TR-2011-52b OFFICE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
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CITY HALL
10300 TORRE AVENUE • CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255
• C U P E RT 1 N O (408) 777-3308 • FAX (408) 777-3333 • planning(a�cupertinO.Org
October 12, 2011
Neil Woolner
Arborwell Resources, Inc.
2337 American Ave
Hayward, CA 94545
SUBJECT: TREE REMOVAL PERMIT ACTION LETTER - Application TR-2011-52:
This letter confirms the decision of the Director of Community Development, given on October 12,
2011, approving a tree removal permit to remove twenty-one (21) Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra)
trees on the western portion (main entrance) of property located at 1 Infinite Loop with the following
conditions:
1. APPROVED PROJECT
This approval is based on the arborist report prepared by Dave Muffly (Certified Master Arborist
WE-4279B), dated September 21, 2011, consisting of 12 pages and entitled: Arborist Report-Infinite
Loop Campus, Poplar Replacement Program (Phase II), and comments by Consulting Arborist Michael
L. Bench, dated June 30, 2011, except as may be amended by conditions in this resolution.
2. TREE REPLACEMENT
The applicant shall plant twenty-one (21) 36-inch box Columbia Sycamore trees on the property in
accordance with the City's Protected Tree Ordinance. The required replacement trees shall be
planted within 60 days of the effective approval date of this tree removal permit.
3. NOTICE OF FEES, DEDICATIONS, RESERVATIONS OR OTHER EXACTIONS
The Conditions of Project Approval set forth herein may include certain fees, dedication
requirements, reservation requirements, and other exactions. Pursuant to Government Code
Section 66020(d) (1), these Condiiions constitute written notice of a statement of the amount of
such fees, and a description of the dedications, reservations, and other exactions. You are hereby
further notified that the 90-day approval period in which you may protest these fees, dedications,
reservations, and other exactions, pursuant to Government Code Section 66020(a), has begun. If
you fail to file a protest within this 90-day period complying with all of the requirements of
Section 66020, you will be legally barred from later challenging such exactions.
Staff has made the findings necessary to grant the tree removal permit in accordance with Section
14.18.180 of the Protected Trees Ordinance. Please note, however, that an appeal of this decision
can be made within 14 calendar days from the date of the mailing of this decision. If this
happens, you will be notified of a public hearing, which will be scheduled before the Planning
Commission and the trees cannot be removed until a final decision on the appeal has been
made. If no appeal is made within the appeal period, the tree(s) may be removed after
Wednesday, October 26, 2011.
Sincerely,
� _
Simon Vuong
Assistant planner
(408) 777-1356
simonv@cupertino.org
cc: Paul Cerbrowski, Apple, Inc.,1 Infinite Loop, MS 48-1M0, Cupertino, CA 95014
Dave Muffly, Apple, Inc.,1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014
Review of Tree Decline for Possible Replacement at /�,��! �"�,�L�! � S�
Infmite Loop on the Apple Campus, Cupertino, Califomia �{=;�';�: =.!�=� �'` :�::"
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Assignment _.
I was asked by Mr. Simon Vuong, Planner, City of Cupertino, �.-�e� a peer ie th .
report by Mr. Dave Muffly concerning the replacement of Lombardy poplar ees at the. nite .
Loop Street, Cupertino, California.
Observations
I inspected the site on June 30, 2011. It is obvious that several of the Lombardy poplar (Populus
italica `Nigra') trees have died or are in severe decline. Removal and replacement of those
specimens requested is certainly warranted.
The suggested replacement species, Platanus acerifolia `Columbia,' has shown to be a strong
performer in this area, and is certainly an acceptable replacement species.
Comments
I have seen Lombardy poplar trees (Populus italica `Nigra') performing well in various parts of
this valley. They commonly cause major infrastructure damage, without exception in my
experience, where located near structures or hazdscape. I observed several Lombardy poplar
specimens, which are in relatively good condition at this point and which are not requested for
replacement, located near infrastructure in this landscape. I did not observe any infrastructure
damage, but the trees are young and are fully expected to cause significant infrastructure damage
in the near future. For this reason, I suggest that all of the Lombardy poplar trees located in
planter beds at this site be included in a replacement plan.
