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Home My WebLink AboutPC 03-09-2026 Searchable PacketCITY OF CUPERTINO PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA 10350 Torre Avenue, Council Chamber and via Teleconference Monday, March 9, 2026 6:45 PM Special Meeting IN-PERSON AND TELECONFERENCE / PUBLIC PARTICIPATION INFORMATION OPTIONS TO OBSERVE: Members of the public wishing to observe the meeting may do so in one of the following ways: 1) Attend in person at Cupertino Community Hall, 10350 Torre Avenue. 2) Tune to Comcast Channel 26 and AT&T U-Verse Channel 99 on your TV. 3) Watch a live stream online at www.Cupertino.gov/youtube and www.Cupertino.gov/webcast 4) Attend in person at a remote Teleconference Location noticed pursuant to Gov. Code 54953(b)(2), which location, if noticed, would be stated on the cover page of this agenda. OPTIONS TO PARTICIPATE AND COMMENT: Members of the public wishing to address the Planning Commission may do so in the following ways: 1) Appear in person at Cupertino Community Hall: a. During “Oral Communications”, the public may comment on matters not on the agenda, and for agendized matters, the public may comment during the public comment period for each agendized item. b. Speakers are requested to complete a Speaker Card. While completion of Speaker Cards is voluntary and not required to attend the meeting or provide comments, it is helpful for the purposes of ensuring that all speakers are called upon. c. Speakers must wait to be called, then proceed to the lectern/podium and speak into the microphone when recognized by the Chair. d. Speakers are limited to three (3) minutes each. However, the Chair may reduce the speaking time depending on the number of people who wish to speak on an item. A speaker representing a group of 2 to 5 or more people who are present may have up to 2 minutes per group member, up to 10 minutes maximum. e. Please note that due to cyber security concerns, speakers are not allowed to Page 1 1 PC 03-09-2026 1 of 267 Planning Commission Agenda March 9, 2026 connect any personal devices at the lectern/podium. However, speakers that wish to share a document (e.g. presentations, photographs or other documents) during oral comments may do so in one of the following ways: · At the overhead projector at the podium or · E-mail the document to planning@cupertino.gov by 3:00 p.m. and staff will advance the slides/share the documents during your oral comment. 2) Written communications as follows: a. E-mail comments to planningcommission@cupertino.gov b. Regular mail or hand delivered addressed to the: Cupertino Planning Commission, City Hall, 10300 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014 c. Comments addressed to the Planning Commission received by 5:00 p.m. on the day of the meeting will be included in written communications published and distributed before the beginning of the meeting. d. Comments addressed to the Planning Commission received after the 5:00 p.m. deadline, but through the end of the Planning Commission meeting, will be posted to the City’s website by the end of the following business day. 3) Teleconference in one of the following ways: a. Online via Zoom on an electronic device (Audio and Video): Speakers must register in advance by clicking on the link below to access the meeting: https://cityofcupertino.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_m_7XTp0cRJ-eNvmC3k7xQw · Registrants will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar. · Speakers will be recognized by the name they use for registration. Once recognized, speakers must click ‘unmute’ when prompted to speak. · Please read the following instructions about technical compatibility carefully: One can directly download the teleconference (Zoom) software or connect to the meeting in their internet browser. If a browser is used, make sure the most current and up-to-date browser, such as the following, is used: Chrome 30+, Firefox 27+, Microsoft Edge 12+, Safari 7+. Certain functionality may be disabled in older browsers, including Internet Explorer. b. By Phone (Audio only): No registration is required in advance and speakers may join the meeting as follows: i. Dial 669-900-6833 and enter WEBINAR ID: 824 9912 5816 ii. To “raise hand” to speak: Dial *9; When asked to unmute: Dial *6 iii. Speakers will be recognized to speak by the last four digits of their phone number. c. Via an H.323/SIP room system: i. H.323 Information: Page 2 2 PC 03-09-2026 2 of 267 Planning Commission Agenda March 9, 2026 144.195.19.161 (US West) 206.247.11.121 (US East) Meeting ID: 824 9912 5816 ii. SIP: 82499125816@zoomcrc.com d. Online via the teleconferencing device (Audio and Video) being used to provide access to the meeting from a remote Teleconference Location noticed pursuant to Gov. Code 54953(b)(2), which location, if noticed, would be stated on the cover page of this agenda. i. Speakers are required to notify the City Clerk via email to cityclerk@cupertino.gov prior to noon on the date of the meeting during which they plan to participate and comment from the remote location noticed to ensure the City Clerk is prepared to accept their comment. ii. If the teleconferencing device malfunctions impeding access to the meeting from the remote location, the speaker may alternatively participate via the other options for remote participation provided above. 6 : 45 p.m. in Cupertino Community Hall, 10350 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, California 95014 and via teleconference. Said special meeting shall be for the purpose of conducting business on the subject matters listed below under the heading, “Special Meeting." SPECIAL MEETING PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ROLL CALL APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1.Subject: Approval of the February 24, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. Recommended Action: Approve the February 24, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. 1 - Draft Minutes POSTPONEMENTS ORAL COMMUNICATIONS This portion of the meeting is reserved for persons wishing to address the Commission on any matter within the jurisdiction of the Commission and not on the agenda. Speakers are limited to three (3) minutes. In most cases, State law will prohibit the Commission from making any decisions with respect Page 3 3 PC 03-09-2026 3 of 267 Planning Commission Agenda March 9, 2026 to a matter not on the agenda. STUDY SESSION 2.Subject: Update to the Health and Safety Element of the Cupertino General Plan: 2015 - 2040 Community Vision Recommended Action: Receive the presentation and provide input on the Public Draft of the Health and Safety Element. Staff Report 1 - Placeworks Memo re: Health and Safety Element update 2 - Exhibit 1 - Draft Element Appendix E and Appendix H 3 - Exhibit 2 - Evacuation_Route_Capacity_Analysis_Oct_2025 PUBLIC HEARINGS - None Effective January 1, 2023, Government Code Section 65103.5 (SB 1214) limits the distribution of copyrighted material associated with the review of development projects. Members of the public wishing to view plans that cannot otherwise be distributed under SB 1214 may make an appointment with the Planning Division to view them at City Hall by sending an email to planning@cupertino.org. Plans will also be made available digitally during the hearing to consider the proposal. OLD BUSINESS - None NEW BUSINESS 3.Subject: 2025 General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report Receive the General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report for the 2025 Reporting Year. Staff Report 1 - LCI APR Guidelines Memo for 2025 2 - GP APR for 2025 Reporting Year 3 - Exhibit 1 - 2025 Housing Element APR STAFF AND COMMISSION REPORTS This portion of the meeting is reserved for staff to provide any updates on matters pertinent to the Commission and for Commissioners to report on any Commission related activities they have taken part in since the prior regularly scheduled meeting. FUTURE AGENDA SETTING This portion of the meeting is reserved for the Chair or any two Commissioners to propose a future agenda item within the jurisdiction of the Commission. A proposal to add a future agenda item shall be brief and without discussion by the Commission. ADJOURNMENT Page 4 4 PC 03-09-2026 4 of 267 Planning Commission Agenda March 9, 2026 If you challenge the action of the Planning Commission in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the public hearing described in this agenda, or in written correspondence delivered to the City of Cupertino at, or prior to, the public hearing. In the event an action taken by the Planning Commission is deemed objectionable, the matter may be officially appealed to the City Council in writing within fourteen (14) days of the date of the Commission’s decision. Said appeal is filed with the City Clerk (Ordinance 632). In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), anyone who is planning to attend this meeting who is visually or hearing impaired or has any disability that needs special assistance should call the City Clerk's Office at 408-777-3223, at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting to arrange for assistance. In addition, upon request in advance by a person with a disability, meeting agendas and writings distributed for the meeting that are public records will be made available in the appropriate alternative format. Any writings or documents provided to a majority of the Planning Commission after publication of the packet will be made available for public inspection in the Community Development Department located at City Hall, 10300 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, California 95014 during normal business hours and in Planning packet archives linked from the agenda/minutes page on the City web site. IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please be advised that pursuant to Cupertino Municipal Code section 2.08.100, written communications sent to the City Council, Commissioners or staff concerning a matter on the agenda are included as supplemental material to the agendized item. These written communications are accessible to the public through the City website and kept in packet archives. Do not include any personal or private information in written communications to the City that you do not wish to make public, as written communications are considered public records and will be made publicly available on the City website. For questions on any items in the agenda, or for documents related to any of the items on the agenda, contact the Planning Department at (408) 777 3308 or planning@cupertino.org. Page 5 5 PC 03-09-2026 5 of 267 CITY OF CUPERTINO Agenda Item ..Title Subject:Approval of the February 24, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. Approve the February 24, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. CITY OF CUPERTINO Printed on 3/4/2026Page 1 of 1 6 PC 03-09-2026 6 of 267 DRAFT MINUTES CUPERTINO PLANNING COMMISSION Tuesday, February 24, 2026 At 6:45 p.m. Chair Tracy Kosolcharoen called the Regular Planning Commission meeting to order and led the Pledge of Allegiance in the Cupertino Community Hall Council Chamber, 10350 Torre Avenue and via teleconference. ROLL CALL Present: Chair Tracy Kosolcharoen, Vice Chair Steven Scharf, and Commissioners David Fung, Seema Lindskog and Santosh Rao. Absent: None. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1. Subject: Approval of the February 10, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. Recommended Action: Approve the February 10, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes. Commissioners made corrections to the minutes. MOTION: Rao moved and Lindskog seconded to approve the February 10, 2026 Planning Commission Minutes as amended. The motion carried with the following vote: Ayes: Kosolcharoen, Scharf, Fung, Lindskog, Rao. Noes: None. Abstain: None. Absent: None. POSTPONEMENTS – None ORAL COMMUNICATIONS – None PUBLIC HEARINGS 2. Subject: Consider: 1) a Hillside Exception for grading on slopes exceeding 30% in order to create a flat yard area, 2) an R-1 Exception for garage design, 3) a Design Review Permit for a new two-story residence with second story side setbacks of less than 15 feet and a second to first floor area ratio exceeding 66%, 4) a Minor Residential Permit for a balcony, and 5) a Tree Removal Permit for the removal and replacement of five Protected native oak trees (ranging in size between 12-inches DBH to 18-inches DBH) to allow the creation of the flat yard areas. (Application No(s).: EXC-2025-007, EXC-2025-008, R-2024-029, RM-2024-028, TR-2024-043; Applicant(s): David 7 PC 03-09-2026 7 of 267 Kuoppamaki; Location: 22068 San Fernando Court; APN(s): 357 12 012) Recommended Action: That the Planning Commission: a. Find the project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); b. Conditionally approve R-2024-029, EXC-2025-007, and TR-2024-043; and c. Approve EXC-2025-008 and RM-2024-028, based on the Draft Resolutions. Chair Kosolcharoen opened the public hearing. Assistant Director of Community Development Luke Connolly introduced Senior Planner Emi Sugiyama. Commissioners made ex-parte disclosures. Senior Planner Emi Sugiyama gave a presentation. Commissioners asked questions which staff responded to. The applicant David Kuoppamaki spoke. Commissioners asked questions which staff and the applicant responded to. Chair Kosolcharoen opened the public comment period and the following people spoke: • Connie Cunningham, Housing Commissioner, representing self • Rhoda Fry • Peggy Griffin Chair Kosolcharoen closed the public comment period. MOTION: Rao moved to table the item until the plans are complete. The Commission did not vote on this motion. MOTION: Lindskog moved and Fung seconded to find the project exempt from CEQA, conditionally approve the R-1 exception for the garage design, the design review permit for the two-story residence with second story side setbacks of less than 15 feet and the second to first floor area ratio exceeding 66%, and the minor residential permit for the balcony, but do not approve the hillside exception, or the Tree Removal Permit for the removal and replacement of five protected native oak trees, and do not require the staff- recommended conditions that the applicant revise the design to reduce their building mass. 8 PC 03-09-2026 8 of 267 FRIENDLY AMENDMENT: Kosolcharoen made a friendly amendment to accept staff's recommendation about the building massing concerns related to the height of the flat roof portions of the building (Lindskog and Fung accepted this friendly amendment). The motion carried with the following vote: Ayes: Kosolcharoen, Fung, Lindskog. Noes: Scharf, Rao. Abstain: None. Absent: None. At 7:55 p.m., Chair Kosolcharoen recessed the meeting. The meeting reconvened at 8:01 p.m. with all Commissioners present. 3. Subject: Consider a Tentative Map, Architectural and Site Approval, and Tree Removal Permit for the construction of a 51-unit townhome condominium development on Housing Element Priority Housing Sites 25 through 28. The project utilizes Senate Bill 330 and provisions of State Density Bonus law. (Application No(s): TM-2024-009, ASA-2024-015, TR-2024-044; Applicant: Summerhill Homes, LLC; Location: 10857, 10867, 10877, and 10887 Linda Vista Drive; APNs: 356-06-001, -002, -003, and -004). Recommended Action: Staff recommends that the Planning Commission adopt the draft resolutions recommending that the City Council: 1. Find the project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); 2. Make the required findings of No Net Loss (SB 166); and 3. Approve the following permits: a. Tentative Final Map (TM-2024-009) (Attachment 1); b. Architectural & Site Approval Permit (ASA-2024-015) (Attachment 2); and c. Tree Removal Permit (TR-2024-044) (Attachment 3) Chair Kosolcharoen opened the public hearing. Assistant Director of Community Development Luke Connolly introduced the item and introduced Senior Planner Emi Sugiyama. Chair Kosolcharoen opened the floor to ex-parte communications. Senior Planner Emi Sugiyama gave a presentation. Commissioners asked questions which staff responded to. Austin Lin Development Manager for Summerhill Homes, Steve Bull, Vice President of Development for the Project, Kevin Ebrahimi, Senior Vice President of Development of Summerhill Homes, members of the design team, and legal counsel Margo Bradish from Cox, Castle & Nicholson spoke. 9 PC 03-09-2026 9 of 267 Commissioners asked questions, which staff, the development team at Summerhill Homes, and legal counsel responded to. Chair Kosolcharoen opened the public comment period and the following people spoke: • David Yan • Derchang Kau, Frank Swason, and Alice Lin • Henry Woo Sang Jr. • Al Spencer • Patrick Sweemey • Keith Kreft • Jennifer Griffin • PK • Mark Fantozzi and Ahmad Yazdi • Vakram Saxeam • Craig Cummings • Srinivas Raghvendra • Rhoda Fry • Connie Cunningham, Housing Commissioner, representing self • Lin Y • Lisa Warren • Nicholas Kao • Louis Mirante Chair Kosolcharoen closed the public comment period. The development team at Summerhill Homes spoke. Chair Kosolcharoen closed the public hearing. Chair Kosolcharoen re-opened the public hearing. Assistant Fire Marshal Brad Fox spoke. Commissioners asked questions which the Assistant Fire Marshal responded to. Jennifer Mastro from SDG Architects spoke. Commissioners asked questions which the Assistant Fire Marshal and the development team at Summerhill Homes responded to. 10 PC 03-09-2026 10 of 267 Commissioners asked questions which staff, the development team at Summerhill Homes, and the Assistant Fire Marshal responded to. Commissioners asked questions, which resident Henry Woo Sang responded to. Commissioners asked questions which staff, the Assistant Fire Marshal and the development team at Summerhill Homes responded to. Chair Kosolcharoen closed the public hearing. MOTION: Rao moved and Scharf seconded to move the staff recommendation with the following amendments: to deny the request for credit of park in-lieu fees for the construction of the proposed trail connection, to limit construction truck traffic between the hours of 7:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. as per Municipal Code for the streets surrounding the project namely Linda Vista Drive, Hyannisport Drive, Bubb Road, and McClellan Road, and to include privacy shrubs if the applicant and the residents find this to be amenable. This motion was not voted on. FRIENDLY AMENDMENT: Lindskog made a friendly amendment to the motion to include the parkland in-lieu fee credit for the trail connection. (Rao did not accept this friendly amendment). SUBSTITUTE MOTION: Lindskog moved and Fung seconded to move the staff recommendation with the following amendments: to limit construction truck traffic between the hours of 7:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. as per Municipal Code for the streets surrounding the project namely Linda Vista Drive, Hyannisport Drive, Bubb Road, and McClellan Road, and to ask that the applicant include privacy shrubs if the applicant and the residents find this to be amenable. The motion carried with the following vote: Ayes: Kosolcharoen, Fung, Lindskog. Noes: Rao and Scharf. Abstain: None. Absent: None. OLD BUSINESS – None NEW BUSINESS – None STAFF AND COMMISSION REPORTS Assistant Director of Community Development Luke Connolly noted that the next Planning Commission meeting will take place on Monday, March 9, where the Commission will discuss the annual General Plan Update that goes to Sacramento on April 1. He also provided updates on 11 PC 03-09-2026 11 of 267 various upcoming projects. FUTURE AGENDA SETTING – None. ADJOURNMENT At 11:03 p.m. Chair Kosolcharoen adjourned the Regular Planning Commission Meeting. Minutes prepared by: Lindsay Nelson, Administrative Assistant 12 PC 03-09-2026 12 of 267 CITY OF CUPERTINO Agenda Item Subject: Update to the Health and Safety Element of the Cupertino General Plan: 2015 - 2040 Community Vision Receive the presentation and provide input on the Public Draft of the Health and Safety Element. CITY OF CUPERTINO Printed on 3/4/2026Page 1 of 1 13 PC 03-09-2026 13 of 267 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CITY HALL 10300 TORRE AVENUE • CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255 TELEPHONE: (408) 777-3308 CUPERTINO.GOV PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF REPORT Meeting: March 9, 2026 Subject Update to the Health and Safety Element of the Cupertino General Plan: 2015 – 2040 Community Vision Recommended Actions Receive the presentation and provide input on the Public Draft of the Health and Safety Element. Discussion Background The Health and Safety Element is a State-mandated element of the General Plan that addresses the threats posed by natural and human-caused hazards to Cupertino and establishes goals and policies to reduce risk to the community. The current Health and Safety Element was adopted in 2014. Since that time, State law has expanded requirements related to wildfire, flooding, climate change adaptation, and evacuation planning. The California Government Code requires all local jurisdictions to review and, as necessary, update their Safety Element upon each revision of the Housing Element or Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), or at least once every eight years. The City adopted updates to the Housing Element and the Santa Clara County Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, including the City-specific LHMP section, in 2024, triggering this update. Analysis The updated Health and Safety Element ensures compliance with current State law, integrates climate vulnerability findings, incorporates detailed evacuation capacity analysis and mapping, reflects updated wildfire hazard designations, and strengthens policies addressing both new and existing developments across all major hazard categories. 14 PC 03-09-2026 14 of 267 In 2025, City and PlaceWorks staff presented the broad policy areas that the Health and Safety Element Update would cover to the Planning Commission and Public Safety Commission during scheduled study sessions. Commissioners and members of the public provided comments on several policy areas, many of which were incorporated into the public draft. Details regarding the updates to the Health and Safety Element are available in the attached memo (see Attachment A) from Placeworks. At this time, the project team seeks input from the Planning Commission, and subsequently from the City Council, prior to submission for state agency review. Next Steps The public draft of the Health and Safety Element will be presented to the City Council after presentation and input from the Planning Commission. Following study sessions, the draft will be submitted to the Department of Forestry and Wildfire (CAL Fire). Upon completion of state agency review, staff will bring the updated Health and Safety Element forward for public hearings to consider adoption later this year. Prepared by: Piu Ghosh, Planning Manager Reviewed and Approved for Submission by: Luke Connolly, Assistant Director of Community Development Attachments: A – Placeworks Memo re: Health and Safety Element update Exhibit 1 – Draft Health and Safety Element and Appendices E and H of General Plan Exhibit 2 – 2025 Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment 15 PC 03-09-2026 15 of 267 MEMORANDUM DATE March 2, 2026 TO Piu Ghosh, Planning Manager Luke Connolly, Assistant Director of Community Development FROM Tammy L. Seale, PlaceWorks, Principal Eli Krispi, PlaceWorks, Interim Project Manager Miles Barker, PlaceWorks, Associate SUBJECT City of Cupertino Health and Safety Element Update – Study Session Memo Introduction The Health and Safety Element is a State-mandated element of the General Plan that addresses the threats posed by natural and human-caused hazards to Cupertino and establishes goals and policies to reduce risk to the community. The current Health and Safety Element was adopted in 2014. Since that time, State law has expanded requirements related to wildfire, flooding, climate change adaptation, and evacuation planning. The California Government Code requires all local jurisdictions to review and, as necessary, update their Safety Element upon each revision of the Housing Element or Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), or at least once every eight years. The City adopted updates to the Housing Element and the Santa Clara County Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, including the City’s Annex, in 2024, triggering this update. The updated Health and Safety Element ensures compliance with current State law, integrates climate vulnerability findings, incorporates detailed evacuation capacity analysis and mapping, reflects updated wildfire hazard designations, and strengthens policies addressing both new and existing development across all major hazard categories. This memorandum summarizes the applicable California Government Code requirements, describes how the updated draft Health and Safety Element (see Exhibit 1) satisfies those requirements, highlights key updates in the draft, and outlines next steps prior to formal review and public hearings. In 2025, City and PlaceWorks staff presented the Health and Safety Element Update to the Planning Commission and Public Safety Commission during scheduled study sessions. Commissioners and members of the public provided comments and direction on several policy areas, including clarification of distinctions between new and existing development standards, evacuation planning and emergency access, wildfire risk reduction and defensible space, emergency preparedness staffing and coordination, and climate resilience strategies. The current draft Health and Safety Element reflects revisions to policies and implementation measures in response to those discussions. 16 PC 03-09-2026 16 of 267 Regulatory Framework UPDATES TO SAFETY ELEMENT STATE LAW SINCE 2015 Since adoption of the 2014 Health and Safety Element, amendments to Government Code Section 65302(g) have expanded local requirements related to wildfire, flooding, climate change adaptation, and evacuation planning. In particular, legislation enacted through Senate Bill (SB) 1241 (2012), SB 379 (2015), SB 99, (2019), Assembly Bill (AB) 747 (2019), AB 1409 (2021), and AB 2684 (2024) strengthened requirements for wildfire risk reduction, climate vulnerability assessment, evacuation route analysis, and extreme heat planning. SB 1241 was adopted in 2012, prior to adoption of the 2014 Health and Safety Element; however, guidance for compliance with its requirements has evolved as the State’s fire protection codes and regulations have strengthened. This update ensures compliance with current guidance from CAL FIRE and best practices. The proposed draft Health and Safety Element ensures compliance with current State law requirements and incorporates expanded provisions related to wildfire, flooding, climate adaptation, and evacuation planning. The proposed draft Element addresses the following sections of Government Code Section 65302. The 2014 Health and Safety Element includes limited flood-related policies and background discussion. The updated Element expands the flood hazard section to incorporate updated mapping, current flood risk data, and identification of responsible flood control agencies and coordination mechanisms. It strengthens policies addressing flood risk reduction and incorporates resilience strategies applicable to both existing and future development in flood-prone areas. The revised section also contains policies to reduce potential flood impacts to critical infrastructure and essential facilities, consistent with current statutory requirements. The 2014 Health and Safety Element includes general wildfire protection policies but does not reflect updated State mapping or current wildfire risk conditions. The updated Element incorporates the most recent Fire Hazard Severity Zone (FHSZ) mapping for both Local Responsibility Area (LRA) and State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands and updates the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area framework, replacing prior mapping references in the 2014 Health and Safety Element to ensure consistency with current State designations. Consistent with the City’s June 2025 adoption of the updated LRA FHSZ map into Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter 16.74 (Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area), the draft Element specifies that where a parcel is mapped within multiple FHSZ designations (such as Moderate and High), the parcel is subject to the requirements associated with the highest mapped severity. This approach ensures consistency with the City’s adopted ordinance and supports clear, uniform implementation of wildfire risk reduction measures. The updated draft Element also provides expanded background information on wildfire conditions, identifies responsible fire protection agencies, and strengthens policies designed to reduce wildfire risk to new development and essential facilities. 17 PC 03-09-2026 17 of 267 Section 65302(g)(4) – Climate Change Adaptation (SB 379, adopted in 2015) The 2014 Health and Safety Element does not include a formal climate change vulnerability assessment as required under SB 379. The updated draft Element integrates the City’s vulnerability assessment findings and expands discussion of climate-related hazards, including extreme heat. It identifies populations and infrastructure who are most vulnerable to these hazards and incorporates new goals, policies, and implementation measures focused on adaptation and resilience, consistent with current State law. The 2014 Health and Safety Element does not identify residential parcels in hazard-prone areas that lack sufficient emergency access. The updated draft Element addresses this requirement through parcel-level analysis of residential street accessibility to identify parcels located in hazard areas with limited egress routes. This analysis is incorporated into the draft Element and informed development of policies supporting improved emergency access planning and coordination with emergency management agencies to reduce evacuation risk. The 2014 Health and Safety Element does not include evaluation of evacuation route capacity, safety, or viability under multiple hazard scenarios. The proposed draft Element incorporates findings from the 2025 Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment (refer to Exhibit 2) and identifies primary evacuation routes and gateways. It evaluates route performance under wildfire, earthquake, and combined hazard scenarios and integrates evacuation considerations into land use and development policies to ensure consistency with statutory requirements. Government Code Section 65302.01, enacted through AB 2684, requires that upon the next update of one or more General Plan elements on or after January 1, 2028, a city or county must review and update its Safety Element, as necessary, to address the hazard of extreme heat. The statute authorizes a jurisdiction that has adopted an Extreme Heat Action Plan or other document that fulfills commensurate goals and objectives to use that information to comply with this requirement. If doing so, the jurisdiction must summarize and incorporate that plan into the Safety Element. The statute also allows the use or reference of information contained in the State Extreme Heat Action Plan and the State Hazard Mitigation Plan. After this initial update, the planning agency must review and, if necessary, revise the Safety Element upon each revision of the Housing Element or LHMP, but not less than once every eight years, to identify new information relating to extreme heat hazards that was not available during the previous revision. Summary of Key Updates The updated draft Health and Safety Element provides revised background information for applicable hazards and associated updated mapping and updated goals, policies, and strategies. The draft element is supported by updated appendices and the City’s 2025 Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment, which evaluates evacuation demand, route capacity, and performance under multiple hazard scenarios. The updated policies and strategies in the draft Health and Safety Element are organized by nine goals:  Goal HS-1: Reduce hazard risks through regional coordination and mitigation planning. 18 PC 03-09-2026 18 of 267  Goal HS-2: Ensure a high level of emergency preparedness for natural and human-caused disasters.  Goal HS-3: Protect the community from hazards associated with wildland and urban fires.  Goal HS-4: Ensure high levels of community safety with police services that meet the community’s needs.  Goal HS-5: Reduce risks associated with geologic and seismic hazards.  Goal HS-6: Protect people and property from the risks associated with hazardous materials and exposure to electromagnetic fields.  Goal HS-7: Protect people and property from risks associated with floods.  Goal HS-8: Minimize noise impacts on the community and maintain a compatible noise environment for existing and future land use.  Goal HS-9: Increase community resilience to climate change hazards. The draft element represents a comprehensive update of all sections and hazards. This section describes key updates to each hazard section in response to State requirements. The Emergency Preparedness and Response section has been strengthened to reflect current best practices and recent operational experience. The updated draft Element expands discussion of emergency communications, multilingual alert systems, and coordination with regional and County agencies. It also updates and includes new policies supporting the resilience of critical infrastructure, including energy, telecommunications, water, and transportation systems, and addresses potential impacts associated with Public Safety Power Shutoffs and other service disruptions. In addition, the updated draft Element incorporates policies and strategies designed to improve emergency preparedness and response for vulnerable populations, including individuals with disabilities, seniors, low-income households, and persons experiencing homelessness. These policies support expanded outreach, education, continuity planning, and access to emergency resources during hazard events. To comply with Sections 65302(g)(5) and 65302.15 of the California Government Code, the City completed the 2025 Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment. The analysis evaluated evacuation demand and route performance under wildfire, earthquake, and combined hazard scenarios. Findings indicate that certain primary corridors west of SR-85 may experience congestion under peak evacuation conditions. The analysis also identified the potential for localized bottlenecks during high-demand evacuation events, particularly where roadway geometry, signalized intersections, or merging conditions constrain traffic flow. These bottlenecks may occur during single-hazard events and could be exacerbated under compounded hazard scenarios. The analysis also identified a small percentage of households that may require evacuation assistance due to mobility limitations or lack of access to private vehicles. The updated Health and Safety Element incorporates these findings by identifying evacuation-constrained areas, reinforcing ingress and egress considerations in development review, including policies that support provision of multiple evacuation routes where feasible, and supporting coordination with emergency management agencies to improve evacuation planning and response. 19 PC 03-09-2026 19 of 267 WILDFIRE HAZARD MAPPING AND RISK REDUCTION The updated Health and Safety Element incorporates the most recent FHSZ mapping prepared by CAL FIRE and adopted by the City in June 2025 through amendments to Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter 16.74 (Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area). LRA FHSZ maps classify properties as Moderate, High, or Very High Fire Hazard Severity based on consistent statewide criteria, including fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and anticipated fire behavior. During the 2025 adoption process, the City revised parcel-level designations to ensure that only one FHSZ applies to each affected parcel. Where CAL FIRE mapping identified more than one severity zone on a single parcel, the City applied the higher of the mapped designations to ensure clarity and consistency in implementation of fire hazard reduction standards. As part of this update, the prior Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area (WUIFA) mapping framework has been replaced by the adopted LRA FHSZ designations. Rather than maintaining a separate locally defined overlay, the City now relies on the adopted LRA FHSZ boundaries as the regulatory basis for wildfire-related development standards. Chapter 16.74 of the Cupertino Municipal Code has been amended accordingly. Consistent with these updates, the Health and Safety Element revises wildfire-related policies and strategies to align with CAL FIRE’s standard recommendations for existing and new development within High and Very High FHSZs. These revisions clarify defensible space requirements, ignition-resistant construction standards, vegetation management expectations, and other wildfire risk reduction measures applicable within the FHSZs. The seismic and geologic hazards section has been updated to reflect current mapping, regulatory requirements, and best practices. The revised draft Element updates and refines policies addressing fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction, landslide, and slope stability hazards. The section also acknowledges the potential for cascading impacts associated with seismic events, including infrastructure disruption, utility outages, and damage to transportation networks that may affect evacuation routes, emergency access, and delivery of critical services. The Hazardous Waste and Materials section has been updated to reflect current regulatory oversight and strengthen policies requiring environmental site assessment and mitigation where appropriate. The revised section reinforces coordination with State and regional regulatory agencies and maintains risk reduction measures for development in proximity to known hazardous materials sites. The flood hazard section has been revised to incorporate updated Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map data and dam failure and inundation mapping. The updated draft Element strengthens coordination with flood control agencies and updates and refines policies addressing risk reduction for both existing and future development in flood-prone areas, including protection of critical infrastructure and essential facilities. The revised section also strengthens policies addressing risk to 20 PC 03-09-2026 20 of 267 essential facilities in flood-prone areas, consistent with State requirements. Emergency response and continuity considerations associated with flood and dam failure events have also been reinforced. A noise element is a required element of the General Plan, but it is not a required component of a safety element or this comprehensive update. In Cupertino, the noise element is incorporated into the Health and Safety Element. Minor updates have been made to the noise element to ensure consistency with current municipal requirements and requests shared by the Planning Commission and Public Safety Commission during the 2025 study sessions. For example, the proposed revisions to the noise section include new implementation strategies regarding considerations for approval of new noise generating uses, including public and private recreational uses, in or near residential areas and consideration of restrictions for quarry trucks during quiet hours. Consistent with California Government Code Section 65302(g)(4), the updated Health and Safety Element incorporates a comprehensive climate change vulnerability assessment. The assessment identified flooding, extreme heat, and wildfire as the climate change-related hazards posing the greatest risk to Cupertino’s residents and infrastructure. The 2014 Element did not include a formal climate vulnerability assessment or a focused discussion of extreme heat. The updated Element addresses this gap by establishing a Climate Change Resilience section, within which extreme heat is evaluated as a distinct climate-driven hazard. The Vulnerability Assessment evaluated eight climate-related hazards across 45 population groups and community assets and found that residents are particularly vulnerable to extreme heat, flooding, and human health hazards. The most vulnerable populations include individuals with chronic illness or disabilities, seniors living alone, households in poverty, and persons experiencing homelessness. The assessment also identified key infrastructure systems as highly vulnerable, including energy and communication infrastructure, the transportation network and public transit services, and water and wastewater systems, which may be disrupted by flooding, extreme heat events, severe storms, or wildfire- related Public Safety Power Shutoffs. In response, the updated Element introduces goals, policies, and strategies specifically designed to reduce risks to these populations and assets. In addition, climate considerations are integrated throughout the individual wildfire and flood hazard sections to ensure alignment between vulnerability findings and hazard mitigation strategies. The updated Element also incorporates adaptation strategies that strengthen resilience across multiple hazards, including community resilience centers, green infrastructure and other nature-based solutions, water conservation measures, and strategies that reduce long-term exposure to heat, wildfire, and flood risk. The updated draft Health and Safety Element establishes a clear distinction within its policies between regulatory standards applicable to new development and redevelopment and risk reduction measures applicable to existing development. Policies addressing new development and subdivisions use mandatory language and require compliance with current Building and Fire Codes, FHSZ standards, fire protection 21 PC 03-09-2026 21 of 267 planning requirements, seismic and geologic review processes, and evacuation access standards. These policies also condition approval of new development on adequate emergency access, fire service capacity, and infrastructure improvements proportional to project demand. In contrast, policies addressing existing development primarily encourage voluntary risk reduction measures, such as enhanced shading, energy-efficient retrofits, and resilience improvements, except in defined circumstances such as substantial site modification or change of use. This structure provides clarity regarding regulatory obligations for new projects while supporting risk reduction in existing neighborhoods without imposing retroactive development standards. This distinction supports transparent and predictable implementation during development review and aligns policy application with current State-mandated safety requirements. The updated Health and Safety Element aligns with and incorporates relevant findings from the 2024 Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, consistent with AB 2140, as well as the Emergency Operations Plan, the Community Wildfire Protection Plan, and Climate Action Plan 2.0. Updated appendices reflect current technical analyses and hazard mapping. Following incorporation of feedback from the Planning Commission and City Council, the City will transmit the draft Health and Safety Element to CAL FIRE staff for review and a formal hearing by the Board of Forestry, consistent with Government Code requirements applicable to jurisdictions containing Very High FHSZs. CAL FIRE review will occur prior to public hearings and could take up to 90 days. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302(g), jurisdictions that contain SRA lands or Very High FHSZs must submit draft Safety Element updates to CAL FIRE for review to ensure that wildfire policies are consistent with State fire hazard mapping, defensible space requirements, ignition-resistant construction standards, evacuation planning requirements, and other wildfire risk reduction provisions. CAL FIRE evaluates whether the Safety Element adequately addresses wildfire hazards and incorporates appropriate policies consistent with State law. Following review of the Safety Element by CAL FIRE staff, the draft Element is presented to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for formal review and comments. The Board’s action confirms whether the Safety Element meets applicable statutory wildfire planning requirements. As required by State law, the City will also consult with the California Geological Survey (CGS) and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES). CGS provides technical comments regarding seismic and geologic hazard policies, including provisions addressing earthquake fault zones, liquefaction, landslides, and other geologic risks. The purpose of this review is to ensure that the Safety Element appropriately considers available State hazard mapping and current scientific information related to geologic and seismic hazards. Cal OES primarily provides comments regarding hazard mitigation coordination. This review supports alignment between the Safety Element and broader emergency management and hazard mitigation planning efforts. 22 PC 03-09-2026 22 of 267 NEXT STEPS The project team seeks input from the Planning Commission and City Council prior to initiating formal review by State agencies and public hearings. Following study sessions and State agency review, City staff will bring the updated Health and Safety Element forward for public hearings. Staff expects to present the updated Element to the Planning Commission for consideration of an adoption recommendation to the City Council and to the City Council to consider adoption later this year. Attachments 1. Exhibit 1 – Draft Health and Safety Element 2. Exhibit 2 – 2025 Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment 23 PC 03-09-2026 23 of 267  24 PC 03-09-2026 24 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Introduction Community health and public safety responsibilities have to evolve to address the community’s growth and changing needs. The City is committed to maintaining a high level of preparedness to protect the community from risks to life, property, and the environment associated with both natural and human-caused disasters and hazards. In the future, more emphasis will be placed on sustainable approaches to community health and safety, including crime and fire prevention through design, improved use of technology, management of hazardous materials, and improved disaster planning. This Element includes goals, policies, and strategies that address the potential risks associated with these hazards, actions the City can take to reduce these risks, and ways the City and community can take more sustainable approaches for preventing or minimizing injuries to life and damages to property. CONTENTS: Introduction ContextOverview Purpose and Content Relationship to Other Local Plans Climate Change Vulnerability Public Safety Issues Looking Forward Goals, and Policies, and Strategies Emergency Preparedness and Response Regional Coordination Emergency Preparedness and Response Fire SafetyHazards Fire Safety Hazardous Waste and MaterialsPublic Safety Public SafetyServices Electromagnetic Fields Geologic and Seismic Hazards Seismic and Geologic Hazards Hazardous Materials Flood and Inundation HazardsGeologic and Flooding Climate Change Resilience Noise Noise Climate Change Resilience 25 PC 03-09-2026 25 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 1 CONTEXTOVERVIEW PURPOSE AND CONTENT The Health and Safety Element includes the City’s goals, policies, and strategies to minimize health and safety hazards and increase resilience in Cupertino. Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code requires that the Health and Safety Element contain background information and policies to address multiple natural hazards, an analysis of vulnerabilities from climate change, policies to improve climate change resilience, and an assessment of residential areas with evacuation constraints. The health and safety issues in Cupertino include the following:  Emergency preparedness and response  Fire hazards  Hazardous waste and materials  Electromagnetic fields  Seismic and geologic hazards  Flood and inundation hazards  Climate change resilience  Noise This element is supported by the Health and Safety Element Background Report (Appendix H), which provides detailed information for each of the health and safety issues. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LOCAL PLANS Cupertino General Plan’s Health and Safety Element is one of several plans that address community safety and related topics. Other City plans include the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (Hazard Mitigation Plan), the Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan, the Cupertino Climate Action Plan, and various local regulations. The Health and Safety Element is consistent with these other plans and integrates them as appropriate to ensure that the City has a unified strategy to address public safety and resilience issues. GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS The Health and Safety Element provides policy direction and safety improvements that complement the intent and policies of other General Plan elements. How land uses are determined in areas prone to natural hazards, what regulations limit development in these areas, and how hazards are mitigated for existing development are all issues that tie the elements together. For instance, the Recreation, Parks, and Community Services Element must consider how hazards will affect the park and recreation infrastructure and facilities in Cupertino but also recognize that parks can provide strategies to reduce flood risks throughout the city. The Housing Element is also closely tied to the Health and Safety Element. Future potential development in the city must be protected from hazards and be able to adapt to climate change hazards to ensure homes and the people living in them remain safe. Health and Safety 26 PC 03-09-2026 26 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 2 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Element policies, especially those concerning evacuation routes and critical facilities, must also be consistent with those of the Mobility Element. Interstate 280 and State Route 85 are Cupertino’s primary evacuation routes, supported by routes designated as arterials in the City’s Mobility Element. SANTA CLARA COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN The 2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan assesses the risk of hazards and vulnerabilities from natural and human-caused hazards, including risk to people and facilities, and identifies short-term (five-year) mitigation actions to reduce or eliminate hazard risks. The Hazard Mitigation Plan includes a dedicated annex for the City of Cupertino, which discusses Cupertino’s characteristics and history, development trends, hazard mitigation capabilities, integration with other hazard mitigation planning efforts, and vulnerabilities of specific facilities and infrastructure. Santa Clara County led the preparation of the Hazard Mitigation Plan in collaboration with the City and other local agencies and special districts, in accordance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s hazard mitigation assistance guidance. The City Council adopted the Cupertino annex on October 1, 2024. The current Hazard Mitigation Plan, including Cupertino’s annex, as certified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, is incorporated into this Health and Safety Element by reference, as permitted by California Government Code Section 65302.6. It is available online at: www.cupertino.org/emergencyplans. SANTA CLARA COUNTY COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN The 2023 Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan is a plan is to reduce fire hazards through increased information and education about wildfires, hazardous fuels reduction, actions to reduce structure ignitability, and other recommendations to assist emergency preparedness and fire- suppression efforts. The Santa Clara County Fire Department (Fire Department) prepared and published this plan, in collaboration with the Community Wildfire Protection Plan Core Team, made up of representatives of Santa Clara County organizations, including the City. The Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan complements local agreements and existing plans for wildfire protection to coordinate efforts in determining appropriate fire management actions. The Community Wildfire Protection Plan is available online at: www.cupertino.org/emergencyplans. 27 PC 03-09-2026 27 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 3 CITY OF CUPERTINO CLIMATE ACTION PLAN On August 16, 2022, the Cupertino City Council adopted the City’s Climate Action Plan 2.0 to address climate change challenges. Cupertino’s goal is to reduce the City’s greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by the year 2040. The Climate Action Plan describes a series of community-wide and municipal measures and actions that will aid the City in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to meet community goals. The Climate Action Plan includes topics such as energy, transportation, waste, water, plants and animals, and natural systems, as well as an adaptation chapter that is intended to help residents prepare for extreme weather events and the impacts of a changing climate. The Climate Action Plan is viewed as a strategic framework that will be re-evaluated regularly. The Climate Action Plan has targeted communitywide carbon neutrality by 2040 in line with the emergency climate declaration made by the City Council in 2018 and in support of state and international climate goals. The Climate Action Plan is available online at: https://www.cupertino.gov/Your-City/Divisions/Environment-Sustainability/Climate- Action CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY Changes to the global climate system are expected to affect future occurrences of natural hazards in and around Cupertino. Many hazards are projected to become more frequent and intense in coming years and decades, and in some cases, these trends have already begun. According to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, Cupertino can expect to experience various changes from climate- related hazard events. Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in wildfires in the surrounding area and across Santa Clara County due to hotter and drier conditions. Across the region, more frequent and intense wildfires may also create poor air quality for Cupertino. Warmer temperatures are projected to cause an increase in extreme heat events. The number of extreme heat days, defined in Cupertino as a day when the high temperature is at least 93.2 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), is expected to rise from a historical annual average of 5 to 14 days by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of 24 days by the end of the century (2070 to 2099). Both droughts and floods are expected to become more frequent as rainfall is likely to occur in fewer, more intense storms. Climate change is expected to cause an increase in heavy rainfall, which may also contribute to an increased risk of landslides in the hills around Cupertino. Climate change can increase infection rates from various diseases because many of the animals that carry diseases are more active during warmer weather. Warmer temperatures earlier in the spring and later in the winter can cause these animals to be active for extended periods, increasing the time these diseases can be transmitted. What is vulnerability? Vulnerability is the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of a capacity to adapt. Source: California Governor’s Oﬃce of Emergency Services. 2022. California AdaptaƟon Planning Guide. h ps://www.caloes.ca.gov/climate. 28 PC 03-09-2026 28 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 4 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Under California law (California Government Code Section 65302[g]), the Health and Safety Element is required to include a vulnerability assessment of how people, buildings, infrastructure, and other key community assets may be affected by climate change. The City of Cupertino conducted a Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment as part of preparation of the Safety Element, which assessed how eight different climate-related hazards (air quality and smoke, drought, extreme heat, flooding, human health hazards, landslides, severe storms, and wildfire) may affect 45 different population groups and community assets. Each population or asset received a score of low, medium, or high vulnerability for each climate-related hazard. Cupertino’s Vulnerability Assessment is included in the Health and Safety Element Background Report, Appendix H of the City’s General Plan. The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment found that Cupertino’s populations and assets are most vulnerable to flooding, extreme heat, and wildfire. Overall, residents in Cupertino tend to be most vulnerable to extreme heat, human health hazards, and flooding, which directly affect health outcomes. The most vulnerable population groups include those with chronic illness and/or disabilities, seniors living alone, households in poverty, and persons experiencing homelessness. Infrastructure and key services are also highly vulnerable, especially energy delivery and communication infrastructure, the transportation network and public transit services, and water and wastewater services, which can be disrupted by flooding that causes roadways to become impassable, extreme heat events that strain electricity transmission lines, and severe storms that cause Public Safety Power Shutoffs. To increase community resilience and help lower vulnerability, the Health and Safety Element includes goals, policies, and strategies, several of which are particular to the populations and assets identified to be highly vulnerable in the Vulnerability Assessment. PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES The City’s commitment to public safety encompasses two broad areas of responsibility: (1) provide public safety services, including preparing a response for emergencies such as natural disasters or structure fires; and (2) plan for a safe environment in which the public is not exposed to unnecessary risks to life and property. There are multiple areas in which the City develops policies and strategies to address Public Safety Issues as further described below. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Emergencies can severely impact the health of a community and a city or agency’s ability to provide needed services. Emergencies can include natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and forest fires, or others events such as infrastructure disruptions, security incidents, andor hazardous spills. Emergency preparedness includes activities that are undertaken before an emergency occurs so there is an effective and coordinated response. Emergency response accounts for actions taken after an emergency or disaster to minimize the negative effects, such as evacuation, emergency communication, 29 PC 03-09-2026 29 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 5 and coordinating first responders. Emergency preparedness and response requires the integration of the following elements into each of the City’s functions: emergency planning, coordination, mitigation, training, and public education. The City, its contributing agencies, and the community are partners in ensuring that emergency planning is effectively implemented. LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE The City of Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management, Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office West Valley Patrol Division, and Santa Clara County Fire Department conduct emergency preparedness activities in Cupertino. City of Cuper no’s Oﬃce of Emergency Management The City’s Office of Emergency Management (OEM) works to mitigate risks, to prepare, respond, and recover from emergencies affecting the city. OEM works with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department to conduct emergency response activities in Cupertino. OEM coordinates several volunteer programs vital to the community’s preparedness and resilience. These programs include the Cuper no Ci zen Corps, Block Leaders, and Neighborhood Watch. These ini a ves engage residents in proac ve measures to safeguard their neighborhoods, ensuring a robust community response in the face of emergencies. The OEM conducts regular community training sessions, equipping residents with essen al disaster preparedness and response skills. For instance, the Cuperno Ci zen Corps oﬀers Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training courses, which prepare volunteers to assist during emergencies and provide CPR and ﬁrst aid cer ﬁca on. The Block Leaders program also trains residents to organize and support their immediate community, fostering a network of informed and prepared individuals. Citywide exercises are essen al for the OEM, simula ng disaster scenarios to help oﬃcials, ﬁrst responders, and volunteers prac ce their response strategies. These exercises ensure everyone knows their roles and can act promptly during emergencies. The OEM collaborates closely with City departments and public safety agencies to provide a uniﬁed and coordinated response. The OEM also focuses on planning and protocol development and dra ing and upda ng emergency response plans that align with state and federal guidelines. These plans cover various hazards, including earthquakes, ﬂoods, and wildﬁres, ensuring swi and eﬀec ve recovery aer an emergency. The collabora ve eﬀorts with City departments and public safety agencies ensure comprehensive coverage and eﬃciency. By fostering a culture of preparedness and community involvement and working closely with City departments and public safety agencies, the OEM plays a crucial role in safeguarding Cuper no's residents, infrastructure, and services from poten al hazards. Santa Clara County Sheriﬀ’s Oﬃce The Santa Clara County Sheriﬀ’s Oﬃce, speciﬁcally the West Valley Patrol Division of the Santa Clara County Sheriﬀ’s Oﬃce, provides law enforcement services to the City of Cuper no in addi on to the ci es of 30 PC 03-09-2026 30 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 6 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Saratoga and Los Altos Hills, and the western unincorporated county areas from Summit Road to Moﬀe Field. The West Valley Patrol Division provides progressive law enforcement services and works towards maintaining healthy community partnerships. The Sheriﬀ's Oﬃce is integral to Cuper no's emergency response framework. In natural disasters, accidents, or other emergencies, the West Valley Division collaborates with the Oﬃce of Emergency Management and the Fire Department to coordinate evacua ons and manage emergencies to deliver a swi , coordinated response. The Santa Clara County Sheriﬀ’s Oﬃce strives to maintain high standards for their response mes to ensure that cri cal situa ons are addressed promptly, enhancing the safety and security of the community, as follows:  Priority 1 incidents, which include emergencies requiring immediate response, the expected response time is within five minutes.  Priority 2 incidents, which involve urgent but not life-threatening situations, have a target response time of under nine minutes.  For Priority 3 incidents, which are non-emergency calls, the Sheriff's Office aims to respond within 20 minutes. The Sheriﬀ's Oﬃce also par cipates in public safety educa on programs, informing residents about crime preven on, personal safety, and emergency preparedness. Depues rou nely par cipate in community events across all ci es in this endeavor. The City, and a number of surrounding jurisdic ons, contracts with the Santa Clara County Sheriﬀ’ s Oﬃce, West Valley Division, for law enforcement services. Law enforcement services include police patrols, criminal inves ga ons, traﬃc enforcement, accident inves ga on and tac cal teams. Santa Clara County Fire Department Firefighting and emergency medical services are provided to Cupertino by the Santa Clara County Fire Department through three fire stations:  Cupertino Fire Station at 20215 Stevens Creek Boulevard  Monta Vista Fire Station at 22620 Stevens Creek Boulevard  Seven Springs Fire Station at 21000 Seven Springs Parkway Figure HS-1 shows the loca on of ﬁre sta ons and their service areas in Cuper no. Response me is one metric for measuring level of service for ﬁgh ng ﬁre and emergency services. It is the policy of SCCFD to respond to 90 percent of emergency calls not requiring a paramedic in under seven minutes. For situa ons where emergency medical services are required, it is the policy that paramedics arrive in less than seven minutes at least 90 percent of the me. An increase in calls for ﬁre service and traﬃc conges on may aﬀect SCCFDs’ cri cal response me, and the District may need to adjust or expand staﬀ, and equipment in areas of high service demand in the future. Figure HS- 3 shows the loca on of ﬁre sta ons and their service areas in Cuper no. 31 PC 03-09-2026 31 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 7 FIGURE HS-1 FIRE SERVICE 32 PC 03-09-2026 32 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 8 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Santa Clara County Fire Department is a full service, all-risk, “all hazard” fire department that provides similar services to six other West Valley cities and adjacent unincorporated county areas. The Santa Clara County Fire Department is an internationally accredited agency through the Commission on Fire Accreditation International; therefore, frequently monitors and reviews multiple performance metrics to assure prompt and efficient delivery of firefighting resources to all emergencies based on risk. These metrics are compiled into the Department’s Community Risk Assessment -Standards of Cover document available on the Santa Clara County Fire Department website. The current performance benchmark is when fire apparatus arrives on scene to an emergency incident is:  Structure fire incidents, the first unit should arrive within 7 minutes, 40 seconds, 90 percent of the time.  Emergency medical incidents and non-structure fires, the first unit should arrive within 8 minutes, 40 seconds, 90 percent of the time. These times are from when the incident is acknowledged at the dispatch center, a unit(s) are dispatched, responds, and arrives on scene. Increases in population density will lead to an increase in service demand and potentially traffic congestion. This will impact the Fire Department’s critical response times, and the Department may need to adjust or expand staffing levels and equipment in areas of high service demand in the future. The Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Division provides comprehensive fire/life safety plan review for land development, new building construction, interior remodel projects, fire suppression, and fire alarm systems. The Division’s staff also perform construction inspections to ensure that completed projects conform to State and local fire safety regulations. In addition to conducting construction-related plan reviews and inspections, the Santa Clara County Fire Department provides annual occupancy and special event inspections, Defensible Space Inspections, and also offers community educational programs, such as those on Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and first aid certification. The Fire Department also provides first response Advanced Life Support paramedic level services to Cupertino. through an exclusive operating area agreement between the County of Santa Clara and Rural/Metro of California, Inc., d/b/a American Medical Response. The Department maintains a Santa Clara County Emergency Medical Service Multi-Casualty Incident supply trailer for large-scale emergency medical incidents and is a participant in Master Mutual Aid in the event of major disasters. In the event of a wildfire or an emergency, the Fire Department can issue evacuation warnings or evacuation orders in coordination with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management. 33 PC 03-09-2026 33 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 9 EMERGENCY PLANNING The State of California requires all state, regional, and local agencies and utilities, including the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and Santa Clara Valley Water District, to maintain their own emergency plans relating to the infrastructure they install and maintain. The City of Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management (OEM) coordinates citywide emergency planning and protocol development. CUPERTINO EMERGENCY PLAN Additionally, State law requires cities to prepare an emergency plan in order toto effectively respond to natural or human-caused disasters that threaten lives, the natural environment, or property. In the event of an emergency, the City would implement the Cupertino Emergency Operations Plan and rely on State, regional, and local agencies to implement their emergency operations plans, with the City supporting as needed. The Cupertino Emergency Operations Plan establishes an organizational framework to enable the City to manage its emergency response activities and to coordinate with County, State, and fFederal agencies. The Emergency Operations Plan was prepared in accordance with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and is used in conjunction with the State Emergency Plan, the Santa Clara Operational Disaster Response and Recovery Area Interim Agreement, Santa Clara County Emergency Operations Plan, as well as plans and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of contract agencies and special districts. The City reviews the Emergency Operations Plan annually and conducts periodic emergency disaster drills to ensure the plan is effective. When an incident occurs anywhere in Cupertino, the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and/or the Santa Clara County Fire Department will be the first to arrive at the scene, where they will implement the incident command system (ICS) and determine which agencies and resources need to be involved. Support personnel, such as City staff, special districts, and volunteer groups, are trained to perform specific functions in ICS and the Emergency Operations Center. The City maintains the Cupertino Alert, Warning, and Notification Program, which provides critical alerts and warnings to the public while sharing information among City departments and partner agencies before, during, and after an emergency. The Alert, Warning, and Notification Program is designed to help the City’s departments effectively coordinate information sharing and provide alerts, warnings and notification to the public before, during, and after any emergency or situation. To reach as many people as possible with crucial information, the City’s emergency alert, warning, and notification plan includes several information methods, such as the Emergency Alert and Warning System (AlertSCC, Genasys Protect), Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS), Cupertino.org, the City Channel (TV), Radio Cupertino, and social media sites such as Nextdoor, Facebook and X. AlertSCC is capable of notifying anyone who lives or works in Cupertino that is impacted by, or is in danger of being impacted by, an emergency. Alerts are distributed through AlertSCC via voice or text 34 PC 03-09-2026 34 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 10 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 messages to cell phones, home phones, personal digital assistants, laptops, desktop computers, and Teletypewriter/Telecommunications Devices for the Deaf (TTY/TDD) devices for the hearing impaired. IPAWS, FEMA's national alert system, is an online tool enabling jurisdictions to send emergency alerts to the public. It enables emergency officials to issue effective warnings during serious emergencies using the Emergency Alert System, Wireless Emergency Alerts, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Radio. The City also uses volunteers to disseminate public information about extreme weather events through an outreach program called Raising Awareness of Community Hazards. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER The City’s Emergency Operations Center is located on the first floor of City Hall, with an alternative location in the Service Center on Mary Avenue. The staffing and duties of the Emergency Operations Center are actively managed through the City’s Emergency Operations Plan.The EOC can be fully functional within 30 minutes of activation for a Level 3 activation on a work day, to up to multiple hours for a Level 1 activation on a weekend. Capabilities include emergency backup power, computer network and internet access, and telephone and radio communications to City and County sites. While the staffing and duties are actively managed through the City’s Emergency Operations Plan, there may be additional physical and seismic improvements required to City Hall to ensure that it can continue to meet the requirements of an Emergency Operations CenterEOC. It should be noted that due to structural deficiencies at the existing City Hall location, there may be additional physical and seismic improvements required to City Hall building to ensure that it can continue to meet the requirements of an Emergency Operations Center. Additional communication support is provided by volunteers from Cupertino Amateur Radio Emergency Service (CARES). CARES volunteers coordinate extensive citywide communications capabilities, including helping to connect neighbors, public safety officials, special districts, the City, and County dDepartments. DISASTER SERVICE WORKERS AND OTHER VOLUNTEERS During emergencies, all City employees are designated Disaster Service Workers under Section 3100 of the California Government CodeAll City employees are designated Disaster Service Workers under Section 3100 of the California Government Code during declared emergencies. They are may be required to remain at work as long as they are needed, and receive specific training in personal and home preparedness, First Aid, CPR, National Incident Management SystemNIMS, and Terrorism Awareness. Volunteer groups also play an important role in the City’s Emergency Operations Plan. The City is part of a countywide volunteer services plan and is working with the Emergency Volunteer Center, Blockleaders, and Neighborhood Watch to develop a plan for coordinating and deploying volunteers. Citizen Corps members (CARES, CERT, and Medical Reserve Corps) continue to receive appropriate training and equipment to rapidly respond throughout the Citycity and augment professional first 35 PC 03-09-2026 35 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 11 responders. Unregistered and untrained volunteers may be utilized and trained, as needed during a disaster. EMERGENCY EVACUATION With advanced warning, evacuation can effectively reduce injury and loss of life during a catastrophic event. Emergency evacuations can be triggered by a number of hazard events, especially wildfire and flooding, with the main goal of providing information to support residents and employees leaving a hazardous area in an orderly fashion. As shown in Figure HS-2, primary emergency access and evacuation routes include Interstate 280, which intersects the city from the northwest to the east along the northern portion of the city, State Route 85, which intersects the city from the north to southeast through the central portion of the city, and other local roadways that connect to these primary evacuation routes. It is important to note that the recommended evacuation routes in any given situation will depend on the specifics of the emergency. The Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Department manages evacuation events in Cupertino in coordination with the City’s Emergency Manager and Santa Clara County Fire Department. During an evacuation event the City and County Sheriff’s Department use the online Genasys Protect platform to identify evacuation zones and send out notifications to residents in those zones with evacuation warnings and/or orders. Evacuation orders and warnings are also sent out through AlertSCC emergency notification platform. There are 34 contiguous evacuation zones in the city. Maps of each zone are available through the City’s website: www.cupertino.gov/evacuation. California Government Code Section 65302(g)(5) requires cities to identify evacuation constrained residential parcels in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. Nearly all parcels in the city are in at least one hazard zone. Figure HS-3 shows residential parcels with evacuation constraints. This includes residential parcels located on a single access road and parcels in cul-de-sac neighborhoods with 10 parcels or more. As shown on Figure HS-3, evacuation constrained residential parcels in the western portion of Cupertino are also within Fire Hazard Severity Zones. The lack of multiple emergency access points limits roadway access for these properties, which may create difficulties if there is a need to evacuate. California Government Code Section 65302.15 requires Safety Elements to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability and evacuation locations under a range of emergency scenarios. In coordination with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department, the City conducted an Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment in October 2025 in compliance with Government Code Section 65302.15. The assessment evaluates the capacity, safety, and viability of evacuation routes and locations under three wildfire evacuation scenarios, assuming that evacuations would occur in the western portions of Cupertino:  Scenario A: A wildfire evacuation in the Fall at 2:00pm and all roadways would be open. 36 PC 03-09-2026 36 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 12 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026  Scenario B: A wildfire were to occur after an earthquake and evacuation would occur in the Summer at 6:00pm with road closures.  Scenario C: A wildfire were to occur after an earthquake and evacuation would occur in the Fall at 2:00pm with road closures. Based on these three scenarios, the assessment defines the evacuation area, evacuation routes, and estimates vehicle trips. The assessment found that each scenario would have varying capacity and viability constraints due to the number of evacuees, type of evacuees, and potential road closures. It is important to note that emergency scenarios are often unpredictable, and it is anticipated that evacuees would vacate at a rate that closely resembles a bell curve from the time an evacuation order is issued. General Plan Appendix I provides additional details about the Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment, including the analysis methods and results. 