are believed to have shot one of three men they tied up at the
dispensary, in the 700 block of North M�untain Avenue, at about 10 p.m. Friday.
The dispensary was about three miles from the apartment complex where the
standoff took place.
The men were able to break free from zip ties and spoke to police.
• Lakers GM Talks Kobe, Surqery and Steve Nash
A SWAT team arrived at the house in the 1400 block of Randy Street about 4:40
a.m. as police evacuated nearly 75 residents of the neighborhood. The long
standoff ended at around 11 a.m.
Diego Sanchez, 19, of Upland, and Christopher Baca, 30, of Covina, were arrested
along with two boys who haven't been named because of their ages, police said. It
wasn`t clear what their relationship was.
http://www.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?expixe=&title=IE+S WAT+Standoff+Ends+in... 11/10/2015
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, � Police respanded �o Cal Med Express, located at 759 Nor�h Mountain Avenue, in
.� . . . . . � � � � . � . . . .. . . . : .
; � Upland, just a�ter 11 p,m. for a robbery calf, Lt. Alan �,ns�ra said. They found the
` ; � three vic�ims who had been tied up by�he robbers, Ans�.ra said.
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# The three rr�en were feaving �he medical marijuana disp�nsary.about 10 p.m.
,
? Fr�day, uvhen they vuere approached by mafes �rearing gloves ar�d hoods over their
, ; _ , .
' € faces, police said. The victims were farced back into the bus�ness and were
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. � immediately zip-tied.
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Qne af the victims suffered a non�li�e threa�ening gunshot wour�� to his ieg and
was later�ransported to Arrowhead Regional f�edica! Center, �nsara said. Ano�her
� victi�n wa� pistol whipped during the irtcident b�t did not need any medicaf
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trea�r�nent.
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� The suspec�s allegedly took off in one of the victims`2007 dark grey Lexus IS 250
vvith cash and marijuanat police �aid. .
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� The shap v�as not zoned to sefl medical marijuana, police said. � -
IV,���editar D/ee�ia �lloo contr�but�a'to �`his report.
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11 , 1 p
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Llko Tweet G+1
SAN BERNADINO, CA—A security guard at a California medical marijuana
dispensary was shot and kiiled Monday night during a botched robbery
a#tempt.
The shooting happened around 10 p.m. at an unnamed pot shop in the Star
World Plaza strip mall on the 2804 block of West Rialto Avenue in San
Bernadino.
According to witnesses, twQ men were attempting to rob#he dispensary when
shots were frred. According to police, one of the men forced his way into a
back room and started shooting at the security guard, who returned fire.
The security guard, 25-year-old
Anthony Victor Pineda, was
pronounced dead at the scene.
He may have shot one of the
suspects before he died,
http://www.thedailychronic.net/2015/40907/security-guard-fatally-shot-in-california-med... 11/10/2015
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������. ���` .:��:? �r�p�r�a large pooi of blo�d�a�
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, �-��� ���f °a� �`"�` � �' � �� �olice believ�d �he wounded
s,a , -a �,�,�'�t.� `,�h���?����,�,
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����. ����`� �{�Y��� � ������� suspect, uvho remains at
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�z���:=F :h ��� larg� rna have been crifiicall �
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� �.. �"��� injured. Local f�ospitals hav�
. .�',�`�u`�t�Z'4T y ..�� �7-�tn . .
f y � . ;:, . ��� b�en al�rted t� faok fsr sam�one
4)�s b, . t Si�s,.
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���-� � su�f�ring fr�m �gunshot�ound'.
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� ��,�,�,����:. ��{����� ccording to po�ece �he�u�pects
. .r75q, v�a,J'�z,�',7 ' � . �j.��'`,��"a+ �,: ' :. ;. . � f :. ... . .
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T�Y��� ���.., �� ����.r`�� f�ea tne�cer���oi�o�ring th�
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�?'�'�'i �`'11��� /�:�.' r>.�.`-�'„7e'i-�uf�a 'd � .
�q�t-�S'�^'gS������ y`.�"��t��1j�� . . . �
_��s.�a.4 4�� �.{`Jlsc -�.���fi�,�k��r�.'���>i�,. a���t � ..� .: . . .. . �-. .
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25 year oid security gu�rd An#hony Victor ��a�� i��h�SuspeGt�gOt�v�t�y
Pineda was shot arid kiued dur.�ng a bo�ahed ��th any cash or mari�uana'from
robbery at�empt of a medic�l marijuana=� ': th�disp�tls2iry. ,
dispensary operating illegally in San San
` : . ,,
Bernardino. . I#'s uncle�r�ho else w�s in the ,,
� > btailding�at the time�f the "
� shoofing. Police say the�ernployees and o�ner�of the dispensary h�ve nof
b�en c�opera�rng:�rith.�l�� investigatian, and the mer�ally vvour�ded s�curity
:t , . _
: guard�as Eock�d inside th�buifding �fter being shat. _
. "Som�b�dy ac�uaily lock�d �he bu�ir�e�s. �Ve a�tually had fo forc��r�try to get
to the victirn and check his status,,' s�id San ��rnardino police Lt. Rich
_ Lavuhead. .
. �olice say employ�es o�tf�e busine�s�-vvho de�crib�d therr�se(ves a�_
� _
"voEunteers"-have been uncoop�ra�iv��rith fhe invesfiigation. �
;
"VV�could do our job a f�ot be�ter if everybody�rould'b��o�p�ra�ive�ith us
_
� and,just give us the;inf�rmatian;,, La�rhead;�aid.. ,
� _ . -
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, Detectives�anf�� access securE�y footag�frorn the dispen�ary, but store
i _
i �mploy��� are no#cooperating.
� :
"V1le're hoping that the video gives us a I�t more information," Lt. Lavuhead
�
add�d. "{t's v�ry frus�rating. �'mean I j��t think if it w�s your loved one in�
,
there." �
f _ _
.
Medical r�arEjuana dispensarie� are not a�lowed in San �ernardino, and i��as
, _ � .
� n��c(ear hor�lor�g the unnamed di�pensary had b�en opera�ing. -
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; , Security Guard Fatally Shot._ California Marijuana Dispensary Robbe.� Page 4 of 11
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j Monday s shooting was the second to occur in that strip mall in the past year.
�
# A man was fatally shot in the parking lot last Jufy, and police have not made
�
� an arrest in that case.
3
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� l� TJ Baker(http://www.thedailychronic.net/author/tjbakerl)
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A medical marijuana dispensaiy employee was sh�t ir�the leg as tl�ree men robbed the
mid-Wilshire area business,police saicl Sunday,May 24. sa
At about 7 p.m.,the three suspects entered the�tore in the 5800 blotk of Pico
Brnaleva�d,Los An�eles police lt.Lc�tt�iie Tiano said.
The suspects flashed flrearms and made ofif with marijuana,but it's imclear if they stole
any money,Tiai�o said.
As they feft,[hey fired�r.e sh�t that struck an emplc�yee in a le�,he s�id.The victim was
I taken la ari area hasrit�l fnr tre.�irr�eE�t.
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�""""""" The suspects were described as blatk males in tiieir
More from Highland Park-Nlount t+�kSHttvC,'rnr+�.��NE�vS
Washington Patch 20s.
•7 Men,1 Woman Accused of 7 Men,9 Woman AcCused of
Numerous GraffItl Attacks on Metro "��rY IVeirf+s 5ervite Numeraus Graffiti Attacks on
Metro
• Have You Seen Hlm?Youn Man �+e ur.�ceile�d;-
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Nlissing Slnce September Rescues Sailor in Mexica�i Waters =a�`c�°���`
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rSmong 1 K Exp€oited by c�I�ZEfUglO OII SRII �,,,,, Ar.gele$Cour.t�,
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{ Print A�icle..A.rxn�d��n rob���sed medi�al ma�r�uana.disp�nsary i�.S�ta Ana Pag� 1 of 1
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BY LOUIS:CASdAI�O JR.
2015-07-Q219:17:23 ':
. A shutt�red medical marijuana tli�pensary in�anta Ana with tvvo people ir�side wa�robbed by i�nro armed
men Thur�day a�ter��on,auth�ritie�`�aid.
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F A�2:45 p.m:,�o rne��nri#h handg�an�broke infio a building in#he,1�00 block of East Garry Avenue,wh,ere
` t�e found tuvo eo !e inside, �aid� I Anthvn: ��rta �a of the�ar�ta Ana Police De ar�ment. �
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The people inside�nrere tied up�ith duct fape and the su�pe�ts took ar� candisclosed amount of:cash, �
� marijtana;and pea�sonal itei�s from tf�e vi�tims.
� T'he su�pect�fled in a vehicle,and no one�ras injured.
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� No description of the suspects was available.
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� The bu�iness that operafed in the building�as cl��ed in Jun��ft�r undercover palice-officers purchased
� marijuana#here, �ertagna�aid. ,
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It was not cfear how the suspec�got inside the b�ilding or if�he'dispen�ary vvas still operating inside;; :
! t�ertagna said. , . .
� "I d�kno�:th�y had marij�ana a�d'mon�y at�he locati�n, but I:don't knaw if they were operating or not,»h`e '
said.
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1n November, v�ters approved a measure t�repal the ban on medical marijuana dispens�ries in fhe city.
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' 1'wenty applican#s�eiect�d from a pubiic lottery were chos�n in Febt�ary#o move on to the next phase in
� opening a medical marijuna collective.All other facififie�in Santa I�na ar��perating illega!!y, �ertagna�said. -
,
Con#act�he wrc��r. 714-796 24�7�ar��a�iar�o ocreqi�ter.com �
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� Marijuana delivery man robb a-in Altadena ( Crime Scene Page 1 of 2
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� Marijuana delivery man robbed in Altadena
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� Posted on September 26,2015 by Brian Day
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ALTADENA»A man claiming to be delivering medical marijuana for a dispensary was robbed of bolh cannabls and cash early Thursday in a
residential Altadena neighborhood,authorities said.
The crime was reported just before 2 a.m.at Beverly Way and Maiden Lane,Los Angeles County sheriffs Lt.Cruz Solis said.
Deputies first responded to the neighborhood after residents reported a man knocking on doors,apparently in some sort of distress,the lieufenant said.
The viclim,a 26-year-o1d Pasadena man,told police he was delivering for a legai medical marijuana dispensary when a man grabbed him,threatened
him and robbed him of marijuana,cash and his car keys,Solis said.
They keys turned up in some nearby bushes the following day,he said.
The amount of money and marijuana stolen was not available.A detailed suspect descripiion was not available.
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This entry was posted in 211,Altadena,marijuana by 8rian Day.Bookmark the permalink
� (http://www.insidesocal.com/sgvcrlmel2015109l26lmarijuana-delivery-man-robbed-In-altadenalj.
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September 28,201510:99 AM
Flled Under:Armed robbery,Arrest,Deiivery priver,Medical marijuana;Monterey
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� ' _ �tIONTEREY(C�S SF)—A man r�as arrest�d�riday on suspicion of � '� \.� ��. � �,�1���;�� ,��i���
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robbing a medical marijuana delivery senttee driver at gunpoint(ast �,��`���4�'��; `:, ���.��
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month in f�Qnt�rey,according to the Penin�ula RegionaJ Violence ' ���� � �``-�� s ,
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Detecfives with�he regional#as�force arrested 25-year-old Juan . ��r� - } � > �.,; ;.� t7ti s;
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� " Afvarez v►rhen they served a search vvarrant�t a heme in tfie 1400 ��} k �f �� ��
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Al�arez was arres�ed on suspicion of armed robbery, posses�ion of a #; : ; � r���� �Sz�{,�x' �
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firearm as a prohibi#ed p�rson, po�se��ian of marijuana for�ale, � y : r�: �� � .�
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restraining order, �c�ording to�he ta�k force. .. . . : �< '4 �� ;�� �����`:
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O�cers uvifih the I�arrna ar�d Carmel police departmenfs assisted task ��,;� ��� .�E �,,
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� Police Arrest Suspect In Armed Robbery Of Medical Marijuana Deliver�river« CBS S... Page 2 of 3
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Around 5:45 p.m. on Aug. 20, Monterey police had responded to a
report of an armed robbery in the 400 block of Del Rosa Avenue.
� When officers arrived, they learned the suspect had robbed a medical
� marijuana delivery service driver at gunpoint.The suspect then fled
on foot with marijuana and cash, according to the task force.
Alvarez was booked into Monterey County Jail following his arrest
Friday and his bail was set at$40,000.
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http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal:com/2015/09L2�/police�arrest�suspec�Pin-armed-robb�ry�of-m... 10/27/2015
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� � Print Article: Man shot near anta Ana medical maxijuana dispensary Page 1 of 1
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Man shot near Santa Ana medical marijuana dispensary
By LOUIS CASIANO Jr.
2015-11-02 16:19:06
� i�� �� ���,��� � . �� A man was hospitalized Monday after he was shot near a medical
�ry��` �t� ' '� ''J� ��`� marijuana dispensary in Santa Ana, police said.
����` �� ��' '�,��� . ����� � �� Santa Ana police ofFicers responded at 3:35 p.m. to reports of shots
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� ,� s���� fired in a arkin lot of the South Coast Safe Access mari uana
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; �_ `� i� ��� dispensary in the 1900 block of East Warner Avenue, Cpl.Anthony �
}���� � Bertagna said.
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� a � When they arrived, they found a man in his late 40s with a gunshot
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'�"�"` `� �"`��'` �" wound to his stomach. He was taken to a hospi#al and is expected to
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survive.
It is unclear how many times the man was wounded but multiple shots were fired, Bertagna said.
Officers and an Orange County Sheriffs Department helicopter were searching for one suspect.Authorities
originally reported they were searching for two suspects.
At the scene, Randall Longwith, an attorney for the dispensary, appeared frustrated by the events. He said
there were multiple employees inside the store and one guard who, much to his disappointment,was
unarmed.
Safe Coast Safe Access was the first dispensarv to open of the 20 that were chosen to apply for licenses
from the city.
"Theoretically we anticipated that this was going to happen," Longwith said. He claims to have asked the city
to allow the store to have an armed guard but was denied. He believes that the store's inventory and money
make it a target.
"This is essentially a cash business ... we have a lot of cash on hand."
He said he plans to approach the city once again to let the store have an armed guard.
The name of victim was not released.
Contact the writer:714-796-2478 or Icasiano[cD.ocreqister.com
O Copyright 2015 Freedom Communications.All Rights Reserved.
Privacv Policv�User Aqreement�Site Map
http://www.ocregister.com/common/printer/view.php'?db=ocregister&id=690304 11/10/2015
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` �I3IT'�P;���1�.�l�IVI JIJ.t�I�TA l�ISPEIV�:�. �
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j O 2009 C�lifornia Police Chiefs Assn. A!I Rights Reserved
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Beyond any question, this White Paper is the product of a major cooperative effort among
representatives of numerous law enforcement agencies and allies who share in common the goal of
bringing to light the criminal nexus and attendant societal problems posed by marijuana dispensaries
that until now have been too often hidden in the shadows. The critical need for this project was first
' recognized by the California Police Chiefs Association,which put its implementation in the very
capable hands of CPCA's Executive Director Leslie McGill,City of Modesto Chief of Police Roy
Wasden,and City of El Cemto Chief of Police Scott Kirkland to speaxhead. More than 30 people
contributed to this project as members of CPCA's Medical Marijuana Dispensary Crime/Impact
Issues Task Force,which has been enjoying the hospitality of Sheriff John McGiiu�is at regular
meetings held at the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department's Headquarters Office over the past
three years about every three months. The ideas for the White Paper's components came from this
group, and the text is the collaborative effort of numerous persons both on and off the task force.
Special mention goes to Riverside County District Attorney Rod Pacheco and Riverside County
Deputy District Attorney Jacqueline Jackson,who allowed their�ffice's fine White Paper on
Medical Marijuana: History and Current Complications to be utilized as a partial guide, and granted
permission to inciude material from that document. Also,Attorneys Martin Mayer and Richaxd
Jones of the law firm of Jones&Mayer are thanked for preparing the pending legal questions and
answers on relevanf legal issues that appear at the end of this�Vhite Paper. .And,I thank recently
re#ired San Bernardino County Sheriff Gary Penrod for initially assigning me fio contribute to this
important work.
Identifying and thanking everyone who contributed in some way to this project would be well nigh
impossible, since the cast of characters changed somewhat over the years,and some unknown
individuals also helped meaningfully behind the scenes. Ultimately,developing a White Pape�on
Ma�ijuana Dispensaries became a rite of passage for its creators as much as a writing project. At
times this daunting, and sometimes u.nwieldy, multi-year project IZad many task force members,
including the White Paper's editor,wondering if a polished final product would ever really reach
fruition. But at last it has! If any reader is enlightened and spurred to action to any degree by the
White Paper's important and timely subject matter,all of the work that went into this collaborative
project will have Ueen well worth the effort and time expended by the many individuals who worked
harmoniously to make it possible.
Some of the other persons and agencies who contributed in a meaningful way to this group venture
over the past three years, and deserve acknowledgment for their helpful input and support, are:
George Anderson, California Department of Justice
Jacob Appelsmith, Office of the California Attorney General
John Avila, California Narcotics Officers Association
Phebe Chu, �ffice of San Bernardino County Counsel
Scott Collins, Los Angeles County District Attorney's Off ce
Cathy Coyne, California State Sheriffs'Association
Lorrac Craig, Trinify County Sheriff s Department
Jim Denney, California State Sheriffs'Association
Thomas Dewey, California State University—Humboldt Police Department
Dana Filkou�ski, Contra Costa County District Attorney's Office
John Gaines, California Departrnent of Justice/Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement �
Craig Gundlach,Modesto Police Department
John Harlan, Los Angeles County District Aitorney's Office—Major Narcotics Division
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. I All Rights Reserved
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; � Nate Johnson, California State University.Poizce .
i � Mike Kanalalcis,Monterey County Sheriff s Of�'ice
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f j Bob I�.ochly, Cont�a Costa County C)ffice of District At�omey
; � � Tommy LaNier,The l�Tational 1Vlari�uana I�.itiative,I�IDTA
; � Carol Leveroni, California Peace�Jfficers Association
� � Kevin�1VIcCarthy,Los Angeles Police I�epartment
� Randy Mendoza,l�rcata Police Departinent
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ll�Iike Nivens, California Highway Patrol _
Rick�ul.es,.`Jffice of the Uni�ed S#ates Attorney . �
Mark Pazin,Mexced County Sheriff s Deparfiment
Michael Regan,El Cemto Police Departnaen�
�. 1Vlelissa Re�singer,California Police Chiefs.Association ,
i Kimberly R.ios,California Department of Justice,�Conferenee Planxiing Unit
j � �ent Shaw,California;Depart�ment of Justic�/Bureau of Narcot�cs Enforcement �
� Crys�al Spencer, Califo�nia Depar��n.ent of Justiee,�onference Planriing Unit
f Sam Spiege�,Folsom P�lice Department
i Valerie'Tay�or, ONDCP
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` 'I'homas Toller,Ca�ifornia l�istricl:At�orneys Association � ..� .
Martin'V�arucar,Jr.,Caiifornia Dis�riet Attorneys Association
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Ap�il 22,2009 � � ..
.Denni�Tilton, Editior
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0 2D�9 California Poiice Chiefs:Assn. ii ,411 Rights Reserved.
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS
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� Pa�es
' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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�' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. .iv-vi
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� WHITE PAPER ON MARIJIJANA DISPENSARIES �
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� INTR�DUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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� FEDER.AL LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
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CALIFORNIA LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
LAWS IN OTHER STATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
ST�REFRONT MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES AND COOPERATIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
H�W EXISTING DISPENSARIES �PERATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
ADVERSE SECONDARY EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES
AND SIMILARLY OPERATING COOPER.ATIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
ANCILLARY CRIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-10
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� OTHER ADVERSE SECONDARY IMPACTS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF
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DISPENSARIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.
: SECONDARY ADVERSE IMPACTS IN THE COMMtJNITY AT LARGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
ULTIMATE CONCLUSIONS REGARDTNG ADVERSE SECONDARY EFFECTS. . . . . . . .14
POSSIBLE LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TD MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES.14-17
LIABILITY ISSUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19
A SAMPLING OF EXPERIENCES WiTH MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19-30
PENDING LEGAL QUESTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-39
CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ENDNOTES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-44
NON-LEGAL REFER.ENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-49
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. lil A!i Rights Reserved
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; Proposition 21�, a�:in�tiative autho�izing th�limxted possession,cultivation,,and use of inar��uana by
k patients.and their care pxovid:ers for ce�rtain�neclicinal purposes xecoinrn.ended by a physiician without
� subjecting such pe�sons to criminal,puriishrnen�,_w�.s.passed by Ca�ifornia voters in 1996: This was
� supplemented by ihe�alifornia State I<egisla:ture's enae�ment in 2��03 af th�IVredi.callVlarijuana �
� Pragram Act(S�420)that becaxne effective in:2004. The language of Proposition 215 was codifed
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�Caiifornia as the Cornpassionate Use 1�ict,;�hich added.sectxon 11362.5 to the California�-Iealth'&
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; �afe�.y Code. Much later, the language of Senate B%11420 bec�a�ne the N.[eclical:Nlarijuana Pzogram`
Act(N.�.VIPA),and was added�o th�CaTifomia Health�i�Safety Code as seetion 11362.7 et seq. '
: �
Among other requzrements,it purporEs to direct;a11 Galifornia.counties to se�up and a.dxninister a
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voluntary identifzca:tion card system for medical:mariJuana users and their caregivers. 5ome
counties have already coxnplied with�he mandatory provisions of the NIMP:A,and others have
challenged provisions of fhe.Act or are awai�ing:outcomes of o�her counties' legal challenges'to'it
;
'� � :befo�e taking affirmative steps to follow all of its dictates. And,with respect to marijuana
dispensa�ies,the reaction of counta.es and municipali�ies ta these nascent busin�sses has been` °
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decidedly.mixed. Some have issued perm.�ts for such enterprises: athers have:refused to do so .
wzthin their jurisdictions. Stil1 others.have conditioned pex:mitting such operations on the condition: '
`that�hey not violate;any state or federa� 1aw,or have reversed course after�initiaily allowing such`
ac�ivities within theix geogra.phical.borcle�s by either limiting or xefus:rng to allow any further �
disp,ensaries to_open in�heir:cornmunity.�T:his:White Paper explores:�h.ese matters,the apparent
confl.ict�between federal and California law, and the sco�e of both direct and indirect adverse
'.impacts of marijuana dispensaries in Iocal commuriities. It also recounts several examples that could
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>be emulated of vcrllat some governmental offi�ials.and 1aw enforcement agencies have already `
� institutecl iri th�ir�urisdictions to limit the.prolifera.tion:of mari.juana dispensa.ries and to mitigate ` `
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the�r nega�ive consequences.. ;, :
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i Except fox.very lzmi�ed and.authorized research purposes,federal�aw through the Controlled
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� Substances;Act absolu�ely prohibits�he use of marijuana for_any legal.purpose,'and classzfies it as'a
` banned Schedule I dru -It cannot be Ie aIl rescribed as medicine b ph slcian. Anci, the`
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federa�regulafion supersedes any state regulatxon;so that under,feder.allaw California medical
marijuana statutes do nat provide a legal defense for cultivating or possesszng marijuana—�ven with
- a physician's�ecommendation for medical use.
0 2Q49 Californi;a Police:Chiefs Assn. iv , Ali Rights Reserved
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CALIFORNIA LAW
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Although California law generally prohibits the cultivation,possession, transportation, sale, or other
transfer of marijuana from one person to another, since late 1996 after passage of an initiative
(Proposition 21.5)later codified as the Compassionate Use Act, it has provided a limited affirmative
defense to criminal prosecution for those who cultivate,possess, or use limited amounts of marijuana
for medicinal purposes as qualified patients with a physician's recommendation or their designated
primazy caregiver or cooperatYve. Notwithstanding these limited exceptions to criminal culpability,
California law is notably silent on any such available defense for a storefront marijuana dispensary,
and California Attorney General Edmund G. Brown,Jr. has recently issued guidelines that generaily
find marijuana dispensaries to be unprotected and illegal drug-trafficking enterprises except in the
rare instance that one can qualify as a true cooperative under California law. A primary caregiver
must consistently and regularly assume responsibility for the housing,health, or safety of an
; authorized medical marijuana user, and nowhere does California law authorize cultivating or
" providing marijuana—medical or non-medical—for profit.
. California's Medical Marijuana Program Act(Senate Bill 420}provides further guidelines for
mandated county programs for the issuance of identification cards to authorized medical marijuana
users on a voluntary basis, for the chief purpose of giving them a means of certif cation to show law
enforcement officers if such persons are investigated for an offense involving marijuana. This
system is currently under challenge by the Counties of San Bernardino and San Diego and Sheriff
Gary Penrod,pending a decision on review by the U.S. 5upreme Court,as is California's right to
permit any legal use of marijuana in light of federal law that totally prohibits any pexsonal
cultivation,possession, sa1e,transportation,or use of this substance whatsoever,whether for medical
or non-medical purposes.
PROBLEMS POSED BY MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES
Marijuana dispensaries are commonly large money-making enterprises that u�ill sell marijuana to
most anyone who produces a physician's written recommendation for its medical use. These
recommendations can be had by paying unscz-upulous physicians a fee and claiming to have most
any malady, even headaches. Whi1e the dispensaries will claim to receive only donations,no
marijuana will change hands without an exchange of money. These operations have been tied to
organized criminal gangs, foster large grow operations, and are often multi-million-dollar profit
centers.
Because they are repositories of valuable marijuana crops and large amounts of cash, several
operators of dispensaries have been attacked and murdered by armed robbers both at their storefronts
and homes, and such places have been regularly burglarized. Drug dealing, sales to minors,
Ioitering,heavy vehzcle and foot traffic in retail areas, increased nozse,and robberies of customers
just outside dispensaries are also common ancillary byproducts of their operations. To repel store
invasions, firearms are often kept on hand inside dispensaries, and firearms are used to hold up their
proprietors. These dispensaries are either linked to large marijuana grow operations or encourage
home grows by buying marijuana to dispense. And,just as destructive fires and unhealthful mold in
residential neighborhoods are often the result of Iarge indoor home grows designed to supply
dispensaries,money Iaundering also naiurally results from dispensaries' likely unlawful operations.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. v All Rights Reserved
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Local governmen�al bodies can zmpose a mora�arium on the licensing of�n.arijuana dispensaries
; while investigating this i:ssue; cai�ban this type of activity because it violates federal law; can use
� zanix�xg to control the dispersion ofdispensaries and the attendan�problem.s that accompany them in
4 ,
� : unvvarited areas; and can condition their operatian on not.violating any federal or sta�e xaw,u�hich is
� akin to banning them, since their primary activ�ties wi11 always violate federal law as i�novc�exists—
. � and a�most surely Ca1z�'ornia law as well. ` ` :
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While highl.y unlikely, local publ�c offic�als,including county supervisors and city council members,
could potentia:lly be charged and p�-osecuted for aiding and abet�ing criminal acts by au�horizing and
Iicensing marijuana dispensaries:if they`do not qualify as"cooperatives"under California law,which
would be a ra�re oecurrence. Civil liability could also result.
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While the Drug Enforce�n�nt Ad�nznistzation has bee�vexy;active in raiding large�=scale marijuana
[. dispensaries in California in the recent past; and arresting and.prosecu:ting their principals under
[
: federal law in selec�ive cases;the.new U.S."At�orney��eneral,Eric Holder,Jr.,has ver_y recentiy
,
: anriounced a majo�chan.ge of:federal posi�ion in the enforcem.enf of federal drug laveJs wxth respect to
marijuana dispensaries. It is to target for prosecu�ion only marijuana dispensaries that are exposed
as fronts for drug trafficking. I�remauis to be seen what standards and de�nitions wi11 be used�o
determine what indicia will consl;i�tu.te a drug tr�.fficl�ing aperation�uitable to trigger investigation .
� _
and enforcement undex the new federa.l administration.
J Some counties; lilce law enforcement agencies in the Count�af San Diego and County af Riverside,
have been aggressive in confronting and prosecu�ing the opearators of marijuana,dispensaries under
state lava. L,ik.ewise;ceftain cities and.counties�ave�-esisted granfing marijuana di.spensaries
' buszness licenses,have denie�.a�pl.ications,or have imposed nloratoria on such enterprises. �Iere;
, too,the future is..uncer�ain;and perm�ssible.legal action with respect to marijuana dispensaries may
�� depend on future court decis�ons not yet han:ded down.;
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Largely.because the majority of their citizens have been sympathetic and�rojected a favo�able
attitude taward rnedical xn.arijuana:patients,and have been tolerant of�the eultivatian and use af
. marijuana, other local public offzcia�s.in California cities and counties, espe.cially in Northern
� California,have taken a"hands offl'attitude vvith respec��o'prosecuting n�arxjuana dispensary .
� � opel-ators,or atternpting to close down such operations. But,because of the life safety hazards
� eaused by ensuing fires that have often erupted in resultant home grow operations,an.d the violent
� acts th�.t have often shadowed dispensaries, some attitudes.have changed and a few political entiti.es-
have reversed course aftex having p�eviously lieensed dispellsaries and authorized;libera.�permissible �
amounts of marijuana for possession by medica�marrjuana patients in-their jurisdictions. 'These
! "patients"have most often turned out to be young adul�s who are not sick at all,but have secured a
,physician's writfien recommendation for ma2-ij�ana use:by simply paying the rec�uired fee demanded
� for this document w�tllou�even first undergoing a physical:examination. Too often"medzcal
ma�rijuana"has been used as a smokescreen for those who vcran�to legalize it and profit off it, and:
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, storefront dispensaries estabiished as cover for selling an_il�egal-substance far a lucrative return.
' O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. vi Afl Rights Reserved
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5
� WHITE PAPER ON MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES
1
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by
CALIFORNIA POLICE CHIEFS ASS4CIATION
Editor: Dennis Tilton,M.A.Ed.,M.A.Lit., M.C.J.,J.D. �
Adjunct Professor of Criminal Justice, Political Science, &Public Administration,Upper Iowa University
Sheriff's Legal Counsel (Retired), San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department
INTRODUCTIUN
In November of 1996,California voters passed Proposition 215. The initiative set out to rnake
marijuana available to people with certain illnesses. The initiative was Iater supplemented by the
Medical Marijuana Program Act. Across the state, counties and municipalities have varied in their
responses to medical marijuana. Some have allowed businesses to open and provide medical
marijuana. Others have disallowed all such establishments within their borders. Several once issued
busi.ness licenses allowing medical marijuana stores to operate,but no longer do so. This paper
discusses the legality of both medical marijuana and the businesses that make it available,and more
specifically, the problems associated with medical marijuana and marijuana dispensaries,under
whatever name they operate.