In addition to the decline and mortality of the Lombardy poplazs, there are a significant number
of other trees, which are performing poorly in the planter beds of the parking lots on both sides
of Infinite Loop. These numerous trees include the species: Platanus acerifolia ( it appears that
many are the cultivar `Yarwood') and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). There may be other
species, which I missed, in addition to these. These species typically perform well, if not
exceptionally well, in this area. Also, it is very unusual, in my experience, for so many
Lombardy poplaz specimens to perform so poorly in a small area, as observed here. This
observation suggests that there are other causes for the decline at this site. Mr. Muffly did not
discuss causes of decline specifically in his report. Nevertheless, I think it is likely that the
Platanus acerifolia `Columbia' replacement specimens will not perform as hoped unless the
primary causes are addressed.
In recent years, I have observed similar decline of the landscape, trees in particular, at other
corporate campus locations. At these locations, one of the primary causes of landscape decline is
a result of poor drainage and severe soil compaction, especially of the sub-grade. Obviously I do
not know what has occurred at this site, but at other locations, the soils at the time of
construction in the entire parking areas were compacted to 90% to 95% Proctor Scale, which is
engineering standard for roadway construction. After the formation of planter beds in this highly
compacted soil, a thin layer of top soil is often added before trees and shrubs are planted.
Although trenching for irrigation loosens the soil slightly, it is very inadequate for root
development of trees. This is particularly problematic in areas where planter beds are very small
or are very narrow. If trees of most species would be expected to perform well, larger areas for
root development must be created. In areas of small or narrow planter bed spaces, structural soil
Prepered by Michael L. Bench, Consulting Arborist June 30, 2011
(a formulated engineered soil) has shown to be an effective alternative without the reduction in
parking. No doubt Mr. Muffly and Apple has considered this and possibly other alternatives.
Respectfully submitted,
� .� e.t__
Michael L. Bench, Consulting Arborist
International Society of Arboriculture WE # 1897
American Society of Consulting Arborists Member
Prepared By:
� Dave Muffly, Apple Arborist
�°: ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist W�-4279B
�v PNWISA Certified Tree Risk Assessor CTRA-500
� � � (� � (� � dmuffly@apple.com 40� 3-0795
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A report was submitted in early summer of 2011 by Apple Computer to the City of
Cupertino planning office, regarding this set of poplar trees lining the entrance to IL
1. That original report led to the removal of the dead trees, and also trees which
were then in poor condition. This work has been permitted, and is now in process.
But in the intervening several months, poplars that were in good or fair condition
upon original report writing have now declined substantially, leaving us with more
poplars in poor and fair condition. This report is an update to that earfier report.
We are now requesting to remove ALL of the poplar trees, regardless of condition.
When the report was originally written, it was early summer, and we didn't want to
take out the best of the poplars during the heat of the summer. Now the trees are
headed into dormancy, and this will be the ideal time to remove the remainder of
the poplars, and have a fully uniform and beautiful set of London Plane trees for
the entrance drive to Infinite Loop 1, all ready for the 2012 growing seasan.
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Fig. 1- Infrnite Loop main entry
t� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 1
Anac�ranis�n
To have this particular species planted in such a prominent location in 2011 is
something of an anachronism. Landscape professionals began phasing out this
species in the 1960's and 1970's, and by the early 1990's, only a handful of "old
school" practicing landscape architects were still utifizing this species. By chance,
Apple hired one of the few remaining, and have been paying a serious cost since.
P�c��u[a���
Lombardy poplars were popular because they grow in a strikingly upright manner,
grow quickly providing welcome shade in hot climates, have attractive glossy
foliage, create minimal debris, and offer good yellow fall color. They are a tree
traditionally planted along irrigation ditches and canals, and natural watercourses,
where their habit of growing large and destructive surFace roots doesn't pose any
difficulties. Poplars are notoriously shallow rooted.
Pra�[erns
But when planted in the cities of California, problems became readily apparent. In
urban places without copious, continuous water availability, poplars readily
succumb to drought. And even if given precious irrigation water, if the poplars are
planted near hardscape or infrastructure, major damage is virtuafly inevitable. For
these reasons, poplars in general, and Lombardy poplars in particuiar, fell out of
favor. This change was faster for landscape professionals more inc{ined to be
scientific, and slower for those who clung to ideas of what works without assessing
actual performance.