37 PC 03-09-2026 37 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 13 FIGURE HS-2 POTENTIAL EVACUATION ROUTES 38 PC 03-09-2026 38 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 14 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS-3 EVACUATION CONSTRAINED RESIDENTIAL AREAS 39 PC 03-09-2026 39 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 15 FIRE SAFETYFIRE HAZARDS Fire hazards include wildfires and urban fires. The combination of complex terrain, climate, vegetation, and development patterns contribute to an elevated risk of wildfire. Historically, the fire season extended from early summer through late fall of each year during the hotter, drier months, although it is increasingly a hazard that can occur year-round. Fire conditions arise from a combination of high temperatures, low moisture content in the air and plant matter, an accumulation of vegetation, and high winds. Two types of fires are of concern to Cupertino: wildfires, and structural fires. WILDFIRES Wildfires occur on mountains, hillsides, and grasslands. Fuel, weather, and topography are primary factors that affect how wildland fires spread. In and around Cupertino, grassland and woodland habitat provide highly flammable fuel that is conducive to wildfires. Due to Cupertino’s geographical location, it is exposed to hazards from both wildland and urban fires. There are approximately 16 square miles of hillsides included in and around the boundary of the city. These areas include State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands west of the city, such as Rancho San Antonio Open Space, Picchetti Ranch Open Space, Saratoga Creek County Park, and Sanborn County Park, as well as Local Responsibility Area (LRA) lands, including McClellan Ranch Preserve, Stevens Creek County Park, Fremont Older Open Space, residential neighborhoods along the western hillsides of the city, and the hillsides of Saratoga. There is limited information on historic fires in the Cupertino area. However, there is no recorded history of wildfires within the city. The closest known wildfire was the Stevens Fire which occurred on August 30, 2007. This wildfire burned 151 acres in the dry brush-covered hills near Stevens Creek Canyon southwest of Cupertino. Changing climate conditions are expected to increase the fire risk in and around Cupertino. For instance, warmer temperatures brought on by climate change can exacerbate drought conditions and droughts can kill or dry out plants, creating more fuel for wildfires. Increased winds can result in more erratic fire behavior, making fires Fire Hazard Severity Zones and Responsibility Areas CAL FIRE designates Fire Hazard Severity Zones, which may be designated Very High, High, or Moderate. Several factors are considered, including ﬁre history, exis ng and poten al vegeta on fuel, ﬂame length, blowing embers, terrain, and weather pa erns for the area. CAL FIRE designates Fire Hazard Severity Zones in two types of areas depending on which level of government is ﬁnancially responsible for ﬁre protec on. Local Responsibility Areas: Incorporated communi es are ﬁnancially responsible for wildﬁre protec on. State Responsibility Areas: CAL FIRE and contracted coun es are ﬁnancially responsible for wildﬁre protec on. 40 PC 03-09-2026 40 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 16 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 harder to contain. Warmer temperatures are also expected to occur later in the year, extending the wildfire season, which is likely to begin earlier in the year and extend later than it has historically. FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONE The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) establishes Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs) in both state responsibility area (SRA) and local responsibility areas (LRA), designating each as moderate, high, or very high severity. These zones evaluate hazard, instead of risk, and are based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and other relevant factors, such as areas where winds have been identified as a major cause of wildfire spread. Hazard is based on the physical conditions that create a likelihood and expected fire behavior over a 30 to 50-year period without considering hazard reduction measures such as home hardening, whether a wildfire has recently occurred, or fuel reduction efforts. Development in Very High FHSZs, and where applicable within Moderate or High FHSZs as determined by local fire code adoption, must comply with additional State requirements for building and site design, including the latest provisions of the California Building Code, California Residential Code, and California Fire Code. Figure HS-4 shows the FHSZs in and around Cupertino. In June 2025, the City adopted the updated Local Responsibility Area FHSZ map into Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter 16.74, Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area. During the review and adoption process, the FHSZ was revised to ensure that only one FHSZ applied to each applicable parcel. Where CAL FIRE identified multiple FHSZs on a single parcel, the City upgraded the designation to the higher of the zones, to ensure consistency in implementation of fire hazard reduction measures. In 2009, based on vegeta on data, topography and poten al ﬁre behavior, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protec on (CalFire) iden ﬁed approximately three acres of the City to be in the High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. The City adopted this area as its Wildand-Urban Interface Fire Area (WUIFA). Proper es in the WUIFA are subject to building and property maintenance standards intended to prevent and manage community safety due to brush and forest ﬁres (Figure HS- 1). Planning for such areas also requires a en on to the availability of access roads and water for ﬁreﬁgh ng and evacua on eﬀorts. The City regulates building construc on and site planning through the Uniform Fire Code and the California Building Code. The City and the SCCFD inspect commercial and industrial buildings for compliance with the applicable codes. In addi on, the County Fire Marshal and the Fire Department regulate ac vi es, including weed abatement and brush clearance, in the Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area (WUFIA). 41 PC 03-09-2026 41 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | June 2024MarchDecemberJanuary 2026 Page SE- 17 FIGURE HS-4 FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES 42 PC 03-09-2026 42 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 18 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Santa Clara County lists the Montebello Road/Stevens Canyon area as the fourth-highest risk area in the county for fire hazards. The road linking Montebello and the Palo Alto Sphere of Influence toon the bottom south end of Stevens Canyon has been improved to acceptable standards for a fire access road. A fire trail extends from Skyline Boulevard on Charcoal Road to Stevens Canyon. The City requires that all emergency roads be constructed in accordance with locally adopted Fire Code and Standards. It also requires a private emergency access connection between public streets within Lindy Canyon and Regnart Canyon areas. Presently, there are no water systems serving the Montebello Road and upper Stevens Canyon area, with the exception ofexcept for Stevens Creek itself. Because there is no water service to these areas, tThe County requires homes to provide individual water tanks and fire sprinkler systemsprivate fire protection water supply tanks and hydrants since there is no water service to these areas. (Figure HS-5 illustrates the water service areas in the city). The urbanized portions of Cupertino are not exposed toin areas considered a risk of firedesignated fire hazard severity zones. The Citycity is served by a well-managed fire protection serviceall hazard emergency response services with a robust as well as a fire prevention program. Buildings in the City are relatively newMoreover, and there is a strong code enforcement program, an adequate water supply, and a well-maintained delivery system. State, regional, and local standards also ensure that new buildings and facilities adequately address issues of fire safety, access, evacuation, and fire-fighting requirements. STRUCTURAL FIRES Cupertino is also at risk from structural fires. Structural fires are often due to hazardous conditions, faulty wiring, mechanical equipment, or combustible construction materials in the built environment. The absence of fire alarms and fire sprinkler systems often exacerbates the damage associated with a structural fire. Structural fires are largely caused by human accidents, although deliberate fires (arson) may cause some events. Older buildings lacking modern fire safety features may face greater risk of fire damage. To minimize fire damage and loss, the City’s Fire Code, based on California Code of Regulation Title 24, sets standards for building and construction. It requires adequate water supply for firefighting, and minimum street widths, among other things. FIRE PROTECTION Santa Clara County Fire Department provides fire protection in Cupertino through three fire stations (Cupertino, Monta Vista, and Seven Springs stations). For existing commercial buildings, the Fire Department conducts periodic inspections to ensure compliance with the general and specific fire safety regulations for each occupancy type as specified in the adopted Fire and Building Codes. The Santa Clara County Fire Department also implements a hazardous brush inspection program for hillside areas within its jurisdictional boundaries, including inspections of hillside properties by fire crews beginning in early April each year. 43 PC 03-09-2026 43 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 19 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS-5 WATER SERVICE 44 PC 03-09-2026 44 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 20 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND MATERIALS Hazardous materials are materials that pose a significant risk to public safety, or human and environmental health. Hazardous materials are a part of our everyday life in the form of batteries, light bulbs, and household chemicals such as pesticides, motor oil, cleaners, and paints. They are also used in many commercial and industrial operations. The use, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials, including management of contaminated soils and groundwater, is regulated by fFederal, State, and local laws. A release or spill of bulk hazardous materials could result in fire, explosion, toxic cloud, or direct contamination of water, people, and property. The release or spill could involve a local site or many square miles, depending on its severity. Santa Clara County Fire Department, County of Santa Clara Office of Emergency Management, and County of Santa Clara Hazardous Materials Compliance Division are responsible for hazardous materials accidents at all locations within the city. The City has adopted a Hazardous Materials Storage Ordinance that regulates the storage of these materials in solid, and liquid and gas forms. . The City’s Regulation of Facilities Where Materials Which Are Or May Become Toxic Gases Are Found Ordinance regulates the storage of hazardous materials in gaseous form. Several State agencies, which have jurisdiction over hazardous materials sites, oversee the monitoring of hazardous materials and waste facilities. Potential and known contamination sites are monitored and documented by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the Regional Water Quality Control Board. Figure HS-6 identifies potential sites within the city that may contain hazardous materials. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control typically acts as the lead agency for sites involving toxic substances and remediation, while the Regional Water Quality Control Board leads issues concerning water quality. Additionally, the County of Santa Clara Department of Environmental Health serves as the oversight agency for sites within the city. It is important to note that the City is not the lead agency for cleanup or mitigation of these sites under the California Environmental Quality Act. A review of hazardous materials sites in Cupertino,1 produced by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control EnviroStor database indicates two active voluntary cleanup sites, a voluntary cleanup site requiring no further action, one certified school cleanup site, and three closed hazardous waste sites, three inactive sites, and five sites referred to local or regional agencies. The two active cleanup sites are Cupertino Village Cleaners at 10989 North Wolfe Road and Delia's Cleaners at 7335 Bollinger Road. Neither site requires action by the City, as the California Department of Toxic Substances Control oversees hazardous waste cleanup efforts at these locations. A review of leaking underground storage tanks in Cupertino, produced by the State Water Resources Control Board,2 indicates 14 open cleanup program sites in the assessment, remediation, and long-term management phases. These sites can be accessed for further details via the following links: 1 The City conducted a review of hazardous materials sites on December 26, 2025. 2 The City conducted a review of leaking underground storage tank sites on December 26, 2025 45 PC 03-09-2026 45 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 21  California Department of Toxic Substances Control EnviroStor database: https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/map/  State Water Resources Control Board GeoTracker database: https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/map/ Since 1990, State law has required that hazardous waste be properly disposed of in approved hazardous waste treatment or disposal facili es. To accomplish this, new treatment methods and facili es have been developed and approved to pre-treat hazardous waste before its ﬁnal disposal. Under authority of the 1986 “Tanner” Bill (Assembly Bill 2948), Cuper no, along with 13 other ci es in Santa Clara County, joined the County to develop a comprehensive and coordinated planning approach to hazardous waste disposal. In 1990, a countywide Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Program was created to provide residents with accessible op ons for safely disposing of hazardous materials, such as paints, ba eries, and chemicals, thereby reducing environmental and public health risks.. In order to supplement the County HHW Program and make the collec on of HHW more convenient for residents, the City currently provides a door-to-door hazardous waste retrieval service through its solid waste franchise agreement. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Electromagnetic fields (s) are a physical field produced by electrically charged objects, such has high- transmission power lines. The potential health effects of the very low- frequency electromagnetic fieldsEMFs surrounding power lines and electrical devices are the subject of on-going research and a significant amount of public debate. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has issued some cautionary advisories but stresses that the data is currently too limited to draw solid good conclusions. Currently, electromagnetic fields from transmission lines, electrical and wireless facilities, and appliances are heavily regulated through Ffederal and State requirements. 46 PC 03-09-2026 46 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 22 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS- POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS SITES 47 PC 03-09-2026 47 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 23 GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDSSEISMIC AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Seismic and geologic hazards are risks caused by the movement of different parts of the earth’s crust or surface. Seismic hazards include earthquakes and hazardous events caused by them. Geologic hazards are other hazards involving land movements that are not linked to seismic activity and can inflict harm to people or property. SEISMIC HAZARDS Seismic activity occurs along boundaries in the earth’s crust, called faults. Pressure along the faults builds over time and is ultimately released, resulting in ground shaking commonly referred to as an earthquake. Earthquakes can also trigger other hazards, including surface rupture (cracks in the ground surface), liquefaction (causing loose soil to lose its strength), landslides, and subsidence (sinking of the ground surface). Earthquakes While Cupertino is at risk from many natural and human-caused hazards, the event with the greatest potential for loss of life or property and economic damage is an earthquake. This risk is true for most of the San Francisco Bay Area region, which has several active faults. Earthquake risk is very high in Santa Clara County, including the City of Cupertino, due to the presence of three major active faults3 in the region, the Hayward Fault, Calaveras Fault, and San Andreas Fault. All of these faults have the potential for major earthquakes. General Plan Appendix E provides additional detail about seismic hazards, magnitude and occurrence, acceptable exposure rise, and technical investigations required based on acceptable risk. Earthquakes are likely to continue to occur on an occasional basis. Most are expected to cause no substantive damage and may not even be felt by most people. Major earthquakes are rare but have occurred and remain a possibility in the region. The Hayward Fault is emerging as a significant hazard throughout the Bay Area due to its heightened likelihood of activity and its intersection with densely populated areas and critical infrastructure. In a worst-case scenario, a rupture on the Hayward Fault could extend through the Calaveras Fault to its junction with the San Andreas Fault. According to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, there is a 14.3 percent probability of a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake occurring along the Hayward Fault by 2044. For the Calaveras Fault, the probability is 7.4 percent, while the San Andreas Fault has a 6.4 percent chance of experiencing a similar event in the same timeframe. Although infrequent, a major earthquake along any of the nearby faults could result in substantial casualties and damage, although the greatest risk in Cupertino is from the San Andreas Fault due to its proximity and high potential to cause a severe earthquake. A major earthquake along any of these faults could damage or destroy transportation infrastructure, such as Interstate 280, State Route 85, or bridges, limiting access in and out of the community. 3 Active faults are defined by their current movement and deformation and their potential to cause earthquakes or other types of ground deformation in the future. 48 PC 03-09-2026 48 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 24 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Cupertino is located in the seismically active San Francisco Bay region, which has several active seismic faults. The San Andreas Ffault, one of the longest and most active faults in the world, is located west of Cupertino. Two additional faults closely associated with the San Andreas Ffault include the Sargent- Berrocal and Monta Vista-Shannon Ffault systems that also crossintersect the western portion of the city. There are no Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones in the city; the nearest Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone is along the San Andreas Fault, west of the city. Figure HS-7 shows the location of regional faults and Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones, which outlines the areas at risk for potential surface fault rupture. Movement on the San Andreas Ffault is predominantly right-lateral strike-slip, where the earth ruptures in a horizontal fashion, with the opposite sides of the fault moving to the right with respect to each other. Movement on the Sargent-Berrocal and Monta Vista-Shannon Ffaults is more variable in style. Both of theseBoth faults are characterized by “thrust” faulting, where a significant amount of vertical “up-down” (so called dip-slip) displacement occurs on an inclined plane, and one side of the fault is elevated (i.e., thrust over) the other side. Primary geologic hazards in Cupertino are related to landslides and seismic impacts. Seismically induced ground shaking, surface fault rupture, and various forms of earthquake-triggered ground failure are anticipated within the city during large earthquakes. These geologic hazards present potential impacts to property and public safety. Tables HS-1 through HS-4 briefly explain seismic hazards, magnitude and occurrence, acceptable exposure rise, and technical investigations required based on acceptable risk. Figure HS-5 identifies the areas in Cupertino susceptible to the greatest risk. Also see Technical Appendix E for additional information on geologic and seismic hazards and risks. Following the 1983 Coalinga and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, scientists became increasingly aware of earthquakes generated by faults not previously observed at the earth’s surface. These types of faults are called “blind faults,” and represent a type of thrust fault that does not rupture completely to the surface. It is possible that one or more “blind faults” are present in the Monta Vista-Shannon fault system. Other Seismic Hazards In addition to the direct physical damage that can result from the motion of an earthquake, damage can result from liquefaction. Soils susceptible to liquefaction are typically found in low-lying,, current, or former, floodplains. Portions of the city near the floodplains of Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek are likely to face liquefaction during an earthquake. Figure HS-8 shows the areas facing an elevated liquefaction risk in Cupertino, based on geological, geotechnical, and groundwater conditions. Earthquake-induced landslides pose a significant risk due to the presence of landslide-prone areas in western Cupertino and proximity of earthquake faults. Ground shaking from seismic activity can cause rocks, debris, and hillside soils to loosen and fall downslope, harming facilities and infrastructure in its path. Sinkholes, which are depressions or holes in the ground that form when the surface collapses into 49 PC 03-09-2026 49 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 25 an underground space, are also a hazard in Cupertino. Sinkholes can occur suddenly and can be very dangerous if they form underneath buildings, roads, or other structures. 50 PC 03-09-2026 50 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 26 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Faults within the Cupertino planning area are characterized by (A) Horizontal and (B) Vertical displace- ments. FIGURE HS-5 GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS 51 PC 03-09-2026 51 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 27 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Table HS-1 Explanations of Geologic and Seismic Hazards Zone Description (F) – Fault Rupture 7Regional Fault Lines,Area of potential surface fault rupture hazard within 300 feet east and 600 feet west of the Monta Vista and Berrocal Ffaults, and within 600 feet of the San Andreas Ffault. (S) – Slope Instability As shown on Figure HS-9, Landslide Susceptibility Areas, or the California Geological Survey, aAreas includes all recognized landslide deposits, and steep walls of Stevens Creek canyon, with a moderate to high landslide potential under static or seismic conditions. Area also reflects the mapped zone of potential earthquake-induced landsliding prepared by the California Geological Survey (2002). (H) – Hillside Area contains moderate to steep slope conditions not included in the above categories, with an undetermined potential for slope instability. This area falls under the Residential Hillside Development (RHS) overlay zone, which regulates single-family residential development to preserve the natural hillside setting. Compliance with the RHS ordinance, including required geotechnical and arborist reports, is necessary for development approval. (L) – Liquefaction / Inundation As shown on Figure HS-8, Liquefaction Areas, or the U.S. Geological Survey, Area areas where local geological, geotechnical, and groundwater conditions indicate a potential for liquefaction under seismic conditions. Much of this area also has the potential for periodic flood inundation. The Liquefaction/Inundation Zone is stippled where covered by an overlaying Fault Zone. (V) – Valley Area includes all relatively level valley floor terrain not included in the above categories with relatively low levels of geologic hazard risk. Table HS-2 Maximum Earthquake Magnitudes and Recurrence Intervals Causative Faults Distance from De Anza/SCB Intersection Maximum Historic Moment Magnitude Maximum Probable Moment Magnitude Est. Recurrence Interval of Max. Prob. Earthquake San Andreas System San Andreas 5.5 miles 7.9 7.9 220 years Hayward (South) 10 miles 7.0 7.0 236 years Calveras (Central) 14 miles 6.3 7.0 374 years Sargent-Berrocal System Sargent-Berrocal 3.5 miles 3.7-5.0 6.8 330 years Monta Vista- Shannon 2 miles 2.0-3.0 6.8 2,400 years 52 PC 03-09-2026 52 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 28 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Table HS-3 Acceptable Exposure to Risk Related to Various Land Uses Acceptable Exposure to Risk Land Use Group Extra Project Cost to Reduce Risk to Acceptable Level Extremely Low Group 1 Vulnerable structures (nuclear reactors, large dams, plants manufacturing/ storing hazardous materials) As required for maximum attainable safety Group 2 Vital public utilities (electrical transmission interties/substations, regional water pipelines, treatment plants, gas mains) Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob. earthquake on local faults Group 3 Communication/transportation (airports, telephones, bridges, freeways, evac. routes) Small water retention structures Emergency Centers (hospitals, fire/ police stations, post-earthquake aide stations, schools, City Hall and Service Center, De Anza College) 5% to 25% of project cost Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob earthquake on local faults Group 4 Involuntary occupancy facilities (schools, prisons, convalescent and nursing homes) Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob. earthquake on local faults High- occupancy buildings (theaters, hotels, large office/apartment bldgs.) Moderately Low Group 5 Public utilities (electrical feeder routes, water supply turnout lines, sewage lines) 5% to 25% of project cost Facilities important to local economy Design to minimize injury, loss of life during maximum probable earthquake on local faults; need not design to remain functional Ordinary Risk Level Group 6 Minor transportation (arterials and parkways) 2% of project cost; to 10% project cost in extreme cases Low-moderate occupancy buildings (small apartment bldgs., single-fam. resid., motels, small commercial/office bldgs.) Group 7 Very low occupancy buildings Design to resist minor earthquakes (warehouses, farm structures) without damage; resist moderate earthquakes without structural damage, with some nonstructural damage; resist major earthquake (maximum probability on local faults without collapse, allowing some structural and non-structural damage) Open space and recreation (farmland, landfills, wildlife areas) 53 PC 03-09-2026 53 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 29 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Table HS-4 Technical Investigations Required Bbased on Acceptable Risk Land Use Activity Hazard Map Symbol FSH LV Evaluation Required Evaluation Required Groups 1 to 4 UBC UBC Soils Soils Geology Seismic Hazard Seismic Hazard Groups 5 to 7 UBC UBC Soils Geology FIGURE HS--7 FAULT ZONES 54 PC 03-09-2026 54 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 30 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 55 PC 03-09-2026 55 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 31 Descriptions of Technical Evaluations: UBC Current, adopted version of the California Building Code Soils Soils and foundation investigation to determine ability of local soil condi ons to support structures Geology Determine subsidence potential, faulting hazard, slope stability (sSee Geologic Map for addi onal detail) Seismic Hazard Detailed Soils/Structural evaluation to certify adequacy of normal UBC earthquake regulations or to recommend more stringent measures FIGURE HS 7 REGIONAL FAULT LINES 56 PC 03-09-2026 56 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 – 2040)) Page 32 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS-8 LIQUEFACTION AREAS 57 PC 03-09-2026 57 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 33 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Geologic hazards in Cupertino include landslides and erosion. Landslides and rock falls may occur in sloped areas, especially areas with steep slopes, and usually in areas of loose and fragmented soil. Landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, and others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. Landslides are often triggered by other natural hazards, such as earthquakes, heavy rain, floods, or wildfires, so landslide frequencies are often related to the frequency of these other hazards. Landslides have occurred on hillsides throughout the city and generally occur in winter during high rainfall years. Due to the hilly terrain, the southwestern portion of the city is in a very high landslide susceptibility class, as shown on Figure HS-9. Appendix E, Geologic and Seismic Hazards, further describes these landslide susceptibility areas, noting that they include all recognized landslide deposits and steep walls of Stevens Creek canyon, which have a moderate to high landslide potential under static or seismic conditions. Climate change is expected to result in more precipitation extremes, including more frequent periods of heavy rainfall, which could cause an increase in the number of landslides or make landslides larger than normal. Increased wildfire frequency can also destabilize hillsides due to loss of vegetation and changed soil composition, which can contribute to greater runoff and erosion. Climate change will also cause more frequent and extreme droughts, which dries out soil. Accordingly, when precipitation occurs, the soil cannot absorb as much water, which creates higher levels of runoff, potentially leading to landslides and mudflows. The combination of a generally drier climate in the future, which will increase the chance of drought and wildfires, and the occasional extreme downpour, is, therefore, likely to cause more mudslides and landslides. Cupertino is also susceptible to hazards related to erosion, or the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as water or wind, causing the soil to deteriorate. Eroded topsoil can be transported into streams and other waterways. Water erosion is the removal of soil by water and transportation of the eroded materials away from the point of removal. The impact of soil erosion on water quality becomes significant, particularly as soil surface runoff increases. Highly erosive soil can damage roads, bridges, buildings, and other structures by causing foundational instability, erosion around supports, washouts during heavy rains, and increased maintenance costs. The shifting or loss of soil over time can undermine the structural integrity of these infrastructures, leading to potential failures and safety hazards. 58 PC 03-09-2026 58 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 34 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS-9 LIQUEFACTION AREASLANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AREAS 59 PC 03-09-2026 59 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 35 FLOOD AND INUNDATION HAZARDS Flooding is the rising and overflowing of water onto normally dry land. Floods are one of the most frequent natural hazards impacting Santa Clara County and among the costliest natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss nationwide, causing substantial damage to structures, landscapes, and utilities, as well as life-safety issues. Floods are surface hydrological hazards that can have a significant, and sometimes, long-lasting effect on a community. Floods can originate from various sources, including heavy rainstorms, landslides, and/or dam failure. Sediment deposits also increase flood risks because they clog the drainage system and may induce upstream flooding. Rain-related floods are the most common type of floods in Cupertino, and usually occur during periods of extended heavy rainfall. The watersheds in the Santa Cruz Mountain Range feed into four major streambeds that traverse the Ccity: Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek (Figure HS-7). Stevens Creek and its streamside are among the natural elements that have the most influence on Cupertino’s character. These creeks collect surface runoff and channel it to the Baydrain into channels leading to the San Francisco Bay. During heavy rainfall, these creeks create a potential flooding risk in the city as water levels may exceed the top of the creekbank. Historically, Cupertino has been at risk of flooding primarily during the winter and spring when stream systems swell with heavy rain. Occasionally, flash flooding from short-duration, high-intensity precipitation (often during atmospheric river events) may occur. In urban areas, flash flooding is an increasingly serious problem due to removal of vegetation and replacement of groundcover with impermeable surfaces such as roads, driveways, and parking lots. Other hazards connected with flooding and stormwater runoff include erosion, degradation of water quality, and loss of environmental resources. Areas at an elevated risk of flooding are divided into 100- and 500-year flood zones. A 100-year flood zone has a 1-percent chance of experiencing a major flood in any given year, and a 500-year flood zone has a 0.2-percent chance of flooding in any given year. The 100-year floodplain in Cupertino is primarily along Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek. A majority of the city is within the 500-year floodplain. Figure HS-10 shows the 100- and 500-year flood zones in and around Cupertino. The City participates in the Community Rating System (CRS) program, which is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed minimum National Flood Insurance ProgramNFIP requirements. Flood insurance premium rates for property owners within the city may be discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from community actions meeting the three goals of the CCommunity Rating System, which are to: (1) reduce flood damage to insurable property; (2) strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the National Flood Insurance ProgramNFIP; and (3) encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. 60 PC 03-09-2026 60 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 36 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 The City and the Santa Clara Valley Water District are actively involved in programs to minimize the risk of flooding. The City developed an approach to land use for the non-urbanized flood plain of Stevens Creek south of Stevens Creek Boulevard in the Land Use Element. This ensures the preservation of the 100-year flood plain and the protection of the riparian corridor along this portion of Stevens Creek. The City and the Water District also developed a flood management program for the flood plain of Stevens Creek between Interstate 280 and Stevens Creek Boulevard while preserving the natural environment of Stevens Creek. Structural improvements, while not preferred, may be necessary, to protect properties from a 100-year flood event. Although heavy precipitation events are a regular feature in California, atmospheric rivers, which are narrow corridors of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere and capable of transporting large amounts of water vapor that condenses and falls as intense precipitation, have caused major flooding in recent years. In winter and spring of 2023, a series of atmospheric rivers impacted the Bay Area, resulting in significant rainfall and widespread flooding across the San Francisco Bay Area. While climate change may not change average precipitation levels significantly, scientists expect that it will cause more years with extreme precipitation events. This means that more years are likely to see intense storm systems that drop substantial volumes of precipitation over a short period and cause flooding. Because of this, floods are expected to happen more often in Cupertino, and climate change may expand the parts of the city that are considered prone to flooding. 61 PC 03-09-2026 61 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 37 FIGURE HS 121 FLOOD HAZARD ZONES FIGURE HS-1 FLOOD HAZARD ZONES 62 PC 03-09-2026 62 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 38 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 DAM AND PIPELINE FAILURE A dam failure is an uncontrolled release of water from a reservoir through a dam because of structural failures or deficiencies. Pipeline failures are a similar uncontrolled release from a water pipeline or aqueduct. The primary danger from dam or pipeline failure is the high-velocity flooding downstream of the dam and the limited warning times that can be given for evacuation. Dam or pipeline failures can range from minor to catastrophic, potentially harming human life and property downstream from the failure. In addition, ecosystems and habitats can be destroyed by fast- moving floodwaters, debris, and sedimentation from the inundation. Failures are rare but not unprecedented; they can be caused by overtopping, foundation defects, piping and seepage failures, or conduit and valve failures. Many dam or pipeline failures are the secondary result of other natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, and extreme storms. The largest body of water within the area is the Stevens Creek Reservoir. Stevens Creek Reservoir Dam meets current dam safety standards and the probability of its failure is minimal. The Stevens Creek Reservoir, owned by the Santa Clara Valley Water District, is outside of city limits, immediately to the southwest, as shown in Figure HS-11. In the event of a dam failure at the Stevens Creek Reservoir, land surrounding Stevens Creek would flood, including residential areas adjacent to Stevens Creek and a portion of Interstate 280. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has a comprehensive Dam Safety Program, which includes proactive inspection of upgrades and improving its dams and water supply structures as needed and in consultation with regulatory agencies. Engineers monitor dams using instruments, monthly visual inspections, and periodic dam safety reviews to prevent loss of life, personal injury, and property damage from the failure of dams. The safety of each dam is re-evaluated with advances in geotechnical, structural, and earthquake engineering and for evidence of seepage or ongoing ground movement. The potential for a dam failure in Cupertino is likely to remain a risk in future years, although the probability of such events is expected to remain very low. 63 PC 03-09-2026 63 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 39 FIGURE HS 113 DAM INUNDATION AREAS 64 PC 03-09-2026 64 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 40 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HS-6 FACILITY FAILURE 65 PC 03-09-2026 65 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | March 2025 Page 41 FIGURE HS-7 100-YEAR FLOOD 66 PC 03-09-2026 66 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 42 CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE Climate change is the long-term shift in average weather patterns globally, characterized by significant alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns over extended periods. As global temperatures continue to rise, communities experience more frequent and intense natural hazards, including heatwaves, storms, floods, droughts, and wildfires. These events often occur simultaneously, creating cascading effects that can amplify impacts to Cupertino. Climate change hazards affecting Cupertino include poor air quality, drought, extreme heat, flooding, human health hazards, landslides, severe weather, and wildfire. When multiple climate hazards occur simultaneously, such as droughts amplifying wildfire risk, or extreme heat exacerbating water shortages, the impacts on the Cupertino community, infrastructure, and natural systems can be particularly severe. These changes will continue to affect the frequency, intensity, and distribution of hazards throughout the city in the coming decades. AIR QUALITY Air quality refers to the condition of the air within our surroundings, particularly regarding its cleanliness and the presence of pollutants. Air quality is determined by the composition of gases and particles in the atmosphere, and it is a critical aspect of environmental health. Air pollution comes from both mobile sources (e.g., cars, trucks, airplanes) and stationary sources (e.g., agricultural and industrial uses). Cupertino is highly susceptible to poor air quality due to major highways and quarry activity adjacent to the city. Wind patterns and geographical features move air pollution from other areas, such as the San Joaquin Valley, and trap pollution in the Santa Clara Valley. From 2015 to 2019, Cupertino experienced 31 days where ozone or fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels exceeded State standards. Because of Cupertino’s proximity to major highways, quarry activity, and Santa Clara Valley’s geographical features, air quality will continue to be a concern. Increasing statewide fire frequency can create recurring air quality degradation events, leading to respiratory health effects. Wildfire smoke consists of a mix of gases and fine particulate matter from burning vegetation and materials. The pollutant of most concern from wildfire smoke is PM2.5, which is damaging to human health because of its ability to deeply penetrate lung tissue and affect the heart and circulatory system. Although wildfire smoke presents a health risk to everyone, sensitive groups, such as children (particularly younger children), older adults, people with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease, and low-resourced persons. may experience more severe acute and chronic symptoms from exposure to wildfire smoke. In many regions of the United States, climate-driven changes in weather conditions, including temperature and precipitation, are expected to increase ground-level ozone and particulate matter, such as windblown dust from droughts or smoke from wildfires. Increased frequency of wildfires will release greater amounts of particulate matter and other pollutants into the air and drier conditions increase airborne dust. Possible changes in wind patterns may also trap a greater amount of air pollutants in the Santa Clara Valley, increasing exposure to air pollution. 67 PC 03-09-2026 67 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 43 DROUGHT A drought is an extended period when precipitation levels are well below normal. Drought may affect domestic water supply, energy production, public health, and wildlife, or contribute to wildfire. Like most of California and the western United States, Cupertino chronically experiences drought cycles. The U.S. Drought Monitor recognizes a five-point scale for drought events:  D0 (abnormally dry)  D1 (moderate drought)  D2 (severe drought)  D3 (extreme drought)  D4 (exceptional drought) According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the most intensive drought in recent years occurred during most of 2014, when all of Santa Clara County was classified as “extreme” drought. More recently, in 2022, from January through the end of the year, the county was also classified as being in “severe” drought. As of July 2024, Santa Clara County, including Cupertino, was not classified as drought. During severe drought conditions, water shortages are common, and water restrictions may be imposed to meet essential community needs. The Santa Clara Valley Water District’s 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan contains actions to implement and enforce regulations and restrictions for managing a water shortage when it declares a water shortage emergency under the authority of the California Water Code. Cupertino’s water supply comes from local and imported water. Local rainfall and runoff flow into reservoirs for storage and blend with imported water. Approximately 50 percent of Santa Clara County’s water supply comes from hundreds of miles away – first as snow or rain in the Sierra Nevada range of northern and eastern California, then as water in rivers that flow into the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta or directly to water conveyance systems. Imported water is brought into the county through the complex infrastructure of the State Water Project, the federal Central Valley Project, and San Francisco’s Hetch-Hetchy system. Although droughts are a regular feature of California’s climate, scientists expect climate change will lead to more frequent and intense droughts statewide. Reduced winter precipitation levels and warmer temperatures have greatly decreased the size of the Sierra Nevada snowpack (the volume of accumulated snow), making less fresh water available for communities throughout California, including the imported water supply for Cupertino. A continued decline in the Sierra Nevada snowpack volume is expected, which may lead to lower volumes of available imported water. EXTREME HEAT According to the California Extreme Heat Action Plan, extreme heat days are defined as temperatures exceeding 98 percent of historical highs, and these events are becoming more frequent and intense due 68 PC 03-09-2026 68 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 44 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 to climate change. Extended periods of extreme heat, known as heat waves, threaten community safety and raise energy costs. An extreme heat day in Cupertino is one where the maximum temperature rises above 93.2 degrees Fahrenheit. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recognizes extreme heat as a substantial public health concern. Seniors, persons with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities, persons experiencing homelessness, outdoor workers, low-resourced people of color, immigrant/linguistically isolated communities, and households in poverty are the most vulnerable to extreme heat. According to the U.S. Census, approximately 66 percent of all housing in the city was built prior to 1980, some of which are unlikely to have air conditioning and may lack effective insulation to regulate indoor temperatures. During extreme heat days, temperatures in poorly insulated homes may reach unhealthy temperatures. Therefore, people living in these homes, especially vulnerable populations, are at higher risk for heat-related illnesses from extreme heat events. Very high temperatures can also harm plants and animals that are not well adapted to these events, including natural ecosystems. Extreme heat can increase water temperature in lakes, streams, creeks, and other water bodies, especially during drought conditions when water levels are lower. The warmer temperatures brought on by climate change are likely to cause an increase in extreme heat events locally. Depending on the location and emissions levels, the state Cal-Adapt database indicates the number of extreme heat days is expected to rise from a historical annual average of 5 to 14 days by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of 24 days by the end of the century (2070 to 2099). SEVERE WEATHER Severe weather is generally any destructive weather event, but it usually occurs in Cupertino as localized storms that bring heavy rain, hail, thunderstorms, and strong winds. Severe weather is usually caused by intense storm systems, although types of strong winds can occur without a storm. Severe weather often produces high winds and lightning that can damage structures and cause power outages. Lightning from these storms can ignite wildfires and structure fires that can cause damage to buildings and endanger people. A relatively common weather pattern that brings southwest winds and heavy rain to California is often referred to as an atmospheric river. High winds, often accompanying severe storms, can cause significant property damage, threaten public safety, and have adverse economic impacts, including business closures and widespread power loss. These winds may occur as part of a seasonal climate pattern or in relation to other severe weather events, such as thunderstorms. Electricity utilities throughout California, including PG&E, have begun to occasionally “de-energize,” or turn off the electricity for power lines that run through areas with an elevated fire risk. Public Safety 69 PC 03-09-2026 69 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 45 Power Shutoff (PSPS) events are intended to reduce the risk of power lines sparking or being damaged and starting a wildfire. A Public Safety Power Shutoff event may occur at any time of the year, particularly during high wind events and dry conditions, and may be limited to specific communities or affect broad swaths of the state. While Public Safety Power Shutoff events have been smaller and less frequent recently, these events still pose a risk to PG&E customers across Santa Clara County, including Cupertino. Climate change is expected to cause an increase in intense rainfall and strong storm systems, such as atmospheric rivers. This increase means that Cupertino could see more intense weather resulting from these storms in the coming years and decades, although such an increase may not affect all forms of severe weather. Heavy rainfall can increase the frequency and severity of other hazards, including flooding and landslides. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARDS Human health hazards are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other organisms that can cause diseases and illness in people. Some of these diseases may cause only mild inconvenience, but others are potentially life-threatening. These diseases are often carried by animals, such as mice and rats, ticks, and mosquitoes. Warmer temperatures and high precipitation levels can lead to increased populations of these disease-carrying animals, creating a greater risk of disease and increased rates of infection. Populations most vulnerable to human health hazards are those who spend a disproportionate amount of time outdoors (such as outdoor workers or persons experiencing homelessness), those with fragile immune systems or existing illnesses (which may include persons with chronic illnesses and seniors), and those who may live in sub-standard housing or not have access to health insurance and medical care (households in poverty, low-resourced people of color, immigrant/linguistically isolated communities, and cost-burdened/low-income/overcrowded households). While many vector-carrying organisms thrive in warm and wet environments, regional climate trends toward hotter and drier conditions may reduce some vector populations, such as mosquitoes, in certain areas. However, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, including periods of heavy rainfall and flooding, can still create episodic conditions conducive to vector breeding, particularly during cooler seasons. As a result, the overall risk of human health hazards may still increase, especially for already vulnerable populations. NOISE The noise environment is an accumulation of many different sources, ranging from human voices to major noise sources, such as freeway traffic. The degree to which noise becomes an annoyance depends on a variety of factors, including noise level, duration, time of day, background sounds, and surrounding land uses, including proximity to more sensitive populations. 70 PC 03-09-2026 70 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 46 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 COMMUNITY NOISE FUNDAMENTALS The three elements of community noise are noise level, noise spectrum, and variation in noise level with time. Noise level is measured in decibels (dB). Noise is composed of various frequencies within a noise spectrum that defines the character of the noise. Since human hearing is more sensitive to the higher speech frequencies, the A-weighted frequency network is applied, in accordance with national and international standards, to adjust the measured noise level to more closely relate to human perception of loudness. Noise environments have different characteristics that vary with duration and time of day; for instance, a freeway may emit a fairly constant noise level for long periods while an airport may emit many short- term high- level noise events punctuated by extended periods of quiet. To provide a standard measure for community noise exposure that takes into account the time-varying characteristics, the State of California adopted the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) as the standard metric. The CNEL is a 24-hour energy average metric that penalizes evening and nighttime noise, and provides a uniform measure for time-varying noise environments. NOISE ENVIRONMENT The noise environment can generally be divided into two categories: transportation-related and non- transportation- related noise. Traffic noise is the greatest contributor to noise pollution in Cupertino and one of the most difficult to control through local efforts. Two major freeways (Interstate 280 and Highway State Route 85) and four major corridors (Stevens Creek Boulevard, De Anza Boulevard, Homestead Road, and Foothill Boulevard) cross Cupertino. These roadways are ustilized not only by local residents and employees, but also by commuters to destinations beyond Cupertino. Heavy-duty trucking operations to and from the Hanson PermanenteHeidelberg Cement Plant and Stevens Creek Quarry located in the western foothills near Stevens Creek Boulevard and Foothill Boulevard are also a significant transportation-related noise contributors. Cupertino receives some aircraft noise from facilities within the region, including San Jose International Airport, Moffett Federal Airfield, and Palo Alto Airport; however, the Cupertino city limit does not fall within the identified noise contours of any of these airports. One railroad line passes through the Monta Vista neighborhood and connects with the Hanson PermanenteHeidelberg Cement Plant. This freight railway operates at very low frequencies, with approximately three train trips in each direction per week, usually during the daytime or early evening. 71 PC 03-09-2026 71 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 47 Non-transportation noise varies from stationary equipment (e.g., air conditioning units) to construction activity. Regulation to minimize excessive noise from non- transportation sources includes compliance with the City’s noise standards that limit certain noise-generating activitiesy during evening and early morning, when ambient noise levels tend to be lower. Advancements in technology to muffle sound also reduce noise from construction equipment and stationary equipment such as compressors and generators. LAND USE COMPATIBILITY The Cupertino Municipal Code, Title 10, outlines the maximum noise levels on receiving properties based upon land use types (Figure HHS-812). Land use decisions and the development review process play a large role in minimizing noise impacts on sensitive land uses. Noise compatibility may be achieved by not avoiding the locationg of conflicting land uses adjacent to one another and incorporating buffers and noise control techniques, including increased building setbacks, installation and maintenance of landscaping, building transitions, site design, and building construction techniques. Selection of the appropriate noise control techniques will variesy depending on the level of noise that needs to be reduced as well as the location of the and intended noise-generating land use and the character of its surrounding uses. 72 PC 03-09-2026 72 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 48 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 FIGURE HHS-8 12 LAND USE COMPATIBILITY FOR COMMUNITY NOISE ENVIRONMENTS 73 PC 03-09-2026 73 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 49 74 PC 03-09-2026 74 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 50 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 LOOKING FORWARD As Cupertino’s resident and employee population grows, the City must identify ways to ensure public safety and support the community’s high quality of life. Innovative site design and construction techniques are needed to reduce noise in developments near major corridors and where uses are mixed to ensure compatibility. Fire protection and public safety should be enhanced in a manner that provides a high quality of service while continuing to be fiscally responsible. The following are ways the City will address key challenges and opportunities facing Cupertino: NOISE. As State, regional, and local policies encourage mixed-use development near corridors, the City should look to ways to reduce noise impacts on residences near and in such developments through site design, landscaping, and construction techniques. Additionally, the City should review locations and site design for sensitive uses, including schools, childcare facilities, and hospitals to ensure that they are not negatively impacted by noise. PROJECT DESIGN AND OPERATIONS. Measures such as project and building design, emergency access, operations, and maintenance of property, can help developments promote public safety and fire safety. Such measures will also allow the providers to maintain a high service level, while accommodating future growth. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION. The City and service providers should enhance community participation through new and existing programs such as neighborhood watch, emergency preparedness, and school programs. SHARED RESOURCES. The City can enhance emergency, fire safety, and public safety services by coordinating programs with service providers and neighboring cities through shared services, mutual aid, and agreements. 75 PC 03-09-2026 75 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 51 GOALS, POLICIES, AND STRATEGIES GOAL HS-1 Reduce hazard risks through regional coordination and mitigation planning REGIONAL COORDINATION The City seeks to coordinate its local requirements and emergency planning efforts with Ffederal, State, and regional resources to ensure a consistent, integrated, and efficient approach to emergency planning. POLICY HS-1.1: REGIONAL HAZARD RISK REDUCTION PLANNING Coordinate with Santa Clara County and local agencies to implement the Multi- Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan for Santa Clara County. STRATEGIES: HS-1.1.1. Monitoring and Budgeting. Monitor and evaluate the success of the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, including local strategies provided in the Cupertino Annex (Section 11). Working with Santa Clara County, ensure that strategies are prioritized and implemented through the Capital Improvement Program and provide adequate budget for on-going programs and department operations. HS-1.1.2. Hazard Mitigation Incorporation. Ensure that mitigation actions identified in the Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan are being incorporated into upcoming City-sponsored projects, where appropriate. HS-1.1.3. Hazard Mitigation Plan Amendments and Updates. Support Santa Clara County in its role as the lead agency that prepares and updates the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. POLICY HS-1.2: HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN INCORPORATION Incorporate the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional 76 PC 03-09-2026 76 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 52 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of Cupertino Annex, as approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, into this Health and Safety Element by reference, as permitted by California Government Code Section 65302.6. POLICY HS-1.3: PUBLIC AGENCY COOPERATION Continue to cooperate with other public agencies to ensure adequate medical and other emergency services, including assessing and projecting future emergency service needs and maintaining clear communication protocols among jurisdictions and regional agencies to support unified decision-making, real-time information sharing, and coordinated emergency response. STRATEGies: HS-1.3.1: Multiagency Emergency Response. Coordinate with local and State emergency management agencies using the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and National Incident Management System (NIMS) to facilitate multiagency emergency response. HS-1.3.2: Inter-jurisdictional Coordination. Maintain inter-jurisdictional cooperation and coordination, including mutual aid agreements with fire protection and suppression agencies in Santa Clara County. HS-1.3.3: Coordinated Disaster Response. Continue to maintain agreements with other local, State, and federal agencies to ensure coordinated emergency and disaster response. HS-1.3.4: New Facilities. Coordinate with Santa Clara County Fire Department and Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department through capital improvement planning to establish fire and sheriff stations to serve Cupertino. New additions to public safety infrastructure will be determined by evaluating increased localized demand and proposed growth. Evaluate whether a combined facility is possible to reduce infrastructure costs and/or improve operational efficiency, when a need is determined. POLICY HS-1.4: REGIONAL COORDINATION FOR FIRE PREVENTION Coordinate wildland fire prevention efforts with adjacent jurisdictions. Work with the County and the Midpeninsula Open Space District to implement measures to reduce fire hazards, continuing efforts in fuel management, and considering the use of “green” fire break uses for open space lands. POLICY HS-1.5: REGIONAL COORDINATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL Consult with the Santa Clara Valley Water District as well as surrounding jurisdictions regarding regional approaches to the planning, construction, 77 PC 03-09-2026 77 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 53 operation, and maintenance of drainage and flood-control facilities. POLICY HS-1.6: COORDINATION FOR ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY Coordinate with California Water Service and San José Water on effective management of water infrastructure systems. POLICY HS-1.7: COORDINATION FOR ADEQUATE WASTEWATER CAPACITY Coordinate with the Cupertino Sanitary District and San José- Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility to ensure wastewater infrastructure is effectively serving existing customers and has adequate capacity to provide for new demands on the infrastructure system. POLICY HS-1.28: SEA LEVEL RISE PROTECTION Ensure all areas in Cupertino are adequately protected for from the anticipated effects of sea level rise. STRATEGIES: HS-1.28.1. Monitor Rising Sea Level. Regularly coordinate with regional, Sstate, and federal agencies on rising sea levels in the San Francisco Bay and major tributaries to determine if additional adaptation strategies should be implemented to address flooding hazards. This includes monitoring for updates to the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s FEMA flood map updates to identify areas in the city susceptible to sea level rise, addressing changes to sState and regional sea and bay level rise estimates, and coordinating with adjacent municipalities on flood control improvements as appropriate. HS-1.28.2. Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Provide to the public, as available, up-to-date Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) that identify rising sea levels and changing flood conditions. 78 PC 03-09-2026 78 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 54 GOAL HS-2 Ensure a high level of emergency preparedness for natural and human-caused disasters. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE The City seeks to focus on planning and education to prepare and enlist the community in the management of disasters and emergencies. POLICY HS-2.1: BUILDING AND FIRE CODE COMPLIANCE Ensure that all new development and redevelopment complies with the most current version of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, local ordinances, and local fire department standards to ensure improved public safety. POLICY HS-2.21: PROMOTE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Distribute multi-hazard emergency preparedness information for all threats identified in the emergency planCity’s Emergency Operations Plan. Information will be provided through Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), First Aid and Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training, lectures and seminars on emergency preparedness, publication of monthly safety articles in the Cupertino Scene, posting of information on the City’s Emergency Preparedness website, and coordination of video and printed information at the library. Efforts will be made to provide information in multiple formats to accommodate persons of all abilities. POLICY HS-2.32: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS AND TRAINING Ensure ongoing training of identified City staff are trained on their functions/ responsibilities in the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and in disaster preparedness, first aid, and CPR, as applicable. STRATEGIES: HS-2.32.1: Emergency Operations Center (EOC). Review options to provide functional, resilient, and seismic upgrades to the EOC facility at City Hall or explore alternative, resilient locations for the EOC, and include necessary upgrades 79 PC 03-09-2026 79 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 55 in the City’s budget and Capital Improvement Program, as applicable. HS-2.32.2: City Employee Training. Conduct regular emergency training exercises and participate in regional training exercises to ensure that employees are adequately trained in emergency response and recovery operations. POLICY HS- 2.43: VOLUNTEER GROUPS Continue to encourage the ongoing use of volunteer groups, such as Cupertino Emergency Response Team (CERT), to augment the City’s emergency services, and clearly define responsibilities during a local emergency. STRATEGIES: HS-2.43.1: Cupertino Citizens Corps. Continue to support the Cupertino Amateur Radio Emergency Services (CARES), Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), and Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) programs to ensure the development of neighborhood- based emergency preparedness throughout the cCity. Encourage ongoing cooperation with CERTs in other cities. HS-2.43.2: Community Groups. Continue pre-disaster agreements with appropriate community groups to provide specified post-disaster assistance, through the Emergency Services Coordinator Manager and with the advice of the City Attorney. HS-2.43.3: American Red Cross. Continue to implement the American Red Cross agreements under the direction of the Director of Emergency ServicesEmergency Services Division during a disaster. HS-2.43.4: Emergency Shelter Providers. Continue the agreements with designated emergency shelter sites to provide space for emergency supply containers. HS-2.4.5: Community Areas for Refuge and Keep-safes (ARKs). Maintain and expand the availability of City ARKs through Block Leadership and volunteer efforts to adopt an ARK. HS-2.43.65: Amateur Radio Operators. Continue to support training and cooperation between the City and Cupertino Amateur Radio Emergency Service (CARES) to prepare for emergency communications needs. POLICY HS-2.54: EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION Maintain Cupertino’s Alert, Warning, and Notification (AWN) Program an Emergency Public Information program to be used during emergency situations. STRATEGIES: HS-2.54.1: Communication Methods. Use the local Cupertino TV channel, Cupertino Radio 1670 AM, AlertSCC, the City’s website, CityInternet social media accounts, and other communication methods to transmit information to the public in multiple formats and languages appropriate to The City maintains storage containers, called ARKs, strategically located around the City that contain emergency response supplies used by Community Emergency Response Teams, Medical Reserve Corps, and Cuper no Amateur Radio Emergency Service. 80 PC 03-09-2026 80 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 56 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 the demographics of Cupertinocitizenry. HS-2.54.2: Public Information Office. Activate the Public Joint Information System in coordination with the Sheriff and the Fire Department to provide accurate information to the public as needed. POLICY HS-2.6: FIRE PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Promote fire prevention and emergency preparedness through City- initiated public education programs, the City Channel, the City’s website, the Cupertino Scene, and other social media platforms. POLICY HS-2.7: HAZARD PREPAREDNESS Ensure that members of the community are adequately prepared for potential hazard scenarios, including geologic and seismic hazards, wildfire hazards, flooding hazards, extreme heat, and hazardous materials releases. Leverage the Neighborhood Block Program to advertise and incorporate its members into training efforts to expand outreach and engagement. STRATEGIES: HS-5.2.22.7.1: Emergency Preparedness. Publish and promote emergency preparedness tips, activities, and drills for the community. Use the City social media accounts and the website to provide safety tips and actively assist in neighborhood drills and safety exercises to increase participation and build community support. that may include identifying and correcting household hazards, knowing how and when to turn off utilities, helping family members protect themselves during and after an earthquake, recommending neighborhood preparation activities, and advising residents to maintain an emergency supply kit containing first- aid supplies, food, drinking water, and battery operated radios and flashlights. HS-5.2.32.7.2: Neighborhood Response Groups. Encourage participation in Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training by neighborhood groups and community-based organizations. Train neighborhood groups to care for themselves during disasters. Activity assist in neighborhood drills and safety exercises to increase participation and build community support. HS-5.2.42.7.3: DependentVulnerable Populations. As part of community-wide efforts, actively cooperate with State agencies that oversee facilities for persons with disabilities and those with access and functional needs to ensure that such the facilities conform to all health and safety requirements, including emergency planning, training, response exercises, and employee education. HS-5.2.52.7.4: Foreign Language Multilingual Emergency Information. Obtain translated Prepare emergency preparedness materials in English, Spanish, and other languages commonly spoken in the community and make them available distribute to appropriate foreign language populations. POLICY HS-2.8: EDUCATIONAL AND OUTREACH MATERIALS 81 PC 03-09-2026 81 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 57 Distribute relevant educational and outreach materials to the public to help residents understand appropriate fire mitigation activities, such as vegetation management, defensible space, evacuation routes, and emergency evacuation procedures during a fire hazard. POLICY HS-2.9: POOR AIR QUALITY EVENT ASSISTANCE Work with local agencies and community-based organizations to provide resources to help residents respond to poor air quality events (e.g., transportation to resilience centers and supply free N95 masks). POLICY HS-2.105: DISASTER MEDICAL RESPONSE Continue to coordinate with the appropriate County agencies and local emergency medical clinics to ensure preparedness and provide disaster medical response. Coordinate with the CERT members throughout the City to ensure that they are prepared to provide emergency support and first aid at the neighborhood level. STRATEGY: HS-2.105.1: Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Emergency Medical Clinics. Work with Santa Clara County to develop an MOU with local emergency clinics to provide services in the event of an emergency. The County’s role and involvement in emergencies should be considered in development of the MOU. POLICY HS-2.16: MILITARY FACILITIES AND READINESS Consider the impact of development on neighboring military facilities, and maintain military airspace to ensure military readiness. POLICY HS-2.11: EVACUATION ROUTES Ensure that evacuation routes into and out of the city have adequate capacity, safety, and viability in the event of an emergency. Ensure evacuation route designations are reviewed and updated, as needed. STRATEGies: HS-2.11.1: Evacuation Route Coordination. Coordinate with emergency responders, the County, and Caltrans to ensure evacuation routes are designed and maintained to remain accessible during emergency evacuations. HS-2.11.2: High-Hazard Day Parking Management. In coordination with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department, update the Emergency Operations Plan to establish a master list of streets with parking restrictions on designated evacuation corridors during Red Flag Red Flag Warnings A red ﬂag warning is issued by the Na onal Weather Service before and during ﬁre weather condi ons. These condi ons include strong winds, low humidity, and warm temperatures, increasing the risk of wildﬁres star ng and spreading quickly. 82 PC 03-09-2026 82 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 58 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Warnings and other high-hazard days to preserve lane width, sight distance, and emergency access. HS-2.11.3: Managed Traffic Control During Evacuations. Coordinate with the Santa Clara County Fire Department, Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office, and Caltrans to implement managed traffic control measures during evacuations, including turn restrictions, signal timing adjustments, lane conversions, and route or ramp closures as needed to maximize outbound flow from evacuation areas. POLICY HS-2.12: EVACUATION AWARENESS Ensure the public is aware of evacuation zones, evacuation routes, and how to access emergency alerts and evacuation orders. Provide information to members of the public about evacuation concerns, including designated evacuation routes and evacuation plan details, through multiple formats and in multiple languages. POLICY HS-2.13: INGRESS AND EGRESS Require new subdivisions or multiple unit developments of five more lots or units to have at least two ingress and egress routes that account for existing and proposed traffic evacuation volumes at buildout. POLICY HS-2.14: SECONDARY INGRESS AND EGRESS FOR EXISTING DEVELOPMENT. Encourage secondary means of ingress and egress in areas with evacuation constraints, as shown in Figure HS-3, Evacuation-Constrained Residential Areas, and slopes of less than 30% when new subdivisions of five lots or more or developments with five units or more are proposed. POLICY HS-2.15: SECONDARY INGRESS AND EGRESS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT. Require secondary means of ingress and egress in areas with evacuation constraints and slopes of 30% or greater when new subdivisions of five lots or more or developments with five units or more are proposed. POLICY HS-2.16: EMERGENCY ACCESS Ensure compliant emergency access is provided for all new hillside development. STRATEGIES: HS-2.16.1: Roadway Design. Create an all-weather emergency road system to serve hillside and wildfire- prone areas. HS-2.16.2: Hillside Access Routes. Require new hillside development to have frequent grade breaks in access routes, which must comply with applicable fire access and egress standards, to ensure a timely response from fire personnel. 83 PC 03-09-2026 83 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 59 Health and Safety Element Public Review Goal HS-3 Protect the community from hazards associated with wildland and urban fires FIRE SAFETY The City seeks to provide direction to the Santa Clara County Fire Department (SCCFD) on ways to better protect the community from natural and human-made caused fire disasters, and to implement local policies to improve building and site design. POLICY HS-3.1: REGIONAL COORDINATION Coordinate wildland fire prevention efforts with adjacent jurisdictions. Encourage the County and the Midpeninsula Open Space District to implement measures to reduce fire hazards, including putting into effect the fire reduction policies of the County Public Safety Element, continuing efforts in fuel management, and considering the use of “green” fire break uses for open space lands. POLICY HS-3.21: EARLY PROJECT REVIEW Involve the Santa Clara County Fire Department in the early design stage of all development projects requiring public review to ensure Fire Department input and modifications as needed. POLICY HS-3.2: FIRE RESPONSE TIMES Ensure Santa Clara County Fire Department maintains required response time standards for emergency response in Cupertino. STRATEGY: HS-3.2.1: Response Times. Work with Santa Clara County Fire Department to establish citywide response time standards, accounting for time for call, turnout time, travel time, and on scene time for both fire and emergency medical response. POLICY HS-3.3: ADEQUATE FIRE PROTECTION In coordination with the Santa Clara County Fire Department, require that 84 PC 03-09-2026 84 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 60 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 new development be located where fire and emergency services have sufficient capacity to meet project needs and require that the developer provide infrastructure or equipment necessary, proportional to the project's fire service demand, to maintain adequate fire protection to comply with critical response time standards, proportional to the project's fire service demand. Increased population density and new building types will impact fire life safety, capacity of water supply, traffic flow, and will contribute to greater demand on public safety resources. STRATEGIES: HS-3.3.1: Development Review for Adequate Service. Review development projects, in coordination with the Santa Clara County Fire Department, to evaluate fire response times and ensure adequate service to new development. Evaluation should consider both on- site and off-site conditions that may affect emergency response, including roadway width, access to water supply, and visibility of street signage. When development projects do not meet fire response times, require that project applicants provide infrastructure, equipment, or improvements necessary to ensure adequate fire protection and compliance with critical response time standards. HS-3.3.2: City Fire Code. To the extent feasible, conduct periodic fire safety inspections to ensure compliance with adopted codes. POLICY HS-3.4: NEW DEVELOPMENT IN MODERATE, HIGH AND VERY HIGH FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES. Require review by the Community Development Department and Santa Clara County Fire Department of proposed construction projects and conceptual landscaping plans in the designated Fire Hazard Severity Zones. STRATEGIES: HS-3.4.1: Review in High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones identified by CAL FIRE prior to the issuance of the first permit, whether ministerial or discretionary, (see Figure HS-4, Fire Hazard Severity Zones). Plans for proposed development in such areas shall include, at a minimum:  Site plan, plan ng plan, plan ng pale e, and irriga on plan with designs to reduce the risk of ﬁre hazards and with considera on to site condi ons, including slope, structures, and adjacencies.  Development and maintenance of defensible space.  More than one point of ingress and egress to improve evacua on, emergency response, and ﬁre equipment access and adequate water infrastructure for water supply and ﬁre ﬂow that meets or exceeds the standards in the California State Minimum Fire Safe Regula ons (commencing with Sec on 1270, SRA Fire Safe Regula ons); and Subchapter 3, Ar cle 3, commencing with Sec on 1299.01, Fire Hazard Reduc on Around Buildings and Structures Regula ons). 85 PC 03-09-2026 85 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 61  Class A rooﬁng assemblies for new and replacement roofs.  