FEDERAL LAW
Federal law clearly and unequivocally states that all marijuana-related activities are illegal.
Consequently, all people engaged in such activities are subject to federal prosecution. The United
States Supreme Court has ruled that this federal regulation supersedes any state's regulation of
marijuana—even California's. (Gonzales v. Raich (20�5) 125 S.Ct. 2195, 2215.} "The Supremacy
Clause unambiguously provides that if there is any conflict between federallaw and state law,
federal law shall prevail." (Gonzales v. Raich,szcp�a.)Even more recently, the 9th Circuit Court of
Appeals found that there is no fundamental right under the United States Constitution to even use
medical marijuana. (Raich v. Gonzales{9th Cir. 2007} 500 F.3d $50, 866.)
In Gonzales v. Raich, the High Court declared that, despite the attempts of several states to partially
legalize marijuana, it continues to be wholly illegal since it is classified as a Schedule I drug under
federal law. As such,there are no exceptions to its illegality. (21 USC secs. 812{c), 841(a)(1).)
Over the past thirty years,there have been several attempts to have marijuana reclassified to a
different schedule wl�ich would permit inedical use of the drug. All of these attempts have failed.
(See Gonzales v. Raich (2005) 125 S.Ct. 2195, fn 23.) The mere categorization of marijuana as
"medical"by some states fails to carve out any legally recognized exception regarding the drug.
Marijuana, in any form, is neither valid nor legal.
Clearly the United States Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. Its decisions are final and
binding upon all Iower courts. The Court invoked the United States Supremacy Clause and the
Commerce Clause in reaching its decision. The Supremacy Clause declares that all laws made in
pursuance of the Constitution shall be the"supreme law of the land"and shall be legally superior to
any conflicting provision of a state constitution or law.� The Commerce Clause states that"the
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 1 All Rights Reserved
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` � Congress shall:have power to regulate Commerce with foreign.Nations;'and amang the several' '
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€ � Sta�:es, and with the Indian.Tribes.''z :
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; Gonzc�les v. Raich addressed.the concems of two Calzfornia individuals growing and using rnarijuana
� { � under California's medical marijuana statute; The Caurt e�plained that under the�Controlled
; 3 66
; _ Substances Act marijuana is a�chedu�e I drug and�s�strictl�regulated. Schedule I drugs are
;
� :categorzzed as sueh becaitse of thei�high poten�.al for abuse,Iack of any accepted inedical u.se,and
� absence of any accepted safety for.use in rnedically super-v�sed treatment."�(21 USC sec: 812(b}{1}.}
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, ` The�ourt ruled that the Coxrnrn.e�ce Clause is applrcable to Californt.a:individuals grovc�ing and
,
� � obtainingmarij�ana for their own:pex�onal,medical use. Under�he Supremacy Clause,the federal
� i regulation of m.ari�uana,:pursuant to the Cornmerce Clause, supersedes any state's:regulation,
� { including California's. The Coux-�found.that the California�statutes:di.d not provi.de any federal
; defense if a person is brought into federal court far cultivating or possessing marijuana.
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Accordingly,there is no federal exeeption for the-:grotivth,cultzvation,use or possession of marijuana
� � - and al1 such activi�ty remains illegal:� Californi"a's Ca:tn.passi.onate Use Ac�of 1996 and Medical
Marijuana.Progxan�Act of 2004�do not create an eXception:to�his federal Iaw.� AI�marijuana
activity is absolutely illegal and subject to federal regulatioxi.and.p�osecution. This natwi�l�i:standing,
on iVlarch l.9,20.09,:U.S.,:A�o�rney CTeneral Eric I-�older;J�:announced tha�under�he new Obama �
� Adm�nistration the U:�.Depar�ment of 3us�ice.plans to target for prosecutian only those marzjuana
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:` di.spensaries"that use medical marijuana dispensing as a front fo�dealers of illegal drugs:6
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� Generally,:the possess�on, cult�vatio.n;possessXan fox sale,transportation,d�stributlon, furn�shing, .
and giving away of xnari,juana zs unlawful,under Califarnia state statutory law. (See Cal. Health&
Safety�od�.secs. 11357-1136�.) But;on I�tovember 5;;1996, Ca�i.fornia voters adopted Proposztion
215, an initiatzve statufe au�horizing the medical use of inaxijuana:7 The initiative added California
Health and.Safety code section 11362.5,which allows"seri:ously iI�Californians the�igh�to obtain t
`and.use maxijuana for medical purposes where�hat medical use�s d�emed appxopriate'and has been
xecommencled by a physician . . ; ."8 The codified section i.s'known as 1;he Compassi�nate Use.E1ct
:of 1996.9 'Additiona�ly, the State I;egislature passed Seria�e Bi11420�in 2403. It becam�the:Medical
Marijuana Program Act and took effeci on January 1,2004.�° .This act ex.panded the definitions of ''
"patient"and"prilnary caregiver"1� and created gtiidelines for identi�ca�ion cards.jZ It de�ned.the
� cc 9� ' cc • �� ` l3,
` amount of marijuana that �atients, and primary,careglvers can p.ossess. It also created a
� limited affirmative defense to criminal prosecution for qualxfying:individuals that colleetively gather
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f ` ta cultivate medical marijuana,I:4 as we11<as to the cximes,of marijuana:possession,possession for
� sale,transportation, sale,furnishing, cuItzvation,and rnainten.ance:of places for s�orage,use, or
distribution of marijuana for a person who qualifies as.a"patient,"a"primary caregiver,"or as a
member of a legaliy-recagiuzed"cooperative,"as those=terms are defined within the sta�:i.tory
i scheme. I�ievertheless,there is no provision in any of these laws that authorizes or protects the �
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establishment of a"dispensazy99 or other storefront marijuana distribution operation.
f Despit�their zllegality in the federal con�ext,i:he medzcal marijuana laws in Ca�ifornia are specific. ,
C The s�a�utes craft narr.ow affzrmative defenses for particular indiv�dual�with respect�o enumerated =
�
� marijuana activily. Al�conduct, and people eng�.ging 7n it, that f�:i1s outside of the�tatu�es'
parameters remains.illegal unde�Califol-nia law. Relatively.few individuals wi11 be able ta assert the
. a£firxriative defense in.�he s�atute. To use i�a persan inust be a"q�.ali�ed patient,""primary
caregiver,"or a member of a"caoperative." Once they are charged with a crime, if a�
person can prove an applicable lega:I sfatus, tlae�are entitlecl to assert this statutory defense.
.U 2Q09 California Pofice CF�iefs Assn. 2 All Rights Reserved
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rt Former California Attorney General Bill Lockyer has also spoken about medical marijuana, and
�
� strictiy constz-ued Caiifornia law relating to it. His offzce issued a bulletin to California law
,
; enforcement agencies on June 9,2005, The offce expressed the opinion that Gonzales v. Raich did
not address the validity of the California statutes and,therefore,had no effect on California law. The
office advised law enforcement to not change their operating procedures. Attorney General Lockyer
made the recommendation that law enforcement nei#lier arrest nor prosecute"individuals witlun the
legal scope of California's Compassionate Use Act." Now the current California Attorney General,
Edmund G. Brown,Jr., has issued guidelines concerning the handling of zssues relating to
California's medical rnarijuana laws and marijuana dispensaries. The guidelines are much tougher
on storefront dispensaries—generally finding them to be unprotected, illegal drug-traffcking
entezprises if they do not fall within the narrow legal definition of a"cooperative"—than on the
possession and use of marijuana upon the recommendation of a physician.
I
When California's medical marijuana laws are strictly construed, it appears that the decision in
; Gonzales v. Raich does affect California law. However,provided that federal law does not preempt
California law in this area, it does appear that the California statutes offer some legal protection to
"individuals within the legal scope of'#he acts. The medical marijuana laws speak to patients,
primary caregivers, and true collectives. These people are expressly mentioned in the statutes, and, �
if their conduct comports to the law,they may have some state legal protection for specified
marijuana activity. Conversely, all marijuana establishments that fall outside the letter and spirit of
the statutes,including dispensaries and storefront facilities, are not legal. These establishments have
no legal protection. Neither the former California Attorney General's opznion nor the cu�rrent
California Attorney General's guidelines present a contxary view. Nevertheless, without specifically
addressing marijuana dispensaries,Attorney General Brown has sent his deputies attorney general to
defend the codified Medical Marijuana Program Act against court challenges, and to advance the
position that the state's xegulations promulgated to enforce the provisions of the codified
Compassionate Use Act(Proposition 215), including a statewide database and county identification
card systems for rnarijuana patients authorized by their physicians to use marijuana, are all valid,
1. Couduct
California Health and Safety Code sections 11362.765 and 1 I362.775 describe the conduct for
which the affirmative defense is available. If a person quali�es as a"patient,""primary caregiver,"
or is a member of a legally recognized"cooperative,"he or she has an affirmative defense to
possessing a defined amount of marijuana. Under the statutes no more than eight ounces of dried
inariJuana can be possessed. Additionally, either six mature or twelve immature plants may be
possessed.�5 If a person claims patient or primary caregiver status,and possesses more than this
amount of marijuana, he or she can be pz-osecuted for drug possession. The qualifying individuals
may also cultiva�e,plant, harvest, dzy, and/or process marijuana,but only whiie still strictly
observing the permitted amount of the drug. The statute may aiso provide a limited affirmative
defense for possessing marijuana for sale, transporting it, giving it away,maintaining a marijuana
house,knowingly providing a space where marijuana can be accessed,and creating a narcotic
nuisance. �b
However, for anyone who cannot lay ciaim to the appropriate status under the statutes,all instances
of marijuana possession, cultivation, planting,har-�esting, drying,processing,possession for the
purposes of sales, completed sales,giving away, administration,transportation, �naintaining of
marijuana houses,knowingly providing a space for marijuana a.ctivity, and c1•eating a narcotic
nuisance continue to be illegal under California law.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 3 All Rights Reserved
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2. P�.�i�nts and C�.�dhalc�ers :
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� � ;A�dispensary obviously�s not a patient;or cardholder. A"c�uali�ed patient"is an individual vvith a �
� physician'�s recomnmendation that:indicat�s marijuana will benefit the tzeatme�t of a qualifying '
, 111ness., (Cal.I3&S Code�secs. 113:62.��b)(1}{,t�}anc� �:1.362;7{f�:) (�uali�ed zllnesses inc�ude cancer; _
� � anorexia,A.IDS, clironi.c pain, spastxcity,`glaucama,arthritis,migraine,or any othe�illness fo�which �
� ma�ijuana p�ovides Yelaef. A physician s recornmendation that indica�es medical rm.arijuana wil.l �
f
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� . �beneft th�trea�nr�ent of an iliness'is.required before a,pexson:ca.n claim to be a medica�marijuana
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patient. Accordingly, such proof a.s also necessary before a meciical marijuana>affirinatiue defense
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� can be claimed. ,_
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� A person with an identification card means an indiuidual who is a qualified pa.tient who has
E applied for and rece�ved`a valid identifieation card issued by�he�tate Depaz-�ment of Health
` ` Services.: �a�.I�&S Code secs. 1.1362.7 c arid 113�2.7
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The only pe�san or enti.ty authorized to recezve compensation for seivices provided to patients and
cardholders is a primary caregiver. (Cal.II&S Code sec. I 1362:77(c).) Hovvever,nothing zn ths law
authorizes any individual or group to cul#zvate or d.istribute marijuana fox profit. �Cal. H�S'�oc�e
.
- sec. 11362.765,�a):} It is important to note that i�is alrxiost impossable for a storefront ma�ijuana < �
business to gain txue prirnary caregiver status. Businesses that call th:emselves``eooperatives,">but `-
funct�on like storefront dispensaries,-suffer this sa:xne fa.te. In People v.1V�owe�;the court was ve�ry
� ,
clear tha�'the defendant had to prove he was a primary caregiv�r in order to�xaise the medical -
`marijuana affrmati�e defense. _Mr. Mower was prosecuted for supplying ivvo people vaith
marijuana.l� He claimed lie was their prirnary caregiver�.rider the m.edical rnarijuana statu:tes. This i
cla�m required him,to p�ave he"�onsis��r�tly had assumed responsibili�y far either ane's h�u�i��,�-
, ' �� liea��h9 0��af��y"before he could`assert the defense.�9 (Emphasis added.} :
The l�ey to bezng a primary caregiver is no�simply fhat rnari�uana is proVided for a patient's heaith;`
. : ..
the respansi.bzlity for the hea��h must be con�istent;�it must be independen�of rnerely prov�ding
ma�ijuana:for a qualified person; and such a primaly caregauex-patie�xt�relationship mus�begiri befare
,
o�contemporane�ously:with the.time.of assuxnption of iresponsibility for assisting the individual with'
marijuana. (People v.Mentch (200�)45 Cal.4#:h 274,2�3.) Any relafionship a storefront marijuana. :
,
business has with a patient is much more likeiy ta be�ransitaiy than consistent,and ta be wholly
'lacking in providing for a patient's lieaith needs beyond just sup�l�ing him or her with inarijuana.
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t A"przmary ca:regiver"is an individual or faciliry.tha�has"c.onsistently assumed responsibili�y for
' the housin health or safe of a atient"over time. Ca1. H&S'Code sec, 11362.5 e .
, g� 9 tY p t. . C ))
"C012S1S��11Cy"is the key to meetzng this definition. .A patient can elect to pa#ronize any dispensary
;
� that he or she ehooses. The patient can;visit diffezent dispensaries.on.a single day or any subsequent
day. ;The;statu.tory definztion includes some clin'ics,hea�th care facilities,residentia�care facilities,:
' and hos ices. But in li ht of the holciin in Peo le v. Mentch su Yc� to ualif as a r�.ma
� , 9 g . g p._: : � p � �. Y 1� � �'Y
caregiver,more aid,fo a pe�son's:health:znust occur beyond'merely dis�aensing marijuana to a given
customer:
..
Addi�ionally,if more than one patient designates the same person as the primary caregiver,a1I
individuals must reside in the same city or eounty. And, in most c�rcumstances the primary �
caregiver must be at least l�years of age. �
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The courts have found that the act of sigrung a piece of paper declaring that someone is a primary
caregiver does not necessarily make that person one. (See People ex Yel. Lzcngren v. Per�on (1997) 59
I Ca1.App.4�li 1383, 1390: "One maintaining a source of marijuana supply,from which a11 members of
� the public quali�ed as permitted medicinal users may or may not discretionarily elect�o make
� purchases,does not thereby become the party`who has consistently assumed responsibility for the
housing,health, or safety' of that purchaser as section 11362.5(e)requires."}
The California Legislature had the opportunity to legalize the existence of dispensaries when setting
forth what types of facilities could qualify as"primary caregivers." Those included in the list clearly
show the Legislaiure's intent to restrict the definition to one involving a significant and long-term
commitment to the patient's health, safety, and welfare. The only facilities which the Legislature
authorized to serve as "primary caregivers"are clinics,health care facilities,residential care
facilities,home health agencies,and hospices which actuaily provide medical care or supportive
services to qualified patients. {Cal. H&S Code sec. 11362.7(d)(1).) Any business that cannot prove
that its relationship with the patient meets these requirements is not a primary caregiver.
Functionally, the business is a drug dealex and is subject to prosecution as such.
4. Cooperatives and Collectives
According to the California Attorney General's recently issued Gzcic�elines fo�°the Security and Non-
Diversion of Marijuana GYown foY Medical Use,unless they meet stringent requirements,
dispensaries also cannot reasonably claim to be cooperatives or collectives. In passing the Medical
Marijuana Program Act,the Legislature sought, in part,to enhance the access of patients and
caregivers to medical marijuana through collective,cooperative cultivation programs. (People v.
Urziceanu (2005) 132 Ca1.App.4th 747, 881.) The Act added section 11362.775, which provides
that"Patients and caregivers who associate within the State of California in oxder collectively or
cooperatively to cultivate marijuana for medical purposes, shall not solely on the basis of that fact be
subject to state criminal sanctions" for the crimes of marijuana possession,possession for sale,
transportation, sale, furnishing, cultivation, and maintenance of places for storage,use, or
distribution of marijuana. However, there is no authorization for any individual or group to cultivate
or distribute marijuana for profit. (Cal. H&S Code sec. 11362.77(a}.) If a dispensary is only a
storefront distribution operation open to the general public, and there is no indication that it has been
involved with growing or cultivating rnarijuana for the bene�it of inembers as a non-profit enterpxise,
it will not qualify as a cooperative to exeznpt it froin criminal penalties under California's marijuana
laws.
Further,the common dictionary definition of"collectives"is that they are organzzations jointly
managed by those using its facilities or services. Legally recognized cooperatives generally possess
"the followzng features: control and ownership of each member is substantially equal; members are
limited to those who will avail themselves of the services furnished by the association; transfer of
ownership interests is prohzbited or limited; capital investment receives either no return or a limited
return; economic benefits pass to the members on a substantially equal basis or on the basis of their
patronage of the association; members are not personally liable for obligations of the association in
the absence of a direct undertaking or authorization by them; death, bankruptcy, or withdrawal of
one or more members does not terminate the association; and [the] services of the association are
furnished primarily for the use of the members."2° Marijuana businesses, of any kind, do not
. normally meet this legal definition.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 5 All Rights Reserved
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� � Based on the foregoing, it�is cl.ear �liat vi�rf.ually al�marijuana dispensaries are na� Iegal enterpx-ises
� # under either federal o�state lau�. � ' ; ,
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{ �
� �A'WS Il���'�I�T�5'T`A'TES
i
� ` Besides California, at the�ime of publieation of this White Paper;thirteen other s�ates have enacted
'
, medica.l marijuana Iaws on�their books,whereby to some degree rnarijuana recornmended or :
prescribed by�a physician to a speci�ied patient may be legally possessed. These sta�es are Alaska, :
Co�orado;Hawaii,Maine,Ma��Iand,Michigan,lVlon�ana,l�evada,New 1Vlexico,(7regan,
` iZhode Island,Vermon�,and ivashz�gton. And,possession of marijuana under one ounce has now
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� been dec�im.inalized i:n Massachusetts.2i
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�T������TT; 3TJ�,�I.�.DISP��TS E�AI�D ��O�E�:�.'IVES
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Since the passage of the Compassionate�[.Tse Act of 1996,many storefront marijuana businesses ,
[ j � have opened in California.22 Sam�are refexred to,as dispensaries, and some as cooperatives;but it:is
how they:operate.t�iat remoues the�n f�om any umbrella of legal;proteetion. These facila.tzes operate
,
: as if they are pharmacxes. �ost offe�different types and grades of rnarijuana. Some offer baked
� . goods that contain marijuana.23 Monetary donations are callected from the patient or primary
� caregiver when maxi�uana or food rt`enls are received. The xtems are not technically sold:sinGe that
� would be a criminal violation of the statutes:?¢ These facilxties are able to aperate because they _.
apply for and receive business licenses from cities and counties. �
� � ; Federally,a11 existi Sg storefront marijuana bu�inesses are subject to �earch and:closure since they
v�olate federal-Iaw.�' Theix mere,existence violates federal law. :,Consequently,they:have no-righf to '
exist or operate,and arguab�y.:cfties and counties in California have no authoxity to:sanction i;hem.
� ` . '' � Similarly,in�ali.forrrnia there is no a�?parent autl�.ori�.y for the existence of tllese sto�efront marijuana . ,
, businesses. �he Medical Mari�uana Program Act of 2044 allows p�tients and prirra�ry cccl�egiver^s to
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g�ow and;cultivate m.arijuana,and rio one else.2� :Although California-Heai:th and Safe�ty Code :
' ` ; section 11362.775 offers some state le al zotection for tru:e collectives and eooperatives,no�aral�el
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protection:exists in the s�a�.ute for any storefront business providing any narcotic.� _
The common dictionaxy de�ni�ion of collectives is that they are o�ga.nizations jointly managed by: -
� those usulg its facilities or sexvices. Legally recognized cooperatives generally possess"�he
� ` � follo�w�ing':features: control and ov�nership of eaeh mernber.is.substantially ec�ual;rnembers are -
= limited to those who will avarl themselves of the sezvices furnisl?ed by the association; transfer of :
� ovUne�ship interests is prohibited or limited; capitc�l�z��vestnzent�eeei��es eithet�no YeticJ�n or�c� limitecl
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retzc��z; economic benefits pass to�he members on°a subs�antia�ly.equal basis or on the vasis of;their
patronage of the associati�n;members are not personaiiy liable for obligations of the asso:ciation in
j the absence of a direct undertaking or authorization by them; deafih,bankruptcy or witlidrawal of one .
f or more memb,ers does not terminate the association; and[the] sezvices of the asso,cia#ion are
` furnished primarily for the use of the members."27 Marijuana businesses,of any kind,do not meet
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this legal defnitzon. , ,- ,
Actual rnedical dispensaries are commonly c�efined as offices in hospitals,-schools,or other _
� institu�ions from which medicai supplies,prepara�ions, and treatmen�s are dispensed. Hospitals,
hospices,home health care agencie.s,and the�l�ke are specifically included in the code as.primary
� caregivers as long as they have"consistently assumed responsibility for the houszng,health, or `
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safety"of a patien�:28 Clearly,it is doubtful�hat an�of:the s�orefront marijuana businesses currently
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� existing in California can claim that status. Consequently,they are not primary caregivers
and are subject to prosecution under both California and federal laws.
^ HOW EXISTING DISPENSARIES OPERATE �
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`` Des ite their clear ille alit some cities do have existin and o erational dis ensaries. Assumin
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� a�guendo, that they may operate, it may be helpful to review the mechanics of the business. The
� former Green Cross dispensary in San Francisco illustrates how a typical marijuana dispensary
works.29
A guard or employee may check for medical marijuana cards or physician recommendations at the
entrance. Many types and grades of maxijuana are usually available. Although employees are
neither pharmacists nor doctors, sales clerks will probably make recommendations about what type
of marijuana wi11 best relieve a given medical symptom. Baked goods containing marijuana may be
available and sold, although there is usually no health permit to sell baked goods. The dispensary
will give the patient a fortn to sign declaring that the dispensary is their"primazy caregiver"(a
process fraught with legal difficulties). The patient then selects the marijuana desired and is told
what the"contribution"will be for the product. The California Health&Safety Code specifically
prohibits the sale of marijuana to a patient, so"contributions" are made to reimburse the dispensary
for its time and care in making"product"available. However, if a calculation is made based on the
; available evidence, it is clear that these"connibutions"can easily add up to millions of dollars per
' ear. That is a ve lar e cash flow for a"non- rofit"or anization den in an artici ation in the
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retail sale of narcotics. Before its application to renew its business license was denied by the City of
San Francisco,there were single days that Green Cross sold$45,000 worth of marijuana. On
Saturdays, Green Cross could sell maxijuana to forty-three patients an hour. The marijuana sold at
the dispensary was obtained from growers who brought it to the store in backpacks. A medium-
sized backpack wouid hold approximately $16,000 worth of marijuana. Green Cross used many
different marijuana growers.
It is clear that dispensaries are running as if they are businesses,not legally valid cooperatives.
Additionally,they claim to be the"primary caregivers"of patients. This is a spurious claim. As
discussed above, the term"primary caregiver"has a very specific meaning and defined legal
qualifications. A primary caregiver is an individual who has"consistentiy assumed responsibility
for the housing,health, or safety of a patient."3a The statutory definition includes some clinics,
health care facilities,residential care facilities, and hospices. If more than one patient designates the
same person as the primary caregiver, all individuals must reside in the same city or counry. In most
circumstances the primary caregiver must be at Ieast 18 years of age.
It is almost impossible for a storefront marijuana business to gain true primary caregiver status. A
business would have to prove that it"consistently had assumed responsibility for[a patient's]
housing, health, or safety."3� The key to being a primary caregiver is not simply that inarijuana is
provided for a patient's health: the responsibility for the patient's health musf be consistent.
As seen in the Green Cross example,a storefront marijuana business's relationship with a patient is
most likely transitory. In order to provide a qualified patient with marijuana,a storefront marijuana
business must create an instant"primary caregiver"relationship with him. The very fact that the
relationship is insfiant belies any consistency in their relationship and the requirement that housing,
health,or safety is consistently provided. Courts have found that a patient's act of signing a piece of
paper declaring that someone is a primary caregiver does not necessarily make that person one. The
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 7 All Rights Reserved
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� � cansistent�ela�ionship demanded by the statute is mere fiction if it can.be achieved between an
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� f i.ndividual and a business tha.t funct�ons like a na.rcotic retail store._ : _ �.
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Of great concern are the adverse secondaiy effects of.these d.ispensaries and storefront cooperatives.
T'hey are many. Besides flouting federallaw by selling a prohibited Schedule I,d�-u.g un:dex the
Controlled Substances Act,mari�uana dispensaries at�ract or cause numerous ancillary social
�
: , problems as byproducts of their operation. The most glaring of�hese are o�hex-crimi:llal acts.
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� Throughout CaliForni.a,many violent crimes have been coinmi�:ed that can be'traced-to the
prolifexation of marijuana dispensaries. These include a�.ned r-obberies and murders. For example,
as far ba.cl�as 2002;two home oecupants were shot i.n Wi.l.izts,California in the course of a home-
_
�nvasion robbery�argeting medical ma7rijuana.32 And,;a series offour.a�med robberies of a ,
� marijuana.dzspensa�y in Santa Barba�a, Califomia occur�ed through August 10,2006,in which thirty
dollars and fifteen baggies filled with marijuana an display were taken by force and:rernoved from
� the reznises in the latest hold:u . T`h.e owner said he failed ta re ort�.h '
p . p , p e fzrsY three robbeizes because:
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� . "medi.cal ma.rijuana is such a controve�sxal issue.'> 33
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�n February 25,2004,in Mendocino County two ma.�ked thugs com.mitted a home invasion robbery,_:
� to steal medical mari�juana. They held a knife to a 6�-year-old man's throat, and though he fought. �:
back,managed to get a�vay wzth large`a�nounts of mari�uana.�They were soon_caught;and one of the-�
men received a sen�ence of six years in:state prison.�� A.nd,on August 19,,.2005, 1�-yea�-old: .
Demarco Lawrey�vas:"shot in the stomach"and"bled to dea�h"during a gunfight with the business
own.er when.he.and his friends a�tempted a.take�ver robbery of a storefront marijuana business in the
City of 5an Leandro, California. The owner fought l�ack with.�he hooded home irivadexs,and a gun .
battle ensued. Demarco Lowery ujas hit b�gunfire and"dumped autsi.de the emergency.entrance of
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Chiildren's Hospital Oakland"after the shootouit.35. He did not su.rvive.36
�Iear Ha�ward,�alifornia, an Sep#embex 2,2005,upon leaving a marijuana dispensary,a patran of
the�CA Cannabis�lub had a gun put to his head as he vvas re�ieved of over$250 worth,of pot.
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: ' Three weeks later, ano�her break-in occuz�red'at the Garden of Eden Cannabis Club in Septembe�of ..
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, .t�.no�her known marijuana-dispensa�y-related murder occurred on Nove�.x►ber.19;2005.
AA.pproximately six gun-and bat-wielding burglars broke,into Les Crane's hame in Laytonville,
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' California vvhile yelling, "This is a raid:" Les�Crane,who owned two storefront marijuana
businesse38�uas at home and shot to death. He�eceived gunshot wounds to his head, a��n,and
abdomen. Another man present at fihe time was bea�:en with a bas.eball bat. The murderers left the
home after taking an unknown sum of U.S. cur�rency and a stash of processed marijuana.3� _
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Then, on Jarivary 9,2007,marijuana plant cultivator Rex Farrance was shot once in the chest and
1�i11ed�n his awn ho�ne after four masked intruders broke in and demanded.money. When t11e
horrreowner ran to fetch a�rearm,he was shot dead. The robb.ers escaped vaith a small amount of. :; r
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� cash and handguns. Investigating officers counted 109 marijuana plants in various phases of
� cultivation inside the house, along with two digital scales and jusfi under 4 pounds of cultivated
� marijuana.4o
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More recently in Colorado,Ken Gorman, a fonmer gubernatorial candidate and dispenser of
marijuana who had been previously robbed over iwelve times at his home in Denver, was found
murdered by gunshot inside his home. He was a prominent proponent of inedical marijuana and the
legalization of marijuana.al
B. BURGLARIES
In June of 2007, after two burglarizing youths in Bellflower,California were caught by the
� homeowner trying to steal the fruits of his indoor marijuana grow,he shot one who was running
faway,and killed him.42 And, again in January of 2007,Claremont Councilman Corey Calaycay
I went on record calling marijuana dispensaries"crime magnets"after a burglary occurred in one in
; Claremont,California.43
On July 17, 20Q6, the El Cenrito City Council voted to ban all such marijuana facilities. It did so
after reviewing a nineteen-page report that detailed a rise in crime near these storefront dispensaries
in other cities. The crimes included robberies, assaults,burglaries,murders, and attempted
murders.44 Even though marijuana storefront businesses do not currently exist in the City of
Monterey Park, California,it issued a moratorium on them after studying the issue in August of
2006.45 After allowing these establishments to operate within its borders, the City of West
Hollywood,California passed a similar moratorium. The moratorium was"prompted by incidents of
armed burgiary at some of the city's eight existing pot stores and complaints from neighbors about
increased pedestrian and vehicle traffic and noise . . , .'>46
C. TRAFFIC,NOISE,AND DRUG DEALING �
Increased noise and pedestrian traffic, including nonresidents in pursuit of marijuana, and out of area
criminals in search of prey,are commonly encountered just outside marijuana dispensaries,47 as well
as drug-related offenses in the vicinity—like resales of products just obtained inside—since these
marijuana centers xegularly attract marijuana growers, drug users, and drug traffickers.4g Sharing
just purchased marijuana outside dispensa.ries also regularly takes place.49
Rather than the"seriously ill,"for whom medical marijuana was expressiy intended,5°"'perfectly
healthy' young people frequenting dispensaries"are a much more common sight.51 Patient records
seized by law enforcement officers from dispensaries during raids in San Diego County, California
in Decembex of 2005 "showed that 72 percent of patients were between l.7 and 40 years old . . . ."5'
Said one admitted marijuana trafficker, "The people I deal with are the same faces I was dealing
with 12 years ago but now,because of Senate Bill 420, they are supposedly Iegit. I can totally see
why cops are bummed."s3
Reportedly, a security guard sold half a pound of marijuana to an undercover of�cer just outsidE a
dispensary in Morro Bay, California.54 And, the mere presence of marijuana dispensaries
encourages illegal growers to plant,cultivate, and transport ever more marijuana, in order to supply
and sell their crops to these storefront operators in the thriving medical marijuana dispensary market,
so that the national domestic marijuana yield has been estimated to be 35.8 billion dollars, of which
a 13.8 billion dollar share is California grown.55 It is a big business. And, although the operators of
some dispensaries will claim that they only accept monetary contributions for the products they
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 9 All Rights Reserved
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� dispense,and da not se�1 mari.juana, a:pat�on will not receive any rn.arijuana until an amourit of
money acceptable fa the dispensary has changed hands.