�as� �raubfe A� ��p[e
Many, if not all, of the poplars along the IL 1 aisle have been replaced once
already, giving an unacceptable lifespan of 10 years or less. When the first set of
replacements took place, replacement trees had to be procured from Southern
California, because literally no nursery in the Bay Area could be found still stocking
the trees.
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Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 _ Page 2
�l.i�S�.��i�(�� (�caV�f�E'�� �c�i°i�1��C
In addition to the previous generation of poplars being dead or dying, trees were
removed because they caused major infrastructure damage in their
surFace-rooting search for water. The Infinite Loop 1 parking lot suffered heavy
damage from the first generation of poplar plantings along the main aisle, and this
damage is being repeated with the replacement generation, as can be seen in
Figure 2, where a root sprout off a poplar root actually pushed right through the
asphalt.
�.ep f �cecr�er�� S��a�e�g�r
As outlined in the introduction, Apple Computer is now ready to remove ALL the
remaining poplar trees, and fully implement the Replacement Strategy outlined in
the earlier report. If these few poplars were to be retained, they would look
awkward next spring. The coming months will be an ideal time to remove the
remainder, and plant the replacement trees with optimal late fall timing, ensuring
excellent tree establishment over the coming winter, and vigorous grov�h from a
uniform set of London Plane trees next year.
At this time, there are 7 poplars that remain in good condition, 4 in fair condition, 6
in poor condition, and 4 in very poor condition. We propose to remove all these
remaining poplars, and replace with 'Columbia' London Plane to match the
remainder of the planting.
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' Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 3
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Fig. 4- E/ Camrno Real, Palo Alto befi�veen Churchill & Park B/vd
�[u�sery SfoG�c
We propose to plant 21 additional trees, adding to the 55 that we are aiready
permitted to piant from the report made in in summer of 2011. All replacement
trees are to be 36-inch box specimens of excellent quality, as shown in Fig. 5.
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Fig. 5
Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 4
Successfu[ E3awnt�wn Tree
'Columbia' is now planted, to wide appreciation, in the downtown of Mountain
View (replacing another horticultural miscarriage, the Pink-Flowering Locust
which, embarrassingly, performed very poorly as some of us accurately
predicted.) They are also featured in the downtown Gilroy redevelopment, and are
growing nicely.
Santa Cr�z Exper�ence
'Columbia' is also used extensively in Santa Cruz, where I introduced it to the
public by specifying it along Mission adjacent to a large public school. Within a
decade, 'Columbia' has become the most planted tree in Santa Cruz, and is
performing well in a{I but the harshest locatians.
Replacerner�t Spec�es CF�a�ces
What tree species will work well in this location? Native deciduous Valley Oak?
Native evergreen Coast Live Oak? Chinese Elm? Fruitless Olives? Marina
Madrone? Silver Linden? London Planetree a.k.a Sycamore? These are all
readily-available options, all of which (with the exception of one) stand a good
chance of succeeding and surviving for decades, perhaps many, with relatively
little maintenance and supplemental water. The exception is Marina Madrone.
These very pretty trees need excellent growing conditions, not the challenging
conditions to be found along the main lobby to Infinite Loop 1.
Native Oaks
The native evergreen Coast Live Oak could be grown in this location, but it would
create a dense, brooding, spiny-leaved, messy planting. Also, nursery stock
performance with this species is notoriously inconsistent, especially in degraded
soils such as we have here. It seems wise to save the Valley Oaks for places
where they can grow large, with lots of room.
Best Qf The Rest
Among the rest, the 'Columbia' London Planetree is favored for fast growth deep
non-invasive roots, beautiful bark, strong/low-maintenance structure, long lifespan,
and is a tree which will create a proven effective and classic landscape
architecture. They will also quickly make some precious shade for the large
parking lot, at least on the Highway 280 side. They roughly resemble the poplars
(big leaves, upright growth habit - they are distant relatives), so this will minimize
any change to the aesthetic.