Loca on and source of ancipated water supply. HS-3.4.2: Review in Moderate Fire Severity Hazard Zones. In the event, the California Fire and /Building Codes require the implementation of different building standards in the Moderate Fire Severity Hazard Zones, ensure these are included in all permit plans prior to issuance of the first permits whether ministerial and discretionary. POLICY HS-3.5: RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH FIRE RISK AREAS Avoid new subdivisions or residential development of multiple units in High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in order to protect public safety, reduce wildfire risks, and enhance emergency response capabilities. POLICY HS-3.6: LAND USE AND ZONING CHANGES IN VERY HIGH FIRE RISK AREAS Prohibit additional developments of multiple units and/or subdivisions in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone on properties with primary access from private roads and slopes greater than 30% that would increase residential density or intensity of the existing land use. POLICY 3.7: FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS. Ensure improvements and new structures within a High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone comply with California Building Code Chapter 7A, California Fire Code, and California Fire Safe Regulations, or equivalent standards, to ensure fire-resistant roof coverings and exterior building materials. The Chief Building Official shall enforce these standards in alignment with Health and Safety Code Section 13143.4, making necessary findings as required. POLICY 3.8: FIRE PROTECTION PLANS. Require fire protection plans for all new development projects in the High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, including plans for long-term, comprehensive, fuel reduction and management. The main components of a fire protection plan shall be consistent with California Fire Code, Chapter 49, and include: 1. Risk Analysis 2. Fire Response Capabili es 3. Fire Safety Requirements – Defensible Space, Infrastructure, and Building Igni on Resistance 4. Mi ga on Measures and Design Considera ons for Non-Conforming Fuel Modiﬁca on 5. Wildﬁre Educa on Maintenance and Limita ons POLICY HS-3.9: ACCESS FOR FIRE AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT Require proposed development to provide adequate access for fire and emergency vehicles and equipment that meets or exceeds the California State Fire Safe Regulation standards. These standards are found in two parts of the California Fire Safe Regulations (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7): Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5 (commencing with Section 1270, SRA Fire Safe Regulations); and Subchapter 3, Article 3 (commencing with Section 1299.01, Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations). Developments must also 86 PC 03-09-2026 86 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 62 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 comply with the applicable provisions of the California Fire Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9) to ensure fire safety measures, including emergency access, fire protection systems, and defensible space requirements, align with statewide fire prevention standards. STRATEGIES: HS-3.9.1: Fire Hazards Response Support Support measures that help firefighting crews and emergency response teams respond to fire hazards or work under low-visibility conditions, such as high-visibility signage for streets and building addresses that meet or exceed the standards in the California Fire Safe Regulations (Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Articles 2 and 3, Sections 1273 and 1274). POLICY HS-3.3: EMERGENCY ACCESS Ensure adequate emergency access is provided for all new hillside development. STRATEGIES: HS-3.3.1: Roadway Design. Create an all-weather emergency road system to serve rural areas. HS-3.3.2: Dead-End Street Access. Allow public use of private roadways during an emergency for hillside subdivisions that have dead-end public streets longer than 1,000 feet or find a secondary means of access. HS-3.3.3: Hillside Access Routes. Require new hillside development to have frequent grade breaks in access routes to ensure a timely response from fire personnel. HS-3.37.24: Hillside Road Upgrades. Require new hillside development to upgrade existing access roads to meet State Minimum Fire Safe Regulations, California Fire Code, and City Municipal Code standards. POLICY HS-3. 410: PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL ELECTRONIC SECURITY GATES Discourage the use of private residential electronic security gates and selectively permit them only if they do notthat act as a barrier to emergency personnel. STRATEGIES: HS-3.410.1: Location. Strongly discourage electric gates in high fire and very high fire hazard zones. Allow electric gates only in locations permitted by the Municipal Code. Require a fence exception for electric security gates in certain areas areas as outlined in the Municipal Code. HS-3.410.2: Access to Gates. Where electronic security gates are allowed, require the installation of an approved key switch to be accessedenable vehicle access by the Fire DistrictDepartment. POLICY HS-3.5: COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FIRE PROTECTION GUIDELINES Coordinate with the Fire Department to develop new guidelines for fire protection for commercial and industrial land uses. POLICY HS-3.6: FIRE PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Promote fire prevention and emergency preparedness through city- initiated public education programs, the government television channel, 87 PC 03-09-2026 87 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 63 the InternetCity’s website, and the Cupertino Scene. POLICY HS-3.7: MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS Ensure that adequate fire protection is built into the design of multi-story buildings and require on-site fire suppression materials and equipment. POLICY HS-3.11: EXTENSION OF WATER SERVICE Encourage the water companies to extend water service into the hillside and canyon areas and encourage cooperation between water utility companies and the Fire Department in order to keep water systems in pace with growth and firefighting service needs. Require new subdivisions and development within High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones to obtain a water service extension letter, to include fire flow capacity, from water service providers prior to receiving development permit approval to ensure adequate water services for both fire protection and daily use. POLICY HS-3.12: LONG-TERM WATER SUPPLY Ensure long-term water supply for fire suppression and maintaining fire- flows. POLICY HS-3.13: COORDINATION OF LONG-TERM WATER SUPPLY Coordinate with water utility providers and the Santa Clara County Fire Department to keep water supply systems in pace with growth and firefighting service needs. STRATEGIES: HS-3.12.1: Adequate Water Service. Identify and improve areas lacking adequate water service for firefighting, including capacity for peak load under a reasonable worst-case wildland fire scenario determined by the Santa Clara County Fire Department. HS-3.13.2: Sufficient Water Flow. Work with San Jose Water, California Water Service, and Santa Clara County Fire Department to ensure that fire hydrants are adequately distributed throughout Cupertino and have sufficient water flow. POLICY HS-3.14: FIRE SAFE ROADWAYS Require existing public and private roadways in Fire Hazard Severity Zones to comply with current fire safety regulations for new subdivisions and development. STRATEGY HS-3.14.1: Roadways Repair and Maintenance. Prepare and implement plans to repair and maintain City-owned roadways as needed to meet current standards and require private property owners to do the same and given the absence of other site constraints. At time of development review, ensure maintenance agreements are recorded running with the land to ensure that street maintenance is the shared responsibilities of the owners. These standards include road standards for evacuation and emergency vehicle access, vegetation clearance, and other requirements of the California Fire Safe Regulations, Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, Division 1.5, Chapter 7): specifically, Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5 (commencing with Section 1270, SRA Fire Safe Regulations); and Subchapter 3, Article 3 (commencing with Section 1299.01, Fire Hazard Reduction 88 PC 03-09-2026 88 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 64 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Around Buildings and Structures Regulations). POLICY HS-3.15: ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT Collaborate with Santa Clara County Fire Department to provide roadside fuel reduction, defensible space, and vegetation management, particularly along evacuation routes. POLICY HS-3.16: FIRE-RESISTANT LANDSCAPING Promote the use of fire-resistant landscaping in public and private developments. In High and Very High Fire Severity Zones, fire- resistant landscaping shall be required. POLICY HS-3.17: FUEL BREAKS AND EMERGENCY ACCESS ROUTES Coordinate with CAL FIRE and Santa Clara County Fire Department to maintain existing fuel breaks and emergency access routes for effective fire suppression. POLICY HS-3.18: RECOVERY AND REDEVELOPMENT AFTER A LARGE FIRE. Develop and update programs as needed that ensure recovery and redevelopment after a large fire and that reduce future vulnerabilities to fire hazard risks through site preparation, redevelopment layout design, fire-resistant landscape planning, and home hardening building design and materials. POLICY HS-3.179: LAND USE AND ZONING CHANGES IN VERY HIGH FIRE RISK AREAS Prohibit additional developments of multiple units and/or subdivisions in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone on properties with primary access from private roads and slopes greater than 30% that would increase residential density or intensity of the existing land use. 89 PC 03-09-2026 89 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 65 Goal HS-4 Ensure high levels of community safety with police services that meet the community’s needs PUBLIC SAFETYPOLICE SERVICES The City seeks to support public safety through improved police services and better site design. POLICY HS-4.1: NEIGHBORHOOD AWARENESS PROGRAMS Continue to support the Neighborhood Watch Program, Block Leader Program, and other similar programs intended to help neighborhoods prevent crime through social interaction. POLICY HS-4.2: CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH BUILDING AND SITE DESIGN Consider appropriate design techniques to reduce crime and vandalism when designing public spaces and reviewing development proposals. STRATEGIES: HS-4.2.1: Perimeter Roads for Parks. Encircle neighborhood parks with a public road to provide visual accessibility whenever possible. HS-4.2.2: Development Review. Continue to request County Sheriff review and comment on new development applicationsto ensure new development provides for appropriate security and public safety measures. POLICY HS-4.3: FISCAL IMPACTS Recognize Require that new development accounts for fiscal impacts to the County Sheriff, Santa Clara County Fire, and City of Cupertino when approving various land use mixes. POLICY HS-4.4: RESPONSE TIMES Ensure that ﬁre and emergency response mes consistently meet the standards of the Santa Clara County Fire Department. Santa Clara County Fire Department aims for the ﬁrst unit to arrive to 90 percent of all emergent structural ﬁres and emergency medical service incidents within seven minutes and forty seconds. For the purpose of this standard, response mes are measured from when the call loca on is veriﬁed by the dispatcher, to the arrival 90 PC 03-09-2026 90 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 66 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 of the ﬁrst unit at the scene of the incident. For all other emergent incidents, the benchmark is for the ﬁrst unit to arrive to 90 percent of emergent incidents within eight minutes and forty seconds. STRATEGY: HS-4.4.1: Response Time Review. Include requirements to conduct regular reviews of response time data for police service to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement in contracts for Sheriff services. Conduct regular reviews of response time data for fire services to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement for Fire District services. 91 PC 03-09-2026 91 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 67 GOAL HS-5 Reduce risks associated with geologic and seismic hazards GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS POLICY HS-5.1: SEISMIC AND GEOLOGIC REVIEW PROCESS Evaluate new development proposals and subdivisions within mapped potential seismic and geologic hazard zones using a formal seismic/geologic review process. Use Table HS- 3General Plan Appendix E of this Element to determine the level of review required. STRATEGIES: HS-5.1.1: Geotechnical and Structural Analysis. Require any site with a slope exceeding 10 percent to reference the Landslide Hazard Potential Zone maps of the State of California for all required geotechnical and structural analysis. HS-5.1.2: Residential Upgrades. Require that any residential facility, that is being increased more than 50 percent assessed value or physical size, conform to all provisions of the current building and residential codes throughout the entire structure. Owners of residential buildings with known structural defects, such as un- reinforced garage openings, “soft first story” construction, unbolted foundations, or inadequate sheer walls are encouraged to take steps to remedy the problem and bring their buildings up to the current building and residential codes. HS-5.1.3: Geologic Review. Continue to implement, and update and maintain geologic review procedures for gGeologic rReports required by the Municipal CodeGeneral Plan Appendix E through the development review process. POLICY HS-5.2: PUBLIC EDUCATION ON SEISMIC SAFETY Reinforce the existing public education programs to help residents minimize hazards resulting from earthquakes. STRATEGIES: HS-5.2.1: Covenant on Seismic Risk. Require developers to record a covenant to disclose risks to tell future residents in high-riskall fault zones areas about the risk and inform them that more information is in City Hall 92 PC 03-09-2026 92 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 68 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 records. This requirement is in addition to the State requirement that information on the geological report is recorded on the face of subdivision maps. HS-5.2.2: Emergency Preparedness. Publish and promote emergency preparedness activities and drills. Use the City social media, and the website to provide safety tips that may include identifying and correcting household hazards, knowing how and when to turn off utilities, helping family members protect themselves during and after an earthquake, recommending neighborhood preparation activities, and advising residents to maintain an emergency supply kit containing first- aid supplies, food, drinking water and battery operated radios and flashlights. HS-5.2.3: Neighborhood Response Groups. Encourage participation in Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training. Train neighborhood groups to care for themselves during disasters. Actively assist in neighborhood drills and safety exercises to increase participation and build community support. HS-5.2.4: Dependent Populations. As part of community-wide efforts, actively cooperate with State agencies that oversee facilities for persons with disabilities and those with access and functional needs, to ensure that such facilities conform to all health and safety requirements, including emergency planning, training, exercises and employee education. HS-5.2.5: Foreign Language Emergency Information. Obtain translated emergency preparedness materials and make them available to appropriate foreign language populations. POLICY HS-7.55.3: HILLSIDE GRADING Establish standards and procedures to limit grading on hillside properties, particularly those that change natural flows or flatten existing slopes. Restrict the extent and timing of hillside grading operations to April through October, except as otherwise allowed by the City. Require performance bonds during the remaining time to guarantee the repair of any erosion damage. Require planting of graded slopes as soon as practical after grading is complete. 93 PC 03-09-2026 93 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 69 GOAL HS-6 Protect people and property from the risks associated with hazardous materials and exposure to electromagnetic fields HAZARDOUS MATERIALS The City is committed to protecting its citizens from hazardous materials through improved disposal practices, better site design, and more public education. POLICY HS-6.1: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE AND DISPOSAL Require the proper storage and disposal of hazardous materials to prevent leakage, potential explosions, fire, or the release of harmful fumes as required by the Santa Clara County Fire Department and/or the Santa Clary County Department of Environmental Health. Maintain information channels to the residential and business communities about the illegality and danger of dumping hazardous material and waste in the storm drain system or in creeks. POLICY HS-6.2: PROXIMITY OF RESIDENTS TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Assess future residents’ exposure to hazardous materials when new residential development or sensitive populations are proposed in existing industrial and manufacturing areas. Do not allow residential development or sensitive populations (such as childcare uses or elder care) or sensitive populations if such hazardous conditions cannot be mitigated to an acceptable level of risk. STRATEGIES: HS-6.2.1: Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) required. Continue to implement requirements in the Municipal Code to ensure environmental site assessment is completed prior to project approval. HS-6.2.2: Soil Remediation required. Ensure that conditions of approval are incorporated to require soil remediation with the appropriate regulatory agency with any ministerial or discretionary project approvals. Continue to implement the requirement that soil remediation be conducted prior to issuance of any permits involving ground/soil disturbing activity. 94 PC 03-09-2026 94 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 70 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 HS-6.2.3: Other Hazardous Materials Review required. If there is sufficient evidence about the presence or storage of hazardous materials in properties within 500 feet of property on which new residential or uses for sensitive populations are proposed, review by the authority controlling the presence of the hazardous materials is required to ensure that any requirements from that authority are included in any approvals, whether ministerial or discretionary. POLICY HS-6.3: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF)RADIOFREQUENCY STUDIES Continue to require radiofrequency studies for wireless developments during Ensure that projects meet Federal and State standards for EMF emissions through the development review process to confirm that projects meet federal and State standards. POLICY HS-6.4: EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Continue to encourage residents and businesses to use non- and less- hazardous products, especially less toxic pest control products, to slow the generation of new and reduce hazardous waste requiring disposal through the county-wide program. POLICY HS-6.5: HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSALS Continue to support and facilitate , for residences and businesses, a convenient opportunity to properly dispose of hazardous waste for residences and businesses. STRATEGIES: HS-6.5.1: Partner on Hazardous Waste Collection and Disposal. Continue to explore efficient, economical, and convenient ways to offer Household Hazardous Waste and electronic waste collection for residents in partnership with the sSolid wWaste contractor or the County. HS-6.5.2: Educational Materials. Publish educational materials about the Household Hazardous Waste program in the Cupertino Scene, City website, and brochures that are distributed throughout the community. POLICY HS-6.6: RADIOFREQUENCY AWARENESS AND TRANSPARENCY Continue to address public concerns about radiofrequency exposure and promote science-based awareness by educating residents, ensuring regulatory compliance, and fostering transparency through effective community outreach and communication led by the Technology, Information, and Communications Commission (TICC) as needed. 95 PC 03-09-2026 95 of 267 CHAPTER 7 c: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 71 GOAL HS-7 Protect people and property from risks associated with floods FLOODING The City seeks to ensure community protection from floods through the design of projects, municipal operations, and public education. POLICY HS-7.1: EVACUATION MAP Prepare and update periodicallyMaintain an evacuation map for the flood hazard areas in Cupertino on and distribute it to the general publicthe City’s website. POLICY HS-7.2: EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO DAM FAILURE Ensure that Cupertino is prepared to respond to a potential dam failure. STRATEGIES: HS-7.2.1: Emergency and Evacuation Plan. Coordinate with the Santa Clara Valley Water District to mMaintain and update the Stevens Creek Dam Failure Plana Stevens Creek Dam Failure Plan, including an alert, warning, and notification systems and appropriate signage. HS-7.2.2: Inter-agency Cooperation. Continue to coordinate dam-related evacuation plans and alert/notification systems with the City of Sunnyvale, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, and Santa Clara County to ensure that traffic management between the agencies facilitates life safety. Also Wwork with other neighboring cities to enhance communication and coordination during a dam-related emergency. POLICY HS-7.3: EXISTING NON- RESIDENTIAL USES IN THE FLOOD PLAIN Allow commercial and recreational uses that are now exclusively within the flood plain to remain in their present use or to be used for agriculture or open space, provided the use it does no’t conflict with Ffederal, State, and or regional requirements. POLICY HS-7.4: CONSTRUCTION IN FLOOD PLAINS Continue to implement land use, zoning, and building and residential code regulations limiting new construction in the already urbanized 96 PC 03-09-2026 96 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 72 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 flood hazard areas recognized by the Federal Flood Insurance Administrator. STRATEGIES: HS-7.4.1: Dwellings in Flood Plains. Discourage Prohibit new residential development or subdivisions in regulated flood plainsthe 100-year floodplain or regulatory floodway which increases the density or intensity of the existing land use. Regulate all types of redevelopment in natural flood plains to prevent increased density. This includes discouraging fill materials and obstructions that may increase flood potential or modify the natural riparian corridors. HS-7.4.2: Description of Flood Zone Regulation. Continue to maintain and update a map of potential flood hazard areas and a description of flood zone regulations on the City’s website. HS-7.4.3: National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System. Continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS). HS-7.4.4 Land Uses in Flood Plains. Encourage the development of compatible open space/recreational uses in regulatory floodways and the 100-year floodplain that are consistent with the provisions of the Federal Emergency Management Agency for floodway uses. HS-7.4.5 Update Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Review and update Municipal Code Section 16.52, Prevention of Flood Damage, to maintain compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program and ensure development standards consider changes to the flood plain due to climate change. POLICY HS-7.5: HILLSIDE GRADING Restrict the extent and timing of hillside grading operations to April through October except as otherwise allowed by the City. Require performance bonds during the remaining time to guarantee the repair of any erosion damage. Require planting of graded slopes as soon as practical after grading is complete. POLICY HS-7.65: STABILITY OF EXISTING WATER STORAGE FACILITIES Assure Ensure the structural integrity of water storage facilities. STRATEGY: HS-7.65.1: Coordination with other Agencies. Work closely with the San Jose Water Company and owners of other water storage facilities to develop and implement a program to monitor the stability of all existing water storage facilities and related improvements, such as distribution lines, connections, and other system- components. POLICY HS-7.7: REDUCE FLOOD RISK Reduce flood risk by maintaining effective stormwater drainage systems, regulating construction, and updating stormwater infrastructure design requirements, and retrofitting storm drainage systems as needed. 97 PC 03-09-2026 97 of 267 CHAPTER 7 c: HEALT H AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 73 GOAL HS-8 Minimize noise impacts on the community and maintain a compatible noise environment for existing and future land use NOISE The City seeks to ensure that the community continues to enjoy a high quality of life through reduced noise pollution, effective project design, and noise management operations. POLICY HS-8.1: LAND USE DECISION EVALUATION Use the Land Use Compatibility for Community Noise Environments chart, the Future Noise Contour Map (see Figure D-1 in Appendix D), and the City Municipal Code to evaluate land use decisions. POLICY HS-8.2: BUILDING AND SITE DESIGN Minimize noise impacts through appropriate building and site design. STRATEGIES: HS-8.2.1: Commercial Delivery Areas. Locate delivery areas for new commercial and industrial developments away from existing or planned homes. HS-8.2.2: Noise Control Techniques. Require analysis and implementation of techniques to control the effects of noise from industrial equipment and processes for projects near low- intensity residential uses. Ensure that indoor and outdoor noise levels established in the Municipal Code are implemented during the review and approval of construction permits. HS-8.2.3: Sound Wall Requirements. Exercise discretion in requiring sound walls to be sure that all other measures of noise control have been explored before permitting or installation of a sound wall, and, if the installation is permitted, ensurethat the sound wall blends with the neighborhoodis architecturally enhanced with veneer or other decorative cladding, maintained at the expense of the sponsors of the sound wall or, if a landscape screen is permitted, that the landscaping is continuously maintained and replaced as necessary to ensure a green screen, maintained at the expense of the 98 PC 03-09-2026 98 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 74 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 sponsors of the sound wall. Sound walls should be designed and landscaped to fit into the environment. POLICY HS-8.3: CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES Regulate construction and maintenance activities. Establish and enforce reasonable allowable periods of the day, during weekdays, weekends, and holidays for construction activities. Require construction contractors to use the best available technology to minimize excessive noise and vibration from construction equipment such as pile drivers, jack hammers, and vibratory rollers. Implement the noise requirements of the Municipal Code in Titles 10 and 17. POLICY HS-8.4: FREEWAY DESIGN AND NEIGHBORHOOD NOISE Ensure that roads and development along Highway State Route 85 and Interstate 280 are designed and improved in a way that minimizes neighborhood noise, including the installation of rubberized asphalt paving. POLICY HS-8.5: NEIGHBORHOODS Review residents’ needs for convenience and safety and prioritize them over the convenient movement of commute or through traffic, where practical. POLICY HS-8.6: TRAFFIC- CALMING SOLUTIONS TO STREET NOISE Evaluate solutions to discourage through traffic in neighborhoods through enhanced paving and modified street design. STRATEGY: HS-8.6.1: Local Improvement. Modify street design to minimize noise impact to neighbors. POLICY HS-8.7: REDUCTION OF NOISE FROM TRUCKING OPERATIONS Conduct interagency coordination with Santa Clara CountyWork to carry out noise mitigation measures to diminish noise along Foothill and Stevens Creek Boulevards from the quarry and cement plant trucking operations. These measures include regulation of truck speed, the volume of truck activity, and trucking activity hours to avoid late evening and early morning. Alternatives to truck transport, specifically rail, are strongly encouraged when feasible. STRATEGIES: HS-8.7.1: Restrictions in the County’s Use Permit. Coordinate with the County to restrict the number of trucks, their speed, and noise levels along Foothill and Stevens Creek Boulevards, to the extent allowed in the Use Permit. Ensure that restrictions are monitored and enforced by the County. HS-8.7.2: Road Improvements to Reduce Truck Impacts. Consider road improvements such as medians, landscaping, noise attenuating asphalt, and other methods to reduce quarry truck impacts. HS-8.7.2: Street Signage. Consider whether restrictions on the movement of quarry related trucks between certain quiet hours on thoroughfares, such as Stevens Creek Boulevard and Foothill Boulevard can be implemented. 99 PC 03-09-2026 99 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 75 POLICY HS-8.8: NOISE GENERATING USES Prior to approving noise generating uses, including public or private recreational uses, within or adjacent to established residential areas, ensure the proposed noise generating use includes adequate noise mitigation measures, including, but not limited to, posted rules and regulations which limit hours of operation, to meet the City’s adopted noise standards. 100 PC 03-09-2026 100 of 267 CHAPTER 7 c: HEALT H AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 76 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 GOAL HS-9 Increase community resilience to climate change hazards CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE The City seeks to ensure that the community adapts to the impacts of climate change through sustainable practices, innovative design techniques, public outreach and education, and agency collaboration. POLICY HS-9.1: EQUITABLY LOCATED RESILIENCE CENTERS Establish one or more community resilience centers in Cupertino. Ensure that resilience centers are not in areas at risk from hazard impacts to the extent possible, are equitably located, offer refuge from extreme heat and extreme weather events as well as poor air quality and disasters, and are equipped with renewable energy generation and backup power supplies. Such facilities should be in easily accessible locations and available to all community members. STRATEGY: HS-9.1.1: Evacuation Shelter Planning and Siting. Update the Emergency Operations Plan to identify and maintain a network of temporary evacuation shelters and community refuge sites outside the Fire Hazard Severity Zones to reduce travel demand on primary evacuation corridors. POLICY HS-9.2: RESILIENCE CENTER TRANSIT SERVICES Work with transit, dial-a-ride, and paratransit service providers to provide transit services to and from community resilience centers for seniors, people with disabilities, and residents with access and functional needs. POLICY HS-9.3: SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLIES Maintain a sustainable, long-term water supply to meet community needs with consideration of the effects of more frequent and severe drought events. Work with water providers to implement extensive water conservation measures and ensure sustainable water supplies, including for fire suppression needs. 101 PC 03-09-2026 101 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 Page 77 STRATEGY: HS-9.3.1: Water Conservation. Promote water conservation measures in all public and private development, in landscaping and potable water use. POLICY HS-9.4: EXTREME HEAT Recognize extreme heat as a significant hazard in Cupertino, integrating extreme heat into emergency preparedness and response procedures. STRATEGIES HS-9.4.1: Shading and Heat-Mitigating Materials. Coordinate with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority to increase shading and heat-mitigating materials on pedestrian walkways and at transit stops, including the planting and maintenance of trees for shade. HS-9.4.2: Enhanced Shading. Work with existing property owners and new developments to enhance shading on properties by promoting the installation of shade structures and features. As part of this effort, encourage the inclusion of vegetation and trees and/or shade structures in existing parking lots. Require the inclusion of vegetation and shade trees and/or shade structures in existing parking lots where a change of use is proposed or more than 25% of the site is being modified or when a new parking lot is proposed in compliance with the Municipal Code to reduce the urban heat island effect. HS-9.4.3: Heat Action Plan. Develop a citywide Heat Action Plan, which would include the identification of cooling centers, in coordination with emergency service and utility providers. POLICY HS-9.5: SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY- EFFICIENT, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY REGENERATIVE FEATURES Encourage new developments and existing property owners to incorporate sustainable, energy- efficient, and environmentally regenerative features into their facilities, landscapes, and structures to reduce energy demands and improve on-site resilience. Support financing efforts to increase community access to these features. HS-9.5.1: Electrification. Continue to discourage the installation of natural gas appliances and utilities in new installations or replacement projects. To the extent allowed by state law, require the installation of all electric appliances and utilities. HS-9.3.2: Permeable Pavement. Require permeable pavement (not installed on any impervious materials) in areas used for surface parking and/or driveways, such as driveways in single family homes and in at least 25% of open parking spaces in other types of projects. 102 PC 03-09-2026 102 of 267 CHAPTER 7: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) Page 78 Health and Safety Element Public Review Dra | January 2026 POLICY HS-9.6: DROUGHT-TOLERANT GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Promote the use of drought-tolerant green infrastructure, including landscaped areas, as part of cooling strategies in public and private spaces. HS-9.6.1: Drought-tolerant Green Infrastructure in Public Projects. Identify opportunities for and install green infrastructure in conjunction with street improvement projects and other capital improvement projects. HS-9.6.2: Drought-tolerant Green Infrastructure in Private projects. Identify opportunities for and encourage the installation of green infrastructure in conjunction with private development. POLICY HS-9.7: NATURAL RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Encourage public and private projects to use natural resources and nature- based solutions to absorb the impacts of climate-related hazards and associated natural hazards, as feasible. POLICY HS-9.8: SEVERE WEATHER RESILIENCY Increase the resiliency of City-owned structures to severe weather events, including high wind events, and support homeowners and business owners to increase the resilience of their buildings and properties through retrofits, weatherization, and other improvements. POLICY 9.9: NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS. Where feasible, encourage the use of nature-based solutions, existing natural features, and/or ecosystem processes, or the restoration thereof, when considering alternatives for the conservation, preservation, or sustainable management of open space. This may include, but is not limited to, aquatic or terrestrial vegetated open space, systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes, and other engineered systems, to provide clean water, conserve ecosystem values and functions, and provide a wide array of benefits to people and wildlife. Environmentally regenera ve features refer to design or opera onal features of buildings, infrastructure, and systems that help to restore, renew, or regenerate the natural environment. Examples include green roofs and living walls, permeable pavement, on-site renewable energy genera on, rainwater harves ng and reuse, or use of low-impact materials and construc on techniques. 103 PC 03-09-2026 103 of 267 CONTENTS: E-2 Fault Rupture E-3 Ground Shaking E-5 Seismic Ground Deformation E-5 Liquification E-6 Seismically Induces Landslide E-6 Landslide Hazard E-7 Development Review Appendi E: Geologic and Seismic Hazards 104 PC 03-09-2026 104 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E- The following definitions provide a more comprehensive discussion of the hazards that are described in the main body of the text of Chapter 7: Health and Safety Element. FAULT RUPTURE Surface fault rupture is the breaking of the ground along a fault trace usually during a large magnitude earthquake. Although the risk of damage associated with surface fault rupture is high, it can be avoided by not placing structures across active fault traces. Thus, an important element in community planning involves knowing the locations of active fault traces. The State of California has produced maps depicting the general locations of known active fault traces. These maps, referred to in the past as the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Maps and more recently as Earthquake Fault Maps, provide location information about the most widely known active faults. Such as the San Andreas fault. However, the scale and resolution of these maps are not sufficient to accurately identify the location of faults with respect to individual properties and building sites. In addition, other significant local faults, such as the Monta Vista-Shannon and Sargent-Berrocal faults, are not covered by the State maps. The City has updated its Geologic and Seismic Hazards map (Figure E-1) Geology Map and Geologic Hazards Map to reflect the most recent data concerning local fault trace alignments. Within the City Fault RuptureRegional Fault Zones “Zone F”, as illustrated on Figure HS-5E-1: Geologic and Seismic Hazards, property owners must retain professional geologic consultants to determine whether or not specific fault traces impact proposed building sites for habitable or critical structures. 105 PC 03-09-2026 105 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E- GROUND SHAKING Buildings and other structures located in seismically active regions such as the San Francisco Bay area are exposed to the hazard of severe ground shaking during earthquakes. Ground shaking is the vibration caused by rupture of a fault segment during an earthquake, and it can be felt over a wide area when the magnitude of the earthquake is very strong. The shaking intensity also isis also stronger in the area close to the earthquake epicenter and weaker in areas further away from the earthquake. In addition, the level of ground shaking is influenced by underlying rock formations, soil conditions and the depth to groundwater. A widely used shaking intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (Table E-1), which describes the amount of damage occurring at any geographical location in response to seismic shaking. The intensity of an earthquake ground shaking is related to the size or magnitude of the earthquake. Each magnitude represents 10 times the amount of ground motion and approximately 31 times the amount of energy as the next lower numeral. Thus, an earthquake of magnitude 8 releases about 1,000 times more energy (31 x 31) than a magnitude 6 earthquake. A large-magnitude earthquake on nearby faults could cause considerable local damage, depending on the distance from the epicenter and characteristics of the ground. In general, structures on less well-consolidated bedrock and soil will experience greater shaking intensities than structures situated on hard rock. The City of Cupertino adopted the current California Code of Regulations, Title 24, or Buildings and Standards Code, with certain amendments, which applies to new and existing buildings and structures in the city. The 1997 Title 16 Buildings and Construction of the City’s Municipal Code includes Chapter 16.04 Building Code, which incorporates the current California Building Code, Volumes 1 and 2 and specified appendices, and Chapter 16.06 Residential Code, which incorporates the California Residential Code with specified appendices. The City’s Building Code and Residential CodeUniform Building Code (UBC) incorporates new seismic design parameters that take into accountconsider various types of faults, soil profile types and near-source acceleration factors. The majority of the Ccity located west of Highway 85 is located within 2 kilometers of known seismic sources (per California Division of Mines and Geology Near-Source Zones Map E-19). Proposed new development located within two kilometers of a known seismic source receives the most stringent near-source design factor, which is required 106 PC 03-09-2026 106 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E- for use with 1997 Uniform Building Codecurrent Cupertino Building Code (CBC) and Cupertino Residential Code (CRC) structural design calculations. Figure E- 21 generally depicts the location of the various faults and hazard zones within the Cupertino planning area. 107 PC 03-09-2026 107 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-5 Table E-1 General Comparison Between Earthquake Magnitude and the Earthquake Effects Due to Ground Shaking Earthquake Category Richter Magnitude Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (After Huser, 1970) Damage to Structure Minor 2.00 I Detected only by sensitive instruments No Damage II Felt by few persons at rest, esp. on upper floors; delicate suspended 3.00 III Felt noticeably indoors, but not always recognized as an earthquake; standing cars rock slightly, vibration like passing trucks IV Felt indoors by many, outdoors by a few; at night some awaken; dishes, windows, doors disturbed; 4.00 V Felt by most people; some breakage of dishes, windows and plaster; disturbance to tall objects Architectural Damage VI Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors; Falling plaster and chimneys; damage small 5.00 5.3 VII Everybody runs outdoors. Damage to buildings varies depending on quality of construction; noticed by driver of cars Moderate 6.00 VIII Chimneys fall; sand and mud ejected; drivers of cars disturbed Structural Damage 6.9 IX Building shifted off foundations, cracked, thrown out plumb; ground cracked, underground pipes broken; serious damage to reservoirs/embankments Major 7.00 X Most masonry and frame structures destroyed; ground cracked; rails bent slightly; landslides 7.7 XI Few structures remain standing; bridges destroyed; fissures in ground; pipes broken; land slides; rails bent Great 8.00 XII Damage total; waves seen on ground surface; lines of sight and level distorted; objects thrown into the air; large rock masses displaced Total Destruction 108 PC 03-09-2026 108 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-6 SEISMIC GROUND DEFORMATION Ground located in relatively close proximity to active fault traces may experience some level of ground deformation beyond the primary surface fault rupture zones. The distribution of this anticipated deformation is illustrated on Figure E- 1: Geologic and Seismic Hazards, “Zone F”.by the updated City Geologic Hazard Map – “Zone D”. Ground deformation away from the primary rupture zones may include broad bowing or warping of the surface, ground cracking and secondary ground fissuring. The general magnitudes of such deformation could be up to several inches, whereas ground impacted by primary surface fault rupture could experience offsets of several feet. Adjacent to local thrust faults (Berrocal and Monta Vista faults), relatively broad zones of ground deformation should be anticipated immediately west of the mapped fault trace alignments. These zones of deformation are anticipated to result from seismic displacement at depth along inclined fault planes descending to the west. The potential for such ground deformation should be considered during the design of new structures near active fault traces, as shown by Regional Fault Zones on Figure E-1: Geologic and Seismic Hazards. LIQUEFACTION Soil liquefaction is the phenomenon in which certain water-saturated soils lose their strength and flow as a fluid when subjected to intense shaking. With loss of soil strength, lateral spreading or sliding of soil toward a stream embankment can occur. Liquefaction can also result in the formation of sand boils, which represent conduits of pressure release from within the liquefied layer (at depth) to the ground surface. Liquefaction can also lead to local settlement of the ground surface and a reduction of bearing support for building foundations. The potential exists for tilting or collapse of structures due to liquefaction of underlying earth materials. Currently identified lands subject to a moderate or higher level of risk for liquefaction are essentially coincident with areas of potential flood inundation adjacent to local creek channels. Relatively deep, unconsolidated granular soil materials potentially prone to liquefaction may occur in these areas. The combined liquefaction and flood inundation hazard high liquefaction susceptibility areas and flood hazard zones areis depicted by Hazard “Zone I” on Figure E-1: Geologic and Seismic Hazardsthe City Geotechnical Hazards Map. 109 PC 03-09-2026 109 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E- SEISMICALLY INDUCED LANDSLIDING Reactivation of existing landslides or generation of new slope failures (as discussed in the following section on landslides) may be initiated under intense seismic ground shaking conditions. As a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, many large pre-existing landslides demonstrated lurching or other signs of movement and partial reactivation within the local Santa Cruz Mountains to the southwest of the City. Intense seismic ground shaking from a nearby earthquake could trigger new slope failures or movement of pre- existing landslides. Steep to precipitous banks adjacent to the floodplain plane of Stevens Creek may be particularly susceptible to seismically induced land sliding. These areas, and other mapped landslideshigh landslide susceptibility areas within the City, are included within “Zone L” on Figure E-1: Geologic and Seismic Hazardsthe City Geotechnical Hazard Map. LANDSLIDE HAZARDS Landslides present the greatest geologic hazards to the foothills and low mountains in the planning area. The sliding of a slope is the normal geologic process that widens valleys and flattens slopes. The rate ranges from rapid rock fails to very slow soil and bedrock creep. Landslides are caused by inter-related natural factors, such as weak soil and rock over hillsides made steeper by rapid stream erosion, adverse geologic structure, groundwater levels and high rainfall rates. Landslides can be caused by improper grading, excessive irrigation, removal of natural vegetation and altering surface and subsurface drainage. Figure E-21 on page 5 shows mapped landslide deposits within Cupertino. Geologic mapping in the hillsides shows that landslide deposits cover as much as 20 to 30 percent of the hillsides in the planning area. Landslides range from small, shallow deposits made up of soil and weak bedrock materials to large, deep landslides involving a large amount of bedrock. Extensive geologic characterization and engineering analyses are necessary to determine the long-term stability of a landslide deposit. Old deposits are the most difficult to judge. Experience shows that old landslide deposits are far more likely to move again than areas that have not had landslides before. 110 PC 03-09-2026 110 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-8 Areas in these old landslides that are next to steep, new stream channels are more likely to have new landslides than areas further from the new channels. This would be especially true with severe shaking during a major earthquake on any of the three faults in Cupertino. The historic account of the 1906 earthquake shows many landslides occurred throughout the Santa Cruz Mountains. Some of these were catastrophic, causing loss of life, personal injury, and severe damage to buildings. Landslides are expected along the high, steep embankments that bound the Stevens Creek floodplain plane, confined to local sites along the stream channel alignment extending from the front the hillsides across the valley floor. This hazard can be reduced significantly by restrictive building at the base and top of the embankments. DEVELOPMENT REVIEW These geologic and seismic hazards present risks to property and public safety. Tables E-2 through E-5 briefly explain geologic and seismic hazards in Cupertino, magnitude and occurrence, acceptable exposure rise, and technical investigations required based on acceptable risk. Figure E-1 identifies the areas in Cupertino susceptible to the greatest risk. During the development review process, Figure E-1 identifies which seismic or geologic hazard zone a proposed project is in, and Table E-3 defines the acceptable exposure level based on the development type. These two factors should then be used to determine the required geologic and seismic technical investigations in Table E-5 for a proposed development project. Tables E-2 and E-3 provide supporting information and definitions for this process. 111 PC 03-09-2026 111 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-9 Table HS-1E-2 Explanations of Geologic and Seismic Hazards Hazard Zone Description (F)– Fault Rupture Area of potential surface fault rupture hazard within 300 feet east and 600 feet west of the Monta Vista and Berrocal faults, and within 600 feet of the San Andreas fault. (S)– Slope Instability Area includes all recognized landslide deposits, and steep walls of Stevens Creek canyon, with a moderate to high landslide potential under static or seismic conditions. Area also reflects the mapped zone of potential earthquake-induced landsliding prepared by the California Geological Survey (2002). (H)– Hillside Area contains moderate to steep slope conditions not included in the above categories, with an unde- undetermined potential for slope instability. (L)– Liquefaction / Inundation Area where local geological, geotechnical and groundwater conditions indicate a potential for lique- liquefaction under seismic conditions. Much of this area also has the potential for periodic flood inundation. The Liquefaction/Inundation Zone is stippled where covered by an overlaying Fault Zone. (V)– Valley Area includes all relatively level valley floor terrain not included in the above categories with relatively low levels of geologic hazard risk. Table HS-2E-3 Maximum Earthquake Magnitudes and Recurrence Intervals Causative Faults Distance from De Anza/SCB Intersection Maximum Historic Moment Magnitude Maximum Probable Moment Magnitude Est. Recurrence Interval of Max. Prob. Earthquake San Andreas System San Andreas 5.5 miles 7.9 7.9 220 years Hayward (South) 10 miles 7.0 7.0 236 years Calveras (Central) 14 miles 6.3 7.0 374 years Sargent-Berrocal System Sargent-Berrocal 3.5 miles 3.7-5.0 6.8 330 years Monta Vista- Shannon 2 miles 2.0-3.0 6.8 2400 years 112 PC 03-09-2026 112 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-1 Table HS-3E-4 Acceptable Exposure to Risk Related to Various Land Uses Acceptable Exposure to Risk Land Use Group Extra Projec Cos t Reduce Risk to Acceptable Level Extremely Low Group 1 Vulnerable structures (nuclear reactors, large dams, plants manufacturing/ storing hazardous materials) As required for maximum attainable safety Group 2 Vital public utilities (electrical transmission interties/substations, regional water pipelines, treatment plants, gas mains) Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob. earthquake on local faults Group 3 Communication/transportation (airports, telephones, bridges, freeways, evacuation. routes) 5% to 25% of project cost Small water retention structures Emergency Centers (hospitals, fire/ police stations, post-earthquake aideaid stations, schools, City Hall and Service Center, De Anza College) Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob earthquake on local faults Group 4 Involuntary occupancy facilities (schools, prisons, convalescent and nursing homes) Design as needed to remain functional after max. prob. earthquake on local faults High occupancy buildings (theaters, hotels, large office/apartment bldgs.buildings) Moderately Low Group 5 Public utilities (electrical feeder routes, water supply turnout lines, sewage lines) 5% to 25% of project cost Facilities important to local economy Design to minimize injury, loss of life during maximum probable earthquake on local faults; need not design to remain functional Ordinary Risk Level Group 6 Minor transportation (arterials and parkways) 2% of project cost; to 10% project cost in extreme cases Low-moderate occupancy buildings (small apartment bldgsbuildings., single- family. resid.residential, motels, small commercial/office buildinldgs.) Group 7 Very low occupancy buildings Design to resist minor earthquakes (ware- houses, farm structures) without/o damage; resist mod. Earthquakes w/owithout structural. damage,withdamage, with some nonstructstructural. damage; resist major earth- quake (max. prob. on local faults w/o collapse, allowing some structural. & non- structural. damage Open space and recreation (farm land, landfills, wildlife areas) 113 PC 03-09-2026 113 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-11 Table HS-4E-5 Technical Investigations Required based on Acceptable Risk Land Use Activity Hazard Map Symbol Hazard Zone F, S, H Hazard Zone L, V Evaluation Required Evaluation Required Groups 1 to 4 UBCCBC/CRC UBCCBC/CRC Soils Soils Geology Seismic Hazard Seismic Hazard Groups 5 to 7 UBCCBC/CRC UBCCBC/CRC Soils Geology Descriptions of Technical Evaluations: CUBC/CRC: Current, adopted version of the current Cupertino Building Code (CBC) and Cupertino Residential Code (CRC), as applicableCalifornia Building Code. Soils: Soils and foundation investigation to determine abilitythe ability of local soil conditions to support structures. Geology: Determine subsidence potential, faulting hazard, slope stability (See Geologic and Seismic Hazard Map for additional detail). Seismic Hazard: Detailed Soils/Structural evaluation to certify adequacy of normal CBC/CRCUBC earthquake regulations or to recommend more stringent measures. 114 PC 03-09-2026 114 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-1 FIGURE E-1 F F H/S H/S H/S L L L L L 115 PC 03-09-2026 115 of 267 APPENDIX E: GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS | general plan (community vision 2015 - 2040) E-1 FIGURE E-21 Los Altos Sunnyvale Santa Clar San Jose Saratoga Legend Qal – Valley Floor Alluvium QTsc – Santa Clara Formation Tus, Tm,vq – Tertiary Sedimentary Rocks KJr – Franciscan Assemblage Landslides (Schematic) Fault Urban Service Area Boundary Sphere of Influence Boundary Agreement Line Qal QTsc Qal KJ Qal QTsc Tus, Tm QTsc KJ Qal QTsc Tvq KJ Tvq BU B B R O A D ST E L L I N G R D De A N Z A B L V D BL A N E Y A V E WO L F E R D AV E 116 PC 03-09-2026 116 of 267 Appendix H: Health and Safety Element Background Report 117 PC 03-09-2026 117 of 267 1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Content .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Relationship to Other Local Plans ................................................................ 2 1.2.1 General Plan Elements .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan ..................................... 2 1.2.3 Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan ............................................... 3 1.2.4 City of Cupertino Climate Action Plan............................................................................ 3 1.3 Community Profile ..................................................................................... 4 1.4 Climate Change Vulnerability ...................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Vulnerability Assessment Results .................................................................................. 8 2. Public Safety Issues ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Emergency Preparation and Response ....................................................... 10 2.1.1 Local Emergency Response ......................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Alert, Warning, and Notification ................................................................................. 12 2.1.3 Emergency Evacuation ................................................................................................ 13 2.2 Flood and Inundation Hazards ................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Dam and Pipeline Failure ............................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 Past Occurrences ........................................................................................................ 21 2.2.3 Potential Changes to Flood Risk in Future Years .......................................................... 21 2.3 Seismic and Geologic Hazards ................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Seismic Hazards .......................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Geologic Hazards ........................................................................................................ 26 2.3.3 Past Occurrences ........................................................................................................ 26 2.3.4 Potential Changes to Geologic and Seismic Risk in Future Years .................................. 29 2.4 Fire Hazards ............................................................................................ 29 2.4.1 Wildfires……….. ........................................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Fire Hazard Severity Zone ........................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Structural Fires ........................................................................................................... 30 2.4.4 Fire Protection 33 2.4.5 Past Occurrences ........................................................................................................ 34 2.4.6 Potential Changes to Fire Risk in Future Years ............................................................. 35 2.5 Hazardous Waste and Materials ................................................................ 35 2.5.1 Potential Changes to Hazardous Materials in Future Years .......................................... 37 2.6 Climate Change Resilience ........................................................................ 37 2.6.1 Air Quality…….. ........................................................................................................... 37 2.6.2 Drought…………. ........................................................................................................... 38 2.6.3 Extreme Heat….. ......................................................................................................... 40 2.6.4 Severe Weather .......................................................................................................... 42 2.6.5 Human Health Hazards ............................................................................................... 45 3. Vulnerability Assessment Results ................................................................................................... 46 3.1 Overview 46 3.2 Items Included in the Cupertino Vulnerability Assessment .......................... 47 TABLE OF CONTENTS 118 PC 03-09-2026 118 of 267 3.2.1 Populations…… ........................................................................................................... 47 3.2.2 Infrastructure…. .......................................................................................................... 47 3.2.3 Buildings……….. ........................................................................................................... 48 3.2.4 Economic Drivers ........................................................................................................ 49 3.2.5 Ecosystems and Natural Resources ............................................................................. 49 3.2.6 Key Services….. ........................................................................................................... 49 3.3 Vulnerability Assessment Results .............................................................. 50 End notes .............................................................................................................................................. 53 Figure S-1 Critical Facilities ............................................................................................................ 6 Figure S-2 Potential Evacuation Routes ....................................................................................... 14 Figure S-3 Evacuation-Constrained Residential Parcels ................................................................ 15 Figure S-4 Flood Hazard Zones .................................................................................................... 17 Figure S-5 Dam Inundation Areas ................................................................................................ 20 Figure S-6 Regional Fault Lines .................................................................................................... 25 Figure S-7 Liquefaction Areas ...................................................................................................... 27 Figure S-8 Landslide Susceptibility Areas ..................................................................................... 28 Figure S-9 Fire Hazard Severity Zones .......................................................................................... 32 Figure S-10 California Adaptation Planning Guide Vulnerability Assessment Process ..................... 46 Table S-1. Vulnerability Assessment Results ................................................................................ 51 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES 119 PC 03-09-2026 119 of 267 1.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENT The Cupertino Health and Safety Element is a State-mandated General Plan element that must identify potential natural and human-caused hazards that could affect the City of Cupertino’s (City’s) residents, businesses, and services. The Health and Safety Element establishes a framework that anticipates these hazards and prepares the community to minimize exposure to these risks. The Health and Safety Element conveys the City’s goals, policies, and strategies to minimize the hazards to safety in and around Cupertino. It identifies the natural and human-caused hazards that affect existing and future development, describes present and expected future conditions, and sets policies and standards for improved public safety. This document includes efforts to minimize physical harm to the buildings and infrastructure in and around Cupertino to reduce damage to local economic systems, community services, and ecosystems. The Safety Element serves the following functions:  Develops a framework by which safety considerations are introduced into the land use planning process.  Facilitates identifying and mitigating hazards for new development, thus strengthening existing codes, project review, and permitting processes.  Presents policies directed at identifying and reducing hazards in existing development.  Strengthens earthquake, flood, dam inundation, and wildfire preparedness planning and post- disaster reconstruction policies.  Identifies how natural and climate-related hazards are likely to increase in frequency and intensity in the future and provides policies to increase community resilience through preparedness and adaptation. Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code requires that the Health and Safety Element contains background information and policies to address multiple natural hazards, analyze the vulnerabilities from climate change, contain policies to improve climate change resilience and assess residential areas with evacuation constraints. The public safety issues in Cupertino include the following:  Emergency preparedness and response  Flood and inundation hazards  Seismic and geologic hazards  Fire hazards  Hazardous waste and materials  Drought  Extreme heat  Severe weather The Health and Safety Element includes a discussion for each hazards and identifies goals and policies. The policies in the Health and Safety Element guide the actions of City staff, developers, and policy makers necessary to achieve the goal. These policies are carried out by corresponding strategies, which are specific tasks the City will undertake. 1. OVERVIEW 120 PC 03-09-2026 120 of 267 1.2 REL A TIONSHIP TO OTHER LOCAL PLANS Cupertino General Plan’s Health and Safety Element is one of several plans that address community safety and related topics. Other plans include the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP), the Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), and the Cupertino Climate Action Plan (CAP), and various local regulations. The General Plan Health and Safety Element should be consistent with these other plans to minimize conflicts between documents and ensure that the City has a unified strategy to address public safety and resilience issues. The Health and Safety Element incorporates information, technical analyses, and policies from these other documents where appropriate to help support this consistency. 1.2.1 General Plan Elements The 2014 Cupertino General Plan, also known as the Community Vision 2015-2040, includes two introductory chapters (Introduction and Planning Areas) and seven “element” chapters addressing different community issues:  Land Use and Community Character  Housing  Mobility  Environmental Resources and Sustainability  Health and Safety  Infrastructure  Recreation, Parks, and Community Services The Health and Safety Element provides policy direction and designs safety improvements that complement the intent and policies of other General Plan elements. Crucial relationships exist between the Health and Safety Element and the other General Plan elements. How land uses are determined in areas prone to natural hazards, what regulations limit development in these areas, and how hazards are mitigated for existing development, are all among issues that tie the elements together. For instance, the Recreation, Parks, and Community Services Element must consider how hazards will affect the park and recreation infrastructure and facilities in Cupertino, but also recognizes that parks can provide strategies to reduce flood risks throughout the city. The Housing Element is also closely tied to the Health and Safety Element. Future potential development in the city must be protected from hazards and able to adapt to climate change hazards to ensure homes and the people living in them remain safe. Health and Safety Element policies, especially those concerning evacuation routes and critical facilities, must also be consistent with those of the Mobility Element. Interstate (I-) 280 and State Route (SR-) 85 are Cupertino’s primary evacuation routes, supported by routes designated as arterials in the City’s Mobility Element. This Health and Safety Element is consistent with the other elements of the Cupertino General Plan. 1.2.2 Santa Clara County Multi -Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan In collaboration with the City and other local agencies and special districts, Santa Clara County prepared the 2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) in accordance with the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) hazard mitigation assistance guidance. Santa Clara County’s MJHMP is a plan that assesses hazard vulnerabilities from natural and human-caused hazards, including risk to people and facilities, and identifies short-term (five- year) mitigation actions to reduce or eliminate hazard risks in Santa Clara County, including in incorporated communities. The MJHMP includes a dedicated annex for the City of Cupertino, which discusses Cupertino’s characteristics and history, development trends, hazard mitigation capabilities, integration with other hazard mitigation planning efforts, and vulnerabilities of specific facilities and infrastructure. The mitigation actions in the MJHMP include both short-term and long-term strategies and 121 PC 03-09-2026 121 of 267 involve planning, policy changes, programs, projects, and other activities. These mitigation actions are identified based on assessments of hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks and the participation of a wide range of stakeholders and the public in the planning process. Local governments are required to develop a hazard mitigation plan as a condition for receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance. The MJHMP and Health and Safety Element address similar issues, but the Health and Safety Element provides a higher-level, long-term framework and set of policies that pertain to the safety of the city, while the MJHMP focuses on more specific mitigation, often short-term actions, to enable jurisdictions to better protect lives, property, and natural systems. The MJHMP, as its name implies, focuses on mitigation-related actions, while the Health and Safety Element also includes policies related to emergency response, recovery, and preparation activities. The current MJHMP, including Cupertino’s annex, as certified by FEMA, is incorporated into this Health and Safety Element by reference, as permitted by California Government Code Section 65302.6. It is available online at: https://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/public-safety-programs/emergency- management/plans-4523. 1.2.3 Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan In collaboration with the CWPP Core Team, made up of representatives of Santa Clara County organizations, the Santa Clara County Fire Department prepared and published the 2023 Santa Clara County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP). The Santa Clara County CWPP is the result of an area- wide planning effort. It provides a snapshot of current wildfire protection challenges and capabilities, identifies and prioritizes areas for hazardous fuel reduction, and recommends types and methods of vegetation management that may help protect the affiliated communities from wildfire losses. The goal of the plan is to reduce hazards through increased information and education about wildfires, hazardous fuels reduction, actions to reduce structure ignitability, and other recommendations to assist emergency preparedness and fire-suppression efforts. Most notably, it is intended to help facilitate a coordinated effort between the various stakeholders. The Santa Clara County CWPP complements local agreements and existing plans for wildfire protection to coordinate efforts in determining appropriate fire management actions. The fire protection agencies in Santa Clara County are predominately responsible for implementing the CWPP. The CWPP is available online at: https://www.cupertino.org/our- city/departments/public-safety-programs/emergency-management/plans-4523. 1.2.4 City of Cupertino Climate Action Plan In January 2015, the Cupertino City Council adopted the City’s first Climate Action Plan (CAP) to address climate change challenges. The City met its 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goal of 15 percent below 2010 levels two years ahead of schedule, even with population and economic growth. Since the City met their 2020 targets, the City Council authorized the creation of CAP 2.0, which was adopted by the City Council on August 16, 2022. Cupertino’s goal is to reduce the City’s GHG emissions to net zero by the year 2040. The City is following the goals and development path of the Paris Climate Agreement and supports regional, State, and national policies that help reduce global emissions. The CAP describes a series of measures and actions that will aid the municipal operations and the City in reducing GHG emissions and meet community goals. Guiding principles are key to achieving the vision for the CAP. These principles include equity, innovation, urgency and flexibility, and resilience and adaptation. The CAP includes topics such as energy, transportation, waste, water, biodiversity, and natural systems, as well as an adaptation chapter that is intended to help residents prepare for extreme weather events and the impacts of a changing climate. Each topic has several measures broken into actions that reflect a holistic approach to achieving the goal given that they consider structural changes, funding sources, equity, education, studies, etc. 122 PC 03-09-2026 122 of 267 CAP 2.0 is viewed as a strategic framework that will be re-evaluated regularly. If the City’s 2025 GHG emissions reductions are on track to reach the 2030 conclusion targets, it is anticipated that no additional CAP measure adjustments would be necessary. If the City has not made sufficient progress on GHG emissions-reduction goals by 2025, a CAP update may be required at that time to maintain status as a California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)-qualified GHG emissions-reduction plan. Such a CAP update could require additional actions, such as shifting incentive programs to mandatory requirements. If there has been sufficient progress towards meeting GHG emissions targets, the next CAP update will be completed by 2030. The CAP is available online at: https://engagecupertino.org/climate-action. 1.3 COMMUNITY PROFILE The City of Cupertino is situated on the western edge of Silicon Valley against the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in the northwestern portion of Santa Clara County. Cupertino's land use pattern is largely built on a conventional suburban model, which is heavily influenced by the topography of the area. Cupertino's hillsides are an irreplaceable resource shared by the entire Santa Clara Valley. They provide important habitat for plants and wildlife; watershed capacity to prevent flooding in downstream areas; a wide vegetative belt tha cleanses the air of pollutants; creates recreational opportunities for residents; and a natural environment that provides a contrast to the built environment. Several streams run through Cupertino, including Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, San Tomas Aquino Creek, Regnart Creek, Prospect Creek, and Saratoga Creek. I-280, SR-85, and the Union Pacific Railroad tracks bisect the city. The city is bordered by San Jose, Santa Clara, Saratoga, Sunnyvale, and Los Altos. Cupertino has a Mediterranean climate, with winter rain and warm to hot, dry summers. Winter rains fall from about November to March. On average, annual high temperatures in Cupertino range from 58 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in January to 81°F in August. Low temperatures range from 41°F in January to 57°F in August.1 The city receives an average of approximately 23.7 inches of rainfall annually.2 Most rain falls during the winter months, with rare occurrences of summer storms. Cupertino ranges from the urban environment in the flatlands to semi-rural and rural environment in the western foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Ecosystems within the city include riparian habitat, grasslands, brushlands, and foothill woodlands and forests. Cupertino' s rural plant and animal resources are located in the relatively undeveloped western foothills and mountains, near the Rancho San Antonio Open Space Preserve and along Stevens Creek. Each ecosystem of vegetation provides food and shelter to support a variety of wildlife. Cupertino is home to approximately 60,381 residents or 20,963 households and supports about 28,415 jobs.3 The City of Cupertino is a community with a high quality of life, a renowned school system, and a robust high-technology economy as Apple Inc. is the largest employer in the city. De Anza College, one of the largest single-campus community colleges in the country, is another major employer and magnet for attracting local and international students. In 2020, the median age of all people in Cupertino was approximately 40.3 The largest ethnic groups in Cupertino are Asian, Asian Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) (67.7 percent); White (Non-Hispanic) (25.2 percent); Hispanic or Latinx (3.3 percent); other races or multiple races (Non-Hispanic) (3.0 percent), and American Indian or Alaskan Native (Non-Hispanic) (0.8 percent).4 Fire fighting and emergency medical services are provided to the City by the Santa Clara County Fire Department (SCCFD). Mutual aid agreements with the neighboring jurisdictions augment SCCFD' s fire response capabilities. The City contracts with the Santa Clara County Sheriff' s Office, West Valley Division, for law enforcement services. Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) is the primary wholesale water supplier for Cupertino. Water is provided to residents and businesses by the California Water Service (North of Stevens Creek Boulevard) 123 PC 03-09-2026 123 of 267 and San Jose Water (South of Stevens Creek Boulevard). Groundwater and local surface water is the SCVWD’s original source of water supply. The treated water is sold to local water retailers such as San Jose Water Company, who use their own distribution systems to serve customers in Cupertino. Approximately 50 percent of SCVWD’s water supply is imported. Groundwater (approximately 40 percent of supply) is pumped from over 100 wells in the Santa Clara Groundwater Basin. Imported surface water (approximately 50 percent of supply) is provided by the SCVWD, the wholesale supplier, via the State Water Project, federal Central Valley Project, and San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy system. Local mountain surface water (approximately 10 percent of supply) is collected from San Jose Water's watershed in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Wastewater services are provided by the Cupertino Sanitary District. San Jose Water receives its water supplies from three main sources including groundwater, imported surface water, and local surface water. Silicon Valley Clean Energy (SVCE) is the primary electricity provider for Cupertino. SVCE is a public, non- profit agency that provides clean electricity to 270,000 residential and business customers across 13 Silicon Valley communities, including Cupertino. While SVCE generates the electricity, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) is responsible for delivering it via PG&E’s existing power lines and infrastructure.Most of Cupertino is served by the Cupertino Union School District. Cupertino Union School District serves approximately 18,000 students in 19 elementary schools, one K through eighth-grade school, and five middle schools throughout Cupertino and parts of five other cities. The northeast area of Cupertino is served by the Santa Clara Unified School District’s Laurelwood Elementary School, which has approximately 700 students; Peterson Middle School, which has approximately 900 students; and Wilcox High School, which has approximately 1,900 students. The Fremont Union High School District serves nearly 11,000 students, covering 42 square miles and encompassing Cupertino plus portions of five other cities. Cupertino currently has approximately 165 acres of City-owned public parks and open space areas. The City' s park system is supplemented by a network of over 220 acres of local and regional interconnected trails that stretch from local open space preserves to the San Francisco Bay. In addition, there are many acres of open space preserves surrounding the city that are operated and maintained by regional agencies and districts, including over 40 acres of open space negotiated through public access agreements.As shown in Figure S-1, Cupertino’s primary transportation access is from I-280, which connects Cupertino to I-880 and San Jose to the east, as well as SR-85, which connects Cupertino to Highway 101 to the north and SR-17 to the south. Cupertino is served by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, which provides local bus transit options. 