Press Alt + R to read the document text or Alt + P to download or print.
This document contains no pages.
Hill Area Aug 75:.L
AL/tm 81,003. 22
April 18, 1975
Rev. July S, 1975
Hill Arca General. Plan Rev. August S, 1975
INDI"X:
1.
Character of the Area
- Part
I
2.
Land Use & Number of Dwell.ing Units
3.
Housing Opportunities
4.
Circulation
5.
Schools
- Part
II
6.
Util-ities; Pater Resources
7.
Scenic Resources; Parks
S.
Historical Resources
9.
Air Quality
•
' 10.
Agricultural Resources
^'
11.
Mineral Resources
-
12.
Vegetation and Wildlife
13.
Geologic Stability
14.
F:Lood and Fire hazard
15.
Slope -Density Formulas
- "
it
16.,
Conservation Measures
- u.
n
17.
Energy
-
1-0,
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE AREA
•
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
Introduction
One of the goals adopted by the Goals Committee relative to the foothills
was to `maintain the natural characteristics of the hill areas by providing
for low intensity residential activities". In order to evaluate the impacts
of the five alternatives, it is important to have an understanding of the
character of the hillsides as they presently exist. The issue of character
includes both the physical. makeup of the area in terms of natural and man
made features as well as a feeling one gets when in the foothills.
The lower. foothills of the Urban Service Area serve as a transition point
between the flat areas of the valley floor and the steeper slopes of the
Montebello Ridge. They represent residual pieces of large acreage which
were typical of the agricultural and open grassland areas of the past. The
lower foothills contain a variety of natural land formations as well as man
made features which have been divided into six subareas for the purposes of
identifying the character of the total study area. The area outside the
Urban Service Area also contains a variety of land forms and features which
can be discernable but for the purposes of this study they will be thought
of as one area. To aid in the analysis, illustrations of the subareas; as
perceived by a staff artist; have been made which help to capture the essence
of the hillsides.
Character Analysis_
• A. Lower Foothills (Urban Service Area)
1. The Church Property
The Church property, because of its large acreage, represents a
unique expanse of rolling grassland with the typical scrub trees
and Oaks native to California scattered both on the hilltops and
in the gully areas closely following the undulating terrain. This
is virtually the only piece of property in Cupertino that is like
this. There are no residential structures on it other than the Mary
Knoll,St. Joseph's Seminary and the cemetery. The only road running
through the property allows the visitor to experience a very peaceful,
pleasant drive with broad views both of the foothills beyond and the
valley floor below.
The Church property is physically separated from the valley floor
by the Oak lined creek as well as Foothill Expressway and Highway
280. It has remained almost isolated and untouched by urban
development although it is easily accessible to the public. The
Mary Knoll Seminary building is clearly visible from Highway 280
and represents a landmark for people traveling on the freeway. It
is a building whose architecture is of some significance and should
be retained regardless of the density of development permitted on
the property. The St. Joseph's Seminary further northwest is a group
• of buildings which is isolated and has less visibility to the public.
-1-
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
• Another man made 'feature which dominates the property is the power
lines which transverse the site, particularly on the western portion.
2. Voss Avenue and Alcalde Road
Leading south from the Church property is a small portion of the
hills which is contiguous both to the beginning portions of the
steeper terrain and the flat portions of the valley floor. Urbaniza-
tion has slowly crept up to the toe of the slope. Small parcels of
flat area have been retained which are contiguous to existing homes
that were built in a manner typical of the rest of the valley.
At the present time, the property is an open field used for grazing
horses and other assorted play activities of the neighboring children
and school. It gives a very rural feel to the neighborhood and
allows for some transition between the dense urban floor area and the
beginning of the hillsides. The wood and wire fences are typical of
the type of fencing used when the entire area was used for agriculture
and grazing purposes. The properties are highly visible from Foothill
Boulevard and surrounding properties and any type of development would
be a significant change in terms of character and visibility.
3. Inspiration Heights
• Inspiration Heights is characterized by steeper, more densely foliaged
terrain compared to the other properties described to the north. The
natural features of the area include a mixture of deciduous trees and
the typical scrub Oaks found in the ridge areas further west. 'Phe
terrain is much steeper which makes access difficult but provides
broad vistas of the valley floor as viewed from the higher elevations.
The dense growth helps to hide the man made features which have taken
the form of scattered residences which hug the minimal road system
that has developed in the area. The mixture of housing types includes
a variety of both modern, new structures to some older, smaller
buildings that have been neglected or minimally maintained. The broad
variety in the housing stock matches the urban area contiguous to the
hillsides which is a residual County pocket developed a number of years
ago under standards less stringent than required by the City both in
terms of building design and road standards. The entire area conveys
a very rural feel compared to the standard orderly developments of
the newer subdivisions of Cupertino. The streets themselves are in
various stages of repair and disrepair. Most of the streets in the
hills are asphalt paving with no curbs and gutters. Mail boxes are
placed at the street adjacent to dense shrubbery which hides many of
the homes. The Inspiration Heights area is visible from Foothill
Boulevard although most of the houses are hidden by trees.
Both in terms of man made features and the natural features, this
• area is a real departure from the rest of the valley floor. The
housing variety adds to the rustic, semi -rural character which was
more typical of the past.
50Z
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF TIH3 HILLSIDES
• 4. Lindy Canyon
The Lindy Canyon area is again a change from the properties to the
north. This area is very steep and will. allow for minimal develop-
ment according to any of the slope density formulas proposed. There
are few, if any, man made features or buildings in the area due to
the difficulty in developing and accessibility to the steeper slopes.
The property also includes a large gravel pit which has limited access
and no visibility from surrounding streets.
Development directly contiguous to the Lindy Canyon area is of higher
quality than the type described in Inspiration Heights. Most of the
homes are more modern in design and have attempted to follow the
natural terrain. The streets in to the areas meet City standards
in terms of paving and gutters but do not have sidewalks. There is
a large subdivision directly contiguous to this area to the east
which follows the traditional orderly type of development expected
in Cupertino`s single-family homes. The area is highly visible from
points along Bubb Road and within the adjoining subdivision. Due to
the steepness of the terrain, what little development permitted should
follow the natural features to allow for minimal impact on the stability
of the land.
5. Regnart Canyon
The Regnant Canyon area is almost completely hidden from the adjoining
road system. There is a marked transition between the established sub-
division adjoining it and the road and creek leading to the canyon area.
The dense growth along Regnart Creek virtually hides much of the area.
Once in the canyon, the typical grassy knolls and scrub Oak and
deciduous growth dominate. Regnart Road has recently been paved,
however, there are no curbs and gutters which adds to the semi -rural
protected area offering an escape from the rest of the valley floor area.
There are some existing homes in the Canyon. Some of them older, a
few new but minimal in terms of impact and visual break from the more
natural country feel that exists. The canyon itself is highly con-
trasted with the adjoining subdivision property which is of a high
quality, traditional design,form and density. There are no flatter
portions existing which could provide a transition between the dense
floor and the hilly canyon.
6. Seven Springs Ranch
The Seven Springs Ranch provides the last large piece of flat area
contiguous to the hills that is available for both urbanization or
agricultural uses. The ranch scene is typical of the valley floor
past both in terms of the feeling it creates and the uses that exist
on the property. There are only 19 units on the entire 145 acres at
• the present time. Farming is still taking place with the area planted
in both row crops and orchards. The railroad tracks and Rainbow Drive
-3-
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General flan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
• clearly delineate it from the adjoining subdivisions which have
stopped at these boundaries. The ranch itself includes not only
the flat portion but also a roiling terrain which serves as a pleasant
visual backdrop to the rather rural feel of the property. People
still ride horses in and around the area adding to the country
feeling that one has when near the property. The property is unique
not only because of the class II soil, but because it has not been
developed as the rest of the City and offers an opportunity for a
transition between the typical subdivision and the hillsides. The
ranch area also provides a transition between the development of
Cupertino and the type of development in Saratoga which surrounds
it to the south and west.
B. Upper Foothills (Outside of the Urban Service Area)
Most of this area is comprised of the Montebello Ridge, the Stevens Creek
Reservoir and Park, and the Permanente Quarry, consisting of a total of
8,300 acres. Most of the upper hills are in a relatively primitive state
covered with deciduous and scrub type vegetation as well as expanses of
coniferous forests scattered throughout the area. The upper foothill area
is highly visible from the valley floor particularly the skyline of
Montebello Ridge which provides a backdrop to the development of the
valley floor.
• The Montebello Ridge area played an active role in the early setticment
of Cupertino. Thi Pichetti family was one of the first to settle here
in the 1870's establishing a house, barns and a vineyard which was
actively cultivated until the deterioration of the vines in the 1890's.
The Perrone family also settled on the ridge in 1886 and established
vineyards as did other families in the hillsides. Although the winery
is not owned by the original family, the current Ridge Winery label is
a product of the original vineyards. There were numerous other small
family vineyards located in the area including Klein's whose wine was
internationally renowned. Because of Prohibition and the phylloxera
microbe, which killed the roots of the vines, families were forced to
turn to the orchards. Limited access into the area and the steep slopes
and terrain have kept Montebello Ridge virtually as it was then.
n
U
There is a cluster of homes around the Old Montebello School on
Montebello Road and the Pichetti barns and house that are still visible
from the road itself as it winds up the hillside to the ridge which offers
an unobstructed panoramic view of the valley floor. There are a number
of other homes in the upper foothills totaling 1.07 which seem almost
insignificant relative to the large area encompassed.
The most notable attraction in terms of the public access and usage is
the Stevens Creek Reservoir and Park. This is County owned and operated
and provides an active recreation area for picnicing and boating in the
foothills.
-4-
81,003.22
J;ily 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
• The Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company Permanente Plant and Limestone.
Quarry is one of the more obvious landmarks in the hills because of the
constant smoke eminating frum the cement plant. The plant has an impact
in the area not only from a visual standpoint but because of the cement
trucks which can be seen and heard on Foothill Boulevard influencing the
neighborhoods of the lower foothills and valley floor.
The highest point in Cupertino is along the ridge line between Stevens
Creek and Regnart Creek which has an elevation of 1,160 ft. The ridge
itself continues south into what is called Table Mountain with an
elevation of 2,000 ft., which is outside of Cupertino's sphere of
influence.
There are a number of creeks which run through the foothill area,
particularly Stevens Creek and Permanente Creek both of which have a
fairly active water flow particularly during the Spring of the year.
Evaluation of the Alternatives on the Land Use Character
A. Very Low Density Plan
The low density alternative has minimal impact for both the upper and
lower foothill areas. The increase in units overall could easily be
absorbed into the flatter areas or tucked into the canyons and portions
that arc not visible from Che street thus essentially maintaining the
semi -rural atmosphere of the lower foothills. There would be a distinct
contrast between the valley floor and the hills and ridges. The low
density would enable most of the existing vegetation to remain as Homes
could be placed in areas outside of the pathway of vegetated areas. As
seen from the valley floor, there would be little if any disturbance to
the vistas as they exist. A few scattered homes would continue to be
seen along the upper foothills.
B. County Plan
The County plan would allow development at one to five acres per unit
on the lower foothills and 2.5 to ten acres on the upper foothills.
Overall, there would be about one-half acre average size lots on the
properties in the lower hills. The County plan begins to have some
effect on the character of the subareas as described previously.
1. Church Property
The proposal for 258 units on the Church property would begin to
have a significant effect particularly because there are no units
now. ,Development would mean a physical change by breaking up the
vast open, untouched area of the property. Clustering the units
would tend to alleviate some of the impact by leaving the knolls
and other visible sections of the property in their existing open
• space state. Development would begin to put pressure on areas
-5-
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Mill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
• that would be left open and may also tend to encourage the conversion
of the Mary Knoll Seminary to another use which might result in more
people and cars visiting the area thus altering the character of the
quiet that exists now.
2. Voss Avenue and Alcalde Road and Inspiration Heights
The addition of 125 units scattered in these subareas would alter the
semi -rural character that presently exists, but would still provide a
transition between the steeper slopes and the flat valley floor. The
lower density relative to the valley floor would still permit horses,
open fences, lower standard roads and the natural vegetation which
does much to convey a feeling and character to the people living in
the area. In terms of Inspiration heights, most of the units proposed
could easily be absorbed behind the dense shrubbery that presently
exists and would not significantly affect the kind of feeling that
exists now.
3. , Lindy Canyon
The proposed 21. units for Lindy Canyon would visually be a change in
the existing Lindy Lane area, however, due to the type of development
that has been permitted on some of the adjoining hillside areas, it
would not: be as significant a change as it would be in some other parts
• Of the hillside. Tiic _mportant concern is the access to the parcels
and the type of design standards required of the roads and buildings.
•
4. Regnart Canyon
The County plan calls for 123 units in the Regnart Canyon which will
have an extreme effect in that it will encourage more houses to be
located along the higher areas and break up the large expanses of
open rolling terrain that presently exists. There would still be a
low enough density to allow for open fences and horses. Most houses
could be designed so that they would be hidden by surrounding vegeta-
tion, gullies and slope areas. The type of street standards and
building design will have a great deal to do with the effect on the
character in this area. Emphasis should be placed on maintaining the
semi -rural standards.
5. Seven Springs Ranch
The addition of 136 units on Seven Springs Ranch would have an impact
on the present agricultural uses but not as great as the proposals
of the City plan or the maximum density plan. Most of the units would
probably be concentrated on the flatter portions but the size of the
parcels would still allow garden farm activities and horse ownership.
The larger parcels would blend in with the type of large parcel develop-
ment that exists in the Saratoga area adjoining this property. It
-6-
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
would be a marked change from the traditional densities of the vallev
floor which are also contiguous to the area on the northeast. The
lower density offers a transition beb,,Oen the typicai.auuuivisions
and the less dense foothills beyond. In some sense the semi -rural
atmosphere of the past would be maintained in spite of urbanization.
6. Upper Foothills
The County plan c,f a total of 833 units in the area outside of the
Urban Service Area will have significant effect on the existing
situation in that the fairly primitive open spaces of -.the hillsides
would be blotted with residential units. Most development- of course,
will occur on the flatter portions which includes the ridge tops
which have high visibility from the valley floor and adjoining
properties.
The average intensity of one unit per ten acres could potentially
carve up the hillsides which could put pressure towards development in
the future, thus eventually losing the open spaces of the hills.
Recreational areas and the few historical sites in the upper hills
could be threatened by the influx of development as well. Some of
the impact could be mitigated to a degree by requiring that develop-
ment blend in with .the existing foliage and terrain or by concentrating
it in certain areas rather than all over the hills.
C. City Plan
The City plan would allow a relatively high intensity development for the
flat portions of the lower foothills namely the Seven Springs Ranch and
Church properties but require a lower intensity for the areas with a
greater degree of slope within the Urban Service Area and an even lower
intensity outside of the Urban Service Area.
1. Church Property
The number of units permitted under the City plan would be 728 which
is almost three times as many as would be allowed under the County
plan. More houses would mean less open area, less of the existing
primitive nature of the property. More units would mean more visibility
from the roads and less peace and quiet that exists on the property at
this time. The increase in units would be difficult to hide within
the hill crests and pockets of flat areas which means that the open
rolling hills would be lost.
2. Voss Avenue and Inspiration Heights
The 337 units which would be permitted under this plan would largely
be concentrated on the flatter portions in the fringe area. This
means that most of the density would be similar to what presently
• exists in the adjoining subdivisions. There would be no opportunity
for the grazing of horses or larger garden plots that might be
permitted under a lower density. An increase in units would lower
-7-
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill. Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• the possibilities of a rural road standard. Smaller lots on
Inspiration Heights would affect the degree of privacy between adjoining
properties since units would tend to be on top of each other giving a
cramped rather than open feeling.
3. Lindy Canyon
The proposal for 23 units would not have much more of an impact than
the 21 units proposed under the County plan. Although the area is
not developed at this time, the surrounding area is, and therefore
the hillsides have already been infringed upon in this area.
4. Regnart Canyon
The City plan would allow for only 118 units as opposed to the
County plan of: 123. This reduces the original impact but not to a
significant degree. Much of the concerns mentioned in the County
plan would also apply to the City plan for this area.
5. Seven.Springs Ranch
The City plan would have a very significant impact to the Seven Springs
Ranch by totally wiping out any form of rural character or transition
between the existing valley floor and the hillsides. This proposal
• would allow the usual four units per acre on the flat portion of the
property and a decrease in density on the hilly portions. The prime
agriculture soil and potential for garden plots and horse ownership
would be lost entirely at this density.
n
LJ
6. Upper Foothills
The City plan would have a lower impact on the upper foothills area
in that there would be almost as many units as permitted under the
County plan. Although densities would be increased relative to
what exists, the parcels would still be large enough to allow for
expanses of: open areas and unobtrusive locations of housing. Most
of the existing view would probably not be infringed upon and the
rural and almost primitive nature of the hill. areas could be maintained.
Hopefully, the lower intensity of development would have less of an
impact on the existing points of historical interest and recreational
areas in the hill areas and would lower the pressure for development.
Considerations of standards for roads and buildings will have an
effect on mitigating intrusion into the heavily forested terrain.
D. .City/County Plan
The City/County plan is a combination of the City proposal for the lower
foothill area and the County proposal for the upper foothills. In terms.
of character for the foothills, the plan combines the greatest impact to
M
81,003.22
July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES
Sthe lower foothills with the greatest impact to the upper foothills which
would alter the existing character and semi -rural condition that presently
exists. The Church properties, Seven Springs Ranch and the upper foothills
are the most affected since the increase in density is so highly contrasted
with the existing situation. The more units, the more difficult it would
be to maintain the existing rural road system and regulate the building
design and standards which would help to absorb the units into the
surrounding landscape.
E. Maximum Plan
The Maximum plan, which is the evaluation of the existing zoning permitted
in the hillsides, would have a significant increase to the lower foothill
areas on all seven subareas as described. A total of 3,310 units would
be permitted as opposed to only 1,741 units under the City plan and 663
units under the County plan. As described in the previous evaluations,
the more units, the more impact it would have on the existing character.
Under the Maximum plan, any type of character that presently exists would
be almost totally lost.
In terms of the upper foothills, the Maximum plan would continue the
densities as described by the County plan. The proposal for the Maximum
plan would be adverse to the community's hillside goals of maintaining
the hillside character.
9
�!IRVJ dMa.'J'J." N. ,
&U, Es. 9 m
UCE" 115Z)
r.
IS,
PLV
m
t,
CIL
QF -1 HF_
L-OCATtON1 IMAJ
JULY 9,19"IS
LG.
%r 1 � /f7 �i il'_�Fl� �• 1 ' rr :�ti 1 Y "r r"+ -�W �•
� r I i i f- � I r 1. l 3 `� �•.
1
LI
: r I
1 I �; � 1 I 1: ..•� ; IJ j} 0 111 iTy«1 � I ; , J
I F
7 1 ri �"` s,. f r r �' •" r r l rYi rl� 'r'
� r , � ,, � � .i r� g}i�ivf `', Y �� '+>•!'f Ir xL-+ Ir�c3.La}/`' f r _t !
1 tC I ,� `iil{ I '�,• 1• rr`v �.S..�A ��.r J .rl'.
1a
'!•y'^ I ��., ' , -,,I Af4f{? S . v;'''•"aa ' �.i?f�. r . s
q; r f1jr°y," til its ♦t, tfi•!9 1t4�` t ,` ,UI
♦ b
`' i� e� d+..r ) r s�,,,{�• .} � .
r.7 1 dr �S 1 '� ) L ' Kf y 1 � �+ 4 ° •
+i 'y♦>I aj ,a' ��,i ,i. P�`i lrf < Yf '"i k 1S S ` .%
; ,. �1t,
)„ r,td' I''� .' 'Po��•bpi
a`t
1 e ;3�,,, 7t) t! j w I ' 1 .,- � _>I �AiY, °'�"..`r, i t • ` , t;y � �>
�?-
/ :��i;ttiyt+lyl `t'{+}�if~. ah{It7 ( ���f 'it'� ixq ,', sr, °',l Y�i�1. � r��L i ,.�� ��•,♦�\}��lt �. t.
l 77t f i+i.�"i'Lhi}k 'f 1 s S rl }Nr !f +.t, f Y°�.ti 'q .�,y ti.L •t �,
Ni i , l " , 1i' t S d',. t r.t r 1 4?,J i i) (� "'f Ir 11.• r .. 'C �+''S J r'i (i
�J J„ ){}.. �" a� (� � Iik ' iAl ? �.s a. ! 11. 1 •ry�� 1'�a,1 §, '
u,j•, }
di I v,yl >: i n ' i,F i dl 1 �I75 lf„ dW (1' 18.ir 1111 {
iJ84
.is dJq, sjS St y, , ,� '••�• 11� ,l
-jj),+3�1{
W WA lrtr��S11q+ rC{ 7 i,a t ft, a y ♦ {1i 1
n ji
� )i fii rj' V -') t , t '`•t ltt � r i
'lpoj , i iiY3i i� ° /Or'1''�,.
I',i
:�j r i:: w r a"..ti tC d� t t5. 't i}q, l� •}s (j L T:' .T" t
{" � 'Sa 4} i 1; �,SS% i t . �'� ?aj t} , S . @i� +'g,+JSP �it�i •i;s"''=a: ♦:.?.
�l fI� {t' xy `)'}'u •k.t, �:' q t, s A+7 ,_ ,tl } `'. r, ++, �1,`4z':+--• �.J i / '�'
Fl{. ta";•, ac>Cfii_3 ♦T��,%t�'.
r1A
tdF+ i St., I'M Q�i r"tr i f , dj��
ld� I }t .Si! a$ ' §5 � Itr � �t i X ,. ,t}• � ;f ` �i
^`�4.• f'1�. yt i ! ct f- °'} t}i� { 3 t� i� I h 't11 i � ��1 SCfTni+J� r { ,,�• j... i�l
r}I �.,� V "14t I Y l-ytt,w 3 t� Ai i�„tv '<}:.,.7f�• �pbt' .. " S
t.r 1�ti J ♦ ra• tl 5 ,5,' f i it• 1 ••�I 1 r..
^•,, "on, , I }11l aIJ l JS .(, .! •, 181 I�.t , }� I .+. I I ,
1'hf�l �",,, ,,�x � , , '�, i' �. '"w4'�I`f;t`4�} ,�� �\ t t I }tf , �•
{ r1 :�'.}f•"; {``jSs fitl:�ta"Yof. r fa. 1-�2� t� ` •�� , r
r " iM1 �., �i• { viia 7t tfCitt}a C'�' 1 ;Y '(. I �`� 'ft � i Ii '
' {� et",. I`71 'j l ; }�t�(I ta'a }5}°y ,, �,{Y��j� tfi. �e��•,, C � f� ,j } ��i�"l,' .
)rjtt
I'
,I -4, `
of
it fi3il�fa ,{., tr. e� 'i,1i� moi,"5•�{"'�+'K� �,.Ir +
yf t<! iYY l I i f C�i r1' ^M 7.✓1 V'` , a't
i -a �fiu {rs: a4 /7 r , t, Jgd I t I �� •"t
1 r+t�, fFa1 )at,Jf ri. �'Lttr If I i'79`,4f f(/ iiyJJ
a'yi3� ; f ..) I f a{ ✓ Kr It;
,T} �+�7•}`�, .y�V'?1 9 f
listt ,.. :4 low,;
4 v,
r � y
11 r
a "i h, ael,' ,,} .at�r i fii " y�tt: isy!i�y{�i •, ��
f.l'� .laa ; Vii- :? �� I i `'v.• {,.
OW
r„ sr t , ¢,� ���t,i+ °Acts♦' f , 1�� � '
.� g."•l (� 1t {rl}Ic,re {�T 'Y kt �'+ 't'•. - ..1'Y{+i�,ex f 'll
-41i
( � r - ))qH• t`�+♦ r�,}f � t I V ��
�gl..i°•}i '"l'. �. t ) 0 r.7 l'� j ar .SI tit
NIT
�,16ry(rf1l3 tr —py
klf �f Twp r�`•yy' ; ?.rifr.l,. �,.' .S�'�a+ w��� �{�p'w'���
so
it
'] TQ+I?`' { 1. ♦' , ; . is ,( .. 1. �. ...
pit�F.�x r! s I
Of ��•— °tj �r
. � ,•,,,. � 1 ., �^^ `"'fl { !�lait'� �{ «..�,!'-�1.:,.Iy �4 ��4..�y'4..`W�\ld'V �$I.. ... .. .._
! 'y �, )' r j, t- 11 r } i�. � t�s t ��, b.-• j�thd ` �� S, —16 �'.` { , "kvY,
S
s +e. ,• S- , °li-i
1 "1•, "'� k i {.�-•,, r ".. s t s , 1 "t� yy R.� s �X l,; �,{ .S ,�i� .tl .
•,, ^, , , fF.t ,.� t ,t , ; ,{n2lt ,v;• r'
to
!/
t e
1'� J'Jt It 1� t ;�•t
1
to
P
, � F t
"
TAU
r
.' r .t , CJJ� 'i-1 r tJ� s< S'�t t �. ^x .�-. 1 s � �•
( ' t '. S••..t y L k � 1 t i , f�, � "4,+' S o , " i1..
to
1 • ,. hi. Jt t
i ITS
J � �'1 S
! S i Y-lJ4+�y ..• �1Jli� '.t , 1, l- 1 l ti 1 � S'I 1
t ; S ` �•�• , a "! *qtr S ''',>
t `
�.If
1 lag Of
Irk
to
r t i Sr a^�' i ,} ♦t } I•• � i 1 {.} s i i+�.
' s i :'i;j���_. Cit P�{1 ti"T?��ta�.� y�:.,a, � i S r •�1
' iv i ,i' -. t ti' ip �trt„ �•�r1� ? r , , ti t. t { i 1' I f S if
v 1 wanno W.i,.
-nil IN
2 ti..� 1 ' 1 � ,•'� tl'x� f i �, i ! '.,."',,r 1tA.i`�'"•.l r,.,. ,. a�t 41 ,ii , s. .
lPil`T.l 1't �iJF { t "d .,•r `' '. t / ! ill.
of. ' `�♦ 1 tllr3 }S r ',it �tf
.
If
Ir i Ita i
� S�,4sa"'}"'tf i.�YS i<� t t- � ' it 1 1�.}'• t'i� 1' _ •i
.i 1 t , ""1 �• l l 1. 4, .+ y S j/ r r' -e
r :1 4 til _ .} �<t �•tyrf t 1. { tii(i-
, d3i }.*� �"4 "s. s V{s. i".. , ' /' �` 4\^ ....:li {.:. .r E , {[ Yr 3 /;> !r it ,. '� •'
St
,,{{°FS •w� 1 > �t J�.. ' i" �' r1"' •"t�•�rt.:ti lS.�?� �fr { t {,(.
lf[iwK . s lit -;: •'*; .5'.S,jyt .:4y i, ,,. '.t .Fi y:. `t -1zf' - / __. _. _ _ ., i,
• I _ - ..� �}it�� _ � � '' .i two i`t� t i
'r._ •' 1-- - t-11cS;1?+it: �l mix I�.� ':.. --�� 1, �1 T�`31 � .•:I '`�
f , 1 1t , (,� � . , • i'; i r a%{.le \p � c � � �4
It
;; "�• l , `� ••
u'�
... •� Vr`i: � t'.�' � � �"'- .«.i
1 �;gy ]i i !�}1� l il ,! 4.�1,.(�'• t���,..i_ �l �i4aaa3 t(�-th�e�e,f:#4^., try �k..�(' Eig ti' '1 ( �1t 1
sxr.' :•, �"a*:A' .4r56 t, _,.c 1 . 1 1 >
•1\ lx lik it ,I i��}ij t � .yry+�•.``y^W'~ ��. _-7 `!, � t�•t �i�t� ) '
',1• ��� a ijltt;, },tyS.7 11 ---- Zv
� Fi ; i „ "'• k99 I . i `� ... i}tr.3a •o, a
�i { �crtTl �, it4i 1 }l '{`\•1�I\ kct_'_ii: �"'<
rte` .K. _ •a• H t
1 I t. a ,•rtj25't 1 +1 V \ •.11 1 �� Ml^�1 tl i ..
7-1
Ir
�,. } Y i }K II{al}ll t' ,\\ 1 s �, 1, w ~..�. .. rro •, ,
' r�i �1 tY -� 'i k``f)1 •Xj� �S � r ��.� �� �S vt" w �' .1 - ` I -.t I i
�a'�iitl{! y( ii;lli' ) \� }�+`Vj•;i^^ � ��}. �.z; S � ,
y rS, \ \•'l+;' ! t 3 is
, t
14 1
��• � rig ; u��, �,'b�.,;�\�� �) • �� ; �,.y �� }
.� AJ'�,'t n 1 2..<a ,i � •/r6f �' /17 .7'vfY ..
' .�' ti{ (y,1 ted` .} t t�Y t`{,1 t '/ •
s+'t trt§e "'k,.ift T.l i"' II/.t. � K.1 , '7 i'r •} , -I' f t
�It gyp. {. I l l J,`�q f l l!! �liy 5 1 ! ' .• ati�'
`s'r til
1� 1
{}I�J �1i�
' ,y(il �s�i•S�t1 t Ai, � t t ti ,. it�tp,i .{,, �t3i114S + ( �. '�`� ! ,
♦ " l i{�{ 1 k i ii�.l1 � c�� �j�fffffff'�tl��
i .n<t s i L} ?f+ 6. \ 3! ° jrl� �'> ' Idf e} `�t h I l d_ir� •i ,. .� .4 P
�4i• i �/"4 fits +.•.\�
w l-2} t t ar- ;� (k� S ,F;t •�il r '}�;: t• �,l �:i S.
�}'� , i... i1t+,Yir,1q t}: , , sit i3j 31 t•i• �i'. t} ', Ft{{r
lii':I��S }} `t ts•si � a } j tr l: i6 r' > ci.' f i EY Y,.� Ir, ',�
is Ki\�i .F4 t 'v"•1�,1; l}a lyr::,
}� �iK]tjii iTl i \ , ! ' 1�� yy� �}}l- � �• �)'i'� ' �'
K< iU `�s f•! Tw,}T; t. i{1 i S t L,iZl�. i +t. 7 1
J i tl 5 �s, }'•o-}i}a ns�{ !1 at ,°�:tti r' tF u, t 1 TS i "ii„ ty"F .
1"'� i'...
Ilfi�ii t +1 N r Ir �l,,< 14w S,IIA�F1l�.i.S{ te:,'
i t; -'1't K'A 1 1,1 IIi� 1 •% � , 1 r:�(...i� y , 'i lt, lu-, t'17
i.} .rs� t s , i ,•t, �t_ ,�, 1.-,Yi, D\i < Z',� r } it }' .�� it
11t }. 1 1 ! Iy . •�),„`��>.� j, •71 y, !s�'
±,r;t, t,a�„t �r •. t
A. 1t tt>., �F ,a{t ,�„3 � ``� . (�•;.
' 1z �`” .} 51! ,,E ��'��•� � \ ��•—s-'r+: t.Y u�iy r,.'ii 1lY _ 1� S it +}P,T i.
l iS••s
s( ' � \ }y1
-'1�•,},y3(.e•�1. .. (,I�.• tlal't} (1 �> s t .-F< • �Lti i \ 1\�\ 1 �1� ;':
• � 'r- . :t'P: Vit. y,t:. +.,.•:\:1 :V7 ..'P .._. ;. 1, �'\. k'. `....� ."i S
(AIL ," ' ;M1,T % _' /-,`�.(\ 's{'� 3v"1, •may' , „ , rJ I Si 1� t
ir
4,(� � : t` FpY,a y ey, fid-'i�'•. to I P 1 }:`,.
`JR1.4'
1
if
Ir
,
1 tC+%rY 4
iy_(yY 1 f r
' J 1 l,,, ,
it
i40
it
Ali
.17
�, 4i' i �'•\0 t` , 7t
Se
Q 11(j I ki4.1
it
if
` '' �/ � ' � .� � ,•1Y tom. ��:.f..- t •�("'^
• ./l�Y� S (��ytr \ � ..jjY
tt
AM
c,.
1
fi p)
Air I �+. t.. ✓°leaf r IIIYYY L i. "`dT 1� �♦, ` .
CIA
yo
lz
' �It�'�. �i .{� Lam. .. •� � f� �1 �°`'' �rt �—ZA. t i" 4 � `\.` P , .. �
It .� 1
_.1+ 7• " V t '+1J f'" ! e '� '� �`,I �'� r ! i aY''7f'� � i � }'
d � o• at.f r,�"j� �I�� ��! � 1 !
_ C
=fl, _
i /; r �,• r rid �\�.(y`.yp,,__tr r /
� , ' ' ts+1 ,�•+t tea, ! N
' ffi•��
i£-'lt ttFr sd't.J r' .• ), ) � t it,
tf
' 1 li-3 t ,' 1 S'.1 \� i 7��x i y�-`;\1' \ 1'a `t 4� T ••v S ;� 1 ♦i
} > + ` ♦ ttJSO
la,., j� � �,. ♦...jr ( rl t'� y� t` +�t� ''� ] �'t" 7; �..: t 1` -� �'
Imm
1 , s \ �_,,, i•� • 1 f ✓: It'd ` $,4 ( t' t r , 'l. , r
to
'
/,1s Jf� ��'�♦ \ `Y '•� i'f�1 !i. ` t}i1,�F:,
E: k ir•:Mtit
A - t\
+\L I �, '('}+}'s'Fe1 1q-5 i� dy bj 11t ty�•.J p7J 1 f, lr �g�y?jj •ti�$)�'� j t '
1 � �wtlt. 4�',� �y1tj21 •�i, I,4�` tlVr+ L�, t .:i ' I11'�)' t/ 4
5.. { ' t 1, ts: ,L`{'il. .t, �i;i liS����^•'. \st �jr,.1 t �"'raCY :�t��h{Sl•�"T.'Y� •��` �''1}t
3;'t �,Y 4��}�. Y4 t Yl s td ' Y •�, R tl�1 '�'
w it
i` .,�.I,:t,it3}4.3•� i` kd,`
1W
i{ wp t
RR%_yi(,x it� �• 1' ( � ��i rt k•i ? � ' p\,it- .. r ca
�F{M1a.• ` =' ? 11 ♦\Y'tAst a� ' , 1..� �', �'L•-, .1 t 0, ti ✓. ., /.
t\,4,qY�� S�lr Y'�k.w!'g,K- ' t .' ij /,Yf✓) iS.:'
q L ti `'�l `t•'.tl'y Ir��� •i �}� !//'� CJ � �' \ � � T,"
V ) {'7 JA at♦k l}'i y�' �'\a�L a l!� YOL
�
�4l,, {)i>ti `F}, a"i t{1�it1 �t ✓; "°° 4 �.0 24;1,.
♦ ti�i'610It`;ta}t \ ti; ,,.>.: It1\� `t f ., �' t t ts1:1 j4 ' ihi
l N'..
l l
1t +}1
"ARM t+tL \<Yt t { R >
rtyepp 4;; ,tt $ 3) i } d a' a� J
.r. 'tri Fy}j(t ' ',1 ; 'i}t.11 t ,\ w 9s S •t�Yf
........%.5
(a' - (. 'S
{ t !I
t i v t t ii ilyL ♦�Z a.�J
ty�s�SixEr+'kE i + t7. rrt{ \i. S� (
aL t
7 ' t t 1�\�jSy+ 7 (��a�`�:Pt�°��� ta+y't�>f. �', ''�\�)i ")S' � ,{ .� Si `,.t• , sf��.
} ' - � �: �:iU {"`n.' , 1 � ��C4� isi+ Zl' �.!!.44Ii.:`..>te \ iiY .f ♦� ..
A ,r .t � , •2�'ts^`'vY� sK'"t i{ ts.%'x °r -y 1 { 4 , � Y
iJ raj tt 'at', s~moi iY 4 fsr
t � .y
sin
i,. `1 +��
`r 7 S C (11tt �+
} 1�1f'') /r{j)`7 t� :,•
♦::. ?4\.
lit
1 l.i(: ,♦ t f�+ s t kg ..,. l i. {+i'jI ; ,
, Ft1
i
54'P" 3 ;iit, s t o r ff,;
t t t, ' x >a;•. $A ,7..� t ,t l J {�
Oat, •\\vt3t11 4� ly 1'$,t> h` < t '� Jrr . p Y ary 1,
�j , ♦ t y. \ r } ,,
''a.0 ♦ �l jt `rid rA„a t/�>; (}�(lltty t 1EJ t`ita
9�\ti Tr .���/./� ...� �fV`�� '�♦ `li:i(Y \
k .
1 �j. )?. e� 1 V tl x Jr .1 .a .. ?t, t 1 �'' 1`l•+y„Z S"4' t �1 �. 5aF 1� �. f
v--
}, 1 �s J t { �J•lJs ! � }� LI.�' � 1vYr� {a7 �4� �� .� e��c'ss�
N } .,�kn'•s 11 r t fid �a�.4a j J8� '�
iii 99 �i�' t !!
1�(if•J{+�,'a �y.,}�,• ' d 9.: } \ 1 ; i • 1 }'
`i(1 L �,' iaf r'r t}4i•� i. '� ) vs♦1. 2a A' +!}e .. .. f tt 1iJa..
`� t. - W ��� + Say t\ i t)t '1{LI`i 11} tr, •' 'y ,' , t�..� i •t
\ l �'b
�.rd< ,, a \. ,t.i }"� t� a} 33 .i i-. .�) J d�,}Lr i 1•J .. J
J1..jry �.1'a._ :; ..�(w:n ���tty�l(i�ia i�i,} t 4 } 1'' t.. � �- .., .,' J.. Yta' t�� 7�.� t��+(i•+...�;t� � l �R. ..
tic t ih aaj r , Jii 1 .w�(S 4 41 S.vJL�L^ s 11 }
)�14%I�( 11t '}^ it 4Y13"itt iii :a i� t� }( l `sk1} Ips t ay.�"�" 11j
G'k' il'2 Id :S I\F teYl! Il,�t tA1tt a)t(1"it-Vol1eivs }y.kls tt1,)i. •1
` Iliils„a x, •• 11; .r -i .'I } tr k(s. k!!t1 T �,t
_x 1. .. ,.:}2 r.. .�..,.\�.a ,I. s..t( .tn t. ...s�1J.ai u.t. v. •,+..Tal., d . )'J'4a, .�.,tex, 1. .• .. 4, ,. ••nt <t..:...e31.H :w t•f •�
•
P.
}li.11 Area General Plan
2. LAND USE
AND
DWELLING UNITS
AL/tm 81,003.22
August 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
LA U) USE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
•
The following land uses are included in the General Plan for the Hill Area:
1. Mineral Resource Area: This area includes the limestone quarry
operated by Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company, several active and
dormant gravelquarries, and buffer areas, generally extending to
the nearest ridgeline. The buffer areas may have to be extended
at the expense of residential areas if: the quarry operations are
to expand beyond present limits; such a revision of the General
Plan would be initiated through a Use Permit application for
extension of quarry areas.
2. Industrial Area: Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company's Permanente
plant.
3. Public Parks and Open Space:
a. Stevens Creek County Park (existing).
b. Upper Stevens Creek County Park (undeveloped).
C. Stevens Creek Flood Plain (owned by Santa Clara valley Water
District, used as a park).
d. Seven Springs -Older Ranch (Mid -Peninsula Park District),
partly outside Cupertino's sphere of influence.
e. Black Mountain Open Space Reserve (Mid -Peninsula Park District),
partly outside Cupertino's sphere of influence.
f. Perham Ranch (Mid -Peninsula Park District), adjacent to but
outside Cupertino's sphere of influence.
In addition there would be neighborhood parks as a part of future
developments in the lower part of the study area, specifically on
the Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties.
It is concluded that there would be no need for neighborhood parks
in the steeper part of the hill area, considering the low density,
large lot areas, and easy access to hiking and riding trails.
4. Private Recreation Area: The part of Garrod riding stables located
within Cupertino's sphere of influence. This property, including
an area within Saratoga's sphere of influence, accommodates an
apparently flourishing enterprise, which serves a community need
and seems to be a profitable use of the land. Its preservation
• should be safeguarded through inclusion in the General Plan.
-1-
AL/tm 81,003.22
August 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
LAND USE (cont'd.)
------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
5. Public and Quasi -Public Areas:
a. Pacific Gas and Electric Company's substation, located north-
west of the railroad spur to Permanente.
b. The Gates of Heaven Cemetery located on land belonging to the
Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco. The General Plan map
does not specify the actual area of the cemetery as possible
plans for expansion are undetermined at present.
i
c. Maryknoll Seminary (actual area unspecified).
d. St. Joseph's Seminary (actual area unspecified).
e. Montebello School, a small parcel on Montebello Ridge.
In addition, development on the Catholic Church and Seven Springs
properties may require reservation of sites for elementary schools,
depending on the density of the development, general population
trends, and policy concerning neighborhood schools or busing.
6. Residential Areas, which would also permit certain non-residential
rN recreational uses. These areas are divided into two parts subject
• to different density regulations:
a. Foothill Residential Area.
b. Rural Residential Area.
Note: Two earlier Land Use maps are included for comparison:
a. Open Space and Conservation Element, adopted by the City of
Cupertino in 1972 as an interim measure.
b. Conservation -Development Plan of the Montebello Ridge Study
Area adopted by Santa Clara County in 1974.
2-
.l.
Hill Area General Plan
NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS
AL/tm 81,003.22
81,003.61
April 17, 1975
Rev. AugLSt 8, 1975
Present number of dwelling units and future number of units according to
various slope -density formulas are stated .in the attached table. In addi-
tion to dwelling units existing November 1, 1974, and an estimate made as
part of a study of the road system in the area, five density alternatives
have been investigated.
Caution: The calculations of number of dwelling units are approximate, due
to limitations imposed by map material and lack of funds for computer calcula-
tions. For instance, slope -density formulas have been applied to entire
properties rather than to grid squares, which in some cases can make a con-
siderable difference in permitted number of dwelling units. Also, average
slope in parts of the area outside the Urban Service Area have been applied
to other areas for which no measurements exist.
Existing Dwelling Units:
The number within the Urban Service Area is derived from a survey on location
by the Cupertino Planning Department. Outside the Urban Service Area, tables
in a traffic study* have been utilized; counts have been made partly on USGS
maps and partly from air photographs. (Approximations are unavoidable; for
instance, it is difficult to distinguish a permanent home from a summer
cabin.)
Future Number of Dwelling Units According to Jones-Tillson Calculation:
The consultants have studied maps and measured steepness, then applied the
County's slope -density formulas; 0.4-0.1 DU/acre within rural residential
areas (Montebello Ridge); 1.0-0.2 DU/acre within urban residential areas;
0.1 DU/acre in long-term or permanent open space. At the time the study was
made several large areas were assumed to be future parks and consequently
were not assigned any dwelling units. Also, areas under Williamson contract
were not assigned any units. Furthermore, certain Foothill fringe areas were
not included. For these reasons, the Jones-Tillson calculations are not
directly comparable to the slope -density calculations which follow here.
Very Low Density:
The "Rural Residential" slope -density formula (0.2-0 DU/acre) has been applied
within the Urban Service Area; a much lower density formula (0.05-0 DU/acne,
that is 20 acre lots or larger) for the area outside the Urban Service Area.
The resulting number of dwelling units is very low. (If a rule permitting
* Santa Cruz Mountain Area Road Study, prepared for County of Santa Clara,
September 1974, by Jones-Tillson and Associates in collaboration with
William Spangle and Associates.
AL/tin 81,003.22
81,003.61
April 17, 1975
Rev. August 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------
one dwelling unit on each already established division of property were applied,
whether the division was legal. or not and whether it would fulfill established
standards or not, the number of dwelling units may be substantially higher..
Presently available map material makes an accurate count difficult.)
County Plan:
The County Board of Supervisors has adopted s plan with considerably less
park areas than previously anticipated. Much of the area 4s designed as
long-term open space or permanent open space, but in either case one dwelling
unit per 10 acres would be permitted.
The Cupertino Planning Department has remeasured the areas outside the Urban
Service Area to reflect these changes, and then applied the County's slope -
density formula for areas without water and sewer service (0.4-0.1 DU/acre)
to the rural residential areas and a density of 0.1 DU/acre to open space
and land under Williamson Act contract. (These contracts expire after ten
years and future residential development is possible.) The result is
approximately a doubling of the number of dwelling units compared to the
Jones-Tillson calculation.
• Inside the Urban Service.Area, the County's 1.0-0.2 DU/acre slope -density
formula for areas with water and scoer service has been applied, but the
City's area measurement has been used to insure comparability.
City Plan:
Outside the Urban Service Area the "Rural Residential" slope -density formula
(0.2-0 DU/acre, that is 5 acre lots or larger) has been applied. In areas
where the Jones-T:i.11son Report indicates steepness, these measurements
have been used. However, steepness was not measured in large areas which at
the time of the Report were assumed to be future parks; here the assumption
has been made that steepness is the same as the average of the measured area,
a very rough approximation. The resulting number of dwelling units is
approximately the same as in the Jones-Tillson calculation and about half of
the number according to the County's formulas.
Within the Urban Service Area, the tentatively adopted -"Foothill Residential"
slope -density formula has been applied (4.4-0 DU/acre).
City -County Plan:
• This is a combination of the City Plan within the Urban Service Area and
the County Plan outside this area. As the City Plait permits a higher number
of dwelling units within and the County Plan a higher number outside the
Urban Service Area, the City -County Plan will result in a higher total number
of units in the entire area.
-2-
AL/tm 81,003.22
81,003.61
April 17, 1975
Rev. August 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.)
----------------------------------
Maximum Plan:
The "Maximum Plan" has been added in order to investigate the impact on
urban services, particularly the circulation system, of a considerably
higher number of dwelling units in the foothill fringe area. The following
assumptions for density have been made:
a. Within the Urban Service Area and within present City limits:
according to present zoning, which varies from R3-2.2 (1.6
dwelling units per gross acre) to Al -43 (one dwelling unit per
net acre or about 0.8 units per gross acre).
b. Within the Urban Service Area but outside present City limits:
Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties 4.4 dwelling units
per gross acre, corresponding to RI -7.5 zoning or cluster equivalent;
other residential areas 0.9 dwelling units per gross acre, cor-
responding to the County Al -40 zoning.
C. Hill study area, outside the Urban Service Area: "County Plan"
applied.
-_� Summary:
*Basically present zoning.
-3-
Outside Urban Service Area
Inside Urban
Service Area
Min.
Min.
DU acre
(Acres
DU/acre
Acres
"Jones-Til.lson"
0.4-0.1 or 0.1 or 0
2.5
1.0-0.2
1.0
"Very Low Density"
0.05-0
20.0
0.2-0
5.0
"County Plan"
0.4-0.1 or 0.1
2.5
1.0-0.2
1.0
"City Plan"
0.2-0
5.0
4.4-0
0.17
"City -County Plan"
0.4-0.1 or 0.1
2.5
4.4-0
0.17
'Maximum Plan'.'
0.4-0.1 or 0.1
2.5
*
1 0.06
*Basically present zoning.
-3-
AL/tm 81,003.22
8.1.,003.61
April 17, 1975
Rev. August 8, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
4111 NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.)
on COmparison Between Alternatives:
Within the Urban Service Area: The visual aspect of the Foothill fringe area
will be quite different depending on which alternative is chosen. However,
when existing and "infilling" dwelling units in the general area are added,
it is found that the choice_ of. alternatives (except the "Maximum Plan") has
little impact on the need for urban services, except for traffic capacity at
a few significant points.
Outside the Urban Service Area: Generally, the higher the density is, the
impact on terrain, vegetation and wildlife increases, as well as the demand
for urban services. However, the impact is not in direct proportion to the
density; at the low densities under discussion roads and driveways have more
impact than building pads, and the lengths of the former do not increase in
proportion to density. The type of development, whether clustered or dis-
persed, whether located on the ridgetops or in the valleys, will have much
more impact than the overall density, within the range under discussion. -
The higher the number of people in the hill area, the stronger the demand
for better roads. Increasing development is likely to result in a higher
percentage of the population being daily commuters, still more increasing
the demand for improving Montebello Road and Stevens Canyon Road in order to
• decrease travel time. - All development would be served by wells and septic
tanks, so there would be no difference between the alternatives in that
respect.
•
- 4-
N r-1 to in V1
I
,N •-I h
O
( .o rnrnrn
M
t
-1'-I H
I. G C
O M
1:' G N
O
•,
O
' ON�7
I 'l.
N HN
N
00
m
O
m C T v
r -I
U N G
I
G s Z
H
t� ro ti
I
M
h
N
O
a>i >
i G
O
.
O
o G
h
I U N
0
1 \ •-i
M
1 >, R.
of
ul
H
I U
I
O M
O
O
O
,O j
�t
h
vl
M
,O
O
I
O
O
M
m
h
O
O
r -I
ri
M
H
H
M
1�
M
h
N
O
O
O
O
N
O
U Q
h
M
0
H u�
M
�T
of
ul
H
,0
O
O ✓l
N �Y
N
M
ul
h
., m
M
N
O
r--1
vl
•-i
�0
. O
O
H
M
M
M O
O
N
,D
O
M
•-i,
ri
N
I T G
00
H
•-i H
c
o
0
M
0
0
0
0
0
I H N
v
M
h
00
t
O
�t
rl
rn
M
,O
N
T
O
O
M
m
h
M
m
vl
N
M
N
H
M
1�
M
h
H
V1
G ro
M
h
m
� rn
�
H
✓1
M ,O
'NI �
T
1
i \
m
w q
N
H
O
O M
m
a
O
O
q
L
m
h
M
m vl
rl O
N
M
N
r -i M
U Q
h
M
0
H u�
V
N
00
M
M
D
T
1
i \
m
0
P4
•-I
m
a
O
O
q
O
O
O
o
O
T
11
0
0
O
M
�T
of
ul
H
,0
O
M
Ln
N
N
N
M
O q
N
•-i
} vl
H
.-i
V
,O
h
rn
M
O
0
O
•-I
m
N
O
O
:O
O
,O
0
0
0
O
M
�T
of
ul
H
,0
O
M
, h
h
rl
H
�Y
H
00
} vl
O
O
O
O
OC;
O
O
O
O I
I T G
rn
o.
o
c
o
0
•--i ''
0
0
0
0
0
I H N
ri
N
V
D\
H
0
h
a\
J
m
,O
m
rn
O
lzp
m
N
O
W I ✓
11
H
I
I
01
,D
h
Ln
M
O
r/1
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OI
M
I 1
,O
rtl
r -I
O
M
a1
.-i
H
m
�Y
Q I N N
.-i
h
m
00
O
•-I
m
N
N
N
1
0
0
0
CD
0
QC;
O
O
O
O
OC;
O
O
O
O I
I T G
1
I H N
N q^
.-1
a\
J
m
,O
m
rn
a\
O
m
N
O
W I ✓
I
I
O
�Y
>+ 1 I
Q I N N
.-i
h
m
00
00
N I
Cr H q
a1
A I
I N h
M
m
4
O
�n
,p
,O
h
h
I .H \ O
I
I
N
.-1I
vl
i 1-I
✓1
MI
O
I
!
I
d l ro S' tJ
O
m
O
O
o
o
O
O l
h
U
O
0N0
�t
O
O
O
O
O t
H
ry
m
I
cn
ro
W I ¢ C
.-f
N
H
M
m
O,
w1
O
w I
x
>
P I a
O
N
A
N
N
ro
H
C
a
ro
b
C H I
N
Q
HG
T
w
a
C
vim, C
O
G
C
N C7 I
•-1
U
+-I
N
W
N
V1
N
(n
W W
•
H I
X
•rl
1:
% U
G
C
p
q U
U
,G
T
ro
G
H H
N
O1
N
N
H FI
p
>J
b
G
N
x>
r
>
v
m>
H a I
G
O
C
00
>
F w'
N
N
C
P.
H N..
•'� W I
.0
O
rl
UI
N
H li!
N
+�
O
P.
;� W
O
'ii :.: I
U
w
a
Cr
Vi
'� U
P.
V�
F-•
IG
O cn
N
AV" fr t
K -m fv�,.ar" 1:11 47W
na
.5l
4
E15
_ W-1
K�z
��691 715
IMM
V OEM
46
M
I
i qj Ri
al
irn!
F,
Y',
L
T
M
t
V At
IL
-,I "D R 17
4
L,,�Imz -N— *�!14
7 T,
J,
vi,
AR,
A< .;u it L "--Jw V
F
ILq - �
.;.4 1
agg
-Z
I lc�
XREATIONAL -,US1
4,,
CALIFORNIA -
A
PLJ DE PART M ENT
WNINU
IF
GEN
ERAL
OR EN ��SPACE--,-,B-�- CONS MAT
ION,;_--ELEMEN.T,
MW
'�7-_—EXISTINGL,;�PXRK- %SkTES-z'-
D
M.24XPR . OPOSE. _.-_P�M:-_S!TES - -AN D ' �-,-_OPEN SPACE AREAS,,
UP �7t -4 E X I S T I N G C OMMERCIAL"' OPEN
S,
-EXIS
171 NG SC11VULb
5dftj()7RROP
-SCH
P
OSED:,, OF'�
RT1
�f le-
1=7-- uI_r
AS -
4S -- _7
- BOUNDAk _*,+i
-t7:*7-7,�',7,7-777,77:TR A N S M I SSION N E S
oil
-7,7SCENIC"- 11
ROA
JNDARN
---iAHLA`
-STUDT
EA'�BOADAR
-i-, 6m M6 i;iii min,
W�Ml_
j
D',
gjl�
IDA c
_�ZFILL.,eN
(5. M-2 Iwo
RNA �,_ �_Bffim
r.� — �z -1 6
?
rmo
, kM t Mi?
Im
'M
-ff we -4� 0-f�MIL
NIX
A
;4
Al , �q
_4 X2000g,--scALE
.�_AL�J
1�7 7� -.7
- ease Mop Cokbined fro(ii US
lr =7. _C7
G
ef
j,
�6
Hill Area General Plan
HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES
81,003.22
81., 003.
,Iuly 7, 1.975
Hill. Area General Plan
LOWPIODERATE INCOME IIOUSI:NG POTENTIAL
-------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION I
FOOTIilLL STUDY - IMPACT ON )LOUSING COSTS
The following study was prepared to analyze the impact of varying minimum lot
size requirements associated with Lhe alternative slope -density formulas. The
initial intent of this analysis was to determine if low/moderate income housing
opportunities would be disproportionately impacted by one or more of the slope -
density a.]te.rnatives. Throughout this study it became apparent that the use of
this information is very Limited and requisite of several. levels of qualification.
However, with full understanding of these limitations, this information can be use-
ful in determining minimum thresholds of housing cost and potential for low/
moderate income housing in the foothill areas.
This study attempts to view the potential for providing low/moderate income
housing by the developer. That is, how much of a density incentive is necessary
to cover the losses which the developer faces through construction of units
below market price.
The assumptions underlying this analysis are detailed in Exhibit F. An
examination of these assumptions will illustrate that these figures are not
applicable to all possible situations. Rather, they should be viewed as
estimates which could vary significantly from one site to another.
`• The f.ollo;aing analysis calculates the minimum desirable market price assuming
an 8% return on investment. For simplicity, we have only entered in the cost
of unimproved land which was or could be ultimately developed into a conventional -
single -family tract. The Baxley Court and Hillcrest Road subdivisions are
characteristic examples. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that development
on large acreage in the hillside areas may be able to purchase the raw laird at
a considerably lower price and thereby realize greater profit if developed and
marketed at the existing rates.
Estimating the cost of land and housing in the hillsides is complicated by the
infrequency of large lot sales. We have to assume that our figures represent
a high estimate of the minimum price of housing offered by the private market.
Ih the following table the minimum price at which the private market would offer
housing in the foothill area is estimated to be $63,000 assuming a medium
quality home. Exhibit A details the components of a medium and high quality
home.
-1-
8].,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
LOW/MODERATE INCOM HOUSING POTENTIAL
-----------------------------------------
TABLE I
LOT SIZE 1AIPACT ON DWELLING UNIT COST
Lot .Size in Acres
(units per acre)
Costs
Exhibits*
-L or less
(4.4)
Unit Quality
1,1edium High
1
(1.0)
Unit Quality
Medium Hi.n
4+
(.25 - 0.0)
Unit Quality
Medium i?if�h
Structure
A
$35,000 $54,600
$35,000 $54,600
$ 35,000
$ 54,600
Improvementsl
8
4,000 4,000
6,000 6,000
20,000
20,000
Fees .d Charges2
C
1,700 1,800
3,200 3,200
8,700
8,800
Land
1)
22,300 22,300
26,300 26,300
42,600
42,600
(Unimproved)1
Tota14 $63,000 $82,700 $70,500 $90,100 $106,300 $126,000
*For detailed figures and sources see Appendix, exhibits as indicated.
Footnotes fable I:
1. Assuming an average frontage of 80 ft. for ' acre or less, 120 ft.
for 1 acre, and 400 ft. for 4+ acres, at a typical improvement cost
..of $50 per front foot. The $50 figure was obtained from estimates
made by. the Public lNTorks Department.