Sp�ed Ar�d Str�ngth
From personal experience, 4 feet of growth per year in the early years is very
possible with wise water management. The shape of'Columbia' is nearly ideal
from both an arborists and designers perspective - it generally grows with a
continuous central leader, which is great for strength, and also gives the tree a
very uniform, pyramidal shape when young.
Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 5
Quick GanQp�r
Having two double rows creates a particularly powertul effect, and the canopy
closes over the pedestrian walkway in a very short time, just a few years. The
trees may begin to provide a c{osed canopy over the roadway in as little as a
decade if we are generous with the water in the early years, and plant with thought
and care.
Adapted TQ C�QSe Pla�tir�g
London Planes are proven to perform well when closely planted. This can be seen
in some of the older residential sections of Bay Area cities like Palo Alto and San
Jose. The oldest Landon Planes in the Bay Area are still going after more than a
century, without any sign of vigor loss.
Longevity and Drought To�erance
Those old London Planetrees throughout the Bay Area, some of them approaching
150 years old, show us in no uncertain terms the level of drought tolerance of the
Planetree. As an arborist with more than 20 years of observing trees throughout
the Bay Area, and a renowned eye for trees, I can say that I cannot recall seeing a
mature London Plane die. I learned my trees during the severe California drought
of 1988 through 1993. I watch many hundreds of trees die, but not London Planes.
They are on the short list of trees commonly planted in California which are proven
to tolerate the droughts of the last 150 years, a list mostly populated by oaks and
eucalyptus.
A Tree Of Extre�es
They are, surprisingly, a species that both survives drought, and can also grow in
standing water, as can be seen with century-plus old London Plane trees growing
in a small lake in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Biologically, there is a reason
that London Plane can survive in disparate places where few other trees can
survive. All sycamore trees have the ability to transport oxygen from their leaves
and upper surfaces to the roots, where the oxygen is needed for cellular
respiration: i.e. oxygen is needed to process sugars to make the energy that
allows the roots to grow and live.
The Impartance af Oxygen
Most trees have to get their root oxygen directly from the soil. And because many
soils, especially clay soils, don't allow air to penetrate very deeply into the soil, tree
roots are often found surprisingly close to the surface, often finding 80% or more
of the roots in the top 2 or 3 feet of the soil, with only a few deeper sinker roots.
Because the London Plane can transport oxygen to the roots, roots can, and do,
grow into much greater depths of the soil, where moisture can often be found,
even in the middle of a parched summer when other trees are fading due to heat
and lack of moisture in the upper soil layers. This ability to transport oxygen to
roots also allows London Plane roots to grow in water, where other tree's roots die
of suffocation.
Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 6
l�atural Habita�
Sycamores in general are trees of the flood plains, where their roots can penetrate
the loose alluvial soils to great depth, and tap deep water resources, and grow to
immense sizes. The largest Sycamore in the United States is growing in a canyon
in the desert in New Mexico, with scrubland in the desert, descending into the
canyon reveals lush green even as temperature approach 110.
Rlar�t[ng
Because our part of Cupertino is also an alluvial fan, this can be natural habitat for
sycamores. We are planning to take advantage of our soils in establishing these
London Plane trees. Planting ho{es will be dug until we have reached good quality
native soil, and any compaction removed. This will establish good soil drainage.
We will carefully refill the hole to avoid any tree settling.
Encouraging Deep Raoting
With good soil drainage established, we will water the trees deeply, to encourage
roots downward as quickly as possible, to reach the lower soil depths where water
can be found. We plan to give the trees plenty of water in the early establishment
years, but with a focus on intervaf befinreen waterings to encourage this downward
rooting. Once established in this way, the trees will be able to survive on their own
in the event of irrigation restrictions and even prolonged drought.
C�ft�var Qf Chaice
'Columbia' is a cultivar containing a great deal of the genetics of the Eurasian
Sycamore native to the Mediterranean, matching our own climate. Interestingfy,
'Columbia' performs much better than native California sycamore in the Bay Area,
and also better than two other cultivars which have been tried locally in recent
decades, and are proving to be disease and structure disasters. The industry is
rapidly shifting to only'Columbia'.
�� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 7
�r�e D�is��sE�[on Ta�fe
The following table summarizes the disposition of every tree surveyed including physical measurements
and observations. Trees have been tagged in the field with aluminum tags corresponding to the
numbers referenced in the table and exhibit. Trunk diameters were measured at breast height (DBH)
54" above the adjacent ground, as required by the City of Cupertino. Tree height and spread was also
estimated by visual observation.
Tag # Diameter � Height± Spread± Condi`ion Action Tag # Diamete Heightt Spread± Condition A ct i on
- -- _______,�._--
500 4.1" 12.4' ' 13.0' � Good Remove 533 6.7" 31.3' 6.0' ; Poor Removed
- � �---------- � ----
- -
501 i 4.8" 31.1' � 4.5' � Dead Removed j 534 9.9" 48.1' 7.0' j Poor Removed
' ---- ___..._.._.....-----._..._. _ � _.___.__--�---__
502 8.4" ! 39.6' 8.0' ' Poor Removed i 535 3.8" 52.9' 12.0' Poor Removed
� ;
--- ------- - -__ _... _...-�---__ __ - �----- ______.___._- -
503 8.8" 41.0' i 6.5' Very Poor Removed 536 ' 12.2" , 49.5' 12.0' Very Poor Remove
----- - __ _-_ - -- ----- -- _ _ _ _
504 i 5.7" 38.1' 3.0' Dead Removed � 537 8.8" � 42.9' 6.0' l Dead Removed
505 5.7" 39.1' 8.5' Good Remove 538 ' 6.9" 33.0' S.0' � Dead Removed
: � -________________ _ -- -- - __. --
506 5.3" 36.6' i 6.5' � Dead Removed � 539 8.0" 8� 8.0" 49.2' 14.5' Poor Remove
--- 1..-.._..-----_____.. - - --- - - -
507 6.5" 34.8' 4.0' Dead Removed '': 540 5.7" 33.6' 4.5' � Dead Removed '
� _..._... -----...._._...._ _ _ _
508 3.8" 27.2' � 3.0' ; Dead Removed �! 541 4.6" 48.4' S.5' � Very Poor Removed
- -.. .______---___.
i_ ----- --_ ---__ __ - --
509 � 6.5" 30.0' I 4.0' � Very Poor Removed 542 I 8.0" � 42.3' 7.0' '; Very Poor Removed
510 7.6" � 37.2' 6.0' � Poor Remove 543 8.0" 32.6' S.5' i Very Poor Removed
--- � __.._ _.._. __ _ ---- -
511 3.2" 21.9' 2.0' � Dead Removed � 544 6.5" � 54.1' 15.5' Remove
512 6.6 34.9 7.0 +-- ----- �Poor Re d' ' Ve PoQr Removed
�� .� � � � 545 5.3" 31.0' 4.0' I �Y
! -- - _---------- - � - -- - ---- __-- _ _ __ _
513 11.4" 51.7' �! 10.0' �� Poor Removed ,� 546 6.9" 8� 8.4" �, 49.8' 12.0' � Poor Removed j
�___.__ __
514 I 8.6" � 51.3' 5.5' �^� Poor Removed , 547 ; 7.2" 48.2' 9.5' Remove
- ----- - -----__ _-----
_
' S15 10.1" 49.9' � 5.5' I Poor Removed , 548 9.4" � 4.6" 54.9' 9.0' Very Poor Remove
516 9.3" 52.0' 11.0' % Poor Removed 549 12.2" 51.9' 17.0' Remove
- - --�-..__..._..__.._.._--- -- -- - -
; 517 � 6.1" 8� 11.8" 54.7' ' 6.0' ; Po�r Removed � 550 3.8" 8 2.7" 17.1' 3.0' Dead Removed
518 5.3" � 12.2" 63.7' , 17.0' Good ' Remove 551 , 8.4" , 46.4' 7.0' i Poor Removed
-..---- - ,---- --.. ---..
" ' ' j ' i � 552 � 7.6" � 5.7" 49.0' 8.5' �I Poor Removed
519 7.6 52.4 6.0 Poor Removed ,,
_._. _ - - - �_. _. _ _ _._ _
520 12.6 55.6 11.0 - �--,- ---- Poor Removed � ' ---- � � � __ T _ _._ . _.