124 PC 03-09-2026 124 of 267 Figure S-1 Critical Facilities 125 PC 03-09-2026 125 of 267 1.4 CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY Changes to the global climate system are expected to affect future occurrences of natural hazards in and around Cupertino. Many hazards are projected to become more frequent and intense in coming years and decades, and in some cases, these trends have already begun. Key climate change considerations that affect Cupertino include increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation. Overall, precipitation levels are expected to increase slightly, with more years of extreme precipitation events and droughts that last longer and are more intense. According to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, Cupertino can expect to experience various changes from climate-related hazard events.5  Wildfire risk in Cupertino is and will continue to be a concern for the community. Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in wildfires in the surrounding area and across Santa Clara County due to hotter and drier conditions. Dry conditions are anticipated earlier in the year, leaving most of the region in moderate to extreme drought conditions prior to summer. These continued dry conditions with above-normal temperatures through spring will leave fuel moisture levels lower than normal, increasing the potential for wildfire activity. Across the region, more frequent and intense wildfires may also create poor air quality for Cupertino. As the climate changes, warmer temperatures will create more pollutants, such as ozone, wildfire smoke, dust, and pollen, contributing to poor air quality.  Warmer temperatures are projected to cause an increase in extreme heat events. The number of extreme heat days, defined in Cupertino as a day when the high temperature is at least 93.2°F, is expected to rise from a historical annual average of 5 to 14 days by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of 24 days by the end of the century (2070 to 2099). In addition to the increases in extreme heat events, Cupertino is expected to see an increase in the average daily high temperatures. The number of warm nights, defined in Cupertino as a day in April through October when the minimum temperature is above 60.5°F, is expected to rise from a historical annual average of 5 to 33 nights by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and to an average of 89 nights by the end of the century (2070 to 2099).  Both droughts and floods are expected to become more frequent as rainfall is expected to occur in fewer, more intense storms due to climate change. Although Cupertino is likely to experience minimal change in overall annual rainfall levels from climate change, the region is also expected to see an increase in the number of extreme rainfall events. As a result, floods are expected to occur more often in Cupertino, primarily along Stevens Creek, and climate change may expand the parts of the city that are considered prone to flood. Climate change is also expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts that cause soil to dry out and condense. When rainfall does return, dry ground means more water runs off the surface rather than being absorbed into the ground, which can lead to flooding downstream and result in debris flows along slopes and hillsides.  Severe weather events, such as strong atmospheric river events 1 and high winds, may become more frequent and intense due to climate change. Climate change is expected to cause an increase 1 Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow regions in the atmosphere that transport water vapor carried away What is vulnerability? Vulnerability is the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of a capacity to adapt. Source: California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services. 2020. California Adaptation Planning Guide. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/climate. 126 PC 03-09-2026 126 of 267 in heavy rainfall, which may also contribute to an increased risk of landslides in the hills around Cupertino. In Cupertino, the most severe weather consists of atmospheric rivers, high winds, or thunderstorms. The types of dangers posed by severe weather vary widely, including injuries or deaths, damage to buildings and structures, fallen trees, roads blocked by debris, and fires sparked by lightning.  Climate change can increase infection rates from various diseases because many of the animals that carry diseases are more active during warmer weather. Several diseases linked to climate change that can harm the health of Cupertino community members, such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, and West Nile virus. Many of these diseases are carried by animals, such as mice and rats, ticks, and mosquitos, which are usually seen as pests even if they do not cause infections. Warmer temperatures earlier in the spring and later in the winter can cause these animals to be active for extended periods, increasing the time these diseases can be transmitted. 1.4.1 Vulnerability Assessment Results Under California law, the Health and Safety Element is required to include a vulnerability assessment that looks at how people, buildings, infrastructure, and other key community assets may be affected by climate change. In the past few years, the City prepared a vulnerability assessment and supporting documents that were used to inform the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for this Safety Element update. The City conducted the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in the fall of 2023 to analyze Cupertino’s susceptibility to climate-related hazards. Cupertino’s vulnerability assessment, prepared in accordance with the most recent available guidance in the California Adaptation Planning Guide, assesses how eight different climate-related hazards (air quality and smoke, drought, extreme heat, flooding, human health hazards, landslides, severe storms, and wildfire) may affect 45 different population groups and community assets. Each population or asset received a score of low, medium, or high vulnerability for each climate- related hazard. The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment indicates that Cupertino’s populations and assets are most vulnerable to flooding, extreme heat, and wildfire. Overall, residents in Cupertino tend to be most vulnerable to extreme heat, human health hazards, and flooding, which directly affect health outcomes. The most vulnerable population groups include persons with chronic illness and/or disabilities, seniors living alone, households in poverty, and persons experiencing homelessness. Citywide energy delivery and communication infrastructure and services are vulnerable to multiple hazards, including severe storms, such as high winds that can trigger Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) or scheduled power outage events, extreme heat that reduces the capacity and strains the systems, and landslides that damage the systems, ultimately disrupting energy and communication services. Extreme heat can lead to power outages by causing mechanical failure of grid equipment, heat damage to power lines, and by creating a high demand for electricity to power air conditioners, all of which place stress on the network. There may be a higher demand for communication services during severe storms, potentially putting stress on the network and increasing the risk of service interruptions. This higher demand is likely to lead to greater service disruptions. from the tropics. These columns of vapor move with the weather, carrying large amounts of water vapor and strong winds. When the atmospheric rivers make landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow, often causing heavy rains that can lead to flooding and mudslide events. 127 PC 03-09-2026 127 of 267 PSPS events, or interruptions in energy service, can create vulnerabilities for Cupertino community members. A loss of electricity can cause a loss of refrigeration for food and medical supplies, limit cooking, cause loss of cooling (particularly dangerous during extreme heat events), lighting, and limited or no access to the Internet or other information systems. Many businesses are forced to close during a power outage, causing economic hardships and depriving community members of important services, such as grocery stores, gas stations, and banks/ATMs. Power outages may also be harmful to people who depend on electrically powered medical devices. For those who work from and participate in online school activities, a power outage means a loss of access to an internet connection and other essential tools needed to carry out work-related tasks. With the increasing reliance on virtual meetings and online classes, power outages can disrupt these activities. Flood hazards are expected to expand parts of the city currently considered prone to flooding. As a result, transportation infrastructure within and adjacent to the 100-year floodplain will likely experience more frequent inundation from floodwaters in future years. This expansion can, in turn, interrupt the City’s public transit services, reducing the mobility of transit-dependent community members. Increases in damaging flood events will cause greater property damage, public health and safety concerns, displacement, and loss of life. Climate change could affect the transportation network and associated economic activity within Cupertino by creating strain on transportation infrastructure, impacting travel behavior, goods movement, and supply chain business continuity. Transportation infrastructure, such as roadways and bridge supports, are all potentially at increased risk due to severe storms, floods, and higher temperatures. When parts of the transportation infrastructure network fail, typical travel routes for both passenger travel and goods movement may be affected, including I-280, SR-85, and other major roadways. Regional disruption of these local transportation roadways due to hazards such as flooding, landslides, or wildfire could significantly impact the transportation of goods and services provided in the city, the economic vitality of the community, and the livelihood of many businesses. Water and wastewater services are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Drought conditions may cause stress on Cupertino’s water suppliers and reduce the overall water supply available. In some cases, water storage infrastructure may not provide adequate storage to provide water during drought periods. Water and wastewater services can be disrupted by flooding associated with sea level rise if the San José- Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility is not functioning properly. Failure of the treatment plant could cause sewer systems to backup and potentially contaminate streams and water systems with raw sewage. Saltwater intrusion into the Santa Clara Valley groundwater basin can also reduce water supply availability. Moreover, water and wastewater lines in the city could be damaged by landslides. Regionally, the State Water Project, federal Central Valley Project, and San Francisco’s Hetch-Hetchy systems could also be damaged and disruption from landslides has the potential to severely impair water services provided by SCVWD. Wildfires in the greater region could impact the reservoir water sources, such as the San Luis Reservoir. Water quality can be degraded due to ash content or fire retardants that make their way into surface water storage. This may reduce the overall quantity of water that Cal Water and San Jose Water Company must supply. The Health and Safety Element includes goals, policies, and strategies to increase community resilience and help lower vulnerability, particularly for the populations and assets that received a score of high in the Vulnerability Assessment. A description of the Vulnerability Assessment process, items included, and a list of the results can be found at the end of this Background Report in Section 3, Vulnerability Assessment Results. 128 PC 03-09-2026 128 of 267 This section outlines the existing and likely future hazardous conditions and other public safety issues in Cupertino and policy responses to these issues. The public safety issues in Cupertino that are covered in the following sections include:  Section 2.1: Emergency Preparation and Response  Section 2.2: Flood and Inundation Hazards  Section 2.3: Seismic and Geologic Hazards  Section 2.4: Fire Hazards  Section 2.5: Hazardous Waste and Materials  Section 2.6: Climate Change Resilience (air quality, drought, extreme heat, severe weather, and human health hazards) This section provides details pertaining to probable locations each hazard or issue is likely to occur (per availability of data), past notable events in and around Cupertino, agencies responsible for providing protection from these public safety issues, and other background information required by California Government Code Section 65302(g)(4). The results of the Vulnerability Assessment are integrated into the discussion of hazards and public safety issues. Of particular concern to Cupertino, as in many other communities, is the possibility of cascading and compounding hazard events. These are instances where one hazard event triggers one or more others, which may occur over a very short timeframe (minutes or hours) or weeks or months apart. These linked events are often the most damaging because of the wider range of impacts. When cascading and compounding events occur closely together, emergency response operations must be flexible enough to respond to rapidly changing conditions and have access to sufficient resources to meet community needs. Examples of cascading and compounding events include a heavy rainstorm that causes flooding and mudslides, or extreme and high winds that lead to wildfires. 2.1 EMERGENCY PREPARATION AND RESPONSE 2.1.1 L ocal Emergency Response The City of Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management , Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office, and Santa Clara County Fire Department conduct emergency preparedness activities in Cupertino. Additionally, the American Red Cross and Santa Clara Collaborating Agencies’ Disaster Relief Effort (CADRE) collaborate on emergency preparedness training and exercising. City of Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management The City of Cupertino’s Office of Emergency Management works to mitigate risks, to prepare, respond, and recover from emergencies impacting the city. The Office of Emergency Management works with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department conduct emergency response activities in Cupertino and to support emergency preparedness training, including day-today management of the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Academy in coordination with the Fire Department. Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office Local police services are provided by contract with the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office. Law enforcement services include police patrols, criminal investigations, traffic enforcement, accident investigation, and tactical teams. The City’s commitment to public safety encompasses two broad areas 2. PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES 129 PC 03-09-2026 129 of 267 of responsibilities: (1) providing public safety services and the planning necessary for the prevention of crime; and (2) planning for a safe environment in which the public is not exposed to unnecessary risks to life and property. Santa Clara County Fire Department The Santa Clara County Fire Department provides fire prevention and proection services to Cupertino. The Santa Clara County Fire Department is a full-service department that provides similar services to seven other West Valley cities and adjacent county areas. The Fire Department has 339 budgeted staff positions, including sworn and civilian personnel. Daily emergency response staffing consists of 66 firefighters and officers on 24-hour shifts operating out of 15 fire stations, with 31 front-line fire apparatus and 3 battalion chief command vehicles. Mutual-aid agreements with the neighboring jurisdictions augment Santa Clara County Fire Department’s fire response capabilities. The Santa Clara County Fire Department provides first response Advanced Life Support paramedic level services to Cupertino. The Department maintains a Santa Clara County Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Multi-Casualty Incident supply trailer for large-scale emergency medical incidents and is a participant in Master Mutual Aid in the event of major disasters. Santa Clara County EMS has a contract with a third party ambulance transport provider for the ground transport of all patients. In the event of a wildfire or an emergency, the Santa Clara County Fire Department can issue evacuation warnings or evacuation orders for impacted areas. The Santa Clara County Fire Department also conducts fire prevention inspections and educational programs, including the CERT Academy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and first aid certification. The CERT Academy educates people about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area and trains them in basic disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. In the event of a disaster or public safety emergency, CERT volunteers will be able to assist their family and neighbors when first responders are not immediately available to help. The Santa Clara County Emergency Medical Services Agency The County’s EMS regulates the Exclusive Operating Area and currently contracts Global Medical Response which is a private provider that provides emergency medical transport. Standardized Emergency Management System The County of Santa Clara is required to use a Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) to be eligible for funding of their response-related personnel costs under State disaster assistance programs.6 State law establishes SEMS to standardize the response to emergencies involving multiple jurisdictions. SEMS is intended to be flexible and adaptable to the needs of all emergency responders in California. It requires emergency response agencies to use basic principles and components of emergency management, including the Incident Command System, multiagency or interagency coordination, the operational area concept, and established mutual-aid systems. Emergency Plans The State of California requires all State, regional, and local agencies, including PG&E and SCVWD, to maintain their own emergency plans relating to the infrastructure that they install and maintain. In the event of an emergency, the City would rely on these agencies to implement their emergency plans, with the City supporting as needed. When an incident occurs anywhere in Cupertino, the Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and/or the Santa Clara County Fire Department is typically the first to arrive at the scene, where they secure the area and then determine which other agencies need to be involved. 130 PC 03-09-2026 130 of 267 2.1.2 Alert , Warning , and Notification The City of Cupertino’s Alert, Warning, and Notification (AWN) Program provides critical alert and warning to the public while supporting information sharing among City departments and partner agencies before, during, and after an emergency. Effective dissemination of information, including alerts and warnings, are critical emergency management tools to help prevent hazards from becoming disasters. The AWN Program serves as a supplemental tool designed to help the City’s departments effectively coordinate information sharing and provide alerts and warnings to the public for the entire cycle of an incident. The AWN Program provides the framework for alert, warning, and notifications before, during, and after any emergency or situation. In a community-wide emergency, alerts, warnings, and notifications play a critical role in keeping people out of harm’s way and providing info on the status and resolution of the situation. To reach as many people as possible with crucial information, the City’s emergency alert, warning, and notification plan includes several information methods: the Emergency Alert and Warning System (AlertSCC), Cupertino.org, the City Channel (TV), Radio Cupertino, and social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The City also uses volunteers to disseminate public information about extreme weather events through an outreach program called Raising Awareness of Community Hazards, or REACH. The REACH program is used to share public information ahead of a threat when there is time to act. Cupertino uses AlertSCC to notify anyone who lives or works within Cupertino that is impacted by, or is in danger of being impacted by, an emergency. AlertSCC is the County’s official emergency alert and notification system. AlertSCC can provide information and instructions in a variety of emergency situations, which may include flooding, wildfire, earthquake, subsequent evacuations, public safety incidents, including crimes, that immediately affect someone’s neighborhood, and post-disaster information about shelters, transportation, or supplies. Depending on the urgency, severity, and certainty of the threat, some combination of the following alerting devices may be activated to registered users with as much notice as possible:  Cupertino’s Emergency Radio Station (Radio Cupertino 1670 AM).  Cupertino’s Emergency Notification TV Channel (Channel 26 on Comcast Cable or Channel 99 on AT&T).  Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, including Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) and Emergency Alert System (EAS)  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather radios  Twitter, NextDoor, Instagram, and Facebook  Raising Emergency Awareness of Community Hazards (REACH) Program Alerts are distributed through AlertSCC via voice or text messages to cell phones, home phones, personal digital assistants, laptops, desktop computers, and TTY/TDD devices for the hearing impaired. Cupertino has access to other State and national systems, including the Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA), Emergency Alert Systems (EAS), and the Emergency Digital Information System (EDIS). EAS is a national public warning system commonly used by State and local authorities to deliver important emergency information, such as weather and AMBER alerts, to affected communities. EAS participants include radio and television broadcasters, cable systems, satellite radio and television providers, and wireline video providers. FEMA, the Federal Communications System, and the NOAA’s National Weather Service work collaboratively to maintain the EAS and Wireless Emergency Alerts, which are the two main components of the national public warning system and enable authorities at all levels of government to send urgent emergency information to the public. EDIS is a wireless emergency and disaster information service operated by Cal OES and is an enhancement to the EAS. These systems are available in multiple languages. 131 PC 03-09-2026 131 of 267 2.1.3 Emergency Evacuation With advanced warning, evacuation can effectively reduce injury and loss of life during a catastrophic event. Primary emergency access and evacuation routes include I-280, which intersects the city from northwest to east along the northern portion of the city; SR-85, which intersects the city from north to southeast through the central portion of the city, and other local roadways that connect to these primary evacuation routes. All evacuation routes in Cupertino face a potential disruption from flooding or earthquake, which may block roadways, damage the roadway surface, or collapse bridges and overpasses. In the event of widespread disruption to local evacuation routes, remaining evacuation routes may become congested, slowing down evacuation of the community or specific neighborhoods. This issue may be compounded since evacuation routes for Cupertino will also likely serve as evacuation routes for surrounding communities, and so potential disruptions may have regional effects. In preparation for wildfires and other disasters, the City leverages evacuation planning data through the Genasys platform, formerly known as Zonehaven. The City of Cupertino worked with public safety partner agencies to identify and plan for evacuation from 34 contiguous evacuation zones within the city. Maps of each zone are available through the City website. In the event of a wildfire or an emergency, the City and public safety partners (Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department) can issue evacuation warnings or evacuation orders for impacted areas. Evacuation orders and warnings will be sent to residents using the AlertSCC platform. The City’s website has an interactive hazard awareness map tool that shows residents and visitors the location and status of all evacuation zones in Cupertino. The map shows zones that are under warnings and orders for all types of hazards. The map is intended to inform members of the public before an emergency. Figure S-2 shows the potential evacuation routes throughout the city, although the recommended evacuation routes in any given situation will depend on the specifics of the emergency. The City Annex to the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdcitional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) and the Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) address evacuation routes’ capacity, safety, and viability. Addressing evacuation considerations this way meets updated evacuation planning requirements reflected in Gov. Code § 65302.15. Figure S-3 shows residential parcels with evacuation constraints. All of these parcels are at least a half mile from a major roadway and have access to only one emergency evacuation route. The lack of multiple emergency access points limits roadway access for these properties, which may create difficulties if there is a need to evacuate. 132 PC 03-09-2026 132 of 267 Figure S-2 Potential Evacuation Routes 133 PC 03-09-2026 133 of 267 Figure S-3 Evacuation-Constrained Residential Parcels 134 PC 03-09-2026 134 of 267 2.2 FLOOD AND INUNDATION HAZARDS Flooding is the rising and overflowing of water onto normally dry land. Floods are one of the most frequent natural hazards impacting Santa Clara County and among the costliest natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss nationwide, causing substantial damage to structures, landscapes, and utilities, as well as life-safety issues. Flooding can be extremely dangerous; even six inches of moving water can knock a person over. Floodwaters can transport large objects downstream, damaging or removing stationary structures, such as dam spillways. Ground saturation can result in instability, collapse, or other damage that breaks utility lines and interrupts services. Objects can also be buried or destroyed through sediment deposition from heavy flooding. Standing water can cause damage to roads, foundations, and electrical circuits, as well as spread vector-borne illnesses. Other problems connected with flooding and stormwater runoff include erosion, degradation of water quality, and losses of environmental resources. Floods are usually caused by large amounts of stormwater, either from a period of very intense rainfall or a long period of steady rain. Historically, Cupertino has been at risk of flooding primarily during the winter and spring when stream systems swell with heavy rain. This type of flood results from prolonged, heavy rainfall and typically occurs due to high peak flows of moderate duration and a large volume of runoff. Flooding is more severe when prior rainfall has saturated the ground. The watersheds in the Santa Cruz Mountains feed into four major streambeds that traverse the city, Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek. These creeks collect surface runoff and drain into channels leading to the San Francisco Bay. During heavy rainfall, these creeks create a potential flooding risk in the city as water levels may exceed the top of the creekbank. Occasionally, flash flooding from short-duration, high-intensity precipitation events (often during atmospheric river events) may occur. Atmospheric rivers are a relatively common weather pattern that brings southwest winds and heavy rain to California. Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow regions in the atmosphere that transport water vapor carried away from the tropics. These columns of vapor move with the weather, carrying large amounts of water vapor and strong winds. When the atmospheric rivers make landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow, often causing heavy rains that can lead to flooding and mudslide events. Flash floods can occur even during a drought. Such events can tear out trees, undermine buildings and bridges, and scour creek channels. In urban areas, flash flooding is an increasingly serious problem due to removing vegetation and replacing groundcover with impermeable surfaces such as roads, driveways, and parking lots. The greatest risk from flash floods is occurrence with little to no warning. Areas at an elevated risk of flooding are divided into 100- and 500-year flood zones. A 100-year flood zone has a 1-percent chance of experiencing a major flood in any given year, and a 500-year flood zone has a 0.2-percent chance of flooding in any given year. The 100-year floodplain in Cupertino is primarily along Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek. A majority of the city is within the 500-year floodplain. Figure S-4 shows the 100- and 500-year flood zones in and around Cupertino. The City of Cupertino and SCVWD are actively involved in programs to minimize the risk of flooding. The City developed an approach to land use for the non-urbanized floodplain of Stevens Creek south of Stevens Creek Boulevard that ensures the preservation of the 100-year floodplain and the protection of the riparian corridor along this portion of Stevens Creek. Furthermore, the City and SCVWD developed a flood management program for the floodplain of Stevens Creek between I-280 and Stevens Creek Boulevard, while preserving the natural environment of Stevens Creek. 135 PC 03-09-2026 135 of 267 Figure S-4 Flood Hazard Zones 136 PC 03-09-2026 136 of 267 Agencies responsible for flood control in Cupertino include the Unites States Army Corps of Engineers, SCVWD, Federal Insurance Administration, and the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).  United States Army Corps of Engineers identifies the need for and constructs major flood-control facilities. It also develops flood and dam inundation maps and reports.  SCVWD supplies water for Santa Clara County and owns the Stevens Creek Reservoir. While this reservoir was constructed in 1935 for water conservation, it does provide incidental flood protection by containing runoff early in the rainfall season, serves recreational needs, and benefits the environment by storing water to maintain flow in the creeks. SCVWD routinely inspects and monitors the condition of Stevens Creek Reservoir and provides an annual surveillance report to DWR’s Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD).  FEMA manages the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), providing insurance to the public in communities that participate in the program. FEMA is the primary federal government agency contact during natural disasters and publishes the Flood Insurance Rate Maps, which identify the extent of flood potential in flood-prone communities based on a 100-year flood (or base flood) event.  The City of Cupertino is a member of FEMA’s NFIP. The City of Cupertino’s Public Works Department is responsible for administering the NFIP and providing flood protection and insurance information to Cupertino residents and businesses.  Federal Insurance Administration is the primary agency that delineates potential flood hazard areas and floodways through the Flood Insurance Rate Maps and the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map. Flood insurance is required by all homeowners who have federally subsidized loans.  DWR is responsible for managing and protecting California’s water. DWR works with other agencies to benefit the state’s people, and to protect, restore, and enhance the natural and human environments. DWR also works to prevent and respond to floods, droughts, and catastrophic events that would threaten public safety, water resources and management systems, the environment, and property. DWR is responsible for inspecting the Stevens Creek Reservoir on an annual basis to ensure it is safely operating. Floodplains can change over time; the floodplain and watercourse of a stream can also be affected by human activities, such as land development and replacing permeable surfaces with hardscapes, the construction of bridges or culverts, or the creation of levees or other impoundment structures that control the flow in the watercourse. 2.2.1 Dam and Pipeline Failure A dam failure is an uncontrolled release of water from a reservoir through a dam because of structural failures or deficiencies in the dam, usually associated with intense rainfall or prolonged flooding. Water pipeline or aqueduct failures can create a similar sudden flood. Dam and pipeline failures can range from minor to catastrophic, potentially harming human life and property downstream from the failure. In addition, ecosystems and habitats can be destroyed by fast-moving floodwaters, debris, and sedimentation from inundation. Although dam and pipeline failures are very rare, these events are not unprecedented. There are four major causes of failures:  Overtopping: These failures occur when a reservoir fills too high with water, especially in times of heavy rainfall, leaving water to rush over the top of the dam. Other causes of this type of failure include settling of the crest of the dam or spillway blockage.  Foundation defects: These failures occur as a result of settling in the foundation of the dam, instability of slopes surrounding the dam, uplift pressures, and seepage around the foundation. All these failures result in structural instability and potential dam failure. 137 PC 03-09-2026 137 of 267  Piping and seepage failures: These failures occur as a result of internal erosion caused by seepage and erosion along hydraulic structures, such as the spillways of a dam, or failures in the walls of a water pipeline. Animal burrows and cracks in the dam structure may also cause erosion.  Conduit and valve failure: These failures occur as a result of problems with valves and conduits in a dam or pipeline’s systems. Many dam and pipeline failures are also the secondary result of other natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, and extreme storms. Other causes include equipment malfunction, structural damage, and sabotage. Dams are constructed with safety features known as “spillways” that allow water to overtop the dam if the reservoir fills too quickly. Spillway overflow events, often referred to as “design failures”, result in increased discharges downstream and increased flooding potential. In a dam failure scenario, the greatest threat to life and property typically occurs in those areas immediately below the dam since flood depths and discharges generally decrease as the flood wave moves downstream. The primary danger associated with dam failure is the high-velocity flooding downstream of the dam and limited warning times for evacuation. SCVWD has a comprehensive Dam Safety Program, which includes proactive inspection of upgrades and improving its dams and water supply structures as needed and in consultation with regulatory agencies. Engineers monitor dams using instruments, monthly visual inspections, and periodic dam safety reviews to prevent loss of life, personal injury, and property damage from the failure of dams. The safety of each dam is re-evaluated with advances in geotechnical, structural, and earthquake engineering and if there is evidence of seepage or ongoing ground movement. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, as required by federal law, reviews and approves comprehensive emergency action plans (EAPs) for each of these dams. The EAP minimizes the threat to public safety and the response time to an impending or actual sudden release of water from project dams. The EAP is also designed to provide emergency notification when floodwater releases may present the potential for major flooding. The EAP is used primarily to notify partner agencies; however, it may also be used to notify the public in unique situations. The Stevens Creek Reservoir, owned by SCVWD, is outside of city limits, immediately to the southwest, as shown in Figure S-5. In the event of a dam failure at the Stevens Creek Reservoir, land surrounding Stevens Creek would flood, including residential areas adjacent to Stevens Creek and a portion of I-280. As mandated by the National Dam Inspection Act, the United States Army Corps of Engineers has the authority and responsibility for conducting inspections of all dams. The purpose of these inspections is to check the structural integrity of the dam and associated appurtenant structures, ensuring the protection of human life and property. The National Dam Inspection Act requires all states to establish dam safety programs and sets minimum standards for dam design, construction, maintenance, and inspection. The California Dam Safety Program is responsible for implementing the National Dam Inspection Act in California and ensuring that all non-federal dams in the state comply with federal safety standards. The program also works to promote dam safety awareness, provides technical assistance to dam owners and operators, and conducts regular inspections and evaluations of California’s dams. DWR’s DSOD oversees the California Dam Safety Program which regulates approximately 1,250 dams in California. DSOD inspects dams on an annual basis to ensure they are safe and performing as intended. DSOD also conducts independent reviews of applications for dam construction, removal, alteration, or repair; has inspection oversight over dam construction projects; and periodically reviews the stability of dams and their critical related structures, considering improved design approaches and requirements. DSOD works closely with dam owners to identify and correct issues on an ongoing basis. 138 PC 03-09-2026 138 of 267 Figure S-5 Dam Inundation Areas 139 PC 03-09-2026 139 of 267 2.2.2 Past Occurrences Floods are a regular feature in California and cause the second-greatest number of disaster declarations in the state. Cupertino has had several flooding events, including the following:7  A series of storms from December 17, 2005, to January 12, 2006, caused extensive flooding throughout Northern California. Widespread county flooding occurred after two to four inches of rain fell on the area in about 24 hours.  In 2015, a strong winter storm impacted California following nearly a month and a half of no rain and the driest January on record. The storm brought heavy rain, gusty winds, and damage to trees and power lines along with some minor flooding of urban areas. Rainfall amounts were heaviest in the mountains with 5 to 10 inches or more occurring. Several small mudslides in Santa Clara County were reported with the largest occurring in the Santa Cruz Mountains, north of Boulder Creek on Highway 9. Multiple offramps from I-280 reported flooding.  In 2019, an atmospheric river with an associated cold front moved through the region from February 12 to February 15 bringing widespread flooding and debris flows. Multiple mainstem rivers flooded, prompting evacuations from local officials. Strong wind gusts caused downed trees, power outages, and structural damage.  In Winter and Spring of 2023, a series of atmospheric rivers impacted the Bay Area, resulting in significant rainfall and widespread flooding across the San Francisco Bay Area. 2.2.3 Potential Changes to Flood Risk in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Historically, extended heavy rains have resulted in floodwaters that exceed normal high-water boundaries and cause damage in Cupertino. Flooding has occurred within the 100- and 500-year floodplains and localized in other areas throughout the city. As land uses and climate conditions shift, and improvements are made to flood-control channels, the size of these flood zones is likely to change. The potential for a dam failure event in Cupertino is likely to remain a risk in future years, although the odds of such events are expected to remain very low. Climate Change and Flooding Floods are among the most damaging natural hazards in Santa Clara County, and climate change is expected to make flood events worse. Although climate change may not change average precipitation levels significantly, scientists expect that it will cause more years of extreme precipitation events. This means that more years are likely to see particularly intense storm systems that drop enough rainfall over a short period to cause flooding. Because of this, floods are expected to occur more often in Cupertino, and climate change may expand the parts of the city that are considered prone to flood. Climate change is also likely to increase the frequency and severity of droughts that cause soil to dry out and become hard. When precipitation does return, more water runs off the surface than is absorbed into the ground, which can increase flooding downstream. While the risk and associated short- and long-term impacts of climate change are uncertain, experts in this field tend to agree that the most significant impacts include those resulting from increased heat and rainfall events that cause increased frequency and magnitude of flooding. Increases in damaging flood events will cause greater property damage, public health and safety concerns, displacement, and loss of life. Displacement of residents can include both temporary and long-term displacement, an increase in insurance rates, or restriction of insurance coverage in vulnerable areas. 140 PC 03-09-2026 140 of 267 2.3 SEISMIC AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Seismic and geologic hazards are risks caused by the movement of different parts of the earth’s crust or surface. Seismic hazards include earthquakes and hazardous events caused by them. Geologic hazards are other hazards involving land movements that are not linked to seismic activity and can inflict harm to people or property. Additional information about seismic and geologic hazards is Cupertino, including development review coordination is in General Plan Appendix E, Geologic and Seismic Hazards. 2.3.1 Seismic Hazards Seismic activity occurs along boundaries in the earth’s crust, called faults. Pressure along the faults builds over time and is ultimately released, resulting in ground shaking commonly referred to as an earthquake. Earthquakes can also trigger other hazards, including surface rupture (cracks in the ground surface), liquefaction (causing loose soil to lose its strength), landslides, and subsidence (sinking of the ground surface). Earthquakes and other seismic hazards often damage or destroy property and public infrastructure, including utility lines, and falling objects or structures pose a risk of injury or death. Earthquakes While Cupertino is at risk from many natural and human-caused hazards, the event with the greatest potential for loss of life or property and economic damage is an earthquake. This risk is true for most of the San Francisco Bay Area region since damaging earthquakes affect widespread areas and trigger many secondary effects that can overwhelm the ability of local jurisdictions to respond. Earthquakes in the Bay Area result from strain energy constantly accumulating across the region because of the motion of the Pacific Plate, relative to the North American Plate. Earthquake risk is very high in Santa Clara County, including the City of Cupertino, due to the presence of three major active faults 2 in the region, the Hayward Fault, Calaveras Fault, and San Andreas Fault. Both the San Andreas and the Hayward Faults have the potential for experiencing major to great events. The San Andreas fault, one of the longest and most active faults in the world is located west of Cupertino. Two additional faults closely associated with the San Andreas Fault include the Sargent-Berrocal and Monta Vista-Shannon fault systems that intersect the western portion of the city. The following three major faults are considered active faults within the region:  Calaveras Fault: The Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault, to the east of the Hayward Fault. It extends 76 miles from the San Andreas Fault near Hollister to Danville at its northern end. The Calaveras Fault is one of the most geologically active and complex faults in the Bay Area.8 According to the 2023 Santa Clara County MJHMP, the probability of experiencing a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake along the Calaveras Fault in the next 30 years (beginning from 2023) is 7.4 percent.9 The Calaveras Fault is approximately 14 miles to the east of the city.  San Andreas Fault: The San Andreas Fault extends 810 miles from the East Pacific rise in the Gulf of California through the Mendocino fracture zone off the shore of northern California. The fault is estimated to be 28 million years old. The probability of experiencing a Magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake along the San Andreas Fault within the next 30 years (beginning from 2023) is 6.4 percent.9 The San Andreas Fault is approximately 5.5 miles to the west of the city.  Hayward Fault: The Hayward Fault runs parallel to and east of the San Andreas Fault. It extends from San José about 74 miles northward along the base of the East Bay Hills to San Pablo Bay. The 2 Active faults are defined by their current movement and deformation and their potential to cause earthquakes or other types of ground deformation in the future. 141 PC 03-09-2026 141 of 267 Hayward Fault is increasingly becoming a hazard priority throughout the Bay Area because of its increased chance for activity and its intersection with highly populated areas and critical infrastructure. According to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Volume 3, released in March 2015, the probability of experiencing a Magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake along the Hayward Fault in the next 30 years (starting from 2014) is 14.3 percent.10 An earthquake of this magnitude has regional implications for the entire Bay Area, as the Hayward Fault crosses transportation and resource infrastructure, including multiple highways, regional gas and water pipelines, electrical transmission lines, and the Hetch-Hetchy Aqueduct. Disruption of the Hetch- Hetchy system has the potential to severely impair water service to Santa Clara County. The Hayward Fault is approximately 10 miles to the east of the city. Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones are California Geological Survey-designated zones in California that are subject to special regulations for development and construction in the presence of certain active faults. These faults have surface traces, or a line on the earth’s surface, defining a fault. During an earthquake, the ground's surface can move along these traces, damaging buildings or other structures built on top of them. However, no Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones are in the city. The nearest Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone is along the San Andreas Fault, west of the city. Figure S-6 shows the location of regional faults and Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones. Other Seismic Hazards In addition to the direct physical damage that can result from the motion of an earthquake, damage can result from liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs primarily in saturated, loose, fine- to medium-grained soils in areas where the groundwater table is within approximately 50 feet of the surface. Shaking causes the soils to lose strength and behave as a liquid. Excess water pressure is vented upward through fissures and soil cracks and can result in a water-soil slurry flowing onto the ground surface. This subsurface process can lead to near-surface or surface ground failure that can result in property damage and structural failure. Groundwater that is less than 10 feet to the surface can cause the highest liquefaction susceptibility, with lower groundwater levels causing lower liquefaction risks. Soils susceptible to liquefaction are typically found in low-lying, current, or former floodplains. Portions of the city near the floodplains of Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek are likely to face liquefaction during an earthquake. Figure S-7 shows the areas facing an elevated liquefaction risk in Cupertino. Site-specific geotechnical studies are the only practical and reliable way of determining the specific liquefaction potential of a site. However, a determination of general risk potential can be provided based on soil type and depth of groundwater. In most cases, proper design and construction of subgrade soils and building foundations provides a mechanism to mitigate the risk of seismic hazards to an acceptable level in conformance with the California Code of Regulations and the City’s Municipal Code. Identifying areas having a liquefaction potential is only intended as notification to seek further site-specific information and analysis of this potential hazard as part of future site development. It should not be solely relied on, without site-specific information and analysis, for design or decision-making purposes. Earthquake-induced landslides pose a significant risk due to the presence of landslide-prone areas in western Cupertino and proximity of earthquake faults. Ground shaking from seismic activity can cause rocks, debris, and hillside soils to loosen and fall downslope, harming facilities and infrastructure in its path. Sinkholes, which are depressions or holes in the ground that form when the surface collapses into an underground space, are also a hazard in Cupertino. They can be formed by natural processes, such as earthquakes or subsidence, which is when the ground surface sinks as a result of underlying soil or rock 142 PC 03-09-2026 142 of 267 being compressed, compacted, or eroded. Sinkholes can occur suddenly and can be very dangerous if they form underneath buildings, roads, or other structures. 143 PC 03-09-2026 143 of 267 Figure S-6 Regional Fault Lines 144 PC 03-09-2026 144 of 267 2.3.2 Geologic Hazards Geologic hazards, such as landslides and erosion, depend on the geologic composition of the area. Landslides and rock falls may occur in sloped areas, especially areas with steep slopes, and usually in loose and fragmented soil areas. Slope stability depends on many factors and interrelationships, including rock type, pore water pressure, slope steepness, and natural or human-made undercutting. Landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. Landslides are often triggered by other natural hazards, such as heavy rain, floods, or wildfires, so landslide frequency is often related to the frequency of these other hazards. In Santa Clara County, landslides typically occur during and after severe heavy rainfall, so the risk of landslides often rises during and after sequential severe storms that saturate steep, loose soils. Landslides and mudslides are a common occurrence and have caused damage to homes, public facilities, roads, parks, and sewer lines. Due to the hilly terrain, the western portion of the city is within a very high landslide susceptibility class. Landslides present the greatest geologic hazards in the city and generally occur in winter during high precipitation years. Landslides range from small, shallow deposits of soil and weak bedrock materials to large, deep landslides involving a large amount of bedrock. Landslides are also likely along the steep embankments that bound the Stevens Creek floodplain. Figure S-8 illustrates areas in Cupertino that are most susceptible to landslides. Cupertino is also susceptible to hazards related to erosion, or the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces, such as water or wind, causing the soil to deteriorate. Eroded topsoil can be transported into streams and other waterways. Highly erosive soils can damage roads, bridges, buildings, and other structures. Sinkholes can also be formed by the erosion of soil or sediment by water flowing through the ground. This hazard can happen in areas with sandy or porous soils or in areas with a high-water table. Sinkholes can pose a hazard to infrastructure and human safety. They can cause damage to buildings, roads, and other structures and pose a risk to people and animals if they are not properly identified and managed. 2.3.3 Past Occurrences Cupertino is in a region of high seismicity with numerous local faults nearby. While major earthquakes are rare in Cupertino, minor earthquakes occur more often. The San Andreas Fault, the fastest-slipping fault along the Pacific and North American Plate boundary, has caused earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 and 7.9 in the past, including the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. In 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake, which also originated along the San Andreas Fault, produced a magnitude 6.9 earthquake.11 The earthquake caused extensive damage and created a seven-county major disaster area, including Santa Clara County. Landslides have occurred on hillsides throughout the city and generally occur in winter during high rainfall years. 145 PC 03-09-2026 145 of 267 Figure S-7 Liquefaction Areas 146 PC 03-09-2026 146 of 267 Figure S-8 Landslide Susceptibility Areas 147 PC 03-09-2026 147 of 267 2.3.4 Potential Changes to Geologic and Seismic Risk in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Seismic Risk Earthquakes are likely to continue to occur on an occasional basis. Most are expected to cause no substantive damage and may not even be felt by most people. Major earthquakes are rare but a possibility in the region. A major earthquake along any of the nearby faults could result in substantial casualties and damage, although the greatest risk in Cupertino is from the San Andreas Fault due to its proximity and high potential to cause a severe earthquake. A major earthquake on the Hayward Fault could damage or destroy transportation infrastructure, such as I-280, SR-85, or bridges, limiting access in and out of the community. Based on historical data and the location of Cupertino relative to active and potentially active faults, the city will likely experience a significantly damaging earthquake. If serious shaking occurs, newer construction is generally more earthquake-resistant than older construction because of improved building codes. Geologic Risk Geologic risks, such as landslides, are common occurrences in Cupertino. With significant rainfall, additional failures are likely in the community’s landslide hazard areas, and minor to moderate landslides will likely continue to impact the area when heavy precipitation occurs, as they have in the past. Climate Change and Geologic and Seismic Hazards While climate change is unlikely to increase earthquake frequency or strength, the threats from seismic and geologic hazards are expected to continue. Climate change may result in precipitation extremes (i.e., wetter rainfall periods and drier dry periods). While total average annual rainfall may not change significantly, rainfall may be concentrated in more intense precipitation events. Heavy rainfall could cause an increase in the number of landslides or make landslides larger than normal. Increased wildfire frequency can destabilize hillsides due to loss of vegetation and change soil composition, contributing to greater runoff and erosion. The combination of a generally drier climate in the future, which will increase the chance of drought, wildfires, and the occasional extreme downpour, is likely to cause more mudslides and landslides. Impacts from these conditions would compound landslide potential for the most susceptible locations. 2.4 FIRE HAZARDS Fire hazards include both wildfires and urban fires. The combination of complex terrain, climate, vegetation and development patterns contribute to an elevated risk of wildfire. The Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2023 (CWPP) describes how each of these variables contributes to fire risk, and describes how fire risk varies throughout the city. Historically, the fire season extended from early summer through late fall of each year during the hotter, dryer months, although it is increasingly a hazard that can occur year-round. Fire conditions arise from a combination of high temperatures, low moisture content in the air and plant matter, an accumulation of vegetation, and high winds. Three types of fires are of concern to Cupertino: (1) wildfires, (2) wildland-urban interface fires, and (3) structural fires. 148 PC 03-09-2026 148 of 267 2.4.1 Wildfires Wildfires occur on mountains, hillsides, and grasslands. Fuel, weather, and topography are primary factors that affect how wildland fires spread. In and around Cupertino, grassland and woodland habitat provide highly flammable fuel that is conducive to wildfires. These plant species are capable of regeneration after a fire, making periodic wildfires a natural part of the ecology of these areas. The climate of Cupertino and the surrounding area keeps the grass dry and more readily combustible during fire season. Wildfire potential for Santa Clara County is typically greatest in the months of August, September, and October, when dry vegetation coexists with hot, dry winds.. During these times, controlling a fire becomes far more difficult. Areas adjacent to the city that are susceptible to wildfires are also of concern as these conditions could exacerbate vulnerabilities within the city. Grassland fires are easily ignited, particularly in dry seasons. These fires are relatively easily controlled if they can be reached by fire equipment, although after a fire, the burned slopes are highly subject to erosion and gullying. While brushlands are naturally adapted to frequent light fires, fire suppression in recent decades has resulted in heavy fuel accumulation on the ground. Wildland fires, particularly near the end of the dry season, tend to burn fast and very hot, threatening homes and leading to serious destruction of vegetative cover. In woodland and forested areas, a wildland fire can generate a destructive crown fire, which is a fire that burns materials at the top of trees, spreading from treetop to treetop. They can be very intense and difficult to contain. Because areas of the city with natural vegetation are extremely flammable during late summer and fall, wildfire is a serious hazard in undeveloped hillside areas in the western portion of the city, as well as open space areas adjacent to the city. These areas include State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands west of the city, such as the Rancho San Antonio Open Space, Picchette Ranch Open Space, Stevens Creek County Park, Saratoga Creek County Park, Sanborn County Park, Fremont Older Open Space, as well as Local Responsibility Area (LRA) lands in the hillsides of Saratoga. 2.4.2 Fire Hazard Severity Zone The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) establishes Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs), designating each as moderate, high, or very high severity. Incorporated areas such as Cupertino are considered local responsibility areas (LRAs), within which CAL FIRE only designates Very High FHSZs. In 2009, CAL FIRE designated approximately three acres of the city as in the Very High FHSZ. Figure S-9 shows the FHSZs in and around Cupertino. Areas adjacent to the city that are susceptible to wildfires are also of concern, as these conditions could exacerbate vulnerabilities within the city. A combination of factors, including weather, topography, and vegetation, creates a higher risk of wildfire hazards, particularly in the Very High FHSZ. CAL FIRE periodically reviews and revises the FHSZ boundaries based on updated modeling and scientific information. Individuals should consult the most recent mapping available from CAL FIRE’s Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) at https://frap.fire.ca.gov/. Future updates to the Health and Safety Element will incorporate new mapping data as it becomes available. 2.4.3 Structural Fires Cupertino is also at risk from structural fires. These fires occur in built-up environments, destroying buildings and other human-made structures. Structural fires are often due to faulty wiring, mechanical equipment, or combustible construction materials. The absence of fire alarms and fire sprinkler systems often exacerbates the damage associated with a structural fire. Structural fires are largely caused by human accidents, although deliberate fires (arson) may cause some events. Older buildings lacking modern fire safety features may face greater risk of fire damage. To minimize fire damage and loss, the 149 PC 03-09-2026 149 of 267 City’s Fire Code, based on California Code of Regulation Title 24, sets standards for building and construction. It requires adequate water supply for firefighting, fire-retardant construction, and minimum street widths, among other things. 150 PC 03-09-2026 150 of 267 Figure S-9 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 151 PC 03-09-2026 151 of 267 2.4.4 Fire Protection As described in Section 1.2.3, the Santa Clara County Fire Department provides fire protection in Cupertino. The Santa Clara County Fire Department operates three fire stations in Cupertino:  Cupertino Fire Station at 20215 Stevens Creek Boulevard  Monta Vista Fire Station at 22620 Stevens Creek Boulevard  Seven Springs Fire Station at 21000 Seven Springs Parkway The Santa Clara County Fire Department operates an additional twelve fire stations that are slated to provide service throughout the District during a significant event. As development continues in Cupertino, the City and Santa Clara County Fire Department will continue to monitor the changing fire protection needs in the community. Santa Clara County Fire Department The Fire Prevention Division provides a comprehensive fire/life safety plan review for land development, new building construction, interior remodel projects, fire suppression, and fire alarm systems. In addition, periodic construction inspections are performed to ensure that completed projects conform to State and local fire safety regulations. For existing commercial buildings, the Fire Prevention Division provides an annual inspection program that is delivered through both the Prevention Division and fire station personnel. Annual inspections are conducted to ensure reasonable compliance with the general and specific fire safety regulations for each occupancy type as specified in the adopted Fire and Building Codes. The Santa Clara County Fire Department manages and implements a hazardous brush abatement program for hillside areas within its jurisdictional boundaries. In January of each year, homeowners are reminded that they must remove native brush and vegetation from around their homes to create defensible space. The brush abatement program entails inspections of hillside properties by fire crews beginning in early April each year. The costs associated with the abatement work are then placed on the property tax bill for that parcel. Santa Clara County lists the Montebello Road/Stevens Canyon area as the fourth-highest risk in the county. This area is adjacent to the city limits, near the southwestern border of Cupertino. Stevens Creek Quarry Road connecting to the southern point of Stevens Canyon has been improved to acceptable standards for a fire access road. A fire trail extends from Skyline Boulevard on Charcoal Road to Stevens Canyon. The City requires that all emergency roads be constructed with an all-weather surface. It also requires a private emergency access connection between public streets within Lindy Canyon and Regnart Canyon areas. Presently, no water systems are serving the Montebello Road and upper Stevens Canyon area, except for Stevens Creek itself. Because there is no water service to these areas, the County requires homes to provide individual water tanks and fire sprinkler systems. Santa Clara Valley Water District Santa Clara Valley Wate District’s (SCVWD) Project F4: Vegetation Management for Access and Fire Safety supports SCVWD’s ongoing vegetation management activities that reduce fire risk by maintaining creekside lands. These activities also ensure access to maintenance and emergency personnel and equipment. The project includes vegetation management activities, such as weed abatement, goat grazing, herbicide application, and pruning to provide access and reduce fire risk. Before conducting 152 PC 03-09-2026 152 of 267 maintenance, SCVWD’s personnel perform biological preconstruction surveys to minimize environmental impacts. Santa Clara County Firesafe Council The Santa Clara County Firesafe Council (SCCFSC) is a nonprofit, grassroots organization providing education and project assistance for homeowners and landowners in communities vulnerable to wildfire. In addition to partnering directly with CAL FIRE, Santa Clara County Fire, and regional fire districts, SCCFSC works with public agencies, other nonprofits, businesses, and private landowners to design and implement protective measures, such as developing shaded fuel breaks, to increase wildfire survivability. Pacific Gas and Electric Company PG&E’s 2023–2025 Wildfire Mitigation Plan outlines its program to reduce wildfires. Key strategies in this plan include:  Undergrounding utility lines: PG&E has a program to underground 10,000 circuit miles of distribution lines in areas of high fire threats, eliminating the ignition risk for these power lines.  Increased safety settings: Configuring electrical equipment on power lines to automatically shut off power if an object comes into contact with a distribution line.  Vegetation management: Continuing vegetation management activities.  Enhanced inspections: Providing more frequent and detailed inspections of power lines. PG&E is undergrounding power lines in areas with the greatest impact on reducing wildfire risk and outages for their customers. 2.4.5 Past Occurrences There is limited information on historic fires in the Cupertino area. However, there is no recorded history of wildfires within the city.12 The closest known wildfire was the Stevens Fire which occurred on August 30, 2007. This wildfire burned 151 acres in the dry brush-covered hills near Stevens Creek Canyon southwest of Cupertino. The fire burned for three days and was contained on September 2, 2007. This fire was the result of a downed power line, and no injuries or deaths were reported. The 2020 fire season was the largest wildfire season recorded in California’s modern history. It was also the most devastating in recent Santa Clara County history. In eastern Santa Clara County, the SCU Lighting Complex fires burned 396,624 acres spanning from Calaveras Reservoir to the north, to nearly San Luis Reservoir to the south. The SCU Lighting Complex destroyed 222 structures and cause widespread smoke impacts across the region. Near the western border of Santa Clara County and closer to Cupertino, the CZU Lightning Complex fire, started as a series of lightning fires on August 16, 2020, burned across western Santa Cruz and San Mateo counties until September 22, 2020. These fires resulted in a total 86,509 acres burned, with 1,450 structures lost, and one fatality. While this fire was outside of Santa Clara County, it caused severe smoke impacts for Cupertino and surrounding communities. 153 PC 03-09-2026 153 of 267 2.4.6 Potential Changes to Fire Risk in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence As noted previously, the risk of wildfires in Santa Clara County is highest in late summer and fall. Extreme weather conditions during periods of low humidity, low fuel moisture, and high winds contribute to the severity of any potential wildfires. Fires occurring during these times typically burn hot and fast and are difficult to control unless initial suppression occurs immediately. Wildfire for Cupertino is a concern given its Very High FHSZ designations, and proximity to surrounding LRA and SRA lands with wildfire risk. Moreover, the community consists of, and is surrounded by, undeveloped hillsides to the west, which makes these areas a high risk for wildfire. Wildfires will continue to be a high-risk hazard for personal safety and property damage in Cupertino, and smoke impacts from local and regional wildfires will likely continue to be problematic. The likelihood of structural fires occurring in the city is low since these fires are usually the result of human accidents or mechanical issues in buildings. New developments are required to incorporate fire protection measures under the Fire Code, including enhanced requirements for structures in the Very High FHSZ. Climate Change and Wildfire Changing climate conditions are expected to increase the fire risk in and around Cupertino. Warmer temperatures brought on by climate change can exacerbate drought conditions. Droughts can kill or dry out plants, creating more fuel for wildfires. Warmer temperatures are also expected to increase the number of pest outbreaks, such as the bark beetle, creating more dead trees and increasing the fuel load. Hot, dry spells may also increase disease and insect infestations, resulting in higher fuel loads. Increased winds will result in more erratic fire behavior, making fires harder to contain. Warmer temperatures are also expected to occur later in the year, extending the wildfire season, which is likely to begin earlier in the year and extend later than it has historically. 2.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND MATERIALS Hazardous materials are materials that pose a significant risk to public safety, or human and environmental health. These include toxic chemicals, flammable or corrosive materials, petroleum products, and unstable or dangerously reactive materials. They can be released through human error, malfunctioning or broken equipment, or as an indirect consequence of other emergencies (e.g., if a flood damages a hazardous material storage tank). Hazardous materials can also be released accidentally during transportation because of vehicle accidents. The release or spill of bulk hazardous materials could result in fire, explosion, toxic cloud, or direct contamination of water, people, and property. The effects may involve a local site or many square miles. Health problems may be immediate, such as corrosive effects on the skin and lungs, or gradual, such as the development of cancer from a carcinogen. Property damage could range from immediate destruction by explosion to permanent contamination by a persistent hazardous material. Most hazardous materials in the region are transported on truck routes along major roadways, such as I-280 and SR-85 that pass through Cupertino. The most vulnerable areas along this route are considered the on-/off-ramps and interchanges. Since 1970, one reported roadway hazardous materials incident occurred in Cupertino.13 The City adopted a Hazardous Materials Storage Ordinance that regulates the storage of hazardous materials in solid and liquid form. Since 1990, State law has required that hazardous waste be properly disposed of in approved hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities. To accomplish this, new treatment methods and facilities have been developed and approved to pre-treat hazardous waste before its final disposal. Under the 1986 Tanner Bill (AB 2948) authority, Cupertino, along with 13 other cities, 154 PC 03-09-2026 154 of 267 joined the County to develop a comprehensive and coordinated planning approach to hazardous waste disposal. In 1990, a countywide Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Program was created. To supplement the County’s HHW Program and make the collection of HHW more convenient for residents, the City currently provides a door-to-door hazardous waste retrieval service through its solid waste franchise agreement. Hazardous materials and waste within Cupertino are managed by the Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA), a local administrative agency within the County of Santa Clara Hazardous Materials Compliance Division. The CUPA consolidates, coordinates, and makes consistent the regulatory activities of several hazardous materials and hazardous waste programs, including Hazardous Materials Management, California Accidental Release Prevention, Hazardous Waste Management, Underground Storage Tanks, Aboveground Storage Tanks, and Emergency Response. The Santa Clara County Fire Department Fire Prevention Division provides hazardous materials inspection, services for building construction, annual building inspection, and hazardous materials regulation. Several State agencies monitor hazardous materials/waste facilities. Potential and known contamination sites are monitored and documented by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). A review of the leaking underground storage tank (LUST) list 3 produced by the RWQCB and the DTSC EnviroStor database 14 indicates two active voluntary cleanup sites, one closed voluntary cleanup site, one certified school cleanup site, and three closed non-operating sites. The two active cleanup sites include the following:  Cupertino Village Cleaners at 10989 North Wolfe Road  Delia's Cleaners at 7335 Bollinger Road If a hazardous material spill poses an imminent public health threat, the City will support local regulating agencies in notifying the public. The transport of hazardous materials/wastes and explosives through the city is regulated by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). I-280 and SR-85 are open to vehicles carrying hazardous materials/wastes. Transporters of hazardous wastes are required to be certified by the United States Department of Transportation, and manifests are required to track the hazardous waste during transport. The danger of hazardous materials/waste spills during transport does exist and will potentially increase as transportation of these materials increases on I-280 and SR-85. Santa Clara County Fire Department, County of Santa Clara Office of Emergency Management, and County of Santa Clara Hazardous Materials Compliance Division are responsible for hazardous materials accidents at all locations within the city. 3 A review of LUST sites occurred on December 6, 2023. 155 PC 03-09-2026 155 of 267 2.5.1 Potential Changes to Hazardous Materials in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Given that there has been one hazardous materials incident in transport through the city in the past 53 years and land use activities that would require hazardous materials are not likely to increase in the future, it is unlikely that a hazardous materials incident will occur in Cupertino on a frequent basis. Moreover, according to Caltrans, most incidents are related to releases of fluids from the transporting vehicles themselves and not the cargo, thus the likelihood of a significant hazardous materials release within the city is more limited and difficult to predict. Climate Change and Hazardous Materials Climate change is unlikely to substantially affect hazardous materials transportation incidents. However, increases in the frequency and intensity of climate hazards, such as floods, landslides, and severe storms, may create a greater risk of hazardous materials releases during these events. The two active cleanup sites mentioned are both within the 500-year floodplain and are at risk of hazardous materials releases. 2.6 CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE 2.6.1 A ir Quality Air quality is determined by the composition of gases and particles in the atmosphere, and it is a critical aspect of environmental health. Air pollution comes from both mobile sources (e.g., cars, trucks, airplanes) and stationary sources (e.g., agricultural and industrial uses). The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has the responsibility to create strategies and monitor the targets set by State and federal standards for the Bay Area. Due to air quality planning efforts, regional air quality has improved significantly over the past several decades, even though the population, traffic, and industrialization have increased. Cupertino is highly susceptible to poor air quality due to major highways and quarry activity adjacent to the city. Wind patterns and geographical features move air pollution from other areas, such as the San Joaquin Valley, and trap pollution in the Santa Clara Valley. From 2015 to 2019, Cupertino experienced 31 days where ozone or fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels exceeded State standards.15 Poor air quality poses significant health risks and can contribute to respiratory conditions such as asthma, increase the risks of heart attacks and stroke, and has been linked to various cancers. Children and youth, seniors, those with pre-existing conditions, pregnant women, and outdoor workers are especially vulnerable to health impacts from poor air quality and makeup over 41 percent of Cupertino’s population. Poor air quality can also limit outdoor recreational opportunities. Poor air quality costs the Bay Area about $32 billion annually in premature deaths, medical events, decreased activity, and cancer.16 As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, outdoor recreation and key community services, such as public transit access, are highly vulnerable. Outdoor recreation can be curtailed due to poor air quality conditions from lower-level ozone, particulate matter, or wildfire smoke. Residents and visitors may not travel to parks or surrounding recreational areas if poor air quality creates negative health outcomes. Transit riders may be deterred from using public transit during days with poor air quality or high smoke days during wildfires, which could reduce the fares collected from transit riders. 156 PC 03-09-2026 156 of 267 Wildfire Smoke Increasing statewide fire frequency can create recurring air quality degradation events, leading to respiratory health effects. Wildfire smoke consists of a mix of gases and fine particulate matter from burning vegetation and materials. The pollutant of most concern from wildfire smoke is PM2.5, which is damaging to human health due to its ability to deeply penetrate lung tissue and affect the heart and circulatory system. Although wildfire smoke presents a health risk to everyone, sensitive groups may experience more severe acute and chronic symptoms from exposure to wildfire smoke, such as children (particularly younger children), older adults, people with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease, and low-resourced persons. Potential Changes to Air Quality in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Poor air quality tends to occur annually and is likely to continue. Due to Cupertino’s proximity to major highways, quarry activity, and Santa Clara Valley’s geographical features, air quality will continue to be a concern. Climate Change and Air Quality Climate change will worsen air pollution.17 Ozone and PM2.5 form when other pollutants react in the atmosphere, and warmer temperatures speed up these reactions. Warmer temperatures also lengthen the growing seasons of plants and trees, increasing allergen production. In many regions of the United States, climate-driven changes in weather conditions, including temperature and precipitation, are expected to increase ground-level ozone and particulate matter (such as windblown dust from droughts or smoke from wildfires). These changes worsen existing air pollution. More wildfires will release particulate matter and other pollutants into the air. Drier conditions increase dust. Possible changes in wind patterns may also trap air pollutants in the Santa Clara Valley, increasing exposure. 