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F_ ; Increasi�n:gly,�epor�s have been surfacing about organized crime in�olvement in the o�vnershzp and
E : ;
, op�ration of xna�.juana dispensa.ries, including�Asian and other criminal stxeet.gangs and at least one
member of the Armen.ian Mafia.s� The dzspensaries or"pot clu.bs"are often used as�.fron�by
.
oxganized crime gangs to t�aff#�c in:drugs and launder.money. Qne such gang,whose.territory
�'� :.. : included San Francisco and t�akland, California reportedly ran a multi�million,dollax business:
operating i:en warehouses in which vas�amounts,of rnarijuana plants were grown.�7 Besides seizing -
� over 9,000 rnarijuan.a plants during surprise raids on this crixninal enterprise's storage facilities, ,
; federal officers also confiscated:tliree:�irearn1s,58 which�eem to:go hand in hand with medical�
�
� marijuana cultivation and dispensaries.�9 �
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f` Marijuana storefront businesses have all.owed criminals to flouri�sh in California. In the summer of
;
C 2007,f.he City;of:San Diego cooperated with fede�ai authorities and ser�ed search warrants on �
; severaX marijuana dispensar�locations. In addztion to marijuana;many.weapons were recovered, - .
� including a sfolen handgun and an 1V.t�l 6 assault rifle.6° The l�Tationai Drug Intel�igence Center
; reports that maxi.juana growe�s are employing arrned guards;using explosive booby traps,and
.
� murdering people to shield th�ir c�ops. ��lreet gangs of a�.l nationa�arigins:are,:involued;in �
; :
; transporting and distributing marijuana to meet the ever increasing demand foir:the dxug;61 Active
Asian gangs ha�re included members of Vietnamese organi.zed crime syndicates who have migrated: `:
from.Canada to buy homes throughout fhe Uxiited S�ates ta use as grouT houses:�2�
Some or all of fhe processed harvest af marijuana_plants nurtured in t�iese honaes t�.en wind up at
storefront marijuana dispensa�ies ourned and operated by these gangs.: Storefron�:mari�uana
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businesses are very dangerous enterprises that thrive on ancillary grow operations: .
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�3esides fue�ing mari�uana dispensaries,some monetary proceeds fram the sale of haarvested -
rilarijuana derived from p:lants grown inside houses are being used by organized crime syndicates to �
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fun.d othe�legitim�.te businesses for pxofit anc��he laundering of money,and to conduct illegal
� business.operations Iike prostitu.t�on, extortion, an:d drug traffickiiig.63: Money frorn residentza�grow
[ operations xs also sometimes tradec�.by:criminal gang members for�rearms, and used to buy di-ugs, -_ '
Fpersonal vehicles, and additional houses for more grow operations,64 and along with the illegal; :
,
E - income derived from large-scale organized crimeerelated marijuana production operatio�.s comes
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� widespread income tax evasion.6� _ :
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Ee P�ISOI�Il�IGS .
Another socia�problem sornewhat unique to inarijuana:dispensaries is paisonings,both inten�ional and
unultentional. Un Augus�16,20Q6, the Las Angeles Police D.epar�znen�received two such reports.
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:One involved a security guard who ate a pi.ece of cake extended to hiz��.fram an operato�of�a
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�narzjuana clinic as a"gift,"and soon afterward felt dizzy and disorien�ed.66 The second inciden�
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� concerned a UPS driver who experiericed siinilar syniptorns,after accepting and eatzng a cookie given :
to h�m by an operator of a different marijuana clinic.b� _ _ :
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� OTHER A.DVERSE SECONDA.RY IMPACTS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF
:I DISPENSARIES
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`; Other adverse secondaxy impacts from the operation of marijuana dispensaries include street dealers .
�' �urking about dispensaries to offer a lower price for marijuana to arriving patrons; marijuana smoking
in public and in front of children in the vicinity of dispensaries; loitering and nuisances; acquiring
; marijuana and/or money by means of robbery of patrons going to or Ieaving dispensaries; an increase
= in burglaries at or neax dispensaries; a loss of trade for other commercial businesses located near
i
i dispensaries; the sale at dispensaries of other illegal drugs besides marijuana; an increase in traffic
� accidents and drivi.ng under the influence arrests in wluch marijuana is implicated; and the failure of
marijuana dispensary operators to report robberies to police.68
SECONDARY ADVERSE IMPACTS IN THE C�MMUNITY AT LARGE
A. UNJUSTIFIED AND FICTITIOUS PHYSICIAN RECOMMENDATIONS
, California's legal requirement under California Health and Safety Code section 11362.5 that a
physician's recommendation is required for a patient or caregiver to possess medical marijuana has
resulted in other undesirable outcomes: wholesale issuance of recommendations by unscrupulous
physicians seeking a quick buck, and the proliferation of forged or fictitious physician
recommendations. Some doctors link up with a marijuana dispensary and take up temporary residence
' in a local hotel room where they advertise their appearance in advance, and pass out medical
marijuana use recommendations to a Iine of"patients"at"about$150 a pop."69 Other individuals just
make up their own phony doctor recommenda#ions,70 which are seldom, if ever, scrutuuzed by
dispensary employees for authenticity. Undercover DEA agents sporting fake medical�marijuana
recommendations were readily able to purchase marijuana from a clinic.�� Far too often,Californ�ia's
inedical marijuana law is used as a smokescreen for healthy pot users to get their desired drug, and for
proprietors of marijuana dispensaries to make money off them,without suffering any legal
repercussions."
On March 11,2009,the Osteopathic Medical Board of California adopted the proposed decision
revoking Dr.Alfonso Jimenez's Osteopathic Physician's and Surgeon's Certificate and ordering him
to pay$74,323.39 in cost recovery. Dr. Jimenez operated multipie marijuana clinics and advertised
his services extensively on the Internet. Based on information obtained froin raids�n marijuana
dispensaries in San Diego, in May of 2006, the San Diego Police Department ran two undercover
operations on Dr.Jimenez's clinic in San Diego. In January of 2007, a second undercover operation
was conducted by the Laguna Beach Police Department at Dr. Jimenez's clinic in Orange Couniy.
Based on the results of�he undercover operations,the Osteopathic Medical Board charged Dr.
3imenez with gross negligence and repeated negligent acts in the treatment of undercover operatives
posing as patients. After a six-day hearing, the Administrative Law Judge(ALJ)issued her decision �
finding that Dr. Jimenez violated the standard of care by committing gross negligence a.nd repeated
negligence in care,treatnient, and management of patients when he, among other things, issued
medical marijuana recommendations to the undercover agents without conducting adequate medical
examinations, failed to gain proper informed consent, and failed to consul�with any primary care
� and/or treating physicians or obtain and review prior medical records before issuzng medical
marijuana recommendations. The ALJ also found Dr. Jimenez engaged in dishonest behavior by
preparing false and/or misleading medical records and disseminating false and misleading
advertising to the public, including representing himself as a"Cannabis Specialist"and"Qualifed
Medical Marijuana Examiner"when no such formal specialty or qualification existed. Absent any
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� ; requested adrninistrative'ageney xeconsideration or petiticin for co�.rt xeview,`the decision was to`
� becorne effective April 24, 2009. -
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� I�xecent years the proliferation ofgrow houses in residential neighborhoods has exploded. This '
;
€ phenomenon<is country wzde, and ranges from the purchase for purpose of marijuana grow opexatzons
_.of small clwellings,to"hi:gh priced 1V�c1V.�ansians . . . ."73 Mushroom.ing residential marijuana grovv- `
ope�ations have been detectecl in California7C onnecticut;Fl.orida,Georgia,Ne�v Hamps��ire;Not•th e
_ �arolina;Qhio, �outh Garolina;an:d Texas. , In 2007:alone, such illega.l operations tivere detecfied and
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shut down by feder�.l and state Iaw.e�aforcemen�officials in 41 houses in California; S0 homes in' � �
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Florida,and 11 hames in New.Hampshire.75 Sinee then,the number of�eszdences diseovered to be so
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� impacted has incr�ased exponentially. Part of this.rec:ent influx of illicit xesidenti.al grow operations�is
; because the"TH�-rich`B.C.bud' stra�"of marijuana originaliy produced in Brifish Columbia"can
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� � be grown�only in controlled indoor envi�onrnents,"and the Canadian market is now reportedly '
saturated with the product of"competing Canadian gangs,"`aften 1�sian in composition.or"outlaw
motorcyele gangs like the.I�ells 1�ngels;76 Typically, a gutted�house can hold about 1,000 plants that
E will each yield almost half a pound of smol�able marijuana;this collectively nets about SOO pounds of
� :
usable marijuana per harvest,w�th an average of�hree to four h.arvests per year.77 With a street value
af$3,�00 to$S,�OO per paund"for high-potency marijuana,and such mul�iple harvests,"a successful �
»�s -
grotiv h.ouse can bring in between�4.5 miliion and.$1'0 n1i11ion a year:: . . . The h�gh potency of `-•
� � hydroponically grown marijuana can�ommand a price as much as six times higher�han commercial �� _
E �
F grade marijuana.7� , ; . -
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� �ri Humboldt�ounty, Californi.a, sf,ru.cture fires caused by unsafe ind.00r marijuana grow'operat�ons ;
f have.become cornrilonplace. The city of Arcata,whieh spoxt�four marijuana dispensaries;was:�he.site
of a house fire zn.,which a fan had fallen over and ignited a:fire; it had been tumed in�o a-grovv house -
by its tenant, Per 1�rcata Polxee Chief Randy 1Vlendosa, altered and Ynakeshift"no code" electrical
service connections and overloaded wi�es used to aperate high-�owered grow Iights and fans are�- '
common causes of the fires. Large indoor mariju.ana growing operations can create such excessive
` draws o�'electricity that PG&E power pole transforrners are commonly blown: An average 1,500-
, square-foot tract house used for gro�wing marijuana can generate monthl.y electrieal bills from�1,000
E to�3,000 per month. From an environmental standpoint,,fihe carbon footprin#:from greenhouse gas
,
�missions created by large indoor m.arijuana-grow opera�ions should be a major concern for every
co.mmunity in fenns of complying with Air Board AB-32 regulations,as well as other greenhouse gas-
, .
reduction policies. Typically,air vents are cut ixi.to roofs;watex seeps into carpeting,wzndours a.re
' blacl�ed out,holes are cu�in floors,wiririg is jury-�igged, and electirical circuits are overloaded to
, - ,
operate grotiv Iights and other ap�aratus. When fires start,they spread c�uickly. :
,
The May 31,2a0$.edition of.the Los Angeles,Tiines reported; "Law enforcement officials�estimate that
as many as 1,000 of the 7,540 homes in this�Hurnboldt Counl.y caznmunity are being used to cul�ivate
� marzjuana,slash�ng into the housing stoek,spreading building-safety:problems an�sowing
neighborhaod discord." Not surprisingly;in this bastion of Irberal pot possession z-u:les�hat authoxized
;
the cultivation of up �0 99 plants for me�icinal purpose,mos�strucl.ural fires in the communzty of �
Arcata have�been of late associate�.with ri�arijuana cultivation.�0 Chief ofPolice Mendosa clarified
that the actual number of m.arzjuana:grow houses zn Araata has been an ongoing szibject of public
debate. Mendosa added, "We lcnow theze are numerous grow houses in almosfi every neighborhood in
and around the city;which has been the source of constant ci�izen complaints." House fires caused by
O 2049 California Police Chiefs Assn. '!Z ARf Rights Reserved .
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grower-instalied makeshif�electrical wiring or tipped electrical fans are now endemic to Humboldt
County.g�
Chief Mendosa also observed that since marijuana has an illicit street value of up to $3,000 per pound,
marijuana grow houses have been susceptible to violent armed home invasion robberies. Large-scale
marijuana grow houses have removed significant numbers of affordable houses from the residential
rental market. When property owners discover their rentals are being used as grow houses,the
residences are often left with major structural damage,which includes air vents cut into roofs and
floors,water damage to floors and walls, and mold. The June 9,2008 edition of the New Yo�k Times
shows an unidentified Arcata man tending his indoor grow; the man claimed he can make $25,000
every three months by selling marijuana grown in the bedroom of his rented house.82 Claims of
� ostensible medical marijuana growing pursuant to California's medical manjuana laws are being
advanced as a mostly false shield in an attempt to justify such illicit operations.
Neither is fire an uncommon occurrence at grow houses elsewhere across the nation. Another
occurred not long ago in Holiday,Florida.83 To compound matters further, escape routes for
firefighters are often obstructed by blocked windows in grow houses,electric wiring is tampered with
to steal electricity, and some residences are even booby-trapped to discourage and repel unwanted
intruders.84
D. INCREASED �RGANIZED GANG ACTIVITIES
Along with marijuana dispensaries and the grow operations to support them come members of
organized crimi.nal gangs to operate and profit from them. Members of an ethnic Chinese drug gang
were discovered to have operated 50 indoor grow operations in the San Francisco Bay area,whiie
Cuban-American crime organizations have been found to be operating grow houses in Florida and
elsewhere in the South. A Vietnamese drug ring was caught operating 19 grow houses in Seattle and
Puget Sound, Washington.s5 In July of 2008, over 55 Asian gang lnembers were indicted fa�°narcotics
traf�'icking in marijuana and ecstasy, including members of the Hop Sing Gang#hat had been actively
operating marijuana grow operations in Elk Grove and elsewhere in the vicinity of Sacramento,
California.s6
E. EXP4SURE OF MINORS TO MARIJUANA
Minors who are exposed to marijuana at dispensaries or residences where marijuana plants are grov��n
may be subtiy influenced to regard it as a generally legal drug,and inclined to sample it. In grow
houses, children are exposed to dangerous fire and health conditions tha�t are inherent in indoor grow
operations.�7 Dispensaries also sell marijuana to minors.gg
F. IMPAIRED PUBLIC HEALTH
Indoor marijuana grow operations emit a skunk-like odor,89 and foster generally unhealthy conditions
like allowing chemicals and fertilizers to be placed in the open, an increased carbon dioxide level
within the grow house, and the aceumulation of mold, 90 all of which are dangerous to any children or
adults who may be living in the residence,91 although many grow houses are uninhabited.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. '13 All Rights Reserved
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� Wheri buszness suffers as a xesult of shoppers_staying away on accourit of:traffic,blight; crime;and the
;
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undesuavility of a paz-ticular business district-known to be frequented�by drug users and traf�c�ers;� �
� and organized criminal gang mernbers,'a city's tax revenues necessariiy drop as a dizect consequence:
� _
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' . . .. . . . ��e."�.JtJ�:1+1i1.��.1L$�A:l�.J'..--�,CJ,L�.8J�:8:��.L���"��.k'���HlY.�B.�-.d=.i�R:/LY.8�89:CS�RA.,\�-1[a.•���DLp pi���YJ���9� .. .��:• ..� ,
-. . . . . 31�����CJ��1:`J1fN�.�11���������JLLR� �� . -. .. . . . . . . " . ... .' '� .
� � � Marijuana dispensaries bring in the criminal clement:and�oitexers,which iri turn scare off potential .
; business patxon.s of nearby le�itimate bu.siness:es,cau.sing Ioss of r.�Venues:and detexioratian of-the
affected business dist-rict. Lil�ewi�se, ern.pty horn.es used as �raw:houses emi�noxious odors in �
; � re�rdential nexghborhoods;project irri�a�ing sounds of wl�irring fans,s2 and promote the din-of vehicle�
; co�xung and going a.t all hours af the day and night. :1�Tear.harvest time,�riva�grower.s and other
� ` un�nvited enterprising criminals sometimes invade grow hou�es to beat"clip crews"to th�site and rip
� off mature pJ.ants ready for hazvesting. As a result,violence often erupts from confrontations in the
affected residential neighborhood.s3
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� �JI1TI�.T���NCI1[7S���S�� II�TG��I2��S��Q1�D��EF��CZ'� .
I "
� On balance, any utility to medical marijuana patients in care givulg and convenience that=marijuana- �
,
dzspensaries may appea�ta have on.�he�surface.is enoxmously outwei:ghed by a much darlcer reality
: that zs punctuated by the.many adverse secondary effec�s createci by their presenc�.i�eominunities; -
- :recounted here. These d�-ug distribution.centers have even proven to be unsafe for thei�own
"proprietor�.. : . . : : �
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P�SS��I.E I�O�.AL G���I�tI�I�I�IT�1L�S��I�T��S'I'O 1�I�IJLT�.A I�I�PE�S��S -:�
. (d$ 1�� ��'{� p [� ��f Q��({ �{.�pe.fl� �I[��.- �fj�� �j� T� . �_.
�. L 31D..:�lTH�.��AJ����Il��1.0�.JL ���LJ V��18J 8J V��3L�:.'1�Y�..Y.�n. � . �.lLJ���L r� � � . ..
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While i�.the process of investigating an:d researching the issue of Iicensing marijuana dispensaries,as
an interim measure city councils may enact date=speczfi.c rnoratoria that expressly pxohibit the presence
of marijuana dispensaries,whether fox rnedical use or otherwise,`andprohibitiYlg the sale of rriarijuana
in any form.on such�arerruses,anywhere within the incorpoi-ated:boundaries of the ciiy untii a ,
specified date. Before such a moxatorium's date of expi�-ation,the moratorium.may then ei�her be F
extended�ar a city ordin:ance enacted completeiy prohibiting;or othe�-wise restrictzng the establishmei����
and operation af rnarijuana dispensaries; and the sale of all marijuana products on such premises. � .
County;supervisors can do the same with respect to manijua:ria dzspensa.ri�s sought to b�established �
within the.unincorporated areas of a county. 1-�pproximately 80 California cities,inc�.uding the cities
' of Antioch,Brentwood, OalEley,Pinole, and Pleasant Hiil, and 6 caunties,inc�uding:C�ntra Costa .
� County;have enacte�.moratoria banning the existence of n�arijuana�dispensaries. In a novel approach;
�.he Gzty of A�cata.�ssued a�noratorium on any nevv dispensaries in tlie downtown area,:based on no
agricultu3ral activities being pe��nitted to occur there.94 ,
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0 20Q9 California Police Chiefs Assn. 14 All Rights Reserved
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� B. IMPOSED BANS BY ELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL �FFICIALS
�
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i While the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 permits seriously ill persons to legally obtain and use
� marijuana for medical purposes upon a physician's recommendation,it is silent on marijuana
,
� dispensaries and does not expressly authorize the sale of rnariauana to patients or primary caregivers.
�
_
3 Neither Proposition 215 nor Senate Bi11420 specifically authorizes the dispensing of marijuana in any
j form from a storefront business. And,no state statute presently exists that expressly pernuts the
� Iicensing or operation of marijuana dispensaries.95 Consequently, approximately 39 California cities,
inciuding the Cities of Concord and San Pablo,and 2 counties have prohibited marijuana dispensaries
within their respective geographical boundaries,while approximately 24 cities, including the City of
Martinez,and 7 counties have allowed such dispensaries to do business within their jurisdictions.
Even the complete prohibition of marijuana dispensaries within a given locale cannot be found to run
afoul of current California law with respect to permitted use of marijuana for medicinal purposes, so
long as the growing or use of inedical marijuana by a city or county resident in conformance with state
law is not proscribed.96
In November of 2004,the City of Brampton in Ontario, Canada passed The Grow House Abatement
By-law,which authorized the city council to appoint inspectors and local police officers to inspect
suspected grow houses and render safe hydro meters,unsafe wiring,booby traps,and any violation of
! the Fixe Code or Building Code, and remove discovered controlled substances and ancillary equipment
; designed to grow and manufacture such substances,at the involved homeowner's cost.97 And, after
state legislators became appalled at the proliferation of for-profit residential grow operations, the State
of Florida passed the Marijuana Grow House Eradication act(House Bi11 173)in June of 2008. The
� governor signed this bill into law,making owning a house for the purpose of cultivating,packaging,
anti distributing marijuana a third-degree felony; growing 25 or more marijuana plants a second-
degree feiony; and growing "25 or more marijuana plants in a hoine with chzldren present"a first-
degree felony.98 It has been estimated that approximately 17,500 marijuana grow operations were
active in late 2007.99 To avoid becoming a dumping ground for organized crime syndicates who
decide to move their illegal grow operations to a more receptive legislative environment, California
and other states might be wise to quickly follow suit with similar bills, for it may already be
happening.�o0
C. IMPOSED RESTRICTED ZONING AND OTHER REGULATION BY ELECTED
LOCAL G�VERNMENTAL OTFICIALS
if so inclined,rather than completely prohibit marijuana dispensaries,through their zoning power city
and county off cials have the authority to restrict owner operators to locate and operate so-ca�led
"medical marijuana dispensaries"in prescribed geographical areas of a city or designated
unincozporated areas of a county,and require them to meet prescribed licensing requirements before
being allowed to do so. This is a risky course of action though for would-be dispensary operators,and
perhaps lawmakers too, since federal authorities do not recognize any lawful right for the sale,
purchase, or use of marijuana for medical use or otherwise anywhere in the United States, including
California. Other cities and counties have included as a condition of licensure for dispensaries that the
operator shall "violate no federal or state Iaw,"which puts any applicant in a"Catch-22"situafiion
since to federal authorities any possession or sale of marijuana is automatically a violation of federal
law.
Still other municipalities have recently enacted or revised comprehensive ordinances that address a
variety of inedical marijuana issues. For example, according to the City of Arcata Colnmunity
O 2009 Cafifornia Police Chiefs Assn. 15 All Rights Reserved
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� � _ Development D►epartment in Arcata, Caiifornia,in.response to constant citizen carnpJ.ain�s froxn.wha�
$
( ; had become an extremely serious communi�y problem,fhe.l�rcata City�ouncil revised its Land Use'
� ; 'Standards-for Medical Mari�uana�ultivation�and Dispensing. In December of 200�; City of Arcata
� � Urdinance#13�2 was enacted. I�includes the followzng provisions:
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: 2. Cooperatives or Collectives
: 1�Ie�.�ca�I�arIl�u�na:��r�erso�a� �Js�:.An individual qualifzed patient shall:be allowed to cult�vate`
; : medical marijuana within hisiher private resid.ence in confornaance with the following standards: ,
� � 1. Cultivation`area shali not exceed 50'sc�uare feet�nd'not exceed ten feet(1U'l in hei�ht:
� , ; : .
� a. Cultivation.lighting sha�1 not exceed 1200 vvatts; =
j b. �a� products {C�2, butane, etc.}`fox medical marijuana cultivation or processing i.s
; : :
� prohibited.
,
_
j c. Cultzvation and sale is prahibited as a Hame �accupa�ion {sale or disperising is �
� prohibited). _ .
�, d. Qualified pa�ent sha11 reside�n the res�dence where the medical marijuana cultivation
,
� � occurs; : _
� ' ` � e. Quali�e.d patient shall not:participate ir� medical m.arijuana cultiva�ion zn any other">
I _ residence. �' � . �
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f. Residence kitchen, bathro�ms, and prxmary:bedraoms shall not be::used prirnarily for`�
� : ' . ;>. .. medical_'marijuana eultiva.tzon;� , :
- g. � Cult�vation area shall comply with the California Building Cod� § 1203.4 Natural � .
�` Ven�ilation o�§ 402:3 l�lechanical ventilation.
� _; " . : .
� . h. The medical-marijuana cultiva�ion area shall not adversely affect the health or safe�.y =
' - of the n.earby resxdents. .
:2. City Zoning Adm.inistrator;my approve up to 100 square�oo�: � -
� a. ; Documentation showzng why the 50 ';sc�uare foo� cultivatiori area standard is not �
,.
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` feasible; _; ._ : .:
b. Include written permisszon frorn the property;owrier. ' ` `
c; : �ity'Buildrng Ufficxal must inspect fo�Califarnia Buiiding Code and'F�e�ode.
d: At a minimum, the medical mai-ijuana cultiva�ian area shall be const�-ucted wi�h a 1-
hou�f rewall assembly of green board. -
e. Cultiva�ion of inedical marijuana for persona�use is limited to detached single family
- resxdential proper�ies, or the medical-�marijuana cultivation area. shali be lixnited to a
� . _ �. ,, garage or.s�If-contained outside accessory vuilding that is secu.red, locked, and fully T
t J : � enclosed. ' ;
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� , 1�edic�l Il��.ri3��na ��operative� or �o�le�trve�. '
� 1. � Allowed with a Condi�ional Use Permit.
� 2. ; In Com�nercial,Industrial, and Public Faciiity Zaning Districts.
� _ .
� 3. �Business fo�rxn must be a cooperatiVe or collective.
! 4.; Existing cooperative or collective shal�be in full compliance�c�vithin one year:
5. Total number of inedzcal marijuana caop�ratives or colleetives is limited to �four and
ultima#e1y two. ; , .
b. Special eonsideration if located within - :
a.
.;A 3QQ foo�radius from any existing,residentiai zoning district, ' `
b. Within 540 feet of any:other medxcal marijuana cooperative or collective.
0 2�09 Cafifarnia Pofice Chiefs Assn. 16 All Righfs Reserved
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� c. Within 500 feet from any existing public park,playground, day care,or school.
; 7. Source of inedical marijuana.
� a. Permitted Cooperative or Collective. On-site medical marijuana cultivation shall not
= exceed twenty-�ve (25) pexcent of the total floor area, but in no case greater than
� 1,500 square feet and not exceed ten feet(10') in height.
� b. Off-site Permitted Cultivation. Use Permit application and be updated annually.
c. Qualifed Patients. Medical marijuana acquired from an individual qualified patient
shall received no monetary remittance, and the qualified patient is a member of the
medical marijuana cooperative or collective. Collective or cooperative may credit its
members for medical marijuana provided to the collective or cooperative, which they
may allocate to other members.
8. Operations Manual at a minimum include the following information:
a. Staff screening process including appropriate background checks.
b. Operating hours.
c. Site, floor plan of the facility.
d. Security measures Iocated on the premises, including but not limited to, lighting,
alarins,and automatic law enforcement notification.
e. Screening,registration and valzdation process for qualified patients.
, f. Qualified patient records acquisition and retention procedures.
� g. Process for tracking medical marijuana quantities and inventory controls including
on-site cuitivation, processing, and/or medical marijuana products received from
outside sources.
h. Measures taken to minimize or offset energy use from the cultivation or processing of
medical marijuana.
i. Chemicals stored, used and any effluent discharged into the City's wastewater and/or
storm water system.
9. Operating Standards.
a. No dispensing medical marijuana more than twice a day.
b. Dispense to an individual qualified patient who has a valid, verified physician's
reeommendation. The medical marijuana cooperative or collective shall verify that
the physician's recommendation is current and valid.
c. Display the client rules and/or regulations at each building entrance.
d. Smoking, ingesting or consuming medical marijuana on the premises or in the
vicinity is prohibited.
e. Persons under the age of eighteen(18) ai-e precluded from entering the premises.
f. No on-site display of marijuana plants.
g. No distribution of live plants, starts and clones on through Use Permit.
h. Permit the on-site display or sale of maz-ijuana paraphernalia only tl�u-ough the Use
Pe�nit.
i. Maintain all necessary permi.ts, and pay all appropriate taxes. Medical Ynarijuana
cooperatives or collectives shall also provide invoices to vendors to ensure vendor's
tax liability responsibility;
j. Submit an "Annual Performance Review Report" which is intended to identify
effectiveness of the approved Use Permit, Operations Manual, and Conditions of
Approval, as weil as the identification and implementation of additional procedures as
deemed necessary.
k. Monitoring review fees shall accompany the "Annual Performance Review Report"
for costs associated with the review and approval of the report.
10. Permit Revocation or Modifcation. A use permit may be revoked or modified for non-
compliance with one or more of the items described above."
O 2009 Cafifornia Police Chiefs Assn. '17 All Rights Reserved
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� Wi�h x°espect to issuing business-license�to marijuana storefront:facilities a very real i�sue has `
� ; , ,
� � arisen: counties and cities are arguab�ly aiding and abettzng criminal.violations of federal law. 'Sueh
}
� actzon.s clear�.y put:the counties pezmitting tb:ese establ.ishments in vezy precarious legal pasitions:
; Aiding and,abetting a crime occu�s when someone colnmzts.a crirne,the person.aiding that`crirne
�
knew�he;criminal-offender intended to:comrnit i:he crime, and the person aiding the c�ime intended
, :
to assist the criminal offender in�he cammission oF the crime. :
. ,
: The.legal definition of aidzng and a�betting cauld be.applxed to counties and cit�es.allowing marijuana
,
;
faci�ities to open. A.county that has beeri infoxmed about the Gonzc�les v:Raich decision kno�s that
j _ alI ri�.ariju.a.na activity is federally zilegal. Fur�he"rm.ore; such counties knaw fhat�ndividuals:involved �
�� irn the mari.juana business are subject to federa�prosecution. �Vh:en�an indi�idual in California
� cul.tivates,possesses,transpa�°ts,or uses znarijuana,he or she is committing a fec�eral cr�rne.
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� : A county issuing a business license�o a m�rijua�aa:faci:li.ty knows�hat the peop�e�here are
` committing federal crimes. The county also knows tha�those involved,in providzng and obtaining
�narijuana are intentxonally violating federal law. -
� � � _
� This.very problem is why sorne counties are re�thinking�he presence of marijuana facilities in thei�
: communi:�ies. There is a�a1id fea�,of bezng>pro�ecuted��for aidzng and abe.tting:federal�drug crzmes.