2. Rounded to the nearest hundred.
3. Unimproved land cost for the '4 acre parcels was determined by
deducting estimated improvement cost from the sales price of fully
improved parcels.
4. The figures have been rounded, the exact figures are provided in
t •
the Appendi.x.Exhibits.
-2-
81,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1.975
Hill Area Gcneral Plan
LOW/HODLILITL MCOML MOUSING POTLhTIAL
---------------------------------------------- -----------------------
Table II illustrates a gross approximation of: the number of duelling units
which would be permitted within the alternative slope -density formulas. A
conversion to acres per dwelling unit has been provided for conversion into
approximate land cost. See Lxhibi.t L, "Table II - Addendum" for further
translation of these figures into home sales prices.
TABLE II
neralI It.r. NNTTS IN HILLSIDE STUDY AREA
Within Urban
County Plan
City Plan
Very
Low Density
City -County
Plan
Maximum plan
Service Area
Acres
DU
DU/ac
ac/DU
DU
DU/nc
ac/DU
DU
DU/ac
ac/DU
DU
DU/nc
ac/DU
DU
DU/ac
ac/DU
Church Property
300
258
0.86
1.16
728
2.43
0.41
51
0.7.7
5.88
728
2.43
.41
1,320
4.4
.23
Foothill Fringe
288
125
0.43
2.30
337
1.17
0.85
19
0.07
15.16
.337
1.17
.85
1,045
3.6
'.28
Lindy Canyon
40
21
0.52
1.90
23
0.57
1.74
4
0.10
10.00
23
0.58
1.72
32
0.8
1.25
Regnart Canyon
344
123
0.36
2.80
118
0.34
2.92
38
0.11
9.05
118
0.34
2.94
275
0.8
1.25
Seven Springs
145
136
0,94
1.06
535
3.69
0.27
26
0.18
5.56
535
3.69
.27
638
4.4
.23
Sub -total
1,11.7
663
0.59
1.68
1,741
1.56
0.64
138
0.12
8.09
1,741
1.56
.64
3,310
3.0
.34
Outside Urban
Service Area
-
PermanenteFO.02
(approximate)
2,600
156
0.06
16.67
15
0.01
173
156
0.06
16.7
156
0.06
].6.7
Stevens CreekReservoir Area
1.,700
113
6.07
15.04
19
0.01
89
113
0.07
14.3
113
0.07
14.3
"ontebello Ridge
3,200
464
0.15
6.90
199
0.0G
16.08
50
0.02
64
464
0.15
6.7
464
0.15
6.7
Upper Stevens
800
100
0.13
8.00
71
0.09
11.27
18
0.02
44
100
0.13
7.7
100
0.13
7.7
Canyon
Sub -total
8,300
833
0.10
9.96
406
0.05
20.44
102
0.01
81
833
0.1.0
10.0
833
0.10
10.0
2,574
0.,27
3.66
4,143
0.43
2.27
TOTAL 9,417
].,496 0.16 6.29
2,3.47 0.23 4.J9
240 0.03 39
twrr.nrn spnere
of influence)
3-
8:1.,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hil.l. Area General. Plan
LOW /MODI" RAT E INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
---------------------------------
--------------•-----------------------
Exhibit E summarizes the market price of future homes in the foothill
areas based upon site area per lot. That is, by dividing the dwelling
units allowed under each plan (Table II) into the approximate acreage
you will obtain the number of acres devoted to each dwelling unit. This
technique allows us to identify the potential. market price available to
a development divided into a conventional. lot split fashion. If the
potential price on the more costly detached development is, recognized
the feasibility of subsidized units will not be over. emphasized.
Table I11summarizes the content of Exhibit E, explaining the number and
price range of: units by area. Each of: the three plans limit development
densities outside the Urban Service Area to an equivalent of 6 acres per
unit to 1.00 acres per unit consisting of a price range above $1.00,000
per unit. Table III excludes all areas outside of the Urban Service Area
as without potential for low/moderate income units.
Table III summarizes the number of homes by unit price which could
conceivably be provided under each slope -density formula.
. TA13LE I1:I
COST OF HOUSING - SUMMARY
WITHIN URBAN SERVICE AREA
(See Exhibit E)
Potential. for
Low/Moderate Market Level Number of. Units
jllcome Uinj.ts Price P.ange* County City Low City -County Maximum
Some Potential $ 63,000-$ 83,000 -0- 535 -0- 535 3,003
70,000- 90,000 394 1,065 -0- 1,065 307
Little or No
Potential 90,000- 106,000+ 269 141 -0- 141 -0-
No Potential 106,000- 126,000 833 406 240 406 833
Elie price range levels have been rounded to
the nearest thousand to aid simplicity.
These figures indicate that the City proposed slope -density formula offers
the greatest potential for some low/moderate income units. The units
indicating some potential are located as follows:
is>4
-4-
• -4
11
M
Hill Area Gencral Plan
LOW/1,10DERA'TE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
-------------------------------------
TA13LE IV
81,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
1. The law density plan offers no potential for low/moderate income units.
2. The foothills area offers the least potential due to its fragmented small
lot ownership pattern.
Table I, however, indicates that it is feasible for the developer to con-
struct some relatively moderately priced units ($63,000-$70,000) on a
1 acre or less lot sire equivalent. It is assumed that this could only be
achieved with the smaller single-family detached unit, through clustering
or in the form of condominiums. Some units are presently being marketed
at $66,000-$78,000, near the foothills. Otherwise, the only means of -
providing some "moderately" priced units is through regulation. If a
density incentive were sufficient enough it might be conceivable for the
developer to construct some moderately priced units (approximately $50,000
range). However, it is expected that such an approach would encourage the
developer to boost up the price (price shift) on the remaining units to
compensate for the "loss".
Low income units require an even greater price shift and density bonus.
The next section will discuss this feasibility.
-5-
LOW/MODERATE. HOUSING POTENTIAL BY AREA
(The numbers represent total
potential
units to which a percentage
require-,
ment may be applied.)
Plan Typel
Area
County
City City/CoumLy
Maximum
Church Property
285
728 728
1,320
Foothill Fringe2
-0-
337 337
1,045
Regnart Canyon
-0-
-0- -0-
275
Seven Springs
136
535 535
638
TOTAL
421
1,600 1,600
3,278
1. The law density plan offers no potential for low/moderate income units.
2. The foothills area offers the least potential due to its fragmented small
lot ownership pattern.
Table I, however, indicates that it is feasible for the developer to con-
struct some relatively moderately priced units ($63,000-$70,000) on a
1 acre or less lot sire equivalent. It is assumed that this could only be
achieved with the smaller single-family detached unit, through clustering
or in the form of condominiums. Some units are presently being marketed
at $66,000-$78,000, near the foothills. Otherwise, the only means of -
providing some "moderately" priced units is through regulation. If a
density incentive were sufficient enough it might be conceivable for the
developer to construct some moderately priced units (approximately $50,000
range). However, it is expected that such an approach would encourage the
developer to boost up the price (price shift) on the remaining units to
compensate for the "loss".
Low income units require an even greater price shift and density bonus.
The next section will discuss this feasibility.
-5-
81,003. 22
81.,003.61
July 7, 1.975
Hill Area General Plan
LOW/MODERATE' 1NCOi1E HOUSING POTE-WTIAL
-------------------------------------
SECTION II
FOOTHILL. AREA - LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPOR'1'IMITY POTEPTIAL
Exhibit G, "Low/Moderate Income Housing Opportunities", details the computa-
tions used to analyze the potential for low/moderate income housing in the
hillside areas. The figures illustrate that a family of "moderate" income in
Cupertino ($15,131 gross :income) could afford a home priced at approximately
$38,000 (i.e. 22 times income); and a "low" income household ($9,457 gross
income) could afford housing priced at $24,000 (i.e. 22 times income). In
order to objectively analyze the potential for low/moderate income housing it
is necessary to evaluate the ability to reduce housing costs to a level within
reach of the low or moderate income group.
The previous analysis attempted to evaluate the market price of future develop-.
went. It assumed that a developer will. attempt to maximize his profit,
seeking the highest price which the market will. bear. In calculating this
price we were forced to only consider, the cost of single lots presently for
sale in the hillside fringe. The availability of these lots is limited,
attributing to an inflated price. It is reasonable to assume that :if a
developer bought up and marketed a standard subdivision, cluster development
or condominium that he would be able to market them at a lower price. In
fact, it is questionable whether a sufficient market exists in this area for
homes exclusively priced at $80,000 and over.. Presently, two new standard
subdivisions, Ponderosa de Anza and Montebello West, are being marketed from
$66,000 to.$77,000. Table I indicates a price range of $63,000 to $82,700
for a 4 acre or less lot. Assuming that the $63,000 is an accurate figure,
representing the minimum price at which a developer would consider con-
structing units we can work backwards to the potential for moderate or low
income units.
The following breakdown of housing development costs is provided as the basis
for our assumptions:
-6-
81,003.27_
81,003.6.1
July 7, 1975
Bill. Area General Plan
LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
-------------------------------------
TABLE V
RESIDENTIAL COMPONENT COST ANALYSIS
"AW.RAGE HOME"
Land 20-25
Labor 25
Materials 25
Profit 8
Miscellaneous 17
100
Source: .Associated Building Industry of Northern California
Southern Division, 345 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara,
California, (March, 1975) -
Using an 8% race of profit on the investment we can assume that the developer
would break even if the 8% profit margin was deducted from the sales price.
Minimum Market Price $63,000
Overhead and Profit (8`/,) -5,040
Break Even Price $57,970 rounded to $58,000
This figure assumes only an 8% markup on the land. The actual markup may
exceed this figure substantially.
Therefore, if: the City of Cupertino develops a density incentive requirement,
how much of an increase would be necessary to insure that the remaining units
would not have to bear a disproportionate burden? The following subtraction
illustrates the subsidy amount:'
Minimum Break Even Price $58,000
Maximum Moderate Income Price -38,000 (rounded)
Subsidy Amount $20,000/unit
81.,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area Ceneral Plan
L041/1.10DERATE INCOItE HOUSING POT'EN'TIAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Simply put this means that a requirement: for 10% moderate income units
should be counter balanced by a,densi.ty increase to offset the
developer's loss. The following table displays this relationship:
TABLE VI
MODERATE CASE EY -NAPLES
BASE PROJECT SIZE = 100 UNITS
CASE I (MODERATE)
NO SUBSIDIZED UNITS
Market Priced Homes Subsidized Homes Total
Number of Units 100 -0- 7.00
Price $63,000+ N/A
Profit Rate (8%) 5,000/unit
x 100 _
Total Profit $500,000 $500,000
CASE II (MODERATE)
1.0% Moderate Income Units
No Price Shift
50% Density Increase Required
Market Priced Homes Subsidized homes Total.
Number of Units 140 10 150
Price $63,000+ $38,000
Profit Rate (8%) 5,000/unit -20,000/unit
x 140 x 10
Total Profit $700,000 -200,000 $500,000
CASE III (MODERATE)
10% Moderate Income Units
15% Limited Density Increase
51.200 Price Suitt Reauired
- 8-
Market Priced Homes
Subsidized Homes
Total
Number of. Units
105
10
11.5
Price
$63,000+
$38,000
Profit Rate (3%)
5,000/unit
-20,000/unit
x,105
x 10
Total Profit
$525,000
-200,000
$325,000
Price Shift Required
$1.75,000
X1.75,000
= 105
$1,667/unit
Total Profit after
Price Shift
500,000
- 8-
r.
81,003.'22
81,003.01
July 7, 7.975
Hill Area General. Plan
LOW/MODERA'1'liINCO� lEHOUSINGPOTENTIAL
-- -
In Case I, no subsidized units are provided. Case 11 provides density increases
for the subsidized units requiring no price shift to compensate losses. The
density increase required to achieve this state is 50%. Case II.I utilized a
density increase limited to 15% requiring a price shift of $1.,667/unit.
The above table illustrates that with a moderate income unit requirement of
10%, and a density incentive of. 1.5%, tine developer will almost certainly
shift- the remaining burden to the unsubsidized units, raising their price
approximately $1,667 per unit.
With higher price shifts, the density incentive can be layered accordingly.
For instance; a price shift of $2,368 would enable the density increase to
be l:imitcd to 5% for a total of 105 units. A price shift of $2,778 per unit
in a 1.00 unit pr.ojcct: would eliminate the need for density incentives.
Assuming a low $63,000 base sales price and sales prices of moderate quality
homes in the Cupertino area, it does appear that the existing market could
reasonably absorb an increase of $2,778/unit.
Income Unit Potential
You may recall from Exhibit G that a low income family could afford housing
limited to $23,643 in price. If we round this off: to $24,000/unit, a subsidy
of approximately $34,000/unit ($58,000-$24,000) will be necessary to maintain
the developer's profit.
'translating this :into the two Case examples reads as follows:
TABLE VII
CASE I - LOW INCOME
10% LOid INCOME UNITS
78% DE:.NSITY INCENTIVE - NO PRICE SHIFT
t Priced homes Subsidized }fomes 'Dotal
Number of Units 1.68 10 178
Price $63,000+
Profit Rate (8%) $ 5,000 -$34,000/unit
x 1.68 x 10
Total Profit $840,000 -$340,000 $500,000
81,003.22
81,003. 6.1.
July 7, 1975
Hill. Arca General ]'].an
LOIN'/PIODBRATE INCOME DOUSING POTENTIAL,
-------------------------------------
CASE LI - LOIN' INCOME'
10% LOIN' INCOME UNITS
15% DENSITY INCREASE - $3,000 PRIC17 SHIFT
Market Priced ]Ionics Subsi.d:Lzed homes
Number. of Units
1.05
1.0
Price,
$63,000
$24,000
Profit Pate (8%)
$ 5,000
-$34,000
Number of Units
x 105
x
10
Net Profit
$525,000
-$340,000
Deficit
Price Increase/Unit
Total. Profit
$315,000o-105
$3,000
$315,000
+185,000
Total
115
$185,000
$500,000
In Case I, a density incentive of approximately 78% would be necessary to
offset the expected :Loss from 10% low income units. In Case II, a price
increase of $3,000/unit plus a 1.5% density incentive would be. necessary to
provide 10% low income units.
The following table summarizes these relationships:
-1.0-
81.,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
1.011/HODERATE INCC)ME- HOUSING POTENTIAL .
TABLL VIII
BASE PROJECT SIZE = 100 UNITS*
Subsidized Non -Subsidized
The above table summarizes that there is some potential for low/moderate
.income units with some unavoidable tradeoffs. The feasibility of low/moderate
plans with price increases assumes that the private market will bear the
additional cost. On the other nand, the density increases might only be
applicable on the hillside fringe where the land is relatively flat and
able to absorb the density increases of 15%, 50% or 78%.
Although these tables are restricted to separate moderate and low situations,
the reader is encouraged to imagine a project with a combination of low and
moderate income units. Such a combination would require a different subsidized
price/unit, and/or density increase,. somewhere between the parameters outlined
in Table VIII. .
While the above analysis has concent'r.ated on allowing density increases and
price shifts, a third technique may be allowed to offset losses associated
with the below market priced units (termed the "no frills" .approach) .
The following section wi.l.l discuss this option.
-1.7.-
Total.
Density
Units
Increased
Units
Incentive
Moderate
Low
Price/Unit
No Plan
100
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
Moderate-Case 1
150
.50%
10
-0-
-0-
Moderate-Case 1:I
115.
157
10
-0-
$1.,667
Low -Case I
178
78%
-0-
10
-0-
Low-Case II
115
15%
-0-
10
$3,000
*A11 plans
maintain a
profit rate of
$500,000
or $5,000/unit on
a 100 unit
development.
The above table summarizes that there is some potential for low/moderate
.income units with some unavoidable tradeoffs. The feasibility of low/moderate
plans with price increases assumes that the private market will bear the
additional cost. On the other nand, the density increases might only be
applicable on the hillside fringe where the land is relatively flat and
able to absorb the density increases of 15%, 50% or 78%.
Although these tables are restricted to separate moderate and low situations,
the reader is encouraged to imagine a project with a combination of low and
moderate income units. Such a combination would require a different subsidized
price/unit, and/or density increase,. somewhere between the parameters outlined
in Table VIII. .
While the above analysis has concent'r.ated on allowing density increases and
price shifts, a third technique may be allowed to offset losses associated
with the below market priced units (termed the "no frills" .approach) .
The following section wi.l.l discuss this option.
-1.7.-
I �•
81,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
LOW/MODERATI: INCOME HOUSING POTI3NTIAl.
-----------------------------------
C--r-----.-- --
No Frills Option:
Another option for the provision of low/moderate income housing involves the
construction of. a "no-frills" unit to be marketed and sold at a moderate
or low cost. This approach could possibly utilize a smaller unit, substituting
inexpensive materials and deleting unnecessary options (e.g. fireplaces, tile
counter tops and floors, optional kitchen appliances, .etc.) which are not
deemed necessary for the day to day living and functioning of the unit. This
approach may also utilize a smaller lot size to realize even greater cost savings
on the low/moderate income unit. Care should be taken to locate the "no -frill"
units randomly throughout the development so as not: to emphasize their existence.
There are two techniques which may be used for the marketing of this type of unit.
1. Conventional marketing techniques: The first approach may simply be to allow.
the developer to market the unit in a conventional manner, making no attempt
to control the ultimate sale price. Such an approach would be subject to
the typical, market forces which influence the housing market. For
instance, this approach would make no attempt to distinguish between bonafide
homeowners and speculators or high income families primarily motivated by
the location of the unit. Therefore, there would be no assurance that the
no --frill unit will actually be inhabited by either low or moderate income
families.
2. Governmental regulation of resale: The second approach is for the City to
strictly regulate the sale and resale of the unit over its economic life
span to qualified low/moderate: income families. In this case, the unit
would be: allowed to resale at the initial sale price plus the fair market
value of any improvements plus a multiplier equal to the Housing Consumer
Price Index, for the Bay Area. Such a restriction could be recorded on
the grant deed as Palo Alto does. The City of Palo Alto controls the
resale of such units for a period of 59 years.
Combinations of density increases and no-frills promises toIreduce the required
level of density incentives or price shifts necessary to offset a developers
costs of providing low/moderate income units.
An example of such a combination which has been constructed in Palo Alto is
provided in Exhibit H of this section. 'Through the divi_si.on of: two standard
size lots and the construction of an ownership "duplex" type of unit, the
developer was able to provide four moderate income units on a 29 -unit project.
Hill Area General plan
LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
Al--------------------------------------
I
81 ,003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
SECTION III
IMPLEMENTING AND APPLYING THE REQUIREMENT
Basically, there are two possible policy options to be considered regarding
implementation of: a low/moderate housing requirement:
1. The requirement for a minimum percentage of low/moderate income units
may be.appli.ed to all projects above a certain number of. units. The
City of Palo Alto's "negotiation" process presently affects all projects
of 20 units or greater, application of the "requirement" to projects of
10 units or more is being considered.
2. The second approach attempts to be cognizant of those areas where any
density increase severely impacts the environment. That is, those areas
with steep slopes requiring large lot sizes could be exempted from the
requirement: for low/moderate income units. This concept would be con-
sistent with the economic facts which indicate that as the minimum lot
size increases the feasibility or practicality of low/moderate income
units decreases. Table II displays the equivalent acres/dwelling unit
associated with the various alternative plans. As the table shows all
plans require relatively large acreage in the area outside of the Urban
Service Area. Therefore, application of any requirement: to only those
project's above a certain number of units and within the Urban Service
Area appears reasonable as wel L as equitable.
Should the "Requirement" be Mandatory or Negotiable?
Presently, the City of Palo Alto approach is "negotiable". Again there are
two.vi.ewpo:i.nts which have to be considered. First, from the developer's
point of view it is desirable to leave the options as open as possible
.leaving room for "reason" in areas where he will argue that it is not practical.
On the other band, fair housing advocates may point to the inadequacy of the
negotiation process. Since the developer must be forced to provide for
lova/moderate income units it seems reasonable to assume that he will. under-
estimate the maximum potential which can be realized.
In light of the infancy of these types of programs and the unique situation
which will occur upon each development it seems reasonable to set parameters
to be followed in a negotiation setting. Following the negotiation/parameter
approach the General Plan may be amended as indicated below. This example
is not meant: to suggest percentages. Our only purpose is to illustrate how
a policy statement may read:
-13-
6.1,003.'22
61. , 003. 6.1.
July 7, 1975
Hill Arca Gcnera.l. Plan
LOW/MOPERA'I'G INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------
UAHPLI? POLICY STATEMENT
PROVISION OF LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES
To encourage and provide housing for all. income categories, all housing
developments of greater than units within the Urban Service Area
shall be required to provide at least low/moderate income housing
units. The exact percent of units provided shall be subject to negotia-
tions with the City. The negotiations shall take into consideration
the total number of units proposed to be constructed, the topography of
the site, accessabi.l.i.ty and any unique characteristics, which may influence
the desiiabili.ty or reasonableness of providing said units.
In such cases the developer may exercise the option of providing an
interiorly "basic" unit type, as well. as increasing the overall project
density by as much as 1.5% to offset costs associated with the below
market units.
-. Who Will Occupy tire Units?
Although it will be necessary to double check many of the legal technicalities
associated with this type of program it initially seems reasonable to establish
certain qualifications for occupants of the units. In the Palo Alto example
they have restricted applicants only to families which can obtain a bankable
loan. Secondly, their selection criteria established the following order of
priority:
1st Priority: Residents of 2 years or more.
2nd Priority: People who live or work in the, City
3rd Priority: All other eligible applicants.
The above criteria could be amended to give f:irsL priority to residents of:
2 years or more of a certain income who also work in the City.
How Can the Resale of: the Units be Cori trolled?
Again, in the Palo Alto program the resale is controlled for a period of 59
years (defined as the economic li.fe of Lhe unit:) through a grant deed restric-
tion. If the owner attempted to sell outside of the City determined procedure
the title search would expose the deed restriction.
-14-
I A
81,003.22
81.,003. G1
July 7, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
LOid/MODERATE INCOi•ili ]MUSING POTENTIAL
------------------------------------------------
SECTION IV
llEVELOPMIN'C SIZE
THRESHOLD LEVELS
The final consideration in reviewing the potential for low/moderate income
unit requirements on new development is to review the minimum project size
affected by the requirement. The City of Palo Alto presently applies their
'.voluntary" requirement to all. projects containing 20+ units.Requiring 10%
moderate on a 20 unit project. works out as follows:
$57,000/unit
_ x 20
$1,140,000
x .08
;91,200
If 2 units lose $20,000 each then $40,000 must be compensated; if a 15%.
density bonus is allowed t:lien the developer will realize an additional
$1.5,000 from the 3 additional units (i.e. $5,000/unit) leaving only
$25,000 to be disbursed among the rmuaining 21 unsubsidized units or
$25,000 21 = $1,190/unit rounded to $1,200. Therefore, regardless of
project 'size., the density incentive, price shift tradcof:f ratios will
still be necessary.
The following table sununarizes these relationships:
TABLE IX
DENSITY INCREASE/PRICE SHIFT SUa4ARY
Non -Subsidized
Subsidized Units Unit Price Increase
Density Incentive Moderate Low (Price Shi.f.t) _,
Moderate
50%
10%
-0-
-0-
(100 units)
15%
10%
-0-
$1,667
Low
78%
-0-
10%
-0-
(1.00 units)
35%
10%
$3,000
Moderate
1.5%
10%
-0-
$1,200
(20 units)
81.,003.22
81,003.6.1.
July 7, 1975
Hill Arca General Plan
LOId/MODEIL1TG INCOME HOUSING POTLNTIAL
• -----------------------------------------------------
SECTION V
SUMMARY
The review conducted here has purposely attempted to conservatively estimate
the ability of the private market to provide low/moderate income housing units
assuming that the developer wi.l.l not willingly absorb any loss from the
development. The study utilized only an 8% profit margin which in a time
with appi.oximately 12% inflation seems somewhat conservative and unlikely.
Because the realistic profit ratio is most likely well above 8%, the dollar
amount which can be deducted without developer expense can probably be
increased, thus decreasing the margin which must be made up with density
increases or price shifts. Furthermore, since the study showed that moderate
quality homes can be provided at around $63,000, and the private market is
realizing prices closer to $67,000, it appears reasonable to assume that the
demand for housing can absorb the price shifts associated with lower density
bonuses.
A unit requirement should be restricted.to a negotiation process providing
that a minimum percent requirement is met.
• Finally, application of: either a low/moderate income unit requirement on
new dev,,lopment should not be restricted to excl.usively the hillside areas.
Father., the potential for fulfillment of: this type of requirement on the
valley floor would Logically seem to be easier.
Upon direction from your Commission the staff will draft a specific policy
statement and program description incorporating the details necessary to
implement such a requirement.
The following snap attempts to identify those areas where potential exists
for implementation of this strategy. Identification of the precise parcels
affected will depend upon the plan selected.
-16-
83. , 003. 22
81, 003. 6.1
July 7, 1975
11111 Area Ceneral Plan
LOW/I'tODERATE INCOME: HOUSING PO'1'FVTT'IAT,
APP END I X
Exhibit A - Base Structure Cost
Exhibit B - Land Improvement Cost
Exhibit C - Development Fees and Charges
Exhibit D - Unimproved Lot Cost
Exhibit- E - Table II - Addendum, Cost of: Housing
Exhibit F - (Assumptions)
Exhibit G - Low/Modcrate Income housing Opportunities
Exhibit H - Palo Alto Exunpl.e
81,003.22
81.,003.61
July 7, 3.975
Hill. Area Gcncral. Plan
LOW/MOIDRATE INCOME HOUSING POTENT:CAI.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXHIBIT A — BASE STRUCTURE COST,
Source: Real. Estate Rescar.ch.Counci.l of Northern California — Real Estate
Quarterly Report, Vol. 26, No. 4, "Housing Cost Index"
January 1, 1975
Medium Quality
1,395 sq. ft.
74 sq, ft. porch
435 sq. ft. garage
walkways
760 sq. ft. driveway
$25.06 sq. ft.2
$34,954 - rounded to: $35,000
for the purpose of
this study
Overhead and Prof.it3: $5,150
October 1. 1974
High Quality
1.,750 sq. ft.
32 sq. ft. porch
484 sq. ft. garage
walkways
800 sq. ft. driveway
31.18 sa. ft.2
$54,569 — rounded to: $54,600
for the purpose of
this study
Overhead and Profit3: $8,190
1. Includes builders markup.
2. Square footage cost difference is highly influenced by the introduction
of finished carpentry, appliances and general quality of: materials.
3. Overhead and profit is calculated as approximately 15% of base
structure cost.
81 003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill. Arca General Plan
LOW/HODFRATEINCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL
- -
E%HILIT 13 - LAND D4PROVEMENT COST.
Source: Extracts from the Seal Estate Research Council of Northern
California - "Land Iiuprovemcnt Costs"
IITI�ni.cal." 1lnprovemc:nts*
April 1, 1974
per lot- front foot $45-$65
1972
per lot front foot $40-$55
1970
per lot front foot $35-$45
*Includes everything associated with preparing the lot: for
construction (eg. grading, fill., sub -base:, paving, street
i.mprovements).
The Public Works Department estimates that $50 per front lot foot is a
reasonable figure at this time in the City of. Cupertino.
r.
Hill Area General flan
LOId/MODEItATE INCOMh IIOUSIUG 1'0TL'N'T.AL
HMI:BIT C - DEVE1,01?MM FEES AND CHARGE'S
Structure Cost
$35,000 $:14,600
81,003.2.2
81,003.61,
July 7, 1975
Building Department: Pees
$156
$ 625
$2,500
Cons Lruction Tax
150.00
720
150.00
Plumbing, Gas, Electric,
200
225
250
Inspection
100.00
$1,570
100.00
Building Permit
1.42.00
195.00
Plan Check Fee
71.00
97.50
Strong Motion Tax (State
Tax $.07/$1,000)
2.45_
_ 3.85
Subtotal-
_
$465.45
$546.35
4 acre
1 acre
4+ acre
Public Forks
Storm Drain Feel
$195
$ 780
$1,950
Plan Check & Inspection
Street Improvements
200
300
1.,00()
Indirect City Expense
30
_ 45
150
Subtotal
$425
$1,125
$3,100
Cupertino Sanitary District
Acreage Fee ($625/acre)
$156
$ 625
$2,500
Front Footage2
480
720
2,400
Lateral Fcc3
200
225
250
Subtotal
$836
$1,570
$5,150
Total Fees and Charges
Structure Cost Lot Size
acre 1 acre 4-4- acre
$35,000 $1,726 $3,160 $8,715
$54,600 $1,807 $3,241 $8,796
I - 211 acre maximum allocated charge.
2 - Composed of an average fee for connecting to existing sewers or installation
of new sewers, at $6.00/front lot hoot.
3 - Lateral fees normally range from $200-$250 per lot.
81.,003.22
81.,003.01.
July 7, 1.975
Hill Area General. I'l.in
LOW/NODF.RAT1's INCOME 110USING PUPENfIAL
------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
BXHIP,IT D - UNIPIPEOVED 1,01' COST
Sources: 1. Santa Clara County Assessor's Office
2. Pri.v,,Ae Realtors in Cupertino area, Multiple Listing Service -
Lots in Cupertino, Saratoga, and Los Altos Hills area.
3. Private sales of lots in Cupertino area
4 acre or less
(all Cupertino)
Price Average. Price
$ 21,500
31,490
32,430
27,730
23,500
23,500
.23,500
23,500
29,500
$236,650 A 9 = $26,300
s - Saratoga
lah - Los Altos Hills
I acre 4+ acre
(Cupertino & Saratoga) (Cupertino & Los Altos Hills)
Price Average Price Price Average Price
$ 1.7,000 $ 48,000
28,000 35,850
28,000 44,000 fah
2.8,000"
23,850s
37,000``'
22,000s
$183,850 7 � $26,264 $127,850 = 3 = $42,616
The land cost per site wi.l.1 vary widely depending upon the potential for devel.op-
meat and the lot: siie. Because of the high improvement costs associated w:i.t.h
81,003."27
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area Gcneral. Plan
1 LOW/DI01 ERATG-J.NCOHEHOUSLNG POTENTI-AL EXHIISTT D (cont'J.)
--------------------------------- ---------------
large unimproved sUbdi.visi.on sites the cost per lot will be substantially less.
For the purposes of this study we will. assume that each lot will retail. at the
price which the market is willing to pay for a single lot with only minor.
improvements.
Also, it is important to note some of the observations of the tax assessors
working in this area. Their primary observation, which the sales prices bear
out, is that other facturs besides parcel size weigh heavily in the asking
price (eg. buildable area, view, etc.). Therefore, the actual cost of a
single-family lot does not vary sip,nificantly with parcel size.
1 14
V
(!
a
Hill. Area General Pleur
LOW1110DI:IIATE INCOME' 110USING POT'EN'TIAL
-------------------------------------
EAl11.L'IT E
TABLE I1 - ADDENDUM
COST OF HOUSING
81.,003.22.
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Subtotal 394 70- 90+ 535
63- 83
138 106-126+ 535
63- 83 3,003 63- 83
269 90-106 728
Very Low
City -County
-
337
70- 90
Within Urban
County
Plan
CiCv Plan
Ucnsity
90-106
Plan
Maxiioum Plan
Service Area
DU
1,000 $
DU
1,000 $
DU 1,000 $
DU
1,000 $
DU
1,000 $
Church
285
70- 90+
728
70- 83+
51 1.06-12.6+
728
70- 83+
1,320
63-
83
Foothills
125
90-106
337
70- 90
19 106-126+
337
70- 90
1,045
63-
83
Lindy Canyon
21
90-106
23
90-106
4 106-1.26-1-
23
90-106
32
70-
90
Regnart Canyon
123
90-106
118
90-106
38 1.06-1.26+
118
90-1.06
275
70-
90
Seven Springs
1.36
70- 90
535
63- 83
26 106-126+
535
63- 83
638
63-
83
Subtotal 394 70- 90+ 535
63- 83
138 106-126+ 535
63- 83 3,003 63- 83
269 90-106 728
70- 83
728
70- 83 307 70- 90
337
70- 90
337
70- 90
147.
90-106
141
90-106
Outside Urban
Area
Service Area
Permanente
156.
106-126+
62
106-1261-
15
106-126+
62
106-126+
156
106-126+
Stevens Crock
1 1. 13
106-126+
74
106-126+
19..
106-126+
14
106-1261-
113
106-126+
Montebello
464
106-126+
199
106-126+
50
106-1261-
199
106-126+
464
106-126+
Upper Stevens
Canyon
100
1.06-126+
71
106-126+
18
106-12G+
71
106-126+
100
106-126+
Subtotal 833 106-126+ 406 106-1.261 102 106-3.26+ 406 106-126+ 833 106-1261
k acre 1 acre 4+ acre
$63,000-83,000 $70,000-90,000 $106,000-126,000
81.003.22
81,003.61
July 7, 1975
Hill Area Guncral Plan
1,014/1.10MRAT'H INCOME NOUSING POTENTIAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXHIBIT li
(ASSUMPTIONS)
This analysis was predicated on the following assumptions:
1. The landowners in the hillside areas will attempt to maximize
the potential speculative value of their. property. Therefore,
their ultimate development decision will. subdivide and develop
the property according to the highest price the market will
bear.. In any case, the property owner will not willingly market
his investment at less than this price.
2. This analysis assumes that the prevailing market price is equal
to or exceeds the price which a single unit lot would cost to
develop. This is a reasonable and necessary assumption because
the multitude of lots on the market are single -unit lots, and
they have a greater likelihood of reflecting the prevailing
market: price. It also seems likely that although a developer
may be able to reduce his costs through clustering that lie will
not reduce his price below what: the market will bear.
3. Average frontages for the three lot sizes had to be assumed.
4. That if given a free choice, a builder would prefer to market
a higher quality 1,750 sq. ft. home as opposed to the moderate
quality 1,395 sq. 'ft. home.
81 003.2),
81,003.61
July 7, 1.975
Hill. Area General flan
LOWIMODERATE INCOME HOUSING POT1iNTIAI.
EXHIBIT G - LOW/1,10DERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPORTUNITII'S
San Jose S?1SA estimate
1974 Median Family Income $16,496
Source: Section 8, Family Income Limit Computations
(11-22-74) Economic and Parket Analysis
Division of the United States Department of
Housing and Urban Development
1970 San Jose SMSA (1970 Census Population & Housing) $12,456
1970 Cupertino (Profile 70) $14,282
(Cupertino income multiplier) 1.146596
1.146596
x
$16,496 =
'18,914
18,914
x
.80
= 15,131
moderate incoi iie
x
.50
= 9,457
low income
15,131
x
2.5
= 37,828
moderate income home cost
9,457
x
2.5
= 23,643
low income home cost.
$U dVN1 7139 NOILVIINIMOD 2109
TT
f_
h.I�_ •__ —4- __ __'` / ,...- I w r r e' ;I rtr5/ < �\ �// t-.• (�.gg//�C ,.
YC/4 a. / v,A. �,�.. 17k'O
C`� ��(•( :�fr-LT.�/,�iE/\ / 3 t� n � r *�'� \ �J>, � �`\�h`ij✓ "t s s.
Po 04� s\ i / 1N(J/ ��\ �✓ I 'r �\ / � �•( I'\� \ a\4�/%v, °l /\,Cris /V�'j �^� .
/Kje
��, �,> J \ ".'— ��LJ-c' `cf „6ytb/1/�... -C±.a� �'(•L �w.�..•
"\l
\'t
Cl) i� \ +. / ♦ .i O �V�Y. 'cl / v/ r a G, / / b vd, v
d �� �Y�`\� / r t�v\^ �, be: <q$ SL x`/.41\;1 i / yo!\✓ }I . >u yy � r \t I \f\\.. �ryi\' •n� \�1j ���'"Ia, sl tj
ll
- W � t � ! � � � O 3 r � \V / C) �-. � S k ! � /r >I� / f n s )`� 1 S•/ t .}--
I�.rrry.n/ �e/• \ L yC\/� �" ��1� ,�`�. /�:\ / c/ �I jl1 /_ � � t�\ -' 1' n. r�
V
ti l
0
CD U�
�•.`�/ Y 1..�_ / \\,t d .?^\:.�J Y �`: J�/ h" —4 p({{Ill... j„a-S
utZ_
O
i Ili i-t�'/ �(_,�(/ .�..�rs,i( 1'^1��✓�,f ?L'� v�� 1,+.� 4 \JKj •-i_�''' iF� �'/ z 0.
zJ
~ Eit7 dVW 33S NOav(1NI1N00 2101 v co
CDU
tt a,Yscncxa
t
�C
go
a e
to
_
t �
N
to
'i � � �• b a �
e�'
a •A i ".
FIS
.aiiea:�?�
l
t
�C
go
a e
to
_
t �
N
to
wL¢
U
9
F-
l
0
0
IL I
' I ., a av'cc< e ^ � \Z , �� �i�yy, �eYi.••����-i �i�•A `� :. ..
',.cr.[GJon r, a ♦a^1 e � � � n ; I. \frl it '1. �S�
Y wroo: i i UCil ��j.n 4v, q,
m
� I 1, )n1)i ✓ V a •1. .� wr C, � t,•, to a"". {� �'
�': � v�2 i � $r�� �� Y°� ;� ,pit •dy,� � p �t
r°,ol I
3 A
r � 11 • � 1 u e
— pp R A =,.amu ti��=w�, ' � �, • e o
moo•' 1 t• �?� � /
� I ,• � „ � e i ��$ i � ,III a, s
�EOK jam / R I N S
civile
II 3 ALfo UNI
1 /
=Rc1 TWOR1ATI0I! on CROW C WALLIS CTS.
TY=e of Construction - h'oodr'ra'me, "�- -----. .
Exterior - Plywood, Foundation -Concrete
All room carpeted except: Kitchen and
Kitchen and Bathroom floor coveringMe: vinyl.
Insulation including ceiling E exterior
walls. -
Kitchen
Is.:C'12n a;pliances: Dishwasher, range _ .� , ��I1 _��ffi •/'+ r _—„_y��� ��_ _
and disposal.
Landscaping and fencing included.
Single car garage.cll^` n
Not included:
drapes.. Refrigerator. �F.
g)A .'c Bd'
Hasher or dryer.
) o I FW.
U6 iI�U V l�l II 2 - "1 �111 1 :I �'i [..T < ♦rr—.-W_ — �}-
C
�a AJJ !� 4
I
oQ M1
7
.; Y^:_.
L'A17 'A' -� I :” t"�` SI1 It} 1 .J+
i .
..1202 £�. FT_
. ---.
OU PPLHX."F'.00R PLAN
d
_
t
> � r
Fes, y��yy o
., r. - .: _ . _ _.\ i .. !. - . - fi . _ .-.-_ .. : •J�Jpp� � � . -s.. R .-f-�+�.. . � :� -. - • �.� 'y�l' - a
_
- v :. moi,,.- ,� x 1�� ... _ : �L{ .. -.v � . � i '-, .: f .s. _.. _.-rv.•-- _•. •. _•- - ,n-.Ri.,_ _ �,$� 2 -
_ . - ✓. � _ , - . .- - .wr• r s , . ++-. u 1 -::.._ -. - _ t_ a -.xi_ . , _ _ --_-.y.., - 4 i- � - s
-OR
, ,- -:- .. .-. � :. :...... /,..: �' .. ..:. : .r... �;ice" _ _ ti .....� �`..• �-- ...�- �4 :...• `.r -" - FfL. � ... -
•
-
_
r t -
r
r
t
I<�• y/.. .. � �. -.-. _. - � -_ e.,- - - Yom, ,: ;.:v-_�:�sz -z ..;• - - '•y --e' r-----�+ t' - - - '_
_ � � � __.. _- _ . � ..-: ,. __ _- {L<•:e7 _ ._ . .� __ - __ , _ f:. � r, ,:. !�� Vii...
j �k
./f n
-
a }}
ssi y
-. 0 :, _.. _ _ ^--. - _ - i.. .- \ ... •- -_ ,-. r `i:_ -: _ .�- - � --Ci." � - �.._ - by . - "_+,. - - Si -
.. _ l { • e - _ .. .5- ! -, -.. _.. - , - -moi '. .� s F- - r��+.j� b_! f L.s� - _ �'. c. .- �: - : :� _ •-:'S _ -
1 v`f C T -. � ac. \ a _ _ _, , t - , r , w.-- (>- ^ �a - � a - _ -> � i••�v_ a a Y: � si •r
-
�Y F
_ �'�q� -.::�_ --.. - .. t•C'r€ r�(`-`�1., _. Ir_��.� _E-.-- -i a ___ !e 'i ._ .r,_ _ _ _r� - _ r:-1< - _' - _ _
VITAe �/b i r , : •••�._..:. 4eW: f-Tj.. -. f. : ,J -.:- ��..y .- � -.�' a r. :. ..-. I _ � .�tr - :-.e- _ F_� -) : T Y:�_rfawII._ _ _ �YJ1�����f. -♦- r. .L _ y,^t _ "� /�
_
_ ♦. _ t{Y. :. � � .i _ -.._f `{.. _-1{y/ - -4'-'a �- <•�.`-�[[�z�t
- L - �.._ -. n .�: -+.... C� .- �. - , 112 IS. .__ 'y. _ ': 13a � - _ _ �.+F• - -
r-
�,: _.. �- a, x. :.,�\ - .• :. _ 6 .4 mak'. -.. _ __ _ Fg''f .:F:'.� = I
-
'� 3•� y}'� al U' _ -�7 •. :.mac s,-_)+:- ....:-fli- : � ir�: i�' �^- I
-. t � - .- O ,ti•1 �- - -_'?'. Y•.'f --F�'±� _- JF -J �. - -�
- . p � -- -. ... _.., �` � .^.::.... �k:.-t��; `i }•�4_as^•- _ j'�3'. f =, £ _ � \amt � -- ,.__ _ - _ -_ _ _ -
c
4 1 T : ..: ..<... .j.. \ 'Yi :f'�'\Z 315-. ? . ♦ �.�� t[�j t_� Li:: �._ - : • �'`>. d £ j
_
a � _
k )�
K\a\alaaa•
} N
n
e 4 _ L � :'. >. _... , 'r \`. �� . � - 1705 •.... f `� ,. :f,`.a:.....n _ - -. .. ! \aa afl � -_ -.. .. na\aa \r �.,.,... � :.. `- -'� 7 4 ''fit ..
1.< ✓ as av ♦ �_ _
- A c � �.. .�--_� : _. .: ,_.- A��/ i' � � _.w=.:i. ', � :... �_ - .1.... .. .: e:: xa "� Fes. - ix '- t-. • i - .--r .cam - - o _ -"
• - s , -0 ., _;.. 'r.. _' / ♦ ��.., - - .:. .. ':- .::. f. - -e-ear_:.-.. ._.._ vv aCaaa.;- - _..- T-. � naavaa _ _ f�'e - �.,n:v - _.
- t ( �L�-� / .y ��aa Aas .ASas - _-- • - �'• $.r-<- -
() .i I' ._ Ate—_, � - r � -`V � .....:. 6'.. h- ...... _3 _ .- a _.-, r -• a ,. _ _ .. -_. 1- � - ':�^ - - i
•.. � � -_. � .� 605 -.--,.- rk::: :::. � �. ... .. :.. -. f. _. �,.-- 1 -_ .-r�- -_. .. ! �� e } 1 � -,-_ - ___..-- `_'� 4 s,_
w
k
- V
p. •
.r � r ♦ '� . � � :.. .:.:?< :r� � .. ,:.i -. `i ��.��--�.---� � _ - ,:.._ ._ _ e--r-etlt RST '�pc
n - : t. - _ 1 _ __ - - nae ����t,ai F _ '•-}r _ ,. ♦ 1
\ - : � ", - - - '\ -__• 1... .: : C .. .. - � ",. : aA aa.,1 - .- eaAaaNVAa1 -)}.. _ _>r�. � #'.3' � � t
-
♦ "-: f� � � _: > __. ., .: .t;��-� n ,Jl �, / l,_ _` � .-. .._ _- __ - .:. _..: - - : ._ _ '_-:.. F <Svala aaa♦ �" -1 _ _ _ - _ _
}� x � _ �. 1 _a-•_�-.-. A � r � r : -- :--- .. .: .'-.. .. - • �.vyvaa aava �,-.��T hl4 _ - -
'W �� .'I � �%�___- 1�-.�`- - - R x � - A 1. k. _:,...l c. • .--...,} - rt _ :.: --.•. �Svva aavaavav _r1 _._. - _ `� � rj�'� -
1
r
s x :. � � �' / - ' ♦ - 1 1- _ f" - `ice v i t 1'' i �,:
' Q ri ._�:._ .. _ �s A. � � t ♦ � • - � _ -C ._ ' 4 .: s n'r• .�L«_-i _ _: r_ � � -.a -- } - � - _ _ _ _ �_ � . - yL, 1 . _ -
Vk
IRS
: � r. .. __..._ . rb _ �tl":: � lad• Aa. .. '. '• - -- T ��'r •. 1
• i
Y I 1 r. r� ,- \-. _ - 1 � ,},. 2 � - k .� r r r. � ir_,r�\.. _ F\\ l s T_ • .1 �1 • _ :,F. - -
i
:
,
I \
I1-
, 1
k 1 [:-� $ - :A�t. � a i � +� .,. ::� x;;r. :- ' - t � ,AA - :- �.� \v _-- •..-.. i 1-•-` :.-.f - - -:- :, A. -{.F- - :- � ,.c : -.l} '- itl - ' ::i:.-� - :.'..'�
F •.
ri
:
z
RR
L
U�
- l a 1✓/1 _ �- '�:,' V r:. �- ,. _ .._ .1 �', A � _� -. -_ -. .r a - � �Tr k u. .P�- wr`.> �!1 bee:i T � : -' ��' � -
-
•
�� A� y i. ,.. /. / :.w � .__. _-' � �• . .'• -T- �. .t. •tea _- � }-�- ./ �.l<�
_ Mr) r ./• _ /.. /il ../ - :-'Z�� h . _ ,_r f _ - •r9fc� �, ,5:' /r-% .A f_�^�'.-�X'
i
�r
,
V
a
_ .r "lit - u �-v , • -• -> - ,_ - , _ : ., � _ _
Y
ll t , - _ -.. _ � r e � •,, � - Y .. ^t "._"_..._.... —. ,; � `lw•_v-a a : `:. '� -�$ r% f I F � :.-`---_ - r . K,- t
1� / ,.a .' _. - - = rS - - _ _�^ - / � .. ..1 � _ � ���-, n- - e : ,. �1 _ ; : rl .Ifk. f F p .. . des _ -_,: �. � -�:3 � • _ _=.i�J�.. }.-, r-. -
.
.,,
pl![-�� � � i • old • � - sss' � >� _ - � -� � . � ZiE�fr�l� i„*f''- - _ , �� �---i��) _ ( ( :1:. ,
- t ;
WA
J f
'ffill, goo
ff W-1
ME
f'`� � -,• � �, �. �� . F �"� . + tee,
MI
���%
IMILAll
FP
I%"
� % .moi 1 ._ �1�'_ _ - aA - - I✓-�
r 6 .� � �, \��r H ', �,, \. ", 1 � � �"•• .,i� #/ lam` �1'f
� + \ r -y� H�\``��' 1. �� �'! f"- •� �_ ' I�r .r ., 4 iI �• �"l*.1F���
.� ��►, - ► -tel ��,� ; ; ���_ rLA,
fl
mill 1\1 p
Two
► ���`� \ \ \
UPS
,bit
RAPI
Imp—
Mil
I
w \�•.x�x I.V ',� Mgr
�� �• • ` . 111111 �FT��7�f�N \ • -> �.ra�� ���•) - �� ����- � .•�� I '��{�; • �
���•!� �x�� ON �14 rll�•�h�r
11s."'a�a1►31ii
,a,Mall
�
�;- - AFL. r1�+ , -^' ..G' � {-- �^':. "+.: �tt� �,,�.•• l- � \.+;••-as, `tq ��_ �,
1�w� •�1�G1�<� w� �iti• ��-moi"' � �� -� � - �1���r•n� � .. -- -
RS� � ,� k F � .. Vairu6•..�_ •... - - rc_ _i i_� �_f�/3+aF`L��._ —
i
�
5
xR ec ,
r
.,,
pl![-�� � � i • old • � - sss' � >� _ - � -� � . � ZiE�fr�l� i„*f''- - _ , �� �---i��) _ ( ( :1:. ,
- t ;
WA
J f
'ffill, goo
ff W-1
ME
f'`� � -,• � �, �. �� . F �"� . + tee,
MI
���%
IMILAll
FP
I%"
� % .moi 1 ._ �1�'_ _ - aA - - I✓-�
r 6 .� � �, \��r H ', �,, \. ", 1 � � �"•• .,i� #/ lam` �1'f
� + \ r -y� H�\``��' 1. �� �'! f"- •� �_ ' I�r .r ., 4 iI �• �"l*.1F���
.� ��►, - ► -tel ��,� ; ; ���_ rLA,
fl
mill 1\1 p
Two
► ���`� \ \ \
UPS
,bit
RAPI
Imp—
Mil
I
w \�•.x�x I.V ',� Mgr
�� �• • ` . 111111 �FT��7�f�N \ • -> �.ra�� ���•) - �� ����- � .•�� I '��{�; • �
���•!� �x�� ON �14 rll�•�h�r
11s."'a�a1►31ii
,a,Mall
�
�;- - AFL. r1�+ , -^' ..G' � {-- �^':. "+.: �tt� �,,�.•• l- � \.+;••-as, `tq ��_ �,
1�w� •�1�G1�<� w� �iti• ��-moi"' � �� -� � - �1���r•n� � .. -- -
RS� � ,� k F � .. Vairu6•..�_ •... - - rc_ _i i_� �_f�/3+aF`L��._ —
i
r-�
Hill Area General Plan
CIRCULATION
AL/tm 81,003.22
86,021.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CIRCULATION
• ----------------------
West Side Traffic Study
The City has employed Don Goodrich, Traffic Consultant, to calculate traffic
volumes in the area west of the Southern Pacific railroad track and to
analyze various aspects of the traffic situation in that area. His calcula-
tions are based on the number of dwelling units resulting from the adopted
General Plan for the "Infilling" area and the "City Plan" for the hill study
area, with both areas fully built up to the holding capacity permitted by
respective plans. Through traffic is assumed at a projected 1995 level. In
addition, Don (,00drich has compiled a set of factors in ,order to enable the
City staff to calculate the effect of alternatives with varying density
assumptions, in a way consistent with his "City Plan" calculations.
Don Goodrich's report is enclosed. The following text, by the City staff,
is mainly concerned with descriptions of the several alternatives. Table
numbers refer to the City staff's report, unless "Goodrich repnrt" is .indicated.
Table 1 states the number of dwelling units in the traffic study area (which
is larger than the hill study area) for the following alternatives, in order
of increasing density: (1) "Existing"; (2) "Very Low Density"; (3) "County
Plan"; (4) "City Plan"; (5) "City/County Plan"; (6) "Maximum Plan". "Difference"
is the number of units in each alternativeminus the corresponding number in the
• "City Plan". The assumptions on which the calculation's have been based are
stated in the chapter "Introduction to Alternatives".
Table 2 is an expansion of Goodrich's Table 5, and shows the range of traffic
volume (in one direction) and lane demand -(for both directions) for varying
service levels. For instance, Service Level D in a two-lane road occurs
between 634.375 and 678.125 vehicles per hour in one direction and between
lane demands of 1.8125 and 1.9375. (Numbers are not rounded, as this some-
times would affect service level.) "Half -levels" have been introduced, as
Goodrich uses them in evaluation of the roads. The table assumes that Service
Level B -C and Lane Demand 1.0 occurs at 700 vehicles per. hour and lane.
Table 3 is identical to Goodrich's Table 7, and is a tool to translate difference
in dwelling units from "City Plan" into difference in lane. demand.
Tables 4-7A calculate the change in lane demand for each alternative and each
location as listed in Table 3. (It seems illogical that a minus sign should
represent increase; the reason is that the alternatives originally studied
normally would show decrease from the "City Plan".)
Tables 8-12A show the resulting lane demand and service level at each location.
Table 8, "No New Development" assumes that no development would take place
within the traffic study area, but that through traffic would increase. (The
column "Increase to Nov. 1, 1974" shows an inconsistence as all numbers should
be zero; devi.ations seem to be a result of roundings.)
• Table 13 is a summary of Tables 8-12A
-1-
•
•
•
AL/tm 81,003.22
86,021.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CIRCULATION (cont'd.)
-------------------------------
Table 14 shows the difference that would result if the Catholic Church and
Seven Springs properties were not developed. (No calculations so far for
the "Maximum Plan".) .
It is sometimes possible to choose between fewer number of lanes with a low
service level and more lanes with a high service level. "Lanes Built 1995"
and corresponding "Servi.ce Level 1995" are generally ci._en so that a service
level lower than C (congestion) would not occur. Tabi,.'3 is an exception,
it intends to demonstrate the service level resulting rtum existing number of
lanes or the ;comber to which roads could be widened very easily.
The enclosed maps in scale 1" = 2000' correspond to Tables 8-12A.
The underpass of Foothill Boulevard under Junipero Serra Freeway (Interstate
280) is a critical location. It may be possible to widen the underpass to
six lanes with moderate construction work, but the County, City and City/
County Plans all require 8 lanes according to the calculations, which would
necessitate a major reconstruction. The "Maximum Plan" would require 10 lanes,
which also would affect nearby intersections.
The required number of lanes in Stevens Creek Boulevard should create no
difficulty, except possibly the six lanes east of Foothill Boulevard in the
"Maximum Plan".
Stelling Road is not included in the calculations. However, Goodrich's report
indicates the following data for the "City Plan" (for 1995). The other
alternatives would cause little change.
Location on
Stelling Road
S. of Interstate 280
N. of Stevens Creek Blvd
S. of Stevens Creek Blvd
S. of Bollinger Road
Lane Needs Service.
Demand Build Level
1.8 2 B
2.3 4 A
4.0 4 B -C
2.6 4 A
Collector roads outside the Urban Service Area
Stevens Canyon Road would serve approximately 340 to 689 dwelling units, of
which 200 to 460 units are located along Montebello Road ("City Plan" and
"Count), Plan", respectively). Assuming a peak hour traffic generation of 0.7
vehicles per dwelling unit, the one-way peak hour traffic would be 240 to 480
in Stevens Canyon Road south of Inspiration Heights, 140 to 320 in Montebello
Road west of Stevens Canyon Road.
-2-
AL/tm 81,003..22
86,021.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• CIRCULATION(cont'd.)
- -
An insignificant additional volume of through traffic would be generated in
Eden Valley; most traffic from this area would prefer Pierce Road. Recrea-
tional traffic mostly .generated by Stevens Reservoir may be substantial but
would not be likely to coincide with home -work -home peak traffic.
The quoted traffic volume is theoretically well within comfortable capacity
of a two-lane road. Howe:•er, Stevens Canyon Road and particularly Montebello
Road are narrow and very winding and offer practically no possibility to pass
a slow vehicle. It is submitted that a substantial volume of work -connected
traffic (as in the "County Plan") would create a strong pressure for con-
struction of a four lane road or at least passing lanes in many locations.
Such construction would be very costly and environmentally damaging in the
case of Montebello Road. ,
Local Roads in the Hill Area
Full development according to either the "City Plan" or. the "County Plan"
would require a considerable network of local access roads. The length of
this network is not directly proportional'to the density. (Theoretically,
length is proportional to the square root of density.)
For reason of both fire safety and convenience, it is submitted that street
e rel-Oe-5ars and driveways as the only access should be limited both in length
and to the number of dwelling units served; that an intermediate number of
units' should have access through fire trail in addition to a cul-de-sac;
and that a substantial number of units should have access from more than one
direction, through a loop street. Furthermore, additional access through a
loop street or fire trail should not wait for completion of development; at
least an extra fire trail should be provided through undeveloped property where
needed.
Two sketch maps show a road pattern, one assuming individual development, the
other assuming cooperation between property owners to cluster development in
more easily accessible areas. It is emphasized that the maps are not.a
detailed study, they intend only to give a general idea of the two concepts.
(However, a more detailed study has been made of the Regnart Canyon area.)
It seems likely that the cost for even minimal standards of access, erosion
control and sewers or septic tanks would prohibit complete development on an
individual basis. In other words, land price (which is defined as sales price
minus development cost) would be negative for the densities discussed here.
Development would take place where existing roads (e.g. Regnart Canyon Road
and Montebello Road) could be utilized for frontage, possibly with the addition
of a few very expensive homes on large lots and with long driveways.
Development should be profitable at a higher density, provided that the City
or the County (that is mostly the taxpayers in the valley) pays for major access
• roads, in other words subsidizes the development. If self-supporting, even a
quite high density may not be profitable.
-3-
E
•
•
AL/tm 81,003..22
86,021.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CIRCULATION (cont'd.)