2.6.2 Drought A drought is an extended period when precipitation levels are well below normal. Drought may affect domestic water supply, energy production, public health, and wildlife; or contribute to wildfire. Like most of California and the western United States, Cupertino chronically experiences drought cycles. Drought impacts the city’s water supply, which may in severe instances make less water available for people, businesses, and natural systems. Local ecosystems that are not well adapted to drought conditions can be more easily harmed by it. During drought events, the flow of water in creeks and streams is reduced, creating more slow-moving or standing water. This can concentrate sediment and toxins in the low water levels, causing harm to plants and animals. As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, riparian habitat is highly vulnerable to the impacts of drought. Drought conditions can cause smaller streams to run dry, subsequently harming the plants and animal habitat within the ecosystem. Trees may not have adequate water during drought periods, which can lead to pests and diseases destroying important habitat. Droughts can also indirectly lead to more wildfires, stressing plants and making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. The U.S. Drought Monitor recognizes a five-point scale for drought events: D0 (abnormally dry), D1 (moderate drought), D2 (severe drought), D3 (extreme drought), and D4 (exceptional drought). According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the most intensive drought in recent years occurred during most of 2014, when all of Santa Clara County was classified as “extreme” drought. More recently, in 2022, from January 157 PC 03-09-2026 157 of 267 through the end of the year, the county was also classified as being in “severe” drought. As of November 2023, Santa Clara County, including Cupertino, was not classified as drought. During severe drought conditions, water shortages are common, and water restrictions may be imposed to meet essential community needs. SCVWD’s 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan contains actions to implement and enforce regulations and restrictions for managing a water shortage when it declares a water shortage emergency under the authority of the California Water Code. Cupertino’s water supply comes from local and imported water. Local rainfall and runoff flow into reservoirs for storage and blend with imported water. The water is released into creeks and ponds to augment natural percolation and maintain groundwater levels. Some local surface water is processed at the Rinconada Water Treatment Plant. The treated water is sold to Cupertino’s two local water suppliers: the California Water Company and the San Jose Water Company. Both local retailers purchase their water supply from SCVWD, which receives water from the Rinconada Water Treatment Plant and wells fed by groundwater. SCVWD, the groundwater management agency in Santa Clara County, manages groundwater recharge through percolation ponds and in-stream recharge of creeks. The McClellan Pond recharge facility in Cupertino and the Stevens Creek Reservoir, outside the city on its southwest boundary, also contribute to Cupertino’s water supply. Private well owners, farmers, and water retailers use water pumped from the groundwater aquifer through wells. The Rinconada Water Treatment Plant is the second largest of SCVWD's water treatment plants. The Rinconada Water Treatment Plant draws water from the South Bay Aqueduct and the San Luis Reservoir. The San Luis Reservoir is a key component of the federal Central Valley Project, while the South Bay Aqueduct is a key component of the State Water Project system. The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta pumps into the Delta-Mendota Canal and then into the San Luis Reservoir. SCVWD is one of many users that draw water from this reservoir. Approximately 50 percent of Santa Clara County’s water supply comes from hundreds of miles away – first as snow or rain in the Sierra Nevada range of northern and eastern California, then as water in rivers that flow into the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta or directly to water conveyance systems. Imported water is brought into the county through the complex infrastructure of the State Water Project, the federal Central Valley Project, and San Francisco’s Hetch-Hetchy system. As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, water and wastewater services are highly vulnerable to the impacts of drought. Drought conditions may cause stress on Cupertino’s water suppliers and reduce the overall water supply available. In some cases, water storage infrastructure, such as the San Luis Reservoir, may not provide adequate storage to provide water during drought periods. Potential Changes to Drought in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Drought differs from many other natural hazards in that it is not a distinct event and usually has a slow onset. Drought can severely impact a region physically and economically, affecting different sectors in different ways and with varying intensities. Adequate water is the most critical issue for commercial and domestic use. As the population in the city continues to grow, so will the water demand. However, the water supply is currently considered adequate to meet projected water needs through the year 2045. As demonstrated in the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, SCVWD shows sufficient capacity to 158 PC 03-09-2026 158 of 267 accommodate the demand through 2045 through a diversified and resilient portfolio that includes recycled water and conservation programs. Based on historical information, drought in California, including Santa Clara County, is cyclical, driven by weather patterns. Drought has occurred in the past and will occur in the future. Periods of actual drought with adverse impacts can vary in duration, and the period between droughts is often extended. Although an area may be under an extended dry period, determining when it becomes a drought is based on comparing observed precipitation with what is normal (climatologic), comparing soil moisture and crop conditions with what is normal (agricultural), or by looking at how much water is contained in snow, the level or flow rate of moving water, water in reservoirs, or groundwater levels (hydrologic). However, how individuals recognize drought depends on how it affects them. Climate Change and Drought Although droughts are a regular feature of California’s climate, scientists expect climate change will lead to more frequent and intense droughts statewide. Overall, precipitation levels are expected to stay similar to historic levels in Cupertino, potentially increasing by the end of the century. However, there are likely to be more years with extreme levels of rainfall, both high and low, because of climate change. This is expected to cause more frequent and intense droughts, compared to historical norms, which cause soil to dry out and become hard. When precipitation does return, more water runs off the surface than is absorbed into the ground, which can lead to flooding downstream. Higher air temperatures are expected to increase evaporation, causing more water loss from lakes and reservoirs, exacerbating drought conditions. Reduced winter precipitation levels and warmer temperatures have greatly decreased the size of the Sierra Nevada snowpack (the volume of accumulated snow), making less fresh water available for communities throughout California, including the imported water supply for Cupertino. A continued decline in the Sierra Nevada snowpack volume is expected, which may lead to lower volumes of available imported water. Depending on the location and emissions levels, the state Cal-Adapt database indicates the snowpack (i.e., snow water equivalent) for the Tahoe-Sierra Integrated Regional Water Management Region in the spring is expected to decline from a historical average of 16.1 inches to an average of 7.8 inches (a 52 percent decrease) by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of 2.9 inches (an 82 percent decrease) by the end of the century (2070 to 2099).18 If heat-trapping emissions continue unabated, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow, and the snow that does fall will melt earlier in the year, reducing the Sierra Nevada spring snowpack by as much as 70 to 90 percent.18 The loss of snowpack would pose challenges to water managers and hamper hydropower generation. 2.6.3 Extreme Heat While there is no universal definition of extreme heat, California guidance documents define extreme heat as temperatures hotter than 98 percent of the historical high temperatures for the area, as measured between April and October of 1961 to 1990. Days that reach this level are called extreme heat days. In Cupertino, the extreme heat threshold is 93.2°F. A heat wave is an event with five extreme heat days in a row. Health impacts are the primary concern with these hazards, though economic and service impacts are also an issue. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes extreme heat as a substantial public health concern. Historically, NOAA data indicates that about 175 Americans succumb 159 PC 03-09-2026 159 of 267 to the hazards of summer heat, although this number has increased in recent years.19 From 2004 to 2018, studies by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services indicate that there is an average of 702 deaths annually that are directly or indirectly linked to extreme heat.20 In 2019, Santa Clara County reported an extreme heat event from June 9th to the 11th. The combination of high pressure and offshore solid flow resulted in an early season heat wave across the Bay Area. Multiple daily records were broken across the region due to the heat. Three fatalities were reported during the heat event; one person died as a direct result of heat-related illness, while two others drowned while attempting to cool down during the heat wave. In 2021, Santa Clara County reported an extreme heat event from July 9th to the 11th. Daytime highs rose above 100°F. Overnight lows remained warm, particularly across higher elevations with temperatures between 70°F and 80°F in the early mornings. There were no reported fatalities as a result of this heat event. Extreme heat events are dangerous because people exposed to extreme heat can suffer several heat- related illnesses, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and (most severely) heat stroke. As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, seniors, persons with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities, persons experiencing homelessness, outdoor workers, low-resourced people of color, immigrant/linguistically isolated communities, and households in poverty are the most vulnerable to extreme heat. Nursing homes and adult care facilities are especially vulnerable to extreme temperatures if power outages occur, and air conditioning or heating is not available. In addition, households in poverty may be at increased risk of extreme heat if the installation or use of air conditioning and heating is not affordable. Outdoor workers in construction or landscaping are also much more exposed to the elements than most people, so they are more susceptible to extreme heat conditions and the potential illnesses associated with very high temperatures. Moreover, extreme heat may be highly damaging to outdoor recreational activities, such as running, bicycling, and hiking. Intense physical exertion is more dangerous during very high temperatures, as people must regularly stay hydrated and not overexert themselves to avoid heat-related illnesses. Most homes in Cupertino are older and were constructed over 40 years ago. Given that approximately 66 percent of all housing in the city was built prior to 1980,21 some of these homes are unlikely to have air conditioning and may lack effective insulation to regulate indoor temperatures. During extreme heat days, temperatures in poorly insulated homes may reach unhealthy temperatures. Therefore, people living in these homes, especially vulnerable populations, are at higher risk for heat-related illnesses from extreme heat events. Streets and sidewalks are also well-shaded throughout many parts of the city. Trees and vegetation in urban forests are most useful as an extreme heat reduction strategy when planted in strategic locations around buildings or to shade pavement in parking lots and streets. Trees and vegetation help to lower surface and air temperatures by providing shade and evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration, alone or in combination with shading, can help reduce peak summer temperatures by 2°F to 9°F. 22, 23 Very high temperatures can harm plants and animals that are not well adapted to these events, including natural ecosystems. Extreme heat can increase water temperature in lakes, streams, creeks, and other water bodies, especially during drought conditions when water levels are lower. In some cases, water temperatures may exceed comfortable levels for several plants and animals, causing ecological harm. 160 PC 03-09-2026 160 of 267 As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, energy delivery and communication services are highly vulnerable to extreme heat. Extreme heat can regularly cause power outages due to a combination of mechanical failure of electrical grid equipment, heat damage to the wires themselves, and high demand for electricity as a result of cooling equipment, all of which causes stress on the grid. Indirectly, extreme heat stresses power lines, causing them to run less efficiently. The heat also causes more demand for electricity (usually to run air conditioning units), and in combination with the stress on the power lines, may lead to brownouts and blackouts. Potential Changes to Extreme Heat in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Extreme heat tends to occur on an annual basis and is likely to continue occurring. Due to Cupertino’s inland location south of San Francisco Bay and relatively low elevation, high temperatures will continue to be a more common than cold temperatures. Climate Change and Extreme Heat The warmer temperatures brought on by climate change are likely to cause an increase in extreme heat events locally. Depending on the location and emissions levels, the state Cal-Adapt database indicates the number of extreme heat days is expected to rise from a historical annual average of 5 to 14 days by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of 24 days by the end of the century (2070 to 2099).24 Overall, Cupertino is expected to see an increase in the average daily high temperatures. Depending on the future severity of climate change, the state Cal-Adapt database indicates the annual average maximum temperature is expected to increase from a historical annual average of 69.4°F to an average of up to 73.5°F by the middle of the century (2035 to 2064), and an average of up to 76.5°F by the end of the century (2070 to 2099).2 Although the temperature increases may appear modest, the projected high temperatures are substantially greater than historical norms. These increases make it more likely that an above-average high temperature will cross the extreme heat threshold. As temperatures increase, Cupertino residents, employees, and visitors will face increased risk of dehydration, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heart attack, stroke, and respiratory distress caused by extreme heat. 2.6.4 Severe Weather Severe weather is generally any destructive weather event, but usually occurs in Cupertino as localized storms that bring heavy rain, hail, thunderstorms, and strong winds. Severe weather is usually caused by intense storm systems, although types of strong winds can occur without a storm. The types of dangers posed by severe weather vary widely and may include injuries or deaths, damage to buildings and structures, fallen trees, roads and railways blocked by debris, and fires sparked by lightning. Severe weather often produces high winds and lightning that can damage structures and cause power outages. Lightning from these storms can ignite wildfires and structure fires that can cause damage to buildings and endanger people. Objects such as vehicles, unprotected structures (e.g., bus stops, carports), fences, telephone poles, or trees can also be struck directly by lightning, which may result in an explosion or fire. A relatively common weather pattern that brings southwest winds and heavy rain to California is often referred to as an atmospheric river. Atmospheric rivers can be associated with severe weather in the following ways: 161 PC 03-09-2026 161 of 267  Heavy precipitation: Atmospheric rivers can bring large amounts of moisture to a region, which can lead to heavy precipitation and flooding. This level of precipitation can be especially problematic in areas with steep terrain or poor drainage, where the water can accumulate quickly and cause damage.  Landslides: Heavy precipitation associated with atmospheric rivers can also increase the risk of landslides and debris flows in areas with steep terrain. This risk is because the excess water can saturate the soil and destabilize slopes, leading to landslides or rockfalls.  High winds: In addition to heavy precipitation, atmospheric rivers can also be associated with strong winds. This risk increase because the strong temperature contrast between the warm, moist air in the atmospheric river and the cold air surrounding it can lead to the formation of strong low-pressure systems and high winds. A thunderstorm is a rain event that includes thunder and lightning. According to NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory, a thunderstorm is classified as “severe” when it contains one or more of the following: hail with a diameter of one inch or greater, wind gusts exceeding 57.5 miles per hour (mph), or tornado. However, tornadoes are uncommon in Santa Clara County; only six have been recorded in the county since 1950. High winds, often accompanying severe storms, can cause significant property damage, threaten public safety, and have adverse economic impacts from business closures and power loss. High winds, as defined by the National Weather Service, are sustained wind speeds of 40 mph or greater lasting one hour or longer or wind gusts of 58 mph or greater for any duration. These winds may occur as part of a seasonal climate pattern or in relation to other severe weather events, such as thunderstorms. All wind events pose several different types of threats. By themselves, the winds threaten the health of people and structures in Cupertino. Dust and plant pollen blown by the wind can create breathing problems. The winds can blow roofs off buildings and cause tree limbs to fall on structures. High winds also increase the threat of wildfires. Winds may dry out brush and forest areas, increasing the fuel load in fire-prone areas. Winds may spark wildfires by knocking down power lines or causing them to arc, creating sparks. If wildfires do start, high winds can push flames quickly into new areas, contributing to the rapid spread of wildfires and making them harder to control. As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, energy communication infrastructure, energy delivery and communication services, homes and residential structures, and public transit access are highly vulnerable to severe weather. Electricity transmission and distribution lines can be damaged or destroyed by high- velocity winds. This can cause secondary impacts, such as power outages, which would impact Cupertino residents and businesses. Homes, particularly older ones, may be constructed to less rigorous standards and/or may not be well maintained. This can increase their risk of damage during severe weather events, particularly high winds, and hail. High winds could disrupt energy delivery, causing the electrical grid to not function properly. If multiple sections or elements of the system fail (substations, power plants, electricity lines), City residents and businesses could be without power for hours, days, or weeks if severe. Communication services may be knocked out by severe weather that damages communication towers. Public transit access may be delayed or rerouted if roadways become impassable due to storms and other severe weather. If roadways completely fail, the transit services could be suspended for days or weeks. 162 PC 03-09-2026 162 of 267 Public Safety Power Shutoff Events Electricity utilities throughout California, including PG&E, have begun to occasionally “de-energize”, or turn off the electricity for power lines that run through areas with an elevated fire risk. PSPS events are intended to reduce the risk of power lines sparking or being damaged and starting a wildfire. As previously described, these activities, called PSPS events, result in a loss of power for customers served by the affected power lines. A PSPS event may occur at any time of the year, usually during high wind events and dry conditions. PSPS events may be limited to specific communities or affect broad swaths of the state. In October 2019, PG&E conducted one large-scale PSPS event, shutting off power to approximately 740,000 customers in 35 counties across the state, including customers in Cupertino. Several PSPS events also occurred in 2020 during widespread wildfires across northern California. While PSPS events have been smaller and less frequent recently, these events still pose a risk to PG&E customers across Santa Clara County, including Cupertino. PSPS events can impact emergency management activities. A loss of power can make it more difficult for homes or businesses to receive emergency notifications. PSPS events can also create vulnerabilities for community members who lack backup power supplies and depend on electricity for heating or cooling homes and buildings, medical devices, lighting, and the internet. Additionally, community members may face economic hardships and be deprived of important services, such as grocery stores, gas stations, and banks/ATMs. Traffic lights and other traffic-control systems may not work, which can complicate evacuation needs and hinder emergency response. Although critical public health and safety facilities often have backup generators, the loss of power may also disable other key infrastructure systems. Potential Changes to Severe Weather in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence According to historical hazard data, severe weather is an annual occurrence in Santa Clara County. Damage and disaster declarations related to severe weather have occurred and will continue to occur in the future. Heavy rain and thunderstorms are the county's most frequent type of severe weather occurrences. Wind and lightning often accompany these storms and have caused damage in the past. However, damage associated with severe weather's primary effects has been limited. The secondary hazards caused by severe weather, such as floods and fire, have had the greatest impact on the county. In general, any severe storm that affects Santa Clara County has local effects in Cupertino as well. Thunderstorms, high winds, and lightning can each have localized impacts on infrastructure, properties, and public safety. Climate Change and Severe Weather Climate change is expected to cause an increase in intense rainfall and strong storm systems, such as atmospheric rivers. This increase means that Cupertino could see more intense weather resulting from these storms in the coming years and decades, although such an increase may not affect all forms of severe weather. While average annual rainfall may increase only slightly, climate change is expected to cause an increase in the number of years with intense levels of precipitation. Heavy rainfall can increase the frequency and severity of other hazards, including flooding. 163 PC 03-09-2026 163 of 267 2.6.5 Human Health Hazards Human health hazards are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other organisms that can cause diseases and illness in people. Some of these diseases may cause only mild inconvenience, but others are potentially life-threatening. These diseases can be and often are carried by animals, such as mice and rats, ticks, and mosquitos. Warmer temperatures and high precipitation levels can lead to increased populations of disease-carrying animals, creating a greater risk of disease and increased rates of infection. Populations most vulnerable to human health hazards are those who spend a disproportionate amount of time outdoors (such as outdoor workers or persons experiencing homelessness), those with fragile immune systems or existing illnesses (which may include persons with chronic illnesses and seniors), and those who may live in sub-standard housing or not have access to health insurance and medical care (households in poverty, low-resourced people of color, immigrant/linguistically isolated communities, and cost-burdened/low-income/overcrowded households). These persons may be living in conditions that increase their chances of catching vector-borne illnesses, lack the ability to fight off infections that may occur, or lack the financial resources to seek timely medical care. As reflected in the Vulnerability Assessment, several groups within Cupertino’s population are vulnerable to human health hazards, such as households in poverty, immigrant communities/linguistically isolated persons, low-resourced people of color, outdoor workers, persons experiencing homelessness, persons with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities, and seniors. According to the 2023 MJHMP,9 past occurrences of human health hazards in Santa Clara County since 2018 include COVID-19, Lyme disease, Valley Fever, and West Nile Virus. Potential Changes to Human Health Hazards in Future Years Likelihood of Future Occurrence Human health hazards have occurred in the past and, therefore, will likely occur in the future at various scales and levels of severity. Climate Change and Human Health Hazards Increases in average temperature and changes in precipitation patterns favoring larger precipitation events may facilitate the growth and activity of disease-carrying vectors. Many of the vector-carrying organisms thrive in warmer and wetter conditions. The overall risk of human health hazards is thus expected to increase. 164 PC 03-09-2026 164 of 267 3.1 OVERVIEW The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment analyzes how climate-related hazards may harm the community using the four-step process recommended in the California Adaptation Planning Guide. Figure S-10 illustrates the recommended four-step process. This analysis describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are susceptible to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of capacity to adapt. Figure S-10 California Adaptation Planning Guide Vulnerability Assessment Process The Vulnerability Assessment considers the threats from all relevant natural hazards, which are events or physical conditions that have the potential to cause harm or loss and will emphasize changes to hazard frequency and severity due to climate change. The Vulnerability Assessment includes eight climate-related hazards: air quality and smoke, drought, extreme heat, flooding, human health hazards, landslides, severe storms, and wildfire. The Vulnerability Assessment assesses 45 different population groups and community assets facing potential harm from the hazards. This assessment includes the risk of physical damage to buildings and infrastructure, the social vulnerability of persons likely to be disproportionately harmed by hazards, potential disruption to the city’s economic engines, and loss of essential services. Step 4: Prioritize Vulnerability Determine how susceptible a population or asset is to harm from a particlar hazard. Step 3: Assess Adaptive Capacity Assess the ability of populations and community assets to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of climate change using existing resources and programs. Step 2: Identify Sensitivities and Potential Impacts Identify populations and assets Evaluate potential impacts of each relevant hazard Step 1: Identify Exposure Characterize the community’s exposure to current and projected climate change hazards 3. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT RESULTS 165 PC 03-09-2026 165 of 267 3.2 ITEMS INCLUDED IN THE CUPERTINO VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT The City included the following populations and other assets in the Vulnerability Assessment. Each list includes a description and source of data needed to support the Vulnerability Assessment. 3.2.1 Populations The City collected population data from the U.S. Census (American Community Survey and Decennial Census), the California Healthy Places Index, and the Santa Clara County Homeless Point-in-Time Count. The American Community Survey data is an estimate only with some margin of error. The 16 populations evaluated include: 1. Children and youth (under 18). 2. Cost-burdened/low-income/overcrowded households: households paying 30 percent or more of their income towards housing expenses.25 The State identifies $131,750 as the low-income threshold for a household of four people in Santa Clara County in 2022.26 Six percent of Cupertino residents earn incomes at or below poverty level.27 Overcrowded households include housing units that have 1.0 persons or more per room (excluding bathrooms and kitchens). 3. Households in poverty: households with an income below the poverty line, which is $27,750 for a household of four.28 4. Immigrant communities/linguistically isolated persons: Communities consisting of foreign-born populations, including immigrants, refugees, and undocumented persons. Linguistically isolated persons include households without a member who is fluent in English. Chinese, Hindi, and Japanese are the primary languages in Cupertino among households that are not fluent in English.29 5. Low-resourced people of color: Persons identifying as a member of a racial and/or ethnic group and facing limited access to resources, such as financial, social, healthcare, or educational assistance.30,31 6. Outdoor workers: Workers in landscaping, construction, outdoor recreation, etc. 7. Persons experiencing homelessness: 2022 Point-in-Time count reported 102 total persons experiencing homelessness (all unsheltered) within the City of Cupertino.32 8. Persons living on single-access roads (roads with only a single entry or exit point). Single-access roads are generally to the west, near the hillsides of the community. 9. Persons with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities. 10. Persons without a high school degree. 11. Persons without access to lifelines: Persons without reliable access to a car, transit, or communication systems. 12. Renters. 13. Seniors (age 65 and older). Seniors constitute 15 percent of Cupertino’s population.33 14. Seniors living alone. 15. Students. 16. Unemployed persons. 3.2.2 Infrastructure The City gathered details on infrastructure from State and local GIS data, and the 2023 Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. These seven asset groups are: 1. Energy and communication infrastructure: a. Transmission Lines: PG&E b. Natural gas pipelines and structures: PG&E c. Cell towers, radio sites, fiber-optic lines, and internet lines 166 PC 03-09-2026 166 of 267 2. Flood-control and stormwater infrastructure 3. Vehicle fuel stations a. Electric vehicle charging stations: 13 public charging stations b. Gas stations 4. Hazardous materials sites: 13 cleanup sites 5. Transportation infrastructure a. Freeways: I-280 b. State highways: SR-85 c. Local roads: Stevens Creek Boulevard, North De Anza Boulevard, South De Anza Boulevard, North Wolfe Road, Miller Avenue, North Stelling Road, South Stelling Road, McClellan Road, Steven Canyons Road, South Foothills Boulevard, Rainbow Drive, Bubb Road, Prospect Road, Bollinger Road, North Blaney Avenue, South Blaney Avenue d. Bridges and culverts: Seven local bridges e. Transit facilities: Valley Transportation Authority stops f. Railway: Union Pacific Railroad 6. Parks, Open Space, and Trails a. Community Parks: McClellan Ranch, McClellan Ranch West (Simms Property), Blackberry Farm Park, Blackberry Farm Golf Course, Franco Park, Memorial Park, Sports Center, Mary Avenue Dog Park, Cali Mill Plaza Park, Civic Center Park, Library Plaza, Civic Center Plaza, Main Street Park Easement, Town Square Easement, Little Rancho Park b. Neighborhood Parks: Linda Vista, Varian Park, Monta Vista, Villa Serra, Sommerset Square, Jollyman, Wilson Park, Library Field, Creekside, Sterling Barnhart, Portal Park, Three Oaks, Hoover c. Open Space Areas: Stocklmeir Ranch, Stevens Creek Trail, Oak Valley, Canyon Oak Park 7. Bicycling and pedestrian trails.34, 35, 36 8. Water and wastewater infrastructure: California Water Service (north of Stevens Creek Boulevard), San Jose Water (south of Stevens Creek Boulevard), Cupertino Sanitary District, San José-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility. 3.2.3 Buildings The City collected buildings data from Google Maps, the California School Database, and local agency websites and GIS records. These six assets are: 1. Government and community facilities: Cupertino City Offices, Cupertino Emergency Operations Center, Quinlan Community Center, Cupertino Library, Cupertino Senior Center, and Cupertino Sports Center 2. Commercial centers: Homestead Square Shopping Center, De Anza Shopping Center, Main Street Cupertino, the Crossroads, the Marketplace, and Cupertino Village 3. Medical and care facilities: Kaiser Permanente, Urgent Care Cupertino, Sunshine Health Care Center, Sacred Heart Clinic, Foothill Medical Clinic, Prairie Health, Golden Apple Medical Group, and adult care and senior living facilities 4. Homes and residential structures: Multifamily and single-family residences 5. Public safety buildings: Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office and Santa Clara County Fire Department (Cupertino Fire Station) 167 PC 03-09-2026 167 of 267 6. Schools: Cupertino Union School District (20 elementary schools and 5 middle schools), Fremont Union High School District (Cupertino High School, Homestead High School, and Monte Vista High School), De Anza College, and private schools (Monta Vista Christian School, Stratford School - Cupertino Raynor Campus, St. Joseph of Cupertino School, West Valley Christian School, Villa Montessori) 3.2.4 Economic Drivers The City determined important economic assets based on the 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report and land uses within the city. These five assets are: 1. Major employers: Apple Inc., Cupertino Union School District, Corinthian International Parking Services, Synophic Systems Inc., and De Anza Community College District 2. Education services 3. Technology, research, and development 4. Commercial and retail centers 5. Outdoor recreation 3.2.5 Ecosystems and Natural R esources The City determined the ecosystems and natural resources based on information from the Environmental Resources Element of the General Plan. These four resource types include: 1. Riparian 2. Grasslands 3. Brushlands 4. Foothill Woodlands and Forests 3.2.6 Key Services These assets are based on typical services provided in cities throughout California, which are supported by the infrastructure and buildings listed previously. Key community services include the operation and functions needed to provide and maintain services. The Vulnerability Assessment assesses the infrastructure and people needed to support them separately. These seven services are: 1. Education services: Cupertino Union School District, Fremont Union High School District, private schools, and childcare. 2. Emergency services: Emergency Operations Center, Santa Clara County Fire Department, and Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office 3. Energy delivery and communication services: Silicon Valley Clean Energy, PG&E, radio, television, cellular and landline phone, and internet 4. Government administration and community services 5. Public transit access: Valley Transportation Authority Bus Routes 6. Solid waste removal: Recology South Bay 7. Water and wastewater: California Water Service (north of Stevens Creek Boulevard), San Jose Water (south of Stevens Creek Boulevard), and Cupertino Sanitary District 168 PC 03-09-2026 168 of 267 3.3 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT R ESULTS Table 5-1 shows the results of the Vulnerability Assessment prepared for Cupertino, in accordance with the requirements of Senate Bill 379. For each population or asset that may be vulnerable to each climate- related hazard, the population or asset is scored on a scale of low to high. The vulnerability scores reflect both the severity of climate-related impacts and the ability of populations and assets to resist and recover from these effects. The City assessed 287 different pairings for vulnerability, 89 of which scored as highly vulnerable. The following matrix provides the scores for each population and assets to each relevant hazard. Gray cells with a dash (-) indicate that a specific hazard is not applicable to a specific population or asset, and therefore was not scored. Refer to the “Climate Change” and “Vulnerable Populations and Assets” sections of the Health and Safety Element for additional details on the Vulnerability Assessment method. 169 PC 03-09-2026 169 of 267 Table S-1. Vulnerability Assessment Results Populations & Assets Air Quality and Drought Extreme Heat Flooding Human Health Sea Level Rise Landslides Severe Weather Wildfire Children and youth (under 18) High Low High Medium Medium - Medium Medium Medium Cost-burdened/low-income/overcrowded households Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium - Low Medium Medium Low Low Low High Low - High High High Unemployed persons Low Low Medium Medium Medium - Low Medium Medium Buildings and Infrastructure Commercial centers - - Low Medium - - - Medium - Medical care and assisted living facilities - - Low Low - - Low Medium - Public safety buildings - - Low Medium - - - Medium - Water and wastewater infrastructure - Medium Low High - - High Low Low Economic Drivers 170 PC 03-09-2026 170 of 267 Populations & Assets Air Quality and Drought Extreme Heat Flooding Human Health Sea Level Rise Landslides Severe Weather Wildfire Technology, research, and development Low Low Low Medium Medium - - Low - Commercial and retail centers Medium Medium Medium Low High - - Medium - Outdoor recreation High Medium High Medium Low - Medium Medium Medium Ecosystem and Natural Resources Key Services Public transit access High - High High Low - Medium High Medium 171 PC 03-09-2026 171 of 267 1 BestPlaces, n.d. Climate in Cupertino. https://www.bestplaces.net/city/california/cupertino. 2 Cal-Adapt. 2023. Annual Averages. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/annual-averages. 3 United States Census Bureau. 2024. Cupertino city, California. https://data.census.gov/profile/Cupertino_city,_California?g=160XX00US0617610. Accessed January 17, 2024. 4 Cupertino, City of. 2023. 6th Cycle Housing Element 2023-2031: Second Draft. Submitted to HCD on October 16, 2023. https://engagecupertino.org/public-documents. 5 Bedsworth, Louise, Dan Cayan, Guido Franco, Leah Fisher, Sonya Ziaja (California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California Energy Commission, California Public Utilities Commission). 2018. Statewide Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUMCCCA4-2018-013. 6 Cal OES. Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS). https://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of- the-director/operations/planning-preparedness-prevention/california-specialized-training- institute/hazardous-materials-program/standardized-emergency-management-system-sems/ 7 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2023. Storm Events Database. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ 8 United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2003. Map of Active Fault Traces, Geomorphic Features and Quaternary Surficial Deposits Along The Central Calaveras Fault, Santa Clara County, California.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/cfusion/external_grants/reports/01HQGR0212.pdf. 9 IEM. 2023. Draft Santa Clara County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Volume 1: Base Plan. 10 U.S. Geological Survey. 2015, March. UCEFR3: A New Earthquake Forecast for California’s Complex Fault System. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3009/pdf/fs2015-3009.pdf. 11 United States Geological Survey (USGS). M 6.9 - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc216859/impact 12 CAL FIRE. 2025, February 3 (accessed). Historical Fire Perimeters. https://www.fire.ca.gov/what-we- do/fire-resource-assessment-program/fire-perimeters 13 U.S. Department of Transportation. 2023. Incident Statistics. https://portal.phmsa.dot.gov/analytics/saw.dll?Portalpages&PortalPath=%2Fshared%2FPublic%20Webs ite%20Pages%2F_portal%2FHazmat%20Incident%20Report%20Search. 14 California Department of Toxic Substances Control. 2023. EnviroStor Database. https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/map/?myaddress. 15 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. 2023. Air Quality Summary Reports. https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/air-quality-measurement/air-quality-summaries. 16 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. April 19, 2017. Final 2017 Clean Air Plan. Appendix C. Available: https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/plans/2017-clean-air- plan/attachment-a-proposed-final-cap-vol-1-pdf.pdf?la=en. 17 David Ackerly, Andrew Jones, Mark Stacey, and Bruce Riordan. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. San Francisco Bay Area Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018- 005_SanFranciscoBayArea_ADA.pdf. 18 Cal-Adapt. 2023. Snowpack. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/snowpack/. END NOTES 172 PC 03-09-2026 172 of 267 19 National Weather Service. N.D. July 12-15, 1995 Deadly Heat Wave. https://www.weather.gov/mkx/1995_heat-wave. 20 Vaidyanathan A, Malilay J, Schramm P, Saha S. Heat-Related Deaths - United States, 2004-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jun 19;69(24):729-734. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6924a1. PMID: 32555133; PMCID: PMC7302478. 21 United States Census Bureau. 2023. Cupertino city, California. ACS 5-Year Estimates, Year Structure Built. B25034. https://data.census.gov/table?q=B25034:+Year+Structure+Built&g=160XX00US0617610. 22 Huang, J., H. Akbari, and H. Taha. 1990. The Wind-Shielding and Shading Effects of Trees on Residential Heating and Cooling Requirements. ASHRAE Winter Meeting, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Atlanta, Georgia. 23 Kurn, D., S. Bretz, B. Huang, and H. Akbari. 1994. The Potential for Reducing Urban Air Temperatures and Energy Consumption through Vegetative Cooling. ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. Pacific Grove, California. 24 Cal-Adapt. 2024.Extreme Heat Days and Warm Nights. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/extreme-heat. 25 City of Cupertino. 2015. City of Cupertino Housing Element 2015-2023. https://www.cupertino.org/home/showpublisheddocument/12736/636317559509530000. 26 California Department of Housing and Community Development. 2022. State Income Limits for 2022. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/docs/grants-and-funding/inc2k22.pdf. 27 United States Census Bureau. 2023. Cupertino city, California. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0617610. 28 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. 2023. “HHS Poverty Guidelines for 2023.” https://aspe.hhs.gov/topics/poverty-economic-mobility/poverty-guidelines. 29 American Community Survey. 2015. 2015: ACS 5-Year Estimates, Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over, B16001. https://data.census.gov/table?q=Table+B16001&g=160XX00US0617610&tid=ACSDT5Y2015.B16001. 30 Public Health Alliance of Southern California. 2018. Healthy Places Index. https://map.healthyplacesindex.org/ 31 Roos, Michelle (E4 Strategic Solutions). 2018. Climate Justice Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018-012. 32 County of Santa Clara. 2022. Santa Clara County: 2022 Homeless Point in Time Count and Survey. https://osh.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb671/files/documents/2022%20PIT%20Report%20Santa%20Clar a%20County.pdf. 33 United States Census Bureau. 2023. QuickFacts Cupertino city, California. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/cupertinocitycalifornia/PST045219. 34 Valley Transportation Authority. 2015. Valley Transportation Plan 2040: The Long-Range Transportation Plan for Santa Clara County. https://www.vta.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/VTP-2040_Final.pdf. 35 City of Cupertino. Bicycle Transportation Plan. 2016. https://www.cupertino.org/home/showpublisheddocument/3479/636443578340030000. 36 City of Cupertino. 2018. Pedestrian Transportation Plan. https://www.cupertino.org/home/showpublisheddocument/16864/636650034974470000. 173 PC 03-09-2026 173 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment Submitted to: City of Cupertino Submitted in: October 2025 174 PC 03-09-2026 174 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment Prepared for: Submitted in: City of Cupertino October 2025 175 PC 03-09-2026 175 of 267 P Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Study Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Context ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Natural Hazards .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Flood and Inundation Hazards ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Seismic And Geologic Hazards ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3.3 Fire Hazards ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.4 Hazardous Waste And Materials .......................................................................................................... 5 2. Background ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Legislative Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Emergency Planning in Cupertino ................................................................................................................. 6 3. Approach and Methods............................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Identify the Evacuation Scenarios .................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Define the Evacuation Area ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3 Define Evacuation Routes ................................................................................................................................ 11 3.4 Estimate Vehicle Trips ...................................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Assign Vehicle Trips .........................................................................................................................................14 3.6 Evacuation Route Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.6.1 Assessing Evacuation Route Capacity .............................................................................................. 15 3.6.2 Distance to Evacuation Gateway ....................................................................................................... 17 4. Evacuation Route Assessment ................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Estimate Evacuation Vehicle Trips ................................................................................................................ 18 4.1.1 Resident and Employee Population .................................................................................................... 18 4.1.2 Student Population ................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1.3 Visitor Population .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.4 Total Estimated Evacuation Demand .............................................................................................. 20 4.2 Evaluating Evacuation Route Capacity ....................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1 Scenario A (Quantitative Analysis) ..................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Scenario B (Quantitative Analysis) ..................................................................................................23 4.2.3 Scenario C (Qualitative Analysis) ..................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Analyzing Distance to Evacuation Gateways ........................................................................................... 27 5. Recommendations................................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Supply-Side Strategies ....................................................................................................................................29 5.2 Demand-Side Strategies ............................................................................................................................... 30 176 PC 03-09-2026 176 of 267 P 5.3 Information-Side Strategies ......................................................................................................................... 30 5.4 Additional Considerations ............................................................................................................................ 30 Appendices Appendix A: Socioeconomic Data Appendix B: Trip Distribution List of Figures Figure 1: Fire Hazard Severity Zones ......................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2: Evacuation Routes ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Trip Distribution for Scenario A ............................................................................................................... 22 Figure 4: Trip Distribution for Scenario B ............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 5: Distances to Evacuation Gateways ........................................................................................................ 28 Figure A-1: Census Block Group and Census Tract Locations ......................................................................... 34 Figure A-2: Genasys Protect Zone Locations (highlighted numbers in study area) ................................. 36 Figure A-3: Transportation Analysis Zone (TAZ) Locations (light blue indicates study area) ............... 38 List of Tables Table 1: Scenario Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 2: Vehicle Demand Calculations in the Evacuation Area ......................................................................... 14 Table 3: Planning Level Roadway Capacity per Hour per Lane ......................................................................... 15 Table 4: Evacuation Route Capacity .......................................................................................................................... 16 Table 5: Composition of Evacuees by Scenario .................................................................................................... 18 Table 6: Resident Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area ................. 19 Table 7: Employee Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area ............... 19 Table 8: Student Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area ................. 20 Table 9: Visitor Land Use and Evacuation Demand of the Evacuation Area ................................................ 20 Table 10: Total Estimated Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips for the Evacuation Area ............................. 20 Table 11: Evacuation Route Link Capacity Analysis (Scenario A)...................................................................... 23 Table 12: Evacuation Route Link Capacity Analysis (Scenario B) .................................................................... 26 Table A-1: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Census1 .................................................................................... 33 177 PC 03-09-2026 177 of 267 P Table A-2: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Genasys Protect1 .................................................................. 35 Table A-3: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Santa Clara County VMT Estimation Tool1 ....................37 Table A-4: School Enrollment Data .......................................................................................................................... 39 Table A-5: Estimated Student Evacuation Trips ................................................................................................... 39 Table A-6: Estimated Visitor Evacuation Trips ..................................................................................................... 40 Table B-1: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario A) ................................................ 42 Table B-2: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario B) ............................................... 43 Table B-3: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario C) .............................................. 44 178 PC 03-09-2026 178 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 1 1. Introduction The City of Cupertino's comprehensive planning efforts make it appropriate to assess evacuation route capacity while simultaneously updating the General Plan and Emergency Operations Plan . This assessment provides the City of Cupertino with emergency evacuation event information and is consistent with requirements outlined in Assembly Bill (AB) 747 (2019) and AB 1409 (2021), which specifically require local agencies to evaluate evacuation routes capacity and identify evacuation locations. This supplements the analysis that was prepared for the Draft Health and Safety Element Update (March 2025) regarding residential street accessibility to identify parcels in hazard areas with limited egress routes as required by Senate Bill (SB) 99. 1.1 Study Purpose The following is a summary of the purpose of this evacuation study: • Identify major evacuation routes and shelter locations/gateways; • Inform development of evacuation strategies and conduct evacuation route capacity assessment of wildfire evacuation scenarios with other hazards that could limit evacuation route capacity; • Identify bottlenecks on major evacuation routes based on the evacuation route capacity assessment results; • Identify evacuation strategies to improve performance of the road network during evacuations; and • Identify potential future/ongoing efforts for a detailed Evacuation Plan . 1.2 Study Context This assessment evaluates roadway capacity under certain described scenarios and should not be considered an evacuation plan. Emergency evacuations can be triggered by a number of events, and natural and man-made disasters can be as unpredictable as individual behavior related to evacuation events. As such, this assessment is intended to provide the City of Cupertino with a broad “planning level” assessment of transportation system capacity during worst case evacuation scenarios; it does not provide system adequacy guarantees, nor does it guarantee the findings are applicable to all situations. This assessment will help the City develop policies to prioritize evacuation routes and centers based on the findings of this analysis. Moreover, because emergency evacuation assessment is an emerging field, there is no established standard methodology. We have utilized existing methods in transportation planning that, in our knowledge and experience, we believe offer the most appropriate planning level understanding of roadway capacity for evacuation events. Nevertheless, such methods are limited by the budgetary and time constraints in our scope of work, by the current state of the practice, and of our knowledge. The City of Cupertino has requested this study to aid in planning and implementing potential evacuation plans/scenarios. This assessment should help the city be better prepared for those events; however, in no way can Fehr & Peers guarantee the efficacy of the information used in this assessment, as such would be beyond our professional duty and capability . 179 PC 03-09-2026 179 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 2 1.3 Natural Hazards The Health and Safety Element Background Report (July 23, 2025) described the following potential natural hazards. For this assessment, we considered various natural hazards in the preparation of evacuation scenarios. The natural hazards are described 1.3.1 Flood and Inundation Hazards Flooding is the rising and overflowing of water onto normally dry land. Floods are one of the most frequent natural hazards impacting Santa Clara County and among the costliest natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss nationwide, causing substantial damage to structures, landscapes, and utilities, as well as life-safety issues. Flooding can be extremely dangerous; even six inches of moving water can knock a person over. Floodwaters can transport large objects downstream, damaging or removing stationary structures, such as dam spillways. Ground saturation can result in instability, collapse, or other damage that breaks utility lines and interrupts services. Objects can also be buried or destroyed through sediment deposition from heavy fl ooding. Standing water can cause damage to roads, foundations, and electrical circuits, as well as spread vector-borne illnesses. Other problems connected with flooding and stormwater runoff include erosion, degradation of water quality, and losses of environmental resources. Floods are usually caused by large amounts of stormwater, either from a period of very intense rainfall or a long period of steady rain. Historically, Cupertino has been at risk of flooding primarily during the winter and spring when stream systems swell with heavy rain. This type of flood results from prolonged, heavy rainfall and typically occurs due to high peak flows of moderate duration and a large volume of runoff. Flooding is more severe when prior rainfall has saturated the ground. The watersheds in the Santa Cruz Mountains feed into four major streambeds that traverse the city, Permanente Creek, Stevens Creek, Regnart Creek, and Calabazas Creek. These creeks collect surface runoff and drain into channels leading to the San Francisco Bay. During heavy rainfall, these creeks create a potential flooding risk in the city as water levels may exceed the top of the creekbank. Occasionally, flash flooding from short-duration, high-intensity precipitation events (often during atmospheric river events) may occur. Atmospheric rivers are a relatively common weather pattern that brings southwest winds and heavy rain to California. Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow regions in the atmosphere that transport water vapor carried away from the tropics. These columns of vapor move with the weather, carrying large amounts of water vapor and strong winds. When the atmospheric rivers make landfall, they often release this water vapor in the form of rain or snow, often causing heavy rains that can lead to flooding and mudslide events. Flash floods can occur even during a drought. Such events can tear out trees, undermine buildings and bridges, and scour creek channels. In urban areas, flash flooding is an increasingly serious problem due to removing vegetation and replacing groundcover with impermeable surfaces such as roads, driveways, and parking lots. The greatest risk from flash floods is occurrence with little to no warning. 1.3.1.1 Dam and Pipeline Failure A dam failure is an uncontrolled release of water from a reservoir through a dam because of structural failures or deficiencies in the dam, usually associated with intense rainfall or prolonged flooding. Water pipeline or aqueduct failures can create a similar sudden flood. Dam and pipeline failures can range from minor to catastrophic, potentially harming human life and property downstream from the failure. In addition, ecosystems and habitats can be destroyed by fast-moving floodwaters, debris, 180 PC 03-09-2026 180 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 3 and sedimentation from inundation. Although dam and pipeline failures are very rare, these events are not unprecedented. There are four major causes of failures: • Overtopping: These failures occur when a reservoir fills too high with water, especially in times of heavy rainfall, leaving water to rush over the top of the dam. Other causes of this type of failure include settling of the crest of the dam or spillway blockage. • Foundation defects: These failures occur as a result of settling in the foundation of the dam, instability of slopes surrounding the dam, uplift pressures, and seepage around the foundation. All these failures result in structural instability and potential dam failure. • Piping and seepage failures: These failures occur as a result of internal erosion caused by seepage and erosion along hydraulic structures, such as the spillways of a dam, or failures in the walls of a water pipeline. Animal burrows and cracks in the dam structure may also cause ero sion. • Conduit and valve failure: These failures occur as a result of problems with valves and conduits in a dam or pipeline’s systems. Many dam and pipeline failures are also the secondary result of other natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, and extreme storms. Other causes include equipment malfunction, structural damage, and sabotage. Dams are constructed with safety features known as “spillways” that allow water to overtop the dam if the reservoir fills too quickly. Spillway overflow events, often referred to as “design failures”, result in increased discharges downstream and increased flooding potential. In a dam failure scenario, the greatest threat to life and property typically occurs in those areas immediately below the dam since flood depths and discharges generally decrease as the flood wave moves downstream. The primary danger associated with dam failure is the high-velocity flooding downstream of the dam and limited warning times for evacuation. 1.3.2 Seismic And Geologic Hazards Seismic and geologic hazards are risks caused by the movement of different parts of the earth’s crust or surface. Seismic hazards include earthquakes and hazardous events caused by them. Geologic hazards are other hazards involving land movements that are not linked to seismic activity and can inflict harm to people or property. Additional information about seismic and geologic hazards i n Cupertino, including development review coordination is in General Plan Appendix E, Geologic and Seismic Hazards. 1.3.2.1 Seismic Hazards Seismic activity occurs along boundaries in the earth’s crust, called faults. Pressure along the faults builds over time and is ultimately released, resulting in ground shaking commonly referred to as an earthquake. Earthquakes can also trigger other hazards, including surface rupture (cracks in the ground surface), liquefaction (causing loose soil to lose its strength), landslides, and subsidence (sinking of the ground surface). Earthquakes and other seismic hazards often damage or destroy property and public infrastructure, including utility lines, and falling objects or structures pose a risk of injury or death. 1.3.2.1.1 EARTHQUAKES While Cupertino is at risk from many natural and human-caused hazards, the event with the greatest potential for loss of life or property and economic damage is an earthquake. This risk is true for most of the San Francisco Bay Area region since damaging earthquakes affect widespread areas and trigger many secondary effects that can overwhelm the ability of local jurisdictions to respond. 181 PC 03-09-2026 181 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 4 Earthquakes in the Bay Area result from strain energy constantly accumulating across the region because of the motion of the Pacific Plate, relative to the North American Plate. Earthquake risk is very high in Santa Clara County, including the City of Cupertino, due to the presence of three major active faults1 in the region, the Hayward Fault, Calaveras Fault, and San Andreas Fault. Both the San Andreas and the Hayward Faults have the potential for experiencing major to great events. 1.3.2.1.2 OTHER SEISMIC HAZARDS In addition to the direct physical damage that can result from the motion of an earthquake, damage can result from liquefaction. Liquefaction occurs primarily in saturated, loose, fine - to medium- grained soils in areas where the groundwater table is within approximately 50 feet of the surface. Shaking causes the soils to lose strength and behave as a liquid. Excess water pressure is vented upward through fissures and soil cracks and can result in a water -soil slurry flowing onto the ground surface. This subsurface process can lead to near-surface or surface ground failure that can result in property damage and structural failure. Groundwater that is less than 10 feet to the surface can cause the highest liquefaction susceptibility, with lower groundwater levels causing lower liquefaction risks. 1.3.2.2 Geologic Hazards Landslides and rock falls may occur in sloped areas, especially areas with steep slopes, and usually in loose and fragmented soil areas. Slope stability depends on many factors and interrelationships, including rock type, pore water pressure, slope steepness, and natural or human-made undercutting. Landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. Landslides are often triggered by other natural hazards, such as heavy rain, floods, or wildfires, so landslide frequency is often related to the frequency of these other hazards. In Santa Clara County, landslides typically occur during and after severe he avy rainfall, so the risk of landslides often rises during and after sequential severe storms that saturate steep, loose soils. Landslides and mudslides are a common occurrence and have caused damage to homes, public facilities, roads, parks, and sewer lines. 1.3.3 Fire Hazards Fire hazards include both wildfires and urban fires. The combination of complex terrain, climate, vegetation and development patterns contribute to an elevated risk of wildfire. The Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2023 (CWPP) describes how each of these variables contributes to fire risk, and describes how fire risk varies throughout the city. Historically, the fire season extended from early summer through late fall of each year during the hotter, dryer months, although it is increasingly a hazard that can occur year-round. Fire conditions arise from a combination of high temperatures, low moisture content in the air and plant matter, an accumulation of vegetation, and high winds. Three types of fires are of concern to Cupertino: (1) wildfires, (2) wildland-urban interface fires, and (3) structural fires. 1 Active faults are defined by their current movement and deformation and their potential to cause earthquakes or other types of ground deformation in the future. 182 PC 03-09-2026 182 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 5 1.3.3.1 Wildfires Wildfires occur on mountains, hillsides, and grasslands. Fuel, weather, and topography are primary factors that affect how wildland fires spread. In and around Cupertino, grassland and woodland habitat provide highly flammable fuel that is conducive to wildfires. These plant species are capable of regeneration after a fire, making periodic wildfires a natural part of the ecology of these areas. The climate of Cupertino and the surrounding area keeps the grass dry and more readily combustible during fire season. Wildfire potential for Santa Clara County is typically greatest in the months of August, September, and October, when dry vegetation coexists with hot, dry winds. During these times, controlling a fire becomes far more difficult. Areas adjacent to the city that are susceptible to wildfires are also of concern as these conditions could exacerbate vulnerabilities within the city. Grassland fires are easily ignited, particularly in dry seasons. These fires are relatively easily controlled if they can be reached by fire equipment, although after a fire, the burned slopes are highly subject to erosion and gullying. While brushlands are naturally adapted to frequent light fires, fire suppression in recent decades has resulted in heavy fuel accumulation on the ground. Wildland fires, particularly near the end of the dry season, tend to burn fast and very hot, threatening homes and leading to serious destruction of vegetative cover. In woodland and forested areas, a wildland fire can generate a destructive crown fire, which is a fire that burns materials at the top of trees, spreading from treetop to treetop. They can be very intense and difficult to contain. Because areas of the city with natural vegetation are extremely flammable during late summer and fall, wildfire is a serious hazard in undeveloped hillside areas in the western portion of the city, as well as open space areas adjacent to the city. These areas include State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands west of the city, such as the Rancho San Antonio Open Space, Picchette Ranch Open Space, Stevens Creek County Park, Saratoga Creek County Park, Sanborn County Park, Fremont Older Open Space, as well as Local Responsibility Area (LRA) lands in the hillsides of Saratoga. 1.3.4 Hazardous Waste And Materials Hazardous materials are materials that pose a significant risk to public safety, or human and environmental health. These include toxic chemicals, flammable or corrosive materials, petroleum products, and unstable or dangerously reactive materials. They can be released through human error, malfunctioning or broken equipment, or as an indirect consequence of other emergencies (e.g., if a flood damages a hazardous material storage tank). Hazardous materials can also be released accidentally during transportation because of vehicle accidents. The release or spill of bulk hazardous materials could result in fire, explosion, toxic cloud, or direct contamination of water, people, and property. The effects may involve a local site or many square miles. Health problems may be immediate, such as corrosive effects on the skin and lungs, or gradual, such as the development of cancer from a carcinogen. Property damage could range from immediate destruction by explosion to permanent contamination by a persistent hazardous material. Most hazardous materials in the region are transported on truck routes along major roadways, such as I - 280 and SR-85 that pass through Cupertino. The most vulnerable areas along this route are considered the on-/off-ramps and interchanges. Since 1970, one reported roadway hazardous materials incident occurred in Cupertino. 183 PC 03-09-2026 183 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 6 2. Background 2.1 Legislative Requirements Assembly Bill (AB) 747 (2019) and AB 1409 (2021) both mandate local jurisdictions to update their safety elements to include comprehensive evacuation planning. • AB 747 (2019) adds California Government Code Section 65302.15, which requires the safety element to be reviewed and updated, upon the next update of a local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) after January 1, 2022, to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability under a range of emergency scenarios.2 • AB 1409 (2021) adds evacuation locations to Section 65302.15 of the California Government Code and requires the safety element to be reviewed and updated to identify evacuation locations. Accordingly, this report considers: • Identification of Evacuation Routes: The study identifies all evacuation routes and assesses their capacity, safety, and viability under various emergency scenarios. • Capacity Assessment: The study evaluates the capacity of evacuation routes to handle the expected volume of traffic and evacuees during an emergency. • Safety and Viability: The study considers the safety and viability of the identified routes and centers for use during emergencies. • Mapping Evacuation Gateways: This involves mapping evacuation centers and shelters and/or shortest path to evacuation gateways to ensure they are accessible and adequately equipped. • Policy Development: Policies to prioritize evacuation routes and centers based on the findings. • Integration with Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMP): Updates to the Health and Safety Element should be coordinated with the existing LHMP or other relevant emergency planning documents to ensure consistency and alignment. 2.2 Emergency Planning in Cupertino This City of Cupertino maintains and publishes several emergency planning documents:3 The Emergency Operations Plan (2019)4 provides guidance on the City's response to the most likely and demanding emergency conditions. It outlines the incident management structure, legal compliance, whole community engagement, continuity of government, and other critical components. 2 The City of Cupertino participated in the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan which was approved by FEMA in February 2024 which triggered compliance with this requirement. 3 https://www.cupertino.gov/files/assets/city/v/1/your-city/documents 4 https://www.cupertino.gov/files/assets/city/v/1/your-city/documents/cupertino-emergency-operations-plan.pdf. Accessed August 28, 2025. 184 PC 03-09-2026 184 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 7 The Health and Safety Element (last amended in 2005, with minor edits in 2015)5, a Chapter in the General Plan, describes local hazards and mitigation measures. It identifies that people in the foothills and mountains of Cupertino’s planning area, covering approximately 16 square miles, are most at risk from fire. The City is currently updating the Health and Safety Element. The Health and Safety Element Update lists the following policies to prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies: • Policy HS-2.1: Building And Fire Code Compliance • Policy HS-2.2: Promote Emergency Preparedness • Policy HS-2.3: Emergency Operations And Training • Policy HS-2.4: Volunteer Groups • Policy HS-2.5: Emergency Public Information • Policy HS-2.6: Fire Prevention And Emergency Preparedness • Policy HS-2.7: Hazard Preparedness • Policy HS-2.8: Educational And Outreach Materials • Policy HS-2.9: Poor Air Quality Event Assistance • Policy HS-2.10: Disaster Medical Response • Policy HS-2.11: Evacuation Routes • Policy HS-2.12: Evacuation Awareness • Policy HS-2.13: Ingress And Egress • Policy HS-2.14: Secondary Ingress And Egress. • Policy HS-2.15: Emergency Access The City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) (February 21, 2024)6 is an annex to the Santa Clara County Multijurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. It assesses potential hazard risks as well as mitigation measures to prevent loss of life, injury, and property damage. It identifies earthquake, severe weather, flood, landslide, and wildfire as hazards of greatest concern. In the LHMP, Table 17 lists the actions that comprise the City’s hazard mitigation action plan. The Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) (2023)7 describes projects from the Santa Clara County CWPP (2023). These plans are required to be updated every five years to remain eligible for funding implementation projects through the Fire Safe Councils and CAL FIRE. 5 https://www.cupertino.gov/files/assets/city/v/1/your-city/documents/gp-chap-06-health.pdf. Accessed August 28, 2025. 6 https://oem.santaclaracounty.gov/multi-jurisdictional-hazard-mitigation-plan-mjhmp. Accessed October 24, 2025. 7 https://www.sccfd.org/santa-clara-county-community-wildfire-protection-plan/. Accessed October 24, 2025. 185 PC 03-09-2026 185 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 8 3. Approach and Methods This analysis focuses on the transportation system capacity during a wildfire evacuation event. The following flow chart illustrates the steps in the process. 3.1 Identify the Evacuation Scenarios Fehr & Peers, City of Cupertino staff, the Santa Clara County Fire Department, and the Santa Clara County Sherriff’s Office worked together to identify the hazard of highest concern for this assessment (wildfires in the Fire Hazard Severity Zone (FHSZ)) and three evacuation scenarios. In developing the evacuation scenarios, all hazards identified in Section 1.3 were considered. The defined evacuation scenarios represent hazards with the greatest potential to generate the largest number of vehicles requiring evacuation. Consideration was given to wildfire vulnerability, as well as access limitations that may occur due to compounding hazards such as a landslide or flood damage along an evacuation route. Table 1 defines the evacuation scenarios. Scenarios A to C reflect Existing Conditions in year 2025. This assessment conducted baseline analysis using existing socioeconomic conditions to establish current evacuation performance and identify potential constraints under present -day conditions. This provides a foundation for evaluating how future growth could affect evacuation route capacities. When considering cumulative conditions with projected buildout, increased evacuation population would likely exacerbate bottlenecks identified in the baseline analysis. These scenarios assume no evacuation population will “shelter in place” within the hazard area or evacuation area. Instead, these scenarios evaluate evacuation from the evacuation area using the shortest path. 186 PC 03-09-2026 186 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 9 • Scenario A was assessed quantitatively. It assumes a wildfire-triggered evacuation within the evacuation area at 2 PM on a school day. All roadways are assumed to be accessible to evacuees, which include residents, employees, students, and visitors. • Scenario B was assessed quantitatively. It assumes a wildfire-triggered evacuation following an earthquake at 6 AM, during a time when schools are not in session. McClellan Road at Club House Lane near the Deep Cliff Golf Course is assumed to be closed. Evacuees include residents and a small portion of employees. • Scenario C was assessed qualitatively. It is based on Scenario A by assuming the same evacuation demand, but with additional roadway closures on Stevens Creek Boulevard at SR- 85 and SR-85 Southbound Ramps at Stevens Creek Boulevard because of an earthquake causing the wildfire. Table 1: Scenario Definitions Scenario A (Quantitative) Scenario B (Quantitative) Scenario C (Qualitative) Hazard Type(s) Wildfire Wildfire after Earthquake Wildfire after Earthquake Scale of Emergency Evacuation Area1 Evacuation Area1 Evacuation Area1 Time of Event Fall 2 PM (School in session) Summer 6 AM (School not in session) Fall 2 PM (School in session) Road Closures due to Hazard All roadways open McClellan Road at Club House Lane near the Deep Cliff Golf Course due to earthquake • Stevens Creek Boulevard at SR- 85 • SR-85 Southbound Ramps at Stevens Creek Boulevard Type of Evacuees Residents, employees, students, visitors Residents, small portion of employees Residents, employees, students, visitors Notes: 1. The boundary of evacuation area is defined as the Genasys Protect zones within the fire hazard severity zone (FHSZ) lands in the western portions of the City and homes within the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, shown in Figure 1. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 187 PC 03-09-2026 187 of 267 Fire Hazard Severity Zones FIGURE 1 Page 32 Appendix H:Health and Safety Element Background Report | August 2024 Figure S-9 Fire Hazard Severity Zones Data Source: Health and Safety Element Background Report, July 23, 2025 6% 25% 25% 6% 12% 19% 7% 31% 25% 2% 16% 6% 13% 7% Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Screenline East of the WUI Screenline West of SR-85 Screenline Trip Distribution Scenario B SR-85 Trip Distribution % Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) % 0 1 2 Miles 188 PC 03-09-2026 188 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 11 3.2 Define the Evacuation Area According to the Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter 16.74.020, “Wildland‐Urban Interface (WUI) or Wildland‐Urban Interface Fire Area (WUIFA) mean a geographical area identified by the state as a Fire Hazard Severity Zone in accordance with the Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189, or other areas desig nated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires”. The evacuation area is defined as the Genasys Protect8 zones within the WUI, or the moderate to very high FHSZ in Cupertino. Figure 1 illustrates the fire hazard severity zones included in the Health and Safety Element Background Report. The safe area is established at SR-85 and I-280 and serves as the evacuation gateway, representing the boundary beyond which evacuees are considered to have exited the evacuation area, and are therefore no longer at immediate risk. 3.3 Define Evacuation Routes This analysis uses the evacuation routes provided by the City of Cupertino in August 2025, developed as part of the City’s ongoing effort to update its Health and Safety Element. The evacuation routes for the City of Cupertino and surrounding unincorporated areas are used to transport evacuees using their own vehicle and transit dependent evacuees to temporary shelter. This analysis assumes that routes that provide the most direct path to evacuate the community with the least exposure to risk will be used by evacuees. The major evacuation routes consider the location of critical facilities (i.e., safety and security, health and medical, and communications) as well as residential, employment, school, and recreational uses. Figure 2 shows the evacuation routes provided by the City. 3.4 Estimate Vehicle Trips The number of evacuation vehicle trips assigned to the roadway network are a combination of trips generated by residential households, employee trips, student trips, and visitor trips at the time of the evacuation. These trips include those generated by uses in the City as well as surrounding unincorporated areas including PG&E Trailhead, McClellan Ranch Preserve, Stevens Creek County Park, and Fremont Older Open Space Preserve. Trips generated by residential households were informed by the most recent available data from the US Census Bureau and the California Department of Finance. This includes data on population, the number of households, persons per household, and vehicles per household. This data was cross- referenced with data in the Genasys Protect platform’s designated evacuation zones. The household data was then used to estimate evacuation vehicle trips based on the number of households, persons per household, auto-ownership information, population, and other factors that could affect the number of vehicles per household used during an evacuation event. 8 Genasys Protect is an evacuation management tool that helps communities and first responders plan, communicate, and conduct evacuations. It provides communications, situational awareness, and cross -agency coordination capabilities for emergency management. The platform delivers integrated hardware and software for proactive preparedness and multi-channel communication. 189 PC 03-09-2026 189 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 12 Table 2 describes data sources and equations used to estimate vehicle evacuation demand for residents, employees, students, and visitors. Data sources reviewed for this assessment include the 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year Estimates, Genasys Protect, Santa Clara Countywide VMT Estimation Tool, and the adopted Housing Element. These sources provide population, household, and employment estimates that are within a similar range. 190 PC 03-09-2026 190 of 267 Evacuation Routes FIGURE 2 280 280 280 85 85 yW e l l i v e l l e B S T a n t a u A v e ev A t h g i r W S S t e l l i n g R d Reg n a r t R d ev A h c n i F Prospect Rd Sara t o g a A v e dv l B a z n A e D N Doyle Rd dR b b u B S B l a n e y A v e Moorpark Ave Cox Ave McClellan Rd dR o t i u Q dv l B a z n A e D S S M a r y A v e ev A r e l l i M N T a n t a u A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F S Pruneridge Ave W Homestead Rd E Homestead Rd Jo h n s o n A v e N S t e l l i n g R d Ho l l e n b e c k A v e dR e f l o W S dR e l a v y n n u S - a g o t a r a S S Vallco Pkwy Rainbow Dr Bollinger Rd Stevens Creek Blvd W Camp b e l l A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F N N B l a n e y A v e dR e f l o W Ste v e n s C a n y o n R d Phil Ln ev A l i a u Q Mount E d e n R d Basemap FIGURE 2 0 1 2 Miles Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation RoutesCupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Evacuation Route (outside of City Boundary) Evacuation Route (in Cupertino) Fire Hazard Severity Zones FIGURE 1 Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Evacuation Routes (in Cupertino) Evacuation Routes (outside of City Boundary) Data Source: Draft Health and Safety Element, 2025 Rodrigues Ave Torre Ave 85 85 280 280 280 A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.9 miles from Point F to Gateway 6 1.1 miles from Point F to Gateway 5 1.3 miles from Point B to Gateway 1 1.4 miles from Point E to Gateway 4 1.6 miles from Point E to Gateway 5 1.6 miles from Point B to Gateway 2 1.9 miles from Point A to Gateway 1 2 miles from Point D to Gateway 3 2.2 miles from Point D to Gateway 4 2.4 miles from Point C to Gateway 3 2.5 miles from Point C to Gateway 1 Gateway Start Distance to Evacuation Gateway 0 - 0.5 Miles 0.5 - 1 Miles 1 - 1.5 Miles 1.5 - 2 Miles 2.5 - 3 Miles 0 1 2 Miles 191 PC 03-09-2026 191 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 14 Table 2: Vehicle Demand Calculations in the Evacuation Area Evacuation Demand Variable Data Source Equation 1. Employment Santa Clara Countywide VMT Estimation Tool Data source provided value. 2. Residential Population Genasys Protect* Data source provided value. 3. Household Genasys Protect* Population / Household size 4. Household Vehicle Ownership Distribution Census Tract Number of households with 0, 1, 2, or 3+ vehicles / Total household 5. Household Vehicle Ownership Steps 4 & 5 Household vehicle ownership distribution * Household 6. Student Education Data Partnership Data source provided value1 7. Visitor Parking Spaces Available from Google Maps Portion of parking spaces occupied2 8. Estimated Vehicle Evacuation Demand Steps 1 & 6 Residents: 1 * zero-vehicle household + 1 * one-vehicle household + 2 * two-vehicle household + 2.5 * three-or-more vehicle household Employees: 0.99 * employment Students: 1 * drive-alone student + 0.5 * carpooling student + 1 * student picked up/dropped off Visitors: 0.5 * visitor Notes: Raw data is presented in Appendix A. 1. Educational Data Partnership shows school enrollment data for the following schools considered in the evacuation area: Abraham Lincoln Elementary School, Tessellations Elementary School, John F Kennedy Middle School, and Monta Vista High School. 2. Visitor presence considered at recreational attractions located within the evacuation area: PG&E Trailhead (50% of the Rancho San Antonio County Park parking spaces), Deep Cliff Golf Course (20% of the Linda Vista Park parking spaces), Rim Trail (45% of the Stevens Creek County Park Chestnut and Villa Maria parking lots), and Parker Ranch Trailhead (40% of the Fremont Older Open Space Preserve Prospect and Saratoga Country Club parking spaces). Source: 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year Estimates; Genasys Protect; Santa Clara Countywide VMT Estimation Tool; Educational Data Partnership; and Google Maps, Fehr & Peers, 2025. 3.5 Assign Vehicle Trips The total resident, employee, student, and visitor evacuation trips are disaggregated into 14 different geographically designated evacuation zones in the Genasys Protect platform. Trips are routed from each zone to the nearest evacuation route. Once on a major evacuation route, trips are assigned to the most efficient path toward either SR-85 or I-280. The city limit is used as the evacuation 192 PC 03-09-2026 192 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 15 gateways because it represents the boundary beyond which evacuees are considered to have exited the hazard area and the evacuation area, and are therefore no longer at immediate risk. 3.6 Evacuation Route Assessment An evacuation route assessment can be completed in a variety of ways to determine the capacity and viability of key evacuation routes. An assessment, like this project, can use volume to capacity ratios under typical non-congested conditions. Under more constrained and congested conditions, higher effort studies may involve modeled analysis of evacuation scenarios using dynamic traffic assignment to simulate traffic flow and evacuation times when street and freeway networks are at capacity. This evacuation route capacity divides the vehicle demand volumes by the roadway evacuation capacity to estimate the volume to capacity ratio during an evacuation event. Furthermore, the evacuation route assessment measures the distance evacuees have to travel to reach evacuation gateways. 3.6.1 Assessing Evacuation Route Capacity This analysis uses planning level roadway capacities based on the roadway cross section (e.g., two, four, or six travel lanes) with adjustments for the hilly nature of the evacuation routes in the evacuation area and anticipated lower visibility conditions present during an evacuation. These planning level roadway capacities are consistent with the level of planning for this AB 747/AB 1409 evacuation capacity analysis where the desired outcome is a list of policies and programs to integrate into the Health and Safety Element. Table 3 lists the peak one-hour planning capacity for each roadway type. These evacuation capacities do not incorporate contraflow , as the opposing direction is reserved for emergency responders. Table 3: Planning Level Roadway Capacity per Hour per Lane Roadway Type Planning Capacity1 (Typical Day) Planning Capacity (Low Visibility) Freeway 2,020 1,780 Divided Arterial 940 830 Undivided Arterial 890 780 Collector/Local 650 570 Notes: 1. Roadway planning capacity from Highway Capacity Manual (2000). Source: Highway Capacity Manual, 2000; Fehr & Peers, 2025. Additionally, during a fire or other emergency event, roadways typically operate at lower capacities due to changes in driver behavior and the presence of hazards such as low visibility due to smoke. Baseline capacities for all evacuation roadways were reduced by 12 percent to account for these hazards, based on recommended capacity reductions due to low visibility (due to weather) provided by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Road Weather Management Program.9 9 How weather events impact roadways? https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather/q1_roadimpact.htm#:~:text=Speed%20variance%20can%20fall%20by,12 %20percent%20in%20low%20visibility, accessed April 2025. 193 PC 03-09-2026 193 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 16 Table 4 presents the roadway types and total evacuation route capacity at designated screenlines and a few additional roadway segments. A screenline is an imaginary line on a map to evaluate the evacuation route capacity (see Figure 3 and Figure 4). This analysis uses a screenline east of the evacuation area, and another at SR-85 and I-280, which represent the defined evacuation gateways. Table 4: Evacuation Route Capacity Roadway Name Roadway Type1 Outbound Lanes Evacuation Route Capacity Adjusted Evacuation Route Capacity2 1. East of the Evacuation Area Screenline Cristo Rey Drive west of Foothills Boulevard Collector 1 650 570 Foothill Boulevard north of Alpine Drive Local 1 650 570 Stevens Creek Boulevard east of Cupertino Road Collector 1 650 570 McClellan Road east of Imperial Avenue Collector 1 650 570 Bubb Road north of Hyannisport Drive Local 1 650 570 Rainbow Drive west of Seven Springs Lane Local 1 650 570 Prospect Road east of Parker Ranch Trailhead Local 1 650 570 2. West of SR 85 Screenline Foothill Boulevard south of I-280 Undivided Arterial 2 1,780 1,560 Stevens Creek Boulevard west of SR-85 Undivided Arterial 2 1,780 1,560 Bubb Road south of Stevens Creek Boulevard Collector 1 650 570 McClellan Road east of Bubb Road Collector 1 650 570 Stelling Road north of Orion Lane Collector 1 650 570 South De Anza Boulevard north of SR-85 Divided Arterial 3 2,820 2,490 Prospect Road east of S De Anza Boulevard Collector 2 1,300 1,140 Notes: 1. Roadway type determined by City of Cupertino Circulation Element (2025). 2. Vehicles per hour. Rounded to nearest 10. Source: Circulation Element, 2025; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 194 PC 03-09-2026 194 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 17 3.6.2 Distance to Evacuation Gateway For this analysis, evacuation population groups are considered to be evacuated when they have either accessed gateways to the east of SR-85 or north of I-280. To assist with identifying potentially vulnerable communities during an evacuation event it is also helpful to identify City neighborhoods that need to travel the furthest and thus are potentially the most exposed in an evacuation event. This analysis measures the distances from each point along the roadway network to designated evacuation gateways. Up to two best routes from each point to the gateways are included in this assessment. 195 PC 03-09-2026 195 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 18 4. Evacuation Route Assessment This chapter evaluates the evacuation route capacity during a wildfire evacuation event for the evacuation area and routes identified in Chapter 3. This section also analyzes the distances from each point along the roadway network to designated evacuation gateways to help identify City neighborhoods that need to travel the furthest and thus are potentially the most exposed in an evacuation event. 4.1 Estimate Evacuation Vehicle Trips Based on the identified scenarios, the areas requiring evacuation include the FHSZ since these areas are most vulnerable to wildfire hazards. The trips assigned to the transportation system are estimated based on household and employer demographics along with student and visitor population and assist with estimating evacuation demand during an evacuation event. Table 5 lists the composition of evacuees for each quantitative scenario. Note that Scenario C is a qualitative assessment, which builds on Scenario A and, therefore, has the same evacuation demand as Scenario A. Table 5: Composition of Evacuees by Scenario Type of Evacuees Scenario A (Quantitative) Scenario B (Quantitative) Scenario C (Qualitative) Residents 46% 100% 46% Employees 100% 2% 100% Students 100% 0% 100% Visitors 100% 0% 100% Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 4.1.1 Resident and Employee Population A worst-case condition was estimated where all residents, and retail and restaurant (estimated to be half of all employees in the area) in the evacuation area would need to be evacuated. The number of residents, anticipated vehicle ownership per household, employees, students in schools, and visitors in the evacuation area were used to estimate the number of evacuee vehicles. Because the raw data for households, population, and employment cover geographic areas that differ from the evacuation area, the data were adjusted to estimate land use and evacuation demand. Table A-1 to Table A-3 provide raw socioeconomic data. Table 6 to Table 10 present the resident, employee, student, and visitor land uses and estimated evacuation demand in the evacuation area. As shown in Table 6, approximately one percent of households does not have access to a vehicle and would potentially confront mobility constraints during an evacuation event. This assessment uses zero-vehicle households as a proxy to provide an estimate of persons with mobility constraints that may need evacuation assistance. These zero-vehicle households would 196 PC 03-09-2026 196 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 19 require outside assistance. Although outside the scope of this assessment, the City may want to consider a program that ensures a more accurate accounting of households needing assistance and programs to facilitate their evacuation. This estimate also assumes employment centers would provide evacuation assistance to employees without access to a vehicle. Additionally, it was assumed that some households with more than two vehicles likely would not be able to utilize all of their vehicles during an evacuation event (e.g., homes with three or more vehicles but with only two licensed drivers). Table 6: Resident Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area Population1 Households2 Household Vehicle Ownership2 Estimated Evacuation Demand3,4,5 0 1 2 3+ Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C 12,636 4,355 48 604 2,400 1,303 4,050 8,710 4,050 1% 14% 55% 30% Notes: 1. The estimated population is obtained from Genasys Protect data provided by the City staff on July 25, 2025. 2. The estimated number of households and household vehicle ownership is derived from 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates and adjusted according to the estimated population. 3. Assumption of number of vehicles that will evacuate: zero-vehicle household: 1 vehicle; one-vehicle household: 1 vehicle; two-vehicle household: 2 vehicles; three-or-more vehicle household: 2.5 vehicles. 4. Assume that daytime population from Genasys Protect consists of residents, employees, students, and visitors. Calculated as (daytime population - employees - students - visitors) / residents * 100%, The residents present in the evacuation area were estimated to be 46% and 100% of the population for Scenarios A and B respectively. 5. It should be noted that this information does not constitute a specific analysis of households with mobility challenges as it does not specifically account for people who have mobility impairments that preclude them from using a vehicle; it also does not specifically account for households that own one or more vehicles, but where not all members of the household may necessarily have access to them at all times (for example, a household with one vehicle which a household member drives to work, leaving other members of the household at home with no vehicle available). Source: 2023 ACS 5-Year Estimates; Genasys Protect; Santa Clara Countywide VMT Estimation Tool; Fehr & Peers, 2025. Table 7: Employee Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area Employment (A)1 Estimated Evacuation Demand2 Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C 556 550 10 550 Notes: 1. The estimated employment is obtained from the Santa Clara Countywide VMT Evaluation Tool, using 2025 as the baseline year. 2. Assumes that all the employees will evacuate with 0.99 vehicles per employee (one percent of evacuation area households are zero-vehicle households). Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 4.1.2 Student Population Within the designated evacuation area, several schools serve a substantial student population that would require timely evacuation in the event of an emergency at working hours. Schools located 197 PC 03-09-2026 197 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 20 within the evacuation area include Abraham Lincoln Elementary School, Tessellations Elementary School, John F. Kennedy Middle School, and Monta Vista High School. Table 8 presents the estimated number of student evacuation trips during Scenario A. Table A-4 and Table A-5 show the school enrollment data and estimated student evacuation trips, categorized by mode of travel, including pick-up/drop-off by parents, carpooling, and individual student drivers. Table 8: Student Population and Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips of the Evacuation Area School Enrollment Estimated Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C 3,560 3,120 0 3,120 Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 4.1.3 Visitor Population Table 9 presents the estimated number of visitor trips generated by recreational land uses that would require evacuation during an emergency. Additional details on how these visitor trip estimates were developed can be found in Table A-6. Table 9: Visitor Land Use and Evacuation Demand of the Evacuation Area Visitors Estimated Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C 355 180 0 180 Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 4.1.4 Total Estimated Evacuation Demand Considering the estimated trips generated in the evacuation area from all employees, residents, students and visitors, the total number of estimated trips during an evacuation event can be estimated. The total evacuation demand is 7,900 and 8,720 during Scenario A and Scenario B respectively, as shown in Table 10. Table 10: Total Estimated Evacuation Demand Vehicle Trips for the Evacuation Area Type of Evacuees Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Residents 4,050 8,710 4,050 Employees 550 10 550 Students 3,120 - 3,120 Visitors 180 - 180 Total 7,900 8,720 7,900 Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 198 PC 03-09-2026 198 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 21 Figure 3 shows the distribution of the evacuation demand across two screenlines. These screenlines represent the edge of the hazard area (screenline 1) and the estimated evacuation edge (screenline 2). 4.2 Evaluating Evacuation Route Capacity 4.2.1 Scenario A (Quantitative Analysis) The total estimated evacuation demand was distributed across the roadway network in proportion to the combined resident, employee, student, and visitor population data for each Genasys Protect zone10 within the evacuation area. Detailed percent trips assigned for each roadway can be found in Table B-1. The distance to evacuation gateways map (see Figure 5) was used to identify primary routes likely to be used by evacuees. Traffic volume data for the roadway segments on the evacuation area were collected in July 2025. These counts, combined with estimated demand, were used to calculate the total evacuation vehicle demand. StreetLight data from the same period in 2024 were collected and compared with data from October 2024 to evaluate the impact of school sessions versus non-school periods. For Scenario A, representing a typical Fall weekday at 2 PM, a factor of 1.2 was applied to account for the increased traffic associated with schools being in session. Evacuation route capacity was assessed by dividing vehicle demand volumes by roadway evacuation capacity to calculate the volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratio. As shown in Table 11, the results of the evacuation capacity assessment indicate that all evacuation routes have V/C ratios greater than 1 near the evacuation area except for Prospect Road. This indicates that these roads would require more than one hour to accommodate the evacuation demand from the hillside, making them bottlenecks during an evacuation. Foothill Boulevard, Stevens Creek Boulevard and McClellan Road are the most critical bottlenecks with V/C ratio greater than 2. Prospect Road and Stelling Road have V/C ratios of 1, suggesting they are at capacity and should be prioritized for evacuation demand and supply strategies. It is also important to note that emergency scenarios are often unpredictable (as well as driver behavior during the evacuation time period) and it is anticipated that evacuees would vacate at a rate that more closely resembles a bell curve from the time the evacuation order is issued. These are conditions which would affect the total estimated evacuation time in our assessment and are beyond the scope and budget of our assessment. There is also general unpredictability in operational issues, such as power issues that would trigger traffic signals to operate in “red flash mode” in which traffic would need to proceed through intersections in an all -way stop configuration. 10 A Genasys Protect zone is a predefined geographic area used during emergencies to streamline response efforts, reduce confusion, and optimize traffic flow. 199 PC 03-09-2026 199 of 267 Trip Distribution for Scenario A FIGURE 3 280 280 280 85 85 yW e l l i v e l l e B S T a n t a u A v e ev A t h g i r W S S t e l l i n g R d Reg n a r t R d ev A h c n i F Prospect Rd Sara t o g a A v e dv l B a z n A e D N Doyle Rd dR b b u B S B l a n e y A v e Moorpark Ave Cox Ave McClellan Rd dR o t i u Q dv l B a z n A e D S S M a r y A v e ev A r e l l i M N T a n t a u A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F S Pruneridge Ave W Homestead Rd E Homestead Rd Jo h n s o n A v e N S t e l l i n g R d Ho l l e n b e c k A v e dR e f l o W S dR e l a v y n n u S - a g o t a r a S S Vallco Pkwy Rainbow Dr Bollinger Rd Stevens Creek Blvd W Camp b e l l A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F N N B l a n e y A v e dR e f l o W Ste v e n s C a n y o n R d Phil Ln ev A l i a u Q Mount E d e n R d Basemap FIGURE 2 0 1 2 Miles Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Data Source: Fehr & Peers Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes West of SR-85 Screenline East of the WUI Screenline Trip Distribution | Scenario A Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Trip Distribution % SR-85 Trip Distribution % Rodrigues Ave Torre Ave 5% 18% 21% 14% 14% 22% 6% 23% 21% 4% 24% 5% 17% 6% Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Screenline East of the WUI Screenline West of SR-85 Screenline Trip Distribution Scenario A SR-85 Trip Distribution % Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) % 0 1 2 Miles 200 PC 03-09-2026 200 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 23 Table 11: Evacuation Route Link Capacity Analysis (Scenario A) Evacuation Route Link Evacuation Travel Demand1 Existing Hourly Traffic Total Evacuation Demand Adjusted Evacuation Route Capacity V/C Ratio2 1. East of the Evacuation Area Screenline Cristo Rey Drive west of Foothills Boulevard 400 239 639 570 1.1 Foothill Boulevard north of Alpine Drive 1,420 883 2,303 570 4.0 Stevens Creek Boulevard east of Cupertino Road 1,660 417 2,077 570 3.6 McClellan Road east of Imperial Avenue 1,110 100 1,210 570 2.1 Bubb Road north of Hyannisport Drive 1,110 234 1,344 570 2.4 Rainbow Drive west of Seven Springs Lane 1,740 20 1,760 570 3.1 Prospect Road east of Parker Ranch Trailhead 470 116 586 570 1.0 2. West of SR 85 Screenline Foothill Boulevard south of I-280 1,820 883 2,703 1,560 1.7 Stevens Creek Boulevard west of SR-85 1,660 719 2,379 1,560 1.5 Bubb Road south of Stevens Creek Boulevard 320 550 870 570 1.5 McClellan Road east of Bubb Road 1,900 506 2,406 570 4.2 Stelling Road north of Orion Lane 400 196 596 570 1.0 South De Anza Boulevard north of SR-85 1,340 1,578 2,918 2,490 1.2 Prospect Road east of S De Anza Boulevard 470 912 1,382 1,140 1.2 Note: Bolded text indicates roadways over one-hour evacuation capacity. 1. Rounded to nearest 10. 2. Total evacuation demand divided by adjusted outbound capacity. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 4.2.2 Scenario B (Quantitative Analysis) Scenario B assumes a wildfire-triggered evacuation following an earthquake at 6 AM, during a time when schools are not in session. The total estimated evacuation demand was distributed across the 201 PC 03-09-2026 201 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 24 roadway network in proportion to the combined population, and employment population data for each Genasys Protect zone11 within the evacuation area. Detailed percent trips assigned for each roadway can be found in Table B-2. The distance to evacuation gateways map (see Figure 5) was used to identify primary routes likely to be used by evacuees. The results of the evacuation capacity assessment in Table 11 indicate that all the roadways near the evacuation area except for Cristo Rey Drive, McClellan Road and Prospect Road have V/C ratios greater than 2. This indicates that these roads would require more than one hour to accommodate the evacuation demand from the evacuation area, making them bottlenecks during an evacuation. This scenario is evaluated with a road closure on McClellan Road at Club House Lane near the Deep Cliff Golf Course, with schools not in session. When this segment of McClellan Road is closed, evacuees located east of Club House Lane can only travel eastbound along McClellan Road, while those west of the closure can only travel westbound. In other words, evacuees cannot cross the closed segment, which results in separate evacuation routes for areas on either side of the closure. Under these conditions, evacuation demand on McClellan Road would decrease, with some trips shifted to Foothill Boulevard and Stevens Creek Boulevard. As a result, McClellan Road would experience a lower V/C ratio. Under Scenario B, evacuation demand is higher than under Scenario A, as summarized in Table 10. However, because existing hourly traffic is lower at 6 AM under Scenario B, the total evacuation demand (i.e., the sum of evacuation travel demand and existing hourly traffic) on some roadways is lower under Scenario B than under Scenario A. A morning evacuation (6:00 AM) reflects conditions when most residents are at home, resulting in higher residential evacuation demand but relatively low existing traffic volumes on the roadways. In contrast, an afternoon evacuation (2:00 PM) occurs when many residents are at work or school, leading to lower residential evacuation demand but higher levels of existing traffic associated with general daytime travel activity. Scenario B has higher evacuation travel demand but lower existing traffic, resulting in a lower total evacuation demand on some roadways than Scenario A. As a result, these roadways show lower V/C ratios under Scenario B despite the higher evacuation travel demand. 11 A Genasys Protect zone is a predefined geographic area used during emergencies to streamline response efforts, reduce confusion, and optimize traffic flow. 202 PC 03-09-2026 202 of 267 Trip Distribution for Scenario B FIGURE 4 280 280 280 85 85 yW e l l i v e l l e B S T a n t a u A v e ev A t h g i r W S S t e l l i n g R d Reg n a r t R d ev A h c n i F Prospect Rd Sara t o g a A v e dv l B a z n A e D N Doyle Rd dR b b u B S B l a n e y A v e Moorpark Ave Cox Ave McClellan Rd dR o t i u Q dv l B a z n A e D S S M a r y A v e ev A r e l l i M N T a n t a u A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F S Pruneridge Ave W Homestead Rd E Homestead Rd Jo h n s o n A v e N S t e l l i n g R d Ho l l e n b e c k A v e dR e f l o W S dR e l a v y n n u S - a g o t a r a S S Vallco Pkwy Rainbow Dr Bollinger Rd Stevens Creek Blvd W Camp b e l l A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F N N B l a n e y A v e dR e f l o W Ste v e n s C a n y o n R d Phil Ln ev A l i a u Q Mount E d e n R d Basemap FIGURE 2 0 1 2 Miles Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Data Source: Fehr & Peers Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes West of SR-85 Screenline East of the WUI Screenline Trip Distribution | Scenario B Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Trip Distribution % SR-85 Trip Distribution % Rodrigues Ave Torre Ave 6% 25% 25% 6% 12% 19% 7% 31% 25% 2% 16% 6% 13% 7% Cupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Screenline East of the WUI Screenline West of SR-85 Screenline Trip Distribution Scenario B SR-85 Trip Distribution % Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) % 0 1 2 Miles 203 PC 03-09-2026 203 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 26 Table 12: Evacuation Route Link Capacity Analysis (Scenario B) Evacuation Route Link Evacuation Travel Demand1 Existing Hourly Traffic Total Evacuation Demand Adjusted Evacuation Route Capacity V/C Ratio2 1. East of the Evacuation Area Screenline Cristo Rey Drive west of Foothills Boulevard 520 31 551 570 1.0 Foothill Boulevard north of Alpine Drive 2,180 283 2,463 570 4.3 Stevens Creek Boulevard east of Cupertino Road 2,180 31 2,211 570 3.9 McClellan Road east of Imperial Avenue 520 13 533 570 0.9 Bubb Road north of Hyannisport Drive 1,050 64 1,114 570 2.0 Rainbow Drive west of Seven Springs Lane 1,660 85 1,745 570 3.1 Prospect Road east of Parker Ranch Trailhead 610 23 633 570 1.1 2. West of SR 85 Screenline Foothill Boulevard south of I-280 2,700 283 2,983 1,560 1.9 Stevens Creek Boulevard west of SR-85 2,180 142 2,322 1,560 1.5 Bubb Road south of Stevens Creek Boulevard 170 86 256 570 0.4 McClellan Road east of Bubb Road 1,400 31 1,431 570 2.5 Stelling Road north of Orion Lane 520 28 548 570 1.0 South De Anza Boulevard north of SR-85 1,130 362 1,492 2,490 0.6 Prospect Road east of S De Anza Boulevard 610 144 754 1,140 0.7 Note: Bolded text indicates roadways over one-hour evacuation capacity. 1. Rounded to nearest 10. 2. Total evacuation demand divided by adjusted outbound capacity. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2025. 204 PC 03-09-2026 204 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 27 4.2.3 Scenario C (Qualitative Analysis) Scenario C assumes a wildfire-triggered evacuation following an earthquake at 2 PM on a school day. Scenario C demonstrates the worst-case evacuation condition in which an earthquake initiates wildfire. Scenario C builds on Scenario A by assuming the same evacuation demand, but with additional roadway closures at the following roadways because of an earthquake causing wildfire: • Stevens Creek Boulevard at SR-85 • SR-85 Southbound Ramps at Stevens Creek Boulevard Due to the results of the baseline scenario, no further quantification was conducted for Scenario C. However, in addition to the capacity constraints identified in Scenario A, the following evacuation route capacity issues have been noted: • The closure on Stevens Creek Boulevard and SR-85 Southbound Ramps would divert 2,378 evacuees assigned to Stevens Creek Boulevard (refer to Table 11) to the adjacent routes. The updated trip distribution is shown in Table B-3. These alternative routes include Foothill Boulevard, McClellan Road, and De Anza Boulevard. Since these routes are already bottlenecks in Scenario A, the added volume would result in further congestion and increase the severity of the bottleneck causing more delay and queuing. • Stevens Creek Boulevard also serves the evacuees from the entire corridor east and west of the FHSZ. A portion of the rerouted evacuation demand from Stevens Creek Boulevard is expected to shift towards Rainbow Drive and to Stelling Road or De Anza Boulevard, which serve as one of the key evacuation corridors to SR-85. • Foothill Boulevard is already identified as a critical bottleneck with a V/C ratio exceeding 4 in both the scenarios. The rerouted evacuation demand due to the roadway closures would further exacerbate congestion and significantly affect evacuation efficiency. 4.3 Analyzing Distance to Evacuation Gateways Distance to evacuation gateways is mapped in Figure 5. The map illustrates the primary evacuation routes likely to be used by evacuees. The distance for all the evacuation routes ranges from 0.9 to 2.5 miles with most falling between 1.5 to 2 miles. From each start point, there is one or two best routes to reach the gateways with similar distances. Routes A, B, E, and F (via Cristo Rey Drive, Stevens Creek Boulevard, Rainbow Drive, and Prospect Road, respectively) are within two miles of the nearest evacuation gateways. According to Table 11 and Table 12, Cristo Rey Drive and Prospect Road are not expected to experience capacity constraints under Scenarios A and B. As a result, evacuees using these routes are expected to have relatively short evacuation times. In contrast, Route D (via Bubb Road) is located 2 miles to the nearest evacuation gateway (Gateway 3), while Route C (via Foothills Boulevard) exceeds 2 miles in distance to the nearest gateway (Gateway 3). Given that Foothills Boulevard is projected to be over capacity (V/C > 4) under Scenarios A and B, and Bubb Road is over capacity (V/C > 2) under both scenarios, evacuees using these routes are likely to encounter significant traffic congestion and longer evacuation times. 205 PC 03-09-2026 205 of 267 Distances to Evacuation Gateways FIGURE 5 280 280 280 85 85 yW e l l i v e l l e B S T a n t a u A v e ev A t h g i r W S S t e l l i n g R d Reg n a r t R d ev A h c n i F Prospect Rd Sara t o g a A v e dv l B a z n A e D N Doyle Rd dR b b u B S B l a n e y A v e Moorpark Ave Cox Ave McClellan Rd dR o t i u Q dv l B a z n A e D S S M a r y A v e ev A r e l l i M N T a n t a u A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F S Pruneridge Ave W Homestead Rd E Homestead Rd Jo h n s o n A v e N S t e l l i n g R d Ho l l e n b e c k A v e dR e f l o W S dR e l a v y n n u S - a g o t a r a S S Vallco Pkwy Rainbow Dr Bollinger Rd Stevens Creek Blvd W Camp b e l l A v e dv l B l l i h t o o F N N B l a n e y A v e dR e f l o W Ste v e n s C a n y o n R d Phil Ln ev A l i a u Q Mount E d e n R d Basemap FIGURE 2 0 1 2 Miles Cupertino City BoundaryCupertino City Boundary Evacuation Routes Distance to Evacuation Gateway 0 - 0.5 Miles 0.5 - 1 Miles 1 - 1.5 Miles 1.5 - 2 Miles 2.5 - 3 Miles Gateway Start A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.9 miles from Point F to Gateway 6 1.1 miles from Point F to Gateway 5 1.3 miles from Point B to Gateway 1 1.4 miles from Point E to Gateway 4 1.6 miles from Point E to Gateway 5 1.6 miles from Point B to Gateway 2 1.9 miles from Point A to Gateway 1 2 miles from Point D to Gateway 3 2.2 miles from Point D to Gateway 4 2.4 miles from Point C to Gateway 3 2.5 miles from Point C to Gateway 1 Miles Rodrigues Ave Torre Ave Data Source: Fehr & Peers 206 PC 03-09-2026 206 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 29 5. Recommendations The City of Cupertino has already implemented several key strategies that support evacuation readiness and enhance emergency response capabilities. These existing measures provide a strong foundation for coordinated and effective action during wildfire or other disaster events: • Established multi-jurisdictional plans that enable Fire and Sheriff departments to operate seamlessly under a unified command structure. This coordination ensures faster decision- making, effective resource deployment, and a cohesive response across different agencies and jurisdictions. • Traffic signals within the evacuation network are equipped with battery backup systems, allowing them to remain operational during power outages for up to eight hours. This functionality helps maintain orderly traffic flow, reduces confusion at intersections, and supports safer, more efficient evacuations. • Strong coordination and communication among key agencies including Fire, Sheriff, and Public Works—facilitate real-time updates and operational alignment. These communication protocols enable swift sharing of situational information, ensuring a collaborative response during rapidly evolving emergency situations. In addition to the recommended policies (Policy HS-2.1 to Policy HS-2.15) included in the Safety Element Update, the following recommendations are listed as potential measures that can enhance the evacuation process through the supply side (increasing evacuation capacity), demand side (managing evacuation volumes), and information side (improving awareness and communication). These recommendations will be incorporated into future updates of the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), and Health and Safety Element Update to ensure consistency and alignment. Some recommendations can be implemented more readily through the EOP. Others may require additional coordination and formal adoption as part of the Safety Element Update or LHMP. 5.1 Supply-Side Strategies Supply-side strategies aim to temporarily increase evacuation capacity at key bottleneck locations while balancing the everyday safety and function of the roadway system. • Increasing capacity through the use of contraflow lanes or dual purpose shoulder evacuation/protected bike lane widening by changing future roadway design, especially in areas with less accessibility and located on key evacuation routes. These areas are primarily located on I-280, Foothills Boulevard, Stevens Creek Boulevard, Bubb Road, and SR-85 corridors. These routes should consider incorporating design treatments such as painted medians (instead of raised medians) or other treatments that could assist in creating reversible lanes, or a dual-purpose shoulder to facilitate additional capacity in an evacuation event scenario. • Extending water service into evacuation corridors strengthens firefighting capacity and long- term water investment ensures reliable resources that sustain evacuation operations under emergency conditions. • Managed traffic control during evacuation, including turn restrictions and route or ramp closures, to maximize outflows from evacuation areas. • Faster clearing of fire-induced road closures. 207 PC 03-09-2026 207 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 30 • Plan for street parking management on high hazard days. 5.2 Demand-Side Strategies • The City of Cupertino can support vehicle volume reduction during an evacuation by encouraging carpooling and use of public transit; • Encouraging a one car per household evacuation pledge (for households that must have second vehicles, an alternative could involve early off-site placement of a second car when advance wildfire warnings or other hazard requiring evacuation are available); • Identifying shelter locations within the City limits and outside the FHSZ to reduce demand on evacuation routes outside the FHSZ and plan/implement shelter facilities; and 5.3 Information-Side Strategies The City of Cupertino can further support evacuation through the following measures: • Enhance community evacuation programs to improve resident, employee, student, and visitor preparedness and familiarity with evacuation routes and processes. • Strengthen coordination of emergency response equipment and resources between neighboring jurisdictions, allowing for shared use based on operational needs rather than ownership. • Enhance communication protocols between cities and elected officials to support unified decision-making, real-time information sharing, and coordinated emergency response across jurisdictional boundaries. • Explore and deploy wildfire early detection systems (i.e., wildfire video surveillance cameras, drones, etc.) especially for constrained access parcels. • Use real-time traffic management tools to implement dynamic route guidance and monitoring to guide evacuees away from congested routes and encourage the use of secondary or tertiary routes to distribute traffic more evenly. • Study a phased evacuation process where different groups or areas evacuate at different times to prevent congestion on main evacuation routes. This can be based on factors like proximity to danger, traffic volume, or priority of evacuation. • Study and install vehicle monitoring devices and variable message signs to monitor evacuation programs and provide notification of any changes in evacuation routes or plans due to a change in the wildfire or incidents to motorists along the road. 5.4 Additional Considerations This evacuation assessment includes trips generated by both employees and residents from the evacuation area and assumes all residents and employees will be evacuated using vehicles. A critical consideration for emergency personnel is to assist individual residents and employees who either do not have access to a vehicle or cannot drive, to ensure that compete evacuation is provided. The EOP includes provisions to coordinate with the VTA, Silicon Valley (SV) Hopper , and emergency services. Further research into strategies for evacuating people who do not have access to a vehicle is recommended. Options for assisting with evacuation in such situations could include, but not be limited to, the following: • Neighborhood “buddy” program to link people needing assistance with people willing to assist. 208 PC 03-09-2026 208 of 267 Cupertino Evacuation Route Capacity Assessment | 31 • Partnership with transportation network companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft. For individual students and visitors who do not have access to a vehicle, options for assisting with evacuation in such situations could include, but not be limited to, the following: • Designated pick-up zones for TNCs or buses to ensure orderly evacuation. • Provide dedicated shuttle, school vans, or charter bus service, if available. 209 PC 03-09-2026 209 of 267 P Appendix A: Socioeconomic Data 210 PC 03-09-2026 210 of 267 P Table A-1: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Census1 Geographic Area Households Population Employment Household Vehicle Ownership 0 1 2 3+ Census Tract 5077.01 1,216 4,092 1,526 90 217 515 394 Block Group 1; Census Tract 5077.01 N/A 878 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 2; Census Tract 5077.01 N/A 1,927 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Census Tract 5077.02 2,163 6,107 3,310 24 300 1,192 647 Block Group 1; Census Tract 5077.02 N/A 2,052 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 2; Census Tract 5077.02 N/A 1,704 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 3; Census Tract 5077.02 N/A 2,351 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Census Tract 5077.04 1,214 3,466 1,453 150 299 457 308 Block Group 1; Census Tract 5077.04 N/A 1,060 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 2; Census Tract 5077.04 N/A 2,406 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Census Tract 5077.05 1,385 4,560 1,753 19 255 671 440 Block Group 1; Census Tract 5077.05 N/A 1,952 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 2; Census Tract 5077.05 N/A 1,373 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Block Group 3; Census Tract 5077.05 N/A 1,235 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total 5,978 35,613 8,042 283 1,071 2,835 1,789 Notes: 1. Census block group and census tract locations are illustrated in Figure A-1. Source: 2023 ACS 5-year Estimates; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 211 PC 03-09-2026 211 of 267 P Figure A-1: Census Block Group and Census Tract Locations 212 PC 03-09-2026 212 of 267 P Table A-2: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Genasys Protect1 Geographic Area Total Population Total Daytime Population Total Households SCC-005 0 0 0 SCC-006 0 3 0 SCC-008 198 270 82 SCC-010 12 52 2 SCC-011 13 41 4 SCC-020 67 37 21 CUP-007 784 1,057 376 CUP-008 1,294 931 418 CUP-016 10 124 3 CUP-017 3,188 2,523 1,042 CUP-018 1,339 1,245 461 CUP-029 2,841 2,046 953 CUP-032 654 470 248 CUP-033 2,236 1,546 745 Total 12,636 10,345 4,355 Notes: 1. Genasys Protect zone locations are illustrated in Figure A-2. Source: Genasys Protect; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 213 PC 03-09-2026 213 of 267 P Figure A-2: Genasys Protect Zone Locations (highlighted numbers in study area) 214 PC 03-09-2026 214 of 267 P Table A-3: Summary of Socioeconomic Data – Santa Clara County VMT Estimation Tool1 Geographic Area Households Population Employment TAZ 132 955 2,702 94 TAZ 130 0 0 0 TAZ 127 204 614 14 TAZ 128 231 693 25 TAZ 126 647 2,038 647 TAZ 103 193 530 77 TAZ 133 325 920 66 TAZ 102 278 749 55 TAZ 116 305 910 64 TAZ 115 1 3 1,448 TAZ 129 996 2,995 150 TAZ 105 413 1,240 5 TAZ 136 22 62 135 TAZ 122 328 1,033 0 TAZ 125 238 751 2 TAZ 131 273 822 5 TAZ 1334 661 1,880 55 TAZ 135 640 1,825 31 TAZ 134 677 1,916 7 TAZ 117 582 1,741 1,448 TAZ 123 466 1,472 0 Total 8,435 24,896 4,328 Notes: 1. TAZ locations are illustrated in Figure A-3. Source: Santa Clara Countywide VMT Estimation Tool; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 215 PC 03-09-2026 215 of 267 P Figure A-3: Transportation Analysis Zone (TAZ) Locations (light blue indicates study area) 216 PC 03-09-2026 216 of 267 P Table A-4: School Enrollment Data School Name School Enrollment Abraham Lincoln Elementary 700 John F Kennedy Middle 930 Tessellations Elementary School 270 Total (non-driving students) 1,9001 Monta Vista High School (can drive) 1,6602 Total Students 3,560 Notes: 1. Elementary and middle school students are assumed to evacuate either by carpooling with another student (20%) or by being picked up/dropped off individually (80%). 2. High school students are assumed to be able to drive and are therefore assigned the following evacuation mode shares: drive alone (20%), carpool (30%), and pick-up/drop-off (50%). Table A-5: Estimated Student Evacuation Trips Driving Condition Percent Estimates Number of Students Factor1 Estimated Student Evacuation Trips 1,900 Students (Non- Driving) 1,660 Students (Can Drive) Drive Alone 0% 20% 330 1.0 330 Carpool 20% 30% 880 0.5 440 Drop-Off 80% 50% 2,350 1.0 2,350 Total 3,560 3,120 Notes: 1. Drive Alone trips assume one person per vehicle; Carpool trips assume two passengers per vehicle, excluding the driver; and Drop-Off trips assume one passenger per vehicle, with the driver not counted. 217 PC 03-09-2026 217 of 267 P Table A-6: Estimated Visitor Evacuation Trips Recreational Attractions Location Number of Visitors1 PG&E Trailhead East of Rancho San Antonio County Park 200 Deep Cliff Golf Course North of Linda Vista Park 20 Rim Trail North of Stevens Creek County Park 100 Parker Ranch Trailhead East of Fremont Older Open Space Preserve 35 Total Visitors 355 Estimated Visitor Evacuation Trips2 180 Notes: 1. The number of visitors is based on the percentage of parking spaces assumed during the study period. (Refer to Table 2 notes for the percentages assumed). 2. Visitors are assumed to carpool (two or more passengers per vehicle). 218 PC 03-09-2026 218 of 267 P Appendix B: Trip Distribution 219 PC 03-09-2026 219 of 267 P Table B-1: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario A) Genasys Protect Zones1 Population Population Distribution Connected Roadways Evacuation Trip Distribution SCC-0052 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-006 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-008 198 1% Foothills Boulevard 1% SCC-010 12 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-011 13 0% Prospect Road 0% SCC-020 67 0% Prospect Road 0% CUP-007 784 5% Cristo Rey Drive 5% CUP-008 1,294 8% Foothills Boulevard 5% Stevens Creek Boulevard 3% CUP-016 10 0% McClellan Road 0% CUP-017 3,188 20% Foothills Boulevard 9% Stevens Creek Boulevard 10% McClellan Road 1% CUP-008 1,339 8% Foothills Boulevard 5% Stevens Creek Boulevard 3% CUP-029 2,841 38% Stevens Creek Boulevard 4% McClellan Road 24% Rainbow Drive 10% CUP-032 654 4% McClellan Road 2% Rainbow Drive 2% CUP-033 2,236 16% Stelling Road 5% Rainbow Drive 5% Prospect Road 6% Notes: 1. Genasys Protect zone locations are illustrated in Figure A-2. 2. SCC coded zones are located in Santa Clara County’s FHSZ. Source: Genasys Protect; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 220 PC 03-09-2026 220 of 267 P Table B-2: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario B) Genasys Protect Zones1 Population Population Distribution Connected Roadways Evacuation Trip Distribution SCC-005 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-006 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-008 198 2% Foothills Boulevard 2% SCC-010 12 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-011 13 0% Prospect Road 0% SCC-020 67 1% Prospect Road 1% CUP-007 784 6% Cristo Rey Drive 6% CUP-008 1,294 10% Foothills Boulevard 7% Stevens Creek Boulevard 3% CUP-016 10 0% McClellan Road 0% CUP-017 3,188 25% Foothills Boulevard 10% Stevens Creek Boulevard 13% McClellan Road 2% CUP-008 1,339 11% Foothills Boulevard 8% Stevens Creek Boulevard 3% CUP-029 2,841 22% Stevens Creek Boulevard 2% McClellan Road 15% Rainbow Drive 5% CUP-032 654 5% McClellan Road 3% Rainbow Drive 2% CUP-033 2,236 18% Stelling Road 6% Rainbow Drive 6% Prospect Road 6% Notes: 1. Genasys Protect zone locations are illustrated in Figure A-2. 2. SCC coded zones are located in Santa Clara County’s FHSZ. Source: Genasys Protect; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 221 PC 03-09-2026 221 of 267 P Table B-3: Trip Distribution Linked to Genasys Protect Zones (Scenario C) Genasys Protect Zones1 Population Population Distribution Connected Roadways Evacuation Trip Distribution2 SCC-0053 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-006 0 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-008 198 1% Foothills Boulevard 1% SCC-010 12 0% Foothills Boulevard 0% SCC-011 13 0% Prospect Road 0% SCC-020 67 0% Prospect Road 0% CUP-007 784 5% Cristo Rey Drive 5% CUP-008 1,294 8% Foothills Boulevard 8% Stevens Creek Boulevard 0% CUP-016 10 0% McClellan Road 0% CUP-017 3,188 20% Foothills Boulevard 15% Stevens Creek Boulevard 0% McClellan Road 5% CUP-008 1,339 8% Foothills Boulevard 8% Stevens Creek Boulevard 0% CUP-029 2,841 38% Stevens Creek Boulevard 0% McClellan Road 26% Rainbow Drive 12% CUP-032 654 4% McClellan Road 2% Rainbow Drive 2% CUP-033 2,236 16% Stelling Road 5% Rainbow Drive 5% Prospect Road 6% Notes: 1. Genasys Protect zone locations are illustrated in Figure A-2. 2. For Scenario C, due to road closure at Stevens Creek Boulevard at SR-85, trips assigned to Stevens Creek Boulevard under Scenario A were shifted to alternative roadways. 3. SCC coded zones are located in Santa Clara County’s FHSZ. Source: Genasys Protect; Fehr & Peers, 2025. 222 PC 03-09-2026 222 of 267 CITY OF CUPERTINO Agenda Item Subject:2025 General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report Receive the General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report for the 2025 Reporting Year. CITY OF CUPERTINO Printed on 3/4/2026Page 1 of 1 223 PC 03-09-2026 223 of 267 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CITY HALL 10300 TORRE AVENUE • CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255 TELEPHONE: (408) 777-3308 CUPERTINO.GOV PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF REPORT Meeting: March 9, 2026 Subject 2025 General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report Recommended Actions Receive the General Plan and Housing Element Annual Progress Report for the 2025 Reporting Year. Discussion Background Government Code Section 65400 and 65700 mandates that all cities and counties submit an annual report on the status of their General Plan and progress in its implementation to their local legislative bodies, the Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (LCI)1, and the Housing and Community Development (HCD) by April 1 of each year. While LCI provides guidance related to the General Plan Annual Progress Report (APR) portion of the reporting requirements, the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) provides separate guidance for the Housing Element APR. The APR provides local legislative bodies and the public with information regarding the implementation of the General Plan for their city or county. The APRs also inform the public of the progress in meeting the community’s goals. The APR should provide enough information for decision-makers to assess how the General Plan was implemented during the 12-month reporting period, which can be based on either the calendar year or fiscal year. More specifically, APRs should explain how land use decisions relate to adopted goals, policies, and implementation measures of the General Plan. The APRs should provide enough information to identify necessary "course adjustments" or modifications to the General Plan and means to improve local implementation. 1 Formerly the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) 224 PC 03-09-2026 224 of 267 Analysis In January 2026, LCI released guidance on a revised format for General Plan APRs for the 2025 Reporting Year (see Attachment A). This identified the General Content and Additional Content that is suggested for inclusion in the report, as appropriate. LCI strongly recommends planning agencies follow the format, guidance, and submission instructions as described in the guidelines document. As a result, the new format for the General Plan APR reflects the updated guidance provided by LCI for the information that it requests to be included in the General Plan APR (see Attachment B). The General Plan APR allows LCI to identify statewide trends in land use decision-making and how local planning and development activities relate to statewide planning goals and policies. Next Steps The report will be presented to the City Council after having been presented to the Planning Commission. Prepared by: Piu Ghosh, Planning Manager Nicky Vu, Senior Housing Coordinator Reviewed and Approved for Submission by: Luke Connolly, Assistant Director of Community Development Attachments: A – LCI APR Guidelines Memo for Reporting Year 2025 B – 2025 General Plan Annual Progress Report Exhibit 1 – Housing Element APR 225 PC 03-09-2026 225 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT MEMO – 2025 REPORTING YEAR 01/16/2026 To: All California Cities and Counties From: Planning and Land Use Team, Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation RE: General Plan Annual Progress Report Guidance The Governor’s Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation (LCI) -- formerly the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) -- has updated its Annual Progress Report (APR) guidance for reporting year 2025 to streamline the submission process and minimize resources spent by jurisdictions. Please review the updates to LCI’s guidance listed below. Updates: 1) LCI will now only be collecting APR submissions via online form. Please submit via: our online form. 2) LCI strongly recommends planning agencies follow the format, guidance, and submission instructions as described in this document. In instances in which these instructions are not followed, LCI reserves the right to request a planning agency to resubmit an APR in the manner requested. If you have any questions, please contact the Planning and Land Use team at lci.apr@lci.ca.gov. 226 PC 03-09-2026 226 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public BACKGROUND ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORTS (APRs) Government Code Section 65400 and 65700 mandates that all cities and counties submit an annual report on the status of the General Plan and progress in its implementation to their local legislative bodies, LCI, and the Housing and Community Development (HCD) by April 1 of each year. This guidance allows flexibility so jurisdictions can account for their local contexts, resources, and constraints. Please note, jurisdictions are required to submit APRs to HCD to report on progress relevant to their Housing Element, and to LCI for progress related to their General Plan. This guidance only reflects requirements for LCI’s APR. Jurisdictions can find HCD guidance here. PURPOSE OF THE APR The APR provides local legislative bodies and the public with information regarding the implementation of the General Plan for their city or county. APRs also inform the public of the progress in meeting the community’s goals. APRs must be presented to the local legislative body for its review and acceptance, usually as a consent or discussion item on a regular meeting agenda. Therefore, the APR should provide enough information for decision-makers to assess how the General Plan was implemented during the 12-month reporting period, either calendar year or fiscal year. More specifically, APRs should explain how land use decisions relate to adopted goals, policies, and implementation measures of the General Plan. The APRs should provide enough information to identify necessary "course adjustments" or modifications to the General Plan and means to improve local implementation. 227 PC 03-09-2026 227 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public HOUSING ELEMENT APR State law requires that all General Plans include a Housing Element that provides a plan for accommodating future housing production needs. State law further requires that all cities and counties create an APR that describes that community’s progress toward implementing their Housing Element. The Housing Element APR must be delivered to LCI and HCD by April 1 of each year and must cover the previous calendar year1. Effective 2019, all jurisdictions, including charter cities, must submit a General Plan APR and Housing Element APR. Updated instructions and standardized forms for submitting the Housing Element APR can be found at the following HCD website: (https://www.hcd.ca.gov/annual-progress-reports). The Housing Element APR fulfills statutory requirements to report certain housing information, including: the local agency's progress in meeting its share of regional housing needs (i.e., applications, entitlements, permits, and certificates of occupancy), certain rezoning activities, actions taken towards completion of housing element programs, and local efforts to remove governmental constraints to the development of housing (Government Codes Sections 65584.3(c) and 65584.5(b)(5)). HOW THE STATE USES THE GENERAL PLAN APR and HOUSING ELEMENT APR The General Plan APR allows LCI to identify statewide trends in land use decision-making and how local planning and development activities relate to statewide planning goals and policies. APRs may also inform future modifications to LCI’s General Plan Guidelines and other technical advisory documents. In addition, LCI can track progress on a local jurisdiction's comprehensive General Plan update using the information provided in the APR. Similarly, the Housing Element APR allows HCD to track the progress of the implementation of a jurisdiction’s Housing Element and requires its submission as a threshold requirement for several state housing funding programs. 228 PC 03-09-2026 228 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public FORMAT GUIDANCE LCI strongly encourages following the recommendations described below. Reporting on planning activities related to the General Plan is required even when a city or county may be undertaking a General Plan comprehensive update. Therefore, the status of these activities should still be reported to local legislative bodies and to both LCI and HCD. General Contents Each jurisdiction should determine what locally relevant issues are important to include in the General Plan APR. The following are suggested contents for the report: 1. Introduction. 2. Table of Contents. 3. Date of presentation/acceptance by the local legislative body (agenda item or resolution). 4. The date of the last update to the General Plan2. 5. Measures associated with the implementation of the general plan with specific reference to an individual element. 6. Housing Element APR reporting requirements – Each jurisdiction is required to report certain housing information in accordance with state housing law (refer to Government Code Sections 65400, 65583, and 65584) and HCD's Housing Element guidelines (see https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/annual-progress- reports.shtml or email APR@hcd.ca.gov for more information). 7. The degree to which the General Plan complies with LCI’s General Plan Guidelines, including environmental justice considerations, collaborative planning with military lands and facilities, and consultation with tribal communities. 8. Priorities for land use decision-making that have been established by the local legislative body (e.g., the passage of moratoria or emergency ordinances). 229 PC 03-09-2026 229 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public 9. Goals, policies, objectives, standards, or other plan proposals that need to be added or were deleted, amended or otherwise adjusted. 10. One or more lists of the following, including reference to the specific general plan element or policy, status (i.e., approved/denied, initiated/ongoing/completed, etc.), and a brief comment on how each advanced the implementation of the General Plan during the past year: a. Planning activities initiated – These may include but are not limited to, master plans, specific plans, master environmental assessments, annexation studies, and other studies or plans. b. General Plan amendments3 – These may include agency-driven as well as applicant-driven amendments. c. Major development applications processed. Additional Content The following are additional suggestions to make the APR a more comprehensive tool for illustrating planning and development activities within the jurisdiction. Some jurisdictions may not have the resources to address them annually. However, they are mentioned here as examples of how some jurisdictions have effectively incorporated other types of information into their APRs. Cities and counties may incorporate this information into their APRs, where available and as deemed appropriate. 1. Review of: a. Interagency or intergovernmental coordination efforts and identify areas for improvement. This may include participation in a regional blueprint or partnerships with state or federal programs. b. The implementation of mitigation measures from the General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report or Negative Declaration. c. Equity planning considerations of the General Plan, such as impacts on particular ethnic or socioeconomic population groups (i.e., environmental justice issues). 2. Summarize efforts to: 230 PC 03-09-2026 230 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public a. Promote infill development, reuse, and redevelopment particularly in underserved areas while preserving cultural and historic resources. b. Protect environmental and agricultural resources and other natural resources. c. Encourage efficient development patterns. 3. Describe the jurisdiction's strategy for: a. Economic development – Depending on the needs of your jurisdiction, this analysis could include information on the ratio of jobs to dwelling units, tax revenues, demographics, census information, etc. b. Monitoring long-term growth – For example: population growth, employment growth, land use development, and the provision of adequate supporting public services and infrastructure. 4. Other actions: a. Outline department goals, objectives, activities, and responsibilities, as they relate to land use planning. b. Perform a regional or sub-regional outlook of population growth, housing, job generation, and other socioeconomic trends. c. Summarize the comments of other boards and commissions on the general plan implementation. d. Identify and monitor customer service improvements and methods to encourage public involvement in planning activities. e. Review and summarize grant administration for land use planning activities. f. Provide a technology review such as the implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or the establishment of websites. Submission Instructions 231 PC 03-09-2026 231 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public Jurisdictions must submit a General Plan and Housing Element APR to both LCI and HCD by April 1. If an agency does not follow the instructions listed, LCI reserves the right to request a resubmittal of the APRs. Submitting the General Plan APR To LCI: LCI will only accept General Plan APRs via the General Plan Annual Progress Report (APR) Submission Form.Use this online form to submit the 2025 General Plan APRs. The form asks the following questions: 1. Appropriate contact information (name, department, email, phone number) 2. Agency and jurisdiction information (agency name, website, name of planning director or equivalent, title of planning director or equivalent, email, phone, street address) 3. Jurisdiction type (city, county, city/county) 4. Name of jurisdiction (city name, county name) 5. Reporting period type of General Plan APR being submitted (fiscal or calendar) 6. Reporting period of General Plan APR being submitted 7. Date of presentation or acceptance of GP APR to local legislative body. Planned dates are acceptable as well. 8. Resubmittal (yes, no) 9. Reporting period of resubmittal 10. Required element update information (initial adoption year, adoption of most recent update, [optional] expected adoption year of update in progress, [optional] launch year of intended update) 11. General Plan APR Submission (as a file or as a hyperlink—NOT GOOGLE DOCS OR DROPBOX) 12. Housing Element APR Submission (as a file or as a hyperlink—NOT GOOGLE DOCS OR DROPBOX) 232 PC 03-09-2026 232 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public 13. OPTIONAL Feedback questions to rate GP APR process effectiveness, provide written feedback, share about data gaps faced by the jurisdiction, provide links to jurisdictions ’ land use maps, municipal code, and any additional planning mechanisms used to implement the General Plan  The General Plan APR should be in Microsoft Word (doc, docx) or PDF format, and submitted as one file. Please note, agencies should also be cognizant of the 16 MB file size limit. If you are unable to upload the General Plan APR, LCI will accept hyperlinks to your website where the APR is posted. Please note, LCI is unable to accept Google Doc and Dropbox hyperlinks. After completing the form, agency staff will see a confirmation message at the end. Please take a screenshot of this message for your own records. To HCD: A copy of the General Plan APR should also be submitted through the HCD APR online portal. To access the online system, email apr@hcd.ca.gov and request login information for your jurisdiction. An APR can also be emailed as an attachment in an MS Office application or PDF to apr@hcd.ca.gov. Submitting the Housing Element APR To HCD: HCD prefers the submittal of the Housing Element APR Excel workbook through its online portal system. Agencies can also submit the H ousing Element APR via email to apr@hcd.ca.gov with an attached Excel workbook. Do not send a scanned or PDF version of the form via the portal or email. For emailed Housing Element APRs, HCD will email a confirmation receipt within two weeks of submission. 233 PC 03-09-2026 233 of 267 State of California Governor’s Office of Land Use & Climate Innovation 1400 10th Street. Sacramento, California, 95814 info@lci.ca.gov| lci.ca.gov Governor Gavin Newsom Director Sam Assefa LCI - Public To LCI: Agencies should submit the same Housing Element APR Excel workbook screenshot to LCI in the appropriate question window, via the same online form as the GP APR. Please note, submitting the Housing Element APR to HCD will count as submission to both agencies. LCI does not certify the accuracy of the submission of the Housing Element APR to HCD or LCI. 234 PC 03-09-2026 234 of 267 2025 General Plan Annual Progress Report Date of presentation to City Council – March 17, 2026; Agenda Item “___” Date of the last update to the General Plan – May 2024 • Measures associated with the implementation of the General Plan with specific reference to an individual element – In 2025, the following measures were taken to implement the General Plan across various Elements of the General Plan. o Housing Element - The City has been implementing several Housing Element policies which are further described below in the Housing Element APR reporting requirements section and more extensively in Table E of HCD’s Housing Element APR (Exhibit 1). o Mobility Element –  Design and pre-construction work on the Wolfe Road interchange upgrade continued in 2025. This upgrade was contemplated with the 2014 General Plan update and has been in the works since 2016 with the passage of Measure B (which allows for funding for this upgrade). More information is available online here: https://www.vta.org/projects/i-280wolfe-road-interchange- improvements-project.  Design development on the Tamien Innu (Tamien trail along I-280) continued through 2025. Final design work and construction work is anticipated to begin in 2026. More details online at: https://www.cupertino.gov/Your- City/Departments/Public-Works/Transportation-Mobility/Projects/Tamien- Innu  The City has also been actively engaged in preparing the Active Transportation Plan (ATP) for which extensive public outreach has been conducted. This project is expected to be completed in 2026. More information is available at Cupertino.gov/atp. o Sustainability Element –  Implementation of new software to help manage municipal energy use, with tools for better insight into usage.  The City adopted a Reach Code that encourages installation of electric appliances, with approval from the CA Energy Commission and the CA Building Standards Commission. 235 PC 03-09-2026 235 of 267  Cupertino also met its 100% trash load reduction goal as required by the City’s Municipal Regional Permit (Stormwater) through the city’s stormwater system to the creeks. This was achieved over 15 years of work primarily through installation (both public and private) of small trash capture devices in storm drain inlets as well as on-land monitoring. o Health and Safety Element –  A comprehensive update to this element underway. Expected to be completed in 2026.  The City adopted the new Fire Hazard Severity Zones for Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) as recommended by the Department of California of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL Fire) in June 2025. o Recreation, Parks and Community Services –  Design development for the Lawrence Mitty Park continued through 2025. The land for the park was acquired in 2020 from the County of Santa Clara. More information about the Lawrence-Mitty Park may be found online at: Cupertino.gov/lawrencemitty. The Rancho Rinconada neighborhood, annexed in 1999 from the County of Santa Clara, was developed largely while in the county’s jurisdiction. The County did not implement requirements for parks at the time of development. However, some of the properties belong to the Rancho Rinconada Recreation District, which funds a community pool and recreation center at the south east corner of the City.  In addition to the design development for Lawrence Mitty Park, the City entered into negotiations with the Cupertino Union School District for acquisition of surplus school property adjoining Sedgwick Elementary School (Finch property) located in the eastern side of the City. This approximately 1.5 acre property acquired in 2017 by the school district is being considered for acquisition as parkland in compliance with the City’s policies. The Finch property, if acquired successfully, together with Lawrence-Mitty Park, Barnhart-Sterling Park, and the Rancho Rinconada pool and recreation center will add to recreation opportunities in the eastern side of the City. • Housing Element APR reporting requirements – The Housing Element is one of the elements which comprise the General Plan but has separate requirements for annual reporting and submission. With the approval of the City Council, staff will submit the 2025 APR for the General Plan and Housing Element to LCI and HCD to satisfy the City’s annual reporting requirements for implementation of each respective document. The Housing Element APR must be completed on forms provided by HCD. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65400, local governments must provide, each 236 PC 03-09-2026 236 of 267 year, an annual report for the previous calendar year to the legislative body (City Council), LCI, and HCD. HCD prepares the form template that cities must submit to comply with these statutory requirements. In past years, the report focused on building permits issued for new housing units by affordability and a text narrative on how housing policies in the Housing Element were implemented. Since 2018, and every year after that, various state laws have expanded reporting requirements. In addition to data that was historically significantly requested, additional requested data now includes, but is not limited to: address and APN of projects, date application deemed complete, date of entitlement approval, date of issuance of permits, and date of occupancy, tenure of units (ownership or rental), type of units (ADUs, single family attached/detached, 5+ units), Number of affordable units, level of affordability, length of affordability, financing utilized for unit/project, use of density bonus law, including which portions of the density bonus law are being utilized, description of waivers requested, incentives requested, parking reductions, and use of other state law provisions (such as SB35, AB2011, SB423, SB9 etc.), Justification of affordability of unit (inclusionary units or density bonus affordable units etc.). All required data and progress in implementing existing Housing Element policies and strategies has been reported on the requisite forms and will be submitted to HCD prior to April 1 as required by state law (See Exhibit 1). The City’s progress on meeting its Regional Housing Needs Analysis (RHNA) goals is identified in Table B of Exhibit 1. In the 2025 reporting period, the City issued 46 ADU permits and 34 non-ADU permits for a total of 80 building permits for new units. The following tables summarize the RHNA Generation by Developers (i.e. Building Permits issued in the 2025 reporting period) (see Table 1) and the Pipeline Entitlements in the City (see Table 2). TABLE 1: BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED BY INCOME CATEGORY DURING THE 2025 PERIOD Very Low (0-50% of AMI) (51-80% of Moderate (81-120% Above Moderate (> 120% AMI) Total Units Net New Units Entitled by City (Not Produced) (through 2025) 270 92 26 2,541 2,929 Building Permits Applied for by Developers and Issued by City 2025 17 18 19 57 111 2024 14 13 13 40 80 2023 and prior 10 10 29 128 177 Total RHNA Production 41 41 61 225 368 Balance 1,152 646 694 1,728 4,220 237 PC 03-09-2026 237 of 267 TABLE 2: PIPELINE ENTITLEMENTS APPROVED BY INCOME CATEGORY Very Low (0-50% of AMI) (51-80% Moderate (81-120% Above Moderate (> 120% AMI) Net New Total Building Permits Issued 41 41 61 225 368 RHNA balance 1,152 646 694 1,728 4,220 Projects Entitled through 2025 * (No Building Permits yet) Westport (The Oaks) – BP under review** - - - 136 136 The Rise (Vallco)*** 267 89 - 2,313 Toll Brothers 3 3 14 45 Summerhill I - - 12 47 Total Entitled by City 270 92 26 2,541 2,929 RHNA Balance**** ( ) 882 554 668 0***** 1,291 The Hamptons project approved with 7 LI, 30 Mod, and 563 Above-Mod units (Total 600 units.). Project entitlement ends in 2026. Not included in pipeline. ** Westport (The Oaks) has been approved for a slightly higher unit count (13 units more) in early 2025. *** The Rise was resubmitted as a modification in Dec. 2025 with the same unit count but with a much lower (20%) affordable component, as allowed under revisions to state law. Table reflects updated numbers. **** Even though the City will issue building permits for several hundred units over its RHNA requirement in the above moderate income level, RHNA Balance cannot be less than zero and unit generation in any one income level cannot be applied to other income levels. ***** Several previously entitled projects have expired – Marina Plaza 2.0, Canyon Crossing and Coach House. Both In addition to the data collected by HCD, HCD requires an update on the activity conducted in the implementation of the Housing Policies and Strategies in the General Plan. This is reflected in both Attachment 1 and Attachment 2 (Table D). The City continues to support the production of housing, particularly affordable housing, by providing technical support and guidance. It also continues to implement its local Below Market Rate (BMR) Housing Program and the Non-residential BMR program. The City continues to allocate Community Development Block Group (CDBG) funds, Human Service Grant (HSG) funds and BMR Affordable Housing Fund (BMR AHF) funds to eligible and deserving projects and expenses. Furthermore, affordable housing programs and development projects are supplemented with City funding administered by the County of Santa Clara through the HOME Investment Partnerships fund and the Permanent Local Housing Allocation (PLHA) fund. As identified in the Housing Element, the City is committed to completing several strategies to implement policies as needed to support affordable housing production, to enable preservation of affordable housing units, and to bolster protections of low- income residents. Some key actions of the 2025 year included: • Executed a Memorandum of Understanding for the West Valley Shelter Feasibility Study 238 PC 03-09-2026 238 of 267 • Committed funding to support two affordable housing projects: the Mary Ave Affordable housing project, which is planned to produce 40 units, with 19 very low-income units, 20 extremely low-income units, and 1 manager unit. Within the affordable unit mix, 19 units will be reserved for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities; and the Wolf Rd Educator housing project, which is planned to produce 249 units built across two phases. The first phase will be 101 units of mixed-income housing for school district employees, with approximately 34 low income units and 67 moderate income units. The second phase will be 148 units, with 60 very low-income units, 86 low-income units, and 2 manager units. The Mary Ave project was awarded $3,000,000 in the BMR AHF fund, $908,683 in the PLHA fund, and $174,567.37 in the CDBG fund; and the Wolf Rd project was awarded $1,083,200 in the BMR AHF fund. • Adoption of a Below Market Rate Anti-Displacement policy (Resolution 25-051), which amended the BMR Admin Manual, giving highest priority to tenants of expiring BMR rental units reapplying to the program waitlist to be rehoused, and created an expedited application for the process. Furthermore, the BMR Agreement for the Vallco RISE Project, which is expected to produce 356 affordable units, was amended to include a provision that tenants of BMR units with expiring affordability covenants would receive the highest priority for leasing. • Reviewed local responses to various executive orders related to public camping bans, encampment abatement, and services related to the unhoused through the Housing Commission. • Made recommendations to City Council to increase local funding to housing programs in light of federal funding uncertainties. • Explored the possibility of implementing a home sharing program. • Studied possible tenant protection and anti-displacement strategies through the Housing Commission to recommend to City Council. • Successfully conducting several Housing Element related outreach initiatives including: o The Affordable Housing Developer Forum (development, production) o The West Valley Housing Resource Fair (fair housing, tenant protection) o Sacred Land, Shared Futures Workshop (faith-based organizations) o Several email outreach blasts and updates to the Outreach Master List (commercial property owners, employers, schools/school districts) In 2026, staff anticipates executing a CDBG loan extension to extend affordability covenants at Greenwood Court (4 units), presenting the findings of the West Valley Shelter Feasibility Study to City Council for endorsement, a public hearing for an 239 PC 03-09-2026 239 of 267 implementation plan for various tenant protection and anti-displacement initiatives for Council’s consideration, evaluating impact fees and the Park Land Ordinance (which may be a constraint to housing development particularly for higher density developments anticipated on several Priority Housing Sites), developing objective design standards for multi-family and mixed-use projects, and conducting outreach to various community stakeholders on interest for affordable housing redevelopment. • The degree to which the General Plan complies with LCI’s General Plan Guidelines, including environmental justice considerations, collaborative planning with military lands and facilities, and consultation with tribal communities. The City’s General Plan includes all required elements identified in the state law (land use, circulation, housing, conservation, open space, noise, and safety). The City’s General Plan includes optional elements for Infrastructure, while the Noise Element is incorporated in the Health and Safety Element of the General Plan. This existing structure of the elements is adequate under state law. While the Land use, Circulation, Housing, Conservation, and Noise elements, are up to date, the City is in the process of updating the Health and Safety Element, which was required to be completed due to the adoption of the 6th Cycle Housing Element. This project is anticipated to be completed in 2026. While the update to the Health and Safety Element did not anticipate many edits to the Noise Element portion of the Chapter, edits have been proposed to this section of the General Plan as well. The public draft of the Health and Safety Element has recently been made available for review on the project website online at: https://www.cupertino.gov/Your- City/Departments/Community-Development/Planning/Major-Projects/Health-and- Safety-Element-Update. Additionally, SB1425, passed in 2022, requires all cities and counties to update their Open Space Element by January 1, 2026 1. The update must incorporate actionable plans for equitable access to open space, climate resilience, and rewilding opportunities, closely coordinated with land use, safety, and environmental justice (where applicable) elements. However, due to staffing limitations and high volume of development projects on short timelines in state law, this effort has not been undertaken yet. This effort chould be included in the City Council’s future work program. • Priorities for land use decision-making that have been established by the local legislative body (e.g., the passage of moratoria or emergency ordinances). There are no priorities for land use decision-making established by the City Council. • Goals, policies, objectives, standards, or other plan proposals that need to be added or were deleted, amended or otherwise adjusted. 1 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1425 240 PC 03-09-2026 240 of 267 In December 2025, the City’s inventory of Priority Housing Sites in the 6th Cycle Housing Element became insufficient to accommodate the City’s unmet Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) by each income category, as required by Govt. Code Section 65863 (SB166, 2017)2. This insufficiency is a violation of Housing Element law. As a result, the City has 180 days from December 16, 2025, to identify additional sites or invoke other strategies allowable by state law to ensure that the Priority Housing Sites list is sufficient to accommodate the City’s unmet RHNA by income category. Identification of a scope of work and early work on this action has been initiated. It is anticipated that more information will be presented to the Commission and Council in early 2026. Issues to consider about this situation have been outlined in an informational memo to Council which is available online here: Housing Element No Net Loss Requirements. It should be noted that while development of townhomes (typically at densities between 17 – 22 du/ac) is lucrative for developers in the City and is at a lower, more acceptable density for the community, these lower densities may continue to contribute and push the City into insufficient capacity by income level for purposes of state law and/or require the City to continue to find new, and potentially more, sites for development as housing through the 6th Cycle (and beyond). Development at densities upwards of 85 or 100 du/ac – similar to the Hanover development being proposed at 19220 and 19300 Stevens Creek Blvd, with 363 units on 2.67 acres – appear to be continuing to move forward. Such higher density development with smaller unit sizes than single family sized townhomes, located along the City’s major transportation corridors, will help the City meet the lower income RHNA numbers. Additionally, it should be noted that state law continues to water down local agencies ability to implement their Below Market Rate (BMR) Program requirements (which they are required to by their Housing Elements) and, essentially, allowing developers to choose to pay out their BMR affordability requirements, or forcing cities to accept lower affordable requirements outlined by state law. These are issues that the City must grapple with when addressing the no-net loss situation. • One or more lists of the following, including reference to the specific general plan element or policy, status (i.e., approved/denied, initiated/ongoing/completed, etc.), and a brief comment on how each advanced the implementation of the General Plan during the past year: • Planning activities initiated – These may include but are not limited to, master plans, specific plans, master environmental assessments, annexation studies, and other studies or plans. No new planning activities, as defined in this section, have been initiated in 2025. However, the City’s Planning staff worked on several Municipal Code amendments in 2025, which were adopted by Council, related to Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) and consistency with SB 450. 2 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=65863.&lawCode=GOV 241 PC 03-09-2026 241 of 267 • General Plan amendments – These may include agency-driven as well as applicant-driven amendments. No new General Plan amendments have been initiated or proposed in 2025. • Major development applications processed – No commercial/non-residential projects have been proposed or approved in 2025. Several housing development projects have been applied for and process in 2025, particularly since adoption of the Housing Element. The following projects have been received and/or are being processed in 2025: Location and Project Description Status Builder’s Remedy/ Density Bonus? 1. 21267 Stevens Creek Boulevard (Westport (former Oaks) – 136 senior assisted living units  Modification of previous entitlement to increase unit count by 13 units  Project approved on May 6,  General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Stevens Creek Blvd (Pizza Hut/ Fontana’s/Staples) – 59 townhomes with 12  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on January 29, 2024.  Formal Application filed July 22, 2024.  Project approved in July 2025  General Plan density compliant at time of SB330 Preliminary Application submittal.  Density Bonus waivers and townhomes, including 11 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on February 14, 2024.  Formal Application filed July 31, 2024.  Project approved Dec. 16, 2025.  General Plan density compliant at time of SB330 Preliminary Application submittal.  Density Bonus waivers and former McDonald Dorsa quarry, APN 356 05 007) – 30 homes, including six affordable units, and a  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on February 20, 2024.  Formal Application submitted August 16, 2024.  Utilizing BR provisions of HAA for standards, including density and land use (commercial use proposed on residential property). Scofield Ave) – 20 condos including 4 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on February 21, 2024.  Formal Application submitted  Utilizing BR provisions of HAA for standards, including density and land use 20883 Stevens Creek Boulevard (Stevens Creek Office Center/Panera Bread) – 139 units, including 28 affordable units, mix of single  SB330 Preliminary Application filed on April 1, 2024.  Formal Application submitted September 25, 2024.  Project anticipated to be heard in early 2026.  General Plan density compliant at time of SB330 Preliminary Application submittal.  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. 242 PC 03-09-2026 242 of 267 Location and Project Description Status Builder’s Remedy/ Density Bonus? 7. 20085 Stevens Creek Blvd (Office buildings) - 55 townhomes, including 11 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on June 27, 2024.  Formal Application submitted on December 19, 2024.  Project anticipated to be heard in  General Plan density compliant at time of SB330 Preliminary Application submittal.  Partial Priority Housing Site  Density Bonus waivers and including two affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on July 15, 2024.  Formal Application submitted  Utilizes BR provisions of HAA for standards, including density. townhomes, including 4 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on October 8, 2024.  Formal Application submitted on October 17, 2024.  Project hearings possibly in 2026.  General Plan density compliant.  Priority Housing site.  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Linda Vista) – 51 townhomes, including 11 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on October 9, 2024  Formal Application submitted on December 18, 2024.  Project anticipated to be heard in  General Plan density compliant.  Priority Housing site.  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Blvd (Office Buildings) – 32 townhomes, including 6 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on February 13, 2025.  Formal Application submitted on March 3, 2025.   General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Property) – 39 affordable plus one manager unit  Formal Application submitted on April 3, 2025.  Project anticipated to be heard in  General Plan density compliant  Priority Housing site.  Density Bonus waivers and Rd/Homestead Townhomes (existing SFR) – 12 townhomes, including one affordable unit  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on December 6, 2024.  Formal Application submitted on April 29, 2025.  Project anticipated to be heard in  General Plan density compliant  Priority Housing Site  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Wolfe Road Teacher Housing/Eden Housing (parking lot) – 250 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on June 26, 2025.  Formal Application submitted on June 26, 2025.  Project anticipated to be heard in  General Plan density compliant  Priority Housing Site  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. 243 PC 03-09-2026 243 of 267 Location and Project Description Status Builder’s Remedy/ Density Bonus? 15. 1655 S. De Anza Blvd Townhomes/Dividend Homes IV (Coach House) – 35 townhomes, including 5  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on September 12, 2025.  Formal Application submitted  General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Market) – 8 SFR, 6 townhomes, 15 condos,  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on June 26, 2025.  Formal Application submitted  General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Bandley Dr) – 27 townhomes, including 5 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on January 24, 2025.  Formal Application submitted  General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. De Anza Blvd) -104 townhomes, including 11 affordable units  SB330 Preliminary Application submitted on June 24, 2025.  Formal Application submitted  General Plan density compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested. Center) – 2,669 units, including 356 affordable units, 226ksf retail and ~1.5mn sf office  Modification submitted December 1, 2025  Review and decision by February 27, 2026  General Plan density as of 2018 compliant  Density Bonus waivers and incentives requested  Continues to utilize SB35 (and In all, the City has entitled 127 net new residential units in 2025, not including the 136 senior assisted living units previously approved at Westport, which was the subject of their modification application. The City has been reviewing projects which could generate ~3,500 residential units (including the previously approved Rise project, which is in the process of being modified by the applicant). These units account for a 16.67% increase in the total unit count in the City. Excluding the Rise, the remaining various proposals that could add 828 new residential units. Additional Content: LCI’s memo about General Plan reporting includes additional suggestions to make the APR a more comprehensive tool for illustrating planning and development activities within the jurisdiction. While not all jurisdictions, including Cupertino, do not have the resources to address them annually, they are mentioned as examples of how some jurisdictions have effectively incorporated other types of information into their APRs. Cities and counties may incorporate this information into their APRs, where available and as deemed appropriate. Where information was available, it has been provided below. 244 PC 03-09-2026 244 of 267 • Review of interagency or intergovernmental coordination efforts and identify areas for improvement. This may include participation in a regional blueprint or partnerships with State or Federal programs. Cupertino’s General Plan includes several policies related to participation in regional planning efforts. To this end, Cupertino routinely coordinates with regional agencies on Planning, Transportation, Water Conservation, Stormwater Pollution, and other efforts. This includes participation in the Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative – a regional planning collaboration, with particular emphasis on Housing Element implementation and finding ways to leverage technical expertise and funds at a regional level to further shared housing policies. Housing Division staff also collaborate in a regional effort to specifically address housing related issues in a regional housing group, which is coordinated by Santa Clara County staff. The City staff in Planning and Transportation participates and collaborates with the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) on working groups where technical expertise in land use and transportation is shared to inform any regional initiatives to leverage costs and region-wide improvements, including as it relates to any Greenhouse Gas emission reduction programs, Vehicles Miles Traveled modeling and related issues. Staff in the Environmental Services Division participates in regional efforts the Santa Clara Valley Water has related to drought tolerance, water conservation and stormwater pollution. • Review of the implementation of mitigation measures from the General Plan Final Environmental Impact Report or Negative Declaration. All mitigation measures that were identified in the 2014 General Plan EIR and the Environmental Assessment prepared for the 6th Cycle Housing Element Update are added as conditions of approval of project review and implemented during Building permit review. These include conditions related to Air Pollution, Cultural Resources, Noise and Biological Resources. • Review of equity planning considerations of the General Plan, such as impacts on ethnic or socioeconomic population groups (i.e., environmental justice issues). While there are equity related Housing Element policies, which the City is implementing, there are no AB1000 related environmental justice issues/census tracts identified in Cupertino. • Efforts to promote infill development, reuse, and redevelopment particularly in underserved areas while preserving cultural and historic resources. All areas of Cupertino are identified to be in Very High or High Resource areas. As a result, this is not applicable to the City. • Efforts to protect environmental and agricultural resources and other natural resources. The City has adequate zoning in place to protect existing open spaces and few remaining agricultural resources within the City. • Efforts to encourage efficient development patterns. Cupertino does not have green fields available for development. The City continues to promote infill development by identifying the bulk of its Priority Housing Sites along transportation corridors that 245 PC 03-09-2026 245 of 267 are occupied by underperforming non-residential uses. The City approved three residential developments in 2025, including a modification to a previously approved project at the former Oaks Shopping Center (Westport) which included an increase in the number of housing units being provided. Overall, the City has reduced non- residential uses by over 100,000 square feet with these three projects. In addition, the City Council and Planning Commission identified a few large sites within neighborhoods that were either vacant or occupied one single family home. Four of these sites already have interest and have projects proposed or anticipated on them – these include the sites at Evulich Court (anticipated hearings in February and March 2026), and McClellan Road (possible Fall 2026 hearings). • Identify and monitor customer service improvements and methods to encourage public involvement in planning activities. In addition to the review of Planning and building permits, which involved its own meetings and outreach and phone inquiries from members of the public, Planning staff has responded to over 1,600 public counter inquiries in person, over 175 virtual appointment inquiries, 2,700 phone inquiries and over 2,000 discrete email inquiries from members of the public. Staff continues to work toward responding efficiently and promptly to all public inquiries, while ensuring that state mandated deadlines are met on housing development projects increasing. State mandates on timelines related to housing projects continues to place pressure on staff to review and respond to projects in a timely manner, particularly with the introduction of new California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) exemptions with broad applicability over infill projects, which have very tight deadlines related to tribal consultations, project review and hearing schedules. The City has a Work Program item related to notification for projects, which it will attempt to complete within the next fiscal year. 246 PC 03-09-2026 246 of 267 Jurisidiction Name Reporting Calendar Year First Name Last Name Title Click here to download APR Instructions Email Phone Street Address City Zipcode v_11_24_25 Please Start Here General Information 2025 Cupertino Contact Information Optional: Click here to import last year's data. This is best used when the workbook is new and empty. You will be prompted to pick an old workbook to import from. Project and program data will be copied exactly how it was entered in last year's form and must be updated. If a project is no longer has any reportable activity, you may delete the project by selecting a cell in the row and typing ctrl + d. c ere o a rows o a a e. you a oo many rows, you may select a cell in the row you wish to remove and type ctrl + d. 10300 Torre Ave Cupertino 95014 Luke Connolly Assistant Director of Community Development LukeC@cupertino.gov 4087771275 Mailing Address Annual Progress Report January 202024 7 PC 03-09-2026 247 of 267 Optiona : T is runs a macro w ic c ec s to ensure a require ie s are i e out. T e macro will create two files saved in the same directory this APR file is saved in. One file will be a copy of the APR with highlighted cells which require information. The other file will be list of the problematic cells, along with a description of the nature of the error. Optional: Save before running. This copies data on Table A2, and creates another workbook with the table split across 4 tabs, each of which can fit onto a single page for easier printing. Running this macro will remove the comments on the column headers, which contain the instructions. Do not save the APR file after running in order to preserve comments once it is Optional: This macro identifies dates entered that occurred outside of the reporting year. RHNA credit is only given for building permits issued during the reporting year. Link to the online system:https://hcd.my.site.com/hcdconnect Toggles formatting that turns cells green/yellow/red based on data validation rules. Submittal Instructions Please save your file as Jurisdictionname2025 (no spaces). Example: the City of San Luis Obispo would save their file as SanLuisObispo2025 Housing Element Annual Progress Reports (APRs) forms and tables must be submitted to HCD and the Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR) on or before April 1 of each year for the prior calendar year; submit separate reports directly to both HCD and OPR pursuant to Government Code section 65400. There are two options for submitting APRs: 1. Online Annual Progress Reporting System - Please see the link to the online system to the left. This allows you to upload the completed APR form into directly into HCD’s database limiting the risk of errors. If you would like to use the online system, email APR@hcd.ca.gov and HCD will send you the login information for your jurisdiction. Please note: Using the online system only provides the information to HCD. The APR must still be submitted to OPR. Their email address is opr.apr@opr.ca.gov. 2. Email - If you prefer to submit via email, you can complete the excel Annual Progress Report forms and submit to HCD at APR@hcd.ca.gov and to OPR at opr.apr@opr.ca.gov. Please send the Excel workbook, not a scanned or PDF copy of the tables. 248 PC 03-09-2026 248 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Reporting Year 2025 Housing Element Planning Period 6th Cycle Current Year Deed Restricted 0 Non-Deed Restricted 0 Deed Restricted 0 Non-Deed Restricted 0 Deed Restricted 0 Non-Deed Restricted 17 Deed Restricted 0 Non-Deed Restricted 18 Deed Restricted 1 Non-Deed Restricted 18 57 111 Units by Structure Type Entitled Permitted Completed Single-family Attached 0 7 23 Single-family Detached 5 45 31 2 to 4 units per structure 0 0 0 5+ units per structure 20 0 0 Accessory Dwelling Unit 3 59 48 Mobile/Manufactured Hom 0 0 0 Total 28 111 102 Infill Housing Developments and Infill Units Permitte # of Projects Units 111 111 0 0 113 3,195 2,768 0 0 0 Income Rental Ownership Total Acutely Lo 0 0 0 Extremely Lo 0 0 0 Very Lo 0 0 0 Low 0 0 0 Moderate 0 0 0 bove Moderate 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 Streamlining Provisions Used - Permitted Units # of Projects Units SB 9 (2021) - Duplex in SF Zon 0 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot Spli 3 3 B 2011 (2022)0 0 SB 6 (2022)0 0 SB 423 (2023)0 0 Ministerial and Discretionary Application # of Units Ministeria 96 2780 Discretionar 17 415 Density Bonus Applications and Units Permitte Number of Applications Submitted Requesting a Density Bonus 12 Number of Units in Applications Submitted Requesting a Density Bonus 3077 Number of Projects Permitted with a Density Bonus 0 Number of Units in Projects Permitted with a Density Bonu 0 Housing Element Programs Implemented and Sites Rezoned Count 64 0 Total Housing Applications Submitted Number of Proposed Units in All Applications Received: Total Housing Units Approved Total Housing Units Disapproved Total Units Housing Applications Summar Use of SB 423 Streamlining Provisions - Application Number of SB 423 Streamlining Applications Above Moderate Indicated as Infill Not Indicated as Infill Building Permits Issued by Affordability Summar Income Level Programs Implemented Sites Rezoned to Accommodate the RHNA (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Units Constructed - SB 423 Streamlining Permit Number of SB 423 Streamlining Applications Approve Very Low Low Moderate Acutely Low Extremely Low 249 PC 03-09-2026 249 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Note: "+" indicates an optional field Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Date Application Submitted Total Approved Units by Project Total Disapproved Units by Project Streamlining Historic Sites Application Status Project Type Notes 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 Prior APN+Current APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID Unit Category (SFA,SFD,2 to 4,5+,ADU,MH) Tenure R=Renter O=Owner Date Application Submitted (see instructions) Acutely Low- Income Deed Restricted Acutely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Extremely Low-Income Deed Restricted Extremely Low-Income Non Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low-Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Total PROPOSED Units by Project Total APPROVED Units by project Total DISAPPROVE D Units by Project Please select state streamlining provision/s the application was submitted pursuant to. Is this project located on a site with an associated historical designation as outlined in Government Code Section 65400(a)(2)(N) and reported on Table L? Did the housing development application seek incentives or concessions pursuant to Government Code section 65915? Were incentives or concessions requested pursuant to Government Code section 65915 approved? Please indicate the status of the application. Is the project considered a ministerial project or discretionary project? Notes+ Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below 0 0 17 0 209 24 884 24 90 24 1923 3195 2768 0 316 02 056 316 02 056 10511 Randy Ln MMP-2025-002 SFD O 8/24/2025 1 1 1 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot No No N/A Approved Ministerial 375 24 002 375 24 002 10430 Sterling Blvd MMP-2024-004 SFD O 5/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Ministerial SFH ro osed under SB9 316 21 068 316 21 068 10181 Blich Pl R-2025-001, RM 2025-002 SFD O 4/16/2025 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Discretionary pro ec nc u es an wo ADUs in the same site (3 units total 316 21 069 316 21 069 10181 Blich Pl R-2025-001, RM 2025-002 ADU R 4/16/2025 2 2 2 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 316 23 095 316 23 095 20045 Stevens Creek Blvd Dividend II ASA-2025-004, DP-2025-005, PR-2025-010 5+ O 6/18/2025 6 26 32 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 327 19 100 327 19 100 21853 Oakview Ln RM-2025- 001,TR-2025- 020 ADU R 2/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Ministerial 327 19 100 327 19 100 21853 Oakview Ln RM-2025- 001,TR-2025- 020 SFD O 2/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Discretionary 326 27 053 326 27 053 10300 Torre Ave Mary Ave Affordable Housing ASA-2025-006 5+ R 9/4/2025 17 15 7 1 40 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 326 28 061 326 28 061 21130 Grenola D RM-2025-013 SFD O 6/20/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Discretionary 342 16 102 342 16 102 22620 Alcalde Rd ASA-2025-010 2 to 4 O 12/11/2025 2 2 NONE No No N/A Pending Discretionary 357 12 035 357 12 035 10434 Byrne ve RM-2025-020 SFD O 9/8/2025 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Discretionary 357 12 035 357 12 035 10434 Byrne ve RM-2025-020 ADU R 9/8/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 15 030 357 15 030 21858 Almaden ve R-2025-002 SFD O 10/16/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Discretionary 366 03 062 367 03 062 11841 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-001 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 367 03 062 368 03 062 11842 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-002 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 368 03 062 369 03 062 11843 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-003 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 369 03 062 370 03 062 11844 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-004 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 370 03 062 371 03 062 11845 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-005 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 371 03 062 372 03 062 11846 Upland Way ASA-2025-001, TM-2025-001, EXC-2025-001, TR-2025-006 SFD O 1/10/2025 1 1 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary 365 10 126, 36610 061 366 10 126, 36610 061 1654 S De Anza Blvd, 7357 Prospect Rd Dividend Homes ASA-2025-014, TM-2025-006, TR-2025-029 5+ O 12/16/2025 11 46 57 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary Formal complete letter sent out in January 2026, application submitted December 2025 326 33 097 327 33 097 10268 Brandley Dr Summerhill Homes ASA-2025-016 5+ O 12/23/2025 5 22 27 NONE No Yes N/A Pending Discretionary Formal complete letter sent out in January 2026, application submitted December 2026 375 24 002 10430 Sterling Blvd MMP-2024-004 ADU R 5/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Ministerial DU on the second floor of new two-stor house 357 15 030 21858 Almaden ve R-2025-002 ADU R 10/16/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Approved Ministerial DU on the second floor of new two-stor house 357 01 038 357 01 038 10149 CASS PL BLD-2025-3024 DU R 11/24/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 326 22 012 326 22 012 10211 SANTA CLARA AVE BLD-2025-2116 SFD O 9/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 22 012 326 22 012 10211 SANTA CLARA AVE BLD-2025-2117 ADU R 9/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 22 027 326 22 027 10215 SANTA CLARA AVE BLD-2025-2009 SFD O 8/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 22 027 326 22 027 10215 SANTA CLARA AVE BLD-2025-2011 ADU R 8/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 25 064 375 25 064 10220 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-1628 SFD O 7/9/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 25 064 375 25 064 10220 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-1629 ADU R 7/10/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 08 052 357 08 052 10234 SCENIC BLVD BLD-2025-3282 SFD O 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 08 052 357 08 052 10234 SCENIC BLVD BLD-2025-3283 SFD O 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 08 052 357 08 052 10234 SCENIC BLVD BLD-2025-3284 ADU R 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 16 018 375 16 018 10285 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2025-3188 SFD O 12/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 16 018 375 16 018 10285 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2025-3189 ADU R 12/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 13 116 326 13 116 10288 VISTA KNOLL BLVD BLD-2025-2835 ADU R 10/31/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 15 041 375 15 041 10349 MENHART LN BLD-2025-1351 ADU R 6/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 02 051 357 02 051 10370 PALO VISTA RD BLD-2025-1692 ADU R 7/16/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 14 027 375 14 027 10370 STERN VE BLD-2025-2352 ADU R 9/25/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 04 051 362 04 051 1038 CRANBERRY DR BLD-2025-1266 ADU R 5/23/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 10 003 375 10 003 10394 JUDY AVE BLD-2025-2204 DU R 9/10/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 326 48 016 326 48 016 10415 DEMPSTER VE BLD-2025-2668 ADU R 10/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 10 001 375 10 001 10422 JUDY AVE BLD-2025-3243 SFD O 12/17/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 09 018 375 09 018 10465 MORETTI DR BLD-2025-0811 SFD O 4/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 09 018 375 09 018 10465 MORETTI DR BLD-2025-0811 ADU R 4/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 369 26 036 369 26 036 10470 DAVISON VE BLD-2025-2010 ADU R 8/20/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 07 008 357 07 008 10472 SCENIC CIR BLD-2025-1769 ADU R 7/24/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 35 071 326 35 071 10485 PHAR LAP DR BLD-2025-3281 SFD O 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 37 021 375 37 021 10510 S TANTAU VE BLD-2025-2928 ADU R 11/13/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 19 007 359 19 007 10597 JOHN WAY BLD-2025-1981 SFD O 8/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 28 024 375 28 024 10640 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-0182 SFD O 1/14/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 34 026 375 34 026 10672 CULBERTSON DR BLD-2025-3261 SFD O 12/18/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 34 026 375 34 026 10672 CULBERTSON DR BLD-2025-3263 ADU R 12/18/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 31 051 375 31 051 10691 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-3178 SFD O 12/12/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 31 051 375 31 051 10691 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-3179 ADU R 12/12/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 29 002 375 29 002 10731 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2025-1044 ADU R 4/30/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 369 21 036 369 21 036 10780 BROOKWELL DR BLD-2025-2143 ADU R 9/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 02 014 326 02 014 10881 MAXINE VE BLD-2025-0736 SFD O 3/25/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 16 024 362 16 024 1089 NOVEMBER DR BLD-2025-2120 ADU R 9/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 356 14 016 356 14 016 10895 DRYDEN VE BLD-2025-0405 ADU R 2/12/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 17 012 362 17 012 10917 FESTIVAL DR BLD-2025-0800 ADU R 4/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 28 016 362 28 016 1134 SCOTLAND DR BLD-2025-0549 SFD O 3/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 25 014 375 25 014 18620 RALYA CT BLD-2025-2290 SFD O 9/18/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 25 014 375 25 014 18620 RALYA CT BLD-2025-2291 DU R 9/18/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 26 037 375 26 037 18641 BARNHART VE BLD-2025-3278 SFD O 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 13 013 375 13 013 18784 ARATA WA BLD-2025-2344 SFD O 9/24/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 13 013 375 13 013 18784 ARATA WA BLD-2025-2344 ADU R 9/24/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 13 005 375 13 005 18880 ARATA WA BLD-2025-1281 SFD O 5/27/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 13 005 375 13 005 18880 ARATA WA BLD-2025-1281 ADU R 5/27/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 35 015 375 35 015 18980 NEWSOM VE BLD-2025-0369 SFD O 2/6/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 35 015 375 35 015 18980 NEWSOM VE BLD-2025-0369 ADU R 2/6/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 09 008 375 09 008 19016 TILSON BLD-2025-1323 DU R 5/29/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 07 009 375 07 009 19133 ANNE LN BLD-2025-2565 DU R 10/8/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 07 009 375 07 009 19133 ANNE LN BLD-2025-2566 DU R 10/8/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 37 001 375 37 001 19141 MEIGGS LN BLD-2025-0765 SFD O 3/27/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 37 001 375 37 001 19141 MEIGGS LN BLD-2025-0765 ADU R 3/27/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 316 32 005 316 32 005 19701 AUBURN DR BLD-2025-3203 ADU R 12/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 316 31 007 316 31 007 19920 PEAR TREE LN BLD-2025-3312 ADU R 12/23/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 369 01 069 369 01 069 20350 STEVENS CREEK BLVD BLD-2025-1920 ADU R 8/11/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 33 023 326 33 023 20696 HANFORD DR BLD-2025-1984 SFD O 8/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 09 014 359 09 014 20711 SCOFIELD DR BLD-2025-1620 ADU R 7/9/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 14 011 359 14 011 20781 CHERYL DR BLD-2025-3268 ADU R 12/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 20 045 359 20 045 20820 MCCLELLAN PL BLD-2025-2274 ADU R 9/17/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 20 045 359 20 045 20820 MCCLELLAN PL BLD-2025-2274 ADU R 9/17/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 09 040 326 09 040 20875 VALLEY GREEN DR BLD-2025-3066 ADU R 12/2/2025 3 13 16 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 09 012 326 09 012 20919 GREENLEAF BLD-2025-2220 ADU R 9/11/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 28 010 326 28 010 21105 GRENOLA BLD-2025-1168 DU R 5/14/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 326 41 104 326 41 104 21391 MILFORD DR BLD-2025-1400 ADU R 6/10/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 18 005 357 18 005 21670 LOMITA BLD-2025-1489 SFD O 6/23/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 357 18 005 357 18 005 21670 LOMITA BLD-2025-1489 DU R 6/23/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 326 48 038 326 48 038 21760 MEYERHOLTZ CT BLD-2025-2006 ADU R 8/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 14 028 357 14 028 21911 DOLORES VE BLD-2025-2464 SFD O 10/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 14 028 357 14 028 21911 DOLORES VE BLD-2025-2465 ADU R 10/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 14 086 357 14 086 21921 MCCLELLAN RD BLD-2025-0575 ADU R 3/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 02 045 326 02 045 22141 WALLACE DR BLD-2025-3319 SFD O 12/23/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 326 50 061 326 50 061 22322 CUPERTINO RD BLD-2025-2663 ADU R 10/15/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 357 05 041 357 05 041 22490 SANTA PAULA AVE BLD-2025-3265 ADU R 12/18/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 342 16 102 342 16 102 22620 ALCALDE RD BLD-2025-2202 ADU R 9/10/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 342 57 044 342 57 044 23535 OAK VALLEY RD BLD-2025-0942 ADU R 4/17/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 369 18 015 369 18 015 6389 COTTONWOOD CT BLD-2025-2113 ADU R 9/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 28 020 359 28 020 7478 FALLENLEAF LN BLD-2025-3085 ADU R 12/3/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 13 011 362 13 011 7911 FESTIVAL CT BLD-2025-0693 ADU R 3/19/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 362 03 022 362 03 022 7961 WOODLARK WAY BLD-2025-3042 ADU R 11/25/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 356 11 079 356 11 079 8099 PRESIDIO DR BLD-2025-0373 ADU R 2/7/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 359 20 007 359 20 007 843 KIM ST, Cu ertino BLD-2025-0761 ADU R 3/27/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 07 027 375 07 027 10203 S TANTAU BLD-2025-0006 SFD O 1/2/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 375 07 027 375 07 027 10205 S TANTAU BLD-2025-2873 DU R 11/5/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/Pendin Ministerial 369 08 007 369 08 007 10211 E ESTATES DR BLD-2025-0149 ADU R 1/13/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 375 18 041 375 18 041 10381 JOHNSON VE BLD-2025-0216 SFD O 9/17/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 316 30 093 316 30 093 10420 N BLANEY VE BLD-2025-1009 SFD O 4/28/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 366 18 034 366 18 034 7412 WILDFLOWER WA BLD-2025-1479 SFD O 9/24/2025 1 1 1 NONE No No N/A Pending Ministerial 316 20 088 316 20 088 10333 N Wolfe Rd Wolfe Rd Educator Housing ASA-2025-009, TR-2025-036 5+ R 12/10/2025 60 120 66 246 NONE No Yes Yes Pending Discretionary 316-20-121; 316 20-120 316-20-121; 316 20-120 10101, 10123, 10330, 10150, 10343 N. Wolfe R Vallco RISE M-2025-001 5+ R 12/1/2025 134 756 1779 2669 2669 SMAP No Yes Yes Pending Ministerial SB 35, Mixed Ownershi Table A Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas 51 Project Identifier Unit Types Density Bonus Law Applications 11 Housing Development Applications Submitted Proposed Units - Affordability by Household Incomes 25 0 PC 03-09-2026 250 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Table A2 Streamlining Historic Sites Infill Housing without Financial Assistance or Deed Restrictions Term of Affordability or Deed Restriction Notes 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Prior APN+Current APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID Unit Category (SFA,SFD,2 to 4,5+,ADU,MH) Tenure R=Renter O=Owner Acutely Low- Income Deed Restricted Acutely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Entitlement Date Approved # of Units issued Entitlements Acutely Low- Income Deed Restricted Acutely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Building Permits Date Issued # of Units Issued Building Permits Acutely Low Income Deed Restricted Acutely Low Income Non Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Deed Restricted Extremely Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Certificates of Occupancy or other forms of readiness (see instructions) Date Issued # of Units issued Certificates of Occupancy or other forms of readiness Please select the state streamlining provision the project was APPROVED pursuant to. (may select multiple) Is this project located on a site with an associated historical designation as outlined in Government Code Section 65400(a)(2)(N) and reported on Table L? Infill Units? Y/N+ Assistance Programs for Each Development (may select multiple - see instructions) Deed Restriction Type (may select multiple - see instructions) For units affordable without financial assistance or deed restrictions, explain how the locality determined the units were affordable (see instructions) Term of Affordability or Deed Restriction (years) (if affordable in perpetuity enter 1000)+ Number of Demolished/Destro yed Units Demolished or Destroyed Units Demolished/ Destroyed Units Owner or Renter Total Density Bonus Applied to the Project (Percentage Increase in Total Allowable Units or Total Maximum Allowable Residential Gross Floor Area) Number of Other Incentives, Concessions, Waivers, or Other Modifications Given to the Project (Excluding Parking Waivers or Parking Reductions) List the incentives, concessions, waivers, and modifications (Excluding Parking Waivers or Parking Modifications) Did the project receive a reduction or waiver of parking standards? (Y/N) Notes+ Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 1 21 28 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 18 1 18 57 111 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 14 0 14 60 102 81 375 03 005 375 03 005 19400 SORENSON Gardens of Fountainblue BLD-2024-0619 ADU R 0 0 1 8/19/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 27 043 326 27 043 21513 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2022-1059 SFA O 0 0 1 5/19/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21301 DANA POINT LN Westport Project BLD-2023-2676 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21303 DANA POINT LN Westport Project BLD-2023-2677 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21305 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2023-2678 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 327 27 046 326 27 046 21307 DANA POINT LN Westport Project BLD-2023-2679 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21309 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2023-2680 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21311 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2023-2681 SFA O 0 0 1 3/25/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21400 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0230 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21402 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0231 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21404 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0232 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21406 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0233 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21408 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0234 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21410 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0235 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21401 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0373 SFA O 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21403 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0374 SFA O 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21405 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0375 SFA O 0 0 1 1/10/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21407 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0376 SFA O 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21409 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0377 SFA O 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21411 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0378 SFA O 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21300 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0650 SFA O 0 0 1 2/22/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21302 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0651 SFA O 0 0 1 2/22/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21304 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0652 SFA O 0 0 1 2/22/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 27 046 326 27 046 21306 DANA POINT Westport Project BLD-2024-0653 SFA O 0 0 1 2/22/2025 1 NONE No N 20.0% 3 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2018-05, EA-2018- 04, ASA-2018-05, U- 2019-03, TM-2018-03, EXC-2019-03, TR-2018- 22 326 56 023 326 56 023 20695 ACADIA CT BLD-2021-0563 ADU R 0 0 1 3/18/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 06 020 359 06 020 7709 HUNTRIDGE LN BLD-2022-1122 ADU R 0 0 1 1/6/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 26 007 375 26 007 18671 MEDICUS BLD-2022-1442 ADU R 0 0 1 8/20/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 16 021 375 16 021 10315 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2023-1584 ADU R 0 0 1 2/18/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU formula 359 15 001 359 15 001 10316 TONITA WAY BLD-2023-1947 ADU R 0 0 1 9/25/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 342 59 024 342 59 024 10480 SERRA ST BLD-2023-2176 ADU R 0 0 1 2/26/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 31 052 375 31 052 10703 JOHNSON BLD-2023-2395 ADU R 0 0 1 1/31/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 25 001 375 25 001 10221 STERLING BLVD BLD-2024-0022 ADU R 0 0 1 9/10/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 18 012 369 18 012 6382 COTTONWOOD CT BLD-2024-0489 ADU R 0 0 1 10/27/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 13 123 359 13 123 10262 TULA BLD-2022-0349 ADU R 0 0 1 1/8/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 31 052 375 31 052 10703 JOHNSON BLD-2023-2395 ADU R 0 0 1 1/31/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 366 55 023 366 55 023 11882 SHASTA SPRING CT BLD-2023-2416 ADU R 0 0 1 8/26/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 357 12 041 357 12 041 21961 MCCLELLAN BLD-2024-0474 ADU R 0 0 1 12/10/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 08 023 362 08 023 1169 ELMSFORD DR BLD-2024-0988 ADU R 0 0 1 1/17/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 36 014 375 36 014 10592 JOHANSEN DR BLD-2019-0534 SFD O 0 0 1 6/5/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 45 002 326 45 002 10314 MANN DR BLD-2020-1258 SFD O 0 0 1 4/15/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 28 058 326 28 058 21166 GRENOLA BLD-2020-1854 SFD O 0 0 1 3/24/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 28 058 326 28 058 21166 GRENOLA BLD-2020-1854 ADU R 0 0 1 3/24/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 27 036 369 27 036 830 BETLIN AVE BLD-2021-1564 SFD O 0 0 1 9/23/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 369 27 036 369 27 036 830 BETLIN AVE BLD-2021-1564 ADU R 0 0 1 9/23/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 33 063 375 33 063 18901 TUGGLE AVE BLD-2021-2452 SFD O 0 0 1 9/15/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 33 063 375 33 063 18901 TUGGLE AVE BLD-2021-2452 ADU R 0 0 1 9/15/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 366 15 018 366 15 018 1506 PRIMROSE WAY BLD-2021-2512 SFD O 0 0 1 7/17/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 366 15 018 366 15 018 1506 PRIMROSE WAY BLD-2021-2512 ADU R 0 0 1 7/17/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 357 05 010 357 05 010 22381 MCCLELLAN RD BLD-2022-0247 SFD O 0 0 1 4/25/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 07 044 375 07 044 10052 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2022-0436 SFD O 0 0 1 1/7/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 375 07 044 375 07 044 10052 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2022-0436 ADU R 0 0 1 1/7/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 24 024 369 24 024 6611 JOHN DR BLD-2022-0785 SFD O 0 0 1 6/20/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 369 24 024 369 24 024 6611 JOHN DR BLD-2022-0785 ADU R 0 0 1 6/20/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 24 016 316 24 016 10201 RANDY BLD-2022-1115 ADU R 0 0 1 1/9/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 30 004 375 30 004 18690 NEWSOM AVE BLD-2022-1646 SFD O 0 0 1 1/22/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 375 30 004 375 30 004 18690 NEWSOM AVE BLD-2022-1646 ADU R 0 0 1 1/22/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 31 003 316 31 003 19970 PEAR TREE LN BLD-2022-1792 SFD O 0 0 1 9/19/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 23 032 375 23 032 10542 STERLING BLVD BLD-2022-2098 SFD O 0 0 1 5/2/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 375 23 032 375 23 032 10542 STERLING BLVD BLD-2022-2098 ADU R 0 0 1 5/2/2025 1 NONE No y ADU Formula 316 35 003 316 35 003 19651 MERRITT DR BLD-2022-2150 SFD O 0 0 1 9/30/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 33 051 375 33 051 18816 PENDERGAST AVE BLD-2022-2236 SFD O 0 0 1 4/9/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 33 051 375 33 051 18816 PENDERGAST AVE BLD-2022-2236 ADU R 0 0 1 4/9/2025 1 NONE No y ADU Formula 326 30 178 326 30 178 10497 BEARDON BLD-2022-2308 ADU R 0 0 1 10/28/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 06 014 359 06 014 902 SAGE CT BLD-2022-2349 SFD O 0 0 1 9/17/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 369 21 027 369 21 027 10828 BROOKWELL BLD-2022-2397 ADU R 0 0 1 10/6/2025 1 NONE No y ADU Formula 375 23 007 375 23 007 10552 GASCOIGNE DR BLD-2022-2454 SFD O 0 0 1 3/4/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 375 23 007 375 23 007 10552 GASCOIGNE DR BLD-2022-2454 ADU R 0 0 1 3/4/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 29 052 375 29 052 18720 HANNA DR BLD-2022-2491 SFD O 0 0 1 5/21/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 29 052 375 29 052 18720 HANNA DR BLD-2022-2491 ADU R 0 0 1 5/21/2025 1 NONE No y ADU Formula 375 28 026 375 28 026 10624 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2023-0164 SFD O 0 0 1 5/14/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 28 026 375 28 026 10624 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2023-0164 ADU R 0 0 1 5/14/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 19 043 359 19 043 7540 MCCLELLAN RD BLD-2023-0402 SFD O 0 0 1 11/3/2025 1 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 369 32 034 369 32 034 20125 LAS ONDAS BLD-2023-0433 ADU R 0 0 1 6/9/2025 1 NONE No y ADU Formula 375 35 054 375 35 054 19040 MEIGGS LN BLD-2023-0774 SFD O 0 0 1 2/27/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 35 054 375 35 054 19040 MEIGGS LN BLD-2023-0774 ADU R 0 0 1 2/27/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 11 011 375 11 011 10080 JUDY AVE BLD-2023-0987 SFD O 0 0 1 5/19/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 28 066 326 28 066 21076 GRENOLA DR BLD-2023-1073 SFD O 0 0 1 6/10/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 16 053 375 16 053 18831 BARNHART AVE BLD-2023-1863 SFD O 0 0 1 3/20/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 16 053 375 16 053 18831 BARNHART AVE BLD-2023-1863 ADU R 0 0 1 3/20/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 07 042 375 07 042 10080 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2023-1891 SFD O 0 0 1 10/9/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 07 042 375 07 042 10078 S TANTAU BLD-2023-1894 ADU R 0 0 1 10/7/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 33 014 316 33 014 10298 PLUM TREE BLD-2023-2096 ADU R 0 0 1 1/13/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 28 011 375 28 011 10589 GASCOIGNE DR BLD-2023-2358 SFD O 0 0 1 3/27/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 28 011 375 28 011 10589 GASCOIGNE DR BLD-2023-2358 ADU R 0 0 1 3/27/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 18 044 375 18 044 10409 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2023-2360 SFD O 0 0 1 11/14/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 18 044 375 18 044 10409 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2023-2360 ADU R 0 0 1 11/14/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 32 047 375 32 047 10735 MINETTE DR BLD-2024-0122 SFD O 0 0 1 5/20/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 32 047 375 32 047 10735 MINETTE DR BLD-2024-0122 ADU R 0 0 1 5/20/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 07 008 375 07 008 10081 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2024-0254 SFD O 0 0 1 10/29/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 07 008 375 07 008 10083 S TANTAU BLD-2024-0255 ADU R 0 0 1 10/27/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 11 031 375 11 031 10205 BRET AVE BLD-2024-0291 SFD O 0 0 1 12/4/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 11 031 375 11 031 10205 BRET AVE BLD-2024-0291 ADU R 0 0 1 12/4/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 02 035 326 02 035 22032 HIBISCUS BLD-2024-0346 ADU R 0 0 1 9/4/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 26 058 375 26 058 18630 CRABTREE AVE BLD-2024-0542 SFD O 0 0 1 9/5/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 26 058 375 26 058 18630 CRABTREE AVE BLD-2024-0542 ADU R 0 0 1 9/5/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 32 037 369 32 037 20012 RODRIGUES BLD-2024-1328 ADU R 0 0 1 5/19/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 29 026 316 29 026 10315 COLBY BLD-2024-1340 ADU R 0 0 1 12/10/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 08 039 375 08 039 10280 S TANTAU BLD-2024-1526 ADU R 0 0 1 12/11/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 08 006 375 08 006 10279 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2024-1712 SFD O 0 0 1 8/14/2025 1 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 08 006 375 08 006 10279 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2024-1712 ADU R 0 0 1 8/14/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 31 016 375 31 016 10689 GASCOIGNE BLD-2024-1719 ADU R 0 0 1 12/1/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 35 027 369 35 027 20239 BOLLINGER BLD-2024-2100 ADU R 0 0 1 12/11/2025 1 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 02 056 316 02 056 10511 Randy Ln MMP-2025-002 SFD O 1 11/24/2025 1 0 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot S li No Y 1 Demolished O 375 24 002 375 24 002 10430 Sterling Blvd MMP-2024-004 SFD O 1 4/23/2025 1 0 0 SB 9 (2021) - Duplex in SF Zone No Y 1 Demolished O One single-family home applied for under SB 9 with a second story ADU (BLD-2025-1730 and BLD-2025-1729) 327 19 100 327 19 100 21853 Oakview Ln RM-2025-001, TR- 2025-020 ADU R 1 10/7/2025 1 0 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 327 19 100 327 19 100 21853 Oakview Ln RM-2025-001, TR- 2025-020 SFD O 1 10/7/2025 1 0 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 28 061 326 28 061 21130 Grenola Dr RM-2025-013 SFD O 1 1/21/2026 1 0 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 357 15 030 357 15 030 21858 Almaden Ave R-2025-002 SFD O 1 10/16/2025 1 0 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O Pro ect in Buildin Permit Stage (BLD-2025-3207 and BLD-2025-3254) 375 24 002 375 24 002 10430 Sterling Blvd MMP-2024-002 ADU R 1 4/23/2025 1 0 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula ADU on the second floor of new two-story house 357 15 030 357 15 030 21858 Almaden Ave R-2025-002 ADU R 1 10/16/2025 1 0 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula ADU on the second floor of new two-story house 342 17 041 342 17 041 10645 SANTA LUCIA RD BLD-2022-1924 SFD O 0 1 9/23/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 342 17 041 342 17 041 10645 SANTA LUCIA RD BLD-2022-1924 ADU R 0 1 9/23/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 20 030 359 20 030 20888 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0051 SFD O 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20888 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0051 ADU R 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20882 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0052 SFD O 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20882 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0052 ADU R 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20876 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0057 SFD O 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20876 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0057 ADU R 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20870 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0058 SFD O 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20870 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0058 ADU R 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20858 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0060 SFD O 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 359 20 030 359 20 030 20858 CHERRYLAND BLD-2023-0060 ADU R 0 1 3/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula TM--, R-- 040 to -045, RM-2022- 015, -016, -022 to -025 362 06 051 362 06 051 11226 BUBB RD BLD-2023-0398 SFD O 0 1 5/21/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 362 18 008 362 18 008 7757 ORION BLD-2023-1001 SFD O 0 1 1/16/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 362 18 008 362 18 008 7757 ORION BLD-2023-1001 ADU R 0 1 1/16/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 18 008 362 18 008 7753 ORION BLD-2023-1003 SFD O 0 1 1/16/2025 1 0 NONE No y 362 18 008 362 18 008 7753 ORION BLD-2023-1003 ADU R 0 1 1/16/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 30 126 326 30 126 10413 BEARDON BLD-2023-2175 ADU R 0 1 3/3/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 28 088 326 28 088 10481 N STELLING RD BLD-2023-2391 SFD O 0 1 4/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 359 23 009 359 23 009 20642 KIRWIN LN BLD-2024-2056 SFD O 0 1 6/30/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 366 11 151 366 11 151 7535 NORMANDY WAY BLD-2024-0605 SFD O 0 1 1/28/2025 1 0 NONE No y 1 Demolished O 375 37 019 375 37 019 10536 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2024-0634 SFD O 0 1 3/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 37 019 375 37 019 10536 S TANTAU AVE BLD-2024-0634 ADU R 0 1 3/20/2025 1 0 NONE No y ADU Formula 362 06 028 362 06 028 8025 FOLKESTONE BLD-2024-0817 ADU R 0 1 11/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 28 002 359 28 002 7421 TIPTOE LN BLD-2024-0873 SFD O 0 1 1/28/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 356 08 033 356 08 033 21962 MCCLELLAN BLD-2024-1111 ADU R 0 1 11/4/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 357 16 095 357 16 095 10095 ORANGE AVE BLD-2024-1260 SFD O 0 1 5/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 357 16 095 357 16 095 10095 ORANGE AVE BLD-2024-1260 ADU R 0 1 5/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 35 005 375 35 005 10751 CARVER DR BLD-2024-1422 SFD O 0 1 5/2/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 357 19 049 357 19 049 10356 IMPERIAL BLD-2024-1546 ADU R 0 1 8/6/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 342 14 040 342 14 040 10222 LOCKWOOD DR BLD-2024-1710 SFD O 0 1 7/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 19 066 326 19 066 21900 WOODBURY DR BLD-2024-1876 SFD O 0 1 7/3/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 08 014 326 08 014 21075 TAMARIND CT BLD-2024-2158 SFD O 0 1 5/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 08 014 326 08 014 21075 TAMARIND CT BLD-2024-2158 ADU R 0 1 5/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 09 030 375 09 030 18993 BARNHART AVE BLD-2024-2167 SFD O 0 1 8/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 09 030 375 09 030 18993 BARNHART AVE BLD-2024-2167 ADU R 0 1 8/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 33 001 375 33 001 10510 CULBERTSON DR BLD-2024-2219 SFD O 0 1 5/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 33 001 375 33 001 10510 CULBERTSON DR BLD-2024-2219 ADU R 0 1 5/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 25 076 375 25 076 10201 STERLING BLVD BLD-2024-2235 SFD O 0 1 8/14/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 25 076 375 25 076 10201 STERLING BLVD BLD-2024-2235 ADU R 0 1 8/14/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 28 034 375 28 034 10560 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2024-2255 SFD O 0 1 7/31/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 28 034 375 28 034 10560 JOHNSON AVE BLD-2024-2255 ADU R 0 1 7/31/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 11 032 362 11 032 1217 STAFFORD BLD-2024-2264 ADU R 0 1 7/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 16 034 375 16 034 18815 TILSON AVE BLD-2024-2299 SFD O 0 1 8/13/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 16 034 375 16 034 18815 TILSON AVE BLD-2024-2299 ADU R 0 1 8/13/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 33 055 316 33 055 10341 CHERRY TREE LN BLD-2024-2313 ADU R 0 1 6/9/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 30 009 326 30 009 10200 N STELLING RD BLD-2024-2472 SFD O 0 1 11/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 09 007 375 09 007 19028 TILSON AVE BLD-2024-2562 SFD O 0 1 4/7/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 09 007 375 09 007 19028 TILSON AVE BLD-2024-2562 ADU R 0 1 4/7/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 21 052 369 21 052 10849 ALDERBROOK LN BLD-2024-2664 SFD O 0 1 3/17/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 369 21 052 369 21 052 10849 ALDERBROOK LN BLD-2024-2664 ADU R 0 1 3/17/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 35 064 375 35 064 18844 HUNTER WAY BLD-2024-2689 SFD O 0 1 9/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 35 064 375 35 064 18844 HUNTER WAY BLD-2024-2689 ADU R 0 1 9/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 35 050 375 35 050 19080 MEIGGS LN BLD-2024-2703 SFD O 0 1 10/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 35 050 375 35 050 19080 MEIGGS LN BLD-2024-2703 ADU R 0 1 10/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 24 046 359 24 046 7519 DUMAS DR BLD-2024-2746 SFD O 0 1 11/13/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 359 24 046 359 24 046 7519 DUMAS DR BLD-2024-2746 ADU R 0 1 11/13/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 10 041 375 10 041 10264 BRET AVE BLD-2024-2781 SFD O 0 1 8/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 10 041 375 10 041 10264 BRET AVE BLD-2024-2781 ADU R 0 1 8/24/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 356 08 034 356 08 034 21950 MCCLELLAN BLD-2024-2908 SFD O 0 1 5/14/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 356 08 034 356 08 034 21952 MCCLELLAN BLD-2024-2910 ADU R 0 1 5/14/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 27 040 369 27 040 6728 CLIFFORD DR BLD-2025-0233 SFD O 0 1 9/11/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 369 27 040 369 27 040 6728 CLIFFORD DR BLD-2025-0233 ADU R 0 1 9/11/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 15 039 375 15 039 10337 MENHART LN BLD-2025-0262 SFD O 0 1 12/17/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 15 039 375 15 039 10337 MENHART LN BLD-2025-0262 ADU R 0 1 12/17/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 33 054 375 33 054 18817 TUGGLE AVE BLD-2025-0334 SFD O 0 1 6/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 33 054 375 33 054 18817 TUGGLE AVE BLD-2025-0334 ADU R 0 1 6/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 31 012 375 31 012 10690 JOHNSON BLD-2025-0443 SFD O 0 1 9/11/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 31 012 375 31 012 10690 JOHNSON BLD-2025-0443 ADU R 0 1 9/11/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 357 15 042 357 15 042 21859 SAN FERNANDO BLD-2025-0505 ADU R 0 1 9/16/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 05 020 362 05 020 21471 VAI AVE BLD-2025-0695 SFD O 0 1 12/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 29 003 375 29 003 10741 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2025-0807 SFD O 0 1 10/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O R-2024-009, RM-2024- 006 asociated planning ermits 375 29 003 375 29 003 10741 WUNDERLICH DR BLD-2025-0807 ADU R 0 1 10/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 05 029 375 05 029 19361 PHIL LN BLD-2025-0828 SFD O 0 1 9/8/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 375 05 029 375 05 029 19361 PHIL LN BLD-2025-0828 ADU R 0 1 9/8/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 05 022 375 05 022 10431 FINCH AVE BLD-2025-0832 ADU R 0 1 10/10/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 10 038 359 10 038 20628 SUNRISE DR BLD-2025-1289 ADU R 0 1 5/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 33 033 326 33 033 20731 FARGO DR BLD-2025-1292 SFD O 0 1 11/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 326 33 033 326 33 033 20731 FARGO DR BLD-2025-1292 ADU R 0 1 11/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 33 033 326 33 033 20731 FARGO DR BLD-2025-1292 ADU R 0 1 11/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 21 019 362 21 019 1173 HUNTERSTON PL BLD-2025-1396 SFD O 0 1 11/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 362 21 019 362 21 019 1173 HUNTERSTON PL BLD-2025-1396 ADU R 0 1 11/19/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 16 015 359 16 015 20772 CHERYL BLD-2025-1493 ADU R 0 1 10/14/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 28 034 375 28 034 20696 HANFORD DR BLD-2024-0835 SFD O 0 1 12/9/2025 1 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot S li No Y 1 Demolished O 359 23 013 359 23 013 20564 KIRWIN LN BLD-2024-0602 SFD O 0 1 3/25/2025 1 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot Split No Y 1 Demolished O MMP-2023-001 AND MTM-2024-001 SB9 Lot S lit/Two SFD 359 23 013 359 23 013 20558 KIRWIN BLD-2025-0512 SFD O 0 1 11/20/2025 1 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot S li No Y 359 07 021 359 07 021 10072 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1865 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 1 Demolished O 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10074 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1866 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 1 Demolished O 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10076 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1867 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 1 Demolished O 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10078 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1868 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 1 Demolished O 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10080 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1869 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10082 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1870 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 359 07 021 359 07 021 10070 BIANCHI BLD-2025-1864 SFA O 0 1 8/5/2025 1 0 NONE No Y INC 20.0% 4 Development Standards Modification Yes DP-2023-001,ASA-2023 002,TM-2023-001, TR- 2023-008 326 25 005 326 25 005 21582 GRAND BLD-2024-0641 ADU R 0 1 2/26/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 326 02 029 326 02 029 22102 HIBISCUS DR BLD-2024-1024 ADU R 0 1 8/25/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 10 035 369 10 035 19901 LA MAR DR BLD-2024-1349 ADU R 0 1 9/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 21 033 362 21 033 1128 DERBYSHIRE DR BLD-2024-2414 ADU R 0 1 6/17/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 14 002 375 14 002 10275 MORETTI DR BLD-2024-0884 ADU R 0 1 1/13/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 15 024 362 15 024 998 SEPTEMBER DR BLD-2024-1031 ADU R 0 1 1/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 06 003 359 06 003 7778 LILAC WAY BLD-2024-1206 SFD O 0 1 8/1/2025 1 0 NONE No Y 1 Demolished O 359 12 031 359 12 031 10195 BONNY DR BLD-2024-1934 ADU R 0 1 5/12/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 10 038 359 10 038 20626 SUNRISE DR BLD-2024-2487 ADU R 0 1 5/27/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 39 036 369 39 036 10591 FARALLONE DR BLD-2025-0016 ADU R 0 1 1/3/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 362 19 035 362 19 035 7889 ROBINDELL WAY BLD-2025-0326 ADU R 0 1 6/3/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 26 009 369 26 009 6637 CLIFFORD DR BLD-2025-0353 ADU R 0 1 8/20/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 26 026 359 26 026 7539 DE LA FARGE DR BLD-2025-0706 ADU R 0 1 12/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 369 04 050 369 04 050 10245 PARKSIDE LN BLD-2025-0380 ADU R 0 1 2/10/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 03 005 375 03 005 19400 SORENSON, #144 BLD-2024-2356 ADU R 0 1 5/22/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 375 03 005 375 03 005 19400 SORENSON, #143 BLD-2025-0997 ADU R 0 1 5/22/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 02 094 316 02 094 20200 LUCILLE, #121 BLD-2025-1986 ADU R 0 1 8/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 316 02 094 316 02 094 20200 LUCILLE, #122 BLD-2025-1987 ADU R 0 1 8/18/2025 1 0 NONE No Y ADU Formula 359 09 016 359 09 016 20739 Scofield Dr ASA-2024-009 5+O 4 16 4/9/2025 20 0 0 NONE No Y Other Builder's Remedy 1 Demolished O Builder's Remedy 326 33 023 326 33 023 20996 Hanford Dr MMP-2024-002 SFD O 1 4/23/2025 1 0 0 SB 9 (2021) - Residential Lot S li No Y 1 Demolished O Note: "+" indicates an optional field Housing with Financial Assistance and/or Deed Restrictions Demolished/Destroyed UnitsProject Identifier Annual Building Activity Report Summary - New Construction, Entitled, Permits and Completed Units Density Bonus 1 Unit Types Affordability by Household Incomes - Completed Entitlement Affordability by Household Incomes - Building Permits Affordability by Household Incomes - Certificates of Occupancy 4 7 10 25 1 PC 03-09-2026 251 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 1 Projection Period 3 4 RHNA Allocation by Income Level Projection Period - 06/30/2022- 01/30/2023 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Total Units to Date (all years) Total Remaining RHNA by Income Level Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Non-Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Non-Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Non-Deed Restricted - 10 14 17 - - - - - - Deed Restricted - - - - - - - - - - Non-Deed Restricted 2 8 13 18 - - - - - - Deed Restricted 1 - - 1 - - - - - - Non-Deed Restricted 19 9 13 18 - - - - - - bove Moderate 1,953 92 36 40 57 - - - - - - 225 1,728 4,588 114 63 80 111 - - - - - - 368 4,220 Please note: The APR form can only display data for one planning period. To view progress for a different planning period, you may login to HCD's online APR system, or contact HCD staff at apr@hcd.ca.gov. Acutely Low - - *For years prior to 2025, data on deed-restricted vs. non-deed restricted Extremely Low-Income units is approximated from whether the projects reported any deed-restricted Very Low-Income Units. If you wish to edit this historical data for accuracy or have any questions about the data, you may login to HCD's online APR system, or contact HCD staff at apr@hcd.ca.gov. Total Units *For jurisdictions that received RHNA determinations for the current cycle prior to the passage of AB 3093 (September 19, 2024): - You were not allocated Acutely Low-Income and Extremely Low-Income RHNA targets, therefore the allocations in Field 1 are listed as "0" - If you wish to set your own targets in these income categories for informational purposes, contact HCD staff at apr@hcd.ca.gov. - All Acutely Low-Income and Extremely Low-Income units reported during the cycle are counted towards Very-Low Income RHNA progress 694 Total RHNA - 646 Low *For years prior to 2025, Acutely Low-Income units are reported within the Extremely Low-Income category Please Note: Table B does not currently contain data from Table F or Table F2 for prior years. You may login to the APR system to see Table B that contains this data. Extremeley Low - 61 Moderate 1,193 687 755 41 41 Income Level Very Low - - This table is auto-populated once you enter your jurisdiction name and current year data. Past year information comes from previous APRs. Please contact HCD if your data is different than the material supplied here 2 Table B Regional Housing Needs Allocation Progress Permitted Units Issued by Affordability 1,152 25 2 PC 03-09-2026 252 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Date of Rezone Rezone Type 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID+ Date of Rezone Very Low- Income Low-Income Moderate- Income Above Moderate- Income Rezone Type Parcel Size (Acres) General Plan Designation Zoning Minimum Density Allowed Maximum Density Allowed Realistic Capacity Vacant/Nonvacant Description of Existing Uses Note: "+" indicates an optional field Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below 83 Project Identifier RHNA Shortfall by Household Income Category Sites Description 1 Sites Identified or Rezoned to Accommodate Shortfall Housing Need and No Net-Loss Law Table C 25 3 PC 03-09-2026 253 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name of Program Objective Projected Completion Date in Housing Element Applicable Cycle Status of Program Implementation Program Implementation Details Quantified Outcomes: Category Quantified Outcomes: Count Supporting Documents Policy HE-1.1 Designate sufficent land at appropriate densities to accommodate Cupertino's Regional Housing Needs Allocation of 4,588 units for the 2023-2031 planning period. Complete with adoption 6th Cycle Completed Completed with identification of Priority Housing Sites in rezoning in 2019. Housing Element update to accomodate 6th Cycle RHNA of 4,588 units commenced in October 2021, statutorily required to be completed by Jan. 31 2023. Initial outreach conducted in 2021. The Housing Element was adopted in May 2024, with HCD certification in September 2024.The City of Cupertino completed identification of Priority Housing Sites and completed neccesary rezoning to accomidate the RHNA shortfall of the Housing Element 6th Cycle through a resolution and ordinance passed by City Council in July 2024. The City received certification from HCD in September 2024. Complete as of September 2024. Units 368 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 Policy HE-1.2 Provide a full range of densities for ownership and rental housing.Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to ensure that both ownership and rental housing will be provided at a full range of densities through enforcement of new zoning and development standards during the planning period through the application process. Ongoing. Units 368 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) Policy HE-1.3 Encourage mixed-use development near transportation facilities and employment centers. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to work to encourage mixed-used development, particularly around frequent transit and business centric corridors, through outreach to employers and commercial property owners. Ongoing. Other 1 Outreach Master List, Email Outreach, Business Connect Newsletter December 2025 HE-1.3.1 Land Use Policy and Zoning Provisions To accommodate the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), the City will continue to: Provide adequate capacity through the Land Use Element and Zoning Ordinance to accommodate the RHNA while maintaining a balanced land use plan that offers opportunities for employment growth, commercial/retail activities, services, and amenities. Amend development standards for standards that are adequate and appropriate to facilitate a range of housing in the community. Monitor the sites inventory and make it available on the City’s website. Annual monitoring 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to maintain landuse and zoning policies that accomadate the RHNA allocation of 4,588 units (596 extremely low, 597 very low, 687 low, 755 moderate income units). Ongoing Units 368 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.2 Rezoning to Achieve RHNA sites zoned appropriately to achieve the City’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), rezone sites to include 33.52 acres of residential land that will allow for a realistic capacity of 1,855 units, and 32.67 acres of commercial/residential land that will allow for a realistic capacity of 1,727 units. Permit owner-occupied and rental a conditional use permit or other discretionary review or approval for developments in which 20 percent or more of the total units are affordable to lower-income households. Ensure that each site can accommodate at least 16 units per site and require that all residential development achieve a minimum density of 20 dwelling units per acre on sites designated for lower income housing. Ensure (a) at least 50 percent of the shortfall of low- and very low-income regional housing need can be accommodated on sites designated for exclusively residential uses, or (b) if the low- and very low-income regional Concurent with HE adoption 6th Cycle Completed Rezoning of 58 priority Housing Sities proposed in the Housing Element was approved through a public hearing before the City Council, creating a new capacity upon those sites of 1,727 units (596 lower, 436 moderate, and 695 above moderate income units). (Resolution Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024 Units 368 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.3 New Residential Zoning Districts and Land Use Designations the following actions will be taken: Zoning. Create a new R4 Zoning District that will align with the two new General Plan Land Use designations, High/Very High Density allowing 50.01 to 65 units 65.01 to 80 units per acre. The City will create development standards that will allow the maximum density of this district to be achieved. This will include increased height limits to allow at least lot coverage, and reduced parking requirements. General Plan Land Use Designations. Create two new General Plan Land Use Designations – High/Very High Density, which will allow for 50.01–65 units per acre, and Very High Density, which will allow for 65.01–80 units per acre. The City will also revise the Commercial/Residential designation to identify different densities at which residential development could occur on property zoned for Residential mixed uses for clarity, and allow 100 percent residential on sites with a General Plan Land Use designation of Commercial/Residential, if the project is Concurent with HE adoption 6th Cycle Completed New zoning distrcits and general plan designations were approved through a public hearing before the City Council, allowing for the new development standards under the High/Very High Density (50.01 to 65 units per acre) and Very High Density (Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024 Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.4 Development on Nonvacent Sites program to connect developers, The program shall: a. Emphasize reaching out to owners of nonvacant sites to discuss any interest in redeveloping and available incentives. b. Market and advertise these sites to the development community along with any incentives that might be available. c. Establish biennial meetings with developers and builders to discuss development opportunities. If no projects are proposed on non- vacant sites within the first half of Housing Element planning period, the City will provide additional incentives, which will include, but are not limited to: a. Priority project processing b. Waive development impact or delay permit fees for affordable units c. Flexibility in development standards, such as parking, setbacks, and landscaping requirements funding made by developers for infrastructure upgrades. e. Assist developers of 100 percent affordable housing developments with Initiate by June 2024 and maintain throughout planning period on a biennial basis 6th Cycle Continuous Staff has been collaborating with West Valley jurisdictions to hold annual joint outreach events to connect developers with owners of nonvacant sites and advertise new housing opportunities under new zoning regulations. In 2024, outreach began for the first event to advertise the site at 20140 Stevens Creek Blvd. More nonvacant sites will be promoted in future events. This outreach event was successfully held on February 27, 2025. Meetings 1 Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer HE-1.3.5 Encourage Mixed- Use Projects and Residential in Commercial Zones The City will incentivize development of residential units in mixed-use projects that include affordable units (at least 20 percent), by providing incentives, which will include, but are not limited to: Priority project processing Delay payment of development impact or permit fees for affordable units Flexibility in development standards, such as parking, setbacks, and landscaping requirements Support grant application requests for funding made by developers for infrastructure upgrades. Assist developers of 100 percent affordable housing developments with securing additional financing. Annual outreach to developers and obtain feedback by January 2025. Adopt additional of feedback 6th Cycle Continuous Promotion of missing mixed use zoning changes took place during the first annual West Valley developer outreach event, which was successfully held on February 27, 2025. More sites that have high opportunitiy for mixed-use development will be promoted in future events. Meetings 1 Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer HE-1.3.6 Encourage Missing-Middle Housing Developments to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing The City allow and encourage the development of missing middle housing by: Allowing corner lots in R1 zoning districts to develop as multi-family rental housing using R2 zoning regulations to encourage missing-middle developments. Allowing lots zoned for single-family residential uses that abut (either shares a property line or is directly across the street from) property that fronts an arterial or major collector and is zoned and used for commercial or mixed-use development, to develop with rental multi-family housing using R2 zoning regulations to encourage missing middle housing. average unit size as a tool to moderate unit sizes for such developments. The City will promote the missing middle strategy through City via the City’s website. Complete zoning code changes by December 2025, outreach at least twice in the planning period, and track annual planning applications received 6th Cycle Continuous New zoning development standards were approved through a public hearing before the City Council in July 2024. (Resolution 24- 039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Promotion of missing middle housing zoning changes took place during the first annual West Valley developer outreach event, which was successfully held on February 27, 2025. Meetings 1 Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer, Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.7 Lot Consolidation consolidations to combine small continue the following actions to accomplish this: Facilitate and approve lot consolidation when contiguous smaller, underutilized parcels are to be redeveloped. Encourage master plans for such sites with coordinated access and circulation. Provide technical assistance to property owners of adjacent parcels to facilitate coordinated redevelopment where appropriate. Facilitate intra- and interagency cooperation in working with applicants at no cost prior to application submittal for assistance with preliminary plan review. Provide information on the City’s website about development opportunities and incentives for lot consolidation to accommodate affordable housing units and discuss these opportunities and incentives with interested developers. As developers/owners interested in lot consolidation and the development of affordable housing projects on small Identify incentives by December 2025. Offer incentives by December 2026. Annual meeting with local developers. 6th Cycle Continuous Promotion of lot consolidation zoning changes took place during the first annual West Valley developer outreach event, which was successfully held on February 27, 2025. Adding further incentives was not identified as a priority concern from developers in attendance, however, if further feedback indicates a need for additional incentives for lot consolidation, the City will explored and offerred by December 2026. Meetings 1 Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer HE-1.3.8 Accessory Dewlling Units consistent with the latest State legislation related to ADUs, in accordance with state law. Continue to provide guidance and educational materials for building ADUs on the City’s website, including permitting procedures. Additionally, the City will biennially present homeowner associations with information about the community and neighborhood benefits of ADUs, and inform them that covenants, conditions, and restrictions prohibiting ADUs are contrary to State law. To increase mobility for lower income households, proactively advertise the benefits of ADUs by distributing multilingual informational materials in areas of high opportunity and a limited number of renter households to increase mobility for low-income households by posting flyers in community gathering places and providing information to community groups and homeowners’ associations at least annually. Continue to offer the pre-approved ADU program and post links to approved plans as available. Adopt code amendment and updated materials by June 2024. 2025. Annual evaluation by April 2024 and identify more incentives within one year if ADU targets are not being met. 6th Cycle Continuous The City continues to encourage the production of ADUs. In 2023, the City issued 50 building permits for ADUs - this is approximately 33% of the total number of ADU building permits issued The ordinance is regularly updated to comply with state law. In 2021, the City developed a pre-approved ADU program to further incentive the creation of ADUs. One property has utilitzed the pre-approved ADU program since then. New zoning development standards were approved through a public hearing before the City Council in July 2024. (Ordinance 24- 2262, Ordinance 24-2261). In 2024, 41 ADU building permits were issued and 46 ADUs received certificates of occupancy. The City of Cupertino has joined a regional effort in Units 143 Ordinance No. 25-2274 ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Housing Element Implementation Housing Programs Progress Report Describe progress of all programs including local efforts to remove governmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing as identified in the housing element. Table D Program Implementation Status pursuant to GC Section 65583 254 PC 03-09-2026 254 of 267 HE-1.3.9 Review Development Standards code to: Review and revise design and development standards and guidelines for multifamily housing, specifically in the R4 Zone and the Priority Development Area to ensure standards are objective and that maximum densities can be achieved. Provide flexibility in development standards to accommodate new models and approaches to providing housing, such as live/work housing to allow housing to adapt to the needs of occupants. Offer flexible residential development standards in planned residential zoning districts, such as smaller lot sizes, lot widths, setbacks, and higher floor area ratios particularly for higher-density and attached housing developments. Consider granting reductions in off- street parking for senior housing. Analyze local parking standards compared to those of neighboring jurisdictions with similar characteristics and reduce parking standards to ensure parking is not a constraint on development. Specifically, reduce parking requirements for studio Analyze parking standards by December 2024 and revise by June 2025. Annually review objective design standards. 6th Cycle In Progress New zoning development standards were approved through a public hearing before the City Council in July 2024. (Resolution 24- 039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). On into a contract with the draft and implement objective design standards. In 2025, 3 presentations were made to the Planning Commission on objective design standards. A draft for objective design standards will return for the Planning Commission's review in Spring 2026. After implementation, the policy will be annually reviewed for effectiveness through the APR. Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.10 Innovative and Family-Friendly Housing Options housing options that provide greater flexibility and affordability in the housing stock that would address housing needs for intergenerational households, students, special-needs groups, and lower-income households. The City will implement the following: Promote housing designs and unit mix to attract multigenerational households by encouraging housing features and more bedrooms (including four- bedroom units), as well as other on-site amenities, such as usable outdoor open space for multigenerational use to promote placebased revitalization, and multipurpose rooms that can be used for afterschool homework clubs, computer, art, or other resident activities. Facilitate at least one partnership with social service organizations to provide programming in community spaces within a 100 percent affordable project during the planning period. Research the possibility of a Home Sharing program that would help to match “providers” with a spare room or rooms with “seekers” who are looking for an affordable place to live. This Amend zoning code by October 2024. Explore alternative options by December 2025. 6th Cycle Completed New zoning development standards were approved through a public hearing before the City Council in July 2024. (Resolution 24- 039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). In 2025, Staff reached out to three seperarte service providers of homesharing services. Meetings were held with Front Porch (April 16, 2025), HIP Housing (May 25, 2025), and Catholic Charities (July 8, 2025). Proposals from all three providers were evaluated and costs were found to be infeasibly high in all three to justify restarting the program. Staff concluded the study and determined that when considering the City's limited funding resources, other program models should take higher priority. Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-1.3.11 Replacement Housing To facilitate place-based revitalization for households at risk of displacement due to new development, the City will require replacement housing units subject to the requirements of state law on all sites in the City when any new development (residential, mixed-use, or nonresidential) occurs on a site that has been occupied by or restricted for the use of lower-income households at any time during the previous five years. This requirement applies to nonvacant sites and vacant sites with previous residential uses that have been vacated or demolished. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to monitor development projects to ensure that replacement units are required when residential units are demolished. Ongoing. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-1.3.12 Track Housing Production production throughout the planning period and ensure the Pipeline Projects and sites identified to meet the RHNA maintain sufficient housing capacity to meet the RHNA target by income level. The city will not adopt reductions in allowable residential densities for through General Plan development or building permits for sites identified in the inventory with fewer units or affordable to a different income category than identified in the inventory, unless findings are made that the remaining capacity is sufficient to accommodate remaining unmet RHNA for each income level. The City will track and report on: Pipeline projects and progress towards completion; Unit count and income/affordability assumed on parcels in the sites inventory; Actual number of units permitted and constructed by income/affordability; Net change in capacity and summary of remaining capacity by income level in meeting remaining RHNA; Ongoing as projects are proposed. Annual review in tracking. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to monitor development projects to ensure that they are built to unit and in the housing element in accordance with No Net Loss Law. Ongoing. Units 368 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-1.3.13 Housing Element Monitoring and General Plan Consistency As required by State law, the City will review the status of Housing Element programs annually. Annual review will cover consistency between the Housing Element and the other General Plan Elements. As portions of the General Plan are amended, the Housing Element will be reviewed and revised to ensure that internal consistency is maintained. Ongoing as the Elements and General Plan are updated. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to review elements of the General Plan to ensure their internal consistency, including the Housing Element. Ongoing. Other 1 City of Cupertino General Plan Policy HE-2.1 market-rate residential developments, help mitigate project related impacts on affordable housing needs. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Implemented via Municipal Manual. Staff will continue to ensure that all new related impacts on affordable housing needs through the application review process and collection of related fees. Other 1 City of Cupertino Housing Mitigation Manual Policy HE-2.2 Encourage the development of diverse housing stock that provides a range of housing types (including smaller, moderate- cost housing) and affordability levels. Emphasize the provision of housing for lower and moderate-income households, including wage earners who provide employees, municipal and public safety employees, etc.) Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to encourage the development of housing at all affordability levels through the release of an annual BMR notice of funding availability and through enforcement of the inclusionary housing policy of the Housing Mitigation Manual during the application review process. In 2024, staff continues to review the application for the Vallco/The Rise project, which is projected to produce 2,669 units, with 134 very-low income units and 756 low income units. Ongoing. Other 2 November 2025 NOFA, City of Cupertino Housing Mitigation Manual Policy HE-2.3 Make every reasonable effort to disperse affordable units throughout the community but not at the expense of undermining the fundamental goal of providing affordable units. Ensure that the City's development standards accommodate housing needed by persons with special needs. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to make every reasonable effort to dispurse affordable units throughout the City to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing by requiring inclusionary housing as part of market rate housing as In addition, during development of the City's priority housing sites inventory, the City evaluated sites through a diverse selection of neighborhoods to avoid creating areas of housing segregation while maintianing the fundamental priority of providing affordable housing units and ensuring that development standards accomodate persons with special needs. Ongoing. Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-2.3.1 Support Affordable Housing Development areas with low renter-occupied households to enhance housing mobility and integrate ownership/rental units, and in areas with high housing cost burden. The City supports affordable housing development by prioritizing permit processing for 100% affordable projects for special-needs groups (seniors, disabled, female- including single-family residential areas, to reduce displacement risk. To encourage affordable housing, the City will promote the density bonus ordinance, streamline application processes, offer fee deferrals, and consider development fee exemptions for 100% affordable projects, emphasizing high-resource areas and those with limited current rental approval for land divisions, lot line adjustments, or specific/master plans yielding parcel sizes enabling 50% affordable housing development, and process related fee deferrals for these subdivision projects. Collaboration with public and private sponsors will identify candidate sites for new construction of Ongoing as projects are proposed. Annually apply for state/federal funds as projects become available. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to review and prioritize the development of affordable housing as opportunities become available. In 2024, no projects were ready to receive state/federal assistance. In 2025, staff identified the PLHA and HomeKey+ grants as potential sources for the Housing Project. On April 15, 2025, the City awarded $908,683 of PLHA funding and $174,567.37 of CDBG funding to the Mary Ave project. Ongoing. Other 1 City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan HE-2.3.2 Office and Industrial Housing Mitigation Program The City will continue to implement the Office and Industrial Housing Mitigation Program. This program requires that developers of office, commercial, and industrial space pay a mitigation fee, which will then be used to support affordable housing in Cupertino. These mitigation fees are collected and deposited in the City’s Below Market- Rate Affordable Housing Fund. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Housing Mitigation Manual updated in May 2024, to require BMR units with projects over 5 units. The office, commercial, and industrial space to pay a mitigation fee to support affordable housing. Mitigated fees are collected and deposited into the City's BMR Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) for the following fiscal years (FY) the following mitigation fees were collected and deposited and in the BMR AFH fund. In 2023, there was $175,873.48 in BMR AHF funds collected. In 2024, no funds were collected in BMR AHF funds from the Office and Industrial Housing Mitigation Program. In 2025, $458,196.64 funds were collected into the BMR AHF fund. Staff will continue to collect Other 1 City of Cupertino Housing Mitigation Manual HE-2.3.3 Residential Housing Mitigation Program Residential Housing Mitigation Program (BMR) to address affordable housing needs created by new market-rate residential development. The BMR program prioritizes occupancy for Cupertino residents, full-time employees, and public service employees, as defined in the Residential Housing Mitigation Manual. For for-sale developments, 20% for-sale BMR units are required (or rental alternatives). For rental developments, 15% very low- and low-income BMR units are mandated. A rental alternative allows on-site rental BMR units in for-sale or market-rate rental developments if developers agree to limit rents for financial contribution/density bonus assistance, and provide very low/low-income BMR units. Guidelines for affordable sales prices and rents for new affordable housing are continuously implemented and updated annually based on new income guidelines. Developers can meet BMR or Housing Mitigation fee requirements by making land available for the City/nonprofit to construct affordable housing, or by constructing required BMR units off-site in Ongoing as projects are proposed. Monitor the program annually. it appears to be a constraint and make changes within one year. 6th Cycle Continuous The City has not heard any concerns about its BMR program being a constraint to development at this time and is not required to prepare an economic feasibility report at this time. Staff will continue to implement the housing mitigation program to ensure market developments include affordable units as a portion of housing units made to the mitigation program guidelines to allow alternatives ways to satisfy BMR requirements as neccesary. The program and any subsequent changes will be monitored through tracking of housing production in the APR. In 2024 and 2025, staff continues to review the application for the Vallo/The Rise project, which is projected to Units 892 Alan Row BMR Agreement, Bianchi Way BMR Agreement, RISE Vallco BMR Agreement HE-2.3.4 Below Market- Rate (BMR) Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) support affordable housing projects, strategies, and services, including, but not limited to: BMR Program Administration Substantial rehabilitation Land acquisition Acquisition and/or rehabilitation of buildings for permanent affordability New construction Preserving “at-risk” BMR units Rental operating subsidies Down payment assistance Direct gap financing Fair housing The City will target a portion of the BMR AHF to benefit extremely low income households and persons with special needs (such as the elderly, victims of domestic violence, and the disabled, including persons with developmental disabilities), to the extent that these target populations are found to be consistent with the needs identified in the nexus study the City prepares to identify the connection, or “nexus” between new developments and the need for affordable housing. lower income households will be Annual publication of a Request for Proposals. Ongoing as applicants for BMR funding are received. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to annual publish a Request for Proposals for the Below Market Rate Affordable Housing Funds and will review applications to ensure that they meet the fund guidelines and further the City's affordable housing goals. In 2024, approximately $4.8 million dollars have been made available. Projects which include ELI units or are geographically located in areas with low percentages of renter- occupied households or areas with high rates of cost burden will be prioritized. In 2024, this NOFA was released in November and received two applications: the Mary Ave Affordable housing project, which is planned to produce 40 units, with 19 very low-income units, 20 extremely low-income Other 2 City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan, November 2025 NOFA 255 PC 03-09-2026 255 of 267 HE-2.3.5 Housing Resources interested in providing affordable housing in the city have access to a variety of resources administered by other agencies. The City will continue to provide information on housing resources and services offered by the County and other outside agencies. These include, but are not limited to: Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) – Santa Clara County Housing and Community Development Department. First-Time Homebuyer Assistance and Developer Loans for Multifamily Development - Housing Trust Silicon Valley (HTSV). Housing Choice Vouchers (Section 8) - (HASCC). Affordable housing development - Santa Clara County HOME Consortium. The City will also continue to identify and pursue various affordable housing resources available at the local, regional, state, and federal levels that in the community. Outreach on these programs will be conducted citywide, but extra focus will be given to areas with historically higher areas of income Annually identify and pursue housing resources as opportunities become available. Update the website as needed. 6th Cycle Continuous Information and technical provided by City Staff and Rise Housing Solution, BMR program administrator. Staff will continue to research and pursue housing funds from federal, state, and regional sources to support affordable housing and provide relevant information to residents through the City website as projects become available. In 2025, staff connected the developers of the Mary Ave project with information regarding state and local resources such as Homekey+, PLHA, and HTSV. Ongoing. Other 1 Consortium Agreement Amendment 1 HE-2.3.6 Surplus Faith-Based Housing developers/organizations to acquire surplus properties, infill lots, and greenfields for affordable housing development, encouraging mixed-use. This includes identifying underutilized public/church properties and maintaining an inventory of vacant City/publicly-owned land (donated or acquired). The City will then release RFPs to solicit developer interest, potentially declaring land as ‘surplus’. This inventory will be publicized on the City website, made available to non- profit developers, and affordable housing prioritized per the Surplus Lands Act. To enhance housing mobility for lower-income households, outreach to religious institutions will inform them of SB 4 development rights and encourage housing proposals within one year of Housing Element adoption. If no application is received from a faith- based site within twelve months, the City will expand annual outreach via direct mailings highlighting successful projects and available City resources, focusing on religious institutions in lower-density neighborhoods to promote mobility. Long-term land leases Update surplus City properties list within one year of adoption. Send RFP in compliance with Surplus Lands Act. Meet with affordable housing developers biennially. Outreach to faith-based groups within one year of adoption and if new legislation is adopted. If no applications by December 2025, annual outreach. 6th Cycle Continuous The City worked with local public agencies, school districts, and churches to identify surplus properties that have the potential for residential development during the Housing Element update between 2021 and 2023. There were no surplus properties available from any school districts for the City to pursue. The City continued to support the Rotating Safe Car Park property. The City has seen an interest from St. Jude's Church for a development of a portion of their property with affordable housing. The City has rezoned this property to accommodate the development that they envision as part of the 6th Cycle Housing Element update. Staff will maintain a list of surplus City properties that will Meetings 1 Sacred Land Flyer, Email outreach HE-2.3.7 Incentives for Affordable Housing Development incentives to facilitate the development of affordable housing. These include: Financial assistance through the City’s Below-Market Rate Affordable Housing Fund (BMR AHF) and Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds. Partner with CDBG and/or support the funding application of qualified affordable housing developers for regional, state, and federal affordable housing funds, including HOME funds, Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC), and mortgage revenue bonds. Density bonus incentives Flexible development standards Technical assistance. Waiver of park dedication fees and construction tax Parking ordinance waivers Expedited permit processing Development of housing for lower- income households will be facilitated citywide, but extra focus will be given to areas with currently low percentages of renter-occupied households to facilitate housing mobility and integration of ownership and rental units. Additionally, focus will be given to areas with high and publish RFPs. If additional incentives are needed, adopt within one year. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to publish RFPs for affordable housing funds and annaully review incentives provided to encourage affordable housing development. Projects which include ELI located in areas with low percentages of renter- occupied households or areas with high rates of cost burden will be prioritized. On April 15, 2025, the City awarded 3 million dollars of the BMR AHF fund to the Mary Ave project and $1,083,200 to the Wolfe Rd project, prioritizing the Mary Ave project due to having ELI units. Ongoing. Other 1 City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan, November 2025 NOFA HE-2.3.8 Density Bonus Ordinance The City will continue to review and revise the Zoning Code to be consistent with State density bonus law. Although most housing developers are familiar with density bonus law and frequently request bonuses, concessions, waivers, and parking reductions, the city will provide available guidelines and other information to developers regarding the bonus for all affordable housing developments. Update ordinance by June 2025. Annually review and revise as needed. 6th Cycle Completed Every housing development with more than 5 units has utilitzed Density Bonus, waivers, incentives and parking reductions in some capacity. As of the 2021 Density Bonus Ordinance update (Ordinance 21- 2230), language has been added in the local ordinance which states that if any discrepancies exist between local and state law, state law will take precedence. Staff will continue to review and revise the zoning code to be consistent with State density bonus law if needed. Complete as of November 5, 2021. Other 1 Ordinance 21-2230 HE-2.3.9 Review Impact Fees To ensure that impact fees are not a constraint on the development of housing, the City will: Review and revise impact fees by researching surrounding jurisdictions to determine other possible fee structures, grant funding opportunities and similar funding sources, review of average persons per unit at higher densities of development and will consider: Alternatives, such as privately owned, publicly accessible (POPA) areas, or allowing parkland credit for pedestrian connections and trails. Incorporating priority processing, granting fee waivers or deferrals for 100 percent affordable projects, and modifying development standards. Review impact fee by December 2025, revise if needed by June 2026. 6th Cycle In Progress Staff already grant impact fee and construction tax waivers for all affordable units (whether the development is 100% affordable or not). It is the City's policy to continue to prioritize 100% affordable houring projects. All 100% affordable housing projects are eligible for state density bonus waivers, which allow the standards. Additionally, many parts of the City allow unlimited density due to proximity to major transity stops. Therefore, almost no development standards apply to such projects nor are such projects subject to the payment of any parkland fees in lieu of dedication. For projects which are not 100% affordable, the City will review parkland fees in lieu of dedication to consider credit for public Other 1 City Work Plan 2025 - 2027 HE-2.3.10 Extremely Low- Income Housing development for extremely low-income households, particularly seniors, domestic violence victims, and persons with disabilities (including developmental disabilities), through various actions. Citywide facilitation will occur, but priority is given to areas with low renter-occupied households for housing mobility and ownership/rental integration, and areas with high housing cost burden. Financing assistance will be provided via BMR AHF and CDBG funds. The City will annually review State/Federal NOFAs and support funding applications for affordable housing projects. A priority processing procedure for extremely low-income units will be adopted within one year of Housing Element adoption. Parking reductions will be granted as required by density bonus law and other state statutes. Regulatory incentives for housing (including emergency/transitional housing) will be expanded. The City will collaborate with developers to evaluate additional proposed development standards reductions for projects including Adopt zoning code amendments within 9 months of findings. Conduct outreach by December 2024. Annually inform developers of findings. 6th Cycle Continuous New zoning development standards were adopted in and processing. (Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). The annual NOFA for the City's BMR AHF fund was issued in November. All projects which include ELI units will be prioritized as identified in the Housing Element. Processing for projects with affordable units are streamlined and codified in the zoning code. The City hosted a developer outreach event on February 27, 2025 in partnership with other cities to promote the use of development incentives for projects which contain ELI units, such as waivers and concessions. The City also discussed the availability of Density Bonus waivers and incentives for developments with Other 3 November 2025 NOFA, Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer, Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-2.3.11 Assistance for Persons with Developmental Disabilities opportunities and support persons with developmental disabilities, the City will: Provide referrals to the San Andreas Regional Center to inform families with persons with developmental disabilities of the resources available to them. Continue to support the development of small group homes that serve developmentally disabled adults; adopt a policy to establish priority processing and offer fee waivers or deferrals within one year of Housing Element adoption. Work with the nonprofit community to encourage the inclusion of units for persons with developmental disabilities in future affordable housing developments. Encourage housing providers to pursue funding sources designated for persons with special needs and disabilities and notify housing providers of available funding opportunities as they become available. Offer technical assistance to project developers on funding applications. Encourage housing providers to designate a portion of new affordable housing developments for persons with disabilities, including persons with Adopt priority processing and fee deferrals within one year of adoption. Meet with providers by December 2024. Annually coordinate with regional offices. 6th Cycle Continuous The City hosted a developer outreach event on February 27, 2025 in partnership with other cities to promote the use of development incentives for projects which contain IDD units, such as Density Bonus waivers and offerred support for qualifying grant funding applications. It promoted an opportunity site at 20149 Stevens Creek Blvd, a parcel with proximity to services, including West Valley Community Services, which is well suited for IDD units. Outreach for the event City continues to support and encourage the development of housing for persons with developmental disabilities through the Mary Ave Affordable Housing project, which will contain Other 2 Silicon Valley @ Home, City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan HE-2.3.12 Live/Work Units Encourage the development or conversion of affordable live/workspace units to reduce displacement of residents and employees, specifically when replacing older strip mall type developments along busier streets to preserve the more urban and mixed-use character of the street. This would allow use while the residential portion of the units would be located towards the rear of the site or in upper floors. The City will also help to market the Homeownership Assistance Programs offered by Housing Trust Silicon Valley (HTSV) in an effort to expand affordable homeownership options. Conduct outreach by June 2025, adopt zoning amendments if neccesary by December 2025. Annually monitor applications and modify if needed. 6th Cycle Completed Staff created a flyer to promote Live/Work units and distributed it through outreach to commercial was sent out on December 8, 2025 via email and on December 24, 2025 in the December edition of the Business Connect Newsletter. Zoning amendments will be pursued if feedback deems them neccesary. The City will continue to help advertise Homeownership Assistance Programs offered by HTSV through the City website. Other 1 Live Work Units Flyer, Business Connect Newsletter December 2025, Email outreach Policy HE-3.1 Pursue and/or provide funding for the acquisition/rehabilitation of housing that is affordable to very low, low, and moderate income households. Actively support and assist nonprofit and for-profit developers in producing affordable units. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to release an annual notice of funding available for both local BMR funds as well as federal CDBG funds, and make avilalbe HOME, as well as state PLHA funds, to provide funding to maintain existing affordable housing stock. Ongoing. Other 1 November 2025 NOFA Policy HE-3.2 Assist lower-income homeowners and rental property owners in maintaining and repairing their housing units. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous In 2024, CDBG funds were provided to the non-profit organization, Rebuilding Together Silicon Valley, in the amount of $92,536 to provide rehabilitation services to low-income homeowners in the City of Cupertino, which served 9 households. In 2025, $96,237 was provided which served 7 households. Units 16 2024-2025 CAPER Policy HE-3.3 The City's existing multifamily units provide opportunities for households of varied income levels. Preserve existing multifamily housing stock, including existing duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes, by preventing the net loss of multifamily housing units upon remodeling, with new development and the existing inventory of affordable housing units that are at risk of converting to market- rate housing. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to make funding available for the conservation of affordable housing units at risk of converting to market rate housing through using BMR, CDBG, HOME, and PLHA programs through deed restriction via rehabilitation and conversion. Ongoing. Other 1 November 2025 NOFA HE-3.3.1 Residential Rehabilitation The City will continue to: Use its BMR AHF and CDBG funds to support residential rehabilitation efforts in the community. These include: Acquisition/rehabilitation of rental housing. Rehabilitation of owner-occupied housing. Provide assistance for home safety repairs and mobility/accessibility improvements to income-qualified owner-occupants using CDBG funds. The focus of this strategy is on the correction of safety hazards. Partner with and/or support the funding application of qualified affordable housing developers for regional, state, and federal affordable housing funds, including HOME funds, LIHTC, and mortgage revenue bonds. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to support residential rehabilitation of low- income homes in partnership with Rebuilding Together Silicon Valley through financial support in the CDBG program. In 2024, $92,536 was provided to this program and 9 households were served. In 2025, $96,237 was provided which served 7 households. Ongoing. Units 16 2024-2025 CAPER 256 PC 03-09-2026 256 of 267 HE-3.3.2 Preservation of At- Risk Housing Units Transitional Housing (4 units), and Sunny View West (100 units), as well as several below-market rate (BMR) units are considered at risk of converting to For units at risk of converting to market rate, the City shall: Contact property owners of units at risk of converting to market-rate housing three years before affordability expiration to discuss the City’s commitment to preserve these units as affordable housing. Coordinate with owners of expiring subsidies to ensure the required notices to tenants and to affordable housing developers are sent out at 3 years, 12 months, and 6 months or otherwise as required by state law. Reach out to agencies and to nonprofit housing developers interested in purchasing or otherwise preserving at- risk units. Work with tenants and other organizations to reduce displacement and refer residents to an agency that can assist in providing alternative housing, if preservation is not possible. Ensure that tenants have received all Ongoing, conduct outreach to property owners 3 years prior to expiration of contracts as needed. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to reach out to property owners as their affordable units approach the 3 years, 12 months, and 6 months deadlines to ensure that proper noticing is sent out to tenants informing them of ther affordability restrictions of their unit expiring. Whenever possible, staff will work with nonprofit housing developers to preserve able to extend the affordability restriction of Greenwood Ct Apartments to 2116. Staff has confirmed in 2025 that the 8 units at the Beardon Dr Apartments continue to be offered at affordable rents despite affordability restriction expiring. In 2024, Aviare, Forge Homestead, and Park City Center were contacted by staff to ensure proper noticing procedures were Units 114 Resolution 25-051, RISE Vallco BMR Agreement HE-3.3.3 Condominium Conversions The existing Condominium Conversion Ordinance regulates the conversion of rental units in multifamily housing development to preserve the rental housing stock. Condominium conversions are not allowed if the rental vacancy rate in Cupertino and certain adjacent areas is less than 5 percent at the time of the application for conversion and has averaged 5 percent over the past six months. The City will continue to monitor the effectiveness of this ordinance in providing opportunities for homeownership while preserving a balanced housing stock with rental housing. Annually monitor ordinance and as projects are proposed. 6th Cycle Continuous The City continues to monitor the effectiveness of this ordinance by homeownership while preserving a balanced housing stock with rental housing. Staff will continue to monitor the balance and growth of rental and ownership housing annually through the APR and will consider the effectiveness of the Condominium Conversion Ordinance. Ongoing. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-3.3.4 Housing Preservation Program redevelopment of a site would cause a loss of multifamily housing, the City will grant approval only if: The project will comply with the City’s Below Market Rate Housing Mitigation Program Procedural Manual; is at least equal to the number of existing units; Adverse impacts on displaced tenants, are mitigated; and same or deeper affordability, with the same number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and comparable square footage to the units demolished and provides displaced tenants with right of first refusal to rent new comparable units at the same rent as demolished units. The City will review the program biannually and revise as needed; if revisions are needed, they will be adopted within one year of determination of need. In addition, indirect displacement may be caused by factors such as increased market rents as areas become more desirable. The Ongoing as projects are proposed. Review program biennially. 6th Cycle Continuous The City must comply with state law and federal assistance to displaced tenants as projects are proposed/constructed. Staff will continue to review and approve development applications only if the number of housing units proposed is greater than the existing count and that any adverse impacts on displaced tenants are mitigated in accordance with No Net Loss provisions. The program will be reviewed bienually. Ongoing. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-3.3.5 Park Land Ordinance The City will review and revise its Park Land Ordinance to reduce any potential constraints on residential development space. The City will review requirements for higher-density projects and evaluate the possibility of open space credits. revise by June 2026.6th Cycle In Progress The City currently has a Park Land Ordinance which requires that developments pay a park impact fee with an option to earn a park fee credit through the provision of on-site open space. In 2025, the City received applications for two a significant number of affordable housing units that also requested park current policy for the higher density projects. The Wolfe Rd Educator housing project will provide 60 very low, 120 low, 67 moderate income units, 2 manager units, and is able to proceed under current City policies. The Vallco RISE will provide 134 very-low income units and 756 low income units through the BMR program and was Other 1 City Work Plan 2025 - 2027 HE-3.3.6 Tenant Protections Study rent stabilization and tenant protection ordinances in California and displacement in Cupertino due to rising rents and evictions. Work with relevant stakeholders to establish tenant protection and/or a rent stabilization to ensure protection for renters, as appropriate based on findings. Complete study by ordinance by June 2026. 6th Cycle In Progress Throughout development of the Housing Element, staff was directed by City Council to address anti- displacement for tenants of BMR units with expiring affordability covanents as a high priority. In December 19, 2024, staff during a Special Meeting of the Housing address the needs of households in expiring BMR rental units. On June 17, 2025, the City adopted the new policy via City Council Resolution (25- 051) that revised the BMR Admin Manual, giving highest priority to tenants of expiring BMR rental units reapplying to the program waitlist to be rehoused, and created an expedited application for the process. On February 21, 2025 the BMR Units 114 Resolution 25-051, RISE Vallco BMR Agreement HE-3.3.7 Monitor Nongovernmental Constraints Monitor Nongovernmental Constraints Impeding Residential Development. The City will monitor residential developments that have been approved by the City and where building permits or final maps have not been obtained, the City will make diligent efforts to have not been constructed within two years after approval. If due to nongovernmental constraints, such as rapid increases in construction costs, shortages of labor or materials, or rising interest rates, to the extent appropriate identify actions that may help to reduce or remove these constraints. Additionally, the City will proactively work with stakeholders to identify nongovernmental constraints or other considerations that may impede the construction of housing in Cupertino and work collaboratively to find strategies and actions that can eliminate or reduce identified constraints. Ongoing, monitor two years after project approvals. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to monitor approved developments and work with developers to remove any nongovernmental constraints which may be impeding completion. Feedback from developers on constraints to development was solicited during the outreach event held on February 27, 2025. Overall, developers stated that largest constraint impeding affordable housing development continues to be the lack of available funding. The City will continue to release annual NOFAs to make opportunities available to for affordable housing developments to apply for developers to support them in their applications for other funding sources. Other 2 Silicon Valley @ Home Developer Roundtable Flyer, November 2025 NOFA Policy HE-4.1 Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to ensure energy and water conservation in new development through the application process. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-4.1.1 Enforcement of Title 24 The City will continue to enforce Title 24 requirements for energy conservation and will evaluate using some of the other suggestions as identified in the Environmental Resources/Sustainability Element. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Implemented through the Municipal Code. The City has Chapter 16.58, Green Building Standards Code, that requires certain projects to achieve LEED certification or similar. Staff will continue to enforce Title 24 requirements through the review and approval of development applications. Ongoing Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-4.1.2 Sustainable Practices The City will continue to implement the Landscape Ordinance for water conservation and the Green Building primarily to new residential and nonresidential development, additions, renovations, and tenant improvements of 10 or more units. To further the objectives of the Green Building Ordinance, the City will evaluate the potential to provide incentives, such as waiving or reducing fees, for energy conservation improvements at affordable housing projects (existing or new) with fewer than 10 units to exceed the minimum requirements of the will also implement the policies in its climate action plan to achieve residential-focused greenhouse gas emission reductions and further these community energy and water conservation goals. Ongoing as projects are proposed. Consider additional incentives if neccesary by June 2025. 6th Cycle Continuous Implemented through the Municipal Code. No need for additional incentives has been expressed thus far from outreach to developers. Staff will continue to enforce the Landscape Ordinance and the Green Building Ordinance requirements through the review and approval of development applications. Ongoing. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-4.1.3 Sustainable, Energy-Efficient Housing The City will work with and support housing developers to develop sustainable, energy-efficient housing. Such development should include solar panels, green roofs, energy-efficient lighting, and other features that aim toward carbon-neutral impacts while lowering energy costs. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to review and approve applications for housing development that utilize sustainable, energy efficient practices. Ongoing. Other 1 Done through 2025 APR (no attachment) HE-4.1.4 Water and Wastewater Priority Consistent with the provisions of state law, the City will immediately forward its adopted Housing Element to its water and wastewater providers so they can grant priority for service allocations to proposed developments that include units affordable to lower-income households. Concurent with HE adoption 6th Cycle Completed Staff forwarded the certified 2023-2031 Housing Element to water and wastewater providers after receiving a letter of substantial compliance from HCD. Complete as of January 2025. Other 1 Letter to Water and Wastewater Providers Policy HE-5.1 Support organizations that provide services to lower-income and special needs households in the City, such as persons experiencing homelessness, extremely low- income households, seniors, large households, persons with disabilities, and single-parent households. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to support non-profit organizations CDBG, BMR, and HSG program which releases funds on an annual basis through a notice of funding availability. Ongoing. Other 1 November 2025 NOFA HE-5.1.1 Emergency Shelters The City commits to complying with the requirements of state law regarding emergency shelters. As part of this compliance, the City will: Continue to facilitate housing opportunities for special-needs persons by allowing emergency shelters as a permitted use, without discretionary review in the R4 zoning district and in the Quasi Public (BQ) zoning district. Amend the definition of emergency shelters to include other interim interventions, including but not limited to, navigation centers, bridge housing, and respite or recuperative care. Amend the Zoning Code to allow emergency shelters as a permitted use, without discretionary review, in the new R4 zoning district. Review and revise managerial standards, consistent with State law. Adopt zoning code amendment by June 2024.6th Cycle Completed Amendments to zoning code were approved through a public hearing before the City Council. (Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024. The City of Cupertino has joined with other West Valley Cities to study opportunities to addressed issues faced by the unhoused, including the development of temporary and emergency housing facilities. On April 5, 2025 the City Council authorized the City Manager to sign an MOU for the combined effort to execute a group contract with GoodCity to conduct the study. The results preliminary results of the study has been shared with staff as of November 2025 and will be made public in early 2026. Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261, Executed West Valley Shelter Feasibility Study Memorandum of Understanding HE-5.1.2 Supportive Households and Persons with Special Needs The City will continue to use its BMR AHF, CDBG funds, and General Fund Human Service Grants (HSG) funds to provide for a range of supportive services for lower-income households and persons with special needs. Annual publication of a Request for Proposals. Ongoing as applicants for funding are received. 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to annual publish a Request for Proposals for low- income public services and will review applications to ensure that they meet the fund guidelines and further the City's low-income service goals. In 2024, the following organizations received funding: •CDBG $19,054.05 to Live Oak Adult Day Services, a senior adult day care. •CDBG $35,974.05 to West Valley Community Services (WVCS) CARE Program, a community access to resource and education program. •HSG $10,000 to Catholic Charities of Santa Clara County, a long-term care ombudsman program. •HSG $24,678.11 to Maitri, a transitional housing direct client services program. •HSG $16,287.55 to Senior Other 1 City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan 257 PC 03-09-2026 257 of 267 HE-5.1.3 Rotating Safe Car Park The City will continue to support the operation of a Rotating Safe Car Park program in collaboration with local nonprofit service providers, such as West Valley Community Services. Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to review and approve applications for the Rotating Safe Car Park program for Cupertino the program through financial contributions whenever possible. In 2024, the City of Cuperitno provided $25,000 to the Rotating Safe Car Park program which served 27 households. In 2025, the City approved three host sites for the RSCP: Bethel Lutheran Church, St. Jude's, and Peninsula Bible Church. Ongoing. Other 3 Approved RCSP Host Site Applications HE-5.1.4 Low Barrier Navigation Center and Supportive Housing The City will amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow supportive housing and low-barrier navigation centers for the homeless by right in mixed-use and nonresidential zoning districts where multifamily uses are permitted, per state law. Amend zoning code by December 2024.6th Cycle Completed Amendments to zoning code were approved through a public hearing before the City Council. (Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024. Amendments were reviewed by HCD prior to adoption. Complete as of July 2024. The City of Cupertino has joined with other West Valley Cities to study opportunities to addressed issues faced by the unhoused, including the development of temporary and emergency housing facilities. On April 5, 2025 the City Council authorized the City Manager to sign an MOU for the combined effort to execute a group contract with GoodCity to conduct the study. The results preliminary results of the study has been shared with staff as of November 2025 and will be made Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261, Executed West Valley Shelter Feasibility Study Memorandum of Understanding HE-5.1.5 Residential Care Facilities The Zoning Ordinance now allows residential care facilities for six clients or fewer to be treated as a single-family use consistent with state law. The City will amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow larger residential care facilities that operate as a single housekeeping unit in all zones that permit residential uses, with objective standards similar to those applied to other residential uses permitted in that zoning district. Amend zoning code by December 2024.6th Cycle Completed Amendments to zoning code were approved through a public hearing before the City Council. (Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024. Amendments were reviewed by HCD prior to adoption. Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 HE-5.1.6 Manufactured Homes The City will amend the Zoning Code to permit manufactured homes, as defined in state law, in the same manner and in the same zoning districts as permitted. Amend zoning code by December 2024.6th Cycle Completed Amendments to zoning code were approved through a public hearing before the City Council. (Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261). Complete as of July 2024. Amendments were reviewed by HCD prior to Other 1 Resolution 24-039, Ordinance 24-2262, Ordinance 24-2261 Policy HE-6.1 The City will work to eliminate on a citywide basis all unlawful discrimination in housing with respect to age, race, sex, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, ethnic background, medical condition, or other arbitrary factors, so that all persons can obtain decent housing. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous The City will continue to combat housing discrimination through the investigation and enforcement of fair housing law and education of landlords through Project Other 1 2024-2025 CAPER Policy HE-6.2 public education around the issue of housing equity and education about the history of racial segregation to build community and raise awareness. This should include more opportunities for community dialogue and shared experiences. Outreach about these programs will be conducted citywide, but extra focus will be given to areas where long-term patterns of income segregation may be more prevalent. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous The City will continue to collaborate with nonprofit proviers of fair housing housing legal defense to educate and raise awareness on systemic housing inequalities within the community. Ongoing. Other 1 West Valley Housing Resource Fair Flyer HE-6.2.1 Fair Housing Services Partner with a local fair housing service provider, such as Project Sentinel, to provide fair housing services, which and investigation of fair housing complaints. Partner with a local fair housing service provider, such as Project Sentinel, to provide direct services for residents, landlords, and other housing professionals. Among other things, this may use such vouchers without discrimination. Partner with a local fair housing service provider, such as Project Sentinel, to assist individuals with housing problems such as discrimination and rental issues including repairs, and provide information and counseling regarding rights and responsibilities under California tenant landlord law. Additionally, provide annual training to landlords on fair housing rights and responsibilities with the intent of reducing, or eliminating, discrimination. Coordinate with efforts of the Santa Clara County Fair Housing Consortium Annual fair housing training for landlords. period. 6th Cycle Continuous The City of Cupertino will continue to maintain an annual contract with Project Sentinel for the provision of fair housing services, tenant-landlord housing education through outreach, counselling, and investgations. In 2024, $50,000 was provided to this program which provided service to 65 households. In 2025, $50,000 was provided to this program which provided service to 77 households. Two outreach events related to fair housing will be held during the planning period in coordination with the Santa Clara County Fair Housing Consortium. The first outreach, the West Valley Housing Resource Fair, was held on April 21, 2025. Households 142 West Valley Housing Resource Fair Flyer, 2024-2025 CAPER HE-6.2.2 Affirmative Marketing The City will work with affordable housing developers to ensure that affordable housing is affirmatively marketed to households with disproportionate housing needs, including Hispanic and Black households who work in and live outside of Cupertino (e.g., materials in Spanish and English, distributed through employers). Ongoing as projects are proposed.6th Cycle Continuous As of 2025, City housing staff has developed a list of 50 local employers to distribute marketing matierals for affordable housing. Outreach will be conducted citywide, but extra marketing efforts will be requested of developers working in or around areas with historically higher areas of potential income segregation. As projects be shared with the City's BMR Administrator. Projects which provide higher amounts of low- income housing to be prioritized. Ongoing. Other 1 Outreach Master List HE-6.2.3 Housing Mobility Work with a local fair housing service provider, such as Project Sentinel, to contact rental property owners and managers of multifamily apartment complexes to provide fair housing information and assistance. This outreach will include promoting the Housing Choice Voucher (Section 8) program to landlords that have not previously participated in the program and will target use of multi-lingual materials. Target additional outreach to higher-income neighborhoods. period.6th Cycle Continuous The City of Cupertino will continue to maintain an annual contract with Project Sentinel for the provision of fair housing services, tenant-landlord housing education through outreach, counselling, and investgations. Two outreach events related to fair housing will be held during the planning period in coordination with the Santa Clara County Fair Housing Consortium. The first outreach, the West Valley Housing Resource Fair, was held on April 21, 2025. Meetings 1 West Valley Housing Resource Fair Flyer HE-6.2.4 Housing Project Coordinator To support the implementation of the multiple new and expanded housing programs and policies identified in the Housing Element, assign a member of City staff as the housing project coordinator. This position would assist with developing outreach programs, writing and pursing grant applications, ongoing monitoring of affordable housing production, preservation and rehabilitation, coordination between affordable housing developers, the City, and partner agencies and tracking progress on the many initiatives identified in this Housing Element. Complete by 2025 6th Cycle Completed The City hired a Senior Housing Coordinator, a dedicated staff member to enact policies of the Housing Element. Complete as of June 2024. Housing Coordinator to further these efforts on October 2025. Persons 2 Nicky Vu Hire Letter, Evelin Meza Hire Letter Policy HE-7.1 The Cupertino community places a high value on the excellent quality of education provided by the three public school districts that serve residents. To ensure the long- term sustainability of the schools, teachers, and faculty, in tandem with the preservation and development of vibrant residential areas, the City will continue to coordinate with the Cupertino Union School District (CUSD), Fremont Union High School District (FUHSD), and Santa Clara Unified School District (SCUSD) Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to coordinate with local school districts by forwarding development projects for comment and review. Ongoing. Other 1 Outreach Master List Policy HE-7.2 Coordinate efforts with regional organizations, including Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), as well as neighboring jurisdictions, to address housing and related quality of life issues (such as air quality and transportation). Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to coordinate with regional organizations such as Association of Bay Area Governments, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Regional Group, and the Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative, to address housing and related quality of life issues. Ongoing. Other 1 2025 Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative Agreement Policy HE-7.3 Promote public-private partnerships to address housing needs in the community, especialy housing for the workforce. Ongoing 6th Cycle Continuous address workforce housing needs by engaging local employers and private organizations. Ongoing. Other 1 Outreach Master List HE-7.3.1 Coordinate with Outside Agencies and Organizations The City recognizes the importance of partnering with outside agencies and organizations in addressing local and regional housing issues. These may include, but are not limited to, the following: School districts De Anza College Housing providers Neighboring jurisdictions Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) Air Quality Management District Housing Trust Silicon Valley Santa Clara County Fair Housing Consortium Santa Clara County HOME Consortium Santa Clara County Continuum of Care (COC) (HASCC) Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) agencies/organizations periodically to discuss the changing needs, development trends, alternative approaches, and partnering opportunities. Ongoing as neccesary 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will continue to meet with local and regional agencies as neccesary throughout the planning period to ensure consistency, integration, and best praticies are relation to larger scale efforts. The City continues to regularly meet with and collaborate with other regional and local jurisdictions through the following groups: the Association of Bay Area Governments, the Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative, the Santa Clara County HOME Consortium, the Santa Clara County PLHA Consortium, the Regional CDBG/Housing Coordinators Group, the West Valley Housing/Unhoused Collaboration, and the Inter-City Unhoused Response Collaborative. Other 1 2025 Santa Clara County Planning Collaborative Agreement HE-7.3.2 Coordination with Local School Districts public schools, teachers, and faculty, in tandem with the preservation and development of vibrant residential areas, the City will coordinate biennially with the local school districts and colleges to identify housing needs and partnerships for affordable housing developments for school district employees and college students, including on school district properties, on a biannual basis. Depending on the outcome of these discussions with school districts and college leadership, the City will notify districts and partner developers about relevant funding opportunities as they become available, applications and offer other incentives. Outreach biennially 6th Cycle Continuous Staff will conduct biennial outreach to local school districts to solicite feedback on the emerging needs of teacher and student housing and to identify new opportunities as they become available. On April 15, 2025, the City awarded $1,083,200 to the Wolfe Rd Educator housing project, which is planned to produce 101 units of mixed-income housing for school district employees. In 2025, city housing staff have produced an outreach list for local schools and school districts, and will utilize the list for promoting student and teacher housing opportunities as they come available. Other 2 City of Cupertino 2025-2030 Consolidated Plan, Outreach Master List 258 PC 03-09-2026 258 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT epor ng Period 2025 an. - ec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Planning 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Description o Commercial Commercial Development Bonus Date Approved 3 4 APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID+ Very Low Income Low Income Moderate Income Above Moderate Income Description of Commercial Development Bonus Commercial Development Bonus Date Approved Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below Units Constructed as Part of Agreement Commercial Development Bonus Approved pursuant to GC Section 65915.7 Table E Note: "+" indicates an optional field Project Identifier 1 2 Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas (CCR Title 25 §6202) Annual Progress Report January 2020 25 9 PC 03-09-2026 259 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Note: "+" indicates an optional field Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 The description should adequately document how each unit complies with subsection (c) of Government Code Section 65583.1+. For detailed reporting requirements, see the chcklist here: Extremely Low- Income+ Very Low- Income+Low-Income+TOTAL UNITS+ Extremely Low- Income+ Very Low- Income+Low-Income+ TOTAL UNITS+ https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community- development/docs/adequate-sites-checklist.pdf Rehabilitation Activity Preservation of Units At-Risk Acquisition of Units Mobilehome Park Preservation Total Units by Income Table F Please note this table is optional: The jurisdiction can use this table to report units that have been substantially rehabilitated, converted from non-affordable to affordable by acquisition, and preserved, including mobilehome park preservation, consistent with the standards set forth in Government Code section 65583.1, subdivision (c). Please note, motel, hotel, hostel rooms or other structures that are converted from non-residential to residential units pursuant to Government Code section 65583.1(c)(1)(D) are considered net-new housing units and must be reported in Table A2 and not reported in Table F. Activity Type Units that Do Not Count Towards RHNA+ Listed for Informational Purposes Only Units that Count Towards RHNA + Note - Because the statutory requirements severely limit what can be counted, please contact HCD at apr@hcd.ca.gov and we will unlock the form which enable you to populate these fields. Units Rehabilitated, Preserved and Acquired for Alternative Adequate Sites pursuant to Government Code section 65583.1(c) Annual Progress Report January 202026 0 PC 03-09-2026 260 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Note: "+" indicates an optional field Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Notes 2 3 6 Prior APN+Current APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID Unit Category (2 to 4,5+) Tenure R=Renter Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Total Moderate Income Units Converted from Above Moderate Date Converted Notes Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table F2 Above Moderate Income Units Converted to Moderate Income Pursuant to Government Code section 65400. For up to 25 percent of a jurisdiction’s moderate-income regional housing need allocation, the planning agency may include the number of units in an existing multifamily building that were converted to deed-restricted rental housing for moderate-income households by the imposition of affordability covenants and restrictions for the unit. Before adding information to this table, please ensure housing developments meet the requirements described in Government Code 65400.2(b). 5 Project Identifier Unit Types 1 4 Affordability by Household Incomes After Conversion Units credited toward Moderate Income RHN 26 1 PC 03-09-2026 261 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPOR ous ng emen mp emen a on 2 3 4 APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID+ Realistic Capacity Identified in the Housing Element Entity to whom the site transferred Intended Use for Site 1 Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below Note: "+" indicates an optional field Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Table G Locally Owned Lands Included in the Housing Element Sites Inventory that have been sold, leased, or otherwise disposed of Project Identifier : s ta e must on y e e out t e ous ng element sites inventory contains a site which is or was owned by the reporting jurisdiction, and has been sold, leased, or otherwise disposed of during the reporting 26 2 PC 03-09-2026 262 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Note: "+" indicates an optional field Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Designation Size Notes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 APN Street Address/Intersection Existing Use Number of Units Surplus Designation Parcel Size (in acres)Notes 357-11-030 10301 Byrne Avenue Residential 1 Surplus Land 0.3 Property surplused 7/7/2023. NOTE: This table must contain an inventory of ALL surplus/excess lands the reporting jurisdiction owns Summary Row: Start Data Entry Belo Parcel Identifier ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Housing Element Implementation Table H Locall Owned Sur lus Sites 26 3 PC 03-09-2026 263 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31)Housing Element Implementation Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 Project Type Date n s (Beds/Student Notes 2 3 5 6 APN Street Address Project Name+ Local Jurisdiction Tracking ID+ Unit Category (SH - Student Housing) Date Very Low- Income Deed Restricted Very Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Low- Income Deed Restricted Low- Income Non Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Deed Restricted Moderate- Income Non Deed Restricted Above Moderate- Income Total Additional Beds Created Due to Density Bonus Notes Summary Row: Start Data Entry Below Note: "+" indicates an optional field Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Table J Student housing development for lower income students for which was granted a density bonus pursuant to subparagraph (F) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 65915 Project Identifier Units (Beds/Student Capacity) Approved 1 4 NOTE: STUDENT HOUSING WITH DENSITY BONUS ONLY. This table only needs to be completed if there were student housing projects WITH a density bonus approved pursuant to Government Code65915(b)(1)(F) Annual Progress Report January 202026 4 PC 03-09-2026 264 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) Planning Period 6th Cycle 01/31/2023 - 01/31/2031 YesDoes the Jurisdiction have a local tenant preference policy? If the jurisdiction has a local tenant preference policy, provide a link to the jurisdiction's webpage containing authorizing local ordinance and supporting materials. Notes Table K Tenant Preference Polic Local governments are required to inform HCD about any local tenant preference ordinance the local government maintains when the jurisdiction submits their annual progress report on housing approvals and production, per Government Code 7061 (SB 649, 2022, Cortese). Effective January 1, 2023, local governments adopting a tenant preference are required to create a webpage on their internet website containing authorizing local ordinance and supporting materials, no more than 90 days after the ordinance becomes operational. ur-City/Departments/Community-Development/Housing/BMR-Program-Overview#docaccess-eeb1f8ae5590957c680f3930c672b755af9a3 Last updated June 17, 2025 26 5 PC 03-09-2026 265 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Note: "+" indicates an optional field Reporting Period 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) Cells in grey contain auto-calculation formulas Size Notes 3 4 APN Street Address/Intersection Date of Designation Designation Level Historic Site Period Areas of Significance Parcel Size (in acres)Notes Summar Row: Historical Resources Parcel Identifier 1 Designation 2 NOTE: This table needs to be completed with any sites within your jurisdiction that were newly added to a National, State, or Local register of historic places within the reporting year. If none, leave blank. ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Housing Element Implementation Table L 26 6 PC 03-09-2026 266 of 267 Jurisdiction Cupertino Reporting Year 2025 (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31) Total Award Amount Total award amount is auto-populated based on amounts entered in rows 15-26. Task $ Amount Awarded $ Cumulative Reimbursement Requested Other Fundin Notes Summary of entitlements, building permits, and certificates of occupancy (auto-populated from Table A2) Current Year Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 1 Deed Restricte 4 Non-Deed Restricte 1 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 1 21 28 Current Year Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 17 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 18 Deed Restricte 1 Non-Deed Restricte 18 57 111 Current Year Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 0 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 14 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 14 Deed Restricte 0 Non-Deed Restricte 14 60 102 Moderate Above Moderate Total Units Completed Entitlement Issued by Affordability Summary Income Level Very Low Low Moderate Above Moderate Total Units Building Permits Issued by Affordability Summary Income Level Very Low Low Acutely Low Extremely Low Total Units Certificate of Occupancy Issued by Affordability Summary Income Level Very Low Low Moderate Above Moderate Acutely Low Extremely Low Acutely Low Extremely Low ANNUAL ELEMENT PROGRESS REPORT Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) Reporting (CCR Title 25 §6202) Please update the status of the proposed uses listed in the entity’s application for funding and the corresponding impact on housing within the region or jurisdiction, as applicable, categorized based on the eligible uses specified in Section 50515.02 or 50515.03, as applicable. -$ Task Status 267 PC 03-09-2026 267 of 267