` P��sently,t�a coun�ies have expr�ssed concem that�alifornia's:medical marijuana statu.tes have `
placed them in such a precarious Iegal positian. Because of the serious criminai.ramifications
:involved in issuin�business permits and allowing storefront nlarijuana.businesses to operate withi.n
their borders, �an�iego;and San Bernardino Counties filed consolidated lawsuzts;against the state
seeking to prev�nt�he State of California frorn enforcing its medica�mariJuana statutes which -
potentially subject them to criminal�iability,and squarely assertzng that Califomia medica.l :
maxijuana laws are,preem.pted by federal lavcr in this area. �After Ca�ifornia's rrmedical rriarijua�ia.laws
" were a11 uphelci at�he tria.I level,California's Fou3rth I�istrict Cour�of Appeal founa.:�hat�lae State of
Calzfoz7ua could mandate counties to adopt and enforce a valuntary;medical marijuana identification
card system., ancl�he appellate couxrt bypassed the preemption issue by finding that San Diego and
San Bernardxno �ounties Iacked standing to razse this challenge to California's medical marijua.na �
_ la.ws,: �ollowing this state appellate courf decision, independent�etii�zons for review filed by the two
counti.es.were b.oth denied by the California Supreme Court: �
� Lax eI because of the uan�a �hat coun and ci
� g y q ry ty ty peace;afficexs in California face in#he field
� �vl�en canfronted with alleged medical�na.rijuana wi�h respect to'enforcement of the total federal
j crinlinal prol�ibition of a11 mari3u:ana,and state exen��tion from crizninal penalties for medical
� marijuana users and caregivers,peti�ions for a writ of certiorari were:then separately;filed by the two
� counties seeking revievv of fihis decision;by the United States Supreme Court in the consolidated
� . cases of Coz�nty of Sc�n.Diego, Coicnty of S`ar�BeYnzzrc�ino, c�nc��a�y Pef7��ocl, c�s;S`he��i,f'f of the Cozlnty
ofS`�n Bernardino v: Sc�n�Diego No�n2l, State of Califot�nzc�, c�nd.S`c�nc��°c�;Shew��y; Directof�'of t12e
�'c�liforniez D."epartn2ent:o.f'Health Sej-vices in heY offici�l cc�pczcity; Ct:App. Case No,D-5-333.} The
:
High Court has requested the State of Californxa and.other interesteel pa�-ties �o file;responsive briefs .
to the two counties' and Sheriff Penrod's writ pe�itions before it decides vt�lzether to grant or deny
xeview of these consolidated cases. The pet�tianers wou�d then be entitl�d to file a reply to any:filed
resp.onse.: rt is anticYpated that the U.S. Suprezne Court vawill formally grant or deny review of these
I � eonsolidated cases`in late Aprii or�arly 1V�tay of 200�9. _ :
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� In another case, City of Ga�den Grove v. SupeYior Court(2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 355, although the
federal preemption issue was not squarely raised or addressed in its decision,California's Foui-th
District Court of Appeal found that public policy considerations allowed a city standing to challenge
a sta.te trial court's order directing the return by a city police department of seized medical marijuana
to a person determined to be a patient. After the court-ordered return of this federally banned
substance was upheld at the intermediate appellate 1eve1,and not accepted for review by the
California Supreme Court, a petition for a writ of certioraxi was filed by the City of Garden Grove to
the U.S. Supreme Court to consider and reverse the state appellate court decision. But,that petition
was also denied. However,the case of People v. Kelly(2008} 163 Ca1.App.4th 124—in which a
successful challenge was made to California's Medical Marijuana Program's maximum amounts of
marijuana and marijuana plants permitted to be possessed by medical mariJuana patients (Cal.H&S
; Code sec. 11362.77 et seq.),which limits were found at the court of appeal level to be without legal
' authority for the state to impose—has been accepted for review by the California Supreme Court on
' the issue of whether this Iaw was an improper amendment to Proposition 215's Compassionate Use
Act of 1996.
A SAMPLING OF EXPERIENCES WITH MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES
1. MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES-THE SAN DIEG� STORY
After the passage of Proposition 215 in 1996, law enforcernent agency representatives in San Diego,
California met many times to formulate a comprehensive strategy of how to deal with cases that may
arise out of the new law. In the end it was decided to handle the matters on a case-by-case basis. In
addition,questionnaires were developed for patient,caregiver, and physician interviews. At times
patients without sales indicia but large grows were interviewed and their medical records reviewed
in making issuing decisions. In othex cases where sales indicia and amounts supported a finding of
sales the cases were pursued. At most,two cases a month were brought for felony prosecution.
In 2003, San Diego County's newly elected District Attorney publicly supported Prop. 215 and
wanted her newly created Narcotics Division to design procedures to ensure patients were not caught
up in case prosecutions. As many already know,law enforcement officers rarely anrest or seek
prosecution of a patient who merely possesses personal use amounts. Rather, it is those who have
sales amounts in product or cultivation who are prosecuted. For the next i-vvo years the District
Attorney's Office proceeded as it had before. But, on the cases where the patient had too many
plants or product but not much else to show sales—the DDAs assigned to review the case would
interview and listen to input to respect the patient's and the DA's position. Some cases were
rejected and others issued but the case disposition was often generous and reflected a"sin no more"
view.
All of this changed after the passage of SB 420. The activists and pro-marijuana folks started to
push the envelope. Dispensaries began to open for business and physicians started to advertise their
availability to issue recommendations for the purchase of inedical marijuana.. By spring of 2005 the
first couple of dispensaries opened up but they were discrete. This would soon change. By that
summer, 7 to 10 dispensaries were open for business,and they were selling inarijuana openly. In
fact,the local police department was doing a small buy/walk project and one of its target dealers said
he was out of pot but would go get some from the dispensazy to sell to the undercover officer(UC};
he did. It was the proliferation of dispensaries and ancillary crimes that prompted the San Diego
Police Chief(the Chief was a Prop. 215 supporter who sparred with the Fresno DEA in his prior job
over this issue) to authorize his o�ficers to assist DEA.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 19 Ali Rights Reserved
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San Diego DEA and its Iocal task,force{NTF} sough�assistance�rom the DA's(Office a:s well as the �
U.S.A�orney's OfFice. ''Though em.pathetic about being�willing;to assist,,the DA's Office was not
sure how prosecufions would far�u.nder the provisions of SB 42a.: The U:S.At�orney had the easier :"
; ' road but was noncomxni.ttal.l�fter several meetings it was decided tha�law enforcemen�would vvork
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an using undercover operatives(L7Cs}�o buy, so law enfarcemerit could see exactly what was
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happenin:g in the dispensaries. .
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The investigation was ini.tiated in I�ecember of 2005,:a�ter NTF:received numerous cifizen :`
t � complaints xega.rd�ng the crime and traffic'assaciated with"medical marijuana dispensaries." The � :
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City,of San]�iego also savv an inc�ease�n crime related.to the rtiarijuana dispensaries. �y then --
� � approxzmately 2Q marijuana dispensaries_had opened and.were operating in San Diego Count�y,'and `
investiga�zons on 15 of these dispensarzes were:initia�ed: _
During the investigation,NTF Ieamed that all of.the business owners�vere:involVed in the
�ranspor-tation�and distributiom of large quantitzes o�`marijuana;m.a�.juana derivatives, and.marijuana
food pxod�cts. In addition,several;owners were involved in the�ultivation of high g�ade'rnarijuana.
The business owiaers were making significant profits from the sale of these p��-oducts and not '
� � proper�y reporting this income.
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�Jndercover T'ask Force affZcers{TFO's) and SDl'D Detecfives were u:tilized�o purchase Inarijuana� �'
and marijuana food produc�s froln these;businesses. In December of 2a05,thi.�teen state`seareh -: -
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•warrants were execut�d at busi�nesse�and residences of several owners. Two additioxial follow-up � �
search:wanrants-and;a consent sea�eh were executed the same day. Approx�nately 977 marijuana -
plants frona seven zndoor marijuana.graws; 564.88 ki�:ograms of marijuana a,nd marijuaiza food ��
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'products,o�.e gun,a�.d oVer.$58,0{30 TJ:�.cunrency were sei.�ed: There were six arrests macle during
the executi�n of.these search warrants for various violations,including outstanding wan:ants, `: _
, ;; possession of marijuana for-sale,possessi.on of psilacyb�n xrtushrooms,obstruc�ing a poliee officer; �` - �
and weapons violations. However,the own�rs and cle�ks were not arrested or prosecuted'at this�
time.:just those who showed up with weapons ox product to sel1. . � - � -
' Given tlie fact xnost owners could ciaim mistake of iaw as to selling{though not a legitimate defense,
:i�could be.a ju:ry nulli�cation defense)the DA's�ffice deczded not to file cases at that time. It was
% �oped that the dispensaries would:feel San�7iego was hostile.g�ound arn.d they would-do busine�s :
. `. , elsetivhere.: .Urifartuna�eiy this was.not the case. �ver�he next few months seven of the prevzously -
� targetecl dispensaries opened,as we11 as a slew of othears. Clearly prosecutions would be necessazy. :
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�� To gear up for-the re-opened and new dispensaries.prosecutors reviewed the evidence and sought a
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second round of UC buys wherein the UC would be buy�ng for themselves and they would'have a :
second UC present at the time:ac#�ng as UC1's caregiver who also wou�d buy. This was designed to
show the d�spensary was no�the caregiver.There is no:authority;xn the law for organizations to act �
; as primary caregive�rs. Caregiveirs must be indzviduals who care for a maxijuana patient. A primazy ,
caregiver xs defined b�Proposition 215„as cadified in H&S Code section 11362:5{e}, as;"For the
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purposes of thzs section, 'primary careg�ver'means the individual.designated by the peirson exeinpted�'
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unde�this section who has consistently assumed responsibzlzty forzthe;hoL�sing,health,or safety of :
! �hat pe�son." The goal was to;show that the stores were only selling marijuana,and not provrd�ng
care fox the hundreds who bought from them. „_
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; In addition to the caregiver-controlled buys,another aim was to put the whole matter zn perspective
� for the media and the public by going over the data that was found in the raided dispensary records,
� as well as the crime statistics. An analysis of the December 2005 dispensary records showed a
s breakdown of the orted illness and outhful nature of the atients. The charts and other PR
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� aspects played out after the second take down in July of 2006.
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' The final attack was to reveal the doctors(the gatelceepers for medical marijuana) for the fraud they
were committing. UCs from the local PD went in and taped the encounters to show that the pot docs
did not examine the patients and did not render care at all;rather they merely sold a rnedical MJ
recommendation whose duration depended upon the axnount of money paid.
In April of 2006,two state and#wo federal search warrants were executed at a residence and storage
warehouse utilized#o cultivate marijuana. Approximately 347 rnarijuana plants,over 21 kilograms
o f marijuana,and$2,8 5 5 U.S. currency were s eized.
Due to the pressure from the public,the United States Attorney's Of�ce agreed to prosecute the
owners of the businesses with large indoor marijuana grows and believed to be involved in money
laundering activities. The District Attorney's Office agreed to prosecute the owners in the other
investigations.
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In June of 2006,a Federal Grand Jury indicted six owners for violations of Title 21 USC,sections
846 and 841{a}(1), Conspiracy to Dis#ribute Marijuana; sections 846 and 841(a),Conspiracy to
Manufacture Marijuana; and Title 18 USC, Section 2,Aiding and Abetting.
In July of 2�06, 11 sta.te and 1 l. federal search warrants were executed at businesses and residences
associated with members of these businesses. The execution of these search warrants resulted in the
arrest of 19 people, seizure of over$190,000 in U.S. currency and other assets,four handguns,one
rifle,405 marijuana plants from seven grows,and over 329 kilograms of marijuana and marijuana
food products.
Following the search warrants, two businesses reopened. An additional search warrant and consent
search were executed at these respective Iocations. Approximately 20 kilograms of marijuana and
32 marijuana plants were seized.
As a result, aIl but two of the individuals arrested on state charges have p�ed guilty. Several have
already been sentenced and a few are still awaiting sentencing. A11 of the individuais indicted
federally have aiso pled guilty and are awaiting sentencing.
After the July 2006 search warrants a joint press conference was held with the U.S. Attorney and
District Attorney, during which copies of a complaint to the medical board,photos of the food
products which were marketed to children,and the chaz-ts shown below were provided to the media.
Directly after these several combined actions,there were no marijuana distribution businesses
operating in San Diego County. Law enforcemen�agencies in the San Diego region have been able
to successfully dismantle these businesses and prosecute i:he owners. As a result,medical marijuana
advocates have staged a number of protests demanding DEA allow the distribution of marijuana.
The closure of these businesses has reduced crime in the surrounding areas.
O 2009 CaEifornia Police Chiefs Assn. 21 All Rights Reserved
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� 'The execution of search warrants at these businesses sent a powerful message �o other ind:ividuals
; operating marijuana distribution busine�ses tha.t :they a.re in viola�ion `of bath federal law"a�cl
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Surgiary Threat Robbery Robbery� : _ .
� I�.for�a�io� �ho�v�r� ��e c�is ens�.��es a�tr�.�t�d�r�xneo . _
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The marijuana dispensaries were targets of vzolent crim.es because of the aniount of marijuana,
currency,and other con.traband s�ored inside�he businesses. Fxom.January l,ZOOS through June 23;
2006,24 violent crimes:were reported a�marijuana dispensaries. An analysis of�inancial xecords �
,
seized from the marijuana dispensaries showed several di.spensaries�?vere grossi.ng over.$.300,00.0,per_.
,:
:month from selling marijuana and inari�uana food,products: The majority of custamers purchased _
marijuana with cash. ,
�rime stafistics inadequateJ.y�reflect the actual num.ber of crimes.,committed at the mari�ualla
dispensaries. These.businesses were.often.victims of robberies and;burglaries,but did nof report the
criines to Iaw enforcernent on account of fear of being arrested for possession�of marijuana in excess
, of Prop. 215 guide��nes. NT�`and the San Dxego'Police.Depar�ment.{SDPD}r�ceiVed numerous'
� citizen comp�aints regarding every dispensary opera.ting in San Diego County.
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:_ :
B�cause the_complaints were receiv�d by various individuaIs, �he exact number of camplaints was
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� not recorded. The following were typical coinpiaints received: _
� ; .
� high levels of iraffic going to and froln the dispensaries '
,
� • people Ioitering X.n the parki�.g�ot of the dispensaries
� � people smoking 7narijuaria zn the parking lot of the dispensaries
�2�09 California Police Chiefs Assn. 22 AII Rights Reserved _ -
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• vandalism near dispensaries
� • threats made by dispensary employees to employees of other businesses
i
� • citizens womed they may become a victim of crime because of their proximity to
� dispensaries
In addition,the following observations (from citizen activists assisting in data gathering}were made
about the marijuana dispensaries:
• Identification was not requested for individuals who looked under age 18
• Entrance to business was not refused because of lack of identification
• Individuals were observed loitering in the parking lots �
� Child-oriented businesses and recreational areas were situated nearby
• Some businesses made no at�empt to verify a submitted physician's recommendation
Dispensary Patients By Age
Ages 71-75,4,0%
Ages 66-70,19,9°/ Ages 76-80,0,0%
Ages 61-65,47,2°/ Ages 89-85,0,0%
Ages 56-60,89,3°/ No Age listed,118,4%
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Ages 51-55,173,6° Ages 17-20,3&4,12%
Ages 46-50,210,7%
Ages 41-45,175,6°/
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�.�.;.
Ages 36-40,270,9° Ages 21-25,719,23%
Ages 31-35,302, 10%
Ages 26-30,504, 17%
An analysis of patient records seized during search warrants at several dispensaries show that 52%
of the customers purchasing marijuana were between the ages of 17 to 30. 63%of primary
caregivers purchasing inarijuana were bet,ween the ages of 18 through 30. Only 2.05%of custoiners
submitted a physician's recommendation for AIDS,glaucoma, or cancer.
Why these businesses were deemed to be criminal--not compassionate:
The medical marijuana businesses were deemed to be criminal enterprises for the following reasons:
• Many of the business owners had histories of drug and violence-related arrests.
• The business owners were sfireet-level marijuana dealers who took advantage of Prop.215 in
an atteinpt to legitimize marijuana sales for profit.
� Records, or lack of records, seized during the search warrants showed that all the owners
were not properly reporting income generated from the sales of marijuana. Many owners
were involved in inoney laundering and tax evasion.
• The businesses were selling to individuals without serious medical conditions.
� There are no guidelines on the amount of marijuana which can be sold to an individual. For
�2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 23 All Rights Reserved
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� example,an individual with a;physician's xecomrnendation can go to as many marijuana
�, . .
distribution businesses and purchase as much rnarijuana as he%she wants.
� � California law allows an individual to possess 6 mal.ure or 12 immature plants per quaiif ed
�
�: person. Hov�Tever,the San Diego Munieipal Code states a"caregiver" can on].y-provide caxe :
� to 4 people,in.cluding themsel�es;this�t-anslates to 24.mature;or 4�.immature plants fiotal::
i Many of these.dispe�saries are operating large marijuana grows with.far mare pla:nfis than :
� allowed under law. Several of the dispensaries had indoor inarijuana grows inside the �
i�usinesses,with mature and/or immature marijuan�.plants over the limits. :
_ • State Iaw aliows a qualified patient ox priznary caregiver to possess no mare�han eigh� ,
� o�.nces of diried marijuana per qualified patxent. Hawever,the San Diega Municipal Code
E ` allows prixnary caregive�s to possess no rr�ore than two pounds of pracessed:marijuana.�
� � � Urider.either�aw, almos�.evexy xnarijuana dispen�a�-y had over two pounds af processed - :
� : marijuana during the execution.:of th�search�var�-ants.
� � � Some rnarijuana dispensaries force customers to sign�'orms designating;.the business as their `
� _ primary caregiver,in an at�empt to circu:mvent the 1aw. �
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` �o ;::. EXP��IEl�I��S.WI'T�i NI,A:RI:�JA.NA DISPENS.r� � S I�T��1�S�I�-E'��iTN'�'�'
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There were some marijuana c�ispensaries.aperating in`the County of Riverside until the District t
Attorney's�ffce took a vexy aggressive stance in closing'them: In Riverside,ariyone that is not a ,
"`qualified patient99 OT,46p�,imary caregiver"under the Medical 11/�arijuana Prog�am Act who possesses,
sells,or�zansports marijuana is being prosecuted. `
Several dispensary closures i1lus�rate the impact this position has had on marijuana dispensaries: For
,
instance; th�Palm Springs Caxegivers dispensary(also-kno�wn as Palm Springs �afe Access
Co1lec�ive)was searched after a warran�was issued: All materials ixy:szde were seized;and`it was
closed down and remains closed. The Cai�fornia Caregivers Associa.tion was.located in downtovvn-
� Riverside, Very shorfily after it opened,'it was also searched pursuant to a warrant and shut down.
The CannaHelp dispensary was Iocated:iri I'aJm Desert. It was searched and closed down early in
2007. The owner arid�wo managers were then prosecuted for znarijuana sales and possession of
� `marijuana for the u ase of sale. `However :a `ud e ranted their.mo:tion to uash the seaz-ch -
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warrant and dzsmissed fihe charges::TIie;District Attorney's 4"f�ce then:appealed�o'tl�e Fourth : _
District Court of Appeal. ;Presently, the Office xs waiting for orai argurnents to be scheduled.
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Dispensaries in the county have also been closed by court order. The Healing Nations Collecrive
was located in Corona. The owner Iiec�about the nature of the business iz�his a�,p�ication for a
� license. T`he city pursued and obtained an injunction that rec�uired.the business io elose. The ownex
� appealed to the Fourth Disfrict Cau�rt of Appeal,which z;u.led against him. {City of Co�oi2c�v. Ronccic� `
Nc�zslls et czl., C�:se No.E042772.) �
3e 1VI�I�IC1�I.�A.�J�CTA.I�TA.I�I�I�E�I�.�R3.'���UES II�I�ONT'���STA.��Ul�'I'�'
� �I'TI�S A.1V�I��'I`�I��Z�AI'A�.A.C�LTI�'I'IES_ :
Several cities in Cor�tra�osta County, Califozr�.ia have addressed this issue by either banning �
dispensaries enactin xnoratoria a ainst.them re ulatin them or takin a osition that the are
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siniply not a permitted land use.because;they violafe federal 1aw. Richmond, El Cerri�o,San Pablo,
Hercules,and Concord have.adopted�eimanent ordinances banz�.mg the estab�ishment of marijuana
dispensaries. Antioch,Brent�wood,Oakley,Pinole; and Pleasant Hiil have imposed xnoratoria
against dispensaries. Clayton, San Ramon, az�d Walnut Creek have not taken a:riy formal action
r�garding the establzshmenl:of marijuana di.spensaries but ha�e indieated fiha�marz�uana dlspensaries
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are not a permitted use in any of their zoning districts as a violation of federal law. Martinez has
adopted a permanent ordinance regulating the establishment of manijuana dispensaries.
The Counties of Alameda, Santa Clara, and San Francisco have enacted permanent ordinances
regulating the establishment of marijuana dispensaries. The Counties of Solano,Napa,and Marin
have enacted neither regulations nor bans. A brief overview of the regulations enacted in
neighboring counties follows.
: A. Alameda County
Alameda Couniy has a nineteen-page regulatory scheme which allows the operation of three
permitted dispensaries in unincorporated portions of the county. Dispensaries can only be located in
commercial or industrial zones, or their equivalent, and may not be located within 1,000 feet of other
dispensaries, schools,parks,playgrounds, drug recovery facilities, or recreation centers. Permit
issuance is controlled by the Sheriff,who is required to work with the Community Development
Agency and the Health Care Services agency 1:o establish operating conditions for each applicant
prior#o final selection. Adverse decisions can be appealed to the Sheriff and are ruled upon by the
same panel responsible for setting operating conditions. That panel's decision may be appealed to
the Board of Supervisors,whose decision is final(subject to writ review in the Superior Court per
CCP sec. 1094.5). Persons violating provisions of the ordinance are guil�ty of a misdemeanor.
B, Santa Clara County
In November of 1998, Santa Clara County passed an ordinance permitting dispensaries to exist in
unincorporated portions of the county with permits first sought and obtained from the Deparhnent of
Public Health. In spite of this regulati�n, neither the County Counsel nor the District Attorney's
Drug Unit Supervisor believes that Santa Ciara County has had any marijuana dispensaries in
operation at least thxough 2006.
The only permitted activities are the on-site cuitivation of inedical marijuana and the distribution of
medical marijuana/medical marijuana food stuffs. No retail sales of any products are permitted at
the dispensary. Smoking, ingestion or consumption is also prohibited on site. All doctor
recommendations for medical marijuana must Ue verified by the County's Public Health
Department.
C. San Francisco County
In December of 2001, the Board of Supervisors passed Resolution No. 012006, declaring San
Francisco to be a"Sanctuary for Medical Cannabis." City voters passed Proposition S zn 2002,
directing the city to explore the possibility of establishing a medical marijuana cultivation and
distribution program run by the city itself.
San Francisco dispensaries must apply for and receive a permit from the Department of Public
Health. They may only operate as a collective or cooperative,as defined by California Health and
Safety Code section 11362.7 (see discussion in section 4,under"California Law"above), and may
only sell or distribute marijuana to members. Cultivation, smoking, and making and selling food
products may be allowed. Permit applications are referred to the Departments of Planning,Building
Inspection, and Police. Criminal bacicground checks are required but exemptions could stili allow
the operation of dispensaries by individuals with prior convictions for violent felonies or who have
had prior permits suspended or revoked. Adverse decisions can be appealed to the Director of
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, � Public Health and the Board of Appeals, It i.s unclear how many dispensaries are operating in the
� city at this tim.e.
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,De. C�ime�tates%n tl��'�i�Ynfty a�I�ar��ar� .
� Sheriff s dafa hav�b�en com.piled for"Calls for Service"withi.n a half-mile radius of l.2'7 Aspen
; Drive,Pacheco. However,in xesearch conducted.by i:he El'Cerrito Police Departn.ient and relied
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upon by Rive.rside County in recen�ly enacting its ban on dispensaries,it was recognized that not all
; cnmes related ta medical marij�.ana take place in or.around a dispensary: So�tne take place a,t the
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homes of the owners,employees,or pa�trons., Therefore,these statistics cannot paint a-complete
picture of the i�iipact a marijua��a dispensary has had on crim.e rates. .
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. 'I`he_statistics show that the overall number of calls decreased(3,74b in 2��5 versus`3;26�in 20Qb}.
However,:there have b�en��cr�a�e�in�the numbers of crimes which appea�to be related�o a
business which is an attraction to a criminal el.ement. Reports o-f commercial burglaries
increased(14 in 2Q05,24 in 2006),as d.id re�or�s of residentzal burglaries{13 zn 2005, 16 in 2006}
and miscellaneous burglaries(5 in 2005;21 in 2006}.
� Tender�Iolistic Care(THC rnari�uana dispensary formerly lo.cafe,d on I�I.Buchanan Gircle in
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Pacheco)v,�as forcibly bu�glarized on June 11,2006: $4,80Q in cash was sto�en,along wi�h -,
mar�juana,hash,marijua.na food prodiicts,marijuana pills,.marijuana paraphernalia, and marijuana �
plants. The total Ios�was estilriated to .be$16,265. ..
11/.IariCare was also burg�arized within two weeks of opening in Pacheco. On April 4,2Q�6,a ;
:win dovc�was smashed after 1 l:00 p.m.�while;an emp�ayee was inside the business,worlcing late to - :
�get things organized. The female employee called"911"and l.oaked herse�f in an office vvhile the . �
intrude�xansacl�ed�he downs�airs dispensary and stole;more than$200 worth of marijuana. "
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� Demetrio Ramirez indzcated tha�since they were jus�movzng in,there wasn'f much inVento -
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Reports of vehicle thefts increased(4 in 2005, 6 in 2006}. Disturb�.nce reports incxeased in nearly:a�l "
categories (Fights., S in 2005, 7�i�2006,;,.Hara�sment: 4 in�0.05, 5 in 2006;Juvenzles: 4 in 2005,�1 :
in 2006; Loitering: 11 in 2005, 19 in 2��6; 'Verbal: 7 in 2005, 17 i.ri 20�6), L,it�ering repor�s
increased fraxri 1 in 2005 to 5 in 2006. Public nuisance reports increased frorn 23 in 2005 to 26 in
2006: � _
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These statistics reflec��he complaints and con.cerns raised by nearby residents. Residents have
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reported to the Dzstrict Aiton�ey's Uffice, as we11 as�o Supeivisor Piepho's office;tha�when calls
� are niade to the Sherif�'s Department,the offender�has oftentimes left the area before 1aw : : . .
enfdreement can anr�ve. Thzs llas led to less reporting, as it appears to-1ocal residents,to.be a futile
acf and residents have been advised tha�:lavv enforcement is understaffed and canno.t aiways timeiy
respond to aII ca11s for sezvice. As a result,.Pacheco developed a very active,visible Neighborhood .
Watch prog��am.�The prograxn became much:mo�e active in 2006, according to Doug Stewart. .
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Volunteers ob�ained xadios and began frec�uently rece�ving calls directly from local businesses and
residents vvho contacted them ins��ad of law enforcement. :It is therefore significant that there has ,
stilT beeil an increase in many typ�s of ca11s for law enforcement service, although the overall
� number of calls has decreased.
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,_ - 4ther complaints from reside�its included noise; odors, smoking%consuming marijuana in the area,
; litteririg and trash from the dispensary, loitering near a school bus;stop and in the nearby'church
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parking Iot;observatioi�s �llat the primary pat�rons.of 1VIariCare ap�ear to be individuals under age 25,
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� and increased traffic. Residents observed that the busiest time fox MariCare appeared to be from
� 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. On a typical Friday, 66 cars were observed entering MariCare's facility;49
, of these were observed to contain addxtional passengers. The slowest tlme appeared to be from
� 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. On a typical Saturday,44 cars were counted during this time,and 29 of these
4 were observed to have additional passengers. MariCare has claimed to serve 4,000 "patients."
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3 E. Impact of Proposed Ordinance on MedDelivery Dispensary,El Sobrante
It is the position of Contra Costa.County District Attorney Robert J. Kochly that a proposed
ordinance should terminate operation of the dispensary in El Sobrante because the land use of that
business would be inconsistent with both state and federal law. However,the Community
Development Department apparently believes that MedDelivery can remain as a"legal,non-
conforming use."
F. Banning Versus Regulating Marijuana Dispensaries in Unincorporated
Contra Costa County
� It is simply Uad public policy to allow the proliferation of any type of business which is illegal and
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; subject to being raided by federal andlor state authorities. In fact, eight locations associated with the
New Remedies dispensary in San Francisco and Alameda Counties were raided in October of 2006,
and eleven Southern California marijuana clinics were raided by federal agents on January 18, 2007.
The Los Angeles head of the federal Drug Enforcement Administration told CBS News after the
January raids that"Today's enforcement operations show that these establishments are nothing more
than drug-trafficking organizations bringing criminal activities to our neighborhoods and drugs near
our childzen and schools." A Lafayette, California resident who owned a business that produced
marijuana-laced foods and drinks for marijuana clubs was sentenced in federal court to five years
and 10 months behind bars as well as a$250,000 fine. Several of his employees were also convicted
in that case.
As discussed above, there is absolutely no exception to the federal prohibition against marijuana
cultivation,possession, transportation,use, and distribution. Neither California's voters nor its
Legislature authorized the existence or operation of marijuana dispensing businesses when given the
opportunity to do so. These enterprises cannot fit themselves into the few, narrow exceptions that
were ci-eated by the Compassionate Use Act and Medical Marijuana Prograin Act.
Further, the presence of marijuana dispensing businesses contributes substantially to the existence of
a secondary market for illegal, street-level distribution of marijuana. This fact was even recognized
by the United States Supreme Court: "The exemption for cultivation by patients and caregivers can
only increase the supply of marijuana in the California rnarket. The likelihood that all such
production will pxomptly terminate when patients recover or will precisely match the patients'
medical needs during their convalescence seems remote; whereas the danger that excesses will
satisfy some of the admittedly enormous demand for recreational use seems obvious." (Gonzc�les v.
Raich, szcpra, 125 S.Ct. at p. 2214.}
As outlined below, clear evidence has emerged of such a secondary market in Contra Costa County.