Clustering of dwelling units not only within each property but in larger
areas is likely to change the economics of development. The most suitable
areas would be selected for development, and the network of local roads would
be greatly reduced. It is suggested that a policy of non -subvention and a
strict enforcement of reasonable development standards would result in coopera-
tion between property owners as the only. way to profitable development.
-4-
AL/tm
86,021.1
March
10,
1975
Rev. April
10,
1975
•
Rev. May
12,
1.975
West Side Traffic
Study
DUELLING UNITS
IN NEIGHBORHOODS
COMBINED INTO
ZONES
Difference from
"City Plan"
_
------------------------------------------------------------------"
N'd
Very
City/
(Traffic
Nov. 1
Loa
County
City
County
Max.
Zone)
1974
Density
Plan
Plan
Plan
Plan .
73
147
160
160
221
221
279
83
126
156
203
198
198
416
Stev.Res.
15
19
113
74
113
113
Montebello
56
50
464
199
464
464
Up.St.Can.
36
18
3.00
71
100
100
(1)
380
403
1040
763
1096
1372
Difference
- 383
- 360
+ 277
+ 333
+ 609
63
357
412
412
412
412
412
51L
510
541
541
541
541
541
Lindy
3
4
21
23
23
32
(2)
870
957
974
976
976
_. 985
Difference
- 106
- 19
- 2
0
+ 9
Seven Sp.
19
26
136
535
535
638
Regnart
28
38
123
118
118
275
(3)
47
_
6/i
2.59
653
653
913
Difference
- 606
- 589
- 394
0
+ 260
62
366
545
545
545
545
545
(4)
366
545
545
545
545
545
Difference
- 179
0
0
0
0
72
333
488
488
488
488
488
82
456
475
498
533
533
749
Permanente
15
156
_ 62
156
156
1393
(5)
789
978
1142.
1083
1177
Difference
- 294
- 105
+ 59
+ 94
+ 310
61
524
571
571
571
571
571
(6).
521,
571
571
571
571
571
Difference
- 47
0
0
0
0
71
657.
774
774
774
774
774
81
168
218
254
375
375
591'
(7)
825
992
1028
1149
1149
136.5
Difference
- 324
- 157
121
0
+ 216
Church
0
51
258
728
728
1320
(8)
0
51
258
728
728
1320
Difference
- 728
- 677
-'476
0
+ 592 .
Total
3801
4561
5817
6468
6895
8464
Difference
-2667
-1907'
- 651
+ 427
+1996
AL/tm 86,021.1
April 10, 1975
Rev. May 12, 1975
• West Side Traffic Study
TRAFFIC VOLUME (in one direction) and LANE. DEMAND (both directions)
-----------------------------.-
u
- inn
Z X volume/Lane
Serv.
Level (
2 -lane road
Vol. I Dem.
J 4 -lane road
Vol. Dem.
6 -lane road
Vol. Dem.
8 -lane road
Vol. Dem.
A
590.625
1.6875
1181.25
3.375
1.771.875
5.0625
2362.5
6.75
A -B
634.375
1.8125
1268.75
3.625
1903.125
5.4375
2537.5
7.25
B
678.125
1.9375
1356.2.5
3.875
2034.375
5.8125
2712.5
7.75
E -C
721.875
2.0625
1443.75
4.125
2165.625
6.1875
2887.5
8.25
C
765.625
2.1875
1531.25
4.375
2296.875
6.5625
3062.5
8.75
C -D
809.375
2.3125
1618.75
4.625
2428.125
6.9375
3237.5
9.25
D
353.125
2.4371
1706.25
4.875
12559.375
7.3125
3412.5
9.75
D -E
896.875
940:625
2.5625
2.6875
1793.75
1881.25
5.125
5.375
2690.625
2821.875
7.6875
8.0625
3587.5110.25
3762.5
10.75
E
E -F
984.375
2.8125
1968.75
5.625
2953.125
8.4375
3937.51.11.25
--
F
NOTE; Criteria by Don Goodrich, amended to.provide consistent
"half -levels" of service (e.g. A -B). Numbers arc not
rounded, as this sometimes would affect service level.
SERVICE LEVELS
A: Good D: high congestion
U: Some congestion E: Near breakdown
C: 'Congestion F: Breakdown
• -2-
e
West Side Trafiic Study -.Don
CHANCE. IN LANE DEMAND (in
A CHANCE IN 100 DUELLING UNITS
_________________________
Location
Goodrich -
a two-way road) DUE TO
IN A TRAFFIC ZONE
---------------- --------------------------------
T r a f f i
c Z
AL/j;: 66,021.1
March 10, 1975
o n e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
'
A
Foothill Blvd. -
0.12
0.
0.
0.
0.20
0.
0.
0.
S. of Stev.Crk.Blvd.
.'.B
Foothill Blvd. -
0.12
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
N. of McClellan Rd.
C
McClellan Road -
0,08
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
E. of Foothill Blvd.
D
McClellan Road -
0.08
0.
0.
0.20
0.
0.
0.
0.
.
H. of Bubb Road
E
Bubb Road -
0..
0.06
0.07.
0.16
0.
0.
0.
0.
N. of SINS Crossing
.
F
McClellan Road -
O.D4
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.
0.
0.
0.
E. of Bubb Road
I^
G
Bubb Road -
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
e
S. of McClellan Rd.
H
Bubb Road -
0.04
0.10 '0.04
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
•
V. of Rainbow Drive
3
Rainbow Drive.. -
0.04 .0,10
0.16
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
E. of Bubb Road
'
J
Foothill Blvd. -
0.08
0.
0.
0.
0.12.
0.04
0.1.4
0.04
N. of Stev.Crk.Blvd.
'
R
Stevens Creek Blvd. _
0.04
0.
0.
0.
0.08
0.04
0.06 .0.04
' E. of Foothill Blvd.
L
Foothill Blvd. -
0.08
0.
0.
0.
0.12
0.04
0.14
0.16
S. of Junip.Serra Fwy.
-
M
Stevens Crk. Blvd. -
0.04
0.
0.
0.
0.08
0.16
0.06
0.04
V. of Bubb Road
N
Stevens Crk. Blvd. -
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.16
0.08
0.16
0.06
0.04
E. of Bubb Road
-3-
*
10
r•�
1
I
1
I
N
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
J
n i
O 1
O: 1
ci 1
� V 1
V rl 1
t» w 1
q 1
U M 1
be 1
A
O 1
t1 1
>,n 1
;! 6 d 1
V
N W ttl 1
V E 1
v1 W O I
w% u I
ea 6 t
Vac 1
C 1
4
H
u w 1
b W I
C
NN r.l
O
Pi C 1
41
11 w 7 I
b
tq V o I
U
¢ n V I
a
J J b •O O N OJ W b O b O b b
O N .y ti O � � m •"I � N a N N
J M N N O O O O ✓1 O �-1 b N rl
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 I 1 1
W N N W 00
rl o r+ 0 0
0 o d o 0
O N N N N N
O O O O
O OI 1 1 I I
t 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b t0 : b •O J N
b oo n n o
1 1 I I n n vl v1
O O
O O .O O O O
N L n O O O N
rl O N N N •"I
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 I 1 1 1 0
O O O O O O
O O O O O O
J J b •D N W W m N Ib
N N rl N O O O O -1 O H O O
M M N N N ri •i rl N rl N rl N
M M N N 1 � H rl H N N N N rl
O O O O O O O O d O O O O
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1
6 1>'7 V n W w U p7 H �"! D. a .'1'. z
is
10
0
C;
1;
C;
C;
C;
C;
O
C;
C;
W
C;
C;
C;
C;
co
N
00
C�
O
0
0 P4
Lr 1
w
OD
Go
to I m
I
0 1
0
0
0-0 1
14 z F1 1
C;
41
-ON 0 1 r.
4.1 a $4 t 0
d
ro
v
a
w
P4
0
.3
14 > 1 0
I�.
I
H VI 1
rl O. 1
q
h
m
b
J
•-1
w
.-/
.-,
w
N
N
b
O.
O
O I
O
. . 1
F
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
w rl {
1
F I
X U 1
N
N
w
N
N
U 1
1
t
1
I
b
J
b
J
J
1
I
O
O
o
O
O
1
1.
1
{
w
w
w
N
N
1
O
O
O
O
O
1
I
1
O
w
N
w
N
N
q{
al
1
?:l
O:
0 0l
o
0
0
o
' U b
V G I
- x O 1
O
O
O
O
O
O
p V 1
q 1
v] 1
C 1
b
J
O
O
o
b
I
N
I
I
1
1
b
J
O
O
O
1
1
1
1
b
V < N
V d w 1
N 1
m w u 1
o
0
0
0
0
o
q G 1
u VI
Co a
H '/. 7 1
H q l
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
U q 1
b W 1
r
w a 1
O
w d q I
H
W 2 1
u
U P: 1
q
Q
i+,
U
q
P7
W
O
W
H
7
ili
r7.
z
n U O 1
V
d w z 1
0
1
•
N h 1
.
•n 1
1
O
O
O
O
O
o
O
O
o
O
O
o
O
r-1 N I
ad 1
V 1
p
1
1
1
1
f
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
_
1
i
1
1
.
1
I
n
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
• 1
�
i
1
•
1
1
I
-
1
1
t
-
' 1
O
M
N
O
N
N
1
W
N
�
N
✓1
N
%�•
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
(
t
1
_
1
C I
Itl 1
O M i
o I
N 1
0
00 V 1
-
[r = 1
i0 I
U u 1
K 1
a N 1
A W 1
v H 1
-
q 1
.
b `.: Is
-
y 6 o t
In w 1
A C 1
u a i
.awgl
41 a �. 1
rl
o.
a.
.D
�O
I
M
M
M
<l
.O
M
F Z u 1
H C I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
o
O
b w o 1
C
DI
.1 �i
w
s
w
a
w
w
x
r+
x
a
z
1
U
0U u
p kl U 1
O
tea= 1
a
rl
I r F
Is
I •
.-t .n
1
.o
O
N.
.i •.
• .O M
I O
M
1�
J
�t
O
N
M
M
.D
M
V3
C)
. ab .-/
1 F
1
.-1
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
O
O
T
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
1
x ca
I
n
I
\
1
m
m
N
m
m
a
1
o
I W
N
N
O\
N
N
1
I
1
O
O
O
O
O
1
1
1
1
11
1
�1
.p
d
•O
.O
r-
.
1
O
O
O
O
O
1
e
1
1
1
!
O
N
m
N
m
m
! ✓1
N
1
1
1
1
1
t
1
1
r
�
�.
�'
�
1
•.o
M
N
M
N
N
1
'
1
O
O
O
O
O
O
I
!
1
I
f
L
1
!
1
n
1
O
1
i=
1
\ Q
I
vi
I
w
!
o
0
0
0
0
0
V Y
f M
I
1
I
1
✓1
M
O
O
.-�
1
1
!
1
m
X0
a
1
0
0
0
0
0
o
q o
1
•Tq'U
•6 Z N
I N
I
1
1
1
O
O
O
O
O
1
1_
1
1
O
N U] R
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
q G
1
I
1
1
1
I
1
U O
1
H W U
!
W
.-/ a
l
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
1
1
!
1
1
1
!
I
1
I
1
1
!
1
b W G
1
N N y
0 l O
•
W
1 u
' Y w x X
1 b
d
W
V
q
W
W
V
?:
V h
1 O
w
a wY.
1 0
—7A—
4
lit
I
b
1
H I
N
WM
U 1
ro
] W
> I
U
O w
U 1
H
H ro
a 1
U
y H
i
G
H H
U I
H
U 1
H 1
> 1
H 1
H
U 1
ro
rn I
u.
1
O
V ,
u
1 f
I
GI 1
A
I
a
y 1
N
U I
C' 1
a 1
m I
•�
N I
U
M1 ii
1
ro
H
w ro I
G
>
aql
I
y w w 1
U U C I
W
MH ro l
C 1;
O
Y 0
O w W H I
In U
U u 1
W O 1
a
W
C O H 1
O W= I
N 1
W G 1
TW ro 1
a a 1
u LI 1
6 G I
U a U I
M G I
W O O 1
C
ro H 1
0
N V) V 1
+1
b U I
ro
U H q I
U
N H U I
O Z 1
u a 1
U O Z 1
m PO ta q
1 1 6 6 6 w A 4 6 ci W W 6 10
N N .N N It N N N N J N v •t V
N O 1'7 ul W e-1. W W H n n C1 O a
W M W W •t N O 1'1 •O M1 O 1'7 1'7 n
n M1 H M1 1•I •D �Y t•'1 •-/ vl OI W N n
N N H H V N h 14 M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o b o o
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
vt v7 Cl cl M N HI 1.7 t•f rn M 4\ t+l N M
O O O O O O O O O O
A
ro
U
v
v v •O - .p W b 1 J N N N co .O H
N O 1'1 ut CO H W W H n n M O P >
W
CO W
]
O
u
T
.J ' M •o J �? N N N �Y CO 'O ro
N O •t'1 'vl "W H W' W14
O O O O O O H H r'7 O .O •D •D.
O O O O O O O O O nl O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Iv
a
0
x
a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o O o oo o m
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O U
PQ co a
H H O H N N N U
0
N
U
U
H
� H
'o v eo m •c v w x
v > > > m
H r4 H H C4 H H b H W b b U
1 IC 1 1 IA 1 N 1 H 1 GI > to I H> > P.
C q 1 b H H H v H 'O
.: y; q •O H 'O ro O 'O a ro b • .v 0] H U tO ro N ro G
v H -U H ro H n o H Is o H 3 V O 'O H H 'O N O o O
> U > H O .i O K• U O a H O > w' >U M > H
to > W .i u A R: A H f. H .D (A > H u t7 •H H A H A
W U C O C A -O w' G J] 'D U 'O .i A ,p U U O C U A U A •ro
ro 0 ro a ro (L ro] ro U ro b a H V O H] a
Iq O V) H (C O t O W J GI H to c7 W H •"] N CI V1 W
.d •-1 .-1 .-1 a H a a o •-I G '•'1 c a ro
CI W CI W W 41 W W W A W L W 4J
>
O u 0 H O •ti O A O H O A O A O G O u 0 > O u 0 > O > O a
O O V V A U A A +i O u O
4l la
V
G V Q R7 W V F^ H ^1 DG a x Z ¢
_g_
1 b I
1
V F U
tm
rlhh
1 u.�
] w
N I
V O W
0
d 1
N ./ .-i
1 H 0 0•
O
•
1 O .i rl
C H H
1 n
r0OO
1
COA
m 1
6
1 m U
14
U
Ei UM
I G.i o.
W
M 1
Y
V 1
O
to 1
Y
I
•
t
>
t
m
1 O
C4
1 G
I ro m a
1 Y G
n
t O M 0 u
•-1
.0
n
li
1 b I
1
V F U
O
10
1
] w
N I
V O W
0
d 1
H H m
> 1
V A H
m I
C H H
a1H
w
1
!
m 1
6
u 1
d
U
> t
W
M 1
Y
V 1
O
to 1
Y
I
1
V 1
A
11'
]
♦C 1
N
1
m 1
m 1
n
F3 t
•-1
.0
n
li
�t
Ci
O
C f
+1
1
N T N
U H G i
r7 •O t
C u u '
w G I
H> A
> m i
W 6 1
aol
q 1
W 1
N
U V I
V �
G
H C 1
b
D m f
u u
aat
mo
�
ul
M
•O
m 1
W
q Y 1
w
x O 1
< H t
1
C
N v 1
q I
TW= 1
b W G 1
� N
N
N
Y H I
d
N W W I
N
'l. 1
•0
�t
•0
M rt Y I
•o O
W N 1
W W m l
G
b 0 G I
o
M V 1
H
H7 q 1
it
0 1
ro
m H 1
V
b H 0 O 1
O
.
C
N H I
O T I
y O > 1
sem- 1
q
O
O
O
10
•O
v
N
kl
�1
O
W
G
6
6
v
w
<
!
d
6
6
d
U
6 cc
C
d1
ri
n
N
•-1
.0
n
li
�t
Ci
O
N
�:
h
Y'
O
N
N
r-1
O
N
M
N
N
r1
�
ul
M
•O
M
�t
N
w
C
� N
N
N
V
d
d
N
N
•0
�t
•0
�t
•o O
m
Y
O
O
O
O
10
•O
v
N
r0
�1
O
O
O
W
b
ri
n
N
•-1
.0
n
h
�t
Ci
O
N
�:
h
Y'
N
N
r-1
.-1
N
M
N
N
r1
.i
ul
M
•O
M
�t
N
ro
m
.
C
-
O
• M
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
o .
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0'
h u u
P
O�
�
O
O
h
N
N
N
.D
Vl
.O
.O•
M
M O
h
h
M
M
h
h
M
M
`"1
O�
M
O•
M
N
m'
.
T u
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
•"1
O
.'1
O
A U
Y
•
b C
O N
b
N W
> M
O
O
O
O
O
b
v
N
•O
�7
O
O
O
00
ti
W
W
N
N
O
O
�
•'i
•?
h
n
M
n
n
b m
D`
•D
.O
N
0.
�
P
' N
•U
M
N
h
O.
�1
O
vl
N
W
t0
•i
.-1
.i
.-1
a\
•-i
O
v
N
N
Y C
C ro
.-1
.-1
O
•-1
M
N
N
•-1
O
v
.'i
h '
N
�t
] N
O
u o
3
T Y
ro
'S Y
.Y
O
O
M -
M
.i
•-/
.i
N
W
r•1
h
.1
n
Ql
N G
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
A
O
O
•ri
o ro
0
•
C
�E H
m m
•
m E3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D
o
o
o
a
rn
-Y
v
v
n
n
O
•�
In
M
v
rn
n
v
r
o ro
.-1
N
O
•-1
N
N
N
r1
O
M
.-/
�t
•-1
M
vi .-1
Y
u 0 o
m V
N
b V
T
V
1
3
1
1
Y H
b
•O
tb
m
b
b
W
ro L
>
>
C
v
>
>
>
u m
C4
1, fA
1
I W
I
m
1
N
I W
> In
I H
>
>
•'i
C
N
m
'O
C
q
1 b
•-I
H
'0
• .X
ro
'O •i
'O N
O
b m
m
•Y
Cl
V
M
W
M N
W
O N
•V H
b .i
r
ro 0
H
ro O
.-1
R
N 0 O
•O H
•-i
H
Tf N
O
0
O
H L
> V
> N
O -..
O
O W
V
O R'
'1
O
> W
> V>
a
a
W G
H
N U
w' ,G
44
I
a
I N
I p
X .0
•-1 0.
.E
X
V
W>
d
C 0 O
C A
b (G
G A
'J V
O vi
q P
V
V O
G
V A
U A
V '•�
N Y
0
U
m O
ro]'
ro M
h]
m U
m U
]
N Y
O
•-1 ]
]
]
N N
.-! h
H
.+ S.
-+ w
.. W
O V]
.. OJ
O
O W
f0
•-1 N
0{+.
ri ^9
m ip
m (A
mcl
•,i
M
N
N
W'
.'i �
a
k:
0
o
.+
G
+1
G
G
p
rl N
.0 w
•^.• W
O w
m W
w
61 w
w
w
P W
A w
O W
A w
U w
O W
7
10
u OO
.a O
p 0
•-i O
A O
A O
G O
Y O
'> O
u 0
> O
> O
V m
O
O
0
U
V
p
U
p
A
+d10
U
O
U
d
rl N
O •
O
U
U
7
U
]
]
m
O
u
O
Y
it
ro t.
. W N
W 7
i. W
i. 2
IO r
x W
m N
14 7
a
(p
1I
d
In
r•i N �/1 I
U .d
N
i>
">-
`i
NHH
0 1
N a H
�
wool
0
t
m u
U
J
J
J
J
N
N
•O
J
W
J
.D
O
(3 H 1
G'M Q\
J
J
N
�ro a I
aw•-�
.
6 I
N
• t
q
> 1
N
a 1
H C
o
N
H
N
O
H
.'1
H
CO
✓1
n
H
n
n
M
" I
u G L'
N
✓1
n
•O
n
o
W
n
W
1
1
O N N
H ra 0,
1`l
N
H
N
't•1
t'1
N
H
'H
h
..
•^1
n
V
N
N
♦.
1
m
1
I
N
1
•O I
O
1
U .0 N
• M
I
N O W
(T
D•
J
J
O
h
N
N
N
b
:/1
.O
c'1
N1 N
i
N N N
V1
Vl
r1
Rl
Ml
Vl
th
CI
rl
D\
fl
O\
t1
N
N
I
g H H
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
r1
O
H
O
A O
O q
1
1
1
H
t
V
H W
•'i 1
u
J
J
•O
.D
O
N
N
N
J
O
J
O
J
J'
,1 .
.
N I
O
O
N
.�
H
O
H
•-i
_H
w
N
n
.�
n
n
'U N
> 1
•H
a`
r+l
n
1'1
J
rn
a 1
1
A
]
N
H
N
N
fh
N
N
.-1
r•1
J
N
• �O
N
J
G ro
] H
d 1
N
O
U O
U 1
T u
> I
N
N t
I
O N
N H
J
J
•O
.O
O
N
N
N
J
O
J
O
V
J
1 m
.N
' I
N w
O
N
H
.i
O
•-i
H
H
W
N
n
H
n
n
H
U 1
CI O
O
a\
<'1
0`
O
N
n
n
[9
�
:n
O
O
O
•V
W I
a I
V u
q
•'1
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
r1
O
H
O
•'i
H G
7 M
'
G
O m
W m I
H ]
u
D w 1
"
O
'q
q
W G 1
V
rl ] 1
m com
1
N 13
w m I
to
H I
'Mb
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
W G 1
MZ
c'1
H
V
. •
H
M
O 1J
M H
N N 1
X
N ]
q t
W
T
N
A ro 1
00
N
b
b
W
N u
:5 z 1
>
N ro l
H
K.
N
M
N.
H
H
b H
ro
b
•O
4
N W u I
I M
1
1 W
I
m
1
11
1 FC
> R7
t %•
>
>
"�
V a H 1
V0
O
'O N
N
m
X
fAH
N
q '�
W N
O M
M - 1
'O H
b H
ro H
N O
N
N O
n]
W v 1
> (]
> H
O M
O f4
U
O (G
H
O
> a
> V
M
>•
,4
p:
W N• 1
H
H N
C4 L
14
1
f✓.
1 N
I A
M
•'1
-L' L
•� a
.X
X
O
ro O = 1
W >
m
m >
m q I
N
U
C O
C A
b x
G A
'O U
'O M
A A
N
V O
C
U A
V A
N M
N1
HN
Hu
NO
ro]'roM
ro]
NU
NN
]
Hu
o
H]
]
q
um
O •i 1
H N
H ;'.
H W
•� cq
O N
H r9
O L
0 w
:k W
H N
N w
W
m W
N N
O H w 1
M
H
H
H
a
•�
K
r4
O
M
C
W
C
C
•'t H
• O H 1
L w
L w
U W
U w
W
N w
w
wA
W
F- W
U w
L w
N w
U w
]
H 6 T 1
u O
u 0
H O
H O
A O
H O
A O
A O
C O
u 0
> O
u 0
> O
> O
U m
G7 H u 1
O
O
V
U
A
V
A
A
M
O
N
O
N
U
r1 •�
A C I
O
O
U
U
]
U
]
]
N
O
U
O
u
u
N L
m % O 1
i K
N O V I
e
y
a,W
w
v
x
H
•-,
x
a
x
z
zuc 1
m
-10-
.�`
i
>>
.� In In
•
•-1 rn a 1
u a .i
N
N H H 1
N
o t
o
b O O 1
N u
*'
ODNN i
U H Vl
LO
J
•O
�
.0 •-1 1
N 7 s
u N N l
y
u
d I
• 1
v
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
v
94 1
U G F-
q
H
J
J
OD
O
O\
W
M
O
N
•-i
ri
N
1
O ro ^)
H
N
M
•
M
N
H
N
•O
M
W
�?
C/1
u
b
1
H rl n
N
N
t
,
In
1
q
1
to W •.t
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O +�
I
N O W
rn
T
J
J
O
ul
N
N
N
.O
vt
.O
rn
M
M- Cl
'
1
N N N
Vl
Vl
M
M
N
Vl
M
M.
M
LA
M
T
M
N
N
t
U.G N
T N
1
G H H
1
H
b C
1
u H
1
'V
1
H w
U
O
O
0,0
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
H
01 1
1
N
b
N
•-1
M
J
M
vl
O
O
J
•-1
n
T
�
M
<V
H
N
4l
N
n
N
J
N
H
U 1
a
N
r-1
H
N
N
O
O O
1
5
N t
> t+
�
U :I
ro
N I
•-1
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
1 ro
Ot t
m
N M
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
H
.
t0 1
U O
vl
.D
•-t
'n
sa:
P
N
N
.D
M
.D
M
r -i
�
b
V t
U u
O
O
O
•"I
.'1
O
N
r-1
N
a0
r1 1 1
C H
•-1
O
O
O
O
11
> I
G
H
3
C 1
d p
u W O I
O
O
O
O
O
H b
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
H H N I
N
4`
v
V
J
J
n
n
O
H
•--I
D`
v
N
CO
" A
b> ro l
U
c0
O
O
O
tU
M
J
D\
n
J
O W 1
N U
•-1
.•t
W
O b
O W= 1
H:
N
H
O
M
H
J
•�
M
H ri
•'I
O
r1
N
N
u a
C I
W
u 0
C n ro 1
u U
1
sa
n 1
•� ro
I N 1
T
u
n
1+
L:
TW C 1
b
N
M
U
.O
b
W
N u
b W N 1
"L
>
b
>
G
b
>
>
>
N N
a .7 1
a
LG
N
b •-1
ro
N
b
P..-1
N W •-1 I
i q
l
I q
1
m
1
~
I q
> q
I N
>
ro
O
10 ro
ro
ro
?'
q H
O
MO
MC
O H
•O
N
ro O
.-/
;s
N O
b N
.-1
'O N
O
O
N u
H .-i O 1
b N
> U
•-1
> H
N •-1
O H
N O
0 04
U
D P:
"1
O
> a
> U
H
>
R:
tN'
W C
W H I
C4 A
a
I
CG
I U
I A
H
O
q>
q .a
u
A
C4
A
•-1
a
N A
q>
N u
q H
N A
N A
b T!
ro O v 1
V O
a
U A
UA
urt
'
u
H u
.-1 U
N O
ro
N P.
'6 7
ro U
N N
7
N u
O
1..1 = 1
O C 1
ro
H O
H ?;
.� W
.-, q
O N
ti q
O
O Pi
;t q
.-1 y
N W
•-/ •�
m q
N q -
N
N H N I
U
H
H
�I
•-1
w
.-I
I1:
W
P'
W
. O
4•
W
CI W
t W
W
W
•10
'�
4M1 H �'I I
O
.0 W
t W
U W
U W
W
N W
A
.C.
u 0
> O
u 0
> O
>
>
> O
U ,n
H 6 M I
r7
u 0
u 0
•-1 O
'1 0
A O
.-� O
A O
A O
C"O
U
'O
U
U
•� TI
W H 1
O
O
U
U
.D
V
A
+,
O
:: W
q to
q.J
w' W
W T
to W
fL In
y .t
N W
U H
N p, u l
W N
fa• .'�.
:i. W
7: 3
q .�.
' ,OS•H 1
a s
y 0 U 1
P•
(>
H
ti
X
e7
3:
<
•
q'
U
A
W
•'L'
^u-
I �•
1
Q
1
U H
m
U
.nn 1
N C1P
Q
6
W
q
¢
H
N H H t
N
H
o I
y
• 1
w
!
C +i a
�Y
,t
N
�7
..
•Q
Q
N
�4
�O
d
o�
�p
.o
0
G u,+ l
amH
al H H 1
,O
N
O I
ro O ro
H
q
vl
H
N
.t
V
n
N
n
O
O
q
p
[4 1
u C 6
J
vt
n
n
q
.-/
O
P
1
oro u
1
a
1
1'
'
m
i
b t
C
O
O
Ou
1
N N a
N
M
M
M
vl
Vf
M
M`
M
P
M
P
M
N
N
1V
.0 H
TN
1
CHH
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
H
O
H
O
A d
> 1
0 1
H
b
HW
N I
O
> 1
L
6! 1
N
O
n I
UO
I
V I
TFQ
TN
I I
u
m 1
o C
d 1
U ro
M
ul
n
M
q
N
ul
ul
P
O
�i
O
H
P
'C
_ G 1
H �.1
.D
W
✓1
P
J
Vl
,D
'J
M
rl
'-I
.D
N
y I
U TP.
HC
a m I
C
H
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
H
N
H
N
H
H
W I
H M
0 -0
O m
m
ro i
U
Fu
w 1
x r
•C b 1
aro
u w C 1
0o
uG
,i V a i
CK
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
W
H H G I
H'C
O
p
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
d
o K q 1
U u) a 1
X
H
H
O
."!
N
N
N
H
O
M
H
�1
H
M
M•�
r. I
w
uo
O ff a l
d u
Q Q 1
H
H I
Y
1 in a 1
.0
b o
q a, !
T W o 1
1
1
!
x H
b W H I
b
'U
bo
U
b
b
W
ro u
F
'o
>
>
>
wm
i, v 1
H
Pi
H
N
Pi
M
H
' H
a
N
'O
p,
VI W 1
I q
I
I q
1
m
1
N
I q
> q
I H
>
>
.�
C
b
m
b
C
q
1 b
.H
H
Hb
H'o
r0
b ro
ro
ro
x
MH
d
MM
MM
0H
,1 a ro l
b N
b H
a H
a 0
H
ro 0
H
;t
U O
b N
H
b N
O
O
H u
W H t
> U
> H
D ,1
O W
U
O �.
H
O
> W
> U
U
LG x
4.'
C1H
u
L
[4'
A
H
C
N A
q>
H u
q.H
NL
HA
bb
U
C O
C A
b a'
C A
b U
H 'l.ul
u
HH
HU
00
ro]
roW
ro]
roV
ah
O
Hu
O
HJ
>
>
um
q
O N
H q
D S_
O
Cl H 7 1
U
,4
M
H
H
(Y.
H ,.
CL
t.
O
'O H O I
O
Lw
Lw
U W
Uw
w
u W
w
w
.pw
.Cw
Uw
Lw
yw
uw
y
rl < U I
a
u 0
u 0
H O
H O
A O
H O
A O
A O
C O.
u O'
: O
u 0
> O
> O
U m
y H 1
O
O
U
U
L
U
L
A
M
O
y
O
U
a T l
O
O
U
u
7
U
7
7
ro
O
u
O
u
u
aF
Z
L W
is Dt
m 'J.
% W
q (n
W 'L
tC ut
W ;G
y W
W N
vl
to k]
UH
m X I
U O U 1
3 U- 1
a
m
y
q
w
w,
v
x
H
ti
.n
I ' N ••J
v 6
n t
6
H 1
6 -
1
1
U
> 1
>
w
m 1
1
GI
al
I
Vi
1
N
d 1
N
U 1
M
N 1
N
>
0
H 1
N I
•
0
0
V I
o
1 I
m I
I
a m I
W o I
F I
w ] 1
a w I
O
O
O
u w N I
co)
rn
T
Y• H= I
v
O7 V I
N
o I
N
Wr.
o w N I
W
•O
U W fc 1
•O
U I
M
G A A 1
vJ
0 7 1
M
q 6 u I
N
G I
M'
1 N N I
M
qal
C'1
T ca I
M
v w •-1 I
T
] l N I
u ++ I
m w o I
U Q= I
w' I
H N I
0
F' H
0.
0
0
O H I
v F• r
to H G I
� H I
u n• X
m r. N
•
uoX:
S V =
v 6
1
W
6
1
C1
6 -
<
1
U
t
w
6
1
GI
6
I
Vi
�T
N
•-1
N
M
M
M
N
M
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
to
W
O
,.J
m
o
rn
N
n
rn
N
n
rn
V
n
m
N
rn
M
•O
•D
N
d
•D
H
b
w
O
V
m
trl
J
O
w
•O
m
m
N
O �?
m �
. O •-1
�T
N
•-1
N
M
M
M
N
M
0
0
0
0
•� FS V q W W V W .
-1.2A-
0
0
0
0
0
o
a
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
to
O
O
O
O
O
co)
rn
T
�'
v
O
N
N
N
N
•O
V1
•O
O•
M
vJ
vJ
M
-1
N
•f.
M'
M
M
O.
C'1
O\
M
N
T
0
0
0.
0
0
0
W
M
i
H
m
m
N
N
^Y
N
.O
•O
•p
V
O
O
•S
b
O
O
n
n
n
rn
W
•O
m
m
w
m
m
vl
pJ
M
M
rn
n
•A
V
n
t•1
ul
M
•D
vl
M
n
O•
w
n
V
M
N
•O
m
U
M
N
ri
N
M
N
N
rl
N
•O
M
rn
41•1
V1
0
O
p
T
U
3
m
m
N
N
V
N
•O
•O
•O
V
O
O
O
V
1
• O
O
n
n
n
rn
b
.O
m
m
m
?�
m
in
rl
V
-J
n
•-1
v1
•D
m
m
rn
e-1
m
M
w
v
+
r
N
H
O
•"1
O
O
O
O
•-1
M
.1
�?
H
N
7
p
x
a
•
N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
a
p.
�'
v
.t
V
n
n
n
�I
H
O•
.1
m
m
.-1
ri
m
v
m
O
O
O
m
n
V
rn
n
V
G
•
o
.-1
O
H
N
N
N
•-1
•
U
u
UI
H
+-1
d
1
w
>
.0
m
m
v
v
to
ri
b
>
G
•O
>
>
>
N
GI
H
b N
H
b
b
P•
I in
r
•v
G
1'q
H
Nm
3
N
m N
GI
O
• H
•V H
N rl
OO
N
H
N O
.i
Z
O
'U H
H
9
O
O
H
>c>
>
>-+
o-I
oc>:
v
o n:
.J
o
>a
>
>U
-.1
>
•w
•a
w
•-J •
O
P: L
44
1
fL
1 O
1 P
.-J -
x L
H P.
.Y.
.Y
m >
w m •1
aJ
P
G'
P
H
C
w
H P
61 >
N V
RI +J
H P
Yi P
b
O
C7
C O
CP
'O R:
C P
'O U
b++
AP
U
U O
C
U P
U P
N
]::
.J W
rt w
O N
H GI
O.}�
O O
N
W
L W
U W
41 W
W
C! W
W
W
P W
r W
N LL•
L W
N
JJ O
N O
.-J O
r1 0
P U
H O
P O
P O
G O
V O
> O
V O
> O
> > O
U
O
O
V
V
P
V
P
P
+'1
O
u
O
u
p
p
U
U
]
U
]
]
N
O
V
O
V
U
N
W to
W:..
S•41
w. :3
q:..
SW
GIN
W Z
a W
W:.
N W
W to
N2
N W
V
•� FS V q W W V W .
-1.2A-
0
U
19
I
Vest Side Traffic Study
LANE NEEDS AND SERVICE LEVEL
Summary
f
AL/jk 86,02.1.1.
Apr. -IO, 1975
_____________________________________________
Location
No
L.
Dev.
S.L.
Vc ry
L.
Low
S.L.
__________________________
County
L. S.L.
City
L. S.L.
City/Co .i
L. S.L.
North-South Streets:
Foothill Blvd,
S.of Junip.Serra Fwy.
L
4
F
6
C
8
B
8
B -C
8
C
Foothill Blvd.
N.of Stev.Crk.Blvd.
J
4
C -D
6
A -B
'6
B -C
6
B -C
6
C
Foothill Blvd.
S.of Stev.Crk.Blvd.
A
2
A -B
4
A
4
A
4
A
4
A -B
Foothill Blvd.
N.of McClellan Rd.
B
2
A -B
2
A -B
4
A
4
A
4
A
Bubb Road
N.of SPRR Crossing
E
4
A
4
B
'4
B
4
B
4
B
Bubb Road
$.of McClellan Rd.
C
2
D
4*
A
4*
A
4*
A
4*
A
Bubb Road
N.of Rainbow Drive
N
2
A
.2
A
2
A -B
2
B
2
B -C
Last -West Streets:
Stevens Creel: Blvd.
E.of Bubb Rond
N
4
B
6
A
6
A
6
A -B
6
A -B
'Stevens Creek Blvd.
W. of Bubb Road
H
4
A
4
A -B
4
B -C
4
C
16
A
Stevens Creek Blvd.
E.of Foothill Blvd.
R
2
F
4
A
4
B
4
B
4
B -CI
1lcClellan Road
E.of Bubb Road
F
2
E
4
A
4
A
4
A
4
A
McClellan Road
W.of Bubb Road
D
2
A -B
2
C
4
A
4
A
4
A
H cClellan Road
E.of Foothill Blvd.
C
2
.A
2
A
2
A -B
2
A
2
A -B
Rainbow Drive
E.of Bubb Road
I
2
A
2
A
2
B
4
A
4
A
L. - Lanes) S.L. - Service Level Ins.Urb.Serv.A. Duts,Urb.Serv.A_
No Dev. a "No New Development Plan":
Very Low - "Very Low Density Plan": 0-2-0 DU/ac 0.05-0 DU/ac
County a "County Plan". 1.0-0.2 " 0.4 -0.1. "
City o "City Plan": 4.4-0 " 0.2 -0 "
City/Co. - "Combined City/County Plan": 4.4-0 " 0.4 -0.1 "
R This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter-
sections are widened to four lanes.
_13-
0
o I_
I
(r^ Rest Side Traffic Study hLpr 16,021.1
A
LANE NEEDS -AND SERVICE LEVEL Apr. 10, 1975
111 e,�m., ry with no development on Church and Seven Springs properties
____________________________________________
Location
170
L.
Dev.
S.L.
Very
L.
Low
S.L.
County
L. S.L.
City
L. S.L.
City/Co.
L. S.L.
North-South Streets:
No Dev. -
,No New 1evelopment Plan":
D
6•
very Low -
"Very Low Density Plan,':
Foothill Blvd.
S.of Junip.Serra Fwy.
L
4
F
6
C
o
City . -
"City Plan": -
4.4-0 "
0.2
Foothill Blvd.
,.
City/Co. -
"Co mD Sncd City/County Plan":
6
A -B
6
B -C
6
B -C
6
B -C
N.of Stev.Crk.Bivd.
J
4
C -D
_
Foothill Blvd.
4
A
4
A
4
A -B
'S.of Stcv.Crk.Blvd.
A
2
A -B
4
A
Foothill Blvd.
4'
A
4
A,
4
A
N.of 11cCiellan Rd.
B
2
A -B
2
A. -B
Bubb Road
A
4
4
.B
4
B
4.
g
N.of SPRIt Crossing
E
4
.IS
..
Bubb road
D
4*
A
4*
A
4*
A
4*
A
S.of 11cClellan Rd.
C
2
Bubb Road
2
A.
2
A
2
A -B
2
'.A
2
A_B
_
N.of Rainbow Drive
H
East -Nest Streets:
Stevens Creek Blvd.•
-
6
A
6
-:A'
6
,A
E.of Bubb Road
h
4
B
6
A
Stevanc Cruel, Ll.vd.
4
A -B
' 4,
B -C
4
B -C
4
B -C
N, bf Bubb Road
M
4
A.
Stevens Crack Blvd.
4
A
4
�,-It
4
A -H
4
ll
E.ofFoothill J:lvd.
K
2
F
_
McClellan Road
4
A
4
A
4
A
E.of Bubb Road
F
2
E
4
A
McClellan Road4
4
A
4
A
A
R.of Bubb Road
D
2
A -B2
C
McClellan Road
A
2
A -B
2
A
y
A_g
E.of'Foothill Blvd.
C
2
.A
2.
Rainbow Drive
2
A
2
A
2
A
�.
A
B.of Bubb Poad
1
2
A
* This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter-
sections are widened to four lanes.
( Underlined Lanes or Service Level - changes from page 17.
\iv -14_
lns.Urb,Sarv.A.
Outs.Urb.Scry.A.!
�L. - Lanes;
S.L. - Service Level
No Dev. -
,No New 1evelopment Plan":
very Low -
"Very Low Density Plan,':
0.2-0 DU/ac
0.05-0 DU/ac
"
County
"County Flan":
1.0-0.2
0.4
-0.1
City . -
"City Plan": -
4.4-0 "
0.2
-0
,.
City/Co. -
"Co mD Sncd City/County Plan":
4.4-0 "
0.4
-0.1
* This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter-
sections are widened to four lanes.
( Underlined Lanes or Service Level - changes from page 17.
\iv -14_
.% JJ'(•• , U•� aL� L..._ � �.+� ��,''�.' - _ AL/MC 86,021.1
I.Aftil 24, 1975
5 83 � c9�a t• ,l{,,`� 2000'
r .
3.23 �`'` N-3.78
- 4.5B..., K - 2.91 © [} _ A "A4 - B
tiA-1.78
f�`f -
{
2- A -B
x.62
sl• _ w B- 1.73
.:_
118 a 4- A� 2 E
-,. C
�2- A -B
{w rs Lav Ba'b'r ltia ra a rae ©rrs eaa ma as ®®ems ��1 2- A'�n_, z r r a n� e� t r saves,i
Ir
cznrK
D- 1.79 ..
G 2.41
OW
b` C � f13 �i `�, t/` A.``•��O H� upQ ^ / P�3 •_ y�y\ 1 �. -
��'\\ '; „ g > �`'.` �''• ) N _ 1.34
.. tI M.`l . T
°°° _ �, = v, `� w� �. i � ' '', i - ' •�; T - 1.16 �' ,
' .T of \;�'1• _pQ S'i�� ..2-,A.::
� (..
``� - ,1/ � c' '• r-� � ,,.; -:j� 1. •_ ,I, "(�-�^ - 1
�• v'!V . ^!7 ��� /� City of Cupertino Planning Department
7-- WEST SIDE•'. TKAFFIC STUDY
No New Dcvclopment Plan
J ,
_rL ! a /� �\ ` A\((Location) - (Total Lnnr. Demand)
4 r:
p, *r ' � �' � {,�'}: �' 1•: )Jn [} .} r' (ProI09CCl ;.1C$) (Service Level)
AL/MC 8116,021.1
,April 24, 1975
1" 2000'
3.5 9 N - 4.48
raw c=, K-3.21 ��. �_ 5.10 0 4- 6� 6--
F---
.� •% IIl'S.¢4 CMR
E7.,) F4
• •D . , ' , : %.' " @ ' f � ....� t>a P'.'1 is'a roe �--+ a -a `''- +4 rag r.>.,v.'`^"`"`ss�•. � t 1
[15
4- A + �p� E-3.69
a�✓
F - 2.74
c_ 1.20 © 4- B
D- 2.16
'Y�• /� r - __t \ 1� •'may..°�� ' J ;�1• � 4- A
epe
�»,.
tN - <: s 9.. �� I-1.28
�'•-f ♦ — _ 111\ S 4... .. .2'
i
G
v
4
Y
City of Cupertino Planning Dupartnem
FTES'T SIDE TP IMC STUDY
Very Low Density
(Location) - (Total Lnnc Demnod)
' g
• jPYoiin ,ed -Lancs) -_ �Servl.x l.c'va I.
' aL/ric 86,021.1
1915
::. \ �� L -7.50 p • a..; ="2000
v.
��O �- 4.08-.. , N-5.02
-5.9a K-3.70 -4 - B -C "6- A
ILIpP E e sysj� ii r rt Ir,rs
t; �,A.� °'+ F���/j._.x.� �-� —• �.A I l.-"' i {1�, A-3.28 _� �`� � C� _
_�y��_,.4_q a E=3:74 C F- 3. Oa
r , D .r- •" . B - 2.52 ['.
_ - moi` B-
��e�;: , . _ - C- 1.71 4- B 4- A
-asst, ase l...� rsa e;J r,�rs"ra tr.�•4�s'3c �rr� cr 1�-f A- B "'a
��y,� sA /� .•'�- / (� ''l.' "} � �- 2.67
+.
4 A
I �'^b_ 1 r.. _.�__x—. �l - ♦ t� fd
6VO
I�fly'%4.
_'
H- 1.79
�`,'. 2
coc
.:ti � �• �t ; �� �-.--` �'�� 'N�
j 1
,r
14
v �
l ` �__ _ >r1. �� Q�j _ ,-r_: City of Cupertino Planning Departmen
WEST SIDE TRAFFIC STUDY
County Plan
Y" - 1 f1 '• (Locations - (Total Lnne. Dcm,-nd)
Yi -
tF v iry � '•' � (Proposed Lanes) - (Serv{.ce. Laval)
N� • l �' � �'�. .i 'l � I ,'Lan.: A. \n•n:n j� •�`' _ n "`- _ � � _ _ .
AL/MC 86,021.1 .
f dpril 24,-1975
2000'
-
�, Q
4?-JB
ivy - 4.18 5.2
Q -
6.00 -K-3.80 �� 4 C _A B
. �: V �G
Ct� �� tt %1 > Y Yr'i r-� r ] t -w (� '�rG .•a+Y" ` i^�"'
,�—�'h7�,�"�'�'e-.f .� 1 _ ' . r La• i li A -?_.83 4Q � v(�� _
-._ �•4- A 1 : 6 E-3.82 --
2.19 ,tl- i.49 0 (j F-
3.01
0 4 -. B. 4 A
I1 C
r ?-� rn v.!a rev n en P �w c -n �: ^'.•��'
•3 C3T :� e9f'1.T.i t"+>^ C3133 FEZC9 Q td CZS•l�i�-CC 6R3'}ST.'A cI<b 1 �.iy"+� '°""'.Yr a:'1 :a. e -u.
Li
'� i jAtl' t� r.r=✓--'�y r � �lll �. f..�"� ri
-2.45
kA
4 - A,
-2.91
�- ti- A
�<`.1.84
'.�.y-- �] �` t -� _ f -- �71� C'1] UCS Li4'4!S'6-3tffi'tCY1•Fl�i•nS'L39 LT,a l.i
T'3
ax �_ }`~' Z� �4iji ` i�?- �\ "! 1-2.39 [G
•t. � 2�i';L%�._< <�. �, �,,Q"___ �,i 1 � a .� �• it �'��'� "rn` \ �l
� E f .. .' •I t -\� . � � ...r�" �: ��r�.i-s•!a_.[-� 1.�:-�aC J i� � .'i':-� 1116 :.�.
�. \' �., j ��� ✓ f'� •' City of Cupertino Planning Depar.t..cu
/� f1
WEST SIDE '1'RAFPIC STUDY
.FYI-^`... �I i/ -•.'—.I �L
City Plan
�/��• • �.: i oc•ltion(Totnl Lane Dcmmnd)
1�+ y }:.{-g\yr (Proposed L:ules) — (Service Level.)
j
-i`. �' - '.1'. ' f i .1{• nY{nna
+`•' - - .•,1 fi ` r Jna\. X41 � } �' V .:� �`,
IP
v / �. �Cv'l'a •c�i,om cuttitp`-�'�'It+• oa csa' . _.
86,021.1
tN 1 P April 24, 1975
., � .. ��- 8.51 � , �.'sa 1. � .
�f 8,- C ® _. T' =.2000'
15�1
123
r,
4.39 5.41
6.3B. -t K-4 01 :._ 6 A7 AC B
s �.r t( . .. �' r��r" �`3�-�+0' � ,.>, ti -•v r-� Ir -1 i^� `v c.: -v < .y'"• .
A-3 42
t4- A -B F - 3.82 —
= �- 3.14
3 2.59 176 _© P" 4 - B 4 - A
n s „ti 4- A --
c f� t�? e. -'t r --v r r -A n r -s Y --- r•^ F�.
caa ma e:�o-ra�t':s-r,�f aas't^� r -a
y-a�./,a,•% ~./a+~. S' r�;_` ci'- J `fir.._-'y"Y'k�-2_r'2..
u�l . 4 A _
0"4
7, H 191
Ell
_.
/y C r`
z,�, � = ;=��� 1 (%L� L,� S';�I+y •`' f, ,, � %� T- 2...52 C�
T tt.
u
-'.:17c}�.l ` � ,` • i "` q,yp•^�' `/J. S�v�_�.
\ � 1 • , ~� !� P�` 6Y !. -t`Y \7 <...'-_"}LL �\-II tiJ �,L�� 1 � 1.11I1.0�.1
`! �+ 1�"._Cit of Cupertino tino Pl vi..lt. T)L),1 tGlCnl
% 11ES1' Slllli TRAFFIC STUDY & I
\' +t � � (.'r \� ` � o�°.•, .� r�� 1`.. rCity-Couney Plan
iPotal T nnc I em;md) _
v v U. N (Yroposcd lanes) - (Service Lcvel)
_ f\
.i�i � � 1 1 r � = = r �• T �f.
•1 ® , 1 ti Y i '
�\ �.za
ALAIC 86,021.1
May 12, 1975
-10.24 ®�� 1
11 2000'
2000'
• eN.- tl. / J J �j[�j(jjjL�' 10 - B -C
�.. - ®'.!- 5.04 -.• C N_- 6.12
J-740 �a K-466# _ Yq
�6 A �r..1./_�6-'C
.n c' -+c a �� c"Y Es.�.�-'.:.+.a.-
6 I .\ 1 ♦-O I ''t f,f.. '�Z'`. ` 1 t: I;Td rn r, i. '1'_ 1 'i t':, C° -.i'- f1 \ '1 `.�
,
,�; �. n.�.� moi; ���`S.r, � ;--. •: ;�-- .. ;� i ti
A- 4.18
-n
2.92 C-1.98 0 Q -C )�' i--3.31
-.. �4 - A
s � ra•evl,sa'® Y.n,� ica um'ra �eru ��at ez-t �i 1�2�B-C . �{;_
t
rt n ..1 . �,.� � -1 � ,, , � Y ,.,. j,3.. � ✓ D - 2.94
co
A ,
ly
4 �l `moi ` � , \ } ,�. J [ - �. y f �7i ["E1,C39 179 Q0"tc@ CCi 4TY C:!`LtL-IA�'f.X.^] til Pii •: � .. •""�` -:
• -Iti- t \ v Y V' 1♦ 1{{ddd,,, Ny L,1 C�1 vim, (:.i t
1 p ♦ ..� I- 3.06
h \ LLL p _ `v-• L w/. - l ( _' } "�Ira
t��� }i City of Cupcrtino Yl.innleg lleparLn:cli
^ CI
WEST SID TI AI FIC STUDY
Maximum Plan
P
f �j'' ~`•� N'�, P' O.ocation) - Totza 1,nnc Dcmnnd)
(Proposed Leics) - (Service. Level)
v I, 2 .directions)
.r
2147 JUDAH STREET
SAN FRANCISCO. CA 94122
D. K. rOODRICH
CONSULTING ENGINEER
TRANSPORTATION Ano TRAFFIC
/HONE
1415, 6654646
April 22, 1975
•I '.1.
Mr. James H. Sisk
Director u!r
City of Cupertino
Planning & Development
10300 Torre Avenue
Cuper Uno, California 95014•
Dear Nr. Sisk:
Enclosed is a copy of the "Traffic Report, Hill Area General
Plan Study." I have tried 'to keep it concise. If in so
doing I have deleted material you find important, please
let me know.
0
0
DKG:mm
Encl.
,� ,.cere�y yours, 0
D. K. Goodrich
Consulting 'Engineer
Transportation and Traffic
cel mr. Bert Viskovich
Director of Public Works
0
I•
19
TRAFFIC REPORT
HILL AREA GENERAL PLAPT STUDY
Pre-redfor.
The'Ci.y of Cupertino
],0300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014
Pr__-L-ar by •
D. K. Goodrich
Consultin,; Engineer
Transportation and
Traffic.
April 1975
DKG
DKG
• The purpose of this report is to provide traffic and
transit information to assist the City of Cupertino in planning
residential densities and roads for the west Side and Hill Areas.
The methods used in this transportation study are based on work
conducted in 1973 for the core area:
In this report, traffic volumes are projected to the
year 1995 for the Hill Area Land Use Plan indicated as "City Plan"
on staff documents. Additionally, a method is provided so that
the City.may study traffic impacts of alternatives.
Table -1 depicts traffic lane- needs projected by the study
for roads west of Stelling Road.* In this' table, the "Demand"
column shows the traffic projection. (in fractions of lanes), the
"Build" column shows the number of lanes needed to service the .
demand, and the "Service Level" column expresses the freedom of
traffic flo%•.I (Service Level is defined in 'fable 5). Table 2
presents this information separately for Stelling Road.**
•Table 1 also shows the number of lanes needed (in frac-
tions): to carry "existing" traffic; to carry traffic that would
be generated by building out the Hill Area Plan to "holding capa-
city"; and the number needed to carry"through-traffic" increases
anticipated to the year 1995.
Table 8 presents a tool for estimating lane needs changes
due tochanges in dwelling units. The table shows the fractional
change in traffic lane demand at any of fourteen road locations
due -to 100 neer dwelling units at any of eight zones.*** with -this
table, city staff has estimated the impact of a "County Plan", a
"Very Loti•r Density Plan", a "No New Development Plan" and a "City
County Plan..***
See Table 3 for description of road locations.
#* Stelling Road traffic (and traffic in the core area) was
• found to be .little affected by -nest side residential density
variations. For that reason, Stellin.- Road was not included
in.Table 1.
#� See 'fable 4 for identification of zones.
#** See staff reports
DKG
E%
In the tabulated information it is assumed that:
• , The Route 85 Freeway will be extended through
San Jose (shamed in Alternate 1 below).
0
e There will be a bridge over Route 280 at Mary
.Avenue.
McClellan Road will be restricted to a two-
lane, winding road.
Bubb Road, south of f;cClellan Road, will be
restricted to two lanes and it will end at
Rainbow Drive.
The current per capita usage rate of transit
will continue and
There will be access -to the church property
Prow Stevens Creek Boulevard and Foothill
-Boulevard. '
The implications of three alternative assumptions have
also been investigated:
Alternative 1 - Route 85 will no extend through San
.Jo se. Instead it will be continued southerly as a parkway to
Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road where it will -terminate. There will be
an intersection at McClellan Road and another at Stelling Road
and the parkway..
Termination of Freeway Route 85 at Saratoga-
Sunnyvale Road rather than extension through
San Jose will increase projected traffic volumes
-on Freeway Route 280 and on Stevens Creek.Boule-
vard. As found in the core area traffic studies,
the higher volumes on Route 280 will cause over-
spill of freeway traffic to a number of core
area streets. However, Route 85 termination
at Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road will have little adverse
impact on Stelling Road and west Side streets.
• By extending the route to Saratoga -Sunnyvale
VKG
3
Road as a parkway rather than a freeway, it will
• be possible to have intersections at McClellan
and Stelling Roads. These intersections will al-
low more direct access to the Nest Side areas,
particularly to and from the north. ?,'or that
reason, and because the parkway will attract
touch of the traffic now using Stevens Creek
Boulevard (viest of Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road) and
Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road (south of Stevens Creek
Boulevard), the City should seek early extension
of 'the parkway. Projections indicate a six -lane .
demand by the year 1995= Later,,it could be
further extended into Sari Jose.
Alternate 2 - Extend Bubb Road southerly from Painbow
Drive to Prospect Road.
Traffic projections indicate that Bubb Road south
of McClellan Road will. be congested if its capa-
• �S_ty remains at two lanes. Even without the ex-
tension to Prospect Road, Bubb`s intersections
will need widening to four lanes at McClellan
Road and possibly at Columbus Avenue (See Table 1).
Extension of Bubb Road to Prospect Road will en-
`courage'its usage as a through route by Prospect
Road traffic that originates east of -the. Southern
Pacific Railroad. To restrict traffic demand on
Bubb Road (south of McClellan) to the capacity of
a two-lane street, Prospect Road should be con-
nected to Rainbow Drive opposite weymcuth Drive.
A two-lane street at that location can provide
access to land between Rainbow and Prospect west
of the railroad.
-Alternative 3 - Provide access to the church property
from a third access point to/from the west. This third access
would be through the Los Altos Hills -Los Altos area onto the
Magdalena interchange on Route 2£30.
DKG
4
• From Table,6A it can be.seen•that development of
the church properties will add an estimated 1.56*
lanes of traffic to Foothill Boulevard just south .
of Route 280. If westerly access viere available,
some of this traffic would be diverted from Foot-
hill Boulevard. However, there would be other
traffic from Los Altos and Los Altos 'tills that
would then use Foothill Boulevard to travel.to/
from the north, east and south. V.1hile there is
too little data to calculate the exact effect,
it is' estimated that, in total, the westerly
access route would reduce projected traffic on
Foothill Boulevard south of 280 by about one-
fourth traffic lauze. In that case, the pro-
jeoted demand would be 8,08 lanes as compared
to the 8.33 projected at this location (L).