^ � ' ' 553 � 6.1 29.0 4.5 � Poor Remove
521 � 8.0" 35.2' i 8.0' Poor Removed , 5 4 5.3" 8� 2.2" 27.3' S.0' Very Poor Removed ',
__ ___i._ _
� �
�
, _ . � - ---- -- . -----_
. __ ______ _ -
� 522 9.5" 8� 7.4" 49.5' 8.0' Poor , Remove , 555 � 8.4" � 46.3' � 5.0' ' Poor Removed �
523 11.8 64.8 ' 11.0' � Good -...._ .__.__----.._ --
� , " ' Remove I , 556 13.3" 40.9' 5.5' Poor Removed
� --- � � _- . _...._._ _. __ .__..__.._... -
� 524 9.9" � 56.2' 7.0' Poor Remove � 557 ' 4.2" ; 18.0' S.0' , Poor Removed
525 I 9.9" 59.0' 8.0' Very Poor Remove �' 558 ', 6.5" 8� 5.3" 42.1' 7.0' T � Poor Removed
� 526 9.5" 8� 8.4" 51.3' I 5.0' � Dead Removed ,; 7.2" 43.4' 10.5' i Good Remove
� . ' S59 �
_ �__ _ _ ____ ___ ._- -
527 9.5" � 55.7' I 4.5' l Dead Removed I ; 560 � 8.0" 46.6' 6.0' Poor Removed �
-._.____._...___.___.- -- - ----- --.___._..-- - -
� 528 9.2° � 51.T , 5.0' i Dead Removed ' S61 7.6" 8� 2.2" � 43.8' 6.5' Poor Removed
529 15.3 67.1 12.0 Poor Remove �� - -
i --, i .
� " ' , ' � 562 , 7.2" 46.4' 8.5' ' �',' - �- Remove
� 530 12.4 61.8 � 9.0 �- ��Poor Removed ! 7.2" 40.0' ' ' - -
� " ' ' � ' 563 ';�
6.5 Dead Removed
�
� 564 13.7 48.0 15.0 ; Good Remove
- �--- - ___.. _ -- - - �
531 ' 13.4" 62.0' I 9.0' � Poor Removed " ' '
� -----,
� --,------ --
', 532 11.8" ' 55.1' ' 12.0' Very Poor Remove 565 � 13.1" 44.0' 14.0' Good Remove
-- _ _ � � - -
�' Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 8
INFINfTE LOOP
/ �
\ -_- ----;
#565 � � #564 #500
� � ;;
#563 #501� #502
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#562� #561 � #503 ��
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#559� #560 #504 � #505 l \
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#558 #557 #506'
#555 #556 #507� #508
#554 X #553 #509
__---- ._._..
� #551 #552 #510' #511
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� #550 � #549 O #512
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#547 � �� #548 � #513 ''
#546 #545 W #514!
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#543 � #544 Z #515 �
—
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� � � #540 � #519 , � #518
#539 #538 ' #520 I #52 � L E G E N D
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' � Exist�ng Tree - Good
#536 , #537 #525X #526 • Existing Tree - Fair
� ` Existing Tree - Poor
! � � �� #52�' #527 Existing Tree - Very Poor
#535
; Phase 1 Removal
#53 ; 30 #501 Existin Tree Tag Number
#529 � #5 9
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N.T.S. N DE ANZA BOULEVARD
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KIER & WRIGHT
CIVIL ENGINEERS & SURVEYORS, INC.
� 3350 Scott Boulevard, Building 22 EXI ST/ NG TREE PLAN
Sanu Clara, Califomia 95054
.._ ._ . . �.-. �' /
POPLAR REPLACEMENT PROGRAM PHASE 2
INFINITE LC�OP
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CIVIL ENGINEERS & SURVEYORS, INC.
��, .# 3?50 Scon Boulevard, Building 22
Santa Clara, Califomia 95C54 REPLANT/NG PLAN
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► POPLAR REPLACEMENT PROGRAM PHASE 2
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Appie Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 11
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Fig. 20 - Tree #549 Fig. 21 - Tree #553 Fig. 22 - Tree #559 Fig. 23 - Tree #562 Fig. 24 - Tree #564 & 565
� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: September 21, 2011 Page 12