• In September of 2004,police responded to reports of two men pointing a gun at cars in
the parking lot at Monte Vista High School during an evening football gaine/dance. Two
19�year-old Danville residents were located in the parking lot(which was full of vehicles
and pedestrians) and in possession of a silver Airsoft pellet pistol designed to replicate a
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F - : real Walther semi-automatic handgun. IVlarijuana,hash,anci hash oil wit11 typical , ` `
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� dispensary packaging and labeling v�ere also located in the car, along with a gallon
; � . . bottle of�ec�ui.la(1/4 full),a bong;with bui�led residue,arid rolling papers. The young
` � �,x�.en adrn.i��ed to having consumed an unknown amount o:f tequila at th'e park nex�ta
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; the schaol and�that�hey both pointed the gun at passing ears"as a joke." They fired
� several BBs at a.wooden fenee i.n the:park when there vvere people in�he area. The
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_ � - , ` owner of fhe Vehicle admi.tted tha�the marijuana was his and that he wa��o�'a medicinal
l � marijuana user. He was able to buy rnariju.ana from�his�friend"Brandon,"who used a
Proposition 215:ca�rd to purchase::�om a cannabis club in Hayward.�
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= . � In Febr�a.ary of 24a6,Concord polic�officers responded to a report of a possible drug sale
; . in pxog�ess. They arrested a higli school senior for two outstandirig warrants as he came .
f � to buy rriarijuana from the cannabis club Iocated'on Contra Costa Boulevard: 'The young
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� man explained that he had a cannab�s elub card that allowed Ium�Co purchase marijuana,
` . � and admitt�d that he plann.ed ta re-se11 some of'the m:ari�uana to friends. He also ,
� � - adm�tted to possession of nearly 7 grams of cocaine which v�as recovexed. A 21=-year-old
€ � man wa�also a.zrested on an outstanding warrant: In his ca��was a rnarijuana grinder, a
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� baggie of mariJuana,rol�ing papers,cigars, and a"blunt"(hollowed'out cigar filled`with �
i ! - ma�ijuana fox smoking}�vitli�one`end burned.- The 2I-year-old admit�e.d that;he did n��
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- have a physician:'s recoznmendation for marijuana. _
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� . A1so in February:of�2046, a� 17-year-old 1Vlonte "Uista High Scho:ol senio�'was charged�
� ` � ` = ::-. . -� with felony furnishing of inarijuana to a child, after giving a 4-y�ar=old boy a marijuana=
` . . ` Iaced caokie.;- The:;furnishing occu7red on campus,during a child c�evelopment class. - : -.
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� � � : . In March of 200�, police arid �ire responded to an explos�on at a San Ramon townhol�se
and�found 1:hree�ourig men engaged in culfivating and mariufacturing"lioriey o�l"for local
' - � pot elub�. Marijuana was als�b�ing"sold'from the residence.' Honey oiI is a concentra�ed
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form of cannabis chemically extracted from ground:up marijuana u�ith extremely volatile
. butane and a special"honey oil"extractor tube. The butane extraction op�ration:ex�la�ed
with such force that it blew;the garage door partially off its hinges. 'S�rinklers-in the
: - residence kept�he fire frorri spr.eading to the other Iiomes in the densely paciced residential
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:;.: neighborhood. At least one of `the men was employed by I�en Estes, ov�ner of the
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Dragonfly Holistic Solutions pot clubs �n Richmond, San .Franczsco, an�. Lake 'Couniy:
� ` . They�were making the`"honey oii" with marijuana and butane that_they brought up from _
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-- one of Estes' �an Diego po�clubs after it was shut down by fe�eral agents. ,
€ � � Also in March of 2006,a IS=year-o�d.El Cerr'ito High School siudent-was arrested'after� ` �
� selling pot cookies �o fellow students ori campus;many of whom became i11. At leasfi
� r faur rec�uired hospztalizatian. �'he investiga.t�on revealed that the cookies were xnade with
� a butter obtained ou�side a marijuana dispensary(a secondal�sale). Between March of `�
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� _ 2004 and May.of 2006, the El Cerrito Po�ice Department conducted seven investigations `
at the high school and junior high'schaol,resultzng in the arrest of eighti juveniles for
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` selli.ng or possessing with intent to seXl xira.arijuana on or around the school`campuses.
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� � In June of 200�,1Vloraga police�offcers made a traf�c stop far suspeeted driving under
� " the influence of alcohol: The car vvas seen�dr��tzng over the double yellow line separa�ing `
j north and southbound�raffic lanes and driving in the b�ke lane.' The 20-year-old driver
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; denied havzng consurried any alcohoi;�s he was the:"des�gnated driver." When asked
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� about his bloodshat, wa:tery,and droopy eyes,the college junior explained that he had
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� smoked maxijuana eariier{confirmed by blood tests). The young man had difficulty
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� performing field sobriety tests, slurred his speech,and was ultimately arrested for driving
1 under the influence. He was in possession of a falsified California Driver's.License,
marijuana,hash, a marijuana pipe, a scale,and$12,288. The marijuana was in packaging
from the Compassionate Collective of Alameda County,a Hayward dispensary. He
explained that he buys the marijuana at"Pot Clubs,"sells some,and keeps the rest. He
only sells to close friends. About$3,000 to $4,000 of the cash was from playing high-
stakes poker,but the rest was earned selling marijuana while a freshrnan at Arizona State
Uruversity. The 18-year-old passenger had half an ounce of marijuana in her purse and
produced a doctor's recommendation to a marijuana club in Oakland, the authenticity of
which could not be confirmed.
� .Another significant concern is the proliferation of marijuana usage at community schools. In
� February of 2007, the Healthy Kids Survey for Alameda and Contra Costa Counties found that
youthful substance abuse is more common in the East Bay's more affluent areas. These areas had
higher rates of high school juniors who admitted having been high from drugs. The regional
manager of the study found that the affluent areas had higher alcohol and marijuana use rates. USA
Today recently reported that the percentage of 12th Grade students who said they had used marijuana
has increased since 2002 (from 33.6% to 3b.2% in 200S), and that marijuana was the most-used
illicit drug among that age group in 2006. KSDK News Channel 5 reported that high school students
are finding easy access to medical marijuana cards and presenting them to school authorities as a
legitimate excuse for getting high. School Resource �f�cers foi- Monte Vista and San Ramon
Va�ley High Schools in Danville have�reported finding marijuana in prescription bottles and other
packaging from Alameda County dispensaries. Marijuana has also b�en linked to psychotic
illnesses.1°I A risk factor was found to be starting marijuana use in adolescence.
For all of the above reasons, it is advocated by District Attorney Kochly that a ban on land uses
which violate state or federal lavv is the most appropriate solution for the County of Contra Costa.
4. SANTA BAItBARA COUNTY
According to Santa Barbara County Deputy District,A,ttorney Brian Cota,ten marijuana dispensaries
are currently operating within Santa Barbara County. The mayor of the City of Santa Barbara,who
zs an outspoken inedical marijuana supporter, has stated that the police must place marijuana behind
every other police priority. This has lnade it difficult for the local District Attorney's Office. Not
many marijuana cases come to it for filing. Tlie District Attorney's Office would like more
reguiations placed on the dispensaries. However, the majority of Santa Barbara County political
leaders and residents are very liberal and do not want anyone to be denied access to medical
marijuana if they say they need it. Partly as a result,no dispensaries have been prosecuted to date.
5. SONQMA COUNTY
Stephan R. Passalocqua, District Attorney for the County of Sonoma, has recently reported the
following infoi-mation related to distribution of inedical mai-ijuana in Sonoma County. In 1997, the
Sonoma County Law Enforcement Chiefs Association enacted the following medical marijuana
guidelines: a qualified patient is permitted to possess three pounds of marijuana and grow 99 plants
in a 100-square-foot canopy. A qualified caregiver could possess or grow the above-mentioned
amoun�s for each qualified patient. These guidelines were enacted after Proposition 215 was
. overwheimingly passed by the voters of California, and after two separate unsuccessful prosecutions
in Sonoma County. Two Sonoma County juries returned "not guilty" verdicts for three defendants
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' who possessed substantxa.11y large quantities of rnari�uana(60 plants in one cas�and over 900 plants
' in the other)where they asserted a medical ina.rijuana defense. These verdicts, and the attendant
� ' publicity, demonsfirated that the colnmunity standards a�re vastly different �in Sonoma Caun�y
� compared to other jurisdic:tions.
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� � �n November 6,20�6,and authorized by Senate Bill�420,the Sonoma County Board of Supervisoxs
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specifically enacted regulations t1�at a11ow a qualified persan holdzng a valid identification card to
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:possess u:p to�fihree pounds of dried e'annabis a year and cu�tivate 30"plants per qualified patient.No :
� ` ,indivi.duai from any la.tiv enforcement agenc�in Sonoma�County appeared at#he hearing,nor did an.y '
;� representative publicly oppose tlus�esolution: - :
With respect to the People v. Sdshon Jenkins�case,the defendant provided veri�ed medical :
� � �ecommeridations for five qualifie,d patients prio�to trial.A�the time of arrest,Jen�ins said that he �
� had a medical marijuana card and was a care provider for rri:ultiple people,but was unable�o provide
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specific documentation. Mr. Jenkins had approxxm.ate�y�10`pounds of dried marijuana and was '
� growing 14 pla.nts;which number of plarits is cansistent with�he 2006 Sonoma County Board of
CSupervisors' resolution.
� At a prelimina.ry hearing held In January of 2007,the defense called five witnesses who were
proffered as Jenkins' "patients"and who came to court with medical recommendations. Jenkins � ,
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, also test�fied that he was their caxegiver. Af�er the prelirnina�ry hearing; the assigned'�rosecutar � p��
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;conducted a thorough.review of the facts anel the�aw, and concluded that a Sonoma County jury�� �
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would not returri a"guiliy99 verdict;iri this case.Hence,no felony znforma��on vc�as`filed. With - �
respect to 1:he return of:proper�issue,th�prosecuting deputy d.istrict atto��.ey never agreec�`to .
�xelease�he marijuana d�spite`disni�ssirig tihe case. .
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,`. Othex trial_dates are pending in cases where medica�marijuana defenses are'being.alleged. Dis�rict
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Attorney Passalacqua has noted that,giveri the overwhelmmg passage o��roposztion 215; coupled�-�
`witih at least or�e United Stat�s Suprexne Court decision that has riot struck it'down to,da�e,these
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factors presen�curren�challe�ges fox�laj;v enforceznent;but that he and�olther pxosecutors w�Il� � �
`cont�.nue rto vigorously prosecute drug dealers within th�boundaries of the Iaw.
' ` � . �- - 6e. �1�I�GE ��JIJI�TY � : ,
� There are I S marijuana dispensaries in 4xange County,ancl several delivezy services:` IVlany of � =
- �he delivery s�rvices operate out of the City of Long Beach�n Los Angeles Coun�.�,Orange �
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County_�ser�ed a search wanrant on one dispensary, and closed it down. A decision zs being made`.=
; vvhether or not to file erim.inal charges in that case. It is possible that the'United States Attorney "�
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� w�Ii f le;-on that dispensary since it is a branch of�a dispensary that the federal authari�zes raided -
� in San Diego Caurity.
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� The Orange County Board of Supervisors�as ordered a study by the county':s Health Care
� Department on how to corr�ply with�he Medical Marijuana Program Act. The District
Attorney's Of�ce's posi�ion is that any activity under the Medical Marijuana Program Act _
beyoncl the n�.ere issuance of identification cards vio�ates fed�ral Iaw. The District Attorney's ` '
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� �f�ce has made it clear to County Counsel tliat zf any.medical xnarijuana provider does not meet
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a strict de�rution of"primary caxegiver"that persoll will be prosecuted.
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O 20�9 California Police Chiefs Assn: 30 � All Righ�s Reserved
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PENDING LEGAL QUESTIONS
Law enforcernent agencies throughout the state,as well as their legislative bodies,have been
struggling with how to reconcile the Compassionate Use Act("CUA"), CaI. Health&Safety
Code secs. 11362.5,et seq., wifih the federal Controlled SuUstances Act("CSA"),21 U.S.C. sec.
841, et seq., for some time. Pertinent questions follow.
QUESTION
1. Is it possiule for a storefront marijuana dispensary to be legally operated
under the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (Health & Saf. Code sec. 11362.5)
� and the Medical Marijuana Program Act{Health& Saf. Code secs. 1].362.7-
11362.83?
ANSWER
l. Storefront mar.ijuana dispensaries may be legally operated under the CUA
and the Medical Marijuana Program Act("MMPA"), Cal. Health& Safety
Code secs. 113b2.7-11362.83, as long as they are "cooperatives" under tbe
MMFA.
ANALYSIS
T'he question posed does not specify what services or products are available at a "storefront"
marijuana dispensary. The question also does not specify the business structure of a
"dispensary." A"dispensary" is often commonly used nowadays as a generic term for a faciiity
that distributes medical marijuana.
The term"dispensary" is also used specifically to refer to marijuana facilities that are operated
more like a retail establishment, that are open to the public and often "sell" medical marijuana to
qualified patients or caregivers. By use of the term"store front dispensary," the question may be
presuming that this type of facility is being operated. For purposes of this analysis,we will
assume that a "dispensary" is a generic ternZ that does not contemplate any particular business
structure.� Based on that assumption, a "dispensary" might provide"assistance to a qualified
patient or a person with an identifcation card, or his or her designated primary caregiver, in
administering medical marijuana to the qualified patient or person or acc�uiring the skills
necessazy to cultivate or adYninister marijuana for medical purposes to the qualified patient or
person" and be within the permissible limits of the CUA and the MMPA. (Cai. Health& Safety
Code sec. 11362.765 (b)(3).)
t As the tezm "dispensary" is commonly used and understood, marijuana dispensaries
would not be permitted under the CUA or the MMPA, since they "seil" medical marijuana and
are not operated as true "cooperatives."
O 2009 California Police Chief�Assn. 31 All Rights Reserved
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'The CUA perm�ts a patlent ;or,a pat�ent s pnmary:caregiver.; to possess or cultiva�e marijuana` _
� ; for personal medical purpo�es with the recommendation of a physic�an. {Cal.Health& Safety �
: � Ct�de sec. 11362.5 (d}:j Similarly,the 1�1IlU�PA p�ovides�hat"pa�ients" or designated"primary ��
i
�' careg�v�rs"who have vol.untarily ob�ained a valid medical marijuana identification card shall not
b�subJect�o arrest for possession,transportation,delivexy, or cultivatxon of inedica.l marijuana�in,
specified quantities. (Cal.Hea1�h�Safe�y Code sec. 11362.71 (d) &{e).}�A "s�orefzon� - ,
dispensary'�would not�t within either af these categories.
� , . _ ;.
, _
� �'However,the�IlVII'A.also prov�d�s that"[qlualified patients,person�with valid identification
� cards;and the designated primary ca�egruers af qualified patients and person�wit11 identification.,
- cards,who as�sociate w�thin the 5tate of Califoxn�ia i�order coilectively or coope�ntively to
cultivate marijuana for�nedical pur�oses, shaXl not solely on the basis of that fact be subject to
� state criminal sanc�ions under section 11357` [possessxon), 1135� �plan�ing,harvesting or
processing], 11359 [possession for sal.e], 11360 [unlawful transportation,importation, sale or
gift), 11366 �opening or maintainin.g place for trafficking in controlled subs�a:ncesj, 11366.5 , �
[providing place�or manufacture or di.stribution of con�rol�ed substance;�or�ifying building to
.suppress law enforcement entry],or ]:1570 [Building�or place�deezn.ed n.uisances;subject to
;,- _
� abatement]." (Cal.I-�eal.th& Safety Cad�sec. 113�2.775.) {Emphasis added�.} ;
� � _
F ; Since medicai marijuana coopera�ives are�ermitted pursuant�a the M�!tPA,a"storefront
dzspensary" that would qualify as a cooperat�ve would bepe�nissible under�he MIVIPA. {Ca1.-
Health&Safety Code sec. 11362.775. See also People v. Urziceanu�{2005} 132 CaI..A.pp.`4th � _
' 747 tfinding criminal defendant�vas,entitled to present defense rela�i.ng to operation of�nedical
ma�ijuana cooperative).) in granting a xeptrial,the appel�ate court in Urziceafiza found that the y; `,
defendant could present.evidence which xnight entztle him ta a defense under the M:MPA as to : �
the.operation of a medz�al marijuana cooperative,.ancluding the.fact�Chat the"cooperative"
: verified.physician recommendations and identities of individuals seekirig,medical marijuana and�- °
individuals obtaining medical marijuana paid membership:fees,�eimbursed defendant for his
cos�s in cul�ivating the medical marijuana by way of donations,and volunteered at�he
" : - "cooperative." (Icl. at p.�7$5.} .. . _
W.hether or not"sa.les" are permitted uYlder�I�ziceafau and the MMPA.is.unciear. The -_
� - � ` U�ziceanzc Court clid note that the incoipoxatian of sec�ion`11359,relating to marijuana"sales," `-
,
� r in section �1.362.775,allowing the ope�ratzon of cooperatives, ''contempla�es the formatiori and� -
� ope�ation of rriedicinal marijuana cooperative�that vc�ould receive reimburseinent foz marijuana _
and the services provided in conjunction with thE pravision of that marijuana." Whetller
€ "reimbursenient"may be in the fann only of donations,as:were the facts presented in Ur�zicec�nic,,
' or whefiher"purchases" could be made for medzcal marijuana, zt does seem clear.that a medical �
, maxi.juana "cooperative" may not make a"profit," vut may:be.restricted to being reimbursed foar �
actual costs in providing the inarijuana to its members and, if t�.ere are any°''profits," these xnay �
, :
have to be reinvested in the"coopera��ve" or shared by its members in order fo�a'dispensary to �
r .
O_2009 Califarnia Police Chiefs Assn. 32 ; -. Alf Rights Reserved
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be truly considered to be operating as a "cooperative."2 If these requirements are satisfied as to a
"storefront" dispensary,then it will be permissible under the MMPA. Otherwise,it will be a
� vioiation of both the CUA and the MMPA.
QUESTI�N
2. If the governing body of a city, county,or city and county approves an ordinance
authorizing and regulating marijuana dispensaries to implement the Compassionate
� Use Act of 1996 and the Medical Marijuana Program Act,can an individual board or
; council member be found to be acting illegally and be subject to federal criminal
charges, including aiding and abetting, or state criminal charges?
ANSWER
2. If a city, county,or city and county authorizes and regulates marijuana
dispensaries,individual members of the Iegislative bodies may be held criminally
liable under state or federal law.3
ANALYSIS
A. Federal Law
Generally, legislators of federal, state,and local legisiative bodies are absolutely
immune from liability for legislative acts. (U.S. Const.,art. I, sec. 6 (Speech and
Debate Clause,appiicable to inembers of Congress); Fed. Rules Evid.,Rule 501
(evidentiary privilege against admission of Iegislative acts); Tenney v. Branc�hove
(1951)341 U.S. 367(legislative immunity applicabie to state legislators);Bogan
v. Scott-Ha�ris(1998) 523 U.S. 44{legislative immuniiy applicable to Iocal
legislators).) However, while federal legislators are absolutely immune froin both
criminal and civil liability for purely legislative acts, local legislators are only
immune from civil liability under federal law. (United States v. Gillock(1980}
445 U.S. 360.)
Where the United States Supreme Court has held that federal regulation of marijuana by way of
the CSA, including any"medical" use of marijuana, is within Congress'Commerce Clause
power, federal law stands as a bar to local action in direct violation of the CSA. (Gonzales v.
Raich (20�5) 545 U.S. l.} In fact, the CSA�tself provides that federal regulations do not
2 A "cooperative" is defined as foilows: An enterprise or organizatzon that is owned or managed
jointly by those who use its facilities or services. THE AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE
ENGLTSH LANGUAGE,by Houghton Mifflin Company(4th Ed. 2000).
3 Indeed, the same conclusion would seem to result from the adoption by state legislators of the
MMPA itself, in authonzing the issuance of inedical marijuana identification cards. (Cal. Health
& Safety Code secs. 11362.71, et seq.)
O 2009 California Pofice Chiefs Assn. 33 All Rights Reserved
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� exclusively occupy the fielc�of drug regu.lation"unless.ther.e is a positive canflict between that �
; : .
provision of this title [the CS1-�� and that state 1aw so tha�the two cannot cans���ently stand LL
� :
: together.''�{21 U::S,C. see;903.}. .
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� Based on the abov�provisi.ons,'then; iegisiative aetian by local legislators could su.bj'ect the ' �
� ; indiyidu.allegislators to �ederal criminal Iiability. 1V�ost Iikely,the only viola�ion of the CSA fhat
� � `' : could occur as a result of an ordinance app�aved by local legislators'authorizing�and�egulating
� �
� . medical.rnarijuana would be aiding and abetting a violation of the CSA. _
t The elem�nts of the offense of aiding and abe�ing a crirninal offense are: (1) specifc intent to
� faci�itate coxnmission of a crin�e by axiother; (2}guilty I�nowledge on the part of the aecused; (3)
� ` that an offense was being commi�ted by someane;and�(4}that the accused assisted'or
` artici ated in:the commission of an offense. �nited�States v.Ra e� 19�2 676 F.2d�41;
�. p. p t 1? { ) _
:United States v. Staten(197�) 5�1 �.2d�7�,)
' � , Criminal a.iding and abettin liabili
g ty,under 1�U.S.�. section2;requires proof tliat the
defendants.in some way associat�d themseives wz�h tlie illegal venture;�:hat they participated in -
' - ' the venture as samethin that the wished to brin aliaut• and that.�he sou ht b their actions to
g� Y g 9 Y g y
make the venture succeed: {CentYal&ank,NA. v. F`iYst Inte�state Bank,N.�t. (l.994) 5�1 U:S.
I64.) .1V�ere fu.rnishing of company to a person engagecl in a crime does not rendex a companion�
. ,
an aider or abettor. (�Inited States�v. Ga�g�ilo{2d Cir. 1962) 310 F.2d 249.} In order for a
defendant to be an aider and abettor.he must know that the activity condemned by law is actually
occu�ring and must intend to help the,,perpetrator. tUfzited,.�tates V.:.t�IcDaniel{9th Cir: 1976} �_-'
�
545 F2d 642.) To be guilty of aid�ag and abetting,the defendant-must willfixlly seel�,by some ',
action of his own, ta rna:ke a crirninal Venture succeed. {United States��. EhrenbeYg(E.D.Pa.:
'. ;. ' 1973} 354�. Supp. 46tJ ce��t. c�enied (1974) 9� S. Ct. 1612.) ; . . : , _:�
The question, as posed,may presurne:that'the local iegislative body has acted in a manner that ;
affirrx�atively,supports:marijuana:dispensaries. As phxased by Senator Kuehl,the q�est7on to be `
. answered by�he At�omey General'.s 4ffzce assumes thati a local'legislative body has adoptecl an
ordinance�hat"aut�.orizes"medical marijuana facili�ies. What if a local`public entity adQpts:an. ��
ordinance that ex�licitly indicates that it a.oes not authori�ze, �egalize,or permit any diSpensary
' that is in vio�ation of federal law regarding controlled substances`?: If the l.ocal public entity �
�
;
� � ` grants a permit,regula�es, or irnposes locafional requirements on marijuana dispensaries with tiie.:
, _ .
� announced understanding that if does not ther-eby allow any illegal.activity and.that dispensaries �
� are required tio comply witfi all applicable Iaws, inc�uding federal Iaws,then the public enti�y
i :
� should be entitled ta expect that all laws-wi11 be obeyed.� , ,
�
It would seem that a ublic entit is not izlt ' ; �
� p y entionally actzng to encourage or aid acts in violation.
� of the C�.l�merely because�t has adopted an ordiriance�vhich zegulates dzspensaries;even the
; issuance of a"permit," if rt is expressly nat allowing�violations of federal law, cannot necessarily .
� support a charge or conviction of aidirig and:abetting violat�on of the CSA. A public entity �: �
4 should i�e entitled to,�xesuzne that dispensaries will obey all�applicable laws and that lawful
{ vusiness wilT be conducted at dispensaries. Fo�ins�ance, dispensaries could very we�i;not engage �
� in actual medical rnarijuana distri�bution;but instead engage in educafion and awa�eness activities : "
� as to the medical effects�of marijuana; the sale of other,legal piroducts that aid in the suffering of
�2009 C�Iifornia Police Chiefs Assn. 34 Ail R'rghts Reserved
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ailing patients; or even activities directed at effecti.ng a change in the federal laws relating to
regulation of marijuana as a Schedule I substance under the CSA.
�
These are examples of legitimate business activities, and Firs#Amendment protected activities at
that, in which dispensaries could engage relating to medicai marijuana,but not apparently in
violation of the CSA. Public entities should be entitled to presume that legitimate activities can
and will be engaged in by dispensaries that are pernutted andlor regulated by local regulations.
In fact,it seems counterintuitive that local public entities within the state should be expected to
be the watchdogs of federal law; in the area of controlled substances, at least, local public entities
do not have an affirrnatzve obligation to discern whether businesses are violating federal law.
The California Attorney General's Office will note that the State Board of Equalization("BOE"}
has already done precisely what has been suggested in the preceding paragraph. In a special
notice issued by the BOE this year,it has indicated that sellers of inedical marijuana must obtain
a seller's perm.it. (See http:l/www.boe.ca.gov/news/pdf/medse11er2007.pdf(Special Notice:
Important Information for Sellers of Medical Marijuana).) As the Special Notice explicitly
indicates to medical marijuana facilities, "[h]aving a seller's permit does not mean you have
authority to make unlawful sales. The permit only provides a way to rernit any sales and use
taxes due. The pexmit states, 'NOTICE TO PERMITTEE: You are required to obey all federal
and state laws that regulate or control your business. This permit does not alJ.ow you to do
otherwise."'
The above being said,however,there is no guarantee that criminal charges would not actually be
brought by the federal government or that persons so charged could not be successfully
prosecuted. It does seem that arguments contrary to the above conclusions could be persuasive
in convicting local legislators. By permitting and/or regulating marijuana dispensaries by local
ordinance, some legitimacy and credibility may be granted by governmental issuance of permits
or authorizing and allowing dispensaries to exist or locate within a jurisdiction.4
All of this discussion, then,simply demonstrates that individual board or council members can,
indeed,be found criminally liable under federal law for the adoption of an ordinance authorizing
and regulating marijuana dispensaries ihat promote the use of marijuana as medicine. Tl�e
actual likelihood of prosecution,and its potential success,may depend on the particular facts of
the regulation that is adopted.
4 Of course,the question arises as to how far any such liability be taken. Where can the line be
drawn between any permit or regulation adopted specifically with respec#to marijuana
dispensaries and other permits or approvals routinely, and often nzinisteric�lly, granted by local
public entzties, such as building permits or business licenses,which are discussed infra?If loeal
public entities are held responsible for adopting an ordinance authorizing and/or regulating
marijuana dispensaries, cannot local public entities also be subject to liability for providing
general pubiic services for the illegal distribution of"medical"marijuana? Could a local public
entity that knew a dispensary was distributing "medieal"marijuana in compliance with state law
be criminally liable if it provided electricity, water,and trash services to that dispensary? How
can such actions really be distinguished from the adoption of an ordinance that authorizes and/or
regulates marijuana dispensaries?
O 2QQ9 California Police Chiefs Assn. 35 All Rights Reserved
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� Similarly;under:California law, aside from the�erson who directly commrts a '
� crim�nal offense;no.other person is guilfy as a principal unless�he aids and, �
� ; abets. Peo Ze v.Dole� 1�9� 122 CaL 4�6•Peo le v. Stein 1942 55 Cal.A 2d ` �
� p � ) 9 � ( ) pp•
� 417.) A person who innocently aids in the commission of�he crinle cannot be found
� guilty. (People v. FYedoni(1910) 12 Cal`.A�pp. 6�5}
� �
� : To authorize a conviction as an aider and abe�tor of crime,it must be shown nat
� � only that t�e person so ch.arged aic�ed and assisted in the commission of
� : the offense,but also that�e abetted the.act—that is, �hat he criminally or with �
guil�.y knowledge an�:inte�t aicied.the act�al perpetrator in the-cornmi.ssion of the
� act. (People v. Te�man (1935)�4 Cal.'A.pp:2d 345.} 'To "abet" another in :
�
i commissian of a czune;implies a:consciousness of gui�t i.n instigating,'encou�agzng, .
``r promoting,or aa.ding i:he commission af the offense. (People v: Be�t(1941}43��al.App:
: _
c :2d 100:) "Abet"implies knowledge of the wr�ngful purpose of the perpetrator�of the `
;
- crime. (Peo�ale v. S`tein,supr�a.)
To be guilty of an�offense camnutted by another person,the accused mus�no�orily aid ,
: such perpetrator by assisti.ng or suppl�menting his efforts,but inust,wi�h knowled'ge of �
the wrongful purpose of the perpetrator, abet by:inciti�g or encouragi�g him. (People v: '
Le GYant(1946}76 Cal.App. 2d 148;:172;People v...Ca�lson �'J.960) 177 Ca1.App: 2�.
- ,
20i.) .
' Th.e conclusion under state la�v aiding and ab.ettirig would be similar to the analysis above under
fed�ra�law. Similar to federal law unm.unities avazlabTe to local legislataxs,discussed above,� -
state l.aw immunities provi�de soine protection for local�legislators. Local J.egi.s�ators axe certainly -`
;, ` i.rninune from,civil liability relating�.ta legislative acts; it is unclear,however,yvhether they;would
also be immune from eriminal liability. {Steine�v. SzcpeYioY Court, 50 Ca1.App.4th 1771
d . _
(assuming,bu.t finding no Califarnia.authority relatixa.g ta a"c�inurial" exception to absolute .
,; �ununiiy far legislators under state law})$ Given the appaxent state of the law,local legislators
could only be certain that they would b�immune froiri c1vi1 liability and could not be cer�ain that
;,
€ � Although the SteineY Court notes that"well-established federalla.w supports�I�e exception,"
;
� when federal case au�hori�ly is applied in a state Iaw context,there inay be a different ou�come. ;
Federal authorities note that one purpose supportirig eramirial imna.unity as to federal legislatars
from federai prosecution is the separation of powers doctrine,which does`not apply in.the
context of fec�e��al cr�minal prosecution of l.ocal'legislators, I�ovvever,if a state or county �
prosecutor b�rought criminal charges against a local legis�ator,the separation of powers doctrine
may ba�such prosecution. (Ca1. Const., art. TII, sec. 3.} As federal authorities note,bribery, or
other criminal charges that do nofi depend upon evidence of,and cannot be said to further, any
y legislative acts,can still be prosecuted;against legislators. (See B�cce v. RicZc�le(4�h Cir. 1980}
� b31 F.2d 272,279 ["Illegal acts such as_bribery are obviously not in aid of-legislative activity
' and legisla�ors can claim.no immunity for iilegal ac�s;"];�Unitec�Stc�tes v.B�ewste�,�0$U.S. 501 -
[indretmenfi for bribery not dependent upon how;legisla�or detiated,:voted,or did anything in :
� chamber or committee;pro,secution need only show acceptance of money for promise to vote;
not carrying tivrough of vo�e by legislatox]; Unitecl.Stc�tes v. Swindall(1 lth Cir. 1992} 971 F.2d
� O 2009 California Poiice Ghiefs Assn. 36 AII Rights Reserved
;
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� they would be at all immune from criminal liability under state law, However, there would not
_ be any criminal violation if an ordinance adopted Uy a local public entity were in compliance
� with the CUA and fhe MMPA. An ordinance authorizing and regulating medical marijuana
f
� would not,by virtue solely of its subject matter,be a violation of state law; only if the ordinance
� itself permitted some activity inconsistent with state law relating to medical marijuana would
� there be a violation of state law that could subject local legislators to criminal liability under state
law.