• Two-way daily traffic volumes will equal about 7,000 ve-
hicles per :tans of calculated demand. Thus, 8.33 traffic lanes
is equivalent to 58,000 two-way vehicles per day. Projected lane
demands are based on the assumption that the future per capita
usage rate of transit will be the same as today's, ':chile there
is existing dial -a -rich service provided by the county transit
district, indications are that the service may be discontinued,.
at least for .the short range. For the long range, the county
has prepared a plan for fixed route transit services that would
be fed by dial -a -ride, Because of high subsidy costs and because
the bulk, of suburban residents do not use transit when given a
choice, extreme measures such as long term gasoline rationin
that would limit usage of small, high mileage cars will be neces-
sary to produce a significant reduction in projected West Side
auto traffic If such rationing were 11-o occur, work trips would
be most affected. As work trips are made during the peak period
Location L: 0.90 lanes are added from zone 7 and 0.66 from zone 8
nxc
• of traffic flog, their diversion .to transit would reduce the
number of traffic lanes needed. Under these special conditions,
today'a Iraffic lanes could be adequate for the future. In that
ease, dial -a -ride feeders would probably not be used because fixed
route feeder bus services are more cost effective at high usaE;e
levels.
I•
1-0
m
d PQ v GA U `t
rn a)
.iC(2
`d N
N N N N N \D CO .j• \O
LA
VliUb
rnrl C)�
ci 1-1 t`l D\ D\ O O c'1 CD O
id OJ rr 0 CO O : OJ i`l O N v-1 N
0
N N N a -i N h'1 n N .-1 N Cp vl
[� t
to
H
H
N E..^,•�
4
.3•
-=i' O V\ N N N \D Vl �o O\ r,l
C) ::5 4-i
d
Cl
V
O f O4i
i -A
Ch
O
z
.
H
a> H H c
0
N
.14
tR
A
d
rUi
W
• ,O
u
,rl
1
U_
•r,
C)
C)
iX:
m
d PQ v GA U `t
rn a)
.iC(2
`d N
N N N N N \D CO .j• \O
LA
VliUb
rnrl C)�
ci 1-1 t`l D\ D\ O O c'1 CD O
id OJ rr 0 CO O : OJ i`l O N v-1 N
0
N N N a -i N h'1 n N .-1 N Cp vl
[� t
m'O+�
d r-1 •ri Vl V1 c -i c0 ON N N �o n Vr n .-1 O\
U O U O =i' t'1 ;f n Vl Vl N L` O\ N O.
�, �. CZ' . . . . • o • • . a e • a
U p r -I O O O O O O O 1-1 a-1 O N
0 O
H 4- 0
.rt 'A � co � -j' Cl -0 Ll -0 O .-i .•-i O CO CO
I -i
.rl e7 .-i .-i O ri N N N .-1 O (''l .-i -4
w zt
,04 H y JG a 7
td t) .
O •
as
DDG
to
N E..^,•�
rn D\
.3•
-=i' O V\ N N N \D Vl �o O\ r,l
C) ::5 4-i
V1 Vl
Cl
n Vl Vl rl n n ON C' \ O\ t•1 N .
O f O4i
i -A
O O
O
O O O O O O O r -i O s q O
U
a> H H c
N
m'O+�
d r-1 •ri Vl V1 c -i c0 ON N N �o n Vr n .-1 O\
U O U O =i' t'1 ;f n Vl Vl N L` O\ N O.
�, �. CZ' . . . . • o • • . a e • a
U p r -I O O O O O O O 1-1 a-1 O N
0 O
H 4- 0
.rt 'A � co � -j' Cl -0 Ll -0 O .-i .•-i O CO CO
I -i
.rl e7 .-i .-i O ri N N N .-1 O (''l .-i -4
w zt
,04 H y JG a 7
td t) .
O •
as
DDG
to
O
n -i
4�
U
N
N
Si
d
,rl
w
•r,
C)
C)
O
Id
co
O
CO
•1i
U
p
2S
N
`d
N
tl
.O
d
O
a
,I
14
f
:
W
Ulj
O
O
U
to
to
�
O
N
CJ
i
Nr♦
a�
xp
aha
O
U
i
r1
EJ
4 i
C7
.
pp)
•'
4-i
O
a)
N Z,
•ri
L.
td C)
N
tl
ri id •ri
d)
di
ma,
•:
f,
0 p,
H
t6
N
C)
..
..
V1
'i
N
z
v
u
:Citble 2
HILL AREA TI'10-WAY LANE NEEDS AT HOLDING CAPACITY
STELLING ROAD
DKG
Year 2995
Location on
Lane Needs
Service
Stellin.r Road
Demand
Build
Level
South of Route 280
1.8 1
2
B
No. of Stevens Creek Blvd.
2.3
4
A
So. of Stevens Creek Blvd.
4.0
4
B -C
So. of Bollinger Road
2.6..
4
A
DKG
I
T able
DESCRIPTION OF ROAD LOCATIONS
"A" THROUGH "N"
Locati-on
A
Foothill Blvd. -
H
Bubb Road -
S. .of Steve Crk, Blvd.
N. of Rainbow Drive
B
Foothill Blvd. -
I
Rainbow Drive -
N. of BicClellan Rd.
Be of Bubb Road
C
McClellan Road -
J
Foothill Blvd. -
Ee of Foothill Blvd.
N. of Steve Crk. Blvd.
'D.
McClellan Road -
K
Stevens Crk. Blvd. -
We of Bubb Road
Be of Foothill Blvd.
E
Bubb Road -
L
Foothill Blvd. -
N. of SPRR Crossing
S. of Junip. Serra llry.
F
McClellan Road -
1Y1
Stevens Crk. Blvd.
Be of Bubb Road
Y'l. of Bubb Road
G
Bubb Road -
11
Stevens Crk. Blvd. -
e
t_7
S. of McClellan Rd.
Be of Bubb Road
I
mKG
I.�
DWELLING UNITS BY TRAFFIC ZONE
Dwel].ine Uni.ts�'*
Traffic
Totcl
-- Can
Difference
}OC "C"
Planning x_ F
Area Numbers
Zone
�1�_
. .
Hold_
810
736
-74.
73t
83t 87, 95,.10j•
g
800
988
•x188
63,
640 74
.3
105O
666
—1, 084,
55,
65, 75, 76.
4
590
545
x.45
62
5
1 650
1.083
-567
72o
82, 92
6
650
571
—79
.61
7
1,150
1,149
-1
711
81
g
Do}l*
730
+730
900
91, 100, 101
From
Division of
Highways study which assumes
seminary use
# Holding
Capacity
(HC) = the number
"C" = the number
of dvielling
of dwelling
u:iits
used in
units used
this
study. Alternate
in prior studies
for the core area.
#x See
plannin;- department maps
DKG
V'N\O
C>
co
h•
�o <
O
Cd
o I
C\l
E- ;4
r E
W
pfd
$4 0
NqQ
�4
to
CIS
0
44th -i
4iED
P
o
4-' 0
CD
\0 \JD
L�-
-ri
:-�>
Id
0) -P S4
�
CP\
0
ow
t
4-1 0
0
0 C\l id
0
p
CH
N
0'[7
r0
C�.r P,
0
It o
x: d
1
o
r -t
4�
0
4�
LO
o
.0 Ids::
m
wl
o rd
0
-C
bD
54 VJ
w 0
H 0 0)
0
0
43 r-1
is
Cd ti
O V) Vr-
pq
0
EO
00
fa
4�
DKG
Service's
Levels
Lost
4
1
3
2
2
2
5
(7)
4
(9)
4
(6)
*Service level deterioration = 1 level per 0.25 two-way lanes
(x) = hypothetical
Note: See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table
4.for description of zone locations.
2:gble 6A
TWO-WAY LANE INCREASES
AT
ROAD
LOCATIONS
DUE TO
HOLDING CAPACITY DU
INCREASES
OVER
NOVEMBER
1974 DWzLLING
UNITS
Zone
Lanes
2
4
6
8
Total
A
.46
. o
0.
0
.59
0
0
o
1.05
B
.46
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o.46
C ..31
0
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
D
431
0
0
.36
0
0
0
0
0.67
E
0
.07
.12
'.29
0
0
0
0
0.48
F
.15
.05
..12
.07
0
0
0
0
0.39
Z
G
.15
.12
.25
0
0
Q•
0
0
0.52
H
.15
.12
.25
0
0
0
0..
0
0-52-
.52T
1
.15
.12
.99
0
0
0.
0
0
1.26
J
.30
0
0
0
.35
.02
.90
.16
1.73
.,� a
K
.15
o
o.
0
.24
.02
:39
.16
o.96
`-
L
.30
0
0
•0
.35
.02
.90
.66
2.23
M
.15
0
0
0
.24
.07
.39
.16
1.01
N
.15.
.07
.12.
.29
.24
'.07
•39
.16
i.49
.Zonal
.77
.24
1.24
.36
.59
.09 1.29
.82
Gen.
DKG
Service's
Levels
Lost
4
1
3
2
2
2
5
(7)
4
(9)
4
(6)
*Service level deterioration = 1 level per 0.25 two-way lanes
(x) = hypothetical
Note: See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table
4.for description of zone locations.
Table _6n
TV10-VIAY LANE CHANGES AT ROAD LOCATIONS
DUE TO HOLDING CAPACITY DU DIFFERENCE'S
FROM ALT. "C" (HC - "C")
DKG
2 S Total
0
0
-1.22
0
0
-.09
0
0
-.06
A
--09
0:_
0
0
-1a13
0
0
B
-.09
0
0
0
0
0
0
L;
-.06
0
0
0
0
0
-•22
D
-,o6
0
0
-409
0
0
+.29
E
0•
+:11
-.22
-.07
0
0
r
H
F
-.03
f.08
-.22
--02'
0
0
G
-.03
+.19
-.43
0
.0
0.
H
-.03
+.19
-.43
0
0
0
I
-.03
+.19
-1.73
0
0
0
a
.
--06
0
0
o
-.68
-.-03
,.p
'T
x
--03
0
.0
o
-.45
-.03
':
L
-.o6
0
0
o
-.68
-.03
m
-.0g
0
0
0
-.45
-.13
-.22
-.07
-a45
7-13
DKG
2 S Total
0
0
-1.22
0
0
-.09
0
0
-.06
0
0
-.15
0.
0
-.18-
0
0
-.19
0
0
-.27
0
0
-•27
0
0
-1.57
0
+.29
-.48
0
+.2g
-•22
o
+1.17
+.43
o,:
+.29
--32
0
+.29
-050
Note- See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table
4 for description of zone locations.
I
DKG
.
,Tsable
PERCENT
OF ZONE'S
TRAFFIC
PASSING THROUGH
ROAD
LOCATION
Zone
4
6
Z
8
A
6o
0 0
0
100
0
0
0
B
6o
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
C
40
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
.D;
40
0 0
100
0
0
0
0
E
0-
30 10
80 .
,0
0
0
0
F
20
20 10
20
0
0
0
0
G
20
50 20
0.
0
0
0
0
H
20
50 20
0
0
0
0
0
z
20
50 80
0
0
0
0
0
J
4o
0 .0
0
6o .2o
70
20
K
20
0 0
0
4o
20
30
20
L
40
0 0
0
60 .20
70
80
Pd
.20
0 0
0
40
80
30
20
N
20
3.0 10
8o
40
80
30
20
Note;
See Table 3 for description
of road
locations
and Table
4 for
description
of zone locations.
DKG
Table 8
• TWO-WAY LANES (BY ROAD LOCATION) DUE
TO 100 DWELLING UNITS AT A ZONE
Zone
�.
�.
4
i
6
Z
8
A
412
0
0
0•
.20
0
0
0
.B ..
.12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
D
.08
0
0
.20
0
0
0
0
E
0
.06
.02
.16
.0
0
0
0
F
s04
.04
.02
.04
0
0
0
0
G
.04
.10
.04
0
0
0•
0.
0
H
.04
.10
.04
0
0
0
.0
0
0
z
.04
.10
.16
0•
0
0
0
0
4.
J
.08
0
0
0
.12
..o4
o4
K
.04
0
.0
0
.08
.64
.o6
.o4
L
'108
0
0
0
.12
,o4
.14
.16
M
.04
0
0.
0
.08
.1.6
.06
.04
N
.04
.06
.02
.16
.08
.16
.06
.o4
Note:
See
Table 3
for description
of road
locations
and
Table 4 .
for
description of zone
'locations.
ICU density
in DU/Gr. Ac.
..o_4.4
r
• bISG
LIbIe 9
TWO-WAY LANES AND
TRIP ENDS PER DVIELLING UNIT
Peak Hour
5 —v�ay TE/D'J 2 -way )_are s /DTT*
0075#* 0002
4a�-7•? 0070x* {
Two-way lanes/DU = 1 -way TE/DU Y (700.0
# Conclusion: Use 0.70 TE/DU for all hill densities
1
, g
_.. -: Y .h... '.➢� c.-.. '�_� m -.,. _.. .-<. `�-'- _. i =h.. _. t_ -41,2 c S .. a �. _.. 4- -_.._ ".�. „A
u
I _ _... : _,. _ _ ._ _. ._ ..: .. - _ .arm.: -1 z- -... _. .-. : _,. � - ,. .-s.c _, .- - -- 4r. k :.v.„"_` _. _ .+li•,. --
.". - 1 _ {'- ,._ s_i _. __ _ rte.. •. ,r �--- � s. m.. . - _. .. ,_ ...< : -._ - ., -:. (� _- -: 3. _ _ = Sw-
.. �
_ _ .. z. • _ .< _., ..- _. -.�,. � ,- � . a. .� - `� TrF_ - r c. :.:: _ _ -... :�- [
�� q
3. 1-:�. _ _ -_ ._.. :. _ - .-.2 �_ -.. ._ _ �., f .. ._.. c_.-. � � � ..-..--`.-F-7 ._ .,,- -'.'•'s, -i -rev.`--r
Is �._. a- _,.-..:-..c=, .._.. s.4,_ _ ,. _..]5r. �.. - _. _ :. :� ..N� _ .. _ 1 - .�-s-4.�:. - _.e'-= _ ..ice-�'F.. . - -s __. - ,,. --: _- .::_ _ ... _ _ __ <. _, , _- __ �--r - ... �+•: -c .:,. r _. sem- ,�_ _ �, _d`—�3_�? -�'t''
v
,e p- - 1 `*r--�•-._ �.. : "-- -_- _. I_ `-'}',�;ztw _, ,..,: �._ f, .. (a _}- r 'a ,.,arm - - F�� '-�"�- -
: .. �- - ic, _ 'S.. _ _. �. >:- - :+Zy b - __ , _ . � E.r-. _ .. f5- � _:. .,<.. :� a t.- �-� 3 _ c;=EE.>•+i- - r _ _ _
. ,. _ - .__ - _. -7` - -... ♦� ___ -_�_ _ ... _- _.: ... _ � :mss -c -. .�.�'- _
� O - s. __- :,_ _ z-> .. •_ _ wy-. r.. -ter. -. •C, F a .r _ '� _• -,. _,. -- .--__._:_: - - -: 3 _-'i-' .-Y:--
L
., /._ _. .bv _ .._ .. _- _ --� ,_r ^---••- ._ C '_ -, �.. .._ ,.. �t�1Ft .- v _.' -a-?(.-.. .. r -i �. _._ a =+� -_ sj._,.._.rn.. - :3
F7"
-S. .. :_ _ � • -. 4:_ �� _ _. _ -".-. •- __.. it � z%�_ + Y_ i .._ +y. '�-Y _ _� ♦ _. - nJ -._ s.•T, T. !1t3, _... o - .,. ii �•-
.., _ -.`' _ ...-." _ +tee- _ .- 1 - k" - �.-... ,. F..-. � _-''.��...-r- -.vv ��..• t`. � --s.
I — —
e
.`
. - __ ✓ :t'... �9a_Sf11�][�(�K_. _ , - . - j, .. - . :. ._ _ .�_, r .. _ _ _ - -e __ ._ . "sr �.. Y"„ .� . -tea S. " ,- - .,. #
_. _ t. .. .. .. - - t' _ _ yR t-i� r 'Xt'G _, _ ft. � _s ,. _ .� ,i - - _ - �k � .. ,.�, � ^L•- +�
_. . - _. ,. � .,-.-e.. - . .- _. ..- _ _ _ _• _. "°--r _-_, ,.-. _ _ -til. - :» - , �; 'i I .. > •-- � +--`�. ._� _ _ _
, _- !.. _ .., <..": _, _-=.•i'�sfr1 - "_ > ..,: .., _ -tea. _: � ::� _ -.-. t - , _ _... ..- -. - . ,._ tom" F-- -
-`. . � - - .. _ .r -_. _: -.... � , - < -. _ - • -,.. .,. - _- ., - __ . , ` ._ - - .vim 3 - -.r. _3T .-�.n-�..4:
,'.J :. _ - _-. _ .!i___ _. .. - >_.__ _ __ r :_. �< v �' Z � .�..- .tom - -ac•':_ 'S _ _ ♦aiw_°�l� ♦ r. f. ..::.--. < _:..:'-6 -
I a • � - -: e. \ _ _ � < `�'j �� �' �t z'F - n -. _-•e�.s� _ _ - _ - i3. .. ,+. - -e+ • it --
, � t ,._ -_ ..-..._ _.. . fir.. --- � �. - _ _ ,� ,_._; . ., _ _,.. .!`. _. x -=t {j_ -3 � .`?a - _ ,.... ,. .zT'. �- ..-. _ � .�_-'• - =
,Z f � e;.. �-, r,: �. - _ -. - 4 k.. . <.�-.- _ .-. - .F - ,-� .. - -• at- _ r .....�1 -w--. .... _.. .. .::� _ -.r_ �.:F€ ', t--_� __ ti.
! � � _ _,as..._.. e—�[ V- _ _ ♦- t =t €.`1 -. _ r i.- Y, t-- . _t,� _. E�'T-�:': -���"
-��'� _ _ � f Sri-�-- -±� - .. ..._ �•--+,-.� �.._-e-e- -.-. .. - t_-..�'.., �,.�..-- -,!'- _ __- _, .1�:� �#�: r �:�' �' _
_ a : w-. _ � <�` ,.: `� -, .. t .. ".�,__ - •s.. -_ .. f _ sir .c�.�i� ,. :- _,.:. - . :_ #`s- _ $ -
f 1 � r'�y_ -. d. $.. aeq"' . .7- _ tF=���:� :... .. ._. _.. .: �� .._- -_ �-: 'G. �. .r s - •- s•_r-J
b _ '_ r , - - _-._ T`. �G r .}.-* _. ._ < .F r'2 - ;•fa = k: IF ., ,..-a..y ,.-,. _.:-_„-?_Ji .. _, y p. .+,. g}}�' � �;P F --._�
- r , _. f � : Y -.. -.- _.. .... .,F _. 4. _ ,. ._ '�+z _ .,�y^p _ „I-. -• - -___.. x s. -.L - _- - _ r s. � _-- -. _. 1-�. .I,�_{>i_ : <<i
r
I ,., 5., _ � - ._-.._-_�-_ _- :�ju_�.,- - .t�<, ,.-._,..-- .. ., � Vii. t'�i.,,-s,. _ .,K •.$> _ - =-- - - �,. ��� -
� - -> - .�. . - � ,_ � .�- � 1� �('' - r+- •fir fY
r � ,. ,._ _..... .. .. ' £-.'1tE s �'-r ..cl. _._• ya _,_-r '.T; �i. .s,� ��, ' -rt �. `.i�` - F'�._.� _ �e�
I � , / o ! _ -- .. T.: - ,- -- _ lap. s. �._. �-'*- ..E -,,.. :�- ` :�-c.• - I -- :_ .. _.-.. .�,•.� �-. , _- .:.-s-� -. _ - L;?
fes' - _ _ � . _ - _ •� ( -_ -_ ` [_... -,: Y � -. � r'� - _ _ - _ - -_ - _ _ � i- _ _
' -b s5 - - •� -- -+- - - tea.: -� - ` � . � r_
- ,.- -� � r 6.- _: t - r-�. �. :, ;_e. -•,- ". ... _t .,_ ii _. -' 1. �-: _.. -tom _- - -iu c' I .p _ _ `i
! - -•. !_- �c _, _ I - \�4 --E urFi,_�"`.. �, ,' .�. y:'�, ty"t=. �w �J- -._. ..-,-..:._;. : r!,� _ Tip '- :l_ _ -
.__ .. �, \ ( � : �, n ♦ .v" _ , J, _ �_� .�/=fir ._ .,,Y - .. ` LTJ _ _ __ _ - _ � - �� -! --
-:. 1. r 1 - !: _ t _ . _ ff. S". \ --z: -i c: . _ - l: ti L:d 1: -:_-� E y G •« . ,� ~-
'�- 1� ❑« " - , , % ,,ori ' -_- a : .._A �. � - £ 1 _ - _-_ ___ ��I eta � _ - - a -- - `�. 3Ear•..
c
a- : -_ •n�,V ._ �:b ��.- a - _ ` �`!\,-��,., -� 1 _It. ="1 \� t_ ,.I
, � - • --`- T-_ -. ,... v •,cess - _, .. - � - �- -
.-.-•M,
- -: _. - _ __ � , .� � r„ / f � � '; .� � t �\ /. �.: � .—�I j 1, "'sem•': _... ,I _ -�J i � ms`s- it--� ��'
U iGz �- t � Shu ✓- .1 .- y- rf,(-�� � s<... , .. �R. :. T; _.. F:..I-- r._.___ _�,``q:.,�ttl _ I. :.
_ : - `tr:1�.` / /� :� /� _ till , ,._• ____ _' "�1� i ____- I' {A [�{ r. j I
4
P .... __ $: -/ '�` -, .> -_ 1 , •, -. _ � . .'.- • \,.+t -'-•^ .•>f. ,-Y.t _ r., _[-_ _ .+ rIF I�-1 4' -� -•t-�c
it-
'{ .. '- '°- c r r' - Mit ar . lsoo �_ J v i ./ / _ :- � „G _ �.,_ i.'- I :_;n , + ,.�1i`�_ �� ---- � �� � - I�`• �•. � E-.�-- - ter' -':1
F
r
:r-- .T , -Q \ ,II00 ` :�.•. _,\.. awn Ir :: r^ L - `•�.1���1� ,�[
- f I .. , . •� � L� � s / r. s,__ .: ...< Ji - _J'• • '. � •.,�.<. ..... 11 _ ::. _ t ` -� I t - -B'az a _z ' s.��-q
,
: '� � 1c �' � ! � Q r • � .. � --•:S '�'�'!r ` �. � r=at e,'.�r"�. - '. �,-', > - zo. - c� _ �� l:.
_ - �~ - i , � 1 i 91 •tee- 'I. ..� -N... -y n - L, _ - �l -��� a - - - -i -' �� .+../ .,+ a -
ti. t _._ <.__ t •_ rte,.: � . ♦ � o �. '.t tEt fv ; _. "$ a'.' /. , ;.._._. p ..s.:�, - - r.'-� �"'_�1 .t I 1 - - "
Za
w
r/
L t >
, - �- .. � _- Ft \�._ :� `\' © I 1� _ . r - �....r �.;..=/:��Y'r t'• -.i ....�ltx��� _ �._��'��(:� �T �`����/l, } 3. ... �4f !� �,s •' �� -_
-: - ;, ' i.:- <`.-�- �_ � ', •. - �.. 'ilii '. n � Iz--"e��i 1 - - -,r-r' f��.:-- '�' /]� -� �. _
1--
: �- .r .:Y --• O- -- I 1. �. -._� - � .. _ ; _ � a. - ;. _ 1 .�'. iaci �,=-ip. -i _. � ::�,a-. �'•°— :.��L . �'�.�'•� h w .;`}I "1.11 y I �'c ��.- k:
- t _ bf--' _ kl,,,,e, � .. r t .c_ / ♦ _, '-.. - � I:i':. _. ter('.: ��e•-:�' _ � _ � I: _ _ _ _ �� � + i d�Jl �i 'lt 7II(�y('� 1 -�{ • �,E _ �s-
t
_- --.._ --- _.. s ...-r �s _r, � �,: 1 � _ e 0 _ tT �1 :�{ :,.. •�::. _ .. _._. _ - � r^ u. f��`.-- � - i r _
,-
--
�.
i
V
- - r a, I a \•- ��- ? I mo`' - y r`�t::: 9, F ,
r ,.
t
.., o. w � ,.E„ +� t.� � to � • ' �` ---- _ '- ` `--- _ — �_ ter, _ 1�� +:.._.' 4� — .�'—
2U
' - - r - - ._ � ,/L e} r,- � • , � - -. �: i:- � Yu.. f� 3F -` j -_ '-. - -_ _ _..2 - _ v'r r� .r-� r� y s ��--�1� #' � -`-^
e ... :r r � !i•:'115+Y hT , \V:. � < : t - T__ _ � v •P'�\, ,�: _. - - �>cj > . F � � E 1:. � �� _ _ _ -�j � =�r a_ _ .3-r F-_`_'lt��
_ - } _ , � T l ��� - t - ! l _ -� l// ��;- w- _'-- �}.: ..� �`ti _ 1,�� 3�C i/$` a.. -•-f C�-'e�t� �-ate - �_
->-[
Lr__ ' --
"- t# , -�. - -�—__ ww4 lir...-'�_-.c'-'t, _.�@���. _ r=-�-�(I `-_-.'� _ _•7 _.->�_-,-'- _
:a lfi'-t'
_ . _ s -
MOM
\ �k�-�t`I�t �i �, - i' l._ � / r i� \C�'� _G, A _ //) �//.:1' \ '� //11 n /! In . I. 'f.:��__ _tm_:_ Y .tt '�tFi-�vxrii•��[�_-itix.�us��.f��i`L'�'i��r�Ot-i,_:'i"-- ".- _ _ �Y<s
. �� � L�>% In • FI
.r
1 3�eQ �', ♦1.1, 1
1 t
ieFe 'a���4�"
r.
I
'I; V Gi,_�_ IP"�
milt.
�i ii, 21
�A A i I _j
J�
-!j
,:1 -tip
fv
W,
�- I I —
21�
L
"k,
�Z, A_,.; - - "i t
__j[Z - --
A0 a
77,
Zvi
in r it
%
-
rI
4
NVIA % k .
7, ft
"7-7— x
s.__jWiz-
7_1
-JIF
Cis
it
'At, o4 -
r. J it -,iii�'i
� •N�:w'
1Z,
-W 7
It
V
--w
i v -fi F77
'lip
i;4 .... ...
it -
I r
ik
7,
c- itrj
all
Ntl
L f
Ji
j
c
ILJL-
v oil
No
0 W
or
d m
L 4_
T I
IF
7't
I'
T If 4�
a [rte
F
j
7 -".
7,
C-4
- YO11 V11211A Y,
if
Vk
X.
r
♦t EJE t lr,�Ll IT g V
717
ps
8t
au �:Vi
z/�
3z �;,
6
.4
f 1"I
1`r-�00
114-1
1,T ji
_41
ROAD SYSTEM, IN THE HILL. AREA
WithinCupertino Sphere- of Influence
CLUSTERING OF DEVLOPMENTS
ARTERIAL ROAD
COLLECTOR ROAD
LOCAL, ROAD
FIRE TRAIL
86,022
AL/mc 13 March t75
0 t000 2000 3000 4000 50DO
I -I ,
.25 .50 .75 - I mi.
I"= 2000' SCALE 1+24.oSo
capenlool
planning
department
GENERAL PLAN STUDY
V
Hill Area General Plan
5. SCHOOLS
t
�6
l�
p..
80,051.3
81,003.3
81,003.22
AL/tm March 24, 1975.
Rev. April 17, 1975
Hill Area General Plan.
SCHOOLS
----------------------
Cupertino's sphere of influence is served by Cupertino Union School District
(Kindergarten, Elementary Schools and Junior High Schools), by Fremont Union
High School District, and by Montebello Elementary School District which
maintains one small school in the hill area. (Sce attached list and map.)
The first two Districts serve a population in Sunnyvale and San Jose much
larger than the population in Cupertino including the County "islands" within
Cupertino's sphere of influence.
The "yield" of students per dwelling unit has dropped rapidly since the 1970
census. This "yield" factor is a component of three different factors: age
distribution, composition of households, and proportion of various types of
dwelling units within the District.
These factors are changing rapidly, and the 1970 census is now misleading.
When basic data from the 1975 Santa Clara County census are available, they
can be compared to 1970 figures and to U.S. long-range forecasts. A combina-
tion of these data with data now computerized by Cupertino School District
and with an accurate distribution of types of dwellings according to the
revised General Plan will. provide the basis for a long-range forecast of
enrollment and reserve capacity of each school.
'The following interim conclusions can s--fely'be made from now available data,
provided that there will be no sudden major reversal of the present drop in
fertility.
1. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "City Plan";
The schools in Cupertino Elementary School District will have
enough capacity even when the City is fully built up, provided that
the demand on the capacity of each school. is equalized through busing
or through realignment of attendance area boundaries. However, should
the "neighborhood school" concept be maintained (meaning that most
students would be able to walk to school), one elementary school. may
be located on the Catholic Church property, and possibly another on
Seven Springs Ranch. A detailed analysis would be necessary to
decide assignment areas.
2. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "County
Plan": This density is too low to support neighborhood schools
within new development areas. Busing to other schools in the
district would be necessary even if the neighborhood school concept
were maintained in principle.
3. Outside the Urban Service Area: This area would not have enough
population to maintain more than the existing Montebello School,
even when. fully built up with the, highest density under discussion
(the "County Plan"). Busing would be'necessary because of the
long distances within this part of the hill area. If:, in the future,
residents in this area would choose to join Cupertino Union Elementary
School District, there is enough capacity. to accommodate the students
from the present Montebello School District.
F. Hill Area General Plan
SCHOOLS IN CUPERTINO UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT AND
FREMONT UNION HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT
----------------------------------------------
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
81,003.3
81,003.22
80,051.3
AL/tm March 24, 1975
Rev. April 17, 1975
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Within Cupertino City Limits:
36.
Collins
17.
37.
Cupertino
1.
Eaton
38.
Hyde
2.
Faria
39.
Kennedy
3.
..Garden .Gate
40.
Miller
4.
Lincoln
41.
Ortega
5.
Monta Vista
24.
Inverness
6.
Portal
Luther.
7.
Stevens Creek
27.
8.
Wilson (closed)
HIGH
SCHOOLS
Within
Cupertino's Sphere of Influence:
42.
Cupertino
30.
Nimitz
43.
Fremont
9.
Doyle
44.
Homestead
10.
Jollyman
45.
Lynbrook
11.
Older
46.
Monta Vista
12.
'13.
Regnart
`Sedgwick (closed)
47.
48.
Sunnyvale
..Blaney
14.
Stocklmeier
k
15.
West Valley
Outside Sphere of Influence:
*May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties,
which are within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence.
16.
Blue Hills
17.
Calabazas Creek (closed)
18.
De Vargas
19.
Dilworth
20.
Eisenhower
21.
Grant
22.
Hansen
23.
Hoover*
24.
Inverness
25.
Luther.
26.
Meyerholz
27.
Montclaire*
28.
Muir
29.
Murdock
30.
Nimitz
31.
Panama
32.
San Antonio (closed)
33.
Serra
34.
Stichter 4
35.
Warren (closed)
i
k
*May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties,
which are within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence.
s
t
fk kT1
7
V
i4o.
F jf�fim�
M.
vl
447
L
T_
'TUf! 11-:1 &Q..
Jf 7 rr t t
IF
Au
7-7—
T
4;__7f�j�
1-3,
iw
tr
A
'Lna
KA
.. z7
Qf_
g
iL :k-
b
t571% -pi it
, /`J
_*` Al V
rTr—,n
03
m
7
ej 16
-flo
4
SCHOOL DISTRICT: BOUNDARIES 8c SCHOOLS
FREMONT- HIGH SCHOOL. DISTRICT BOUNDARY.. ALSO
BOUNDARY ;OF DE ANZA COMMUNITY COLLEGE
-ASSIGNMENT AREA WITHIN FOOTHILL- COMMUNITY
COLLEGE DISTRICT...
CUPERTINO UNION - SCHOOL DISTRICT- BOUNDARY ,
:ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITHIN CUPERTINO CITY LIMITS
ra
SERVING SPHERE OF INFUENCE
OUTSIDE
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
r
J
0
5000' 10,000'
4.1
0 2 mill
cfty of GENERAL 'PLAN, STUDY
cupeninu
Planning
depanment DTE:' March 3, 1975 File Number 80,051 AL/TG Cz20100' 1:24,000
•
Hill Area General Plan
UTILITIES; 14ATER RESOURCES
r.
14
Hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply
DWELLING UNITS IN WATER SERVICE AREAS
(Approximate numbers)
AL/jk 81,003.3
Feb. 28, 1975
Table 1
-----
N.d.
--------------------------------
Exist. or
under constr. 11/1/74
---------------------------------
Holding ca
acitv(fully built up)
Calif. San Jose Cupertino
Calif. San Jose
Cupertino
Water Co.
Water Wks.
Water Utjl.
Water Co.
Water Wks.
Water Util.
02
262
525
262
525
03
630
630
12
422
543
21
579
665
22
224
225
319
320
30
418
640
"31
477
904
32
212
1048
33
356
361
23-2
1848
3333
2884.
•40
389
537
41
881
..
1302
'
42
100
480
100
561
-50
124
122
51
152
908
152
1394
1646
480
.908'
2213
561
1394
y1
523
571
62
366
545
63
"100
'241
100
312
64
506
541
'
606
1130
641
1428
70
159
181
71
649.
774
72
276
488
73
138
221
81
168
375
-82
456
533
83
125
198
" 159
1812
181,
2589
Church
730
Regn.C.
166
7-Spr.
3
19
535
19
1431
TOTAL
.4187
3053
3850
5727
4086
6842
AL/jk '81,003.3
March 5, 1975
Mill Area General Plan: Hater
Rev.
Resources and Supply
?larch 24,'1975
Table 2
NATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND TABULATION
FOR 10-11R. PEAK DEMAND
CITY OF CUPERTINO MUNICIPAL
-------------------------------=---
HATER UTILITY
-----------------
Nov. 1
Holding
_
1974
Capacity**
Dwelling Units
3,850 5,000
6,642
Population (approx.)
11,500 15,000
20,500
Demand:
Million gallons
Fire reserve***
1.950 , 2.250
2.600
Domestic
2.500 3.300
4.500
Miscellaneous
0.400 0.550
0.700
Total reserve
4.850 6.100
7.800
Supply: Million gallons
Tank
.2.000 4.000 ..
4.000
Pumping
1.500 2.100
2.100
Additional supply****
-
-
1.700
-Total..supply
3.500 6.100
7.800
•'Alternative, assuming
no additional storage tanks
except those programed
or pumps,
in 1974-75 budget (2 million gallon
.tank and increase in
pumping capacity).
Adopted General Plan,
"Foothill Residential" slope
-density
formula (0-4.4 DU/ac.).
f** Elwyn E. Seelye: Data
Book for Civil Engineers Design,
Vol. 1, p. 20-03.
';*** Provided by additional
tank or additional
pumps.
AL/tm 81,003.31
March 6, 1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SEWERS
• -------
The Cupertino Sanitary District serves all of the City of Cupertino,
"islands" under County jurisdiction but more or less surrounded by
Cupertino (not including Rancho Rinconada), and also fairly large areas
in San Jose and Saratoga. At present, about 207 of the dwelling units
served by the District are located within the city limits of San Jose
and Saratoga. The District is prepared to extend service into nearby
hill areas, if population density justifies this.
.The Sanitary.District- adopted a Master Sewer Plan in November 1964.
Included in the plan are two maps indicating existing and proposed trunk
-sewer lines, also assumed future density in the service area. Four tables
-were included:
1.. ..Analysis of the existing sewer.system. For each trunk is indicated
diameter in inches, velocity in feet per second and resulting capacity in
gallons per hour.
2. Criteria for design of the revised master sewer plan; the table
..lists five different densities in dwelling units per acre, corresponding
persons per dwelling unit, and as a result five figures of persons per acre;
sfuthermore gallons .per day per person and resulting gallons per day (average
IN .and peal: flow) per acre.
(; 3. Analysis of land use by trunk service areas. The number of acres
in each type of development with the same criteria is indicated.
4. Table of the computed ultimate sewer flows in each service area.
:Here each section of trunk lines is listed between the points where other
sewers join the trunk.
.::The City of Cupertino Planning Department has computed the ultimate number
-:of dwelling units, the number of persons, and the peak flow in gallons per
,day in each trunk service area on basis of the data in the District's tables.
:(There are minor differences in resulting gallons per day because of
rounded figures.)
The result is the attached tables and Diagrams 1-3: dwelling unit's in trunk
service areas; population in trunk service areas; million gallons per day
(peak flow) between trunk service areas.
The entire area served by the District would contain 24,549 dwelling units
with 84,994 persons and the outflow would be 11,835,000 gallons per 'day
.peak flow. (Naturally these figures are approximate.)
-1-
1 0
r�).
0•
AL/tm .81,003.31
March 6,.1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SEWERS (cont'd.)
It is seen that some of the trunk service areas have two or more outlets
and that trunk sewers interconnect in various ways. It is noted that if
four trunk'service areas (E, K, L and M) in the central part of the City
are combined, these interconnections will disappear from the diagram.
Diagrams 4-6 have been prepared of this simplified system; the sewer
system will then be represented as a tree branching out. (There are,
however, smaller cross --connections between the trunk lines for diversion
purposes, to provide more flexibility in the event specific areas do not
develop exactly as anticipated.)
The number of dwelling units in the now adopted part of the General Plan
(1974) and tentatively calculated number of dwelling units in the hill
areas has been applied to the trunk service' areas 'of°"thp;sewer system.
Diagram 7 indicates dwelling units with these;assumptiohs. (Population and
.million gallons per day peak flow have not been'caiculated so far.) The
number of dwelling units in this diagram is approximate because neighbor-
hoods for which dwelling unit calculations have been made and trunk service
-,areas do not coincide.
As far as only outflow from residential areas is considered, it seems that
-there is considerable excess capacity in the Sanitary District's Master
Plan, compared to the City's present General Plan. The reason for this is
that the District assumed considerably higher density in several residential
.areas of%Cupertino and also assumed that residential development with a
,density of one dwelling unit per acre would extend a considerable distance
up in the hill area. ,
Calculations assume that the constant factors for persons per dwelling unit
and gallons per person still apply. In case of the former factor there
actually has been a considerable lowering since the District's Master Plan
was adopted, which results in additional excess capacity in residential areas.
The gallons per person and day have kept fairly constant, according to the
'Sanitary District.
-On the other hand, the electronic industries now in operation in Cupertino or
-in the planning stages are heavy water users and therefore discharge large
volumes into the sewer system. This was not entirely anticipated in the
.District's 1964 Master Plan, and counterbalances the decrease in anticipated
,population.
-The outflow from the northeast corner of the City and the treatment plant in
San Jose is shared with parts of the cities of Santa Clara and San Jose and
,:with several unincorporated County areas. A new interceptor line for this
outflow is under design, with additional purchase into the treatment plant;
this will have some safety factors incorporated in order to handle "peak"
flows and also the possible inclusion of Rancho Rinconada as a long-range
plan.
-2-
is
iLO
13
AL/tm 81,003.31
March 6, 1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Rill Area General Plan
SEWERS (cont'd.)
It has been questioned whether it would be possible to count backwards along
the sewer trunk lines to find out the maximum.number of dwelling units and
population that could be accommodated by the sewer system. Such computations
would be extremely complicated because of interconnection of sewer lines and
because certain sections of the sewers have excess capacity and others do not.
It would be impractical without the use of a computer.
It is desirable to make more accurate calculations' which would bring the
core area, the infilling area and the hill area sections of the General Plan
together in one document. Dwelling units would then be recorded either by
block or in the form of a "dot map" with different symbols for different
types of dwelling units, each dot representing 10 dwelling units, for instance.
This would lead to more exact division of the dwelling units between the trunk
service areas. A better estimate of the number of persons per dwelling unit
would be made by comparing 1970 and 1975 census. Also, a more exact measure-
ment of non-residential areas is needed.
—3—
Veb .26
RtIA"t* I
CUPERTIN6 GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT
Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,033 31
L
1 Cupertino
'A'Mb" Trunk Service Area E
14
G H
I
,
DU Very Low I DU/ac
1,148
2
f I Low 2
45:
3
Medium 3.5
287
4
817 3
Medium High 9
1997
5
1,006,
High 15..
. ..... ....
Total Dwelling Units
90'
Pop. (4 pers./DU)
.583
2,330
---2.7472
(4
(3
4,592
3
180
364
..Total population
14
G H
304'
1,148
45:
:1 2
91
1765:
287
975
817 3
1997
206
1,006,
416
90'
2'438
200
.583
2,330
---2.7472
1;216
4,592
180
364
3,060-,---
----3,900---
—3 268
2,991
618
3 018
1,248
1;314;
270
12
_7,;365;
2,036
8;314!
9,472
_ ..-_- - "",..""° .. Feb. 20
��L
-CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT - —
Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81 ,003.31
--- - - 111 121 (3)
CService oArea
NTrunk
I
J
R
L
E
E.
.....
DU Very Low 1 DU/ac
'318'
'
z
" 2 Low it
I
i_
I
'
311
- ...__---.._.
Medium 3.5
........
860:.
;
(: 140.. _.
49 I
°
4
Medium High 9 "_ _
2;426
;558
1885
266
---
5
-
- —.
High 15
-- ----
I
- - -----------
i 692
---- -- -
I- : 192
=-- -
- -'—
_
6
Total Dwelling Units
3,604.
1,250
1',217.
315j
I`
..,
I
_
8
---
Pop (4 pens./DU) _-
.
I,272
10
11 (4 11 / 11)
I 3.,440
7,278
:__, .�-
1,674'.
! _ 560.---_196
-2,655 ...
798:
(3 - -
-12
11(3
2,076...
'576;
576
1 3
_
Total Population
11990
.,.
791;
9 94
14
,
15
PG/D (120 /pers.)—
11 (120
152,640:
--
ill
16
;I3,'
'
17
" (120 / " )
:'412.)800
67 200
23,520
8
(112.5/ )
818,775
f 188,325
298,688
_,-
89,775
19
^ (112.5/ " ) -.
-�
'233 550.
641800
--
20
-
-----
Peak Flow, gallons/day
-. - .. g
184+ 215
;3
_..-421,875'..
430,688_.....'--113,295
21
2
22
(Acres1'z
23
Industrial
`
24
" Public
i.---
12
26
" . Quasi -Pub.
I
I
:
j
2
26
Total acres. int. non -res.
59!9
1131
2i
i-:22 2
78 1
2
x 1500 ....-._.. ..
I..:.:..
I
i..
i. ...
_
I .:. i .....
� ..
?
_....Z'.
28
...
Peak Flow, gallons/day
'89,850
'196,800
33',300
117,150
12
29
I
2
30
Acres Parks
I
-�I
-----
----._ —
- - ---
3
31
_
Utilities
i
3
32
Total'acres ext. non -res.
...
33
X 150 =
I
I
I
3
34
Peak Flow, gallons/day
3
35
36
3
z
OTAL PEAL; FLOW, gal./day
1,474,065
618,675
'463,98
230,445
I3
39
_
09
-
3
40
1�.
I (
I.
4
IMI II AL! DAIC
CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT `°°! -AL Feb.20
. ... .. ._-. uRRov co e• 1975
Revised Plaster Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31
•--
(•. -II c Cupertino11 L
;i
Trunk Service Area M N TOTAL
Y-4 Ln rl ,
M n 1
F l • • ON 6 1 N J J 1
ILA O J
M -1 �C . h O '01,
M vl
O t 1 J .O N a0
O 0.7 I N M M 0 .. J
p II
H N +� I x H h
co
q 1
•
p
1
1
M
t`
x w
I
.-I
- •r�fs�
1
rn
N .
�
1
�
a
I
J
J
6
t
N
N
1
D
i
I
1
1
1
a
�
' 2 +i
I
I
M
M
CO
p
J
1
ul
O
O
co
1
M
M
I
M
co
m
I
M
N
N
%O
1
H
1
1
1
C7
M
II
I
1
1
II
II
1
d+d
n
1
H 01
M
J
N
—
r1
I
,
1
1
I
I
i
1
d a1
1
•
M
J
M
t`
.I
.-I
.'.J
M
rn
i
•
1
M
n
r
J
1
N
.-1
D
O Q U
1
1
a
�
' 2 +i
I
M
M
CO
p
J
1
ul
t/1
O
co
O
H I P
i
M
m
I
M
ON
%O
H
1
N
1
M
II
II
II
J
d+d
%O
U
H 01
I
J
N
—
r1
I
d a1
1
•
H 6
1
01
1
D
1 '
O Q U
1
' 2 +i
M
M
CO
p
7
1
ul
t/1
O
co
O
H I P
i
M
N
H z In
1
II
II
II
d+d
1
U
q
W
—
H a k
I
M w C
I
H :j
i
q P H
I
W H
1
Ln
M
�+ 'v
I
N
co
tG w C
1
"""' co
vl
-6 En M
I
.•I
F
1
H W U1
1
d H +
I
rn LO C
I
d D
I
rl
M
z On
I
N
N
O
oO
a�rl
1
n
n
n
> W 3
1
co
n
n
N
0
.-1 Ln N 1
M r-I
• C% I
N
O
O
O
O
4
O
O.
n
n
O 001
rn
.•i
.-1
M
to
..i ro i
'i
.-i
It
.i N M 1
q
II
II
00 q l
x
H
ti
• 1
A I
w I
\ I
N
a 1
�
6 1
d
I
ON
1
I
I
1
1
rl
.-1
rn
n
I
M
M
n
ri
1
07
c0
M
O
. 1
1
I
1
1
co
1
co
1
M
1
N
1
1
1
I
_
I
1
O
(:,
I
ON
.7
m
M
.
w
I
a
Ln
lzr
1
it
II
N
1
.O 1
rn
co
�
In
n
O
1~ 1
01-
`-0)
0)1
%o
co
an
.n t
.+
� N
ro ro I
O H 1
zd1
-
I
N
N
i/1
'-1
N
co
H I N I
r1
ri
N
r -I
�O
rn
V U I
N
N
n
N
M
OO
ON
v4 d 7 I
II
II
II
- F 1 $4 1
V
Ca
w
N M w I
H to I
A C4 I
W x
.O
W' W 7 1
M
M
d to H 1
r-1 .
O
-.
H H I
n
N'
H w I
d H +I 1
y to I
d 1
0
O} O I
N
d
N
.D
rn
O+
l
ONa,H
M
M
N
Ot
W CO
F W I
coW
to
00
N
O
1-1It
tYi N 'iI
N
N
�Y
N
'.i
00
00
(•
1
W H � I
11
II
II
n
P W O I
M
n n M M —4
� rC4 .7 .Y IO --I
tl o n
7.. H h
M
.7
ri
H
CA C7 7 N
N N -p CO
N N -:r CO
1 H O O
tl n
U AG
co
d
M
O
O O ON
M t` '-1 -,
•N ,M ..,0 .L/1
O r i M
tl n
a �
o
H Ln cn
I
coa
M I\
•rn 6I
1
,-1 _
M H co
o
I
N
p H
1
O ^ Cn
1
,HCO1
.i N M
I
00 Ci
1
1
,A
I
x d
I
T W
1
�
1
1
.
1
I
1
1
I
m
j
vs
I
a)
y
1
H
1
.
d
1
N
1
U
I
v-1
1
D
1
H
1
I;
to
O
I
1
xl
�1
H
1
I
H
I
1
�
I
N
I
� W
I
0
1
l+
1
p 3
I
p o
1
yW
O
7 -L'
1
'U
1
PI 6
1
O C4 co
1
H R
1
W H
1
n.
P4 wd
¢ C7
1
H rn
I
H r4 G
1
z w o
1
6 H H
1
Cn
¢ N
I
O X U
I
z
1
H A
1
H w 0
p'hM
1
C
>H1
�w+11
UCL i
I
M
n n M M —4
� rC4 .7 .Y IO --I
tl o n
7.. H h
M
.7
ri
H
CA C7 7 N
N N -p CO
N N -:r CO
1 H O O
tl n
U AG
co
d
M
O
O O ON
M t` '-1 -,
•N ,M ..,0 .L/1
O r i M
tl n
a �
o
o
o
coa
,-1 _
r.i
I
o
I
N
H
O
0 o r o o a
O O O O
co 00 W W
O O O
II
U I w
M CO
.0 0
0% M
0 0
C) O
wC) �n
CT rn V) O M
Cl) M V M n CO
O O O O .-1
n n u n H
¢ w w z
H N
v 1
M n
I
cl
6 I
'N
O
H 1
O.001
� 4
'. co1
C14
N
r 1
00
co
q 1
1
tl
I
x
1
,-, w4
I
1
1
6
i
t
1
I
I
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
I
t
1
1
1
I
0)
1
rl
1
'N
I
o,a
I
r -I 8
i
�
I
H rn
I
p
1
6 m
01 �O
I
7 N
f
O t+
I
z¢I
H 1 01
I
U U
1
Hz v1
I
a 6 7
1
H P7 1+
I
mall
H N
I
qa
I
wxl
aw o
I
6 cn N
1
F F
1
H a
I
z w q
I
M W
I
¢ r
I
O O
1
H w 0
I
• C4 Lo
I
w H �
P4 7 a
1
>w o
I
U a 04
8
CV
is
.-I to
M n
.
cn'I
O
O
. 14.-1 N
Do
�I
61
oI
ul
001
NI
MI
ql
I
.n 1
x
w4 1
+-, 1
a 1
b t
w 1
+i 1
W I
+i 1
.H .1
al
t3 I
cn I
y I
�• I
I
m i
N 1
W 1
u 1
6 1
a/ I
U I
rt I
7 I
u 1
O1 'I
to 1
x1
C 1
u 1
H 1
I
G 1
W 1
� S 1
.n t
H 1
N n t
8 o
D W 1
O 1
Z x 1
c 1
F 1 01 1
U W t
H z v I
a 6 1
H a T I
w w m 1
H q I
qa 1
W u
CL)
rw � 1
wwal
H rn I
H a G 1
z w o i
4 H 14 1
rn rn 'i I
6 Co I
O C� I
z 1
H q G 1
H W O 1
W H r1 1
W > H 1
P W M 1
r) C4 I
`'�o
n I
1
B I
ca 1
wI
en I
ttl l
rl I
q 1
1
1
� 1
b 1
d I
LW
I
1
M I
H I
al
8 1
rl 1
N 1'
v 1
1
N 1
� 1
d .I
F+ I
6 I
1
ri 1
u 1.
+I 1
> I
1+ I
n I.
h 1
1.
x1'
C 1
H 7 I
z I+ I
W H 1
z 1
W H I
W 3 I
En I
� I
W I
H C I
H ++ 1
H I
a rn I
U rl I
6 p I
W
i
U EO I
H q I
fO '1 1
? 4) 1
w v 1
3 1
�q 1
z 1
6 W 1
a o 1
a 1
M 1
a d 1
6 a 1
a � 1
w o 1
z z 1
w 1
U C1 1
� I
o co 1
z E I
H -H 1
pG O I
W H 1
N a 1
a a I
V 6 1
H N
6.1
-
H q t
W . 1
a M 1
N
N N I
.'7 14 t
� O�
1
3 I
.q 1
0
C1 H
Q I
O
O
O
'n
Vl
O
- Lf)
O
•
W I
L',
Cl)
M
N
u1
r1
.o
O .
H 1
t+l
N
+
a IA 1
•w�l
OD
• N
00 I
M
a
H u 1
n
1
-1 r+
0 1
N
n
U -H t
IT
U
u
Ll
OD
rl 1
P4
O-
I
o
0
0
�.
C1 1
V
H
I
U OD 1
H q t
W . 1
a M 1
N
N N I
.'7 14 t
h
w 1
3 I
.q 1
0
H q l
O
O
co
W
II
Lr)
L',
H 1
o
5.•
H 1
' T
t+l
N
+
a IA 1
•w�l
.-i
M
a
H u 1
n
1
IT
N
+
U -H t
U
I
Ll
P4
d q 1
I
o
0
0
H H
}
V
H
I
n
U OD 1
H q t
a M 1
.'7 14 t
W N 1
3 I
.q 1
6 W i
a O 1
a 1
H 1
a ar 1
a �
•w�l
z z I
w 1
U 0!
1
N
1
o ca
I
z 6
I
o
0
0
H H
1
V
H
I
n
n
10
�O
CG o
I
• w H
I
u
n
C14
1
d
as
a CL
1
U d
1
a
O .-1
rn �
cn
m
IT,
co
s
0
N
N
a
O
rl
a
O_
u q
cc
00 .A
qw
b :$
O 6
U',-1
u x
a a0
m.
u
,4 o
V4 u
0o q
q ,-1
, b
.-14 H
H o
m u
3 u
A W
♦J
0
z
t
=7=
=77
Z7
-M,
V:
A;',
L Z
< j --- ----
N
4_
...... VOW Y�
A
Ak I- — 0, - , - " — - , , — _,� -1
n;"
t"It,
f;Ilz It
7�_�j
7_ z� 117 —1 j
_N 4-1;4 - . , "
_400
'4
q
i,
A 9 I't , F_; -11�
K) 3T
N
4- I�
oi�
00
1:4z ..wow o14
_�t � -�- -t �L ,
w%
. ............ .t
4�'
F -16 ................
J.
i%7
lk
o
A,
_U
ILT
omt
7r
t IF 4: wr
Moo
tTt
> ey �Lltl V -IA
.4.
WATERSHEDS..
FLOOD STUDY AR EA
WATERSHED BOUNDARY
INUNDATION .'AREAS
r I(
STEVENS- CREEK AL
100 YEAR, NATUR FLOOD PL N
+
E7
if DISTRICT
WATER
oI4 �Z
SOURCE:SANTA CLARA_VALLEY�
CRY c
-4 7
cuppR1610
STUDY
GENERAL -1 PLAN
<
pl=tns
dzImIrtment `28, 1975
-61,003.22 JANUARY
r 4 'd f Is, 19 Yt
Bose . 0 p Comh;tted from U SIG S Zonfour M! p ond d:Mcg By The City of.Cuperfino Department F"Ziblic Wop� Reolsed Jul
Hill Area General Plan
SCENIC RESOURCES; PARKS
0
s,
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 18, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SCENIC RESOURCES; PARKS
---------------------------------------------------- -------------
• For existing and proposed parks, see inventory under "Land Use"'.
The text for this chapter is being prepared, and certain exhibits
made reproducible. Up-to-date information on the status of parks
proposed by the Mid -Peninsula Park District will be included.
c
I*
J -•� a J v p� �f� �
��... p� I `q a Oj aye o , �� �r�q�"'/moi\r.: '♦' ,- \Aill®r7 10
I
1
Lam
Krim
--.4U GAwvaF']i1"'Ifl!
„4t j
'\ \_ ' . F-1 r 7 �� rri. �, � l�Wi:it MU-'C{,ft +.m.: E�-tE c^♦<3Fl€_..l - -3-4i.�i%ftc�� .-.... �ac,.as..ay-a•-u��sl..•..s�... - F "-� _ - -
a
u
r,
� J e
-
;u' •'cam,-,-\' ! - i _�
1_
it
,
'.+. � / ��,�/ T � 1 I � ii-Ez-.- �•. I A.- 1'• .aay� ,. ,y— I 11 'i;
' \ - c- A,. ( �-� 8 — `•: - �. 4TH ,moi : �': ,:,...a p,.
., .y f .,�-�_-_ -- � .'...-_ € •� _ of 6 tw:s. ,,,�..• '.t
= :>
•
aY,
I `F
- w2=,' � `-:-i ,2 ■l/� -� F-� r;� � --� - _) �. i N _ -dr � \ �i I' - � _ .. „,... �.�� � � r�- ` -
_ �� ,p LLLLiiJJ gj
d ,
�- �- i - .--� _ r , \� � / / �� � .-dam..- _�• D J r -,r-r_ �!"- ._ ..: :%d R:. (�^-} __- �-� 'l ..v-j/+w��ci -
..
--
\ L \
t
'.b� ` ��l .[ ,rirwr-------•-. 1 Tl ` v..�a [ y�„.�-�•s������\\�.� q':_ �•' •s�
\ .,-y ,, _ :. L• r7 j - K� mr^. +' t _:f•.-! i ( rte- _N,i �_; r ,sem ,rl
��
:> ) , mit: G
0-
4
— r
-'{ 1 • c” '-.a.:� �- _ f>. F .irk < }'r'�s
y
-- l _ i '1-�� '� _ __ - t_ •� 1 _ - 1-J •- dab
\ i {
-
u r r
-
L
zzz
•w
tv_;--`c�r`�
/. i i'!l �(r •I/ �./i - lv �� I: _ ��.\\ -� i� _ y N.f•}:_y -iid *li i\ .Ii� ' t
-��- ` k r �- � .'•\l�—! e4iY:R>�ieoi���Rlas_-...-.5�.��.LT.v,uc�+� -•- --
K ♦ 1 '^
- PUBLIC PARKS
'"�/� /��, ,\ �� ` \:-:\�L iii:. \,�i � � F�� � • < : �; °9' _ _-
MID -PENINSULA PARK DISTRICT
� ��\ _�1� ,�' �,;,�A_moi �.1;�. poo _ . �;G�v • � �FREMONT OLDER PRESERVE (option exercised)
J4_ BLACK MOUNTAIN PRESERVE (acquired)
PERMANENTE CREEK RANCH (acquired)
SANTA CLARA COUNTY
I
STEVENS CREEK PARK ( upper section developed)
SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT i m m m j
r -
' STEVENS CREEK RESERVOIR AREA (PUBLIC USE)
81,003.22
r 7 July X75
I"= 2000•
1 cit of
Cupertino
g - GENERAL PLAN STUDY
planning
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
.Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES
HISTORICAL INVENTORY OF CUPERTINO'S HILL AREA
Up until this time, Cupertino has not had a comprehensive list
of historical points of interest, places or sites,.compiled for
the.City. Following is a list of sites within the area covered
by the Hill Area General Plan that are registered on the National
and State lists as well as sites that have been part of. the Santa
Clara County inventory. There is also a list of potentially
significant historical sites in the hill area of Cupertino's
sphere of influence. As yet, none of the latter have been
certified or added to the County list. It is suggested that
these sites be considered as part of the Statewide inventory
and be submitted to the Historical Heritage Commission for approval.
List of Site/Structures of Historical Interest in the Hill Area
of Cupertino•
State of California Historical Landmarks:
Arroyo de San Joseph de Cupertino - 12/14/64
Original name of Stevens Creek. The arroyo extends from
the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains north to
.• San Francisco Bay. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza stopped
at the creek March 25, 1776. He had been commissioned by the
Spanish authorities to establish a point to be known as
Mission Dolores, San Francisco and determine the geography
---between what is now San Diego and Sonoma. The expedition
.was intended to establish a land route north to colonize
northern California and thus thwart off Russian encroach-
ment.
::S.tate of California Points of Historical Interest:
'Fremont Older Ranch
,Built and owned by Fremont Older in 1914. He was the
crusading, colorful editor of the San Francisco Examiner.
He commuted to the City from the Ranch from a special
railroad stop. A small study of his is made out of original
adobe taken from a house in San Jose. The Mid Peninsula
Regional Park has an option to buy. the Ranch.
Inventory of Historical Landmarks and Sites in Santa Clara County:
Montebello School - 11/74
A one -room schoolhouse founded by a neighborhood group,
including the Picchetti's, still functions with one teacher
and 14 pupils from kindergarten through fourth grade. Built
in 1892.
Chateau Ricardo Winery
Built 1885. Site only, no structure.
-1-
TK/tm 81,044
.April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
f HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
----------- I ------------------------------------------------
• List of Potentially Significant Historical Sites:
Picchetti Winery
Family arrived in 1872 and worked at the Villa Maria Vine-
yard. The charming house was built in 1880 and the winery
was added sometime afterward, around 1896.
Ridge Vineyard - Peroni Family
Originally 1,500 acres of productive grapes.. Still pro-
ductive commercial vineyard. The house was built in 1915.
Maryknoll School - Catholic Church Property
Significant architecture and landmark.
PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF.HISTORICAL RESOURCES
The recognition of historical resources can take two forms. There
is a certification procedure which.involves the Federal and State
governments recognition of historical sites and the inventory or
survey at both the State and local levels to aid in -identification
�.._ of all historical resources. After a resource has been identified,
• :p•roceedings can begin for registration. The following is a summary
of the three registration programs:
A. Registration
1. National Register of Historic Places. The National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 established a
funding program which would enable the National Park
Service to maintain a register of districts, sites,
.buildings, structures and objects that met the
-specified criteria. Those sites listed on the
register would be eligible for 50% matching grant-in-
aid funds for acquisition and development of projects.
'The criteria used for selecting sites for the National
Register are twofold:
a. Sites are chosen because they have retained
their integrity in terms of the fabric and
setting which .closely resembles the original
structure. Some tangible remains must be
left that are, indicative of the original
historic site. The more intact the site is.
the more chance it has of making the register.
�• b. A site is selected because it is associated
with persons or events that were significant
in the area; or it has potential for new
-2-
�0
'TR/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
information as in archaeologic sites; or
because it is representative of the type of
design or the period of construction which is
appropriate to the time of construction. A
structure built by a master builder would also
qualify for the National Register.
2. State Historical Landmarks. The most important
certification program in the State is the Landmarks
Program. Itis monitored by the California Historical
Landmarks Advisory Committee which functions as a
screening body for the Director of Parks and Recrea-
tion Department. Each landmark registered is eligible
for a landmark plaque. TheFe are approximately 860
.California historical landmarks. The criteria for
registration under this program is as follows:
a. 'Whether or not the site has overall significance
to the history of the State.
b. Whether the site is the first, last, only, most
significant or most representative of its type
in the region. This applies to the structure
or site which is deemed to be significant as
submitted by a private or governmental agency.
The original 769 registered landmarks in the State
were registered without the above criteria. Since
that time, the criteria has been established and
is used in the screening process.
3. -The State Point of Historical Interest. This program
was established to make it possible to.register sites
of local historic interest that failed to meet the
criteria for registration in California Historical
Landmarks Program. In order to..make the historical
interest list, it is necessary for the County Board
of. Supervisors in the area to approve the applica-
tion in order to verify that the site is significant
to the history of the local area.
Being placed on any of the registers does not necessarily preserve
the historical site. official action by the local jurisdiction on
acquisition of the property is necessary in order to preserve the
historical resource.
B. Inventory
There are many jurisdictions both public and private
involved in inventories and surveys of historical
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
-----------------------------------------------------------
• resources, particularly in Santa C1ara.County. The
State is conducting a Statewide survey to identify
resources of historical, archaeological and architectural
significance. The State is interested in.listing all
resources that are significant to the history of the area,
community or State, with no regard to the time of con-
struction or the age of the structure. The concern is
.that a comprehensive list be made to help in a land use
plan for the State and to have a well to draw from for
future certification. Such an inventory will be bene -
'ficial on the local level to aid in the evaluation of
developments.
-The County is conducting an inventory in conjunction
with the Statewide inventory. ,It is being handled by
_ the Historical Heritage Commission which was established
by the Board of Supervisors in March of 1973. A pre-
liminary inventory of historical landmarks in Santa Clara
County was done in 1962. Since that time, a number of
additional sites have been added; however, there is no
new comprehensive list of historical sites.
The Junior League of San Jose has.conducted an inventory
themselves .o.f.cul;t.ural, r.ecr.ea.tional and historical sites
in Santa Clara Valley. Theirs is strictly an inventory
recognizing both certified landmarks and other points
of interest that have not made any of the previous
inventory lists. This list is being expanded and will
be available to the public in the near future.
There are additionally a whole slew of historical
societies in the County. Cupertino has its own his-
torical society but they have not compiled a comprehen-
sive list of historical sites in the City: Most of
their efforts have been directed towards preserving
historical sites that exist, namely the Trianon and the
E. J. Parrish House. They have also contributed to the
folklore of the area by publishing items in the news-
paper and by means of newsletters on historical bits of
information relating to the City.
Funding Opportunities
The funding opportunities related to historical preservation are
rather limited if almost non-existent. The only registration
program which has funds attached to it is the National Register
of Historic Places. In this program, there is a 50% matching
grant made available for preservation of and acquisition of sites
listed on the National Register. The Director of the California.
State Department of Parks and Recreation has been designated
-4-
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
�I.�. HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
. -----------------------------------------------------------
as the State Historic PreservationOfficer to the National Park
Service and is assigned the responsibility of dispersing the
funds under the act and maintaining the California History Plan.
The funds are distributed to the local projects after State survey
and planning needs have been met. The distribution is as follows:
50% of the State's allocation will be retained by the State Depart-
ment of Parks and Recreation for historic preservation projects
and 50% of the allotted funds will go to local projects. Up until
this year, the amount of funds available to the State were very
limited. This year the grant has been increased and applications
have already been made and accepted for the use of the National
funds. It is suggested that if Cupertino is interested in obtaining
funds through this program that an application be made at the appro-
priate time for next year. As it stands now, the only structure
in the City that qualifies is Le Petit Trianon since it is the
only -one listed on the National Historic Register. Only those
.sites on the list are eligible for this particular grant program.
The State Bond Act of 1974 has made $90,000,000 worth of grants
available to counties and other agencies for the acquisition and
development of needed outdoor recreation and historical areas.
The City received $47,432 from the Bond Act which has been spent
on lights for the tennis court and ball field at Memorial Park.
Par.t,of ..the ,County 's .por.tiaa of the Bond_Act funds, approximately
$154,000,, has been allocated for restoring eight historic sites
in the County. None of the Cupertino sites are on the primary
list; however, a secondary list is being compiled which includes
the Parrish House and the Oakdell Ranch Tank House. These two
projects may possibly receive funds in the event that one of the
-•eight primary projects withdraws, otherwise there is no more money
available through the State Bond Program for historic preservation.
As part of the Housing and Community Development Act, the City has
allocated $20,000 to historic preservation to be distributed over
the second and third year of expenditure. As yet, no program
<has been established for the distribution of the funds.
Aside from the programs mentioned, there are no other public
funding sources for historical preservation. There are numerous
-private foundations which could possibly donate money for his-
torical preservation; however, it would be necessary for the City
or a private group to make applications to these foundations.
-5-
me"
_Xh
Y
- ng
p X6 -
u d
A
571
_y
44
3
5
4,
7
V
7jC
A
=7
-CS
4
ti
I z
r:1 �nA
Q_
R A
15z rx�61;�
-NA-a-
J
m -f �-V
_Q1 *:*
k
951A
�5
i eg— -�7 E, 4 77�
a _.. a.. _ _ - . , `. ,(_'•tt__�1� ' \__ 1 -. _ _ ,. 4 \,..ns°�!.!-`t•fy'i`'€ _ .v� " z_. -3 -t -W
f, �tt=_
Al
Q7 -
_Q1
41 Lt
k -r
�4_4�
E -3
li lk
--f ra
.......... t. -114
_X
- �mz_
_ - -. __ - _ � _ _ ��,�- ':: .._ �t \ _t - pJ- �" _ Ec ,x > "- ,+ ( ��:' - Y/ - `r.'� 'ia_ _ _ - - _ 'ice `w.Zs - _"-;�'..
710'
V
�J` � ) ' ♦ '�' �.. -. - - y __ __ �-� > - ! .') - (--[ _ - =.az- _ -may +[P-_=�� - - r'rr<-'e'+•.` ia: __y�� �_+ _ _s+� -
toe tL
JKCI v
tV
r
SURVEY OF HISTORICAL SITES IN CUPERTINO
POTENTIAL
A-1 POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST
k A ESTABLISHED
P0jNTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST
fA PICCHETTI WINERY LE PETIT TRIANON
B ARROYO DE SAN JOSEPH DE CUPERTINO 2 RIDGE VINEYARD
79
C ENCAMPMENT 93 -(Arroyo do Son Joseph de Cupertino) 3 BARN a WATER TOWER
D J, DE ORO CLUB 4 CHARLIE BAER BLACKSMITH SHOP
D
E E.J. PARRISH HOUSE 5 OLD HOUSE IN MONTA VISTA
F BEAULIEU WINERY 6 MARY KNOLL SCHOOL
>v a G MONTEBELLO SCHOOL 7 ELI HA STEPHENS HOMESTEAD
Op I
xl I r
j--\ w 8 J.T. DOYLE fiOME AND WINERY
CHATEAU RICARDO WINERY
TANK HOUSE -(Nathan Hall Property)
L
J GLENDENNING HOUSE
A
S_
, >1w
K FREMONT OLDER RANCH
l"Z2000, TK/mc 28 MARCH '75 81 ,044.2
chv
!!,14
dep2rLment
GENERAL PLAN STUDY
n
Hill Area General Plan
AIR QUALITY
r�
V
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 18, 1975
Hill Area General Plan „
AIR QUALITY.
----------------------------------------------------------------
A verbal statement will be made on April 21; certain exhibits
describing climatological factors will be prepared later.
L
4
Hill Area General Plan
10. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
C.
\•
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 18, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The Planning Commission has heard the very comprehensive report
of Peter Lert on the agricultural resources.(or non -resources)
in the hill study area. A rough transcript of tape recording
exists. A properly edited text will be completed later.
0
L
— r . -e
._. `. _ _ ,f< ,1.6.-. .,. .}: '�,.�_• - :ter.: �" •# f-`+- - - _
_ '� t-...�. ice,: ME
=�>
-
i�l. -
OEM_
y ( -
, -, Z" �
.. (~v ii
�7'��,•"3 .... ". .. , v f_--? f ��—��c_.
VVi��1
_ _ �.r;r :W-- a 1}-c. - r - - i•. _v. _
- ?_ :a' '-J� e _ " _ _ _ _ - �
,
,
in
`�:tt-
-.... -`-,- ,. /' .4 e ,. � f "- R♦ � : =k'. _� -+.. ��-r Y -" b+yr .+�._ _... ._. 4 t. •L Fv _ - moi.` F ^: _ j :LE i. `--ii_.1 E.-1-� -
..:,.,-_. yam.. _." 3... V ✓.. <, -v "�:, - _.s--} _... '<t , ° - , t, .z _ - - -
__tj
-
._ at` tom. s
-: "-. :-. .: :'b -T .. .\ -, � �.... r,. --s.. \" - -_._: •.+.,:.Y �-N �t �. .. �:6; - -�..
J(-a4-
✓ :y-" � `g� .._.y '�. G" �.. S�' i+I' `K i1_ t , �:=-..?.. I;.T'a. P - - - :¢- - f
\ _ ,- -.., ". ,.. r=" .,, .. (g^,'- F- 4- ��r-'*^--=-"-.-, -. :._ "".; ."-->r:-" C .:fJ�P.��l.�.. t'..�t: ��.-- t}j�' - -- -;�•, � tj "t!"
L1sY`�„a50,
- �^'^_-t��' _ �a1 ._ •-� _ � � .7
_ � � i _ �' : � . d- ",fes. >� - '� rF'•"aJ� - - :-. =+ ;'. �°
r”
/.._ - r -:..-A _- :. 4. � _ _ . _ ;.: : ., ...q ,� t `E t•:,.i?�w ••fGG`�-:♦:Y`.��''..- J9'f-'x.�_�_ .f -
_".,.,.. . \_., .-.. .1",.i,'.^, +yI .�. : .� �.. � - "�./ _,. s:". �,�. �<� ��_1. �. " ,\ � __.- . y �;�: h-,�,'..,�.. ` l`-'-�." ......, �:. - 1.a._:'rt'�"�_t .. :-t..•.._t.tr4„, �.�,.,..�#.��i.i_ ,...,.�. .�,�--._-„-..�1'dp*..•^s•. .r-:=- (.te.,t'-..: T3 .">,r...a.,�., - .4a,_: �-.-�.--t: ;��. :^�_ „-”t _ � : 'i" . ivy. '�.."-,3 .._--
t� 1�i :.'l•:" =-t�-=rr._s �"-1100
— a
-- (C � `Jt. �r '- :: -e.3.a�.�.. *`<-' .-... =.� ( t �.' - -)'r!\.. �. ;�t<:. ,s•�:\. -. �'�,Ga ,. y` -.a. €\-i !� \ ��g.-.�.,. .4-c ,•-. .�\,`-�` �jV .-:-tI'.. -'�.�{.-1��" �. J��r'•�`' -'-' `-� �- ��i F� . :-.:.fir;.�t-.-.su.r_ar(��: :iI(. _ E�.—�Jt -:1_--�' " __,.."`-:" Ftr. ,u-.._sa. .t_ryd=�, `f •(,r�r;'�te_.- ._'�,r�.. ',f_.��1�- •.t .-r -ter ,: •tk � ---. "-1-- -� �,31c•-._. y�tt _A
.t -s �-- -.--•-^ "� k'.r ci_ - 1t`•__�:-�t. =.:_�3.�.'.t�--,��_- _s - - - ir _4��n� �-f;}�_�
_-
t
_ F�_ �t. '� a :.: �_.�..r t f t __ - -..t C_.'I(1' -'� r}''.'40r' - •j/ "1 f"� �R ''�'F "l-- _ -
Y ti '� .. ..; .. .: ,�w- .,iyF�:.f,S" fit\- �L,...-r ":=s .��t� `._Ls ". a_. •--'�-_>�.� - -:F �r.-!"b-�J��_i� I,- - --_ '- �'if :. �^
a-• 4
` c_ :✓r 'l ( - E t.^r _�.', I.r." r:l+. k :`., _ - .31 . `� �r - f. _,
't;._ "}f k.. _, _[ } tiF. E .r. t. r:. _ _t-: .�
- - --i ". t"'♦� , , Y) /.l _.toi.. 1,.. . "� '�- tNp�. _ .43� - i-.. Rr-=.".�._,{-- -�•
k ) �r it
J.�. �. �._ • �r�
-.� '1 , . - � _ .. .`, �, . ..'✓} _..:.. _ .. �l��.� n '- z ..: ; y�L.££." h'-.v.S .-1.-�E.IE.., ���-.a.� u• -k �-..��%_<_...�.I� t- -- -s�� a � ^f�� .:3.�=. �
:>
/
f _
F
h
♦(!µ
-
:. ,► -1. ," -_�" :: e -, .._,.". : .: "�''`� . -: l:St_ ": ': _Y_J r,�_ fes- �� v. .t :.__ r �'". i - .-'e. .:,f - - - � c'4 .L -, i'�'�r_ ,t ,z::�•
�I
_
-
p
i
�: - t. - '�`?� y.p. "NJ [t i' :•ia.'�: "� � j(�C-/f\ �� �i�? 6h _ �:' - -_ '"'��i.�. � 't= I,i :�y� - �. i-� �l�- - -
',�,'v-'_'i-..• - -fit.• F--.�'d: \- _ �..(..� 4.`. "!j`.� R,- ^,^�-i -r Lei L �G �"M_ N. 1-. 4t._ i�-iii F: •i ��r .�
'yam "�\ �-~ .] �{`�, � j[ / Fyj r., � •_h" 1
'! �{, (_" "i Tt. _ T__. (� X � rF�t ! N.. -J' �F�'. �- .,�+Cj. �tti {.� � _ _ . _.,wi. ��T � -:�f�; . ,�Y' ti=t i -. ".—.•v" P r "F� �+
-�_a.ae.� \ 7i �, - ..-<
t: .e`41�,". �\ - � �* .
., .y r .A S
�! �LS '{'��.. .� �"��lfti .i -k c_ :�' - t Y. ": �— r ( ^+_'�-_�.'-�t� `7 _ - _'_`�"� __ •� f__1 '�'-a_ Ff - - — -•�f' l=J
.✓�. ,J f art _ � , . '.�`�`�. ,. � _: .o �t�. C�C—�a- -•' � _ _ 1 f _ t__ .. .:E-�C-�7�, _ �T
' _ =".' �- - Zr..� .:;, `�� � ,?�;•� 'a`.�.\'� _ .- , ,:_ fir... _, ... - � �'-_ ... - - = - /-'
.-.',. :� `:.; ,: "'i`t•-"�-\. - err, '``\ •�::3.c7t' 'a�='� - r� - o - 4 40
t[+4
r .k-: � i- •a..,o_-."' , '� saa�rli•'_.r .�I_� -. '� t :� --t '- .,\�--s].
1 xtta
_, �.`, � t �.�_,� f. '�-.-'� t;_�";., • - _-
��: - 1 _ - _ _- - _ - _ - -%s' ��i j ,, s.� "'tF-' •f i -
_ - 7 `� t'- mac- �-� �� _:,`tt� "if �•`7
f.`�♦ a •:3� ! � � �: � =,.' �\... -: f"�� - �1-•-' j.l kyr.-�.
Il ♦ - 1� t/��� \ i! ��/�/\ s - a` . {y;'.s 11 F
y` �. - L -r i'trF E �z
- - �i -" `f✓'•)i:, - - �„,�".-j y'�.`\,. - .c r `._"", --i , .-T-e'� i '1 "j �" - _� 1 L. 2'"j' �:: • _ lk
`-woo too ), / - _ i- _ -`R•• CY a• "E��4:: \ rr-_ - -I'
i, _ 9 94•. - - 11 1-r •�':.
y '
re/. 444° x �' `�♦ /��)� o i'; ',". I ji, ��— lz-`~•_.r t�% .-4 '� �� •�-, „ e - 'r_ � J � a ` ! � 'l �` •� _ - �_- �- f E
7
Q o� ` �•i 1�^G_.' ¢--!t r�. zF_ _} 'y,.: - I,c '� L —�. r' ��-i-_- _�
'7:Vr" rn`-
�'
j
Moo _ ♦ �I / -' t � - \t �.?-� , - � . /�,,� �'�- -�_. - '' T'�•;-,,r ["�., t-�+ti �t`iq�\/i r� i!r'F_�'H%, �. > :`- � r`�// "= i � !_i' _ ->�"" ".it�as��-
a♦ - : �� ! _: Haat .!Y _ \� _ _ _ ~_ __ - F� ,t��->='-Yt-' - ! �'\' .�:f� 1^r -. � Sik �_ /:�- 1 '`-�3
/fib -1�- � 49 �\ \i Y,v\fid � �-- �K-" te'�r�11•"-e-,. �i?.�{�.+�F�.•i: 'i jr {i2-€�! '�' - - ...�.-1
i '- -- o0.b .� - - - � "nU(E�^-rm'rl _ r �' j _ t �r�i• _t+�'.'f" � �`- >• ` � f >�;- � _ _ - ■
i �' (/ � � L/\' ,{; r ! �_�_ �� _ � _ # "'["�_ i . rt •fit -1 � .f'f"- - r.♦
��_ � � � ��� ) r � .",r„ _ 1. • ".�." y�i ._7 _ _ e} '�1[ [� 3 jt �-�.-r `�r_-IL_.iiti w ;��� � j �": �i.-__
p l E_r,`.-/ll-%7F
.. ! c '/.� ,/��'' j5� �`- 4�y. si � _ ii ( '"••,s • t A( t' •,w„y..:.� '?�iy`` i =1�. F' ::Y' -. f� J�i:.t _
V1 ` ___ e Y _'1T� 1�-� l ' .:��. .r$..-qc*�F� ` � �` . z` T ('-�"...:.- [� ��. _L"�.._ •R'/t-r{ �,��r� � r,--_. 3 �-3'
� .v" c � \ \ � l � `'- l �u o'�s>�,}}..� wi' w •�'�`.•=)E� -� kJ �� �'-.' r k 7" �~ _ _, f�:�:' "tl��
� O - _w \ � `'3 � 1 � 4 �1. Yzf.r. lj�'.pwf t� � 1 i �r.• -.�� 1 r � ��._-tl. , � -,t ��� -_�2; ��I Yf �? i—u_"-1 �l�T
l .1:i� / � `\ 1;I r��J / " ��. �•i•4 1 y T�� v -f � t ""���� TTT _ _
��`�\ is i • S s7 @ ({tt "�- -. 4�r
t'�I
'+ KL
,;fft�`iir,'t^'-
/` N00 _ o /�� '\._:-\ ♦ -j \\. .� / tiJ� 0 1. •.Li 1,s :yr. '. Sj"_:- Y•L `r T�"� C T � '� 1:1'��F/-�- -
\ .2-'! -�\ �� _ � :h-- ->s✓ y�s- �`� �:. , LJ= ii -'7.�}}G � - �� ';f--, ���`. ��5':t - �'^. 77_�• ti.�i 6
..��1�\ r+oo . J .p,'4 -I / tl� l I _ - ,:!1'.�,,.*'`." ,�"Lsf,.•y "�"'r (, ¢Ile`j t t;jf� :LE -..."1 ( 3r_a
-
- ",' � .1:' J - _'�` 'r4 \ I "\\- ` �"`�yt- �•�`'--',c !.L_ �-'��'J 'i"...�rF.� x� �tF"tet- `�1Lr1-� - --- ,: ��;��./"" _-
t
mil l, �
/
-
�= AGRICULTURAL USES
.� y,\(�, G GREENHOUSE
LANDS UNDER 'W ILLIAMSO
"
v L.. ACT CONTRACT
i ;!� . � ��� .- � ��p��;��� i� _ i t�< _ / ;i _ gyp• -. _ � - -
v'� At.� PRESENT AGRICULTURAL USE
1 �l, it��li �� IJ/ I��/lr � ���sa?�✓,� �• y��" '�-"'iA y -�� _ 'L_ r r "
a ) 7 _ ) i ' N a4 `��-� \ .•) \5 :. O " 0 _ 5000` 10,000•.
CRY io
C� -
cupert"uGENERAL PLAN STUDY
dUanment DATE,: March 3, 1975 FILE NO -81,003.22 AL/TG I'•=2,000 ['2400
•
Hill Area General Plan
11. MINERAL RESOURCES
106
Hill Area General Plan
MINERAL RESOURCES
,. +
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
The hill area within Cupertino's sphere of influence contains
a major deposit of limestone, quarried for manufacturing of
cement. There is also a large quarry producing crushed rock.
Gravel and sand deposits are not quarried at present.
An Environmental Geologic Analysis of the Montebello Ridge Study
Area was made by the California Division of Mines and Geology
in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department.
This extensive study is utilized for the Mineral Resources and
Geologic Stability sections of the Hill Area General Plan.
Mineral Resources
The Environmental Geological Analysis of Montebello Ridge Study
Area states:
"Muchof the study area is underlain by rocks that are
potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock.
Because much' of the potential resources use lies outside
the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource
value was not made for this limited study.
I -f 'residen'tial development continues to proceed as in the
past, more of these potential mineral resources will be
covered by homes without regard to the concomitant loss
of mineral resources.
Recommendation --'A countywide or regional mineral resources
study should be made to evaluate the future need for and
value of available specific mineral resources. This study
would of necessity have to be integrated with County and
local policies on population and industrial growth. Local
land use decisions then could include these resource value
:.data in balancing values gained against values lost for any
particular development. Environmental impact studies also
would have need for these data. The desirability and feasi-
bility of extracting these materials for export from the area
might also be considered.
The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted
Jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data
in this regard."
It seems that until more exact figures for the value of the mineral.
resources is available, known substantial resources should be pro-
tected by inclusion in a non-residential Mineral Resources Area in
the General Plan.
-1-
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
---------------------------
Limestone
The Geological Analysis states:
"Limestone -- Deposits of limestone and interbedded chert
exist as minor but significant units within the Franciscan
rocks. These limestone -chert units have been used in the
past for cement manufacture, crushed rock and sugar re-
fining. Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corporation is mining
-one of these deposits in the Permanente Creek drainage.
Products include limestone for cement manufacture, and
limestone -chert for crushed rock material. Until 1951,
high-grade limestone also was produced for the sugar re-
fining industry. Although this deposit was worked as
early as 1900 (for beet sugar refining material), the
current large-scale open pit operation was begun in 1939
by Permanente Cement Company (now Kaiser Cement and Gypsum
Corp.) to supply more than 6.5 million barrels of cement
for.construction of Shasta Dam (Hart, in press).
The Permanente Creek deposit is the largest known lime-
stone deposit within the Franciscan rocks in the Coast
R,an.ges (Walker, 1950). Its present surface exposure covers
a generally triangular area, the sides of which measure
approximately 3000' x 3500' x 4000'. Most of the deposit
is situated on the north side of Permanente Creek, where
the large open pit is being developed. The maximum vertical
dimension of the deposit is difficult to estimate, because
it is deformed by a complex series of faults and folds. At
present, approximately 600 vertical feet of the deposit are
exposed in the open pit. Exploratory drill holes indicate
that part of the deposit extends further downward (Kaiser
Cement and Gypsum Corp., oral communication)."
Crushed Rock
The Geological Analysis states:
"Crushed Rock ---Material sold as crushed rock is used for
a variety of purposes including (in order of decreasing
quality of material) concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate,
road base, and fill. High quality material must be hard,
resistant to abrasion, and non-reac.tive when suspended in
a cement or asphalt medium. In the study area, the highest
quality crushed rock is the limestone -chert material produced
as a by-product of the Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp. opera-
, • tion at Permanente Creek, and used for aggregate and road
1;i;. base.
-2-
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
i MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
'' • -------------------------------------------------------------
The Neary Quarry adjacent to Los Altos Hills, and the
Stevens Creek Quarry northwest of. Stevens Creek Reservoir
now produce. crushed rock material for road base and fill.
Both the Neary and Stevens Creek Quarries are located in
volcanic rock units of the Franciscan rocks."
The potential for quarrying of crushed rock exists in many loca-
tions of the study area. It seems that a proposed Mineral
Resources Area (which includes all'operational quarries in the
study area) should cover a sufficiently large area to provide
this raw material.
Sand and Gravel
---------------
The Geological Analysis states:
"Sand and Gravel -- In commercial terms, 'sand and gravel'
refers to those naturally fragmental materials whose rock
and mineral fragments are commonly rounded and range in
diameter from 0.003 inches to 3 1/2 inches. Those materials
are used f'or much the same construction purposes as crushed
rock.
C
No production of this commodity occurs currently in the
study area, except for intermittent operation of the former
'Voss Quarry' at the northcaest edge of Stevens Creek Reser-
voir. This quarry and two abandoned quarries downstream
formerly produced sand and gravel.from the Stevens Creek
member of the Santa Clara Formation. These materials were
crushed and used for road base, cement -treated road base,
and fill (Goldman, 1964)."
Note
Abandoned quarries may be used for several recreational purposes,
such as an open-air summer theater, a drive-in theater, an
athletic stadium, a rifle range; the latter use is common and
exists within the study area.
It is difficult to determine whether abandoned sand gravel pits
should be considered permanently abandoned and, consequently,
designed as a recreational area. It seems best to designate the
area as a Mineral Resources Area with recreational uses permitted..
-3-
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
�• MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
-----------------------------------------.--------------------
The Mineral Resources Area shown on the Land Use map encompasses
the known limestone deposits, the existing crushed rock quarry,
and an area of gravel and sand deposits not quarried at present.
The area also includes a buffer area, generally to the nearest
ridge line. The delineated area is somewhat smaller than the
Natural Resources area in the tentatively adopted Conservation
Element of Cupertino's General Plan, but larger than the area
indicated by the Montebello Ridge Study; the latter does not
include buffer areas.
-4-
Hill Area General Plan
12. VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
�o
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Rill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
---------------------------
Vegetation and wildlife have been studied on a countywide basis.
Somewhat more detailed mapping of vegetation was made as a part
of the Montebello Ridge Study, which encompassed all the hill
area within Cupertino's sphere of influence. (This map is not
reproducible.)
Wildlife in the study area is varied but not so abundant that
hunting would be an economic factor. Agriculture is almost
non-existent in this area. Discussions with the California
Department of Agriculture indicate that agricultural activities
in this hill area could not compete with other areas; even the
growing of Christmas trees would be more advantageous in areas
with more rainfall. Grazing has no great economic importance,
except as part of riding stable operations.
Except for the fact that protection of vegetation is economically
important because it helps prevent landslides and silting, the
main reason for conservation of wildlife, trees and plants is
the belief that living in completely sterile and artificial
surroundings damages mankind and society.
Any development, even of parks, will lessen the area which can
• support wildlife and vegetation, and will diminish the number of
individuals of each species. Some species will retire entirely
from the confrontation with man, others will be able to share
the area, even if in fewer numbers.
The low residential density and the County and Peninsula park
systems will preserve most of the wildlife and vegetation. - The
inventory and mapping by the County Planning Department has not
disclosed any species which are unique to the area or any other
specific localized habitats. Therefore, it seems that wildlife
or plant reserves can be provided within the park areas.
Most of the area is brushland, but there are areas with larger
trees such as oaks and conifers. Repeated inquiries have failed
to establish for certain whether Montebello Ridge and the lower
hills close to the valley once were forested and eventually logged.
It•seems likely, however, that they were predominantly brush -
land in historic times, and have been partly converted to grass-
land by grazing. - A forestation program may be considered
desirable as it would increase stability in the soil, consume
carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and provide shade and recrea-
tion areas, but may not be economically feasible. Also, it
would, of course, change the character of the hills.
-1-
AL/jk 81,003.22
- July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
--------------------------------------------------------------
• Higher residential density results in an increasing number of dogs
and cats and, consequently, an increasing peril to wildlife.
Keeping of horses on residential lots may be considered in char-
acter with the hill development, and this possibility is indeed a
major incentive for people buying homes in hill areas. It is assumed
that this practice would-be permitted in the study area, with certain
limitations on lot area and location of stables. However, grazing
by horses effects changes in vegetation and wildlife.
Attachments:
1.' List of Natural Communities, from "A Rlan for the Conservation
Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County"
(November 1973).
2. Excerpt from a Draft Environmental Report (by ENVIROS, Aug. 12,
1974) on a specific 20 -acre site located at Voss Avenue on the
fringe of the hill area. The ecology described in this report
may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which strad-
dles the boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter
valley area.
• 3. Schematic map indicating dominant type of vegetation, adapted
from a non -reproducible map compiled by the Planning Department
of Santa Clara County.
•
-2-
AL/jk 81,003.22
July 3, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
.EXCERPT FROM SANTA CLARA COUNTY'S PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
• ----------------
-------^----------------^--------------------------
-In "A Plan for the Conservation of Resources, an element of the
General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973), Thomas Harvey,
Diane Conradson, Viola Kenk and S. W. Strand identify the following
natural communities within Cupertino's sphere of influence:
FRESH WATER ASSOCIATED, permanent: -
"
it of , intermittent:
flowing: -
"
to to , wet soil: -
n " "
r
GRASSLAND
"
CHAPARRAL
to
• FOOTHILL WOODLAND
MIXED EVERGREEN FOREST
CONIFEROUS*** FOREST
SERPENTINE**** AREAS
ROCKY OUTCROPS
" " —
Lakes (reservoirs)
Seasonal marshes
Live streams
Intermittent streams
Riparian*lands in valley
floor
" canyons
Outer coast range grassland
Inner of
" If
Hard chaparral** in dry
location
Soft " wet
location
- Redwood forest
The County Plan also indicates habitats of deer and of San
Francisco Garter Snakes within Cupertino's sphere of influence.
Powerline clearings are indicated as major deer transit areas.
* Riparian
** Chaparral
• *** Coniferous
**** Serpentine
- located on the bank of a stream.
- a thicket of stiff or thorny shrubs and
small trees.
- cone -bearing.
- plants associated with weathered serpentine
rock.
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
• Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
Excerpt from DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT, San Carlos Homes, Voss Avenue Project
prepared for the City of Cupertino by ENVIROS, August 12, 1974
Note
The following is quoted from an Environmental Impact Report on a specific
20 -acre site located on the fringe of the hill area. The described ecology
may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area,.which straddlesthe
boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter,valley area. A
few references to specific.locations and acreage have been omitted in this
quotation.
Plant and Fauna Associations
The site is an intermediate area between the flat valley floor and the
peninsula hills. Not only is the site intermediate in terms of topography
but also in terms of vegetation cover. The area in broad terms may be
referred to as the ecotone between urban ecosystem of the Santa Clara Valley
and the "natural" foothill woodland plant community of the peninsula hills.
Another way of looking at the area is as a kind of buffer zone between the
two different if not conflicting ecosystems.
• The ground surfaces within the project area may be divided into five major
divisions on the basis of vegetation.. On the lower, eastern portion of the
well as.native trees are the characteristic
site, grasses and introduced as
plants. The upper portion, the western or hillside, is covered by woody
plants brush and two distinct woodland associations. In the northwest corner
is a small pond. As is the case in almost all natural systems, zones of
interaction and mixing are common. These ecotones are important in con-
sidering long range changes taking place in the,different associations as
well as the entire system.
n
Foothill Woodlands
This plant community is characterized by scattered trees with an undergrowth
consisting insome areas of almost exclusively herbaceous plants, grasses and
low shrubs; while in other areas trees may be dense,.with scattered shrubs
underneath. A number of herbaceous plants are common.
Grass
The vegetation element distinguished as grass is by far the most common on the
project site. The dominant species are Yellow star thistle (Centaurea
solstitialis), Yellow Mustard (Brassica campestris), Filaree (Erodium spp.),
Wild.oat (Avena fatua) and Ryegrass (Lolium spp.). It is these species along
with several others, represented in lesser numbers. A list of species found
in lesser quantities follows:
-1-
81,003.22
..July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
. VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
U
rnmmnn Nama
Curly dock
Bur clover
Bull mallow
Foxtail
Fescue
Plantain
Amaranth
Wild radish
Morning glory
Artichoke thistle
Common groundsel
Scientific Name
Rumex crispus
Medicago hispida
Malva nicaeensis
Hordewn spp.
Festuca spp.
Plantago laceolata
Amaranthus spp.
Raphanus sativus
Convolvulus spp.
Cynara cardunculus
Senecio vulgaris
The area of the grass element was previously used as a pasture. At an
earlier time cattle were also kept in this area. Two consequences of this
earlier use are of importance in the present vegetation element: (1) the
grass species are largely introduced. Such species are well adapted to the
environmental conditions of the area and as such have become well established.
(2) These introduced species are well adapted to a disturbed environment.
Disturbance, common -at the urban fringe, has long been an important environ-
mental factor in this area and is the result of use for grazing as well as
development of adjacent areas for orchards.
Closed Oak Woodland
This vegetation element is the second most common on the site. It is the
closed oak woodland which is seen from the valley floor. Dominant species
are Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Valley oak (Quercus lobata),
California laurel (Umbelularia californica) and Black walnut (Juglans
californica). The Coast live oak is however the most common and forms the
major element in the.upper canopy or overstory.. The term closed oak woodland
is used to distinguish this element from the oak woodland which usually has
trees widely spaced with many open areas of grass covering the intermediate
areas. In this closed woodland the trees are found growing close enough
together as to form an almost completely closed canopy. Under this canopy
a second story or layer of shrubs is common. The understory is characterized
by several shrubs most common of which are Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia).
Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coyote bush
(Baccharis pilularis). The ground layer is composed of many of the same
species found in the grassland element.
This woodland element forms a complex mosaic. Along its eastern margin it
grades into the oak woodland which is characterised by scattered oaks and
grassland.
-2-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
• Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
Plants of the Closed Oak Woodland Element:
Common Name Scientific Name
Buckeye
Aesculus californica
Buckbrush
Ceanothus cuneatus
Red bud
Cercis occidentalis
Yerba Santa
Eriodictyon californicum
Gooseberry
Ribes spp.
Wild rose
Rosa californica
The major element of disturbance in this element has in the past been, and
will continue to be, fire. Like much of the foothill woodland vegetation
this portion has become adapted to periodic fires, keeping the second story
to a minimum.
en Oak Woodland.
The open woodland, often when found covering large areas known as savanna,
is a sort of half -way country between the foothill woodland and the grass-
land. The dominant species in this element are Coast live oak (Quercus
• agrifolia) and Valley oak (Quercus lobata). Trees are generally widely
spaced with open grass areas between individual trees. Trees are found
individually or in small clumps. No intermediate or second story is found
in this element. The overstory of oaks and ground layer of grasses con-
stitute the vertical composition of this element.
Under natural conditions this element was influenced by periodic fires.
Such fires, like those in the foothill woodland, kept an understory of
brush from developing. With the reduction in fires this element has under-
gone notable change. Perhaps the most important change has been the replace-
ment of native grasses by introduced species. Cattle which were allowed to
roam the hills at will are in large part responsible for the shift from the
native grasses to introduced species. The native species, though adapted to
fire, were not able to withstand repeated grazing.
Brush.
The brush element covers only a small part of the site. It is largely
confined to the area around a small pond and on an abandoned dam. The
dominant species which compose this element are Coyote bush (Baccharis
pilularis), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.) and
Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa). Several thickets composed of Poison Oak (Rhus
diversiloba), Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) and Wild rose (Rosa
californica) are present.
• The brush element is a good example of a successional stage between the
grassland and the foothill woodland. Several small Coyote bush (Baccharis
pilularis) plants have become established in the lower part of the property
suggesting that the successional process has started. The development of
-3-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by'ENVIROS (cont'd.)
brush can be seen as a result of decreased fire and grazing on the project
site and surrounding area. The brush element is well developed to the west
and along with the foothill woodland element comprise the dominant hillside
vegetation cover.
Ponds.
A small pond fed by an intermittent stream and located in the northwestern
portion of the site is only about 0.2 acres in area. It was probably used
for irrigation water and as a water supply for the cattle and horses which
were allowed to graze the hillsides. The pond is not maintained and as
such supports a dense growth of cattail (Typha spp.), Tule (Scirpus spp.),
Spike rush(Heleochairs spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.). The pond itself is
choked with a heavy growth of algae.
Because of the intermittent nature of the stream the level of the water
is subject to considerable change. On the basis of past water lines it
would appear that the water level may change more than six feet between
high and low level.
At one time another man-made pond existed on the property. This pond
• was located between the open oak woodland and the closed oak woodland.
At this time the pond has no water in it and is undergoing succession
from grass to brush. Several large Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis)
plants are established in the old pond. The dam has already been colonized
by several brush species. It is unlikely that water remains in this pond
for any length of time, since the watershed area is amall and the dam is
in disrepair.
Introduced Species
There are several introduced trees probably planted around a house.
Those identified were English walnut (Juglans regia), Fig (Fiscus spp.),
Silk tree (Albizzia spp.), Pepper tree (Schinus spp.) and Deodar cedar
(Cedrus deodara). These trees are in a state of decline.
Also located along the southern part of the project site are several
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). This introduced tree appears to be
well adapted to the area. All are in good condition despite adverse
conditions during the past two winters.
Wildlife.
Only a few of the total possible variety of animals to inhabit.the area
were observed on the two visits. Shy animals, or animals with highly
specialized habitat requirements have probably already disappeared.
• Grazing has caused further disruption. Yet a third disruptive element
is the Permanente cement plant. These three factors have resulted in
-4-
•
I •
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
considerable disturbance both on the project site and in the adjacent area.
A list of animals one might find on the project site follows:
Amphibians
Slender salamander
Western spadefoot toad
Pacific treefrog
Bullfrog
Western toad
Reptiles
Fence lizard
Alligator lizard
Gopher snake
Garter snake
Pond turtle
Ringneck snake
Kingsnake
Coast garter snake
Rattlesnake
Mammals
Opossum
Raccoon
Skunk
Ground squirrel
Gopher.
California mole
Bats
Weasel
Coyote
Bobcat
Rats
Mice
Jackrabbit
Black -tailed deer
Open Oak Closed Oak
Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond
X X X X
X X
X X X
X
X X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X
X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
-5-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
� 1
U
On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available
literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered
plants or animals
Food Chains
The 'transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with
repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At
each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps
as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited
usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available
energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins
with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The
detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through
detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur
in complex interlocking patterns. In natural.systems all those organisms
which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level.
All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second,
carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth
level.
-6-
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
(cont'd.)
•
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project,
----------- ------------------------------------------------------------
by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
Open Oak
Closed Oak
Grassland
Woodland
Woodland
Brush
Pond
Birds
Mallard duck
X
Coots
X
Quail
X
X
X
Pigeons
X
X
X
X
Doves
X
X
X
X
Owls
X
X
X
Swifts
X
X
X
X
Hummingbirds
X
X
X
X
Flycatchers
X
X
X
X
X
Swallows
X
X
X
X
Jays
X
X
X
Magpies
X.
X
X
Red tail hawk
X
X
X
X
Crows
X
X
X
X
Wrens
X
X
Mockingbirds
X
X
X
.X
Finches
X
X
X
Blackbirds
X
X
X
X
•
Sparrows
X
X
X
X
Robin
X
X
X
Meadowlark
X-
X
� 1
U
On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available
literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered
plants or animals
Food Chains
The 'transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with
repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At
each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps
as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited
usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available
energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins
with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The
detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through
detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur
in complex interlocking patterns. In natural.systems all those organisms
which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level.
All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second,
carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth
level.
-6-
81,003.22.
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
• Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
On the basis of the possible species list one might envisage a food chain
of the following kind: Oak acorn --Ground squirrel --Gopher snake --Red tail hawk.
The number of possible diverse and interlocking food chains is considerable.
It should be emphasized that with Man food chains are subject to considerable
disruption and dislocation. In this area alone man has caused the disappearance
of the Grizzley bear and probably the Mountain lion. This has resulted in the
removal of the top level of the chain. What this means is that herbivores,
such as deer; now have no natural enemy and their populations are allowed to
increase beyond natural limits. Man has to a very limited degree replaced the
upper level carnivores, but all too often his predation is misdirected. The
possible food chain could at any point include man, unfortunately it has often
included man at the top since it is not uncommon, though illegal, that people
will shoot Red tail hawks.
Impacts and Mitigation
In all probability the major damage has already been done. The proposed
development will only increase the degree of that impact. Since the property
has been used for grazing, has been surrounded by orchards which have now been
replaced with houses and has a cement plant just to the west the most significant
damage has been done. What remains is also subject to adverse impact. Vegeta-
tion destruction would be greatest and most permanent if development is allowed
• on the hills. Open Oak Woodland will be the most impacted. The Closed Oak
Woodland, because of its location on the steeper hillsides, would be less
impacted. Generally, most of the.oaks near the pond are in fair to good health,
particularly the live oaks. Several of the deciduous oaks are in poor health
with insect damage noted in the crowns. On the southwest portion, the oaks
are in fair health; a number of trees had thinning crowns and numerous dead
small branches and twigs. It is this habitat which probably supports the
largest wildlife populations and it is therefore'fortunate that it is found
in areas unsuited for development.
In landscaping, the developer should emphasize the use of native species. These
require less care and in the long run will be more suitable to the climatic
changes which have recently caused so much concern in the Bay Area. Further, -
the use of native species would provide food and other habitat requirements
for native animal species displaced in the process of development.
The destruction of vegetation is the greatest potential threat to wildlife.
This is because all animals are dependent on plants either directly or
indirectly for food and cover, and because any environmental change is reflected
in the vegetation it is useful to think of animals as associated with the major
vegetation elements. Each animal will respond to change in its own way; few
generalizations concerning impact can be made. Also it should be remembered
that unlike plants, animals are not restricted to a given site, and can move
in response to change. Such movement is however restricted to suitable
habitats if such exist in the surrounding area. The animal, faced with
• adverse environmental change, must move or die. If an adjacent habitat is
-7-
81,003.22.
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
occupied by another individual one must give way to the other. In the natural
environment only so many individuals of a given species are able to feed and
reproduce in a limited area. Further development will probably result in
reductions in the number of reptiles, they will be forced further up the hill.
If Coyote and Bobcat are in the area they will also be forced further away
from the valley. Birds which will suffer from development will include the
Red tail hawk. Most of the species now in the area are already fairly well
adapted to the urban fringe and will continue to be found in the area though
probably in reduced numbers. The reduction in numbers will be a result of
two factors: (1) the destruction of habitat, which provides food and shelter
for breeding and protection from predation. (2) As a result of habitat
destruction the lower level of the food chain will be disrupted. This would
mean that the carnivores will have a reduced food source and will therefore
be reduced in numbers.
Some species will probably increase as a result of development. Many rodents
are well adapted to man and will increase in numbers with development. Rats
and mice are the two best examples. Other mammals which are able to live in
close proximity to man and not suffer adverse impact are Raccoon and Deer.
Both will probably maintain populations similar to those which.they now have.
Birds which are able to adapt include Jays, Doves, Pigeons, Crows, Blackbirds,
Sparrows and Robins. One species which might enter the area is the Starling
• which now can be found in the urban area.
The best way to mitigate impact or.. the wildlife is to confine development to
the flat, eastern portion of the site.
Generally it is felt that the adverse impact on wildlife, provided that develop-
ment is limited to the flat eastern portion.of the property, will be minimal.
If development is allowed in the oak areas the impact will be greater as a
result of habitat destruction. As previously mentioned the most significant
damage has been done; the large carnivores are already gone and those species
which .remain will suffer less since they are already adapted to man's presence.
The small pond can only be improved as a result of development. At this time
it is in a state of decline due to lack of upkeep. Aquatic and semi -aquatic
vegetation are causing the pond to become chocked with vegetation and this
in turn is causing reductions in aquatic animals. Cleaning up the pond, removing
much of the aquatic and semi -aquatic vegetation will render it more productive
in terms of a greater variety of wildlife. Cleaning it will not affect its
use as a wildlife water hole. Neighbors of the property report the pond
contains fish. If true, the populations will not survive for long in the
existing pond. If cleaned and maintained, fish could be planted, thereby
creating a valuable recreation facility for the proposed housing development.
If the pond were to become a recreational facility, the large oaks and part
of the aquatic vegetation should be left so as to increase the habitat diversity
in and adjacent to the pond.
J
Hill Area General Plan
13. GEOLOGIC STABILITY
E�•
i
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.42
April 17, 1974
SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA),
---------------------------------------------------------------
. Extensive studies of seismic safety and geologic stability have
been made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in
cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department.
Studies of damage prevention and rescue service, etc—are at
present conducted by the County in cooperation with the various
cities.
These studies seem to confirm rather than diminish the following
section of the Open Space and Conservation Element of Cupertino's
General Plan, adopted September 18, 1972 (though this is not the
adopted policy of the Hillside Subcommittee):
SAN ANDREAS RIFT ZONE
The only known active earthquake fault zone.within Cupertino's
sphere of influence is the San Andreas fault. It runs northwest -
southwest along the upper part of Stevens Creek and then turns
south through Camp Saratoga and Sandborn Valley. (Other known
faults are inactive, but care should be taken not to permit build-
ings on top of them.)
The San Andreas fault is localized to a very -narrow band, but the
effects of earthquakes in the fault can be felt over a very wide
area. I•t should be,noted, .however, that .buildings with foundation
` on bedrock quite close to the fault may be little damaged by a
strong earthquake, while severe damage may be.inflicted on build -
Ings on certain types'of soil (and particularly on fill) several
miles away. In addition to direct damage from vibrations, an earth-
quake.can trigger landslides in steep areas, which may cause as
much damage.
A-
The Open Space Element map shows the San Andreas Rift Zone as a
2,000 foot wide band centered on the fault. The chosen width
is not arbitrary, as it includes the steepest slopes adjacent to
the fault.
There are several summer homes and two.resorts with swimming holes
within the indicated rift zone. Further residential development
should b.e prevented through zoning (though existing homes would be
permitted.to remain non -conforming uses if the residents want to
take the risk). Commercial recreational use could continue and
be expanded, with some restrictions. The zoning regulations could
be similar to the Agricultural -Recreational (A-ua) ordinance of
the City of Cupertino, with added regulation to diminish the effect
of an earthquake on buildings. (The County has the jurisdiction
over the entire area indicated on the map.)
-1-
Draft
SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA) (cont'd.)
STRUCTURAL HAZARDS
AL/jk 81,003.42
Aug. 28,. 1974
Buildings within the City of Cupertino are mostly new and constructed
to standards considered to minimize seismic hazards. A few older
buildings in the City, and buildings in the unincorporated area within
the City's sphere of .influence are mostly wooden one-story buildings,
or stucco on wooden frames. This flexible construction minimizes
damage from earth -shaking. No high-risk buildings have been located.
DISASTER PLANNING PROGRAMS
The urbanized area of Santa Clara County is continuous and cities
generally have no natural boundaries. Unincorporated County areas
intermingle with the cities. For this reason, separate disaster plan-
ning programs for each city would be inefficient. The County has pre-
pared a program with cooperation of the cities.
The City of Cupertino has no fire department or police department,
but contracts with the Santa Clara County Fire Protection District
and the County Sheriff's Office for services. The City's contribu-
tion to a disaster planning program must, therefore, be limited to
the City's Department of Public Works.
Seasonal fire control of the undeveloped hill area is provided by
i • the State of California Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Forestry (with headquarters in Morgan Hill).
DEFINITION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK AND AVOIDABLE RISK
It is considered an acceptable risk that people continue to live
in and move into Cupertino though the City is located within a gen-
erally hazardous area. It is considered an avoidable risk to permit
residential development close to known inactive faults and near the
active San Andreas Fault.
-2-
JAB/hm 81,003.602
Aug. 22', 1974
. SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (Appendix)
EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS IN THE ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO
(by John A. Busto, Chief Building Insper_tor)
Ordinance No. 627 - Adopting the 1973 Uniform Building Code:
The buildings presently being designed and built in the City of Cupertino
have to comply with the 1973 Uniform Building Coda, Sec. 2314, which reads:
"Every building or structure and every portion thereof shall be designed and
constructed to resist stresses produced by lateral forces as provided in this
,section. Stresses shall be calculated as the effect of a force applied horizon-
tally at each.floor or roof level above the,foundation. The force shall be
assumed to come from any horizontal direction."
The provisions of this section apply to the structure as a unit and also
to all parts thereof, including the"structural frame or walls, floors and roof .
systems, and other structural features.
The 19-13 Uniform Building Code also places all of California in Seismic
Zone M3 which is the most hazardous of the four zones and requires the strictest
designs.
Ordinance No. 214-A - Excavations, Grading and Retaining Walls:
Section 106.08.C) 60 c. Engineering Geological Reports: Prior to issuance
of a grading permit, the Director, after review by a civil engineer, may require
an engineering geological investigation, based on the most recent grading plan.
The engineering geological report shall include an adequate description of the -
geolot,y of the site, and conclusions and recom-mendatiors regarding the effect
of geologic conditions on the proposed development. All reports shall be
sub Sect to approval by the Director, and supplemental reports and data may be
required as he inay deem necessary. Recommendations included ii: the report
and approved by the Director shall be incorporated in the grading plan. Cost
to be borne by applicant.
Section 16.08.060 d. soils Engineering Reports: The Director may require,
after review by a civil en.;ineer, a soils engineering i.nvesti;;ation, based on
the most recent radin r•]sn. Such reports slactll include data regarding the
_nature, distribution, and strength of existing soils with particular emphasis
on stability of existing and proposed cut and fill slopes, conclusions and
rccommrndations for grad'iii, procad.ures, and dosien criteria for correcrive
treasures. Reconuaendations included in the rehorc and approved by the i)iroctor
-1-
JAB/hm 81,003.602
Aug. 22, 1974
SRISX S__AF_E'Y__ELE_ME_N_i_(_Appe.ndir.)_(cont'd_)_______________________
• shall be incorporatedlin the grading plan or specifications. Cost to be borne
by applicant. i
P._9
Section 16.08.080 b. Geological or Flood Hazard: If, in the opinion of
the Director, after review by a civil engineer, the land area for which grading
is proposed is subject to geological or flood hazard to the extent that no
reasonable amount of corrective work can eliminate or sufficiently reduce the
hazard. to human life or property, the grading permit and building permits for
habitable structures shall be denied.
Section 16.08.OeO c. • Violation.of Other Ordinances: The Director shall
not issue a grading permit for work on a. site unless all proposed uses shown
on the grading plans for the site will comply with all provisions of zoning
and other applicable City Ordinances.
Ordinance No. 409 - Soils Report:
Is an ordinance requiring a preliminary soils report and approval thereof
as a condition to the issuance of a building permit.
-2-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
GENERAL GEOLOGY
The San Andreas Fault Zone is the dominant geologic feature in the Montebello
Ridge Study Area. The general geology of this area is similar to that of the
"Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" located immediately to the south (see Fig. 1)x
The reader is referred to the geologic report on the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study
Area" (Rogers, 1972) for details. In comparison with the "Santa Cruz Mountain
area", the Montebello Ridge area has:
A) significantly fewer and smaller ancient, older, and modern land-
slides along the San Andreas Fault Zone,
B) a larger area east of the San Andreas Fault Zone underlain by the
Monterey Formation and Santa Clara Formation,
•C) ma more extensive area underlain.by the "Calera" limestone unit of
the Franciscan rocks.
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE
The great differences in complexity of geologic structure between the
Franciscan rocks and younger rock units on either side of the San Andreas
Fault Zone are the same as described in Rogers (1972).
A series of folds, oriented generally N14 -SE subparallel to the San Andreas
Fault Zone, lie within the younger rock units east of that zone. Along the
eastern margin of the study area, several of these folds form an en -echelon
pattern along the mountain front south of Permanente Road, generally coinci-
dent with a major fault zone.
Several faults offset these younger rock units, displacing them against each
other and/or the Franciscan rocks. Stream alluvium and the surface of the
older valley alluvium that overlie projections of these faults do not seem
to be offset. Thus, significant surface displacement apparently has not
occurred on these faults since deposition of at least the upper part of the
older alluvium. Deposits in Mountain View generally equivalent to the older
alluvium of this study area have been age dated as young as 20,500 years
(E.J. Helley, U.S.. Geological Survey, oral communication, 8/28/72).
�. *For references, see Environmental Geologic Analysis Santa Cruz Mountain
Study Area Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area County of Santa Clara,
California, February 1974.
-1-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan.
• GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
A major unconformity exists at the base of each of the younger rock units
east of the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Monterey Formation is unconformable
on the Franciscan rocks, and the Santa Clara Formation is unconformable on
both the Monterey and Franciscan rocks.
SIGNIFICANCE OF LAND FOF14S (GEOMORPHOLOGY)
Land forms -in the study area are controlled largely by bedrock type and amount
of vertical uplift during the rise of the Santa Cruz Mountains in the last two
million years. The low rolling foothills and certain flat-topped ridges
within the high mountains are remnants of the adcient subdued "mature" topog-
raphy that existed prior to the vertical uplift.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Limestone, crushed rock, and sand and gravel are produced in the study area.