QUESTI�N
3. If the goveming body of a city,city and couniy, or county appr�ves an ordinance
authorizing and regulating marijuana dispensaries to impleinent the
Compassionate Use Act of 1996 and the Medical Marijuana Program Act, and
subsequently a particular dispensary is found to be violating state law regarding
sales and firafficking of marijuana, could an elected official on the governing body
be guilty of state criminal charges?
ANSWER
3. .After adoption of an ordinance authorizing or regulating marijuana dispensaries,
elected officials could not be found criminally liable under state law for the
subsequent violation of state law by a particular dispensary.
ANALYSIS
Based on the state law provisions referenced above relating to aiding and abetting,it does not
seem that a local public entity would be liable for any actions of a marijuana dispensary in
violation of state law. Since an ordinance authorizing and/or regulating�narijuana dispensaries
would necessarily only be authorizing and/or regulating to the extent already pe�-nzitted by state
law, local elected officials could not be found to be aiding and abetting a violation of state law.
In fact,the MMPA cleariy contemplates local regulation of dispensaries. (Cal. Health&Safety
Code sec. 11362.83 ("Nothing in this article shall prevent a city or other local governing body
from adopting and enforcing Iaws consistent with this article."}.} Moreover, as discussed above,
there may be legislative immunity applicable to the legislative acts of individual elected offcials
in adopting an ordinance, especially where it is consistent with state law regarding marijuana
dispensaries that dispense crude marijuana as medicine.
1531, 1549 [evidence of legislative acts was essential eletnent of proof and thus immunity
applies].) Therefore, a criminal prosecution that relates solely to legislative acts cannot be
maintained under the separation of powers rationale for legislative immunity.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 37 AI! Rights Reserved
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:4. Does;approval of such an axdzna:nce open�he�urisdictions themselves to civil.or
� �
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� � ��sw�� .
; � , . : . ..
� � J 4. Approving.an ordinance authorizing or regulating m.anjuana dispensarles may
� sub;�ect the jurisdicti�ns to civil.or crimanal Iiability. :
,
�
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I
� Under federal:Iavcr, crimi.nal liabziity is created solely by statute. tDowling v. United�`ta�es
� (19$5}4�3 U.S.207, 213.) Although becoming more ra�re,municipalities have been,and still
f
; may be,criminally prosecuted for violations of federal Iaw,where the federal.law provides not
` ..
,�ust,a penalty fox�imprisonment,but a penalty for monetary sanctaons. (See C`rreen; Stuart P.,The `
CYiminal.P�oseciction of Local Gove�nments, 72 N.�: L._Rev, 1197(I 994j{discussion af lustory
; of`inunicipal c�iminal p�oseeution}..) , ,_
; f .
The CSA pxohibits persons from engaging in ce�ain_acts,including the distribution and �
, :
� p � _ ' ,of which marijuana is one. (21 U.S-aC.sec. 841,:} A person,
; ossesszon o£Schedule i substances
. ,
f for puiposes of the C��,includes "any individual, corpora�ion, gove.rnment ox governmental.
su.bdivisior�or agency,business trust,partne�ship, association, or other�egal entity." (21 C.F.R.._
�ec. 13QO.OI (34). .See-:a1so 21 C:F.R..sec. 130I.02�"Any;texm used-in this part shall have the. : .".
definition set forth in sectzon 102 of tlle Act{21 U,S.C. 8Q2) or part 1300 of this;chapter."}:) By
its`very<terms,then,the CSA rnay be violat�d by a Iocal publie`entity. If-the actions of a local�
' `' ublic enti otherwise:satis the re uirernents flf aidin and.a.bettin a vi.o�a�ian.of;the GSA, as F
;.
..
1� ; �Y, fY �1 g g
discussed above,then Ioca�public entities.may,indeed,be subject;to:criminal prosecution for a.. �
viola�ion of federal law.
,
Under either fede�al or state law,local public entities would not be subject�o cxvil liability for
the�mere adoption of an ordinance, a legislative act. As discussed above, local�egislators are
absolutely iinmune froxn civil liabiiity for Iegislatzve acts under both federal and s�ate law. In - �
add�tion,there is speci�ic immunity under state law relatzng to any issuance or'denial of permxts.
! �UES'�'I�I�I - _
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� 5. Does the issuance of a business l�cense.to a rnarijuana`dispensary involve any,
� additional:civil.or criminal liability far a city ox county and zts elected goveming
�' body?
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5. A Local public en�ities will Iilcely not b.e lzabie for the issuance.of business licenses
f to maxijuana dispensaries that plan to dispense-crude inarijuana as medicin.e.
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ANALYSIS
Business licenses are imposed by cities within the State of California oftentimes solely for
revenue puxposes,but are permitted by state law to be imposed for revenue,z-egulatory, or for
both revenue and regulatory purposes. (Cal. Gov. Code sec. 37101.} Assuming a business
license ordinance is for revenue purposes only,it seems that a local public entity would not have
i any liability for the mere coilection of a tax,whether on legal or illegal activities. However, any
liability that would attach would be analyzed the same as discussed above. In the end, a local
public entity could hardly be said to have aided and abetted the dis�ribution or possession of
marijuana in violation of the CSA by its mere collection of a generally applicable tax on all
business conducted within the entity's jurisdiction.
OVERALL FINDINGS
All of the above furthe�exemplifies the catch-22 in which local public entities are caught, in
trying to reconcile the CUA and MMPA, on the one hand, and the CSA on the other, In light of
the existence of the CUA and the MMPA, and the resulting fact that medical marijuana is being
used by individuals in California, local public entities have a need and desire to regulate the
location and operation of inedical marijuana facilities within their ju�isdiction.6 �02
However,because of the divergent views of the CSA and California law regarding whether there
is any accepted "medical" use of marijuana, state and local legislators, as we11 as local public
entities themselves, could be subject to criminai liability for the adoption of statutes or
ordinances furthering the possession, cultivation, distribution, transportation(and other act
prohibited under the CSA)as to marijuana. Whether federal prosecutors would pu.rsue federal
criminai charges against state and/or local legislators or local public entities remains to be seen.
But,based on past practices of locally based U.S. Attorneys who have required seizuxes of large
amounts of marijuana before federal filings have been initiated, this can probably be considered
unlikely.
b Several compilations of research regarding the zmpacts of marijuana dispensaries have been
prepared by the Calzfoinia Poiice Chiefs Associa#ion and highlight some of the practical issues
facing local public entities in regulating these facilities. Links provided are as follows:
"Riverside County Office of the District Attorney," [White Paper,Medical Marijuana: History
and Current Compiications, September 2006];"Recent Information Regarding Marijuana and
Dispensaries [E1 Cerrito Police Department Memorandum, dated January 12, 2007, from
Commander M. Regan, to Scott C. Kirkland, Chief of Police]; "Marijuana Memorandum" [El
Cerrito Police Department Memorandum, dated April 18,2047,from Commander M. Regan,to
Scott C. Kirkland, Chief of Police]; "Law Enforcement Concerns to Medical Marijuana
Dispensaries" [Impacts of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries on communities between 75,000 and
100,000 population: Survey and council agenda report, City of Livennore].
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 39 All Rights Reserved
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CONCLUSIONS
In light of the United States Supreme Court's decision and reasoning in Gonzales v. Ra.ich,
the United States Supremacy Clause renders Caiifornia's Compassionate Use Act of 1996
and Medical Marijuana Program Act of 2004 suspect. No state has the power to grant its
citizens the right to violate federal law. People have been,and continue to be, federally
prosecuted for marijuana criines. The authors of this White Paper conclude that medical
marijuana is not legal under federal law, despite the current California scheme,and wait for
the United States Supreme Court to�ultimately rule on this issue.
Furthermore, storefront marijuana businesses are prey for criminals and create easily
iden#ifiable victims. The people g�rowing marijuana are employing illegal means to protec#
their valuable cash crops. Many distnibuting marijuana are hardened criminals.1o3 Several
i are members of stepped criminal street gangs and recognized organized crime syndicates,
while others distributing marijuana to the businesses are perfect targets for thieves and
robbers. They are being assaulted,robbed, and murdered. Those buying and using medical
' marijuana are also being victimized. Additionally, illegal so-cailed"medical rnarijuana
dispensarzes" have the potentzal for creating liability issues for counties and cities. All
marijuana dispensaries should generally be considered illegal and should not be permitted to
exist and engage in business within a county's or city's borders. Their presenee poses a clear
violation of federal and state law; they invite more crime; and they compromise the health
and welfare of law-abiding citizens.
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O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 40 Ai! Rights Reserved
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! ` 'U.S.Const..art.VI,c1.2. _ -_
� ' �U.S.Canst.,art.I,sec.8,cl.3. , : , ;
_ - : .
; : 3 Gonzale�v.Raich{2005}125 S.Ct:2195 at,p.2204. : ,
_ � � q Gonzales u Raich.'See also IJnited.States v:Oakland Canncrbis�3acyers Coope�atr.'ve(24
. ' Ql}121 �:Gt.
[ 1711, 171:$. .
.
5 Gonzales v.Raich(2405)12S S.Ct.2195;see alsa Utaited States v. 4akland Cannabis Bzcyets' -
t Caoperative.121.S.Ct.17I1: • '
i ,
� 6 Josh 1Vleyer&Scott Glover;"U.S.won'.�prasecute medical pot sales,".Los Angeles Tim.es,19 Mai-ch
; 2009,available af http://www.latimes:comli�.ews/Iocal/la-ine-�ned�otl9-2009mar19 0 49�7571 stoi•v �
� ' ' 'See;People v.MoweY(2002)2$Ca1.4th 457,463. �
,
i g Health and Safety Code section 11362.5(b)(l)(A}. All references hereaf�er to the Health and Safefiy
E Code are,by section number only: , :
` 9 H&S Code sec. 11362.5(a). _
, io H&S Code sec. 11362.7:et.seg.;:
.
__
zi H&S Code:sec. 11362.7. _ ,
. '2 H&S Code secs. 11362.7I–I1362.76. ' ,,. :
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i3�H&�Code s c:113b2.77. _ ; . � '
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� i�H&�Code sees. 11362.765 and 1136,2.775;Peopre v. Ut-ziceanzc(2005)132 Cal.App.4th 747 at p.786: .
� `� 'S H&S Code sec: 11362.77;whether or not#his seetion vzolates the Califainia Coi�s�i�ution is cux=z�ently . �
: �' ` �nder revievw by fhe=Califoniia Su�reme`Cou�:See People v.Kelly(2Q08)82 CaI:Rptr.3d 167 and People .
' v:F'homphakdy(20Q�}�5 Ca1.Rptr.3d 693. .
�b H&S Gode sees. 11357,,1135$,J:1359;1136Q,11366;1136b.5;and 11570. N ,
� �7 H&S Code sec.I l.362.7(h}gives a moxe comprehensive list--AIDS;anorexi�,ai-thritis,cachexia; : �
cancer,chronic pain,gIaueoma,anigraine,persistent muscle spasms,seizures,sevei�e nausea;and any othei-
chroiiic orpersistent medical symptom fhat either substantially iimits the ability of-a�pers�on lo conducf�az1e
or more life activitiPs(as de�ined in t��.e ADA}01-may cause serious 11ai•m ta tlze patient's safety or physical
'or mental;health'if not alleviafed. ' _ _
�s Peo�le v:Mov✓er(2402)28 Ca1.4th 457 at p.476.
_
; �9 Id.'Emphasis addede : , , '. .
'0 Packel,.4Ygafzization and Operation of Cooperatives,5#h ed. {Pfiiladelphia:American Law Instztute, `
_ : 1970);4-S. _
� z� Sam Stanton,"Pot CIubs,Seized Plants,New P�•esiden�—Marijuana's FutUre Is�-Iazy;" ,Scrc�amer�to :
; Bee,7 December 2008;19A,.: .
. , � .zz For a statewide list,see http://canonnl.org/pi•op/ebclisfi.htizZl. , , _
z3 Laura MeClure,"Fuming`Over the Pof Clubs;"CalifoYf�r.'a La�vye�1Vla`gazi�e,7uiie 2006.
ZQ H&5 Code sec.1 J.362.7b5�c);see,e.g:,People v..Ur�zicear2u,132 Cal:App:4tfi�47 af p.7b4:
� ` : zs Gonzole.�u.Raicl2;szcpra, 125 S.Ct.at page 2J.9S. `
; Z6 People v. Uizr'ceasaic{2005)132 CaI.App.4t11747;see also H&S,Code sec. 113b2.7b5. '
� 27 lsrael�Packel,4=5.`'Italics aclded: .
� za H&S Code sec. 1 i362.7{d)(1}, _ '
� Z9 See,e. McClure"Fumin OWer Pot Clubs,"Cali oY��ia Law e��Ma azine June 2006.
� g•, � .g f y g ,
3Q H&S Code secs. 11362:5(e)anci 11362 7{d)(l),(2),(3),and(e}; "see also People e.x r'G'I.LtlF2gYBI7 V,P23ro»
� {1997)59 Ca1.A�p:4tli 1383,I395, ' ,
� �'People v.Mawer, 2$Cal.4th at 476. Emphasis added.
E 32 Glenda Andez-san,"Laytonville Marijuana Guru Shot to Death:2 Others Beaten ir�Hotne;'No Suspects.but
Off cials BeIieve I�illing Related to Pot Grawzzlg,"Sat�ta Rosa P��ess De»�oc�at, 19 Nove�nbei;20�5, "
available at l�tt�:Hwwwl:tai•essdeznoc�•at.cam/apps/�bcs.dll/az�ticle?AID'=/200511 I9/NEWS(51119Q303/1Q33/
33"Medical Mai-ijuana Shap Robbed,"Sarzta Barbara;.Indeper�dei�t, 1Q August 200b,avaiIable`at ;
http://inde�elldent.co��n/news/2006/aug/IOJmedical-znar'ii_uazia sllo��robbed/ : "
34 Mark Sca1-amella,"No Good Deed Goes Uiipunished," Ar�dersor� Tlal.ley Ad.vet�tr'seY, 16 3tane 2004,
� available at l�ttp.//www.tl�eava.corn/0�/06I6-ce�•elIi.l�tn�l �
; ;
E "
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3s Ricci Graham,"Police Ar-i•est Suspect in Deadly San Leandro Pot Club Robbery,"Oakland Tribic»e,8
August 2006,available at http://fii�dai�ticles.cam/p/articles/mi qn4176/is 20060808/ai n16659257
36 Ricci Graham,"Man Faces Murder Cl�arge in Pot Robbeiy,"Oakland Tribic�ze,24 August 2005,
availabte at htt�://www.izighbeam.co�n/doc/1P2-7021933.htm1
37 Ricci Graham,"Another Medical Marijuana Clinic Robbed,"Oakland Tribtcne, 10 September 20Q5,
available at http://findarticles.com/p/a�-tzcles/mi c�n4176/is 20050910/ai nI5809189/uriz�t
38Laura Clark,"PQt Dispensary Owner Siain at Home." Ukiah Daily Joairnal, 19 Novernber 2007,available at
http://www.mariivana.com/drug-war-headline-news/24910-ca-pot-dispensary-owner-slain-hozne html
39 Laura Ctark,"Breaking News:Medical Marijuana Supplier Les Cra��e Killed,"Ukialz Daily.TouYnal, 19
Novembe�•2005;Laura Clark,"Les Crane Murder Investigation Continues," Ukiah Daily Jotc��r�al,27
November 2005;Glenda Anderson,"Laytonville Marijuana Guru Shot to Death,"Santa Rosa Press
Dernocrat, 19 November 2005;Glenda Anderson,"Pot Activist Likely Knew Killers:Police Believe Gunmen
Who Robbed Laytonville Man Familiar With Home,"Santa Rosa Press DemocYat,20 November 2005,
� available at http://www.equairi�hts4all.us/content/view/192/50/
40 Ma��k Scaramella,"The Mendo Pot Chronicles,"Anderson Valley Advertiser,3 October 2007,available at
http://www.theava.com/04/0616-cerelli.l�tml
' a'Kirk Johnson,"Killing HiglZlights Risk of Selling Marijuana,�ven Legally,"New York Times, 13 Ma�•ch
2007,available at
http:l/www.nvtimes.com/2Q07/03/02/us/02cannabis.html?ex=118188000Q&en=c609936094adda50&ei=5070
42 Tami Abdotlah&Richard Winton,"Pot Theft Claimed in Boy's Shooting Death,"Los�ingeles Times,23
January 2007,available at
http://www.californiapolicechiefs.or Inav files/mari�uana files/bellflower sl�ootiiz�death.pdf
a3 Will Bigham,"Claremont Marijuana Dispensary Burglarized,"Ifil.and Vall.ey Daily Bzclletif�,27 January 20Q7,
available at h;�//www.dailybulletin.com/ci 5104514
44 Planning Commission Agenda,available at l�ttp://www.elicerrita�ora;see also Alan Lopez,"EI Cerrito
Moves to Ban Uispensaries,"ContYa Costa Ti�nes,24 June 2006,available at
l�ttp:l/www.thc-minist, .ry net/foruz��/archive/el-cerrito-moves-to-ban-cannabis-clubs-6974.htm
45 Fred Ortega,"City Bans Outlets for Medica.l Marijuana,"Saj�Gabriel Yalley�'ribzcne, 17 August 2006,
available at
http://www.lca-uk.or�/lcaforum/viewto�ic.�l�p?f--6&t=2436&stai-l=0&sid=1 Sb6da115a0da43facb17644195cbb
46 Ortega.
`�'Greg Beato,"Pot Clubs in Peril:Are San Francisco Zoning Boards a�igger TYu-eat to Medical Marijuana
Than the DEA?"Reason Magazi��e,Februa�y 2Q07,available at
http://www.reason.cominews/show/I 18314.htanl;Craig T.Steckler,City of Fi-e�nont Police Depat-tmet�t
Memorandinn re Med.ical MaYijiraf�u Dispef�saries—Potentr.al SecoJzdary bnpacts,20 June 2006;Tim
Miller,Caty ofAnaheim Police Depat-tment:Spectul Operutions Divisiof�Memora�adzr»z f^e Medical
�laf�iji�arla Dispef�sa�y{MMD)Bara Ordir�af7ce, 13 June 2007.
48 Jeff McDonald,"15 Held isl Raids on Pot Stores,"Saf�Diego Uf�ion-Tribarne,7 July 2006,available at
l�ttp://www.si�noizsandiego.con�►/uniontrib/200b0707h�ews 7m7 ot.0 lztmi
4s McDonald;Beato.
so Cal.H&S Code sec. 11362.5.
51 Etllan Stewart,"The Medical Mai-ijuana Movement Grows in Santa Barbara:Einerald Dreams and
Smoky Realities,"Sarlta Barbara Indepe�ade�7t,3 May 2007,availlble at
http://independent.com/news/200%/rnay/03/medical-marijuana-movement-�rows-santa-barbara/;see also
Adam Ashton,"DEA Busts Pot Stol-e Day After Council Talk,"Modesto Bee,28 September 2006.
52 McDonald.
'3 Stewart.
s4 Stewart.
ss stewart.
s6 National Dru�InteJligence Cente��,Do»�cestic Ca���7abis Cultivatiofr Assessment 2007,February 20Q7;
available at htt�:/lwww.usdoj•gov/ndic/pubs2l/22486/;Jaxon Van Derbeken,Charlie Goodyear,&Rache]
Gordon,"3 S.F.Pot Clubs Raided in Probe of Organized Crime,"Sa�r Frai2cisco CIv-or�icle,23 June 2045,
ava.ilable at http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/Ob/23/MNGRODDG321.DTL;
LAPD rsport infoi•mation,2007.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 42 Ali Rights Reserved
����'`�*'s ` �r,��-��,-��s���Ft��:, �'�-� .� ,:. ;
�* �,.�r.. ;.. .�.��..,��.�:=' ' n i.
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[ ' $7 Van Dex•beken et al.
I . 5$Kate Heneroty,"Medical marijuana indictment,unsealed,"Jirrist,24 June 200S,;available.at � -
� - lltt�://iurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2005/06/medical-marijuana�ndictmentTunsealed�h�;Stacy Finz;"19�
� Named in Medicinai Pot I�ldzctment:More Than 9,300 Man,}uazaa Plants Were Seized in'Raids;"Sa�i -
Francisco ChYanicle,Z4 June 2005;auailable af . _
� ' ,
http://sf�afe.comlc�z-Uxza/article.c�i�file /e/a/Zfl05106/24BAGV9DEG4C1 DTL
� . � -
� : - $9 Organized Crime Behind`Medica]'Marijuana Dispensary ii�.California;"Pushingback. 29 September 2006,
available at http://�ushingback.coxn/blo�slpushzng back/archive/2006/fl9/29/79I.as�x;"Ash.tan.
� 6o'City of San Diega,CYil�ie Statistics,2007,available�at httt�://�vww sandieffo: ov-
; - b�Natioilal Drug Intelligence Genter,Maf ijzcana,Januaty 2Q01,available at http://www.usdoi.�ov
� � 6Z George Anastasia,"Viet Gangs an tlie Rise Again—The Emerging Amei�ican Under`warld—Gangs'
Flan.t=filled Houses a Growing Part of Dri.zg Trade,"C1iYoriicle of Ba�edom,1$April 2007.
�63 Wi11 Bigham,"Houses Linked,to.Asian Gangs,"InZand.T�alley Da.ily Biclletin,23 September 2007,
' ayailable at http:/lwww.dailvbulletin cam/newscim6980682 ,
; .- - . ,
b4 B'igl3arn,23 SepteZnber 2007. . ,
�5 Feds C�me.and Went .-Now What? Hurnbal.dt Coicfaty News,30 June 20{�8,available at _
Iltf�://news.humcount�cair�larclaives/200$I6 ` � �
�6 LAPD Report Number DR#0&fl625000, 16 Augixst 20q5,
67 LAPD Report Number DR#d60625001;�.&August 2006.` . .
6�Tim Miller,City of Anaheim Police Depa.rtmient:,�pecial Opera#ions Division IVlemorandum re �
� Marijuana Dispensary{MMD)Ban Ordinance,25 October 2006;`Johnson;Craig T.Steckler,City of . � �
..
� Fremont Palice Department;Merno�•a�idum re 1Vledical Mai-iJuana Dispensaries-Fotential Secondary
Impacts;20 June 2406". � '. x
� �9 Stewart.
-ro Jolanson. . - ' �
71 Ashton. �
72"What has the.U:S:DEA said abou#medica]marijuana?"Medical Marijuana PraCon.oz�g;2005;"What
� ' has federal law e�lfoz•cement said about medical ma�-ijuana?"Meaical Marijuana ProCon:org:,2009,
i ._.F . . . . . : . . . ... .
available at htt�://medicahnarijuana.procon:or�/viev�answers.as�?c�uestionIIY77=000630 �
.
73 7im Avii.a,"1VIai•ijuana McMansiol�.s:Co�as Say Organzzed Crime Is�ending Families Tnta tlle Subu.rbs to °
Graw Marijuana,"ABC News, 14 June 2007,available at http://abciaews.go.camlt�rint?id=3242760
74 AviIa;Ana.sfas�a;"DEA Raids Miatni Grow House,"CBSS.com,30 ApriJ 20Q8,available at , _
� , � htf�:%/cbs5_:con7/i�atioilal/dea.raid:miaziu 2.712�581itr��zl ` _ `
�
7'Ailastasia.
7b Bigham,23 September 2Q07;Ethan Baron,"Angel Linked to Grow-op,"T7ie PYovitzce(CN�C),22 May
2045,available at httt�://www.n�.a�iric.org/newstcl/vQ5/n823/a02.htm1
. ' ��Bigl�am,23 Se}�telnber 2407.
's Bigham,23 September 20Q7. ,
79 Heatller Allen,"Mai-ijuaz�a C`n-ov✓Houses Flot.ui5h as Soutlxwest Florida Market Drops,"HeraidTi•ibune.com,Z4 July
° 2007,available at Ilt#t�:/Iwv�rw:heraldtribune.com/articie/20070724INEWS/707240�98 � '
`8°Eric I3ailay ai-�d Tim Reiterinan,"Where Mary Jai�e is tl�e_girt next daor,"Los.Rt7.geles Tzmes,.31 May .
2008,available at Ilttp://articles.Iatimes coinlZQ08lmay/3 i/Iacal/�ne-pot31 -
s f Euz•eka I3ouse Fiz•e tlle Result of You-knaw-what,"I�i��nl�oldt Cozcnty News,7 September 2008,available_
at ht_ t�://net�s huincauntv.com/;writtei�'a•emarks of At•cata Police Chief Raz�dy Mer7dosa, 1 March 2009.
�2 Jesse McI�i�aley,"Ivlarijuana Ho�bed Retreats an Medicinal Use;".RTew York Ti.���es,9 June 20d9, .
; availahle at i�ttp://www.nytimes.corri/2008i06/09/us/pot.l7fm�?_i=1&em&ex=1213329
' S'De�uti;es:Fire Damages Holiday Marijuana G��ow i�ome,tampabay.cam, 1 S February 2008,availabie at,.
htt�:1/b10 s.� tam}�aba.y.com/breakiil ilews/20Q8/0�./haliday-fire-ma html
S�Don Ru�ne,"G�•ow Houses Can Impact Utility Bills;Public Safety,"News-pr-ess.com, 12 April 200$,
� avai l able at
I�tt :/� /ww«�.news-�iess.coln/au�s/pbes.dlI/a.l�ticie?AID=/200$0412/NEWS0103/80412Q394
s'"DEA R�ids Mia�ni Grow Hause."
sb Sandy Louey,"Arrests Take Toll on Local Gang,"The SacYa.��7erzto Bee; 14 August 200$,available at
11tt�;//www.sacbee.com/elk���!e/v=print/storv/11523101�tm1
s'Avila. .
4 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 43 A!I Rights Reserved
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88 Scott Glover,"Morro Bay Pot Dispensary Owner Found Guilty of Federal Charges,"Los Angeles Times,6
August 2008,available at httn://ai-�icles.latimes.com/2008/aug/06/locaVme-pot6
8�Bailey and Reiterman.
90 Janis Ramsay,"Special Report:Grow-op House Can Stili Be Dream Home:Realtor Says,"T7ie Barrie
Advance,25 August 2Q08,available at http:IIWWW.mapinc.or�dru�news/v08/n818/a06.htm1
91 Avila. �
92 Bailey and Reiterman.
93 Steve Davis,"Grow Security,"Cannabis Caclture Magazine,6 August 2004,available at
http://www.cannabisculture.com//articles/3441.html
94 Bailey and Reiterman.
95 See People v. Urziceanzc,132 Cal.App.4th 747.
g6 City of Pleasant Hili Presentation to Its Planning Commission by Planning Division Staff on April 24,2047.
97 Office Consolidation:By-law 3b1-2004 of the City of Brampton,Ontario,Canada.
9$Bill McColtum, "Landmark 13i11 Targeting Marijuana Grow Houses Becomes Law,"Attorney Genera.l Bill
McCollurn News Release, 17 June 2008,available at
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g9"Asian Gangs Move G�•ow-ops,"The Asian�'acific Post,27 September 2007,available at
htt��://www.asianpacificpost.com/Uortal2/ff8080811548063fU115482441d00003 asian �gs move row
�s.do.html
�oo see Asian Gangs Move Grow-ops.
101 See"Does Marijuana Contribute to Psychotic Illnesses?"Czarrent Psychiatry Online 6(2),February 2Q07.
102 See,e.�,htt ://www.california�alicechiefs.or /g nav files/research/ordinances.html
'03 National Drug Intelligence Center.
O 2009 California Police Chiefs Assn. 44 All Rights Reserved
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O 2009 California Police Ghiefs Assn. 49 All Rights Reserved
<
�� �
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_ - O���E QF��1�#�ITI�II'�I`����I,,�I��ElV`I'
f
''' CI I'Y I�ALL
10300 TORRE A�i�TUE � �UFERTINQ�CA 95014-3255
(408)777-33Q8 • F1�X(4Q8�7��3333 � �Iannin�@cu�ertino.or�
��
: PLAI�ININ C ISSI l� SPTAFF E O PT
A��nd�It�m Nom 4 .A:�encta I�atee l�Tovember°24, 2015
SLJ�JECTo
Adoption of amendments to the Cupert�no 1VIunlcipal Cocle prohibiting marijuar�a
cultivation, dispensaries, ancl deliveries ancl comme�cial cannabis activities within the
City of Cupertinoo (1�pplication. l�To,e NICA-2015=01; Applicant: City of Cupertino;
Locationo City-wide) :
RECOli�l�l[ENI�A'I'IOl�
Staff recommends that the Planning Commission recoxnmend that the City Council
adopt an Ordinance of the City Coun.cll of the City of Cupertino arn.ending �ection
19s08,030 and adding Chapter 1909� of. 'Title 19 to the Ctxpertino �/Iunicipal Code
I�egarcling Medical �/Ia�ijuana I�ispensaries, 1Vlarijuana Cult�vation F�C111t1.eS,
COIY1.1`Tl2TCI1I C1I�l��IS ACtIV1t1eS, a.11C�IVIC'C�L1CaI IVIa.T1�11a111 D�IIVer12S.