No other potentially valuable mineral resources were located.
.The..Kaiser.Cement,and.Gypsum Co. operates .a limestone quarry in a Franciscan
limestone deposit which is the largest such deposit in the California Coast
Ranges. Crushed rock is quarried at two locations in volcanic units of the
Franciscan rocks. Three abandoned sand and gravel quarries are located in the
Stevens Creek member of the Santa Clara Formation. The extent of each of
these geologic units and the commercial deposits are.shown on Plate 3.*
INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS
Geologic data most critical for land use planning are summarized and interpreted
on a Relative Geologic Stability Map (Plate 4)* This map was designed
specifically for use by the CSC Planning Department as the geologic element
of a comprehensive land use study of the Montebello Ridge area.
RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY (SEISMIC CONDITIONS)
Data are provided (see Plate 3)`which show the relative probability of fault
displacement along all the faults of the study area. This map displays the
data needed to assess the surface fault rupture component of the total earth-
quake geologic hazard (which includes surface rupture, ground shaking, ground
failure, and tsunamis-seiches). See Rogers (1972) for the details of
determining other hazard,components.
The earthquake history of the study area since 1900 was studied in terms of:
A) the variation in shaking intensity per earthquake, and B) the number of
felt earthquakes per year. These data show that on the average five damaging
-2-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
earthquakes per decade and three felt earthquakes per year have occurred
since comprehensive records were started in 1924. Another great earthquake
located along the San Andreas Fault 'Lone (similar to 1906 San Francisco earth-
quake) is anticipated anytime within the next several decades. During the
1906 event, the study area was shaken violently. Many landslides occurred
along the San Andreas Fault 'Lone in Stevens Creek, and Saratoga Creek.
Horizontal fault displacement of three feet occurred along one trace of the
San -Andreas Fault Zone.
The cluster of earthquakes near Stevens Creek Reservoir in the 1969-1970
period recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brown and Lee, 1971) may be
related to a major fault, NW -SE oriented, near the eastern edge of the study
area. The fault may be active at depth, even though there is no direct
evidence of surface displacement within the last 20,000 years (see GEOLOGIC
STRUCTURE, above). It is not known whether the activity will progress upward
to ground surface, even if it is related to that fault.
POTENTIAL FLOOD HAZARDS
Hazards from storm flooding were found to exist on only one watercourse
,• within the study area (Adobe Creek). Due to man-made alterations of its
natural stream channel, portions of Adobe Creek are incapable of containing
the 10 -year flood event. -
All other stream channels within the study area are judged to be capable of
containing a 200 -year flood event. A stream channel is defined for this
purpose as the area that includes all land adjacent to the stream less than
ten feet above the lowest point in the channel cross section.
Flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming
temporary dams and causing stream water to be ponded. This type of flooding
is most probable in zones of lowest relative geologic stability, as shown on
the geologic stability map (Plate 4).*
In addition, flooding may occur downstream from a dam if the dam should fail
during an earthquake or for any other reason. Such a potential flood hazard
exists on land adjacent to the stream channel below Stevens Creek Reservoir,
in the event of the failure of Stevens Creek Dam.
!3N � 1 _ � 1 A7,74 a to)`69
GENERAL
The general policy recommendations in Rogers (1972) that pertain to land use,
hazardous areas and updating maps are equally pertinent to the Montebello
-3-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan,
GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
Ridge area. These recommendations are equally pertinent to the Montebello
Ridge area. They are reiterated.
EARTHQUAKE -RELATED PROBLEMS
Earthquake -Induced Flooding -- In all stream channels downstream from dams,
consider restricting development to non-residential use and requiring special
investigations of potential flood hazards for any permitted use.
Earthquake Hazard to Schools -- No schools in the Montebello Ridge area are
located in the San Andreas Fault Zone. The recommendation in Rogers (1972)
related to future facilities is repeated -- "due to the severe earthquake
hazard, no schools or other facilities of involuntary occupancy be allowed
within the San Andreas Fault Zone."
Earthquake -Induced Seiche -- The possibility of earthquake -induced seiche
waves on reservoirs.should be studied.
Utilities - A Special Problem -- Public utility facilities which cross the
. San Andreas Fault Zone.may..be,.severed,,.da;naged, or rendered inoperative by
surface fault rupture or landslides during a major earthquake. These services
therefore may be interrupted, severely limited, or unavailable just when they
are vitally needed for post -earthquake recovery.
Recommendation -- Responsible officials in all public utilities
should be made aware of, or reacquainted with, these geologic
hazards, and encouraged to make contingency plans or provide
engineering solutions that will avoid or reduce the interruption
of their services by a major earthquake.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Much of the study area'is underlain by rocks that are potential sources of
sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much of the potential resource
use lies outside of the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource
value was not made for this limited study.
If residential development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these
potential mineral resources will be covered by homes without regard to the
concomitant loss of mineral resources.
Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources
study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value
of available specific mineral resources. This study would of
necessity have to be integrated with County and local policies
-4-
80 ,035.53
.81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
' GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions
then could include these resource value data in balancing values
gained against values lost for any particular development. Envi-
ronmental impact studies also would have need for these data.
The desirability and feasibility of extracting.these materials
for export from the area might also be considered.
The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted jointly by the
U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
will supply much useful data in this regard.
FLOOD PROBLEMS
Flood hazards along Adobe Creek -- Inundation of part of the flood plain
adjacent to Adobe Creek is a potential problem but does not present a threat
to life, and would result only in minimal.proper.ty loss under present use
(recreational and agricultural). If the flood plain were to be developed
for residential use, minor property damage (but not loss of life) probably
would be incurred on an average of every 5 to 10 years.
`'• Recommendation -- To minimize flood hazards the flood plain of
Adobe Creek should be reserved for low density, preferably non-
residential, land use, or not be developed at all.
Ll�
Stevens Creek Dam - Earthquake Flood Hazard -- Little is known.as to the
behavior of such structures during large magnitude seismic events. In
addition, there remains the possibility of a large flood wave (generated
by a major landslide into the reservoir) overtopping the dam and causing
flood conditions downstream.
Recommendation -- To minimize possible earthquake -triggered
flood hazards below Stevens Creek Dam, residential and "forced
occupancy" development should not be permitted on land adjacent
to the stream channel below the dam.
Flood Hazards - General -- For the remainder of the study area, it is
recommended that development within stream channels (defined above in
Summary of Findings) be restricted to non-residential use; and that special
investigations of potential flood hazards be required for any permitted use.
-5-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY C014DITIONS
From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
• Mountain Study Area; by Thomas 11. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-D-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Hard, locally sheared, interbedded limestone and chert in the Franciscan
.rocks, must be excavated by blasting. (Kls)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Landslides or rock falls may occur in fractured rocks when fractures
become saturated with water.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Least intense.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased coater
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Rock falls
may occur on steep slopes where rock outcrops may be shaken loose.
1
l�
—1-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
-H-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive, locally sheared volcanic rock and sandstone in the Franciscan
rocks. Massive hard conglomerate, interbedded with hard sandstone and
minor shale, Cretaceous age. (Kv, Kvf, Ks, Keg)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in D category. Landslides also possible where dip of interbedded
units and/or local shear planes are inclined downslope and less consolidated
units become saturated with water. _
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Same as D category.
r.
`.• Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur on steep slopes where bedding is inclined downslope and where
=erosion of less consolidated units has undermined harder.units. Rock falls
may occur as in D category.
-2-
I9
'•
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
-L-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive, extensively sheared volcanic rock and sandstone, and complex-..
intrusive igneous rocks in the Franciscan rocks. Hard interbedded chert
and shale, Miocene age. Massive, semi -consolidated siltstone, Miocene
age. .(Kvs, Kvfs, Kss, Kdg, Mm, Mus, Mst)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in H Category. Landslides also possible where failure occurs
along water -saturated shear planes inclined downslope.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Same as or slightly more'intense than D category.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur 1) where bedding is inclined downslope as in H category and 2)
along shear planes inclining downslope.
—3—
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
-P-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive semi -consolidated sandstone and mudstone, interbedded siltstone,
Miocene age. Weathered intrusive -extrusive igneous rocks, Tertiary age.
Hard, massive, brittle shale and interbedded hard sandstone and shale,
Cretaceous age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to
S categories. (Mv, Eb, EPu, Ml, Ti, Ksh, Kssh, Kshs, Qoal, Qal)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in H category. Landslides also possible where semi -consolidated
or weathered units become water -saturated.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking — Same as or slightly more intense than L category. Possible
severe shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur as in H category (as in 1906 earthquake when 6' boulders of Mv(?)
rolled down into Stevens Creek Canyon), in loose weathered zones and in
poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe
lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress
Springs in 1906 earthquake).
-4-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
-S-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Unconsolidated to semi -consolidated sand and gravel, locally clay rich,
interbedded with clay, Quaternary -Tertiary age. Unconsolidated alluvium,
Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (QTscsc, QTscs, QTscu,.
Qoal, Qal)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
.Landslides possible in these units when water saturation reduces stability
because of: A) large decrease in bearing strength of all units, B) chemical
and physical alteration of certain clay units, C) increase in internal
pressure (pore pressure) of clay -rich units because of poor drainage.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
• Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than L category, possible severe
shalcing in water -saturated Qoal and Qal.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur as in 11 category and in poorly consolidated units along steep
margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated
Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake).
('10
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
Wa
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Landslide deposits and colluvium, Quaternary age., Shear zone (melange) in
Franciscan rocks; weathered sheared serpentine, probable Mesozoic age.
Unconsolidated clay and sand, local gravel, Quaternary -Tertiary age. (Q1M,
Qlo, Q1A, sz, sp, QTscA) Shattered and sheared rocks along fault traces,
indicated on map by pattern.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in S category. Landslides more probable in these units due to
'A) greater percentage of clay, B) lack of coherent internal binding structure
in landslide deposits and colluvium, C) presence of abundant shear planes in
sz and sp units and in sheared rocks along fault traces.
-ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than S category:
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Extensive
landslides probable as occurred in Stevens Creek Canyon, along Saratoga Creek,
and near Mt. Eden Road during the 1906 earthquake.
QS
W
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
MAN'S INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC STABILITY
The stability of all of these units is decreased by each of the following
common activities:
1) Grading (changing slopes).
2) Removing vegetation.
3)Concentrating water.
4) Construction of buildings, swimming pools, etc. (adding weight
to slopes).
These adverse effects may be somewhat controlled by procedures such as:
1) Planting vegetation on cut slopes.
2) Diverting water away from head of landslides.
3) Draining water from interior of landslides.
4) Designing construction according to soil and rock strength.
These effects can be minimized in the first place by planned development
based on a detailed knowledge -of the soil and geologic conditions.
For more details see discussion in text under Relative Geologic Stability,
Non -Seismic Conditions (Influence of Man) and in Appendix B.
-7-
FOOiYttI COIL
a .y -. _;._• ;; !(Ff< LOS w
v,•, •� ALTOS
tom'\., _ -T'.% . y`�,l - _ a •�. i �
kv
r�\... ��1 'j: ;a:.. _ ?I, [9EFY. V, V.0
, � I '� ,1 1 i �' 1014 '3C'i'.:iYvsC_-, u§'A+tsma:•am ':u".'vests'•<ia^tR
I ' eCLAC1L v♦ •CLQ
I MOUIITAIY �''N - - .7. I
_•ti's •�,`' �r �\.. �r',�..• :.0 T1�_�, I o
I la . �':'♦-.' _ ♦i. .. •♦ter♦r _ ..�
_ s I
♦
-
_____ _
. \♦il `-/.Oa Y .� "v....o• 'Si it fr T ;, �':r �% C
a •a as a' I a +
. ,
it
I:% % `' \ Jas i*_ _�•`lt a (y\ bt,\yU l ' va~•'
Ir
, AA
aSd � ^n l a ''1 .o t t �4•r
1 N c'<l �`,,_ + ,:� `� ` �� � "- +'` : ��•' . _ �� � $rte S,7t
ell
1 NILE
RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY-MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY ARE
PREPARED BY THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY
• MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY
CITIES OF SARATOGA, CUPERTINO, PALO ALTO, TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS
COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA
�^ Hill Area General Plan
• ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT
-----------------------
CHAPTER 1354
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
An act to amend Sections 660; 661, and 662 of, and to add Chapter 7.5
(commencing with Section 2621) to Division 2 of, the Public Resources Code,
relating to earthquake protection, and making an appropriation therefor.
(Approved by Governor December 22, 1972. Filed with
Secretary of State December 22, 1972.)
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 520, Alquist. Earthquake protection.
Increases the membership of the State Mining and Geology Board from 9 to 11
persons and declares that persons with specified occupations should be selected
for membership on the board. Designates the board as a policy and appeals board
for the purposes of provisions re earthquake hazard zones.
Requires the•State Geologist to delineate,,by December 31, 1973, special studies
zones encompassing certain areas of earthquake hazard. Requires State Geologist
to compile maps delineating the special studies zones and to submit such maps
to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Requires
the State Geologist to continually review new geologic and seismic data and revise
special studies zones and submit such revisions to affected cities, counties, and
state agencies for review and comment. Appropriates $100,000 for such purposes.
Requires affected cities, counties, and state agencies to submit their comments
to board.
Requires cities and counties to exercise specified approval authority with
respect to real estate developments or structures for human occupancy within
such delineated zones. Requires applicants for a building permit within such
zone to be charged a fee according to a fee schedule established by the board.
'Limits maximum amount of such fee. Provides for retention of i of the proceeds
of any such fee by the city or county having jurisdiction and transfer of � to
the state.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 660 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
660. There is in the department a State Mining and Geology Board, con-
sisting of 11 members appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by
the Senate, for terms of four years and until their successors are appointed
and qualified. The State Mining and Geology Board shall also serve as a policy
and appeals board for the purposes of Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621)
of Division 2.
-1-
80,035.53
.81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.)
----------------------------
SEC. 2. Section 661 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
661. Members of the board shall be selected from citizens of this state
associated with or having broad knowledge of the mineral industries of this
state, of its geologic resources, or of related technical and scientific fields,
to the end that the functions of the board as specified in Section 667 are con-
ducted in the best interests of the state. Among the 11 members, two should
be mining geologists, mining engineers, or mineral economists, one should be a
structural engineer, one should:be a geophysicist, one should.be an urban or
regional planner, one should be a soils engineer, two should be geologists,
one should be a representative of county government, and at least two shall
be members of the public having an interest in and knowledge of the environ-
ment.
SEC. 3. Section 662 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
662. The terms of the members of the board in office when this article
takes effect in 1965 shall expire as follows: one member January 15, 1966;
two members January 15, 1967; and two members January 15, 1968. The terms
shall expire in the same relative order as to each member as the term for which
he holds office before this article takes effect. The terms of the two additional
members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of this section at the 1968
Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1969. The terms
of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section
660 at the 1970 Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15,
1971, but the term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by
the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 3.974. The terms of the two additional
members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1972
Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1973, but the
term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by the Governor,
shall expire on January 15, 1976.
SEC. 4. Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) is added to Division 2 of
the Public Resources Code, to read: -
CHAPTER 7.5.. HAZARD ZONES
2621. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Alquist-Priolo
Geologic Hazard Zones Act.
2621.5. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide for the adoption and
administration of zoning laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations by cities
and counties, as well as to implement such general plan as may be in effect in
any city or county. The Legislature declares that the provisions of this
chapter are intended to provide policies and criteria to assist cities, counties,
and state agencies in the exercise of their responsibility to provide for the
public safety in hazardous fault zones.
-2-
R
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.)
-------------- ---- ----------
2622. In order to assist cities and counties in their planning, zoning, and
building -regulation functions, the State Geologist shall delineate, by December
31, 1973, appropriately wide special studies zones to encompass all potentially
and recently active traces of the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, and San
Jacinto Faults, and such other faults, or segments thereof, as he deems suffi-
ciently active and well-defined as to constitute a potential hazard to structures
from surface faulting or fault creep. Such special studies zones shall ordinarily
be one-quarter mile or less in width, except in circumstances which may require
'the State Geologist to designate a wider zone.
Pursuant to this section, the State Geologist shall compile maps delineating
the special studies zones and shall submit such maps to all affected cities,
counties, and state agencies, not later than December 31, 1973, for review and
comment. Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit all such comments
to the State Mining and Geology Board for review and consideration within 90
days. Within 90 days of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies
of- the official maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county
having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone.
The State Geologist shall continually review new geologic and seismic data
and shall revise the.special studies zones or delineate additional special
studies zones when warranted by new information. The State Geologist shall
submit all such revisions to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies
for their review and comment.Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit
all such comments to the State inning and Geology Board for review and con-
sideration within 30 days. Within 30 days.of such review, the State Geologist
shall provide copies of the revised official maps to concerned state agencies
and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such
zone.
2623. Within the special studies zones delineated pursuant to Section 2622,
the site of every proposed new real estate development or structure for human
occupancy shall be approved by the city or county having jurisdiction over such
lands in accordance with policies and criteria established by the State Mining
and Geology Board and the findings of the State Geologist. Such policies and
criteria shall be established by the State Mining and Geology Board not later
than December 31, 1973. In the development of such policies and criteria, the
State Mining and Geology Board shall seek the comment and advice of affected
cities, counties, and state agencies. Cities and counties shall not approve
the location of such a development or structure within a delineated special
studies zone if an undue hazard would be created, and approval may be withheld
pending geologic and engineering studies to more adequately define the zone of
hazard. If the city or county finds that no undue hazard exists, geologic and
engineering studies may be waived, with approval of the State Geologist, and
the location of the proposed development or structure may be approved.
-3-
E�
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT
---------------------
2624. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prevent cities and counties
from establishing policies and criteria which are stricter than those established
by the State Mining and Geology Board, nor from imposing and collecting fees in
addition to those required under this chapter.
2625. Each applicant for a building permit within a delineated special
studies zone shall be charged a reasonable fee according to a fee schedule
established by the State Mining and Geology Board.- Such fees shall be set
in an amount sufficient to meet, but not to exceed, the costs to state and
local government of administering and complying with the provisions of this
chapter. Such fee shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the total valuation
of the proposed building construction for which the building permit is issued,
as determined by the local building official. One-half of the proceeds of such
fees shall be retained by the city or county having jurisdiction over the pro-
posed development or structure for the purpose of implementing this chapter,
and the remaining one-half of the proceeds shall be deposited in the General
Fund.
SEC. 5. There is hereby appropriated from the General Fund in the State
Treasury to the Department of Conservation the sum on one hundred thousand
dollars ($100,000) for the purposes of Section 2622 of the Public Resources
Code.
-4-
Hill Area General Plan
14. FLOOD AND FIRE HAZARD
Hill Area General Plan
FLOOD HAZARD .,
--------------------------------
July 1, 1975
BC/jk 81,003.22
81,085
• In the context of evaluating flood hazard, the City of Cupertino
has determined that protection from the 100 -year flood frequency
represents an acceptable level of risk. (Actually, a 1% risk each
year of flooding on indicated area.) The 100 -year flood frequency
criteria is commonly utilized by various public and private agen-
cies such as the Federal Flood Insurance Administrator, the Corp
of Engineers, and the Santa Clara Valley Water District.
California Division of Mines and Geology and the Santa Clara Valley
Water District have conducted limited studies to ascertain flood
risk within the foothill study area. Thomas H. Rogers and Charles
F. Armstrong of the Division of Mines and Geology conducted hydro-
logic work in connection with the Montebello Ridge Mountain Study.
Rogers and Armstrong concluded that all stream channels within the
hill study.area are judged to be capable oaf containing a 200 -year
flood event.l In the context of their study, a stream channel was
defined as the area that includes all land adjacent to a stream
less than 10 ft. above the lowest point of the channel cross-
section. Rogers and Armstrong further concluded that flooding may
occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming tem-
porary dams and causing stream water to be ponded. Additionally,
flooding may occur downstream from Stevens Creek Reservoir should
this dam instantaneously fail during an earthquake or for any other
such reason.
• The Santa Clara Valley Water District conducted an extensive channel
study on Stevens Creek, from Central Avenue.in Mountain View
to the face of Stevens Creek Reservoir. The District also conduc-
ted preliminary work in connection with a dam safety study for
Stevens Creek Reservoir. The Water District's findings relative to
potential flood risk on Stevens Creek is generally consistent with
that of Rogers and Armstrong for the reach of Stevens Creek between
the dam and Deep Cliff Golf Course. This particular reach of the
Creek is characterized by a pronounced ravine, as opposed to the
flat flood plain characteristic of Stevens Creek beginning at
the southern boundary of the Deep Cliff Golf Course. The Water
District's study indicates that the 100 -year flood frequency event
.will have a water surface elevation ranging between 10 tO 14 ft.
above the present bottom elevation of the channel. No figures
are given for a 200 -year event; that is, a 0.5% risk.2 Although
there is a 4 ft. difference between the water surface elevation
given by Rogers and Armstrong (10 ft..) and the water surface ele-
vation provided by the District (10 to 14 ft.), the water surface
elevation will not have a drastic effect on the geographical
area flooded because of the steep topography of the ravine. Fur-
ther, it is difficult to compare the two studies because of the
lack of information, primarily.in terms of the stream flow calcu-
lations.
-.1-
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22
FLOOD HAZARD (cont'd.) 81,085
-----------------------------------------------------------------
• In response to State legislation,. the District staff prepared an
Inundation Boundary Map, describing the areas of potential flood-
ing that would result from instantaneous failure of Stevens Creek
dam. The District qualified the boundary by stating: "It is rec-
ognized that from an engineering standpoint, inundation mapping
depends upon empirical analysis. Precise calculations, to include
determination of depths and velocities,are beyond the current state
of the art. Therefore, conservative assumptions were made, within
the limits of good engineering judgment, as to the extent and
rapidity if failure, and as to the probable routes the flow would
follow".
Again, because of the steep topography on either side of the stream
bed between the face of the dam and the Deep Cliff Golf Course, the
.Inundation Map for.the instantaneous failure of the dam could not
differ greatly from the flood limit line from the 100 -year event.
The Water District has not conducted detailed studies for other
streams within the Cupertino's sphere of influence. However, the
District indicates that there may slight flooding along the
reach of Permanente Creek between the Kaiser-Permanente Plan site
and Freeway 280. Neither the degree of flooding nor the flood limit
line is precisely known. The District additionally indicated by
letter that a few properties located northerly of Stevens Creek
Reservoir may be exposed to flooding.
• Land use intensity would have little impact on the degree of flood-
ing risk from a general point of view because, during the 100 -year
storm event, it is assumed that the ground is fully saturated.and,
therefore, a run-off coefficient for.open space areas would not
differ too greatly from that which is paved over or roofed. There-
fore, the major consideration when evaluating density alternatives
of the foothills as it relatesto flood risk is to ensure that the
development is.kept.a safe distance from stream beds, particularly
Stevens Creek below Stevens Creek Reservoir. Development plans
involving land in close proximity to a stream bed should be evalu-
ated by a hydrologist on a case-by-case basis to determine possible
flood risk.
Attachment:
Map of potential flood risk for 100 -year event, and for
inundation in the event of dam failure.
References:
1. Environmenta
Mountain Ran
in Santa Clara County,
e Northern Santa Cruz
California Division of
Mines and Geology. February 1974.
2. Planning Study for Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Valley Water
District, August 1974. Maps 15-17.
-2-
•
Hill Area General Plan
FIRE HAZARD
BC/jk 81,003.22
80,026
July 2, 1975
----------------
Fire risk must be evaluated in terms of potential risk to human
life and property and to the natural environment. There is a
conflict between urban development and the resultant necessity
for fire suppression, and the role of fire to maintain a natural
ecological system for specific plant and animal communities.
The introduction of additional dwellings within the foothills
will increasethe risk to existing and future residences, and will
preclude either natural or controlled burning to minimize the
danger of hot fires which completely destroy surface and sub-
surface vegetation.
Residential development in the foothills will increase the need
for fire exclusion. The Patri, Streatfield and Ingmire report,
.entitled "The Santa Cruz Mountains Regional Pilot Study, Early
Warning System" emphasizes that fires were once a regular part
of the ecology of the Santa Cruz Mountain region.
"These fires were 'frequent and light in character and,
hence, little damage was done to the plants of the for-
est. In many cases, the plants.were so precisely adapted
to regular burning that the occurrence of a burn trig-
gered off flowering or the germination of certain species.
" In this way, fire played an important role in successional
• processes and health of the community. The widespread
exclusion of fire from the forest and from the chaparral
areas has led" to an immense buildup of their fuel. Once
leaves and old limbs fall to the ground and dry out,
their presence represents a very severe fire hazard. In
other areas, the lack of regular burning has led to the
growth of a very lush undergrowth of herbs, shrubs, and
herbaceous plants. The total effect of this suppression
has been the creation of conditions which will make it al-
most certain that any future fire will be a holocaust.
The forest fire will not be the surface fire of former
days but a potentially devastating ground fire."
The attached map, labeled "Fire Risk", is an adaptation of a map
prepared by the County Planning Department for inclusion into
the County's General Plan Safety Element. The numbered sub -areas
.on the map reflect categories of hazard: moderate hazard, high
hazard, and extreme hazard. The hazard areas are weighted,
.based upon the factor of fuel loading (combustible material),
critical fire weather, and slope steepness. As indicated by
the map, the area within the urban fringe is considered a mod-
erate hazard, while the balance of the properties within the
sphere of influence are considered either high or extreme hazard.
The County study Public Safety Element does not contain specific
• recommendations relative to the relationship of fire hazard to
density.
-1-
•
•
•
Hill Area General Plan
FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.)
----------------------------
BC/jk 81,003.22
80,026
July 2, 1975
From the City of Cupertino's point.of view, the entire sphere of
influence is considered hazardous. All land areas within the
foothills have been placed within a fire hazard area defined by
the City's adopted Uniform Fire Code. In the context of the hill-
side phase of the Land Use Amendment to the General Plan, it must
be assumed that all areas within the hillsides should continue to
be considered as a hazardous fire area which requires certain fire
protection measures if urban development is to take place. A more
sensitive study and.recommendation will be forthcoming in connec=
tion with the review of a General Plan Public Safety Element.
In terms of the interaction of.each General Plan Alternative to
the fire risk factor, it can be assumed that the greater the land
use density, the greater the fire risk, which results in increased
fire suppression which, in turn, affects the natural eco -system
of the hillsides areas. If a plan alternative is chosen which
proposes residential development within the hillsides, the follow-
ing fire protection requirements contained within the Uniform Fire
Code will be required:
1. An effective fire break shall be placed around each
residential structure for a distance of not less than
30 ft. on each side. The fire break must exclude all
flammable vegetation and other combustible growth.
The fire break requirement shall not apply to single
specimens of trees, ornamental.shrubbery, or similar
plants used as ground cover, provided that they do not
.form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the
native growth to any structure.
2. The Fire Protection Agency may further require that
the fire break be expanded by removing all brush,
flammable vegetation or combustible growth located
from, 30 to 100 ft. from any such building, when the
Fire Protection Agency finds that because of extra
hazardous conditions, a fire break of only 30 ft.
around such structure is not sufficient to provide
reasonable fire safety...
3. The. City's Uniform Fire Code requires non-combustible
exterior materials, including roof materials.
The steps necessary to protect dwellings from fire have a direct
impact on vegetation removal, particularly in areas where the
Fire Protection Agency feels that there is a higher or extreme
—fire hazard risk. The definition of an "extra hazardous" area
would have to be made on a case-by-case basis by a fire protection
individual, and does not directly relate.to the term "extreme
hazard" on the attached map prepared in conjunction with the
County Public Safety Element.
-2-
BC/jk 81,003.22
Hill Area General Plan 80,026
FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975
• --------------------------------------------------------------
In order to provide accessibility for fire fighting equipment,
the following road standards would .have to be maintained for
both private and public rights-of-way:
1. Private driveways should not serve more than two
dwelling units. Cul-de-sac public streets should
not serve more than 20 units if they are the only
access; they may serve 100 units if complemented
by a secondary access through a fire trail. More
than 100 units should be served by a loop street,
providing access from two separate directions.
2. The above rules for access should be applied through
all stages of development. If necessary, secondary
access through a fire trail or a loop street should
be provided through undeveloped property through
agreement or eminent domain. Fire trails may be
closed off by fences and gates which can be opened
or run down by fire vehicles.
3. The length of private driveways or cul -de -.sac public
streets should not exceed 1000 ft., except where
• there is a water supply accessible for fire protec-
tion near the building site.
4. Private driveways should be paved to.a width of 12 ft.
if they serve one dwelling unit, 18 ft. if they serve
two units; except that an oil screen is sufficient
where the grade does not exceed 15%. The paved width
of a public street would depend on projected traffic,
but should not be less than 20 ft.
5.. The grade of private driveways should not exceed
20%; and should not exceed an average of 15% on any
300 -ft. long section. Public streets should have the
same minimum standard.
-3-
Hill Area General Plan
15. SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
AL/tm 81,003.22
80,022.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• APPLICATION OFSLOPE-DENSITYFORMULAS
------------------------------------
Slope-Density Formulas
The Planning Commission of the City of Cupertino has tentatively, for the
purpose of study only, adopted two slope -density formulas (out of a large
number investigated): "Foothill Residential (5-65)" for development within
the Urban Service Area, and "Rural Residential" for development outside the
Urban Service Area. A third formula, "Very Low Density Rural Residential",
has been developed in order to study the "Very Low Density" alternative..
The Board of Supervisors of -Santa Clara County has on December 12, 1973
adopted three slope -density formulas: (1) Public water supply and sanitary
sewers available; (2) Public water supply available, sanitary sewers not
available; (3) Public water supply and sanitary sewers not available.
Graphs of these formulas (except the "Very Low") and tables for all of them
are attached. It is noted that a landowner or developer or even the City
staff does not have to interpret the graphs; the tables are more exact and
should be used.
The attached pages "Definition of Steepness", "Conversion Between Measurements
of Slope" and "Geometry of Slope -Density Formulas" explains various mathematical
aspects to those interested.
The "Foothill Residential" formula consists of a fairly complicated mathematical
equation in order to be applicable both to generally flat areas and to very
steep hillsides, a stated goal of the Planning Commission. It is horizontal
from 0% to 5% slope, then curves sharply and descends steeply, reverses its
curvature and gradually approaches the x-axis at 65% slope (though it almost
reaches zero at 60% slope). The formula is:
d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)] + 3.4{0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)]1 8
0.5 causes the curve to be horizontal at d=0;
5
"
11 11
11 11
11 s=5;
3
I1
=L5;
s=65;—
3.4
11,
it 11
It 11
d=4.4;
8
to
to
to approach the
first component, that is
the
sine curve
d = 0.5 + 0.5
cos[3(s-5)]; the difference
is
0.1 DU/ac.
at s=29.5% and
0.01 DU/ac. at s=35.5%.
The "Rural Residential" and "Very Low Rural Residential" formulas are simple
sine curves:
d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s)
d = 0.025 + 0.025 cos(2.7s)
Map Material
Maps on which measurements are made should not be in smaller scale than
1 - 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) and contour interval should.be not more than
-1-
AL/tm 81,003.22
80,022.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'.d.)
-----------------------------------------------
10 feet. Enlargement of smaller scale maps (e.g. U.S.G.S. 1 -t 24,000 maps)
should not be permitted. However, an exception could be made in the case of
subdivision into lots of 20 acres or more outside the Urban Service Area. -
If the ."map wheel" measuring method is used, maps should not be in a scale
smaller than 1 a 600 (1 inch to 50 feet), in this case photographic enlarge-
ment from 1 -t 2400 scale would be permitted.
The City has contour maps in scale 1 -t 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) available
which cover most of the Urban Service Area within the hill study area.
However, these maps do not have property lines, and an attempt to construct
property lines on the contour maps from the County Assessor's maps have
disclosed large discrepancies. Survey of property lines on the ground is
prohibitively expensive, except perhaps for a very few check points. A
land owner or developer can for that reason not be depended on to provide
correct maps, and checking by the City staff would in any case be very
time consuming.
There may be a possibility to extend the County coordinate system, which is
marked on newer subdivision maps,into the hill area. It is suggested that
the City make an attempt on a trial basis and then proceed if at all possible,
though' this is a major undertaking. It seems that correct maps are essential
for application of slope -density formulas.
• Standard Grid System for Measuring
The possibility of "gerrymandering" is built into every slope -density formula
applied to a terrain with varying steepness and represented by a graph with
a broken line or a sharp curvature, such as the "Foothill Residential (5-65)"
formula. A property owner can.gain or loose a substantial number of dwelling
units by splitting the property before the actual subdivision, or by con-
solidating two or more parcels. (This is exemplified in the attached page
"Gain or Loss in Number of Dwelling Units Determined by Slope -Density Formulas".)
In itself it is not objectionable that an increase in density results from
measuring methods that adjust to the terrain. Specifically, an owner of a
large property should not be put in a less advantageous situation than owners
of a similar property which has already been divided into smaller but still
divisible parcels.
However, measurement procedures should be regulated to avoid arbitrary "gerry-
mandering". For that reason, measurement of standardized grid squares with a
side of 200 feet or 100 feet has been.suggested. The grid lines should be
oriented north -south and east -west and coincide with 200 feet (or 100 feet)
multiples of County coordinates.
Average slope would be measured for each grid square and the "dwelling unit
credit" determined. The "credit" would then be added for the entire property.
• Calculations should be carried out with areas in 3 decimals of acres or in units
of 10 sq, ft., to avoid discrepancies caused by rounding. The total number of
-2-
AL/tm 81,003.22
80,022.1
May 12, 1975
dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards
(for the same reason that a 7490 square foot lot does not qualify in an
R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according
to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property,
subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations.
Measuring Methods
If a "map wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There
would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property.
Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form
areas not larger than approximately 1' acres and not smaller than approximately
1i acre; this simplifies measuring.
Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or
better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bh). When the
length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following formulas
apply:
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (sq. ft.)
• o
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (acres).x 43,560
With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares
only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual
programming seems to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally
measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations,
the grid squares should be 100' x 100'.
The slope for each entire square will be printed by the .computer and then
multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the
actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary.
These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the
property.
These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates
areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% Slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for
two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's
tables which apply 1% or even �% categories), and the area is approximated to
a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller
squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase
computer cost.
Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except
• standard computer operations) so that the City.staff can check them.
-3-
Hill Area General Plan
•
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
(cont'd.)
dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards
(for the same reason that a 7490 square foot lot does not qualify in an
R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according
to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property,
subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations.
Measuring Methods
If a "map wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There
would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property.
Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form
areas not larger than approximately 1' acres and not smaller than approximately
1i acre; this simplifies measuring.
Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or
better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bh). When the
length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following formulas
apply:
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (sq. ft.)
• o
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (acres).x 43,560
With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares
only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual
programming seems to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally
measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations,
the grid squares should be 100' x 100'.
The slope for each entire square will be printed by the .computer and then
multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the
actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary.
These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the
property.
These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates
areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% Slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for
two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's
tables which apply 1% or even �% categories), and the area is approximated to
a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller
squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase
computer cost.
Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except
• standard computer operations) so that the City.staff can check them.
-3-
5.0
• 4.5
6 4.4
4.0
3.5
O
ial 3.0
11
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2.2
0
10 20 30 40 50 tu IV
PERCENT SLOPE
t
SMYL—FO
MULA
'
—Uzi
--'-5-Feb-75
-7---,- r -
41-
-770.25
'O.2E
0.2
T
'J
LOI
7
LT
A
7-
5:;- 5 Cos I yk
i+
0.5co
S.
u_
71
0.3c
.
Jill
I'l
111
fl
-4
L
7_1
cr
--T
Q.
Y
— ---------
ID I
r -T—,-
td
L4
C.4(
w-1
01
0.5(
7
7
0.5,1
06C
_E
7
Q6t
0.7C
-----------
07E
T i
0.8 (
0.9c
T -r-
-
_ I
1.0c
1.50
I L
;L iI-j-�_77_;
7-
t--
__-7 ----
7-
2.0
El
2.5(
j.
RAL'ok
§ibENTIAL-L I
—H
3.0
Ll
-*:-i .
5.01
GO
10 20 30 40 50 tu IV
PERCENT SLOPE
AL/jk 80,022.1
Dec. 10, 1974
SLOPE -DENSITY
FORMULA: Urban Services
Available
9,900
FOOTHILL RESIDENTIAL
(Composite from s=5
to s=65)
9,910
d=0.5+0.5 cos
(3(s-5)3 + 3.4{ 0.5+0.5
8
cos (3(S-5)3}
9,940
----------------`-------------------
Slope Density
Gr.acres AverageSlope
-----------------------------------
Density Gr.acres
Average
X D.U.per
per D.U. lot area
10,080
% D.U.per per D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
8
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
s d
1/d 43,560/d
4.170
s d 1/d
43,560/d
0-5
4.400
0.227
9,900
5.5
4.395
0.228
9,910
6
4.381
0.228
9,940
6.5
4.357
0.230
10,000
0
4.323
0.231
10,080
7.5
4.281
0.234
10,170
8
.4,230
0.236
10,300.
8.5
4.170
0.240
10,440
9
4.103
0.244
10,620
9.5
4.028
0.248
10,810
10
3.946
0.253
11,040
10.5
3.858
0.259
11,290
11
3.764
0.266
11,570
11.5
3.665
0.273
11.,880
12
3.562
0.281
12,230
12.5
3.455
0.289-
12,610
13
3.344
0.299
13,030
.19.5
3.232
0.309
13;480
14
3.117
0.321
13,970
14.5
3.002
0.333
14,510
15
2.885
0.347
15.,100
15.5 ..
2.769
0.361
15,730
16
2.654
0.377
16,410
16.5
2.540
0.394
17,150
17
2.428
0.412
17,940
17.5
2.318
0.431
18,800
18
2.210
0.453
19,71.0
18.5
2.105
0.475
20,690
19,
2.004
0.499
21,740
19;5
1.906
0.525
22,860,
20
1..811
0.552
24,050
21
1.635
0.612
26,650
22
1.474
0.678
29,550
23
1.330
0.752
32,740
24
1.203
0.831
36,220
25
1.090
0.917
39,950
26
0.992
1.008
43,900
27
0.907
1.102
48,000
28
0.833
1.200
52,300
29
0.769
1.300
56,600
14
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
>63
0.713
1.402
0.664
1.506
0.621
1.611
0.582
1.719
0.546
1.831
0.513
1.948
0.482
2.073
0.453
2.206
0.425
2.352
0.398
2.512
0.372
2.690
0.346
2.889
0.321
3.113
0.297
3.369
0.273
3.662
0.250
3.999
0.228
4.392
0.206
4.852
0.185
5.395
0.165
6.045
0.146
6.828
0.128
7.786
0.111
8.974
0.095
10.47
0.081
12.40
0.067
14.93
0.054
18.35
0.043
23:13.
0.033
30.11
0.024
40.86
0.017
58.70
0.011
91.52
0.006
162.4
0.003
365.1
0
-
61,100
65,600
70,200
74,900
79,800
84,900
90,300
96,100
102,400
109,400
117,200
125,800
135,600
146,700
159 ,500
174,200
191,300
211,300
235,000
263,300
297,400
339 , 200
390,900
456,000
540,000
650,000
799,000
1,008,000
1,312,000
1,780,000-
2,557,000
3,987,000
7,080,000
15,900,000
•
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 30, 1973
Rev. Feb. 10, 1975
SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA* Urban Services Not Available
RURAL RESIDENTIAL
0 a 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x 2.7°)
Slope Density Gr.acres Average Slope Density Gr.acres Average
X D.U.per per D.U. lot area % D.U.per per D.U. lot area
gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq.ft.
e d 1/d 43,560/d a d 1/d 43,560/d
0
0.200
5.000
217,800
35
0.092
10.85
473,000
1
0.200
5.003
218,000
36
0.087
11.43
498,000
2
0.200
5.011
218,000
37
0.083
12.08
526,000
3
"0.199
5.025
219,000
38
0.078
12.79
557,000
4
0.198
5.045
220,000
39
0.074
13.58
592,000
5
0.197
5.070
221,000
40
0.069
14.47
630,000
6
0.196
5.101
222,000
47,
0.065
15.47
674,000
7
0.195
5.139
224,000
42
0.060
16.59.
723,000
8
0.193
5.182
226,000
43
0.056
17.86
778,000
9
0.191
5.232
228,000
44
0.052
19.30
841,000
10
0.189
5.288
230,000
45
0.048
20.94
912,000
11
0.187
5.352
233,000
46
0.044
22.84
995,000
12
0.184
5.422
236,000
47
0.040
25.03
1,090,000
13
0.182
5.500
240,000
48
0.036
27.58
1,200,000
14
0.179
5.586
243,000
49
0.033
30.58
1,330,000
15
0.176
5.681
247,000
50
0.029
34.14
1,490,000
16
0.173
5.784
252,000
51
0.026
38.41
1,670,000
17
0.170
5.897
257,000
52
0.023
43.58
1,900,000
18
0.166
6.019
262,000
53
0.020
49.92
2,180,000
19
0.163
-6.153
268,000
54
0.017
57.83
2,520,000
20
0.159
6.298
274,000
55
0.015
67.86
2,960,000
21
0.155
6.456
281,000
'56
0.012
80.85
3,520,000
22
0.151
6.627
289,000
57
0.010
98.07
4,270,000
23
0.147
6.812
297,000
58
0.008
121.6
5,300,000
24
0.143
7.014
306,000
59
0.006
154.9
6,750,000
25
0.138
7.232
315,000
60
0.005
204.3
8,900,000
26
0.134
7.470
325,000
61
0.004
282.1
12,290,000
27
0.129
7.728
337,000
62
0.003
415.2
18,090,000
28
0.125
8.008
349,000
63
0.002
671.6
29,250,000
29
0.120
8.314
362,000
64
0.001'
1268.
55,240,000
30
0.116
8.647
377,000
>64
0
-
-
31
0.111
9.011
393,000
32
0.106
9.409
410,000
33
0.102
9.845
429,000
34
0.097
10.32
450,000
AL/jk 80,022.1
Feb.
10, 1975
•SLOPE
-DENSITY
FORMULA:
Urban Services Not
Available
VERY
LOW DENSITY RURAL
RESIDENTIAL
0.025
+ 0.025
cos (s x
2.70)
--------------------------------------------------
Slope
Density
Gr.acres
Average
Slope
=----------------------
Density
Gr.acres Average
_
X
D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
X
D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
a
d
1/d
43,560/d
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
0
0.050
20.00
871,200
35
0.023
43.41
1,890,000
1
0.050
20.01
872,000
36'
0.022
45.73
1,990,000
2
0.050
20.04
873,000
37
0.021
48.31
2,100,000
3
0.050
20.10
876,000
38
0.020
51.16
2,230,000
4
0.050
20.18
879,000
39
0.018
54.34
2,370,000
5
0.049
20.28
883,000
40
0.017
57.89
2,520,000
6
0.049
20.41
889,000
41
0.016
61.87
2,700,000
0.049
20.55
895,000
42
0.015
66.35
2,890,000
8
0.048
20.73
903,000
43
0.014
71.42
3,110,000
9
0.048
20.93
912,000
44
0.013
77.18
3,360,000
10.
0.047
21.15
921,000
45
0.012
83.77
3,650,000
11
0.047
21.41
932,000
46
0.011
91.34
3,980,000
12
6.046
21.69
945,000
47
0.010
100.2
4,360,000
13
0.045
22.00
958,000
48
0.009
110.3
4,810,000
14
0.045
22.34
973,000
49
0.008
122.3
5,330,000
T'
15
0.044
22.72
990,000
_50
0.007
136.6
5,950,000
•
16
0.043
23.14
1,010,000
51
0.007
153.6
6,690,000
17
0.042
23.59
1,030,000
52
0.006
174.3
7,590,000
18
0.042
24.08
1,050,000
53
0.005
199.7
8,700,000
19
0.041
24.61
1,070,000
54
0.004
231.3
10,100,000
.
20
0.040
25.19
1,100,000
55
0.004
271.4
11,800,000
21
0.039
25.82
1,120,00056
0.003
323.4
14,100,000
22
0.038
26.51
1,150,000
57
0.003
392.3
17,100,000
23
0.037
27.25
1,190,000
58
0.002
486.3
21,200,000
24
0.036
28.05
1,220,000
59
0.002
619.6
27,000,000
. 25
0.035
28.93
1,260,000
60
0.001
817.2
35,600,000
26
0.033
29.88
1,300,000
61
0.001
1129.
49,200,000
270.032
30.91
1,350,000
>62
0.001
1661.
72,300,000
28
0.031
32.03
1,400,000
29
0.030
33.26
1,450,000
30
0.029
34.59
1,510,000
31
0.028
36.04
1,570,000
32
0.027
37.64
1,640,000
33
0.025
39.38
1,720,000
34
0.024
41.30
1,800,000
i I; i I i T+ I -1 j i,� S321�V- V3i}tl 10� 39tl2i3AV
..
L.jX
w•. -.i
p N M K N fD
r OD O1N
p N
O\
} Om
, I.
,TP r -r_'.
N M M QON
4y..If1 l
r '
i I; i I i T+ I -1 j i,� S321�V- V3i}tl 10� 39tl2i3AV
�' I ;tel
I l..
�
1 �.�—
..1 .,.�.�o� �aC•� � Q j _� I I' 11 I 1 1 �
, I.
,TP r -r_'.
4y..If1 l
r '
j O
Imo- 10 i N ' .i r 1 _...'. I �, f '•-L y L 1 -Ij � J—� J
I._I 1. } {�- L
-
7 1-�N
0'.
09 t 1�rrl
L 4 ti
Lrrl.�
HE
L
-T-F,
v i- 1i3 3+ I 1 iie_I`j Li I+
/'�
!-
1
1,
� , -r {
'. I
Tr ' � I..... -_'_ �-,-m to .---L- - '-t. � _• ,
J E
Np
(j
rn
Ott
IA I
-1
I
_M
O m r D a
0 0 O O 0 0
O O
D
9
0
v
Ji
N
C
I
e
AL/jk 80,027..1
April'15, 1974
SANTA
CLARA COUNTY SLOPE -DENSITY
FORMULA (1)
1.
Public
water supply and sanitary
sewers available.
1.000
(Min.
lot area 1 -'ross acre)
1.000
43,560
d - 1.2
------=-------------------------"------------------------------------
- 0.2s; from_s = 10,t6 s
50
5
Slope
Density Average
Slope Density
Average
43,560
D.U.per let area
C D.U.per
lot area
8
gross acre sq.ft.
gross acre
sq.ft.
S
d 43,560/d
s d
43,560/d
0
1.000
43,560
1.
1.000
43,560
2
1.000
43,560
3
1.000
43,560
4
1.000
43,560
5
1.000
43,560
6
1.000
43,560
7
1.000
43,560
8
1.000
43,560
9
1.000
43,560
10
1.000
43,560
11
0.9£0
44,450
12
0.960
45,3£0
13
0. 9110
46,340
14
0.920
47,350
15
0.900
48,400
16
0.880
49,500
17
0.860
50,650
18
0.840
51,860
19
0.820
53,120
20
0.800
54,450
21
.0.780
55,850
22
0.760
57,320
23
0.740
58,860
24
0.720
60,500
I
25
0.700
_ 62,230
26
..0.680
64,060
27
0.660
66,000
28
0.640
68,060
29
0.620
70,260
30
0.600
72,600
31
0.580
75,100
32
0.560
77,790
33
0.540
80,670
34
0.520
831770
35
0.500
87,120
36
0.480
90,750
37
0.460
94,700
38
0.440
99,000
39
0.420
103,700
40
0.400.
108,900
41
0.380
114,600
42
0.360
121,000
43
0.340
128,100
44
0.320
136,100
45
0.300
145,200
46
0.280
155,600
47
0.260
167,500 -
48
0.240
181,500
49
.0.220
198,000
50
0.200
217,800
over 50
0.200
217,800
T.1
AL/jk 80,022.1
April' 15, 1974
SANTA CLARA COUNTYSLOPE-DENSITY FORMULA (2)
Public water supply available, sanitary sewers not available.
(Min. lot area 1.75 gross acres)
d = 0:6809 - 0.010952s; from -s-_ 1.0 to s = 50
Slope Density' Average Slope Density Average
2 D.U.per lot area % D.U.per lot area
gross acre sq. ft.. gross acre sq.ft.
S d 43,560/d s d 43,560/d
0
0.571
76,230
2�
0.407
107,000
1
0.511
76,230
26
0.396
110,000
..2
!0.571
76,230
27
0.385
113,100
3
0.571
76,230
28
0.374
116,400
4
0.571
76,230
29
0.363
119,900
5
0.571
76,230
30
0.352
123,600
6
0.571
76,230
31
0.341
127,600
7
0.571
76,230
32
0.330
131,800
8
0.571
76,230
33
0.319
136,300
9
0.571
76,230
34
0.309
141,200
10
0.571
76,230
35
0.298
146,400
ll
0.560
77,730
36
0.287
152,000
12
0.549
79,280
37
0.276
158,000
13
0.539
80,890
38
0.265
164,500
14
0.528
82,570
139
0.254
171,700
15
0.517
84,320
40
0.243
179,400
16
0.506
86,140
41
0.232
187,900
17
0.495
88,050
42
0.221
197,200
18
0.484
90,040
43
0.210
207,500
19
0.473
92,130
44
0.199
218,900
20
0.462
94,310
45
0.188
231,600
21 _
0.451
96,61.0
46
0.177
246,000
22
0.440
99,010
47
0.166
262,200
23
0..429
101,500
48.
0.155
280,700 -
24
0.418
104,200
49
0.144
302,000
50
0.133
326,670
over 50
0.133
326,670
T.2.
r
`
SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOPE -DENSITY
Public water supply and sanitary
(Min. lot area 2.5 gross acres)
d = 0.475 - 0.0075s; from s = 10
---------------------------------=
Slope Density Average
D.U.per lot area
gross acre sq.ft.
s d 43,560/d
AL/jk
April
FORMULA (3)
sewers not available.
to s = 50
---------------------------------
Slope Density
6 D.U.per
gross acre
s d
80,022.1
15, 1974
Average
lot area
sq.ft.
43,560/d
0
0.4000
1.08,900
25
0.2875
151,500
1
0.4000
108,900
26
0.2800
155,600
2
0.4000
108,900
27
0.2725
159,900
3
0.4000
'108,900
28
0.2650
164,400
4
0.4000
108,900
29
0.2575
169,200
5
0.4000
108,900
30
0.2500
174,200
6
0.4000
].08,9(10
3.1
0.2425
179,600
7
0.4000
108,900
32
0.2350
1.85,400
8
0.4000
108,900
33
0.2275
.191,500
9
0.4000
108,900
34
0.2200
198,000
10
0.4000
108,900
35
0.2125
205,000
11
0.3925
111.,000
36
.0.2050
2.12,500
12
0.3850
113,100
37
0.1975
220,600
13
0.3775
115,400
38
0.1900
229,300
•
14
"0..3700
117 7:00
39
0.1825
238,700
15
0.3625
120,7.00
40
0.1750
248,900
16
0.3550
'122,700
41
0.1675
260,100
17
0.3475
125,400
42
0.1600
272,300
18
0.3400
128,100
43
0.1525
285,600
19
0.3325
131,000
44
0.1450
300,400
Q
20
0.3250
134,000
45
0.1375
316,800
21
0.3175
137,200
46
0.1300
335,100
22
0.3100
140,500
47
0.1225
355,600
23
0.3025
144,000
48
0.1150
378,800
24
0.2950
147,700
49.
0.1075
.405,200
50
0.1000
435,600
over 50
0.1000
435,600
�y
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
DEFINITIONS OF STEEPNESS
------------------------
Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways, as the
relation between the sides of a triangle representing a verti-
cal section of a hill, or as the angle between the terrain and
the horizontal plane.
The letters s, v and h in the attached table indicate a distance
on the ground and its vertical and horizontal projections; the
letter a represents the angle between the sloping and the hori-
zontal sides of a triangle.
Unfortunately, the definitions of the terms "slope", "grade",
"gradient" and "batter", and of the expression "the slope is
one to .." are not well known or uniformly applied, which
causes much confusion. It would be desirable if only the one
called "slope" were used (as a ratio or a percentage); the others
require conversion to and from map measurements.
Angles may be measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, or in
degrees with decimal fractions, or in grads a right angle is
100 grads; lc=100 =10,000, -but decimals of suffice), or in
radians (a right angle islf/2 rad). Radians are the standard
measurement of angles in the modernized metric system, but grads
are more practical for surveying; transits and other instruments
in countries using the metric system are usually calibrated in
grads.
Incidentally, the triangle on the attached page has a slope of
70%, and the angle a is 350. This is about the steepest hill
onecan walk on (provided the ground is not slippery); steeper
hills require scrambling with the help of one's hands. -
The terms "slope", "grade" and "batter" are defined according
to a paper by James 0. Berkland, Senior Engineering Geologist,
Santa Clara County Department of Public Works.
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
CONVERSION BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS OF SLOPE
-------------------------
-------------------
Example 1
Example 2
---------
Example 3
---------
Example 4
---------
Example 5
Slope - v/h tan a
0.1000
0.3000
0.5000
1.0000
infinite
Slope (percent) - 100v/h
10.00%
30.00%
50.002
100.00%
infinite
Grade - v/s sin a
0.0995
0.2873
0.4472
0.7071
1
Grade (percent) = 100v/s
9.95%
28.73%
44.72%
70.71%
100%
Gradient = v(ft)/
/s(miles) = 5280 sin a
525.4
1517.2
2361.3
3733.5
5280
Batter h/v cot a
10x1
3.333c1
2-1
Irl
0
One to .... 1 h
ltIO
1x3.333
lr2
lel
infinite
v
Angle (degrees)
5042'38"
16°41'57"
26'33'54"
45°
900
Angle (grads)
6.3451c
18,5547c
29.5167c
50c
100c
Angle (radians)
0.0997
0.2915
0.4636
0.7854
1.5708
h
v
.0
AL/mc—jk. 80,022.1
Hill Area General Plan May 14, 1974
GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Slope
a S
b
y=sin x'� "y=Cos x
90° 1800 2700 3600
Most of the presented slope -density
formulas are polygonal, i.e, broken
lines. The sloping section of this
line applies the general formula for
a straight line, d=a-bs. Density (d)
decreases the amount of b for every
unit of slope (s).
I
The trigonometric functions of sine
(sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan, to
or tg) and cotangent (cot, ctn or ctg)
are defined by a right-angle triangle:
sin Q = a/c, cos cL = b/c, tan d = a/ b,
cot ei = b/a.
Several of the presented formulas are
sine curves, a type of curve common in
nature as well as in technology. Waves
are.sine curves (unless near the point
of.breaking). Voltage of alternating
current (AC) is a sine function of time.
- A cosine curve is identical with a
sine curve, only with a phase displace-
ment.
-I-
`•
IA
AL/mc-ik 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
a+b
a -b
d= a+b cos(s+c)
The slope -density sine curves are of
the type d=a+b cos(s+c). The maximum
value of d is a+b, when s=0. The mini-
mum value of d is a -b, when s=180°/c.
If a=b, the minimum of d is 0.
180°
C
---------------------=-------
b
b
°.2-b-
S
One of the slope -density formulas is a
hyperbola (one of the conic sections),
a curve which in each direction
X
approaches, but never meets a straight
line. The simplest hyperbola is y=1/x.
(For instance, y may represent dwelling
units per net acre, x average lot area
in acres; if x is expressed in square
feet, y=:43560/x.)
The presented hyperbola is.of.the type
d=a/.(s+b)-c. When_s=0, d=a/b-c. When
d=0, s=a/c-b.
-2-
110
Hill Area General Plan
GAIN OR LOSS IN NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS
DETERMINED BY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
Gain of dwelling units
by dividing property
(loss by consolidating):
Concave part of curve*
Loss of dwelling units
by dividing property
(gain by consolidating):
Convex part of curve*
A=
100 oc
AL/mc-jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Example 1 (County 1 l graph)
200 ac 50% slope: 40 DU
or:
100 30% 60 "
100 70% 20 "
(100% gain) 80
------------------------------------------
Example 2 (County I adj. graph;
nigh Sine graph)
200 ac 60% slope: 10 DU; 14 DU
or:
100 " 50% " 21 " 18 "
100 70% ". 5 5 "
(160% gain) 26 23 "(64% gain)
------------------------------------------
Example 3 (County 1 graph; Sine I graph)
200 ac 10% slope: 200 DU; 189 DU
or:
100'" 5% "' 100 98 "
100 15% _ " 90 " 88 "
(5% loss) 190 186 "(1.6% loss)
B=
10000
* The reading for the undivided property does not have to be
located at the break of the polygonal graph. The gain or loss
occurs whenever one reading of the divided property falls on
the horizontal section of the graph and the other on the sloping
section. The property does not have to be divided in equal parts.
I <r
0
0
•
CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN
APPENDIX A
HTo ,I 1
I
I
n
u
TABLE OF'CON",=r-S
Section I (Statement of Purpose) ................................ Page 1'
Section 11 (Discussion of Slope) ................................ Pages 1-3
• Section !II (Description of Slope -Density Fc=ulas ............... Pages 4-8
11
Section ID (:Model Slope -Density Analysis ........................ Pages 9-15
._-I A -aa 3ete:al an
Appendix A
Slooe-,Densi:;, ?o-mulas
Sectiot 1: ?u:-oose of This Document •
This document has been prepared with the intent of acquainting the general reader
with the slope -density approach to determining the intensity of residential
development. The slope -density approach was incorporated in the hillside plan
in order to develop an equitable means of assigning dwelling unit credit to
property owners. In addition to offering the advantage of equal treatment for
property owners, the slope -density formula can also be designed to reflect
judgments regarding aesthetics and other factors into a mathematical model which
determines the number of units per acre on a given piece of property based upon
the average steepness of the land. Generally speaking, the steeper the average
slope of the property, the fewer the number of units which will be permitted.
Although the slope -density formula can be used as an effective means to cont-ol
development intensity, the formula itself cannot determine the ideal development
pattern. The formula determines only the total number of dwelling units, allow-
able on the property, based upon the average slope; it does not determine the
optimum location of those units on the property. Exogenous factors not regulated
by the slope -density formula such as grading, tree removal, or other environmental
factors would be regulated by other means. The slope -density formulas do not
represent by themselves a complete safeguard against development detrimental
to the environment; but, together with other conservation measures, they are
considered a valuable planning device.
Section 2: Discussion of "Slope"
W
Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways: As the relationship between
the sides of the triangle representing a vertical section of a hill, or as the
angle between the terrain and the horizontal plain, to name two. Unfortunately,
the definitions of the terms "slope",11 rade" "gradient", "batter"
g g and of the
expression "the.slpe is 1 to ..." are not well known or uniformly applied
causing much confusion. For purposes of this section, the concept of steepness
of terrain will be defined and discussed as a "percentage of slope".
"Percent of slope" is defined as a measurement of steepness.of slope which is the
ratio between vertical and horizontal distances expressed in percent. As
illustrated below, a 50% slope is one which rises vertically 5 ft. in a 10 ft.
horizontal distance.
-1-
-OD"
•
:--- area General ?_an
Appendix A
Slope -Density Formulas
• One of the most common confusions of terminology relative to terrain steepness is
the synonymous usage of "percent of grade" and "degree of grade". However, as
the illustration below indicates, as percent of grade increase, land becomes
steeper at a decreasing rate. The present slope -density formulas specified by
the City of Cupertino require more land for development as the rate of percent
of grade increases. Thus, the relationship between percent of grade and degree
of grade is inverse rather than corresponding.
•
•
aw, Ifg
u s
Oaf ,y
At u•
a41 IN
[ K %P
�U79
y M
0
IS 40
rt �
16 w
61 i.
e
To more accurately assess the impact of steepness of.terrain on the. feasibility of
residential development, it might be helpful to examine some of phenomenon
commonly associated with increasing percentages of slope steepness.)
1. William Spangle 6 Associates Slope Density Study - Phase I. (Published October, 1
William Spangle and Associates was retained by County to assist the effort of
Planning Policy Committee relative to Santa Cruz Mountain Study and Montebello
Ridge Study.
-2-
an
?.00endis A
Slone -Density =ormulas
Percent of.Slope Descrirtion of Slone Problems •
0-52 Relative level land. Little or no development problems
due to steepness of slope.
5-755 Minimum slope problems increasing to significant slope
problems at 155. 152 is the maximum grade often considered
desirable on subdivision streets. Above 15%, roads must
run diagonally to, rather than at right angles to contours
increasing the amount of cut and fill. For example, the
lower segment of San Juan Road in the Cupertino foothills
averages 202 in grade.
15-3= Slope becomes a very significant factor in development at ::is
steepness. Development of level building sites requires
extensive cut and fill in this slope category and the design:
of individual houses to fit terrain becomes important.
30-502 Slope is extremely critical in this range. Allowable
steepness of cut and fill slopes approach or coincide with
natural slopes resulting in very large cuts and fills
under conventional development. In some cases, fill will
not hold on these slopes unless special retaining devices
are used. Because of the grading problems associated with
this category, individual homes should be placed on natura•
building sites where they occur, or buildings should be
designed to fit the particular site.
502+ Almost any development can result in extreme disturbances in
this slope category. Except in the most stable native materia:
special retaining devices may be'needed.
0
Hill area General F' -an
Appendix A
Slope -Density Formulas
• Section Three: Description of -Slope -Density Formulas
1) The "Foothill Modified" Formula
d - 1.85 + 1.65 cos I(s-5) B 4.5}
51 s/_44
The "Foothill Modified" formula is designed for application to those properties
in the "Fringe" of the Hillside study area with average slopes less than 101.
The formula assumes availability of municipal services. Beginning at credit of
3.5 dwelling units/gr. acre, the formula follows a cosine curve of decreasing
density credit with increase of slope, achieving a constant above 43Z average slope.
II) The "Foothill Modified 1/2 Acre" Formula
d - 1.85 + 1.65 cos { (s-5) R 4.53
225 s J44
This formula is applied in the Urban Service Area to those properties where a
full range of municipal utility services are available. The formula begins at
density of 1/2 acre per dwelling unit which holds constant at 222 average slope.
From 222 to 432 average slope, the formula follows a cosine curve of decreasing
• density credit with increasing slope. The density credit above 43Z average slope
remains constant at 0.20 dwelling units/gr. acre.
III. The "Semi -Rural 5 Acre" Formula
d - 0.43 + 0.23 cos (s R 3.4)
The Semi -Rural Formula is intended for analysis of properties within the upper
reaches of Regnart Canyon where a full range of urban services is not available.
The formula begins at a density 0.66 dwelling units per acre and follows a regular
cosine curve 422 average slope. Above 422 average slope, the formula holds a
constant density credit of 0.20 dwelling units per gross acre.
TV. The "County III" Formula
d - 0.475 - 0.0075(s)
1OS s <_ 50
This formula is applied to those properties described on Exhibit C-1 which lie
outside of the Urban Service Area where no municipal utility services are provided.
The formula is of the "polygonal" type, with a constant of 0.40 dwelling unit per
gross acre from 0-102 average slope, a declining dwelling unit credit from 10%-507.
average slope and a constant dwelling unit credit of 0.10 dwelling units per acre
Sfor properties above 50Z average slope.
-4-
4.�
4.c
3.0
a
< z.s
1.5
®'
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 fi0
Slope -Density Formula: "Foothill Modified"
- 1.85 + 1.65 cos L (s-5) X 4.83
�6s<44
Slope
Density
Gr.acres
Average
D.U.per
per. D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
0-5
3.500
0.285
12,445
6
3.494
0.286
12,467
7
3.477
0.288
12,528
8
3.448
0.290
12,633
9
3.408
0.293
12,781
10
3.357
0.298
12,975
11
.3.296
0.303
13,868
12
3.224
0.310
13,511
13
3.143
0.318
13,868
14
3.053
0.328
14,267
15
2.954
0.339
14,746
16
2.848
0.351
15,294
17
2.734
0.366
15,932
18
2.614
0.383
16,664
2.489
0.402
17,501
•19
20
2.360
0.424
18,457
21
2,227
0.449
19,559
22
2.000
0.500
21,780
23
1.954
0.512
22,292
24
1.815
0.551
24,000
25
1.678
0.596
25,959
26
1.541
0.649
28,267
27
1.406
0.711
30,981
28
1.275
0.784
34,164
29
1.147
0.872
37,977
30
1.025
0.976
42,497
31
0.9081.101
47,973
32
0.798
1.253
55,209
33
0.696
1.437
62,586
34
0.601
1.664
72,479
35
0.515
1.942
84,582
36
0.439
2.278
99,225
37
0.372
2.688
117,096
38
0.315
3.175
138,285
39
0.270
3.698
161,081
40
0.236
4.240
184,576
41
0.213
4.694
204,507
42
0.201
4.980
216,716
43
0.200
5.000
217,800
•
-6-
51cpe-Deasit7 For=ula: "Foothill Modified 'I Acre"
d - 1.85 ++1.65 cos �Cs-5) % 4.8�
5 s 44
•
Slope
Density
Gr.acres
Average
D.D.per
per D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
0-22
2.000
0.500
21,780
23
1.954
0.512
22,292
24
1.815
0.551
24,000
25
.1.678
0.596
25,959
26
1.541
0.649
28,267
27
1.406
0.711 _
30,981
28
1.275
0.784
34,164
29-
1.147
0.872
37,977
30
1.025
0.976
42,497
31
0.908
1.101
47,973
32
0.798
1.253
55,209
33
0.696
1.437
62,586
34
0.601
1.664
72,479
35
0.515
1.942
84,582
36
0.439
2.278
99,22
37
0.372
2.688
117,09
38
0.315
3.175
138,285
39
0.270
3.698
7.61,081
40
0.236
4.240
184,576
41
0.213
4.694
204,507
42
0.201
4,980
216,716
43
0.200
5,000
217,800
•
-7-
F,
•04s
Slone
0.43
:)ensicy "Semi -Rural - 5
+ 0.23 cos (s x 4.0)
445
Ac"
Slone
Deasit7
Gr.acres
Average
Slope
Densit7
Gr.acres
Average
Z
D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
Z
.D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
gr.acra
gr.sa.ft.
s
d
1/d
43,560/d�
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
5
.660
1.515
66000
30
.315
3.175
138285
6
.640
1.562
68050
31
.301
3.318
144532
7
.633
1.579
68806
32
.288
3.467
151041
8
.625
1.599
69690
33
.276
3.622
157764
9
.616
1.623
70705
34
.265
3.779
164655
10
.606
1.649
71858
35
2.54
3.939
171624 .
11
.595
1.679
73134
36
.244
4.099
178582
12
.584
1.712
74601
37
134
4.256
185401
13
.572
1.749
76206
38
.227
4.407
191960
14
.559
1.789
77924
39
.219
4.548
198103
15
.545
1.835
79926
40
.214
4.675
203679
16
.531
1.884
82060
41
.208
4.787
209423
17
.516
1.937
84392
42
.205
4.877
212460
•18
.501
1.996
86933
43
.202
4.944
215389
19
.486
2.059
89695
44
.201
4.986
217196
20
.469
2.128
92692
45
.200
5.000
217800
21
.454
2.202
95938
46 ?
22
.438
2.282
99445
Z3
.422
2.369
103229
24
.406
2.463
107301
.25
.390
2.564
111674
26
.374
2.671
116359
27
.359
2.786
121362
28
.343
2.908
126686
29
.329
3.038
132330
•
-8-
Slope Density Formula: Santa Clara County #3 r
d - 0.475 - 0.0075s
•
-9-
M
0<s <50
Slope
Density
Average
Slope
Density
Average
7.
D.U.por
lot area
.%
D.U.per
lot area
gross acre
s q . f : .
-
gross acre
sq.ft.
a
d
43,560/d
s
d
43,560/d
0
0.4000,.
108,900
25
0.2875
151,50[
1
0.4000
ICS,900
26
0.2800
155,50[
2
0.4000
108,900
27
0.2725
159,90[
3
0.4000
108,900
28
0.2650
164,40C
4
0.4000
106,900
29
0.2575
169,20[
5
0.4000
108,900
30
0.2500
114,200
6
0.4000
108,900
31
0.2425
179,600
7
0.4000
108,900
32
0.2350
185,40C
8
0.4000
108,900
33
0.2275
191,500
9
0.4000
108,900
34
0.2200
198,000
10
0.4000
108,900
35
0.2125
205,0 C
11
0.3925
111,000
36
0.2050
212 0
12
0.3)S50
113,.100
37
0.1975
220, 0
13
0.3775
115,400
38
0.1900
229,300
14
0.3700
117,700
39
0.1825
238,700
15
0.3625
120,200
40
0.1750
248,900
16
0.3550
122,700
41
0.1675
260,100
17
0.3475
125,400
42
0.1600
27.2,300
18
0.3400
128,100
43
0.1525
285,600
19
0.3325
131,000
44
0.1450
300,400
20
0.3250
134,000
45
0.1375
316,800
21
0.3175
1379200
46
0.1300
335,100
22
0.3100
140,500
47
0.1225
355,600
23
0.3025
144,000
48
0.1150
318,600
24
0.2950
147,700
49
0.1075
405,2,00
50
0.1000
435,600
over 50
0.1000
435,600
•
-9-
M
Hill Area General ?tan
Appendix A
Slope -Density Formulas
• Section 4: How to Conduct a Slooe-Density An&lvsis (MaD Wheel Method)
The computation of density using a slope -density formula is relatively simple once
the basic concepts are understood. This section of Appendix A describes the basic
concepts in order to enable individuals to determine density. The City Planning
staff will provide technical assistance; however, it is the responsibility of the
owner or potential developer to provide accurate map materials used in the slope -
density investigation for a specific property.
The City has map material which is accurate enough to provide an approximate slope -
density evaluation. Accurate information needed to evaluate a specific development
proposal must be provided by the owner or developer.
SteD One: Selection of Map Material
To begin any slope -density investigation, it is important to select the proper
mapping material.. Maps on which maasurements are made must be no smaller in scale
than 1" - 200'. (1 t 2400) All maps must be.of the topographical type with
contour intervals not less than 10 ft.
If the map wheel method is used for measuring contours, or if a polar planimeter
• is used for measurement of an area, maps on which such measurements are made must
not be smaller in scale than 1" - 50' (1 t 600); these maps may be enlarged from
maps in a scale not less than 1" - 200'. Enlargement of maps in smaller scale than
1" - 200', or interpolation of contours is not permitted.
•
Step Two: •Lavout of Standard Grid System
The property for which area and slope are to be measured is divided into a nerwork
of "cells" constructed from a grid system spaced at 200.ft. intervals. In order
to ensure a common reference point and to prevent the practice of "gerrymandering"
the grid system to distort the average slope of the property, the grid system must
be oriented parallel to the grid system utilized by Santa Clara County's 1" - 500'
scale map series.
Figure 1 illustrates a hypothetical property divided into cells by a 200 ft. grid
network. It is perhaps easiest to construct the 200' x 200' cells by beginning
at an intersection point of perpendicular County grid lines ("Q" in Figure 1) and
then measuring 200 ft. intervals along the two County grid lines until the entire
property is covered with a network. After the grid lines have been laid out, it
is helpful to number each 200 ft. square cell or part thereof. Whenever the grid
lines divide the property into parts less than approximately 20,000 sq. ft., such
areas shall be combined with each other or with other areas so that a number of parts
-10-
11 area Ganeral an
Appendix A
i
Slope -Density Formulas
are formed with the areas approximately between 20,000 and 60,000 sq. ft. Celle
forged by combining several subareas should be given a single number and should
be shown on the map with "hooks" to indicate grouting (see area 2 on Figure 1).
At this point, the investigator should obtain a copy of the "Slope-Densicy Grid
Method Worksheet", Figure 2 of this document. Under Column A (land unit), each
line should be numbered down the page to correspond with the total number of cells
on the property. (Figure 2)
SipAIDARD G0.n7'Ggl� �Uf`( ;
. y0.t0 UNt
�Win ge
ft RwR:R1Y 1 3 5 °4*
roaoesrre , 5 �
ya�o 'esu.'
5 r ,� .I 111frJ(4lGf� p{. .
mom &COWTY
177swim
1I 1 I\
\ FIGURE 1
Step Three: Measurement of Area and Contour Length
With the map material properly prepared in Steps One and Two, we can now begin
the actual mechanics of the slope -density analysis. The first task is t�
ascertain the acreage of the subject property. This acreage figure is obtained
by measuring the area of each numbered cell divided by the 200 ft. grid, az1
then summing the results of the individual measurements. Since the standard
grid cell measures 200' x 200', it is only necessary to measure the area ttf
any non-standard size cell. Referring once again to the worksheet, as each
cell is calculated for area, the results should be entered in Column B (aur
•
Colimn C optional). see Figure 2. •
-11-
0
}
z
-12-
MUM
11111111�
-12-
`> 'AppendixaAGeneral '?lean
Slope-Deasity Formulas
•a'''rk .�.1 �
yty� Irregularly shaped cells may be measured for area quickly and accurately by means
of a polar planimeter. This device is analog instrument which traces the perimeter
of an arca' to be measured and gives the size in actual square inches. This measure-
r B q
ment is then multiplied by the square of the scale of the map being used. For
example, 1" - 200', the square of 200•ft. means 1" equals 40,000 sq. ft. The total
square footage of each cell can then be converted to acreage by dividing by 43,560
sq. ft. More detailed instruction in the use of the planimeter may be obtained
from the City Planning Department.
Areas of irregular shape can also be measured by dividing each part into triangles,
for which the areas are.determined by the formula A - base x height * 2, if a
planimeter is not available.
Having now determined the area of each cell,
one must
contour lengths of the property. Contour length and
factors in calculating the average slope of
the land.
interval is measured separately within each
standard
for whieh.the area has been calculated.
The map wheel (Figure 3) is set at
'
.
zero„ and is then rur. along the
:.entire length of a coutour- within the
ig1i boundary of the cell.: lifted and
wplaeedion the next°contour (with.out:!
r,:, resett_g n the wheel to zero) and';ao:
x1;rx
L=,,"forth until the tctzl length of
e c, contours of the specified interval
?•i within the individual cell is
r•determined. The map wheel will
_
:,display a figure in linear inches
traveled. This figure show on the
dial should than be multiplied by
the map scale. (Example: map wheel
reads - 143 inches, map scale is
,,'ikp' Sol. Contour length - 14.5 ;;•, ,<
50 - 750') . The results
now proceed to measure the
interval are both vital
Each contour of a specified
cell or other numbered zone
then be entered on the proper liximr FIGUBE 3
Column D (Figure 2) • a USING THE MAP WHEEL
.•.e':r•• •:k
'=< Step Four: Calculation of Averaee Slone
'^ Knowing the total length of•contours,•''`the contour interval, and the area of
numbered cell, one may now caleulatu the average slope of the land. Either
the two formulas below may be used ro.calculate average slope:
S0.00231L
A
Y
-13-
each
of
0
{
�'� it S\�,\ �� / '�t�j� _� � u y- {{�..)a�� • f�ir'�jl iL �j. J- p '.
j ���`�1���%.'/�����[/c��l ;� V r f 1,-�h���` -.i �'�♦ �'{' �C�_\�-' � j t� F a j f/.�
• _� _..arra% _ n ....f,: � _. (_ � �.j�.. _ _ �,• t ... t3v, -_c iiL-/.... � _.... .: n a_.
II..i11 Area General ?tan
Appendix A i
Slope -Density Formulas
" S average slope of ground'in percent
I 6 contour interval in feet,
L - combined length in feet of all contours on parcel
A - area of parcel in acres
The value 0.0023 is l sq. ft..expressed as.a percent of an acre:
1 sq, ft. 0.0023 ac.
43,560
S-IaLx100
A
S - average slope of ground in percent
I - contour intervaling feet 0
L - combined length in feet of all contours on parcel
A - area of parcel and square feet
The results should be entered on the appropriate line of Column E of the worksheet.
Step Five:' Determination of Dwelling 'Unit Credit
With the average slope of the cell now determined, one can calculate the dwelling
unit credit per cell by obtaining a factor from the appropriate slope -density table
(Section 3 of this document) then multiplying that factor by the area of the cell
in acres. Refer to Figure 4 to ascertain which formula applies to the proeprty
under investigation. The formula factor is found by.first reading the table
column "s" (slope) until reaching the figure corresponding to the average slope of
the cell being studied; neat, one reads horizontally to the "d" column (density
D.U./gr. ac.). This factor should be entered in Column F of the worksheet. The
factor in Column F is now multiplied by the acreage in Column B and the result enterer
under the appropriate slope -density formula title (Column G, H, I or J).
Step Six: Summation of Results
When ail cells in the parcel have been analyzed in the manner previously describe•
total for various components of the data may be derived and entered into the two
bottom rows of the worksheet. Columns B, C (if used), and D should be sux:ed
-15-
0
11
E
Hill Area General Plan
Appendix A
Slope -Density Formulas - -
at the bottom of the sheet. A mathematical average may be calculated for Column E.
Columns G through J should be .summed at; the bottom of the^page, The totals shown
at the bottom of Columns G through J represent the total number of dwelling units
permitted on that property, based on the.average slope, These totals should be
carried out to a minimum of two decimal places.
"Rounding" of Dwelling Unit'''Credit Results
The City Council, during its meeting of March 7, 1977, adopted'th'e following
policy regarding the rounding up of a numerical dwelling unit yield resulting
from application of a slope -density formula: _-
"The rounding up of the numerical yield resulting from application
of a slope -density formula may be permitted in cases where the
incremental increase in density from the actual yield to the
rounded yield will not result in a 10% increase of the actual
yield. In no case, shall an actual yield be rounded up to the next
whole number unless the fractional number is .5 or greater."
N
Dr.af:t. AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1
August 7, 1975
APPENDIX A
• APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
TO DECIDE" DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
(This Appendix A is written in such a form that it can serve
as a base for an ordinance. Reasons for the various rules are
not included in this appendix. These reasons and further explan-
ations are included in the section "Slope -Density Formulas" in
the more voluminous Appendix B•)
Adopted Slope -Density Formulas
The following slope -density formulas shall be applied to decide
the number of dwelling units on properties within the limits
indicated on Exhibit Al, and either within the jurisdiction of
the City of Cupertino or subject to prezoning procedures prior
to annexation to the City of Cupertino.
(1) Within the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Foothill
Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi-
nation including the suffix - 7.5s; where connection to an
urban sewer system is required:
8
40 d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)] + 3.4(0.5 O.5 cos[3(s-5)]j
d being density in dwelling units per gross acre, and s
slope in percent; the expression 3(s-5) is in degrees,
defined as. 1/360 of a full circle.
(2) Within the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Foothill
Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi-
nation including the suffix - 65s; where connection to an
urban sewer system is not required:
d = [1 + cos(2.7s)] t 3;
d being density in dwelling units
slope in percent; the expression
as 1/360 of a full circle.
per gross acre, and s
2.7s is in degrees, defined
(3) Outside the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Rural
Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi-
nation including the suffix - 218s; where connection to an
urban sewer system is not required:
• d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s);
d being density in dwelling units per gross acre, and s
slope in percent; the expression 2.7s is in degrees, defined
as 1/360 of a full circle.
-1-
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1
August 7, 1975
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
• TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.)
The tables enclosed as Exhibits A2, A3, A4, derived from the slope -
density formulas, shall.be utilized for computation of density,
rather than direct application of the formulas or the utilization
of a graph.
Map Material
Maps on which measurements are made shall not be in a smaller
scale than 1:-2400 (1 inch to 200 feeti, and contour intervals
shall be not less than 10 feet. Enlargement of saps in smaller
scale than 1-2400 or interpolation of contours is not permitted.
If a planimeter is used for measuring of area, or a "map wheel"
for measuring of contours, maps on which measurements are made
shall not be in a scale smaller than 1.-600 (1 inch to 50 feet);
these maps may be enlarged from maps in a scale not smaller than
1-2400.
The previous two paragraphs notwithstanding, an enlargement to a
scale not less than 1-2400 from the United State Geological Survey
maps in scale 1-24,000 (1 inch to 2000 feet) with 40 -ft. contours
• may be utilized for subdivisions outside the Urban Service Area,
provided that no lot in the subdivision is smaller than 20 acres.
Standard Grid System for Measuring of. Area and Slope
The map of the property for which area and slope is to be measured
shall be divided by grid lines. The distance between the grid
lines shall be 200 feet (or 50m) if slope is measured with the
help of a "map wheel"; 100 feet (or 20m) if slope is measured by
the method referred to as the "computer method"; 50 feet (or 20m)
if the method referred to as the "category method" is utilized.
The grid system shall be oriented parallel to the grid system
utilized in Santa. Clara County's map system in scale 1e6000
(1 inch to 500 feet). The grid lines shall coincide with 200 feet,
100 feet or 50 feet multiples (depending on which measuring
method is being used) of the County's coordinates; except that
if the metric system is used, the zero point for the metric co-
ordinates shall coincide with the zero point for the County's
coordinates in feet.
• 72_
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1
August 7, 1975
• APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.)
------------------ -------------------------------
Measuring of Slope
Slope may be measured according to either of the following three
methods:
(1) "Map -Wheel" -Method :
Wherever the grid lines divide the property into parts
less th.an approximately 20,000 sq. ft., such areas shall
be combined with each other or with other areas, so a
number of parts are formed with areas approximately be-
tween 20,000 and 60,000 sq, ft. (I5 a 50m grid is used,
corresponding area is 1250 to 3750m •)
Parts other than the standard squares shall be measured
eith.er by planimeter or by dividing each part into tri-
angles, for which the areas are determined by the formula
Area = Base x Height 2. Area on the map is translated
to area in the terrain, depending on the scale, and
entered in a form (Exhibit A5).
SContours shall be measured separately within each standard
square or other part for which the area has been measured.
A "snap wheel" is run along a contour, lifted and placed
on next contour, et cetera, until the total length of con-
tours within the part has been measured. The result is
translated from inches (or cm) on the map to feet (or m)
in the terrain, depending on the scale, and entered in
the form (Exhibit A5).
Slope for each standard square is calculated by either
of the three following formulas:
(A) Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (sq.ft.)
(B) Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (acres) x 43,560
(C) Slope (%) = Contours (m) x Contour interval
Area (m2)
• -3-
•
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1'
August 7 , 1975
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.)
---------------------------------------------------------------
(2) "Computer" Method:
The grid system divides the property into a.number of
parts, each 10,000 sq. ft. (or. 400 m2), or smaller.
The area of each part is computed by deciding the x -
and y -coordinates of the polygon formed by the property
boundary (or a closely approximating polygon if the
boundary is curvilinear, and applying the formula:
A = 0.5 1(xoyl+xly2+....+xn-lyn+ynyo) + (xlyo+x2yl+....+
+ynyn-l+x0yn)];
other computer methods which do not exceed 0.1% inherent
approximation in the calculations themselves (as opposed
to the measurements) are permitted. Print the resulting
area for each standard square or part.
Slope within each standard grid square on the map is com-
puted from the elevations of the corners of the square.
The following methods may be used:
(A) Approximate elevations of the corners of the standard
grid square from the contours and calculate:
s = 50 (vp2+q2 + u2+v2) t a;
where s is slope in percent; p, q, u, v are differences
between elevations of successive corners of the grid
square, starting at the highest corner and proceeding
in one direction; a is the side of the grid square.
(.B) Test the difference in elevations between successive
corners of the standard grid square and divide each
difference with the length of the side of the square;
test the difference in elevations between opposite
corners of the square and divide each difference with
the length of the diagonal of the square; select and
print the highest value within each standard square.
• -4,
Draft AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1
. August 7, 1975
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Apply a method.which can be shown to be not less accurate
than the least accurate of the two aforementioned
methods (A) and (E).
This approximation is inherent: that in many cases
the slope of the entire standard grid square is applied
to apart of the square located within the property
boundary.
(3) "Slope -Category" -Method (for computer application):
Approximate the boundaries of the property to grid
lines in such a way that the area of the approximated
parcel, consisting of a number of standard grid squares
each 2500 sq. ft. (or 400 m2), is as close as possible
to the actual area of the property.
Calculate slope within each standard square according
to one of the methods stated under (2) above. Range
• the slope figures within categnries: 0-0.500%, 0.501-1.500%,
1.501-2.500%, etc. (except 0-5.25.0°0, 5.251-5.750°„', 5.751-
,6.250%,....19.751-20.500%, 20.501-21.500%, etc. where the
"Foothill Residential” slope -density formula applies).
Count the number of standard grid squares within each
slope category; multiply this number with the area of a
standard grid square; print slope category and the total
area within each category.
This approximation is inherent: that slope is calculated
not on the actual parcel, but on a number of standard
grid squares approximating the parcel.
Calculation of Dwelling Unit Credit
The following calculations will establish the number of Dwell-
ing Units for which each standard grid square or part is credited:
Select the slope number in the applicable slope -density
table (Exhibit A2, A3, or A4 ) nearest to the calculated
slope; that is, rounded off upward or downward. Note
the corresponding number of Dwelling Units per acre (or
per 100,000 sq. ft., or per hectar), multiply this number
• with the area of the standard grid square in acres (or in
sq. ft. divided by 100,000, or in m2 divided by 10,000).
-5-
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.22
80,022.1
August 7, 1975
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
• TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.)
The product shall be entered with three decimals in
the form (Exhibit A5), or in the computer printout.
The sum of these products for all standard grid squares
and other parts of the property is the Dwelling Unit
Credit for the entire property. The allowed maximum
number of dwelling units on the property (or transferred
to other property where the zoning ordinance permits
this) is the whole number contained in the Dwelling
Unit Credit number; that is, the Credit number is always
rounded off. downward.
Checking by the City Staff
Maps, measurements and calculations shall be submitted to the
City, and are subject to checking by the City staff-. To facil-
itate this checking, all intermediate steps described above
must be clearly stated on the indicated form (Exhibit A5),
or on computer printouts with approprite headlines.
•
ty
( 5Y`:.:.'1i lU r ♦."r -t < f� / li r N'/flrlf ( u'� '.
-.)Hlr ro N .-1 n ( - N J ".Y` !C ha �. `J% t�M ♦ IhA f �'(��t Y:
1 -R.N r -I •'O� � �H�t' � � � 1 ,ro,1 i-n.�.��J�C��?�=j LCL,' C'� t �'!Y�, -CI.
O,O
r
I • J C7 F ^'00 - ri N
sa v ''ctl N JJ co 00 .� m (J "./ )
1 r ✓ roles
J.
It al�f /yyl I L
1
4,C
•� v S °hug I p �: s 'v ,0
n'
Oep�✓vr^^-II /Lr 1/ I 2, r- J/
Pq
� /���1 1 i 1 I.. I/ } f ✓ ,i 'a �l t_�, � l t �.,.y
S
`'i� d{ -r�ti'1 � �-1( ` �� I� 7/'�� f'°o�,�=. �' o /r 4'fl � /' A, � � r f �`f� �'a�/`� ���✓;'.1 N
L:{ F s mil l � l ✓ . 4 /J� / - t � �/ / ! ' � � rif `til � < H N 1'
ll 1p^��r I
��Jv. <J ((f,,� tF t. �9✓`9' lip r�l'r�l�i w'
[ r 14 �\ F ��� ! p�(( S°t�J ✓� vi-+'O� CJ�'Jcr--��/� ,
IJ �S%,SI)i, ✓f) i � - � . ' I 1\� �� t� Li 1 '�-
`"
y o X311° w
cd
111 Y J Y S ( F [ f / / 'L� '�• J r!' ) Yom'` 1 F f) r'i_)� \\�� f\, w
NIV
\t 1 �' ' t ? 1ti f i' r ✓''✓ � 5� �'.-�, ({ I, S q r� � ` "t �hryr y y .' � T 3 rJ—c.✓ f g �. � L jy �� ` F ..
�`�1 ` °✓ ��r fI �l� \�./'l�c. ���..V'�N��
: * ('�` L� „t, ✓J 1(1 �' �i} \� ;��i� `' Iltf �ri,fl �/�� C�'�: ��-''�S t �.:�\ 1a�"✓
b � "" 1 �. f!�- 1 ` U i J I Y: h/ti • /, $ i� V:C �ti "ti r A�/.
��� � ✓ ✓ E h C! {._. r f / of d n Cvl !f-0 i( l� - )!li I (rl v,-l���gryg"""9-„'+.t'� /f
� 1 .:� tr � r 's t ✓ •i {i`Z -,,. J,% 7 r� t� ��.. ” ' t ti r �{Stl. ✓�v �r �lyryl iil(.f\��:
1 U \ ✓i• \ L\ N 4 1 KY qJ� b .; i /Y c �� L I'Y r
v � 4 L ' iin �. 4 J )✓r"�r � /� � q St: � ✓ � r�iij° I h�����
-' .� .;JV•a �.'.".e. .'✓\�u, ,11.E '1 �r YY:, u�. ... `�: .l �i.y frC�f� �. .. �..„C�i ���-,"�\i%�
(
i .J c. IA
C'
•
I \.
Exhibit A-2
0-5
4.400
0.227
9,900
Al, /J Y.
80,022.1
0.228
9,91.0
6
4.381
Dec.
10, 1974
SLOPE-DENSTTY
FORMULA:
Urban Services
Available
' '7
-'4.323
FOOTHILL RESIDENTIAL
(Composite
from
s=5 to s=65)
0.234
10,170
d=0.5+0.5 cos
[3(s-5)] +
3.4{ 0.5-10.5
8
cos [3(s-5)]}
8.5
4.170
---------------------
Slope Density
Gr.acr^_s
---------------------------------------------
Average
Slope Density
Gr.ncres
Average
R D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area2
D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
gr..acre
1.1,040
gr.sq.ft.
gr.acre
0.259
gr.sq.ft.
s d
1/d
43,560/d
s d
1/d
43,560/d
0-5
4.400
0.227
9,900
5.5
4.395
0.228
9,91.0
6
4.381
0.228
9,940
6.5
4.357
0.2.30
10,000
' '7
-'4.323
0.231
1.0,080
7.5
4.281
0.234
10,170
8
4,230
0.236
10,300
8.5
4.170
0.240
10,440
9
4.103
0.244
10,620
9.5
4.028
0.248
10,810
10
3.946
0.253
1.1,040
10.5
3.858
0.259
1.1,290
'11
3.764
0.266
11,570
11.5
3.665
0.273
].].,880
12
3.562
0.281
12,230
12.5
3.455
0.289
12,610
13
3.344
0.299
13,030
-33.5
3.232
0.309
13,480
14
3. 3.17
0.321
13,970
14.5
3.002
0.333
14,510
15
2.885
0.347
15,1.00
\
15.5 _.
2.769
0.361
15,730
16
2.654
0.377
16,41.0
16.5
.2.540
0.394
17,150
17
2.428
0.412
17,940
17.5
2.318
0.431
18,800
18
2.210
0.453
19,710
18.5
2.105
0.475
2.0,690
19
2.004
0.499
21,740
19.5
1.906
0.525
22,860
20
1.811
0.552
24,050
21
1.635
0.612
26,650
22
1.474
0.678
29,550
23
1.330
0.752
32,740
24
1..203
0.831
36,220
25
1.090
0.917
39,950
26
0.992
1.008
43,900
27
0.907
1.102
48,000
28
0.833
1.200
52,300
29
0.769
1.300
56,600
{
330
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3S'
40
41
42.
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
X63
0.713
1.402
0.664
1.506
0.621
1.611
0.582
1.71.9
0.546
1.831
0.513
1.948
0.482
2.073
0.453
2.206
0.425
2. 352
0.398
2.512
0.372
2.690
0.346
2.889
0. 321
3.113
0.297
3.369
0.273
3.662
0.250
3.999
0.228
4.392
0.206
4.852
0.185
5.395
0.165
6.045
0. 14 6
6.828
0. 1.28
7.786
0.111
8.974
0.095
10.47
0.081
12.40
0.067
14.93
0.054
18.35
0.043
23:13
0.033
30.11
0.024
40.86
0.017
58.70
0.011
91..52
0.006
162.4
0.003
365.1
0
-
61,100
65,600
70,200
74,900
79,£00
84,900
90,300
96,100
202 400
109,400
117,200
3.25 800
135,600
146,700
159,500
174,200
191,300
211,300
235,000
263,300
297,400
339,200
390,900
456,000
540,000
650,000
799,000
1.,008,000
1,312 000
1,780,000
2,557,000
3,987,000
7,0£,0,000
15,900,000
•
Exhibit A-3
SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA: Public Water Supply Available;
Sanitary Sewers Not Available
SEMI -RURAL RESIDENTIAL: Within Urban Service Area
d = [1+cos (s x 2.7)] t 3
------------------------------------------------------
Slope Density
D.U.per Gr.acres lot area
gr.acre per D.U. gr.sq.ft
s' d 1/d 43.560/d
0
0.667
1.500
65,300
1
0.666
1.501
65,400
2
0.665
1.503
65,500
3
'0.663
1.508
65,700
4
0.661
1.513
65,900
5
0.657
1.521
66,300
6
0.653
1.530
66,700
7
0.649
1.542
67,200
8
0.643
1.555
67,700
9
0.637
1.570
68,400
10
0.630
1.586
69,100
11
0.623
1.605
69,900
12
0.615
1.627
70,900
13
0.606
1.650
71,900
14
0.597
1.676
73,000
15
0.587
1.704
74,200
16
0.576
1.735
75,600
17
0.565
1.769
77,100
18
0.554
1.806
78,700
19
0.542
1.846 .
80,400
20
0.529
1.889
82,300
21
0.516
1.937
84,400
22
0.503
1,988
86,600
23
0.489
2.044
89,000
24
0.475
2.104
91,700
25
0.461
2.170
94,500
26
0.446
2.241
97,600
27
0.431
2.318
101,000
28
0.416
2.403
104,700
29
0.401
2.494
108,600
30
0.385
2.594
113,000
31
0.370
2.703
117,800
32
0.354
2.823
123,000
33
0.339
2.954
128,700
34
0.323
3.097
134,900
AL/tm 80,022.1
July 30, 1975
Slope Density Average
D.U.per Gr.acres lot area
gr.acre per D.U. gr.sq.ft.
s d 1/d 43.560/d
35
0.307
3.255
141,800
36
0.292
3.430
149,400
37
0.276
3.623
157,800
38
0.261
3.837
167,100
39
0.245
4.075
177,500
40
0.230
4.342
189,100
41
0.216
4.640
202,100
42
0.201
4.976
216,800
43
0.187
5.357
233,300
44
0.173
5.789
252,200
45
0.159
6.283
273,700
46
0.146
'6.850
298,400
47
0.133
7.508
327,000
48
0.121
8.274
360,400
49
0.109
9.175
399,600
50
0.098
10.243
446,200
51
0.087
11.522
501,900
52
0.076
13.073
569,400
53
0.067
14.976
652,400
54
0.058
17.349
755,700
55
0.049
20.358
886,800
56
0.041
24.254
1,056,500
57
0.034
29.420
1,281,500
58
0.027
36.476
1,588,900
59
0.022
46.471
2,024,300
60
0.016
61.295
2,670,000
61
0.012
84.644
3,687,100
62
0.008
124.568
5,426,200.
63
0.005
201.468
8,776,000
64
0.003
380.455
16,572,600
65
0.001
973.183
42,391,900
>65
0
-
-
Exhibit A-4
'•
.
SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA;
RURAL RESIDENTIAL
0 - 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x
-----------------------------------"---------------------------•---------
Slope Density Cr.acres
p. X D.U.per per D.U.
gr.acre
n d 1/d
0 0.200 5.000
Urban Services
2.7°)
Average
lot area
gr.sq.ft.
43,560/d
217,800
Not
Slope
%
s
AT, /jk 80,022.1
May 30, 1973
Rev. Feb. 7.0, 1975
Available
Density Cr.acr cs Average
D.U.per per P.U. lot area
gr.acre gr.sq.ft.
d 1/d 43,560/d
35 0.092. 10.85
473,000
1
0.200
5.003
218,000
36
0.087
11.43
498,000
2.
0.200
5.011
218,000
37
0.083
12.08
526,000
3
0.199
5.025
219,000
38
0.078
12.79
557,000
_
4
0.198
5.045
220,000
39
0.074
13.58
592,000
5
0.197
5.070
221,000
40
0.069
14.47
630,000
6
0.196
5.101
227.,000
41
0.065
15.47
674,000
• 7
0.195
5.139
22.4,000
42
0.060
16.59'
723,000
8
0.193
5.182
226,000
43
0.056
17.86
778,000
'
9
0.191
5.232
228,000
44
0.052.
19.30
841,000
' 10
0.189
5.288
230,000
45
0.048
20.94
912,000
11
0.187
5.352.
233,000
46
0.044
22.84
995,000
12
0.184
5.422
236,000
47
0.040
25.03
1,090,000
13
0.182
5.500
240,000
48
0.036
27.58
1,200,000
. .'14
0.179
5.586
243,000
49
0.033
30.58
1,330,000
15
0.176
5.683.
247,000
50
0.029
34.14
1,490,000
•
16
'0.173
5.784
252,000
51
0.026
38.41
1,670,000
17
0.170
5.897
257,000
52
0.023
43.58
1,900,000
18
0.166
6.019
:.62,000
53
0.020
49.92
2,ISO ,000
19
0.163
6.153
268,000
54
.0.017
57.83
2,520,000
20
0.159
6.298
274,000
55
0.015
67.86
2,.960,000
'
21
0.155
6.456
281,000
56
0.012
80.85
3,520,000
22
0.151
6.627
289,000
57
0.010
98.07
4,270,000
23
0. 14 7
6.812
297,000
58
0.008
121.6
5,300,000
24
0.143
7.014
306,000
59
0.006
154.9
6,750,000
25
0.138
7.232
315,000
60
0.005
204.3
8,900,000
•.
26
0.134
7.470
325,000
61
0.004
282.1
12,290,000
27
0.129
7.728
337,000
62
0.003
415.2
18,090,000
'
28
0.125
8.008
349,000
63
0.002.
671.6
29,250,000
29
0.120
8.314
362,000
64
0.001'
1268.
55,240,000
30
0.116
8.647
377,000'
>64
0
-
-
31
0.111
9.011
393,000
32
0.106
9.409
410,000
33
0.102
9.845
429,000
34
0.097
10.32
450,000
It
•
•
0
Draft Exhibit A-5 AL/jk 81,003.2.2
80,022.1
July 8, 1975
City of Cupertino, California Planning Department
FORM FOR CALCULATION OF DWELLING UNIT CREDIT
FRO?: A SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Slope-density table applied (check one): "Foothill". "Semi -rural"
"Rural".
S PART
AREA !CONTOURS j SLOPE
SLOPE
D.U. PER P .U.CREDITSZ
$j
t (�
sq.ft. ft.
f %
%
100,000
sq.ft.
acres
acre
4
?
t
m2 m
=
10,000m2�
tt
1
y
< (check li)(check
1)((3 de cim.)'(round.)(check
1),r(3
decimals;
7(a)
1
(b) 1 (c)
?
(d)
(e) (
(f) !
(g) S
1
Measure; Measure
'Calculate1,
Nearest Copy from
Calculate
i
.
from (b)
i numberi
table ;from
(b)
1
?
and (c)
iin tabu (
and (f)
1
3
(
t
t
1
J
TOTAL
!
Hill Area General Plan
16. CONSERVATION MEASURES
i1
I Of
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 17, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CONSERVATION MEASURES
-----------------------------
A statement is being prepared on conservation measures and
the means to implement them.
0
r1
u
n
U
w
City of'Cupertino
HILL AREA GENERAL PLAN
Appendix B - Part 2
August 8, 1975
n
U
w
AL/tm 81,003.22
April. 3.8, 1975
Rev. July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan Rev. August 8, .1.975
APPP:I4DIX
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IHDEX:
1.
Character of the Area
- Part:
I
2.
Land Use & Number of Dwelling Units
3.
Housing Opportunities
_
It
4.
Circulation
5.
Schools
- Part
II
6,
Utilities; Nater Resources
7.
Scenic Resources; Parks
S.
Historical Resources
9.
Air Quality
"
10.
Agricultural Resources
-
1.1.
Mineral Resources
-
12.
Vegetation and Wildlife
13.
Geologic Stability
14.
Flood and Fire Hazard
15.
Slope -Density Formulas
16.
. Conservation Measures
1.7.
Energy
_ "
"
a
Ilil.l Area General Plan
SCHOOLS
•
80,051.3
81,003.3
81,003.22
AL/tm March 24, 1975
Rev. April 17, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SCHOOLS
Cuperti.no's sphere of influence is served by Cupertino Union School District
(Kindergarten, Elementary Schools and Junior High Schools), by Fremont Union
High School District, and by Montebello Elementary School District which
maintains one small school in the hill area. (See attached list and map.)
The first two Districts serve a population in Sunnyvale and San Jose much
larger than the population in Cupertino including the County "islands" within
Cuper.tino's sphere of influence.
The "yield" of students per dwelling unit has dropped rapidly since the 1970
census. This "yield" factor is a component of three different factors: age
distribution, composition of households, and proportion of various types of
dwelling unit's within the District.
These factors are changing rapidly, and the 1970 census is now misleading.,
idhen basic data from the 1975 Santa Clara County census are available, they .
can be compared to 1970 figures and to U.S. long-range forecasts. A combina-
tion of these data with data now computerized by Cupertino School District
and with an accurate distribution of types of dwellings according to the.
revised General Plan will provide the basis for a long-range forecast of
enrollment and reserve capacity of each school.
'The following interim conclusions can safely be made from now available data,
provided that there will be no sudden major reversal of the present drop in
fertility.
1. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "City plan":
The schools in Cupertino Elementary School District will have
enough capacity even when the City is fully built up, provided that
the demand on the capacity of each school is equalized through busing
or through reali-gnment of attendance area boundaries. However, should
the "neighborhood school" concept be maintained (meaning that most
students would be able to walk to school), one elementary school may
be located on the Catholic Church property, and possibly another on
Seven Springs Ranch. A detailed analysis would be necessary to
decide assignment areas.
2. Within the Urban Service Area; density according. to the "County
Plan": This density is too low to support neighborhood schools
within new development areas. Busing to other schools in the
district would be necessary,even if the neighborhood school concept
were maintained in principle.
3. Outside the Urban Service Area: This area would not have enough
population to maintain more than the existing Montebello School,
even when -fully built up with the highest density under discussion
(the "County flan"). Busing would be necessary because of the
long distances within this part of the hall area. If, in the future,
residents in this area would choose to join Cupertino Union Elementary
School District, there is enough capacity to accommodate the students
from the present Montebello School District.
I!
81,003.3
81,003.22
80,051.3
AL/tm March 24, 1975
Rev. April 17, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SCHOOLS IN CUPERTINO UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT AND
FRr.11ONT UNION HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Within
Cupertino City Limits:
36.
Collins
37.
Cupertino
1.
Eaton
38.
Hyde
2.
Faria
39.
Kennedy
,3.
Garden Gate
40.
Miller
4.
Lincoln
41.
Ortega
5.
Monta Vista
6.
Portal
7.
Stevens Creek
8.
Wilson (closed)
HIGH
SCHOOLS
Within
Cupertino's Sphere of Influence:
42.
Cupertino
43.
Fremont .
44.
Homestead
9.
.Doyle
45.
Lynbrook
10.
Joll man
46.
Monta Vista
11.
Older
47.
Sunnyvale
12.
Regnart
.48.
.Blaney
13.
Sed ick .(closed)
14.
Stocklmeier
15.
West Valley
Outside Sphere of Influence:
16. Blue Hills
17. Calabazas Creek (closed)
18. De Vargas
19. Dilworth
20. Eisenhower
21. Grant
22. Hansen
23. Hoover*
24. Inverness
25. Luther
26. Meyerholz
27. Montclaire*
28. Muir
29. Murdock
30. Nimitz
31. Panama
32. San Antonio (closed)
33. Serra
34. Stichter i
35. Warren (closed)
*May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties,
which are within Cuper.tino's Sphere of Influence.
f
!i
k
y -,^ '1-(�
-
`.c��'7j `- -- �....lt :..•t,i - it _,.... .. ._ .�•f\�_[r3f tr
` l
- f-�.i> '. �.-1�'' L$ ..,�_ I __ •'� '-3�Tjr`�.�i�a}Y J�'; nrj*.�✓l�r,�Jt - € `.- "• ` '��i� - - �[y� lts.c:y L.�.II tl jr—-�1=.�`^'4 ak''ae,-`����/2`r�t�! -n
{{``?�•'� _i -•?w _- (,�s J h'4A 4 R - I:.�r .s'`#.[f•F{'+IL�t� -T '- --t _ lil'F fj{ 1`F t_' x' .; :�j :) �`Vt
'KAU
r=y,f`r,, -.:,.� tai` �'r--- - Y, `' - -- -� T.'. -"fir." �- - ". =!'8 "S".E: E�4.'�'' 1 '0 Ei� „�^Ft �+I 1. ---
' `���E}�'��-�'�:a.��"�-�- 6„_'� _ •�"- - •`�� a�?..� Vis;-"'�4:, -- -- - - ,I �;-.-- - "-'--/�- -- r :_t.�_ - - -- - -_ -
Jt
` ..._ .. �-.:^,-q Fq_� `�' Ff .'.' y r ' t., - il:f��+rs' _ - - r[e;j _ - ! - - �t�. P •_
°7641
v`1.
_
t
T I K
y�`�&� �_ �� �`� -.'' � � `� :r •� �� /_ � -+�y` / r^ �\V t J•' f ' .r_ r-�-.� � 1 ,. f � � , ��t t ,5.
,'^� r/' ♦t � -. � .. t \{E �- I r- ✓ : �.. � I : 1 ! • s _ _ _ � !? ,- r � t � \ 'r • .'f,t' rl L�F�:X.
�� r! ~}-? i� ,e'_lr •r `�•, \� _ '3 "'}.•< aM s• �: ,! t
33
- .•:. / - �f ..,r n �, �/�-,SIF € ' G i ��. i } 1� .t�J N r _ • .8 _F 1 - : t �'- .-- A ' k-.
»� / `a rf e fj >'3 11 ' +..;h f { _ 't f � �dtyi O � ., � - �., !j! 7 _- � /'•s -
{ �y' i _1'J:�. 'moi ,:r` ! _ ".j t \ t i•=: c \\1\` _ _ _ - { - y ,4 1A10r i-• , ..
• r- � `� r
A�• �. �'�t�/i/� �/ � •x 1�� M_� .r�\ � ___ a i �-7'C-1"'r-t ,r �^-�,..�`-f, �l�i � r., ��il`{F+iL-'i �! 1t t.,F'� y `9 J.''{ ;
�_���s5^ _�t ?i� '��� ��_-r -, �.--= �a, _. 'f � ,,� �`l! 1�.�-���., - 0 T '�.'h�-�#,ice y-t� �" I } 1 _ �;"L 7 i `,� �•„ _
�.."_�`�\/� _r; ',` �.if^'\\ .:1-i i-•`.._.-.`:''��ii.. � r�-�1 �j ; tF771�-�.---;
�-:- e -7-
I
t,+1�
i:i��_ i i ; � � ') � Vis, .\-�. - - _ tt�! ��ri�,{,+ .: q 77 t l R f*'..`T• C 'r � r_ ! �' t ��`E r Cyt tY Z-e,,i'r';ra� J ,
:l-oq� �'., ,ti� �' ..�c 'lam\ - � � s- �V�.�r1 ��t�L- N es+ � +• i j. i A� �{j 1 � _�� ��'�ij�� ��LTI it��
t( t \ l � `its ,��. i ✓ft � .: � \.,. _. NI -`�-� 1 .` F-..�. � •. _- '� ?.� 7 •� _ �{� }� IIJ b - 3 y El(1jJ�I9i`
� � -: \\_ � , ti:, ,� `` x -,' F :U\J� � °' t. <. _._. t 1 ,.;,t�. ' .�._a • � ' � ^f�� r •r--U-,�,r_ f <. r
+� pL r'.' -` 'tC `. � ��"� f _ �- i �-__^' -�- �• 7-. 12 _ - �: I !f �:..,��-.i-. (���. �-u t �r��:��� c=• 'r. (t� %` _ .�..,
-4b _ _1;., \ �.�,1 r. ,� ,. ,rfi , � i� ,--5 1--r"�1 •. �e -{dam" - �W�'"t--:fl•�� _ _ 1f:_:_: .:,f =- - f-� t _--
1) :��.\� �- ��J�f:�'_`J �. ILJ+. 9. "r �, :1��}) � r� .�',.-^_-„Y,f;. !tet F {'^� �-. ��\ f .-.. •_® i� � _ _ t"° J _- /.�e`,(t� i'��pt%tr_,.-•
t t � � �- ��J.-s•s.�\ l e �F1` � k j }r. 'I�'. lt7•[��.L'�•1�i I t � - i __� 4� .�cj _ {
/� � 7 �I .\\'1,. �•C �� , y````\ ���\ z _ - ��� - � } { � E�'ru,A 1 =
ff•,
j `��.�� •r \I \: J '�'Ll: .�✓ ��/1 ,� -/ I i j_ ,-J -�iG .. rliT - , If � .,-,i1S , ��[:fi, � i -: .:a_i ! G� "`• /: 1 r � _j
fV s»rr�
goo
w
�jj
7
:GENERAL,PLAN
DATE, March 3, 1975 File Ntwnber 80,051 AL/TG ["=2000' 1:24,000
Hill Area General Plan
UTILITIES; WATER RESOURCES
(•
1.
AL/jk £31.,003.3
hill Area Genera] Plnu 81,003.22
WATER RISSOURCliS AND SUPPLY April 15, 1975
-- ---------- --'-------- ---- --- ----- --- ----- ---- ----- -- - - - ---
Cupertino's sphere of inf].ucncc i.s served by four water distribu-
tors, in addition to wells on indivi.clual. lots in the hill area:
1. California water Service Company (a private company) -
2. San .lose water b'orks (a pri.va:c company)
3. City of C111)e1:ti110 MUn:i.cLI) aI Nater Ut:il.i.ty
4. Re. gJill Iqutunl Sdatcr District (a small ass oc:iati. on in the
Regnart Canyon area, t)i.th no capacity for. significant
expansion)
The number of dwe.11.ing units served is al)proximacely_ as follows
(see also Table 1):
Cali. fornia water Service
San .l0Se Water ldorl:s
C:i.ty of Cuperti.no
The City has two storage tanks,
gallons. A third tank, reit): a
proposed to be constructed this
Nov._I_. 1974 FuturL*
4,187 5,727
3,053 4,086
850_ 6,842
].1,090 16,655
with a total. capacity of 2 million
capacit-Y of 2 million gallons, is
year.
These tanks would be able to serve about 5,000 dwelling units,
including res^-rvr. canaci.t,' I'or omerl;cncies• To serve the fully
built: u,p C:i.t:y (including County 'islands") wi.thin the Urian Service
Area, an additional sr.ora,c or pumpiu;r, capacity of 1,400,000 gallons
t•rould be required. (See Table 2.)*;; The cost for this additional
capacity uiay be borne through tiie water revenues.
The three ma,Ior discributo:-s of water qct: their supply frori wells,
and froin taater sI. ied throu�,it Santa Clara valley water District.
The increment needed for nddi.tional. deve.l.opment: in Cupertino is
small compared to the Di.str:i.ct's resources, and is not a limiting
factor in the City's General. Plan.
San .Tose water I•!orl;s and C;:li.forni.a ':!atcr ser.vI.ce Company have
stated that: they can easily e;:pand their di.stri.buti.on system to
serve additi-onal dc: vel opccenl: within h
tc+ir se r.v:i.ce area.
w
• * The Sphere of Influence fully built up, according to adopted
parts of the General Plan and the. "Poothi.l.]. 1,coidcntial"
i. (•_7 slope -density 1.01-Mul.a (compc•site 0-4.4 Dll/a(:re) in the hill
area.
** Tab lc 3 i.s an c::pnnsi.oil of Til, lc 2 in order to incaude two
density al LcrnaCves: 'Veru ).ow Dcusi.ty" and "Co un Cy Pla1 .
16
AL/ jk 81,003.3
81.,003.22
April 15, 1975
hill Arca Ct.uera1 11:I.an
WATHR RL'S0URCES A?IU SUPPLY (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------'-----------------------------
The City of. Cupertino Municipal Water Utility has a limitation in
that the present system cannot maintain pressure abr)ve 500 ft. ele-
vation. To serve areas above this level. wiLhin the Urban Service
Area, it would be necessary to install additional pumps an'd p7res-
sure tanks. This can be done (a) as a part of the City system,
(b) by a Loral. Improv6ment District, or (c) individually by each
property owner.
A consultant will be engaged to evaluate in detail the Ci.ty's
future need 6f wager. As an input, 7.t is necessary to provide
either tables of dwelling units per block (present figures are
totals for neighborhoods only), or. a ":lot" mal, where symbols rep-
resent 1.0 dwelling units, f:or instance, :::it=h different symbols for
different types of units. Tile "dot" map is Preferable, as it can
be used for many planning purposes; it may be produced as a part
of the suggested second phase- of: the Gcueral Plan.
The proposed "ltura7 Residential" sl_opc- density formula would per. -
mit about 400 dwca.l.ing units within Cupe.rti.no's sphere of influence,
but outside the Ci.ty's Urban Servicc Aria. Most: of the units
would be located on Montebello Ridge or in Upper: Stevens Canyon.
(This: arca is under Lite Co:n.tl;'s juri:<d!.cti.ou, and application
of Lite County's adopted formulas would permit about 800 dwelling
units.)
tells !.on of the system by any of: the' three major distributors
would be excessively expensive, considering the low residential
density and the distance from existing wester mains. Therefore,
supply will depend upon wells driven to the ground water level.
Traditionally, each builder of a home constructs his own well,
which is a gamble ill areas wit -.17 li.mit:cd supplyof ground water.
The ciarli.er. builders rimy draw ;'rom tbci.r neighbors' water and
exhaust the supply. Obwicus
ly, it would be i,:portant to know
if. the ground water in the area can supply the proposed density.