I�ISCLTSS�O�T
�ack�round
On October 9 2015, Governor �rown signed three new Iaws relating to medical
marijuana, Assembly Bills 243 and 266 ancl Senate �ill 643a These bills create a broad
state regulatory and Iicensing system governing the cultiva�.on, testing, and
distribution of inedical marijuana, the rnanufac-turing of marijuana products, and
physician recommendations for nl.edical ma�°ijuana. Under the new Iegislation, state
Iicenses and Iocal permits will be required for a11 facets of the medical rnarijuana
industry:
■ AB 243 establishes the I�epartment of�ood and Agriculture (I�FA) as the Iicensing
and regulatory authority for medical rnarijuana culti.vation. Any person who
wishes to engage in commercial cuitivation of inedical marijuana must obtain a
��
� '�
MCA-2015-01 1Voveinber 24,2015
Page2
state license from. the I��l�o 1�� 243 also requires (1) the I��A to vvork with other
state agencies to develop e�.vi�onmental protection standards, (2) the I�epartment
of Pestic�.de I�egu,lation to establish�nedical marijuana pesticide standard.s, ancl (3)
the Department of Public I�ealth to create standa�°ds for labeling of marijuana
edibles,
■ 1�� 266 creates the�ureau of IVledical 1Vlari�uana IZegulation within the I�epart�xi.ent
of Consumer 1�ffai�s (I�C1�) to develop regulations anci issue state Iicenses for
medical n�arijuana dispensarYes, d.istributors, and transporterso A� 266 designates
the Departm:ent of I'ublic �-Iealth as the Iicensing and �egulatory authorYty for
manufactttrers of ma�°ljtxana products and medical mari�tzana testing laboratories.
L,ike A.� 243, A.� 266 �equires all sfate marijuana license ap�licants to comply �vith
1oca1 permitting requi�ementsa
� S� 643 establishes stanclards for physicians that recommend rnedieal marijuana,
including dYscipline for phys�cians �vho recommencl excessive amounts. S� 643
also creates stanc�ards for state license applicafions an.d enforcem.ento
Taken together, the new legislation creates tlle Nledical 1VIarijuana Safety and
IZegulation .A.ct, which cornmences at�usiness and Professions Cocle section 19300o The
new legislat�on presexves 1oca1 control over marijuana facillties and land uses, including
the authority to proh.ibit dispensaries and other medical rnarijuana businesses
completeiy.
I Iowever, t�vo provisions in the new legislafion require eonsideration by citiese
1 a If a city or coun-ty does not have a Iand use ordinance o�° regulation prohibiting
medical marijuana cultivat�on, either expressly or otherwlse, under principles of
permissive zoning, chooses not to implement a regulatory scheme, then
commencing`1Vlarch 1, 2016, the state Department of Foocl and Agricultu�e will
become the sole Iicensing authority for cultivafi.on ap�licants in that jurisdiction
(�Iealth and Safe�y Cocle section 11362e777(c)(4), part of A� 243.) tJnder that
scenario, a cit-y may not be able to regulate or coritrol cultivat�on sites operating
with a state Iicensea
2,, 1V�edical marijuana deliveries can only be made by a state-Iicensed dispensary in a
cYty, county, or city and county that does not explicitly prohibit it by local
ordinance (�txsiness and Professions Code section 19340(a), part of AB 2660)
Therefore, in order for a city o�° county .-to prohibit medical rnarijuana delivery
services by a dispensary, it will need to enact an express ban.
Once;1�� 243, A� 266, and 5� 643 a�e fully implementecl, it is anticipated that the Ci�y
will receive more inquiries regardin.g meclical rnarijuana businesses. T'he Cupertino
�1VICA-2015-01 November 24,2015
Page 3
1!/Iunicipal Code does not list medical mari�uana dlspensaries, cultivafi.on sites, and
othe�° marijuana establishrnents as either° permitted o�° conclitionally-permittec� land
usese Such activgties, �'�l.erefOY°�, 'clre ��°0�11.1b1teC� UriCler t�l..��T1riC1�IeS O��C'r1111SS1Ve Z0111rig
(any use not enumeratecl is deemect p�ohiblted)o
I)ISCLTSSIOl�a
'The proposecl code amendzn.ents �nrill codlfy the City's exist�ng land use policies �nd
ensure that the City d.oes not lose the ability to regulate or prohibit cultivat�on sites and
delivery services Yn the futuree
'The proposecl code amendments would exp�°essly prohib�t the followingo
1. l�/Ied�.cal marijuana dispensaries and delivex°ies, except a "qual�f�ed pa�.ent" or a
"�J�°I111�r� CaY°2g1�T�r" f�'aYlS�JJOTt7.1'lg' %Yle�1CaI lYl.a.rl�Ualla. 11.�1C���° I11111�C'CI CIrCU111Sta11.CC'S
and in compllance wYth state law, a.riC� C2�t1111 f 1C1I1t1eB Sl�.C�1.1S �lOS�91C�S, reS1C�Le�itla�
care facilit�es as those fac�lities can provlde me,ctical cax°e o� supportive services for
"C�U1I1f1CC� �JJ��1�11tS�� under state law,
2. li/IariJuan.a CUIt1.Va.tlOrl �c'�C1IIt12S, eXC��3t a. qU1I1f1eC� �a�1C'11$ cult�vating rn.edical
ma�°ijuana for his or her personal use at his o�°her pr�lxl.a�°y residence, and
3e "Commercial cannabis activities," which is a texm int�oduced by the new state
Iegislat�on and inciudes marijuana cultivafi.on, rnanufacturing of marijuana edlbles
and reia�ted products, dlstrlbutors, t�°ansporters, marijuana test�ng facllities, and
dispensa�ies.
The proposed code amend�nents include a11 of the potential rn.a�°ljuana businesses that
could possibly opel ate under the new state law in order to avoid a piecexn.eal regulatory
approach in which certain xnari�uana businesses are banned expressly �vhYle others are
prohibited uncler pe�missive zoning principlese Furthermore, express land use
prohibitions will benefit the public by providing clear guidelines regarding the scope of
prohibited conduct and minimize the potential for confusion regarding tlle City's
�JOIICICSe
The Callfornia Supreme Court has unanimously rulecl, in City of Riverside v. Inland
EmpiYe I'atients Health and Wellness Center, Inc. �(2013) 56 Ca1.4th 729, that the
Compassionate Use 1�ct (Proposition 215) ("CLTA"j and the �/Iedical l�/Iarijuana Program
A.ct of 2004 ("�/T1VII'1�") do not preempt local zoning regulations that co�npletely and
permanently ban medical marijuana dispensaries, collectives, and cooperatives, nor do
they require cities to accommodate medical rnarijuana facilifles in any waye
r
`� ;
1
1VICA.-2015-01 1Vovember 24,2015
Page 4
A.� 243 expressly pexmits cities to enact a ban on cultivat�on activ�t�es and in addition,
the Court of .Appeal, in Ma�al v. City of Live Oak (2012) '221 Calel�ppe4th 975, has upheld
a coYxl.plete ban on c�.tltivation activltiese
I.VI111� CallfO�°1111 cities have experienced nega-tive seconciary effects from medical
marljuana businesses, 111CIUC�111g C�IS�3C'riSa�'IeS, CU1t1Vc1t10I1 facill�.es, and delTvery
services, as demonstratect by the'attached 2009 wh�te paper f�om the Caiifornia Police
Chiefs Association (.A.ttachment 2), the 2014 memorandum from fhe Santa Clara Coun-ty
I�istrict 1�ttorney (1�ttachments 3), ancl various �.ews stories f�°om th�°ougho�.t the stateo1a
These negative impacfs have zncluded unsafe construction and electrieal wiring,
noxious fumes and odors, and Increasecl crime in and around mariJuana establishm.ents.
�/Iany comxnunit�es have also had proble�ns with meclical r.�.arijuana being divex°fed to
minors for recreat�onal useo The proposed code a�nendments a�e intended to address
these issues and p�otect the public health, safety, and weifareo The proposed code
arn.endments would not preven-t the City from allo�ving medical marijuana businesses
in the fu.turee
ENVII�C�I�I�EI�'I'1�L 1�S�ESSIVIE�TT
The proposed Ox°dinance is not a p�°o�ect within the meaning of sect�on 15378 of the
California Envi�°onrnental C,�uality Act ("CEQ.A") Guiclelines because it has no potential
for resulting in. physlcal change in th.e environment, either drrectly or ulf�in.atelye In the
event that this Ordinance is found to be a project under CEC,�1�, it is subJect to the CEC,�A
exemption contained in CEQA Guidelin.es section 15061(b)(3) because 1t can be seen
with certainty to have no possibility of a significanf effect on the envr�°onment.
1Voticin�
The following noticing has been conducted.
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■ Legal ad placed in newspaper ` ■ Posted on the City's official notice
(at least 10 days prior to hearing) bulletin board �five days prior to
: hearing)
�' Posted on the City of Cu�ertino's
Web site �five days prior to hearing)
l�E�C�I' S'�'EPS
The recommendations made by the Planning Comn�ission wY11 be for�varded to the City
Council for consideration.
: � <. � �� ;
� ��
�
MCA-2015-01 1Vovember 24,2015
Page 5
P�epared by: Adam Petersen, Sen�or Planner
I�eviewed by: A.pproved by:
/s/Piu Ghosh /s/Aarti Shrivastava
Piu Ghosh. Aa�ti Shrivastava
P�incipal Planner 1�ssistanf City Nlanager
ATTACHMENTS
1 - I�raft Resolution of -�he Planning Commission recommending adopfion of the I�raft
Ordin.ance
2-2009 California Police Chiefs 1�ssociat�on ViThite I'aper IZeport
3 -2014 Santa Clara County District Atto�°ney s Office�/Iemorandum
1 See,for example,UCLA Medical 1Vlarijuana Research(August 10,2015),Places zvith More Marijuana
Dispensaries have moYe 1Vlarijuana-Related Hospitadizations;CBS News,lVlonterey(September 28,2015)Police
Arrest Suspect in Armed Robbery of Medical Marijuana Delivery Driver.
; ; � �
� � � � �� ��� ,..��` �
�����'��5�������
IZESOL�J'I'ION O� 'I'HE PLANl�TING COl�1VIISSION O� 'T�IE CI'TY O�
CLTPEIZ'I'INO IZECOI�IIVIENI�ING 'I' AT T'I�E CIT'Y COLTNCIL 1�I�OPT' 1�1�
Ol�DIN�INCE 1�MEl�I�I1�G SECTION 19e0�o�301�►.N1� �iDI�ING C 1�P'TEIZ 19.9� O�
rI'ITLE 19 O� T�IE CLTPE TINO TJNICIPA.L CODE I�EGAIZI�ING MEI�ICA.L
MA.IZIJIJ�►.N� ISPENS�.I�IES, I�A.IZIJIJ1�l�A CIJL'i'IVI�TION FACILIT`IES,
CO MERCIAL CA.N�TA.�IS ACTIVIT'IES,AND MEDICI�L 1VIAI�IJLTAN,1�
I�ELIVElZIES
W�IEIZEAS, pu�°suant to Government Code sect�ons 65854 and 65855, -�h.e Planning
Commission has the aUtI10�'1� t0 reVI��V and make recommendafions fo the City
Council regarding amend�n.en.ts to the Cifiy's zoning ordlnances; an.cl,
TnT�IEI�E�1S, the City providecl alI necessary Iegal not�ces for to hold a public hearing at
whlch the amendment to the City's zoning ordinances would be conslclerecl; and
yVI-3EIZE1�5, on l�Tovember 24, 2015, the Planning Co�nmission held a noticed public
hearing at which interested pe�sons had an opportunity to tes�ify in support of� OY' 111
opposit�on to, the p�°oposect amendment to the City's zoning ordinance and at which
time the I'Ia�.n.ing Commission considered the proposed amendrnent to the Ci-ty's
zoning ordYnance; and
WI�EIZEI�S, fhe City has analyzed this proposed zoning amendment ancl determined
that it is not a project w�th.in the me�ng of section 15378 of the California
Environmental C,�uality 1�ct ("CEC,�1-�") Guidellnes because it has no poten�ial for
resultrng in physical change in the environment, either directly or ultimately, and
WHEI�Et�.�, in the event that this proposed amendment is found to be a project under
CEQA, 1t IS subject to the CEC�1� exemption contained in CEC,�A C�st11C�eI111CS section
15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty to have no possibility of a significant
effect on the environment; and
tiV�-IEREA.�, attached as Exhibit A is the proposed Ordinancee
I�OyV, T'HEIZE�OIZE, the I'Ianning Commission of the City of Cupertino does hereby
resolveo
SEC'�'ION �o FII�I�INGS. The. I'lanning Com.mission, 1n l�ght of the whole record
before it and any other evidence (�vithin the meaning of I'ublic I�esources Code Sections
� � � � �� ��
21080(e) and 210�2e2) wlthin fhe x°eco�°d o�° provided at the public hearing of this matter,
hereby finds and determines as followsa
1. The p�oposed O�dinance conforms with the latest adopted genexal plan for
t112 C1�T lri tllat 1 �rO�llbltlOri ag111'iSt 111CC�L1C1� 111.a�°1JL1�11c1 C�15�J211Sc1r1eS, marijuana
cul�ivat�on facilit�es, commercial cannabis activlt�es, and med.lcal marijuana
clelivery S�TV1CeS does not conflict with any allowable uses in the land use
element and does not conflict with any policies or programs in any other elen�ent
of the general plana
20 'The proposed Ordinance will protect �tl�.e public health, safety, and welfare
and promote the orderly development of the City in that prohibiting medlcal
marijuana dlspensaries, marijuana cult�vat�on facilit�es, commercial cannabis
act�vifi.es, and medical marljuana delivery services w1II protect the C1ty frorr�. the
adverse lmpacts and nega�ive secondary effects connectecl with these activ�ties.
3o The proposed Ordinance is consistent with 1!/Itxnicipal Code Title 19, which
curren.tly bans medical n�.ax°ljuana clispensar�.es, rnarijuana cultivation facilities,
commercial cannabYs activit�es, and medreal lnarijuana clelivery services uncler
princlples of permisslve zoningo
4. CEC�A: The proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of
secfion 15378 of the Califor�ia Envi�°onmental C,�u.ality 1�ct ("CEQA") Guideiines
because it.has no poten�.al_for result�n� 1n physi.cal change in..the environrnent,
either di�°ectly or ultimatel�e In the event that this Ordinance is found to be a
project under CEQA, it is subject to the CEQ1� exemption contained in CEC,�A
Guidelines section 15061(b}(3) because-it can be seen with certain� to have no
possibillty of a signifrcant effect on the environmente
5EC`I'ION 20 1�PPROV�L. The Planning Commission approves this Resolution
recommending thaf the C1ty Council adopt the proposed Ordinance which is attached
hereto and incorporated herein by�eference as Exhibit 1�,
AYES:
l�TOES:
1��STAIIV:
1��SElVT.
ADOPTEI�:
� � ;. �
� � � � �
1�tteste CIT�1'OF CIJPEI�TIl�TO
PYu Ghosh. ViTlnnie Lee
P�incipal Planner Plannrng Co�nmission Chair
� LI .
E?C�II�IT A.
OI�DII�ANCE NO. 1�m
A.N OIZI�INA�TCE OF 'I'I�E CITY COIJI�CIL O�T�-IE CITY O� CLTPERTINO
A.IVIENI�ING SEC'TIOl� 19o0�s�30 Al�TI� AI�DI�TG C A.PT'El�1909� OF T'I'�'LE 19 O�
T�iE CLTPEIZT'INO l�/IIJ�TICIPA.L COL)E I�EGI�:IZDING 1VIEI�ICAL MARIJLTAl�TA
DISPE�TS�.I�IESo Al�IJLJI�.NA CLTLTIVI�'TION FACILI'I'IESo COl�I�EIZCIAL
CAl�NA.�IS 1�C'I'IVITIES,ANI� 1VIE�ICAL 1VII�IZIJ�JA:NA I�ELIVEIZIES
��-IE:�EAS, in 1970, Congress enactecl the Cont�°olled 5ubstances Act (CS.�)
which, among other things, makes i.t illegal to import, manufacture, drstrlbute, possess
or use marijuana�n the Uni�ted Stateso; and
W�IEREAS, in 1972, Callfornia added Chapter 6 to the state �Tniform Controlled
Substances .Act, commencing at �Iealth and Safe-ty Code section 11350, which
established the stafe's prohibltion, penalties, and punishments fo�° the possession,
cultivation, transportation, and distribut�on of marijuana; and
vVI�EIZEA.S, in 1996, the voters of the State of California approved Proposition
215 (the "CUA;" California l�ealth and Safety (H&S) Code 5ection 1136205 et seqe); and
�iTHEREAS, California courts have held that the CLTA created.a limi�ted exception
from criminal liability for seriously ill persons who are in need of�n.edical marijuana for
specified inedical purposes and �vho obtain anct use medical marljuana under Iixnitecl,
specified circumstances; an.cl
WI�EIZEAS, On January 1, 2004, the- state Legislature enacted "Medical
1Vlarijuana I'rogram" (1!/IMl'), codified as California Health and Safety Code sections
11362.7 to 11362.�3, to clarify the scope of the CUA, establish a voluntary prog�°am for
iclentifica-�on cards issued by counties for qualified pat�ents and primary caregivers,
and provide criminal rmmunity to qualified patients and primary caregivers for certain
act�vities involving medical marijuana, including the collective or cooperat�ve
cultivation of inedical marijuana; and
WHEI�EAS, the California Supreme Court ruled unanimously in City of Riverside
v. Inland Empire Patients Hea�th and Wellness Center, Inca (2013) 56 Cai.4th 729, that the
CUA and �h.e 1VIlVII' do not preempt local ordinances that completely and permanently
ban medical m.arijuana dispensaries, collecfives, ancl cooperatives; and
� � ��
� �
�VHEIZEAS, in Maral ve Cit� of Live Oak (2013) 221 Ca1.1�.ppe4th 975, the Third
I�1Str1Ct COUT$ of A.ppeal held, based on Inland Empire, that the�°e was no right to
cult�vate meclical marijuana and that a city could iYnplern.ent and enforce a complete
ban on thls activity, including a ban on personal cul�vat�on, and
W�-IEIZEAS, on October 9, 2015, Governo�° �rown signed Assembly �ills 243 and
266 anct Senate �iil 643, which taken together create a broad state reguiatory and
licensing system governing the cult�vation, testing, and distribution of inedical
marijuana, the manufacturing of marijuana products, and physician recorrtmendations
for meclical marljuana, and provide immun�ty to marl�uana businesses operati.ng �nrith
both a state llcense and a 1ocal perrx�.it; and
yVI�EI�EA�, wh11e the new Iegislation. expressly preserves local control over
medicai marijuana facilrties and land uses, incl�xcling the authori-�yy to prohibit al1
medical mariJuana businesses and euitivafi.on completely, newly-added�-Iealth �Safety
Code section 11362.777(c)(4) provicles that if a city does not have a land use regulation
or ordinance regulating or prohibit�ng ma�°ijuana cultivafi.on, either ex�xessly or
otherwise under principles of permissive zoning, or chooses not to administer a
conditional permit prog�°am undex that section, then commencing 1\/Tarch 1, 2016, the
state T�epartment of Food and Agriculture will become the sole licensing authority for
rnar�juana cultivation in that jurisdict'ion; and
�/VI�EIZEA�, under newly-add.ed California �t�siness and Professions Cocle.
section 19340(a), if a city wants to prevent medical rn.ariJuana C�eI1�T2rI2S within its
jurisdiction, it must adopt an ordinance expressly p�ohibit�ng them; and
WHElZEA�, medical marijuana businesses, drspensaries, cultivation activities,
and deliveries are not Iisted in the Zoning Code as either permitted ox° conditionally-
permitted land uses and are, th.erefore, prohibited under the City's permissive zoning
provisions, as set forth in 1Vlunicipal Code sections 19a04o030 and 19.04e050 (City of
Corona v. Naulls (2008) 166 Ca1.App.4�418, 431-433); and
WHEREA�, the City Council has determined that express 1Vlunicipal Code
provision regarding medical marijuana dispensaries, marijuana cultivation facilities,
commercial cannabis activifies, and m:edical marijuana deliveries will benefit the public
by providrng clear guidelines regarding the scope of prohibited conduct and minimYze
the potential for confusion regarding the Ci-ty's policies, ancl
WI-iElZEt�S, many California communities have experienced adverse impacts
and negative secondary effects from medical marijuana establishments and cultivation
� I
sltes, ineluding hazarclous construction, unsafe electr�.cal vvirrng, n.oxious odors and
fumes affecting neighboring prope�°ties and businesses, increasect crime in and around
such land uses, and the diversion of inedical marljuana to minors; and
tilTI-�EREAS, there is s�gnif�cant evidence that rnedical rriarijuana delivery
servlces are also ta�°gets of vlolent crin�e and pose a dange�°to the publlc; and,
yVI�EREAS, the staff report presented to the Cl� COUriC1I identifies other
negafi.ve impacts from unregulated marijuana which are incorporated herein, ancl
yVI-�El�EAS, it is reasonable to conclude that medical marijuana clispensaries,
mariJuana cultivat�on facilities, cominercial cannabis activit�es, and �n.edlcal marljuana
dellveries could cause sim�la�° aclverse impacts on the public health, safety, and welfare
in Cupertino; and
WI�EI�EAS, 1n order to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, the City
Council desYres to add Cupertino �/Iunicipal �ocle Chapter 19a9S �O prO�1.1�It, in express
terms, medical mari�uana dispensaries, mariJuana cultivation facilities, cornmercial
C�YlI1abIS a.CtIVItIC'S, and medical marijuana c�eliveries; and
W�-iEREA�, the State regulation anct licensing as contemplatecl in Assembly �ills
243 and 266 and Senate�i11643 have not yet taken effect nor been implemented, and the
City Councll desires to preserve Iocal control over these tzses; ancl
WI�EREAS, the City Council of the C�t�r of Cupert�no is the decisYon-making
body for this Ordlnance; anci
WI�ElZEAS, the proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of
section 15378 of the California Environ.mental C,�uality Act ("CEC,�A") Guidelines
because it has no potential for resulting in physical change in the environment, either
directly or ultimately. In the event`that this Ordinance is found to be a project under
CEC�A, it is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEQA Guidelines section
15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty to have no possibility of a significant
effect on the envi�onment,
tiVI�E�E�.S, the City Council has reviewed and considered the not a project and
exemption determination uncler the California Environmental C,�uality Act prior to
taking any approval actions on this Ord.inance and approves such determinations; and
,
� �
NOWo TI-3EIZE�OIZEo THE CITY CO�JNCIL O� TI�E CITY O� CLTPEI�ZTIl�O
I�OES �IEIZE�Y O1ZI�AIN.AS FOLLOWSa
SEC'I'ION 10 Cupertino l�/Iunicipal Cocle section 19e0�e030C of Chapter 1900� of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definitions placed lnto alphabetical order:
"Corn.mercial cannabis activity" shall have the rn.eanin.g set forth. in California �usiness
and Profession.s Code section 19300e5(k)o
"Ctxltivation" means any activity involving the plant�ng, growing, harvesting, drying,
curing, grading, or trimming of marijuanaa
�ECTION 2, Cuperfi.no�/Iunicipal Cocle section 19eQ8e030I of Chapter 19008 of T1tie 19 is
amended by adcling the follo�ving def�nlf�on placed into alphabetical o�cler:
"Identification Carcl" shall have the same meaning as set forth in California l�ealth and
Safety Code Section 11362a7, ancl following, or as may be amendeda
SEC'I'IOl� 3o Cupertino l�/Iunicipal Code section 19.O�a0301VI of Chapter 19°08 of Title 19
is amended by adding the following definit�ons placecl into alphabetical oxder:
"1Vlarijuana" means alI parts of the plant Cannabis, �vhefher growing or not; -the seeds
thereof; the xesin extracted frorn. any part of th� plant; and every con�pound
manufacture, sa1t, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seecls or resln. It
includes mari�uana infused. in. foods-tuff, and concentrated cannabYs and the separated
resin, whether crude or petrifiecl, obtained from inariJuana, It does not include -�he
mature stalks of the plant, fibe� produced from the stalks, oiI or cake made from the
seeds of the plant, any othex compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mix-tu.re, or
preparation of the mature stalks (except resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oYl, or cake, or
the sterilized seeds of the plant that are incapable of germination.
"1Vledical marijuana" is marijuana used for medical purposes where that medical use Ys
deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician vvho has determined
that the person's health would benefit from the use of marijuana in the treatment of
acquired immune deficiency syndrom.e ("AII�S"), anorexia, arthritis, cancer, chronic
pain, glaucoma, migraine, spasticity, or any other serious medical condition for which
marijuana is deemed to provicle relief as defined in subsection (h) of California �Iealth
and Safety Code � 11362e7a
. .. ._; ., � :; . -:' . ::;, i . �-: :: � :, . .;.
�
�
"IViariJuana cult�vation facillty" means any business, facility, �xse, establishment,
property, or location where the cultivation of �narijuana occurse A "marijuana
cultivation facility" cloes not includ.e a "qualified patient's" prlma�~y residence provided
such cultivation of "medical marijuana" is for his or her pe�°sonal rnedical use and he or
she does not provide, donafe, sell, or distribute marijuana to any other persone
"lilledical m.arijuana dispensary" rneans any business, facility, use, establishment,
pxoperty, or Iocation, whether fixed or mobile, where medYcal max°Yjuana is sold, made
available, delivered, transported, and/or clistributed. l-� "rxted.ical marijuana dispensary"
does not inclucle the foilowing uses.
a. .A. "qualified patient" transporting "m.ed.ical marijuana" exclusively for his or her
personal medical use ancl he or she cloes not provide, donate, sell, or distribute
marYjuana to any other person,
be A "primary caregiver" delivering or transporting "medical marijuana" for the
personal xnedical purposes of no more than five specified "qualified patients" for
whom he or she is the p�°imary caregiver within the meaning of Section 11362.7
of the California l-�ealth and Safety Cocle, but who does not receive remuneration
fo�° these act�vit�es except for compensafion in full compliance wlth subdlvision
(c) of Section 11362.765 of the Califor�.ia l-�ealth and. Safety Code.
ce A clinic Iicensed pursuant to Chapter 1 of I�ivision 2 of the Califorxua�Iealth and
Safefy Code,
do A health care facility licensed pursuant to Chapter 2 of Division 2 of the
California�Iealth and Safety Code;
ee A residential care facrli-ty for �ersons with chronic life-threatening illness
Iicensed pursuant to Chapter 3001 of Divlsion 2 of the California l-iealth and
Safety Code;
fa 1� residential care facility for the elderly 1Tcensed pursuant to Chapter 3e2 of
California l�ivision 2 of fhe I�ealth and Safety-Code; or
ge A residential hospYce, or a hor�,e health agency licensed pursuant to Chapter 8 of
Division 2 of the California l-iealth and Safety Code.
SEC'I'I(�l� 4o Cupertino 1Vlunicipal Code section 19e08v030P of Chapter 19v08 of Title 19
is amendecl by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical order:
"Pri�nary caregiver" shall have the sam.e m.eaning as set forth in California Health and
Saf et� Code Sections 11362.5, 11362.7, and following, or as may be amended.
SEC'I`IOI� 5o Cupertino l�/Iunicipal Code sect�on 19.O�o030C,� of Chapter 19008 of Titie 19
is amended by adding the following definition placed into alphabetical ordero
: :
I
�
"'C,�ualifled patient" sha11 have the same meanin� as set forth in California l�ealth and
Safety Code Sections 11362.5, 11362e7, and following, or as may be amencledo
SECTIOl� 6e 'Title 19 of the Cupert�no 1Vlunicipal Code is hereby arn.ended to add
Chapter 19.98 to be nurnbe�°ed, entitled, and to read as follows:
C�-IA�PTEI� 19e98 I!/Iedical Mari�uana
19.9�0010 I'urpose
19a98.020 Prohibitlons
1909�.030 Enforcerrtent
19o9�v010 Purposeo The pu�pose and intent of this section is to prohlbit med.ical
marijuana dispensaries, m.arijuana culf�vation faciliti.es, medical marijuana deliveries,
and commercral cannabis activities, as'definecl in Chapter'19.08, I�efiniti.ons, �vithin the
C1� 1117i1tSe It is xecognized that Yt is a Federal vloiation`under the Controlled Substances
Act to possess or clistribute marijuana even if for med.ical purposesa Additionally, there
is evidence of an increasecl incidence of crime-related secondary impacts in locations
associated with marijuana cultivat�on facilit�es and medical marijuana dispensaries and
in connection with medical mariJuana cleliveries, which is detrirn.ental to the public's
health, safety, and welfareo T'he State of California's licensing and regulation as
con.templated by 1�ssembly �ills 243. and 266 and Senate �i1i 643 have not yet taken .
effect nor been implemented, and the City Council clesires to preserve local control over
these uses and activities. Nothing in this Chapter is intended to clrcumvent compliance
vvith sta�e Iaw.
19 e 98°020 I'�°ohibitions.
(a) The following are prohiblted;
(1) �/Iedical marYjuana dispensaries in ai1 zones in the city and shall not be
established or operated anywhere in the cltye
(2) 1Vlarljuana cultivation facilifi.es rn aIl zones in the city and sha11 not be
established or operated anywhere in the cltye
(3) Comm.ercial cannabis activities in alI -zones in the city and shall not be
established or operated anywhere in the city.
.. . . .. . .. ..
�
� �
(b) l�To person sha1l own, establish,- open, operate, conduct, or manage a medicai
mari�uana dispensary, mariJuana cul�ivation facilify, o� commexcial cannabis activity
in the city, or be the lessor of property where a rrtedical ma�°ijuana dispensary,
rnari�uana cultivation facility, or commerclal cannabis activity is Iocatecte I�To person
shall participate as an employee, con-��actor, agent, volunteer, or in any manner ox°
capacity in any medical marijuana dispensary, maxijuana cultivation facil��, or
comm.ercial can.nabis activity in the citya
(c) l�To Per�xi.its, grading perm.it, building permit, building plans, zone change,
business Iicense, cert�ficate of occupancy or ofher applicable approval �vYll be
accepted, ,reviewed, approvecl or issued for the establishm.ent or ope�°ation of a
marljuana cultivation facility, meclical rnarijuana dispensary, or commercial
cannabis ac�ivitya
(d) l�Tothrng contained rn this section shail be deemed to permit ox° authorize any use
or activity which is otherwise prohibited by an.y state or fed.eral Iawa
19.98a030 Enforcemente The crty may enforce thls section in any mannex° per�nn.�.tted by
Iaw. The violafion of this Chapter shall be ancl is he�eby declared to be a public
nuisance and sh.ali, at the discretion of th.e city, create a cause of act�on for lnjunctive
relief.
SECT'I01� 70 �INDINGS. The follo�ving findings are made under Ct�pert�no I�/Iunrcipal
Code section 19.152.030(D). �
1 The ro osed Ordinance conforms with the Iatest ado ted eneral Ian for the
� ) p p p g �
City in that a prohibition against marijuana cultivation facilities, meclical marijuana
dispensaries, commercial cannabis activi�ies, and medical marijuana delivery
aervices does not conflict with any allowable uses in the land use element and does
not conflict with any policies or programs in any other element of the general plane
(2) The proposed Ordinance will protect the public health, safety, and welfare and
promote the orderly development of the Cify in that prohiblting marlJuana
cultivation facilities, medreal mariJuana dispensaries, commercial cannabis activities,
and medical marijuana delivery sexvices will protect the City from �the adverse
impacts and negative secondary effects connected with these activities,
(3) The proposed Ordinance is consistent with 1Vlunicipal Code Title 19, whlch ;
currently bans marijuana cultivat�on facilities, medical marijuana dispensaries, �,
::
� � . I. ���� .
commercial cannabis activities, an.d rnedical marijuana delivery services under
principles of permissive zoningo
(4) The proposed Ordinance is not a project within the meaning of section 15378 of
tl�e California Envi�onrnental C,�uality. Act ("CEQA") Guidelines because it has no
potential for resulting zn physical ch:ange Yn the envrronment, either cllrectly or
ultimatelyo In the event that this Ord.inance is found to be a project txncler CEQ1�, it
is subject to the CEQA exemption contained in CEC,�A Guidelines section 15061(b)(3)
because it can be seen with certainty to have no possibility of a significant effect on
the envi�onxr�.ent.
SEC'I'IOl�T �0 5EVE1����LI�'Y. If any section, subsectlon, subdivlsion, sentence, clause,
phxase, or portion of this Ordinance 1s, for any reason, helcl to be invalyd or
uncons�itutional by the clecis�on of any court of competent Jurisdiction, such decision
shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance, The City
Council hereby declares that it would`have adopted this Ordinance, and each section,
subsect�on, subdivision, sentence, clause, phrase, or por�on thereof, irrespective of the
fact that any one or more SeCt10YlS� SUbSeCt1011.S� SUbCI:1V1S10r1S� sentences, clauses,
phrases, or portions thereof be cleclarecl invalid or txnconstitutional.
SEC'I'ION 90 The City Clerk shall cerfify,the adoption of this Ordinance and shall give
not�ce of its adopt�on as required by lawe Pursuant to Government Code Section 36933,
, a summary of this Oxclinance may be published and. posted in lieu of publication and
posting of the entire text.
I � � � � � � � �
;I
INTRODUCED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Cuperfino
the day of and El�TACTEL� at a regular meeting of the City Council of the
Ci�of Cupertino the of 2015, by the following vote.
P.ASSEI�.
�Ioteo 1Vlem.bers of the City Council
Ayes:
l�Toes:
Absent: ,
Abstaine �
I
.--�,
�
, ��
L� ��
.�`T'TESrTe 1�I'I'IZO�TEI�e
Grace Schrnidt, City Clexk 1Vlayor, C1ty of Cupert�no
;�
'
i
�
�
��� �� � �egal No. �00563�3�g
c/o Bay Area News Group ���rs��c�,pERT�r��
ram�nc�m�,�v6�.������ra�
4 N."2nd Street, Suite 800 �+ca-zo��o�a�����E��x c��n����c�
San Jose, CA 95113 rtoTic��s r�ER�sv`.��vEN tnat on�anuary i�;
201.6;.a public hearing will.be conclucted by the
CitY:of.Cupertino:'City Council at 6;45:p.m.;
CommunitY::HaIl:Gouncil:Ghamber,:1035�Torre
2083307 Avenue,Cupertino;C3liforsti�9501�.to consict-
er an amendrrienfi tp the Citv a#Cupertino N€u-
nicipal Co:c?e:as weil as a.n urgency ordinance;
effective immediate u�on:adop�ion, prohii�it=
CITY OF CUPERTINO in�;i?�arijuaria eulti_vat�on,;dispensaries,deliv.-
er�es and c.ommerc�a]cannabi�activ�ties with-
GRACE SCH��DT in the City;of Cup,ert�no;.Applicatian.No.(s}:
MCA-2015-01;Appl,tcant.City of�upert�no;Lo-
�03�0 T�RRE A�/��UE cation:all areas within the City of Cuperttno
; city boundaries. The project is categorically
CUPER�-���, C� g5014 exerrtpt as there,is;;na pcitentaal for this action
to eause .a:s�gn�f�can�effect on:the envirori-
ment. On.;November 2�; 2015,::the:Gity :of
Cupertno'S'Plannin9 Gorriinission C4-0, Gom-
����� �� ����������� miss3oner Sun absent)recammended tfi�t the
CitY of Cupert�na'S'City Cauncil ban medicinal
marijuana:ciispensariss and com.mereial culti-
' ' vation �nd:dalivery.activities per Resolution
�t���;������f����� No.6793.On December 14;2015,th2 Gity's Pub-
lic SafetY�a���ssipn made the follawin�rec-
��l,��1t O���G��� ����'� ornme;rdat�or�s: p�-ahibit, mari�uana
� c[ispensaries�com�nerc�al,.cult�va�ion,and cul-
- tivatipn by:primary.caregivers;allow cammer-
���� ��m �C�l,l��'C��o ��=�o°�5=�'� cial: deliverY/�ransgort subject to certain
restricfiions/li�enstng requiremen�s;allow cul-.
tiva�ion of.medical mari�uana#or:persanal use
by a qualified.patienfi,require a securecl grow-
ing'area for cultiu.at�on for personal use by a
qualified .pafiient;::�or more infarrr�ation or
questions,:you may corita�t Adarr► Peteisen;
5eniar°Planner, at Acla�riP a�cupertino.or.g or
(408) 77Z-3313:.:All;environmental documents
I am a citizen of the United States. I am over the a e of ei hteen �or:the descr.ibed applica-tions are available foc
g g public rev�ev,i a�the Cupert�na Gor►imunity De-
ears and I am not a art to or interested in the above entitled vejo�r�ent.oepartm�r�t, I0300 Torre aver��e;
Y , , p Y Cupertino,.Galifarri�a,95�14 [nterestecl parties
matter. I am the Le al Advertisin Clerk of the rinter and are-3nv�tetl:to attend and be hea�d.�f YQu��sh:
g g p to ehaliehge the action of tha.City Council in
publisher of the Cupertino Courier, a newspaper published in the Caurt,yoa may be limited to raising only those
issues yQu:or someane else raisecf at the pui�-
English language in the City of Cupertino, County of Santa Clara, �ic hear�ng'descritied in th�s notiee,o�-►n Wr��-
teci correspondenee deliveretl ta �he.City of
State of California. c�pert,►,a a�,or pciar to,the pu�lic hearin�.In
cortiplianee wi�h::the ArrieriCans with Disa-
bilities Acf, tADAI; anyone who is planning
to attend the upcoming..Cify Council regular
I declare that the Cupertino Courier is a newspaper of general meet�r,g wno�s.v�suai��ar hearing impairect
circulation as defined b the laws of the State of California as ar"nas �:ny disab'�lity fih�.t needs special as-
y sistance should call the�ity Clerk's O..ffice at
determined b court decree dated November 13 1956 Case 4as-7�7�3z�s,48 hours in:adVance of the meet=
` y � , ing to arrange for assistance.
Number 100637.:Said decree states that the Cupertino'Gourier is c�TYo�cu��Rr�rvo
adjudged to be�a newspaper`of general circulation for the City of iGRAc�,sc�n�iari
CITY CLERK
Cupertino, Gounty�of Santa Clara and State of California. Said Pu�us�lisfi�
�U#563�3754 January S,�DiB
order has not been revoked.
I declare that the notice, of which,the annexed is a printed copy,
has been published in each regular and entire issue of said
newspaper and not in any supplement thereof on the following
dates,to wit:
- 9�/A�f2��6
I certify(or declare)under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
true and correct.
` _ ;
Dated: January 11,2016
Public Notice Advertising lerk
:�a��a-��;oF�:�� �
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� ��� . �� � �egal No. ~ 0005�3�3�7
c/o Bay Area News Group
4 N. 2nd Street,S.uite 800
San Jose, CA 95113
2083307
CITY OF CUPERTtNO
GRACE SCHMIDT
10300 TORRE AVENIJE
CUPERTINO,`GA 95014 '
�R�O� O:F ������ATeON
���te �f CaOoforn�a .
C�unty of Sa��a C9��a .
�I�� NOe:�qu��c�ao ��m2�°�5m01
I am a citizen of the United States: I am over the age of eighteen
years`and I am not a party to or intere.sted in the above entitled
matter';I,am,,the Legal Advertising,Clerk of the printer and
publisher of the Gupertino Courier, a newspaper published in the
English lang'uage in the City of Cupertino,County of Santa Clara,
State of California.
I declare that the Cupertino Courier is a newspaper of general
cir,eulation as defined by the laws of the State of California as
determined by�cou'rt decree dated November 13,_1.956, Case
(Vumber 100637: Said decree states that the Cupertino Courier is
adjudged to be a:newspaper of general circulation for the City of
Cupertino, County of Santa Clara and State of California. Said
order has not been revoked.
I declare that the notice, of which the anr�exed is a printed copy, -
,
has been published in'each regular and entire issue of said
newspaper and not in any supplement thereof on the following
dates,to wit:
0'�/08/�0�6
,��,�.
I certify(or declare),under penalty of perjury thaf the foregoing is
true and corr.ect. ,�
Dated: January 11, 2016 -
' '
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'�°��t, �ity�ouncil�i11 consider an arnendment t� the City of C��ert�n�1VIun�.cipal �ode as well as an ur�ency�rdinance, ef�ective
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�rnrn.ediate up�r� adoptio�, pr�hibitin�rnarijuana cult�vat�on, dispensa�ies, d�I1�V��'�eS �.11C�. C0111Yg1e�'Clal Ca�l�]].�.bbS �.Ct1V1�1�S �T1��11.111 ��1� C1t�
�n'Ti�es�ay9 Janua�y 19, �016 at 6a45 pome at the �upert�n� C�rnrnunity I Ia11 (10350 'T���e Avee next t� the libr°arY) 1�pplicatio�Noo(s)e
�I�1�-2�15-01. '�he proj ect �.s ca�eg�r°�cally exempt as th:ere �s no p�tent�a.l fo�°tl�is act�on -t�cause a significant ef�ect on the envi�°or�.rnento
,
On I��verriber 24, 2015, -the. ��ty of��.pertin�'s Plann�n� �orr�miss��n (4-0, C�rn�.issi�ne� Sun absent) recor�rr�ended that the
. `�ity of Cupertino's �ity Cotxncil ban �edicg�a�mar�jua�a dispensaries a�d c�mme�c�a� cultivati�n and del�very activitles per _
l�esol�.t�on I�T�o 67930 : -
Or� I�ecernbe� 10, 2015, the City's Public Safety Corn.rn.ission �ade tl�e following �°ec�rnrnendatio�.se
❑ I��'O�lgb1$ �A�.�'lJ11.111�. d1S�JJ��S�.Y'��5, C�YT�Yl"1��'C��.I C�It1�T�:$1011, �.11d Cl��$1V�.t10�1 b���'11�1�.Y'y C�.�'e�1VeY'S
❑ Allow c�rnmercial de��ve�yftransp��t subject to certa��rest��ctions/lice�s����er��xi�ements
❑ 1�llo�nr ctxltivat�on of m.edical �argj�.a�a f�r pe�°s.��al txse by a qualifie� patie�t
_
���� o I�ec��ire a secured �r�wing �.�ea for cultivat�on f�r personal use by a qualified pat�ent
��
F�Y' I�lOg� 11`1fOY'171�.��OY1 ��' �L1�S�1�T1S,y�u may c�ntact 1�darn Petersen, Seni�r Planner, at
1�darriP@cupertir�oaor� or (40�) 777-3313e , • �
A�l envir°onrnental doc�.rnent�t��n is available at �ity I�allo 0 0 '
. �1�V �O��Cl�
'�'�esc��y,������y 1�,2���
1�e ��me��¢d mee�a�a�d��e �s sub�ect�o ch�n�e,��ease ch���ht�pm//���ac��er��noao�°�/a�e�da o�° �e�.s ��
ca�� (40�� 7�7 33���r�or to ��e�aee�an�fo�°��idated�nfo�°mat�o�¢a�l�ayor�e�ho,has a d��aba���y �,����g��o�iv���tIl��:
�nc��eeds spec�a�.as�as��n�e fo�th�s meet���9 ca�� ��0�� 777 3223, 4� ho�rs �e�O�''� t�"����������� C�.fl�➢�lCtflfl7l��:�fl1(�fl1�713�fl1fl��I����
��°3"���'�fo�°�SS�S���Cem
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10�0�To��e Aven�e
����7���CIT`Y
1�T0'I'ICE O�P�J�LIC IIEAI�I�TG
NO'I'IC� I5�IE�E�Y GIVEIV �hat the Cuper�o Pl ° g Cornmission will holcl a publ�.c l�ear�tag or�.�e
ma�te�° d.escribed belo�nr. 'I'he public is encourag�cl to attencl axlcl spealc. �f you a�e t�able to attencl, your
cor�ents are �relcomecl at�la���@cu�e�tino.o�. Ernail.ecl co�ents s�ioulcl be r�ceivecl by 4:00 prn
on the day of�e rn�eting. . -
A�'�LIC1�'�'�O�T 1�T0.: MC1�-2015-01
���������'e �i$�T�f��,1��Y°�.�0
�,OCATIOlV: all areas vvith� �e City of Cupe�°�o city bo�claries
SZJ�TECT: rnedic�al marijta.ana ban
I��SCIZIY�'�'IOI�T: �l� Cl$�7 Of C1A�3�Y'�1Y10 PI � � CO1�lYgl1SS1011 VVflIl COY1S1Cl��° �1'1C� �Ct d��JJOfl�
reco�end.at�.ons to tl�� City Co�cil regarcl�.r�g an amenclment to tl�e Cif.y
of C--u.�er�o M�ic�pal Code prohibi�g rnarijuana cultiva�on,
dispensaries, cleli.ve�°ies and corr�x�ereial c�abis ac�ivi�.es witl�� tl�e City
of Cupert�oo
I-��1��ZING DATEe 1Vov��r�ber 24, 2015 (meet�g beg�s a�6:45 pomo)
A�I�RESS: Council Chamber, Co��i�y�-Iall, 10350'Tor�°e Avenu�
'I`he a�encla fo�°this applicatflon will be ava�lable on�e�riday afterrioon preced�g the mee-t�g on�e
City's w�bsit�: wwvv.cuper�o.org
NO'Y'Eo AGENI.�1��IAY�E �LT�TECT TO C�IANGEo I����.��°�gff�:��ff�����.glC��l���3�.,��1���� ��.�s����.s,��.����
c�flIl t�ae P�.�.��ain� I����.�i.��� �� ����77�=330� ��'Il��' �� ��.� flg'�.��$flll�� ���� �O V�]C°lL� ���{� ��� fl��Il� fl� ����.�. �fl� ��1�
���fl'���o�Y'��$�fl�����.�]L���Wfl�.�.���1���'a.C���°fl�tl�;�������H.���dfl'9.������7�°���.�����.������°��7��.�C��IlOfl���fl���flSO
���C�lt���ll�.�����°�fl�C�1L��fl0�.�.$��6fl�fl�6.���fl�l.�o
Please note that Planning Commission policy is to allow an applicant and groups to speak for 10 minutes and individuals to ,
speak for 3 minutes. If you challenge the action of the Planning Commission in court,you may be limited to raising only those I
issues you or someone else raised at the public hearing`described in this notice, or in written correspondence delivered to the i
City of Cupertino at, or prior to, the public hearing.
NOTE TO OWNERS OF RECORD: This notice is sent to:owners of real property as shown on the last tax assessment roll.
Tenants are not necessarily notified.
Aarti Shrivastava
I�ir.Of Cominunity IJevelopment
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COMMt9�➢9°�Y��V�������`����A��'t���➢T
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CITY HALL
10300 TORRE AVEiVUE e CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255
�, _
�(,����,�� TELEPHONE: (408)777-3308• FP,X: (4�08) 777-3333
AFI�'IDAVIT O�1VIAII�II�G
Notice of Pu�l�c earin�for t e City of Cu ertin�
�eth Ebben, Adrn�nistrative �lerk, declares as follows:
• T�1�.� S11� 1S �. C1�1Z�11 Of�11� �T111��C� St�.��59 over the a�e �f 1� years, that at all tirries herein
ment�oned�ras an employee/agent of the �i�of�upertino. �
• T'hat on �� she deposited �n the tJnited States Post Office,
,I
�alifornia, a IVotice of Public�Iearing, a copy of which is a�ached hereto.
,
• That said rr�ailing list has been provided by the �la�ing I�epa�me�t and lists the o�ers of
property wh� are entitled to IeTotice of I-3earing.
• T'l�at on sa�d day, there vvas �. P��UI�T CO 11Y11C�.$lOfl1 by �Jn°ites States rriail between
Cupertino, Calif�rnia and the addresses sho�on the a�ach�d mailing listo
� decla�e�der penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
II true and correct.
�D � ��
l�ate: D ��
�y: .
Cupe�ino City Hall
10300 'Torr°e Aver�ue
Cupertino9 CA 95014
' (40�) 77��330�
a �
l�adius: ,� �� �
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SCC I�epa�ment of �ity of San Jose
Santa Clara County, Sher�ff s Dept. Enviro�ental Health Services A�tno Pl�.l'll1111�I�1V1510T1
A�n: �aptain�ck Sung A�n: ��h�d Fuchs o�°cu�°ent 200 E Santa�lara St
1601 � �e�iza�lvd 1555 �er�er Dr°. #300 Tower, 3rd Floor
�upe�ino, Cae 95014 San Jose, Cao �5112 San Jose, Ca. 95113
City of Santa Clara San�ose Water�ornpany C�ty of S�yvale
A�n. I�eveloprrien�Review Officer A�na J1111��.Y°1$��:L� A$t110 �idrew�/Iiner9 Plar�r�ing I�ept
1500 �Tarbui�on Ave 1 l0 �T Taylor Ste 456 i�Test�live Ave
Santa Clara, Ca. 95050 S�Jose, Cao 95110 Sur�riyvale, �ae 940�6
��.I1f01'�11�.��.$��° ��1'V1C� �OY�1��T1� ��C;�1P��Y°O��C$lOTl�1S$r1C� �Ll��l'�1T10 ��.11fl��.Y'y�1S$�°1C�
Attn: YZon�cha�°dson A�tne Gillory�9�rien Attne �chard Tanaka
94� � Street 16795 L�°k Ave. #20� 20�63 �tevens Creek�lvd. #100
Los Altos, �ao 94024 Los Gatos, Ca. 95030 ' Cupertino, Ca. 95014
Santa�l�a Valley�later I�istr�ct ���1�/I� Pacific �as �Electric
A�ne LJsha Chatwani or Current At�n: �lar,riin�Department Attno Er�n Straub or C�a.g°rent
5750 Almaden Exp�°essway 939 Ellis Street 10900 IV�laney 1�ve
San Jose9 Ca. 9511� San Francisco, �a. 94109 Cupe�ino, Ca. 95014
Frerr�ont�Jnion Hi�h School�istr�ct �.Zecology �anta Clara�Jn�fied School I�istrict
1-��n. Ch�°�st�r�e Maller°y, ��O A�n: Johri Zirelli or Current A�n: �obbie Plou�h or �urrent
5�9 �To Fremont Ave, 650 �/Iar�in Avee 1��9 I,a�ence Rd.
Su��ale9 �a. �40�7 Santa Clara9 �a. 95050 �anta Clara, �a.. 95051
CA State I�ept.of Transpo�tation Cu e�tino LTnion School I�istr�ct
Office of T'ransit�i Cor�. Plaririin p l�idm�eninsula�pen Space District
� A�no Chris Jew or�urrg°ent 330 �istel �ircle
1��n: �r�k Alrri 13�9 S Mar Ave
111 Grand Ave IVI� lOm� �' I,os 1�ltos, Ca, 94022
�akland9 Ca. 94623m0�60 Suririyvale, Ca. �40�7
R�T C� Santa Clara�1�'A Santa�lara Courity
� ' A�n: Enviror,rriental Services I�ept Plar,riin�I�epa�rrient
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1400 tn
A 4612 3331 IVor�h First Street 70 W Hedding St. East�Ting 7 �'lr
�akland9 � 9 Sa�����9 ��95134 San Jose, Ca. 95110
. . Y�ost Office �oothill/I�eAnza Cornn�ur�ity City of Saratoga
A�tno .aster College I�istrict _ A�n: Plarir�ng Depa�rrient
Ste�ens reek�lvd. 12345 El Monte 13777 �ruitvale Ave
Cupe�ino, Ca. 95014 I,os Altos, Ca. 94022 Saratoga, �a. 95070
�Te CA Carpenters�Zegional Couric�l Pub�ic IVotice Journal
egional Clearinghouse Coo inator Alex Lantsberg
c/o Ci Research I�e ar�rnent A�n: Philip Millenbah
p P.O. �ox 330356
P.�. �ox 2 265 He�enberger I�oad, Suite 220
O , CA 94604�2050 Oakland, CA 94�21 ����rancisco, Ca., 94133
S�C I�ds � Airpts: Plar�ing�iv SCC Rds � Airptso Engineering Santa Cla�°a�County�Iabitat Agency
A�n: �a��arrieron A�n: Il�Ia.soud Akbarzadeh At�n: Edrn�d Sullivan
101 Skypo��r 1 O 1 Skyport`I�r 53 5 All�re Ave. #100
San�ose9 Ca. 95110 San Jose, Ca. �5110 Mor�an I-3i119 Ca. 95037
�
� I �
�ity of I,os Altos West�Ia11ey�IVliss�on Cornrnunity �j][etropolitan Transportation
Colle�e�istrict
1-��tt�e �ornrriunity Developrrient ��rrirriiss�on
A�n: Ed Maduli or�urrent
1 IVorth San�tonio Road - 101 E��hth Stree�
14000 Fruitvale Ave
Los Altos, Ca. 94022 Oakland9 Ca. 94607
S�atoga, Ca. 95Q70
�altrans—�istrict 4
A�n:I�Tick Saleh,D1S$;Y'1C�D1�7. �hief
111 Grand Avenue
! �akl�.nd, Ca. �4612
nj�t`,=`M`k/�. `,t>� . .. .
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, 7� �T� - �' st Wing 1 St�'lr
S se; �a, 95110
n?f.!�$::',.n,>::u:i2;:Eja;' 4i:3i:: �j . . .
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e �leari �
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�ac�amento, C1�95�12-3 044
- e, 1Vlihaly� �Teinberger LL� IG
��.������; z'�����`�� A�ne o �a:rbe A�n. a.n Arrisden
< =s . �,t s � a: .,......
3, ; � ,= 3 96 I-Ia ee ears� enue
:.��1�T���'����'��
an�rancisco, Ca. 94102-4421 �erkele , Cao 94710
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P Works Hexagon �Peers
Attn; Terri���� A$ o ary�lack A�n: is �h
` � uck Ave.; Suite 300 , to Street ringle A #600
�erkeley, Ca, 94709 5an�ose, Ca. 9 113 �Ialnut Creek, Ca. 4596
° .J Powers � ° tes, Inc.
A�ne J � �
1 'The A�arrieda#200 �Jpdated 2/25/2015
San Jose, Cao 95126
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�EGI��, 1V0�'ICE O� �EG�J�AIZ PtJ�LIC �EA�ZIlVG �E�C�I�E 'I'HE PL,Al�T�TIl�TG COlVd�/IISS�OlV O� 'THE
C�'�O� C�.T�EIZTIlVC�, C1�LIFO�l�TIA, on l�Toverr�ber 24, 2015, at 6e45 peme i� �� Co�cil Charribers of�e
Cupert�o Co�..t�ity I�all, 10350 '�'orre Avenue is ll��reby glven. 'I'l�e following applieation(s) for ac�.on
by�e Plann�g Co�ission vvill be hearcl:
1. Appllcat�on l�To.(s)o 1VICA-2015-01
l�pplicant: City of Cupert�o
L,ocation: ��.I.�Y°��S Wl�l� ��1�CI$�T Of Cl�..�JJ��'�lfl'10 Cl$�T�01A�1C�L��'l�S
NO'TICE IS E E Y GIVEN that t1�e Ci� of Cupertino Plar�in� Com.rnission vvill consicle�°
and act upon �°e�orn.rrtendations to th.e City Cotxncil �°e�a�°din� an ar.nendrne�t to the City of
Cuper�no Mt�.nicipal �ocle �JJ�°O�bl$1%1� YYl.��1JU.�Y1� Ct1.I.�1V�t1.0%1, cl�spen�aries, C��11�T��°1C� ancl
C0111.1�1��°Cl.�l C�1'111��315 �Ct].�T1t1�S�T1��l1Yl.trl�Cl�O�Cl1��Y°�11'lOo
E�v��o����ataY 1Z����.������Ilo�.o C����O�'1C���.�EX����(���t�.1.�PI�.TIl'1.1�.� �O�%gl1SS].OY1 l�l��� �
�°e�omrnencla�.on that the Ci�Council consicler this action as exemp-t uncler CEQA. �uideline�
Se�tion �506�:(b)(3), �535� as there is no potential for th.is action to caus� a si�r�ificant effe�t on
th� envix°onment�
All env�or�enfal doc�ents fo� �e C1�SC�°l��C�L ���I1C�t1.01'lS a�°e available for public �eview at the
Cupertii�o Co��ty Development Department, 10300 Torre Avenue, Cupe�t�o, Californ�.a, 95014. If
�r�u challe�ge the action of the Pl�irig Commission iri court,�TOdX lll��7�� Ill�ll$�Cl t0 �°11.Sl.l:l� OYlIy$�lOS�
issues you o� someone else �aisecl at �e public 11ear�g clescribecl irt tllis notice, or in written
co�responclence clelivered to tlle City of Cupert�o at, or p�°ior to, the pt�.blic hea�°�g. Please note �at
' Pl��g Co�ission policy gs to allow � applicant and ��oups to speak for 10 �utes ancl
�iclividuals to sp�ak for 3 m�utes.
Aar�i Shrivastava
Dir. Of Cornrnurut�r Development, City of Cupertgno Publicaf��n D�te: 1lTovember 13,2015
d � �
�: �
� � � � , � �
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Th� e ino rt r �ega� �o. o�o���s�7s
c/o Bay Area News Group r.EG�c.e���icE�F�E�u�nR Pu�E���EaRar��
BEFf}RE TE9E PE.�It�NIP€G Cf1MM15Sdf�8M OF TFIE
4 N.2nd Street, Suite 800 co�r aF cu������o,�ALiF�IRlYIA,on iYovem-
San Jose, CA 95113 �e���,zoi�,a�sc�5 p.m.'in the Council Cham-
be�s af the Cupsrtino Cammunity'kiaf(, 10350
Tar�-e Avenue is hereby given. The foilowing
appEicatianfs)�4r aetian by the Pfanning Gom-
misscan wdi be heard:
2083307 i. ,4�pafication No.cs�:MCA;2015-01
Appticant:C�ty of Gupertino
Locatian:.al[areas wEthm the City of
CITY OF CUPERTI�10 �uperti�ocity`boundaries
Gf�CE SCI-IIVIIDT �ore�� as �E��Bu �o��� tnat tne c►ty of
C€�pertina Planning Comrnission wil!consider
10300 TOI�RE AVE�IUE and:act ut�on recommendations to the Gity
' Cour�cil rega�-ding an amendment to the Cii�of
CUPEFZTINO, CA 95014 Cupe�tina Municipal Code prohibiting mari�ua-
na cuftivation, :dispensaries, deEiveries and
comenerciaf cannab�s activ�fi�es within fihe City
of Cupertino.
� ��� �� �� �.;'������ Environ�en#at Recomrnendation: �ategori-
calfy;Exeenp�(thaf the Planning Gommission
�t��� Of���9fOr�10� make a.recommendation that fhe City Gouncil
CdEi51C�@C tlliS action as exempt under GEQA
- Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3),15354 as there
�Ol��l�� Of���lt� �`��r� is.na potential for this action to cause a signifi-
cant effect o�the en�ironment)
A({ environinentaE documents for the descri- '
�I�� ��a ����110 ���2015��� bed appEications are availabfe for public re-
view at the'Cupertino Community Develop=
ment Department, 10300 Torre Avenue,
Cupertino,,Galifornia,95014. If you challenge
the action.of tlie Planning Gommission in
caurt,you may be limite�i to raising oNy those
issues yau or someone else raised at fihe pub-
iic hear�ng described in this notice,or in writ-
I am a citizen of the United States. I am over the a e of ei hteen ten correspondence delivered to khe City of
g g Cupertino afi,or prior to,th� pu�lic hearing.
ears�nd I am not a art to or interested in the above entifiled pfease nate that Plannmg Cammission.policy
� p y is to allow an applicant and groups#o speak
matter. I am the Legal Advertising Clerk of the printer and for io m►nutes a�a;�n��,�iauais to speak fiar�
mf nutes.
publisher of the Gupertino Courier, a newspaper published in the Aart�s[,r��as�ava
English`ianguage in the City of Cupertino, County of Santa Clara, ��f.afCommunity Dev�lopment,
City of Cuperfiinn.
State of California. pu�f;ca�►.on Datec November 13,zo�5
CU#5515275;�tovert�ber 13,2025
I declare that the Cupertino Courier is a newspaper of general
circulation as defined'by the laws of the State of California as
determined by court decree dated IVovember 13, 1956, Case
iVumber 100637. Said decree states that the Cupertino Courier is
adjudged to be a newspaper of general circulation for the City of
Cupertino,County of Santa Clara and State of California. Said
order has not been revoked.
I declare thaf the notice, of which the annexed is a printed copy,
has been published in each regular and entire issue of said
newspaper and not'in any supplemenfi thereof on the following
dates,to wit:
'9�/'�3/20��
I certify(or declare)under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
true and correct.
Dated: fVovember 13, 2015
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Public IVotice Advertising Clerk
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.���e� CA�201 � 1 : �.r�.ic��al Cod.e A endr�.e�t �
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E�v��°onment�lo �x�r��t
P��j��t N��¢�o City of Cuper-tino
IVl����e�^o Adar�Petersen .No��ce T�peo �it wid.�
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d:eliveries and co�r�aercial carir,:abis activities
���ed 1'��m�a�� EIZC I,e��l 1�IZC I�C CC
11/5/2015 11/24/2015 1/19/2016
Co�se��? ❑
Co�a�a���
Nam� �'yp� 1�d��es� �ho�ae,.�ax,e��aaal
Aclam Petersen Contact Ciiy of Cupertino 408-777-3313
10300 Torre Ave adamp@cupertino.org
Cupertino,Ca. 95014
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