Contact with t'.ie Santa Clara Valley `Inter District indicates
that there exists no itydrologi.cal. sw vey ill the area, and that
attemptsto develop a general. formula Cu calculate supply from
rainfall and geolop.ca.l. f.ormat:i.ons have failed. The formation
underlying,,,Montcbello Ridge is a poor ret.ai.ner of. water.. Ilow- .
ever, the opinion was offered that the supply of water for house-
hold purposes would probably be. enough for the proposed JOW.
density; it seems 7.ikely that. capacity of sewer disposal through
septic tanks; would be a limiting factor rather that: water supply.
-2--
AL/_ik 81,003.3
81,003.22
Hill -Arca Cencral. Plan April 15, 1975
WATER RESOURQES AND SUPPLY (cont'd.)
------------------------------------•------------------------------
It was further indicated that a hydrological survey detailed
enough to be of value would, b'e very expensive, and that the out-
lay could not be expected to be recovered through fees charged
developers, due to the low density and the slow rate of develop-
ment.
Rainfall from''the study area collect:: in throe watersheds,
surf: acing as Stevens Creek, Rcgnart Creek and Permanente Creek.
Wells sunk in the bed of Stevens Creel: provide part of the water
supply for the City of Cupertino Plunicipal.ldatcr Utility.
Development in the hill arca outside Che. Urban Service Area
would depend on wells and septic tanks. Thus, the wager is
recycled, and supply to the wells in the l.owu r part of the area
should not dimini.sh.
As indicated by contract i:::i.t:h the Santa Clara Valley Water
Distr:i.ct, there is no sui.table locntion for, a percolation pond
for recharging of ground water within the study arca.
w
-3-
�O
AL/jk 81,003.22
81,003.3
81,003.31
Hill Area General Plan May 12, 1975
IMPAC':' OF "MAXIMUM PLAN" ON WATER SUPPLY ANll SEWERS
----------------------------------------------------------------
A "Maximum Plan" has been added to the alternatives being studied
in the dill Area General Plan. It is described in the revised
chapter. "Introduction to Alternatives and basically assumes. ex-
isting zoning in the foothill fringe area and R1-7.5 zoning on
Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties.
This plan would result in the following changes in Table 3
(March 24, 1975) of the chapter. "Maximum Water Resources and
supply"
"MAXIMUM PLAN" lioldin.F.
Dwelling Units 8.,411
Population (approx.) 25,000
Demand;
It. Gal.
Fire reserve
2.750
Domestic
5.500
Miscellaneous
0.850
Total reserve
9.100
Supply:
M.Ga1.
Tank
4.000
Pumping
2.100
Additional supply
3.000
Total supply
9.100
An additional supply of 3 million gallons.for a 10 -hour peak
demand would have to be provided by additional tanks or pumps,
compared to 1.7 million gallons according to "City 'Plan'.'.
Impact on the sewer system of the "Maximum Plan" is seen on
the attached Diagram 7A, compared to Diagram 7 (February 21,
1975) of the chapter "Sewers" representing the "City Plan".
When Diagram 7A is compared to Diagram 4 (February 21, 1975),
representing dwelling units according to the Revised Master
Plan of: November. 1964, it is found that the "Maximum Plan" still
has considerably fewer dwelling units within the service area
than the 1964 plan. The Central, "G" and "J", trunk lines serve
approximately the same number of dwelling units in the two dia-
grams; trunk line "II" has considerably fewer units in Diagram
7A than in Diagram 4.
-I-
IO
AL/jk 81.,003.22
81,003.3
81,003.31
May 12, 1975
Ili 11 Area General. Plan
IMPACT OF "MAXIMUM PLAN" ON IJATER SUPPLY AND SE[dERS (cont'd.)
--------------------------------------
The "Maximum Plan" comes close to needing the full capacity
of several trunk lines of the sewer system. It seems that if
the "Maximum Plan" were adopted, it should not befinalized
until a detailed study of the trunk lines has been conducted,
in cooperation with the Cupertino Sanitary District.
V
-2-
a
I �•
Hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply
DWELLING UNITS IN WATER SERVICE AREAS
(Approximate numbers)
AL/jk 81,003.3
Feb. 28, 1.975
Table 1
-----
N'd.
--------------------------------
Exist. or
under constr. 1,1/1/74
--------------------------------
Holding capacitv(fally
h_u1.lt tin)
Calif. San JOSE: Cupertino
Calif. San Jose
Cupertino
Water Co.
Water Wks.
Water Ut).1.
Water Co.
Water Wks.
Water Util.
02
262
52.5
262
525
03
630
630
12
422
543
21
579
665
22
224
225
319
320
30
41.8
640
31
477
9U4
.32
212
1048
33
356
36.1
_
2382
1948
3333
2884,
40
389
537
41
881
1302
'
42
100
480
100
561
50
124
122
51
152
908
1.52
1394
1646
480
.908"
2213
561
1394
61
523
571
62
.366
545
63
'100
'2"41
100
312
64
506
541
•
606
1130
641
1428
70
159
181
71
649.
774
72
276
A 8 8
73
138
221
81
168
375
82
456
533
83
1_25
1.98
159
1812
181
2589
Church
730
Re gn. C.
166
7_Spr.
19
.�
,_
535
19
1431
TOTAL
.4187
3053
3850
5727
4086
6842
ki :•
�-�J
'
hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply
WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND TABULATION FOR 10-11R. PEAK
CITY OF CUPERTINO MUNICIPAL WATER UTILITY
----------------------------------------------'--=--------------------"
Nov. 1
1974
AL/jk '81,003.3
March 5, 1975
Rev. March 24,1975
Table 2
DEMAND
11olding
Capacity**
Dwelling Units
3,850
5,000
6,842
Population (approx.)
11,500
15,000
20,500
Demand •
Million gallons
Fire reserve***
1.950 ,.
2.250
2.600
Domestic
2.500
3.300
4.500
Miscellaneous
0.400
0.550
0.700
Total reserve
4.850
6.100
7.800
-Supply:
Million gallons
Tank -
2.000
111,000
4.000
Pumping
1'.500
2.100
2.100
Additional supply****
-
-
1.700
Total supply
3.500
6.100
7.800
*' Alternative, assuming no additional storage tanks or pumps,
except those programed in 1.974-75 budget (2 million gallon
tank and increase in pumping capacity).
** Adopted General Plan, "Foothill Residential" slope -density
formula (0-4.4 DU/ac.).
*** Elwyn E. Seelye: Data Book for Civil. Engineers Design,
Vol. 1, P. 20-03.
**** Provided by additional tank or additional pumps.
* Alternat-ive, assuming no addi Li.onaJ. ;storage Lanks or pumps
,except. those programs d in 1974-75 budgeL (2 million gallon
'tank and i.ncrc::::c in pumping capaci Ly)..
** 1101dJnl; Capa Ci_Ly (Dwelling Units) of the adopted General. Plan
in the "i.uftl.li.np" area and Lhc "Foothill Rec:i.den Lial" slope-
.dcnsity Lo rmula (0-4.4 DU/ac.) in the Hi1J. area.
***N Elwyn E. Scel.yc: Data Look for Ci vil P..nL1tiP. ers, Design,
Vol. 1, 1). 20-03,. --- . ------ --
**** Provided by addi..tional tank or additional pumps.
a
�
Al./jk
81,003.3
Hill Arca General 1'1 an:
Water
Resources and
Supply
March
24, 1975
WATER, SUPPLY AND I)F'1?._:D
TABULAT10:1
FOR 1.0-II11.
PI'.AK
DFMAND
Table 3
CITY OF CUPERTINO MUI:1.CIPAL WATER
UTILITY
--
______________________________--_-_-_-__-_--____--________-__-_-___-______
Nov. 1
"Very Low
*
"County
OCity
1974
Density"
Plan"
Plan"**
Q
Dwelling Units
3,850
4,879
5,000
5,404
6,842
Populalaon (approx.)
1.1,500
14,600
15,000
16,200
20,500
Demand:
M i 111 on_g,allons
Fire reserve***
1.950.
7..200
2.250
2.350
2.600
Domestic
2..500
.3. 200
3.300
3.550
4.500
Miscellaneous
0.400
0.500
0.550
0.600
0.700
Total reserve.
4.850
5.900
6.100
6.500
7.800
'
ITly
M i 11. i
1_ l
,;;}.•
on_ga
ons
Tank -
2.000
4.000
4,000
4.000
4.000
P ump i 11
1.500
2.100
2.100
2.100
2.100
Additional. supply****
-
0.400
1'. 700
Total supply
3.500
6.100
6.100
6.500
7.800
* Alternat-ive, assuming no addi Li.onaJ. ;storage Lanks or pumps
,except. those programs d in 1974-75 budgeL (2 million gallon
'tank and i.ncrc::::c in pumping capaci Ly)..
** 1101dJnl; Capa Ci_Ly (Dwelling Units) of the adopted General. Plan
in the "i.uftl.li.np" area and Lhc "Foothill Rec:i.den Lial" slope-
.dcnsity Lo rmula (0-4.4 DU/ac.) in the Hi1J. area.
***N Elwyn E. Scel.yc: Data Look for Ci vil P..nL1tiP. ers, Design,
Vol. 1, 1). 20-03,. --- . ------ --
**** Provided by addi..tional tank or additional pumps.
a
AL/tm 81,003.31
March 6, 1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Hill Area Ceneral Plan
SEWERS
The Cupertino Sanitary District serves all of the City of Cupertino,
''islands'' under County jurisdiction but more or less surrounded by
Cupertino (not including Rancho Rinconada), and also fairly large areas
in San Jose and Saratoga. At present, about 20% of the dwelling units
served by the District are located within the city limits of San Jose
and Saratoga. The District is prepared to extend service into nearby
hill areas, if population density justifies this.
The Sanitary .District. adopted a Diaster. Sewer Plan in November 1964.
Included in the plan are two maps indicating existing and proposed trunk
sewer lines, also assumed future density in the service area. Four tables
were included:
1. Analysis of the existing sewer -system. For each trunk is indicated
diameter in inches, velocity in feet per second and resulting capacity in
gallons per. hour.
2. Criteria for design of the revised master sewer plan; die table
lists five different densities in dwelling units per acre, corresponding
persons per dwelling unit, and as a result five figures of persons per acre;
futhcrmore gallons .per day per person and resulting gallons per day (average
and peak flow) per acre.
3. Analysis of land use by trunk service areas. The number of acres
in each type of development with the same criteria is indicated.
. 4. Table of the computed ultimate sewer flows in each service area.
Here each section of trunk lines is listed between the points where other
sewers join the trunk.
The City of Cupertino Planning Department has computed the ultimate number
of dwelling units, the number of persons, and the peak flow in gallons per
day in each trunk service area on basis of the data in the District's tables.
(There are minor differences in resulting gallons per day because of
rounded figures.)
The result is the attadied tables and Diagrams 1-3: dwelling units in trunk
service areas; population in trunk service areas; million gallons per day
(peak flow) between trunk service areas.
The entire area served by the District would contain 24,549 dwelling units
with 84,994 persons and the outflow would be 11,835,000 gallons per day
peak flow. (Naturally these figures are approximate.)
-1-
40
AL/tm 81,003.31
March 6, 1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SEWERS (cont'd.) .
----------------------
It is seen that some of the trunk service areas have two or more outlets
and that trunk sewers interconnect in various ways. It is noted that if
four trunk service areas (E, K, L and M) in the central part of the City
are combined, these interconnections will disappear from the diagram.
Diagrams 4-6 have been prepared of this simplified system; the sewer
system will then be represented as a tree branching out. (There are,
however, smaller cross -connections between the trunk lines for diversion
purposes, to provide more flexibility in the ebent specific areas do not
develop exactly as anticipated.)
The number of dwelling units in the now adopted part of. the General Plan
(1974) and tentatively calculated number of dwelling units in the hill
areas has been applied to the.trunk service areas of the sewer system.
Diagram 7 indicates dwelling units with these assumptions. (Population and
million gallons per day peal: flow have not been calculated so far.) The
number of dwelling units in this diagram is iLU oximatc because neighbor-
hoods for which dwelling unit calculations have been made and trunk service
areas do not coincide.
As far as only outflow from residential areas is considered, it seems that
there is considerable excess capacity in the Sanitary District's Piaster
Plan, compared to the City's present General Plan. The reason for this is
that the District assumed considerably higher density in several residential
areas of. Cupertino and also assumed that residential development with a
density of one dwelling unit per acre would extend a considerable distance
up in the hill area.
Calculations assume that the constant factors for persons per dwelling unit
and gallons per person still apply. In case of the former factor there
actually has been a considerable lowering since the District's Master Plan
was adopted, which results in additional excess capacity in residential areas.
The gallons per person and day have kept fairly constant, according to the
Sanitary District.
On the other hand, the electronic industries now in operation in Cupertino or
in the planning stages are heavy water users and therefore discharge large
volumes into the sewer system. This was not entirely anticipated in the
District's 1964 Master Plan, and counterbalances the decrease in anticipated
population.
The outflow from the northeast corner of the City and the treatment plant in
San Jose is shared with parts of the cities of Santa Clara and San Jose and
'with several unincorporated County areas. A new interceptor lane for this
outflow is under design, with additional purchase into the treatment plant;
this will have some safety factors incorporated in order to handle "peak"
flows and also the }ossible inclusion of Rancho Rinconada as a long-range
plan.
-2-
AL/Cm 81,003.31
March 6, 1975
Rev. March 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
SE14ERS (cont'd.)
It has been questioned whether it would be possible to count backwards along
the sewer trunk lines to find out the maximum number of dwelling unitsand
population that could be accommodated by the sewer system. Such computations
would be extremely complicated because of interconnection of sewer lines and
because certain sections of the sewers have excess capacity and others do not.
It would be impractical without the use of a computer.
It is desirable to make more accurate calculations which would bring the
core area, the infilling area and the hill area sections of the General Plan
together in one document. Dwelling units would then be recorded either by
block or in the form of a "dot map" with different symbols for different
types of dwelling units, each dot representing 10 dwelling units, for instance.
This would lead to more exact division of the dwelling units bct•:een the trunk
service areas. A better estimate of the number of persons per dwelling unit
would be. made by comparing 1970 and 1975 census. Also, a more exact measure-
ment of non-residential areas is needed.
-3-
CUPF"lUINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT
Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31
(3)
L Cupertino
Trunk Service A B C D
1111-1]
0A11
InI
"ch 0
1,975
L Cupertino
Trunk Service A B C D
DU Very TOW 1 DU/ac
'101.
1,306.
684
LOW 2
264
1.50:
.247:
Medium 3.5
460
�681
932
Medium High 9
169
87
I.
High 15
Total Dwelling Units
724
1,101
1 553!
1,703 I;
.9
POP. (4 I)crs./DU)
40 11
.51
2,736
II
(4
1,056
)'00
q 88:
0224
1
(4
....... ...
1
21724
3,728
(3.
�5 07
261.
12
a (3
Total Population
2,896
4,235.
6,212;
725
PG/D (1,20 /pers ......
48,480
626,880
:328,320
(120
126,720
72,000,
11 81560
(120
220 C 0 '3
.326,111
:447,360
'11191.
(112.5/
57,038;.
29;363
(112.5/
20
Peak clow, gallons/day
347,520
504 , 39 8.
745,440,
805,043;`
2 1
22
Acres Commercial
23
Indus trial
Public
25
Quasi -Pub.
1 1
7. G
Total acres int. non -res.
3 �-o
40.8!
J5.0
5.8
27
x 1500
211
Peak Flow, gall.ons/day
49 , 50061
1200
1, 52,500
8 700
31
Acres Parks
It tilities
U
32
Total acres ext. -non -res.
33
x 150
34
Peak Flow, gallons/day
TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day
397,020
.565,598
813,743
.797,940
I B
4
not nnnon nr AL
,-'eb .26
CUPERT1146 GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT
Revised Master Sewer flan Nov- 196" 81,033.31
Cupertino
Trunk Service Area
E
F
G
11
1,148
DU Very Low I DU/ac
:30 4
Low 2
4Y
91 II
Medium 3.5
1765
i287
975
817
Medium High 9
1,006
416
.997;
High 15
438
90
......
Total Dwelling Units
2,200 11
2,330,
2,472
Pop. (4 pers./DU)
I I,
i I
1:1216
4,592'
f 1(4
:180.
364
31060-
1,148
3268,248
(3
2,991
618
-I 3,018 ,
1
(3
0
1 314'
270,
Total. Population
TGID (120/pers
.
7,365
2,036
8,31.4
:145,920
9,472
551,040
(120
21,600
43,680
(120
.367,200
137,760 it
1468,000. 1
392,160
(112.5/
;336,488
69,525
.339,525
1 140,400
(112.5/
.147 825
3b'"
- 375
Peak Flow, , gallons /day
851,513
237,660
11 975,04.-
1,1127 280
Acres Commercial
'Industrial
Public
Quasi -Pub.
Total acres int. non -res.
148-9
146.5
166.9
.3.0
x 1500
Peak Flow, gallons/day
223,350
1 69,750
2501,350
4,500
Acres Parks
Utilities
Total acres ext. non -res.
87.7
x150=
-Peak Flow,
13,155
......
----
-------
TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day
1,074,863
307,410,
1*2251395
1,144,935','
At, IFeb .26
CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT
Revised Master Sewer Plan Nov. 1964 81,003.31 11975 1
III 12)
Cupertino
Trunk Service Area
K
34
35
37
311
II 3 it
it
Peak Flora, gallons/day
TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 1,474,065 618,675 463,988 230,445
DU Very Low I DU/ac
Low 2
;318
3
Medi u
Medium 3.5
'860'
140
4 9
4
Medium High 9
2,426'
;558
885,
.266
High 15
!692
192
Total Daelling Units
31604:
1,250
11217,
315
o
POP. (4 pers./DU)
1 272
(4
10
(4
3,440.
196
7,2M
I 674
_560!__.,
2,61i5:.
798.
(3
'576
13
__2;076
Total Population
I 9=0
3;750
31791
9.9 4
14
15
PG/D (120 /Pers.)
.152 640
(120
Ii'
(1.2023,520
.412,800
67,200
(112.5/
81.8,775
188,325
298,688
89,775
;233,550
I 64,800
20
-
.(112.5/
jPcak. Flow , gallon s/day
1,384,215
421,875
430,68S.L.
2
113,295
22
Acres Commercial
23
Industrial
2
24
Public
iz
25
Quasi -Pub.
zc
Total acres int. non -res.
78. 1
5919
x 1500
P
2n
Peak Flow, gallons/day
89,850
196,800
33 300
117,150
:'2
.1
21)
Acres Parks
----------L L
31
11 Utilities
3 2j
Total'acres ext. non -res.
31
x 150
34
35
37
311
II 3 it
it
Peak Flora, gallons/day
TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 1,474,065 618,675 463,988 230,445
CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES, ELEMENT
Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31
. .. ... ....... ...... . ...........
Cupertino
Trunk Service Area
ID, Low
Low I DU/ac
2 . 2 1 . - 2
3 of Medium 3.5
4 Medium High 9
5 High 15
Total' Lfwclling Units
M_—_
i�—_N
723
837
11733
♦PPOOYLV EY
TOTAL
3,86
797 zI
6,689
851, 8,704
913 1�'498
3,764 24,549
7
Pop. (4 pers./DU)
(4
10 u u n 2,892
(3 2,511. I 2,553.
12 u(3 :519. 8,739.
13 Total. Population 5$92211,292
14
PG_/_D
16
(120
'71 (120 347,(4
15,444
(1.12.5/
1282,488
.28.7,212
26,112
(112.5/
58,387
983,138
20
84,994
iPeak Flow,, gallons/day
687,915
J 270,350
382,560
21
3,21.0,720
2,937,602
1,518,075
22
9,902,237 2'
Acres Commercial
23
Industrial
2.4
Public
::
1,280.8 2
25Ruasi
-Pub
---- --------
26216.8
_
Total acres int.. non -res.
.:292.7
j13!
27
13,155
x 1500
28
Peak Flow, gallons/day
325)200
439,050
3
30
Acres Parks
31
Utilities
32Tot81
acres ext. non -res.
13
x 150
34
Peak Flow, gallons/day
TOTAL PLAK FLOW, gal./day
1;0131115
1'709,400
36
39
40
15,444
26,756
26,112
13,494
84,994
1,853,280
382,560
3,21.0,720
2,937,602
1,518,075
9,902,237 2'
2;
112
::
1,280.8 2
1,921,200
it
87.7
j13!
13,155
11,836,592
3
0
ri try
H
I
•
M �
I
M
• rn
t3
1
•
M i -i
N
I
O
%4
1
M
C
a7
I
II
r{
N
I
II
r -i N
•�i
I
W
A
I
11
A
(
I
I
6
xN
rA
1
P4
r-Ilu
�
t
\
1
a
1
�
1
t
1
I
t
1
1
1
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
I
1
1
i
1
�
1
1
!
%D
1
rn
I
ri
I
N
i
N N
i
E3 C
I
U
1
O U
1
7 •t
i
1
H 1 N
I
U lU
I
N 7 (n
1
x •V"
I
H 7 x
I
N P4 G
1
H :4
I
ax»
1
117 N
1
P
I
x W C
I
6 n
1
F
I
H x N
1
W L
1
6 H •.i
I
(n (n C
I
6 ✓
I
I
z bO
z
1
A C
PHW •A
1
_
x n
1
W H .-{
1
U x A
I
0
o
M
C1
{
M
M
M
N
W
^
N
M
M
r1
�T
II
if I
l
II
I
I
0
o
M
C1
{
M
M
M
N
W
^
UI . IY
'n J M ti
H '.d M rn
C") �n y
N r O
II II
a r
M rn v
c N Cl)
.7 N �'•' "' ♦D
M[
jc)
cq
W 1 W
'n Cl)
N co
W n
H
co
n
n
N
^
l
I
I
I
11
(
6
rA
P4
�
V
N
.4 n N I
O
M h I
I O
• rn F-' 1
h
M ri tV
ON
O H 1
vj
o 00 1
17
N I
ON
N 1
n
coq 1
1
ON
.O I
1-1
.1G al 1
M
r> W 1
II
W
C 1
n
i
u
1
1
II
1
1
I
I
I
I
1
I
1
1
I
1
t
I
I
I
I
1
I
4{
I
1
1
f'
1
I
I
� I
N 1
01 1
11 I
I
N 1
CI 1
? I
Ci v7 1
Cl N I
7 U I
O N I
z�l
I
H 1 C1 I
V U I
H7•r4 I
6 > I
H i-7 ti+ I
H O 1
6 In N I
H H I
z TO G 1
H •.I I
� � I
6 C 1
O i. O 1
Z,
.
F-1 t1 I
�
H [17 cJ I
• •yJ
d+�H 1
i
�.✓
W H U I
M > P. 1
D W O I
V P: P1 1
N
N
O
O
I O
O
h
O
ON
Or
vj
<I
17
1i
ON
ON
n
�p
ON
N
1-1
r -i
M
u1
II
W
n
u
II
N
h
d
ON
00 I co I rn ID
oI I�4
�
h
N
N
�D
Or
h
N
O
o.
ON
rn
M
p
1i
W
n
II
�p
11
N
1-7
11
A
N
N
'o--T
rl
1n
O
a, --•-,
'r-, ^
�o
p
1i
W
n
H
�p
M
1�
N
N
1n
rl
1n
N
N
M1
1i
M
�p
ip
�p
M
1�
II
V
11
A
II
W
H I Co
MM
III
1-I. Cl
h N '
I
N `7
411)
ONo,
N ON
r-1 JCO
ri ,7' •S �D O
C I H O N
N I
M I`
N I
iF
ch
E3
M r
(d
O
>+
O ^
�
O
U 1
r -i N
ri
00
A
p
H I
x. �
N I
I,
� I
.-i
1
a
14
O
G I
ri ,7' •S �D O
C I H O N
N I
N I
co
N 1
rn
H t
rn
6 1
D
1
91 1
O
U 1
O
ri 1
'
� 1
H I
M
N I
I,
� I
.-i
1
O
14
O
G I
•-1
7 I
II
t+ 1
it
It
I
r. 1
II
U I
N
� N I
M
�
w
rn u 1
!
H N I
N
a I
14 1
co N
N 1
n i
C)
F1 � I
Ul H I
O
D w I
O
I
tl
4
7, -
N I
H 1 N I
U w I
w 6 I
H a r I
co w N
H Q I
O a
W %+ I
a la a l
Q V)
H N '
H l G
G W
a' H H4
y y
co6
z
N
H A G
H W o
•
w' lit r
i
W N
J
ul
D W •'i
ri ,7' •S �D O
C I H O N
co
ro
co
co
rn
n
rn
o
D
O
O
M
M
M
M
I,
co
.-i
O
O
O
•-1
.-1
II
it
It
II
N
N
M
�
w
!
N
N
-zr
co N
i
O
O
11
Ch
tl
4
7, -
co
M --^-
O
O O
N
O
M
n
ri
ul
O
ri
ri
M
II
a
II
O
O
O
U
t
1O
10
N
O
O
O
O
O
.-i
O
O
c0
co
co
It
O
M
O
O
O
O
II
U
II
Q
II
W
M
�
O
0%
4`
M
O
O'
co
ro
co
rn
n
rn
o
D
O
O
M
M
M
M
I,
co
O
O
O
O
•-1
.-1
II
it
It
II
ri
<
M
w
!
—
•
1
r/ In
FYI
M n
I
O
r1
M 1
O
NI
HI
p �
C7
ri
Ttl
MI
00
ql
I
x w
•n W
I
C
I
I
1
I
I
1
I
•
1
r.
M
• o+ q !
"
O NI
O • 001
. .-i Cal
•d N M 1
00 pl
1
� I
x m I
a i
'b 1
N 1
r1 1
w I
ri 1
� •I
al
� 1
rl 1
cn I
v 1
i
m 1
l0 1
N I
N 1
6 I
1
U I
U t
rl 1
7 t
N 1
U '1
� 1
I
x 1
q I
7 1
N 1
H 1
I
q 1
0) I
.7 tU 1
� 3 I
O� aJ I
ri O/ I
p I
N I
p 3 1
G o I
N rl I
�w!
0 1
zxl
� I
H 1 U I
U w 1
PS Q 1
H a C I
to P+ m i
H p1
W N 1
01 1
a cc=1 a t
6 v1 I
H N 1
ti vt 1
d co I
O (, 1
•
rz p q 1
H W O 1
J
1
•
-4
W H rl !
W
w >.i I
v Ir4 x x: 1
ra to
n 1
H G I
a •ri 1
..• m .-i
rJ I
C7- ri 1
O
W 1
ri
cI
ri N
rI i
07
q I
I
p
6 w I
x v
I
M I
H I
a
m 1
6
1
44
w I
r1 I
r -I 1
al
Ei I
rl I
O N 1
;X;
H M
H 1
M I
•
N 1
'•J
N ,1
H 1
•
d I
1
W I
u I.
,1 1
1
H I
N 1
rn I
1
xl'
[. 1
F G i
z H 1
a v I
w 3 1
N I
I
•'U M
H G I
a •ri 1
� H I
C7- ri 1
3 I
A I
I
6 w I
M I
H I
a d 1
N+ Ei 1
W 7 I
Z l 1
kl i
C7 dl I
� 1
O N 1
;X;
H M
H 1
r4 o O 1
•
W 4+ 1
'•J
W P• 1
•
V 6 1
r{ + -t.
M
o a
O N
N 00
r -i H q
co Y
T G�
q
� v
a u
W
Yi
rt
••f f.
V
Oi
N
0
z
7 7177� 7_7
4,
_j,
AIL
Z i
J,-
-z4, � I I �� �_� 'Ili -
-,v
v-- n7i iL-J, 1�v, j
fl
n
W -
V.
A
I IV - .7 --7
A
rj
;.7, �,4
IIIf71;;
- - - - - - — -.
...........
I. ..................
_Z
(L
...............
...........
I . . . I I .... ... .......... :.:.�
_-4
. ..........
—14 ? Lfrf 04
WL
�7
E7-
4 1A
1 7
=%
L
WATERSHEDS
LT
j
FLOOD STUDY, AREA
WATERSHED BOUNDARY
............
.. .....................
................. .
INUNDATION AREAS
STEVENS CREEK 100 YEAR NATURAL.F
LOOD PLAIN
r
SOURCE: SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT
r 14
77 L chy of
STUDY
GENERAL PLAN
upenino
c
]L
deputmen
t 81,003 22 JANUARY _-28, 1975.
f tRev�
Gase Map Combined from VS�Gs Contour, Map and a -Map By The City, of Cupertino Depar sed Ij 71
Of P;wblic, Wotks
A
t
L
Hill Area General Plan
SCENIC RESOURCES PARKS
1' •
A1./tm 81,003.22
April. 1.8, 1975
111.11 Arca General. Plan
SCENIC RFSOUP,CES; PARKS
•--•------•-------------------------• ---------------------------------
For existing and proposed parks, see inventory under "Land Use".
The text for this chapter is being prepared, and cer.ta:i.n exhibits
made r.eproduci.ble. Up-to-date information on the status of parks
proposed by the Mid -Peninsula Park District will be included.
•
Hill Area General Plan
IIISTORICAL RLSOURCES
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975'
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES
HISTORICAL INVENTORY OF CUPERTINO'S BILL AREA
Up until this time, Cupertino has not had a comprehensive list
of historical points of interest, places or sites, compiled for
the. City. Following is a list of sites within the area covered
by the Hill Area General flan that are registered on the National
and State lists as well as sites that have been part of the Santa
Clara County inventory. There is also a list of potentially
significant historical sites in the hill area of Cuper.tino's
sphere of influence. As yet, none of the latter have been
certified or added to the County list. It is suggested that
thcse.sites be considered as part of the Statewide inventory
and be submitted to the Historical Heritage Commission for approval.
List of Site/Structur.ea of Historical. Interest in the Hill Area
of Cupertino:
State of California Historical Landmarks:
Arroyo de San Joseph de Cupertino - 17./14/64
.Original name of Stevens Creek. The arroyo extends from
the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz 'Mountains north to
.San Francisco Bay. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza stopped
at the creek March 25, 1776. He had been commissioned by the
Spanish authorities to establish a point to be knows: as
Mission Dolores, San Francisco and determine the geography
between what is now San Diego and Sonoma. The expedition
was intended to establish a land route north to colonize
northern California and thus thwArt off Russian encroach-
ment.
State of California Points of Historical Interest:
Fremont Older Ranch
Built and owned by Fremont Older in 1914. He was the
crusading, colorful editor of the San Francisco Examiner.
He commuted to the City from the ,Ranch from a special.
railroad stop. A small study of his is made out of original
adobe taken from a house in San Jose. The Mid Peninsula
Regional Park has an option to buy. the Ranch.
Inventory of Historical Landmarks and Sites in Santa Clara County:
Montebello School - 11/74
A one -room schoolhouse founded by a neighborhood group,
including the Picchetti's, still functions with one teacher
and 14 pupils from kindergarten through fourth grade. Built
in 1892.
Chateau Ricardo Winery
Built 1885. Site only, no structure.
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975 -
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
------------------------------------------------------------
List of Potentially Significant Historical Sites:
Picchetti Winery
Family arrived in 1872 and worked at the Villa Maria Vine-
yard. The charming house was built in 1880 and the winery
was.added sometime afterward, around 1896.
Ridge Vineyard - Peroni Family
Originally 1,500 acres of productive grapes.. Still pro-
ductive commercial vineyard. The house was built in 1915.
liaryknoll- School - Catholic Church Property
Significant architecture and landmark.
PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF.HISTORICAL RESOURCES
The recognition of historical resources can take two forms. There
is a certification procedure whi-ch.involves the Federal. and State
governments' recognition of hi-storical.sites and the inventory or
survey at both the State and local levels to aid in -identification
,_• of all historical resources. After a resource has been identified,
proceedings can begin for registration. The following is a summary
of the three registration programs:
A. Registration
1. National Register of Historic Places. The National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 established a
funding program which would enable the National Park
Service to maintain a register of districts, sites,
buildings, structures and objects that met the
specified criteria. Those sites listed on the
register would be eligible for 50% matching grant--in-
aid funds for acquisition and development of projects.
The criteria used for selecting sites for the National
Register are twofold:
a. Sites are chosen because they have retained
their integrity in terms of the fabric and
setting which closely resembles the original
structure. Some tangible remains must be
left that are. indicative of the original
historic site. The more intact the site is
the more chance it has of making the register.
r' b. A site is selected because it Is associated
with persons or events that were significant
in the area; or it has potential. for new
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
HIS RESOURCES (cont'd.)
----------------------------------------
information as in archaeologic sites; or
because it is representative of the type of
design or the period of construction which is
appropriate to the time of construction. A
structure built by a master builder would also
qualify for the National Register.
2. State Historical Landmarks. The most important
certification program in the State is the Landmarks
Program. It is monitored by the California Historical
Landmarks Advisory Committee which functions as a
screening body for the Director of Parks and Recrea-
tion Department. Each landmark registered is eligible
for a landmark plaque. ThcFc are approximately 860
California historical landmarks. The criteria for
registration under this program is as follows:
a. Whether or not the site has overall significance
to the history of the State.
b. Whether the site is the first, last, only, most
significant or most representative of its type
in the region. This applies to the structure
or site which is deemed to be si.gnif:icant as
submitted by -a private or governmental agency.
The original 769 registered landmarks in the State
were registered without the above criteria. Since
that time, the criteria has been established and
is used in the screening process.
3. The State Point of. Historical Interest. This program
was established to make it possible to. register sites
of local historic interest that failed to meet the
criteria for registration in California Historical
Landmarks Program. In order toi.make the historical
interest list, it is necessary for the County Board
of:.Super.visors in the area to approve the applica-
tion in order to verify that the site is significant
to the history of the local area.
.Being placed on any of the registers does not necessarily preserve
the: historical site. Official action by the local jurisdiction on
acqui.si.tion of the property is necessary in order to preserve the
historical resource.
• B. Inventory
�. There are many jurisdictions both public and private
involved in inventories and surveys of: historical
•
I;•
TK/tm 81,044
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont`d.)
resources, particularly in Santa Clara County. The
State is conducting a Statewide survey to identify
resources of historical, archaeological and architectural
significance. The State is interested i.n:listing all
resources that are significant to the history of the area,
community or State, with no regard to the time of con-
.struction or the age of the structure. The concern is
that a comprehensive list be made to help in a land use
plan for the State and to have a well to draw from for
future certification. Such an inventory will be bene-
' ficial. on the local level to aid in the evaluation of
developments.
The County is conducting an inventory in conjunction
with the Statewide inventory. ,It is being handled by
the Historical Heritage Commission which was established
by the Board of Supervisors in March of 1973. A pre-
liminary inventory of historical landmarks in Santa Clara
County was done in 1962. Since that time:, a number of
additional sites have been added; however, there is no
new comprehensive list of historical sites.
The Junior League of San Jose has.conducted an inventory
themselves of .cultural:, recreational and historical sites
in Santa Clara Valley. Theirs is strictly an inventory
recognizing both certified landmarks and other points
of interest that have not made any of the previous
inventory lists. This list is being expanded and will
be available to the public in the near future.
There are additionally a whole slew of historical
societies in the County. Cupertino has its own his-
torical society but they have not compiled a comprehen-
sive list of historical sites in the City: Most of
their efforts have been directed towards preserving
historical sites that exist, namely the Trianon and the
E. J. Parrish House. They have also contributed to the
folklore of the area by publishing items in the news-
paper and by means of newsletters on historical bits of
information relating to the City,
Pu�Op�ortuniti.es
The funding opportunities related to historical preservation are
rather limited if almost non-existent. The only registration
program which has funds attached to it is the National Register
of Historic Places. In this program, there is a 50% matching
grant made available for preservation of and acquisition of sites
listed on the National Register. The Director of the California
State Department: of Parks and Recreation" as been designated
-4-
TK/tm
April
81,044
15, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
-----------------------------------------------------------
as the State Ii:istori.c Preservation Officer to the National Park
Service and is assigned the responsibility of dispersing the
funds under. the Act and maintaining the California history Plan.
The funds are distributed to the local projects after. State survey
and planning needs have been met. The distribution is as follows:
50% of the State's allocation will be retained by the State Depart-
ment of. Parks and Recreation for historic preservation projects
and 50% of the allotted funds will go to local projects. Up until
this year, the amount of funds available to the State were very
limited. This year the grant has been increased and applications
have already been made and accepted for the use of the National
funds. It is suggested that if Cupertino is interested in obtaining
funds through this program that an application be made at the appro-
priate time for next year. As it stands now, the only structure
in the City that qualifies is Le Petit Trianon since it is the
only one listed on the National historic Register. Only those
sites on the list are eligible for this particular grant program.
The State Bond Act of 1974 has.made $90,000,000 worth of grants
available to counties and other agencies for the acquisition and
development of needed outdoor recreation and historical areas.
The City received $47,432 from the Pond Act which has been spent
on lights for the tennis court and ball field at Memorial Park.
• Part of the .County's port.Lan of the. Dond Act funds, approximately
$154,OOQ, has been allocated for restoring eight historic sites
in the County. None of the Cupertino sites are on the primary
list; however, a secondary list is being compiled which includes
the Parrish house and the Oakdell. Ranch Tank House. These two
projects may possibly receive funds in the event that one of the
eight primary projects withdraws, otherwise there is no more money
available through the State Bond Program for historic preservation.
As part of the Housing and Community Development Act, the City has
allocated $20,000 to historic preservation to be distributed over
the second and third year of expenditure. As yet, no program
has been established for the distribution of the funds. _
Aside from the programs mentioned, there are no other public
funding sources for historical preservation. There are numerous
private foundations which could possibly donate money for his-
torical preservation; however, it would be necessary for the City
or a private group to make applications to these foundations.
—5—
ai
- 12
P
hr�
k
44M
v
L4
x-4-
V�
q , Lg-
g��
A
W�
it 1�=J_
A MF�,
?z 7�7, 1 - jr - c; A g
7
N.-
�5_
n-'%'�tRW
."E_
an
Ile E�
ZIA
_j
EL J.: j
IR
A IF
A-
t
3
t T( L
A,
00
A F
/7 7
7,j -
'A
e7. t.
y Its
j -e
00
_7
N
La IN
P, , 1-1 .1 f!74 ill�_
id
nr W,��
62
-�k
Mal
F.7 9
Qi
T7r
5V -7
IM
iftir-W l -T
U
=mt �-4�1
- �,Z, 5R0,
n- -2'
*4
-W, -A I 4j"
:f 3V�
V-61-
<
-SURVEY-OF HISTORICAL SITES IN-CUPERTINO
qj
ESTABLISHED, POTENTIAL
POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST' - PQJNTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST
�A`
LE PETIT TRIANON P :CHETTI WINERY
B ARROYO DE SAN JOSEPH _. DE CUPERTINO 2 RID '(1-NEYARD
G "ENCAMPMENT 93 -(Arroyo do Son Joseph de Cuperti a) 3 BARN a WATER TOWER
D DE ORO CLUB -4 CHARLIE BAER BLACK
I,"-- n't) SMITH SHOP
E E.J. PARRISH HOUSE 5 -OLD H I OUSE IN MONTA'VISTA
IT
BEAULIEU WINERY .6 m,RY KNOLL SCHOOL .
j
MONTE ELLO SCHOOL 7 �LtSHA STEPHENS. HOMESTEAD
H :CHATEAU RICARDO WINERY 8 J.T. DOYLE' 140ME AND WINERY;
Mix-
erty)
TANK HOUSE (Nathan Hall Prop
DENNING HOU SE
J GLEN
K FREMONT OLDEN -RANCH
w
At
ran
2 8 MAR
1"-2000' TK/mc 75 81,044.2-
PLAN - STUDY
GENERAL
Pill Area General Plan
AIR QUALITY
81.,003.22
August 1.9, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Atmospheric Setti and Climatological Factors
The atmospheric circulation and wind patterns determined by the maritime
influence of the Pacific Ocean, play a key role in air pollution levels
since they determine both the rate of generation and subsequent dispersion
or accumulation and concentration of man-made pollutants. October to March
are higher potential pollution months for carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen
and hydrocarbons. The concentration of these species is greatest when the
dispersive power of the atmosphere is minimum. This condition occurs in the
winter months when mean wind speeds are low and vertical mixing is hampered
by the occurence of temperature inversions near the surface of the earth.
Emissions released at ground level are effectively trapped there leading to
peak concentrations of carbon monoxide around 8 a.m. and between 6 and 10 p.m.,
times when traffic movements are heaviest and the atmosphere has reduced
dispersion capability.
In the sununer months, photochemical oxidant and ozone are formed as a result
of reactions between reactive hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sunlight.
This latter reaction requires time to "cook" in the intense summer sunlight,
and the oxidant levels reach maxima well clown wind from the sources of the
original. reacting species. Oxidant levels then are a function of sources
well up wind from the site and are generally not produced on site from
emissions released released on site. Local emissions of photochemical reactants
• o;i.11 pl;:y a role :in oxidant levels down wind of the point of: release.
Higher altitude inversions do allow better. dispersion of carbon monoxide
during the .summer months. At the same time the intense summer sunlight
converts nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons released by 6 a.m. to
9 a.m. traffic flows, to produce oxidant maxima about mid-day or in the
early afternoon.
The [dill Area lies on the easterly foothills of. the Santa Cruz Mountain Range
and :is also at the westerly approach to the Santa Clara Valley. The pre-
dominant weather patterns during the summer portion of the year (May through
October) involve northwesterly flows of marine air traveling down the valley
from San Francisco and the North Bay Area regions (Reference AQ -1). In the
late morning, the winds stream from the northwest at several miles per hour
increasing in speed by late afternoon to 1.5 to 20 miles per hour. The f.lows
'
then decrease in speed to late night light variable winds which in the early
morning hours become flows from the southeast at a few miles per hour. With
the arrival of the land -warming morning sun, air flows begin to move from
the northwesterly direction once again. Repetition of: these summer patterns
is very pronounced. During the winter months, November to March, the weather
patterns are functions of storm front movements which lead to winds from the
southeast as storms approach,and winds from the northwest direction as the
storms pass through the region. Predominant winter winds then are equally
likely in both directions as compared to the predictable summer daytime winds
from the northwest.
-1-
81,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
AIR -QUALITY -by -D, -J. MYRONUK
4"S
The Hill Area,,a composite of several ridges and canyons rises from an eleva-
tion of about 400 feet in the valley area to a maximum elevation of 2,657 feet
on Montebello Ridge. With one exception, the Hill Area is essentially source
free of measurable man-made emissions. The exception involves the rock
quarrying operations and the cement production plant on Permanente Ridge. The
next.closest source of pollutants is the Junipero Serra Freeway north of the
Hill Area.
In 1973 the cement and gypsum plant is listed as emitting about 20 tons per
day of nitrogen oxides and about 0.6 tons per day of particulate. It is
not possible to ascertain whether the company is locally violating any air
quality standards without an elaborate emissions survey over extended periods
of time. There is no question as to the nuisances resulting from dusts blown
toward and deposited upon the residents of adjacent areas, that arise from
quarry operations, wind erosion of exposed cuts in the quarry regions, or
from electrostatic precipitators that are being cleaned. Again electrostatic
precipitators can be in excess of 99.5% in collection efficiency yet the
small fraction of particulate that does escape is so minute in particle size
that the material is readily transported by the wind over great distances
adding to the particulate burden increased coefficient of haze and reduced
visibility in the valley.
The use of the Ringelmann Chart to determine compliance with the Day Area
"• Pollution Control. District Standards is marginal at best due to difficult
terrain, erratic wind patterns, varying humidity levels, plume background
colors other than white and variations in perception of color by the human
eye.
The effect of the local sources on the Hill Area air quality appears to be
negligible. Carbon Monoxide levels were monitored at various locations within
the Hill Area during morning peak hour traffic conditions. No increase above
a valley background level of one part per million could be detected. It is
unlikely that any Federal or State standards for carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, hydrocarbons or particulates are exceeded or appreciably accumulated
on site except for highly localized short duration episodes when particulate
borne by the wind is deposited on the ground.
At the same time, the attached Figure AQ -1, shows the area is not impervious
to high oxidant levels measured in the South Day Regions (References AQ -2,
AQ -3). The oxidant excesses of 1969, 1970 and 197.1 are even more frequent
in recent years. In 1974, the oxidant standard of 8 parts per hundred
million for one hour was exceeded on 46 days at the DAAPCD Sunnyvale station,
on 60 days at the Los Gatos station and on 87 days at the San Jose station.
The oxidant levels in the Hill Area are probably within 30% of the Sunnyvale.
values.
-2-
Figure AQ -1
e.c.r•pa 1. m.a. ta,u.+ or w,. r.. r..r nvn .lo >[� vlv.
{.v Wleua Iblllo.n [. [uu . r c•.:[ar aunN.al.
SaY N/.11 .,Crv.nO•.D f
Ln AN
' • Sitr=
. 3\
Ul)
py... 0al.ua Ie.lueenl. . • ?..uar [a.rt.nll.
H..0 w aWCYlwa..
M.M[ NI .^• u. Nlt.uw cra.a sl.0 lu. Ull.
81.,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
r • AIR QUALI.TY by D.J. MYRONUK
.... ---------------------------
Hence the oxidant standard is probably being violated on site during several
days of the year. These excesses, resulting from early morning release of
nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons well upwind of the Hill Area, will
continue to be a significant problem in the entire South Bay Area. If
emissions are ever to be decreased, a major effort must be made to simply
reduce the overall daily vehicle miles driven in the entire Bay Area.
ct of the Pronosed Alternatives
Using data on dwelling units per acre, the average emissions per D.U.; the
estimated traffic volumes and the emission profile for the vehicle population
based on a 1985 projection, the following table of emissions attributable to
the alternatives contained in ,the Hill Area Study. Sulfuric acid mist emissions
are based on an assumption that sulfur levels in gasoline will remain essentially
unchanged from the current value of 0.033% by weight; and by the 1995 project
completion date a majority of vehicles will be equipped with oxidizing catalytic
mufflers.
The lower expected future values for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions
are a direct result of using such catalytic mufflers hence the adverse result
of sulfation (the further oxidation of sulfur oxides and combination with
water to produce acid) is included in the calculations.
i�• The extimates represent peak hour values in ug/m3*,unless noted otherwise.
Applicable standards are given as concentrations for a specific time period;
the tabulated values are in the same units as shown for the reference standard.
L (Local) and R (Regional)impacts are defined in footnotes to the table AQ -2.
A complete list of air quality standards is shown on Table AQ -1. Computation
techniques are given in References AQ -4 to AQ -8 inclusive. In all cases the
valley background or existing local. levels of pollutants would be added to the
estimates. This also applies to roadside emissions of table AQ -3. The current
carbon monoxide background is of the order of 1200 to 2400 ug/m3.
*ug/m3 = a concentration of pollutants in micrograms per cubic meter.'.
-3-
W
"L
N
O
r
O
(_ C E
N
c
I
I
1
G E
I
N o
c
Aq
N
N 1
N
d
N
H
LL
C C O
�D
N LL
M
v
v
e
VI
U
9
LL
i
E
I
m
I
o v 1 I
o
A
I
N
1
O
M
O
O
O
O O
N
N
O
C
9
H
r C
E
oz Eo
n
I 1
._ c
C
u
2
u
O
Q
Q
7
C
M
C
�
a
Z
X O
u
y
U
=
4
O�
v
r
d
V
h
N
W
"L
ICA
0
J
81,003.22
August 19, 1975
Bill Area General Plan
AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE AQ -2
Alternative Plans
Contaminant
Very Low
Density
1, 1. R(2)
County
L R
City
L
R
County/City
L R
Maximum
L R
Carbon Monoxide
16
0.9
94
4.8
128
6.6
158
8.1
242
12.4
40,000 ug/m3; 1 hour
Hydrocarbons (Reactive)
1.1
0.06
7
0.4
10
0.6
12
0.7
18
1.0
160 ug/m3; 3 hour
Nitrogen Oxides
4
0.2
16
0.9
34
1.8
41
2.2
63
3.5
500 ug/m3; 1 hour
Sulfur Owies
0.3
0.012
2
0.1
2.8
0.14
3.3
0.16
4.3
0.2
1,306 ug/m�; 1 hour
Particulate
0.4
0.03
2.3
0.15
3.1
0.2
3.8
0.24
6
0.4
100 ug/m3; 24 hour
Sulfuric Acid rust
0.08
0.004
0.5
0.025
0.7
0.033
0.8
0.04
1.3
0.07
(no standard)
(1) Regional Impact is defined as the concentration produced ten kilometers down-
wind of the project center with conditions consisting of a 2 meter per second
wind a 300 meter mixing height and total project emissions treated as emanating
from a ground level point source at the project center. A one hour averaging
time is assumed.
(2) Local Impact is defined as an annual average concentration for an area of one
square kilometer using an annual. averaged wind speed and simple gaussian
dispersion models.
Table AQ -3 contains roadside values of carbon monoxide concentrations for peak
hour traffic volumes and lane service levels as given by the Traffic Engineer's
report. These values are used as an indication of. potential "hot spots" where
due to traffic congestion at intersections, emissions can build up until standards
are violated. The values shown represent an average mixing cell concentration
for a one hour averaging time at the specified locations, A through N. A cross-
wind speed of 1 to 2 meters per second with slight atmospheric turbulence is
assumed. For receptors located about one hundred feet away and downwind from
the roadside, the concentrations are reduced to about 40% of the values shown.
81,003.2.2
August 1.9, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
res AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK
----------------------------------------
For a very stable atmosphere and light variable winds with a low level inversion,
which occurs about 7% of the mornings during the winter months, the levels can
build up due to accumulation and poor atmospheric dispersion capability. In
this case, levels can increase from two to five times or more (for example in
natural or man-made roadway canyons that have a tendency to fill up with
pollutants and on a very localized basis, exceed standards) the value shown.
Violations of the standard of 40,000 ug/m3 for I hour, for CO will occur at
heavily traveled intersections. As well under 'such adverse metcrological
conditions combined with traffic congestion, standards for hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxides will be violated as well.
TABLE AQ -3
ROADSIDE CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE
(Standard 40,000 ug/m3; for 1 hour)
Receptor
Location
(Defined in
Traffic Section)
No Growth
Very Low
Density
Alternatives
County City
County/
City
Maximum
16,933
3,216
2,414
3,292
4,288
4,114
J
3,076
1,446
2,469
2,469
3,216
2,414
A
481
744
744
744
964
2,143
B
481
481.
744
744
744
744
E
744
1,206
1.,206
1,206
1,206
1,646
G
2,047
744
744
744
744
744
H
372
372
481
603
1,646
1,537
N
1 1,206
1,11.6
1,1.1.6
1,446
1,446
2,469
M
744
800
1,646
2,143
1,116
1,116
K
8,462
744
1,206
1,206
1,646
1,116
F
4,235
744
744
744
744
744
D
481
1,072
744
744
744
744
C
372
372
481
372
481
823
I
372
372
744
744
744
744
This tabulation uses the service levels and half levels provided by the
Traffic Engineer. As service level decreases, for a specified number of
vehicles moving at an average speed of 10 mph over a one kilometer portion
of roadway, there is an increasing amount of idle time, and idle -mode
emissions, attributable to the particular traffic volume.
Potential hot spots indicated by the higher CO levels of Table AQ -3 are in
general. receptor locations I. (Foothill Boulevard south of Freeway 280); and
J (Foothill Boulevard north of Stevens Creek). For the Maximum alternative,
locations A (Foothill Boulevard south of Stevens Creel:), and N (Stevens Creel:
-5-
81,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill Area General. Plan
• AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
east of Bubb Road) are potential hot spots. In the City Plan, location M
(Stevens Creek west of Bubb Road) is another potential hot spot. For the No
Growth alternative, locations G (Bubb Road south of McClellan Road), K (Stevens
Creek east of Foothill Boulevard) and F (McClellan Road east of Bubb Road)
would be first to manifest air quality problems at roadside.
Focusing attention for example on location L of the County/City alternative
the roadside levels of contaminants are estimated for average conditions as
follows:
Carbon Monoxide 4,288 ug/m3
(40,000 ug/m3; 1 hour)
Hydrocarbons (Reactive) 144 ug/m3
160 ug/m3; 3 hours (6-9am)
Nitrogen oxides 150 ug/m3
500 ug/m3; 1 hour
Sulfur oxides 49 ug/m3
1,306 ug/m3; 1 hour
Particulate 23 ug/m3
100 ug/m3; 24 hours
Sulfuric acid mist 13 ug/m3
As may be seen from this latter tabulation no standards are violated. However,
with adverse conditions a doubling or move of the estimated concentrations,
could approach and surpass HC and NO standards. For location L, No Growth
alternative, all emission standards would be violated at adjacent roadway
receptors due to total. congestion conditions. On the other hand where carbon
monoxide levels are of the order of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter at road-
side, except for occasions of adverse meteorological weather conditions combined
with some influence that has resulted in a severe congestion (vehicle accident
or road lane blockage), the standards will probably not be exceeded.
Of particular note are the potential sulfuric acid emissions. The sulfate
threshold level for persons with lung impairment or heart ailments is about
10 micrograms per cubic meter, hence health effects of this pollutant will be
adverse for certain individuals should they be driving or walking by heavy
traffic flows. The reactive hydrocarbon levels are usually exceeded adjacent
to any heavily traveled highway. No simplified method exists to model the
transformation of the emitted nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons into
secondary pollutants such as ozone and.photochemical oxidant. The levels of
reactive hydrocarbon release serve as a crude indication of the potential. for
photochemical activity well downwind of the re.l.ease area. The emission of:
��o
81.,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill. Area General Plan
• AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
photochemical reactants will not affect local oxidant levels; they will
play a small but real. role in concent with other project emissions, in
increasing oxidant levels in the southern reaches of the Santa Clara Valley.
The emission of particulate will contribute to decreased visibility in the
Valley which is manifested by a gradually increasing coefficient, of haze (when
the relative humidity is less than 70%).
Mitiaation Measures
Traffic flow patterns, into, on and out of the Hill Area and surrounding
regions must be carefully planned and subsequently monitored to prevent any
undue interference with existing and developing traffic flows. Bottlenecks
or traffic stackups must be avoided or minimized wherever possible. Vehicles
having to decelerate, wait at idle, then accelerate again, will emit more
than three times the quantity of pollutants than the same vehicle traveling
reasonably unhampered through the same intersection.
With decreasing levels of service for particular locations potential pollu-
tion "hot spots" will. form. Restricting turn lanes in such regions to other
intersections before or after the hot spot can reduce peak levels by simply
spreading out the pollution.
Sulfation problems, which could potentially become quite serious, might be
curtailed by Federal and State action to:
(i) de -sulfur gasoline
(ii) develop a sulfate trap for cars
(iii) develop a realistic sulfate emission standard (one is being
readied for implementation in 1979)
All three items remain unanswered at this time.
The location of buildings well back from and preferably upwind of major
roads is desirable from an air quality viewpoint. A judicious choice of
easily accessed parking regions might be used to buffer cluster buildings
from access streets. Bus stops and car pooling centers located near area
population centers will encourage use of non -private vehicles.
I
In conclusion, an initial statement is reiterated: if emissions are ever
to be decreased even slightly, a major effort must be made to simply reduce
the overall daily vehicle miles driven in the Bay Area.
Nis
81.,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill. Area General Plan
lr�AIR QUALITY by 1). J. MYRONUK
j---------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENC17S
AQ -1 -
B.A.A.P.C.D. Information Bulletin, June 15, 1970. "A Study of
Air Flow Patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area". C.L. Smalley.
AQ -2 -
B.A.A.P.C.D. Summaries of Air Pollution in the Bay Area, 1973/1974.
AQ -3' -
Air Pollution in the San Francisco Bay Area. 9th Edition.
January 1.975.
AQ -4 -
Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors. EPA/OAP Publica-
tion. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
AQ -5 -
A Mathematical Model for Relating Air Quality Measurements to
Air Quality Standards. EPA Publication, AP -89. R.I. Larsen.
AQ -6 -
Thuillier, R. H. "Air Quality Statistics in Land Use Planning
Applications". 3rd Conference on Probability and Statistics
in Atmospheric Science. Colorado. June, 1.973.
AQ -7 -
A Study of: Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles in Six Cities.
. '
EPA Publication. APTD-1497.
AQ -8 - Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. U.S. Public
Health Publication. 999 -AP -26. Turner, D. B.
-8-
I Q6
Hill Area General Plan
10. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
I V
`
I
81,003.22
August 19, 1.975
Hill Area General Plan
Agricultural Uses
----------------------
In a report prepared for the PPC Urban Development/Open Space Subcommittee
entitled "Agriculture: A Look at its Future", Mr. Peter Lert stated that
the "climate of Santa Clara County is favorable for a variety of fruit and
vegetable crops, premium wine grapes, cut flowers and nursery stock. However,
all of these crops can be grown as well or better in other competing areas of
the State and in the case of fruit crops these other areas generally attain
higher yields per acre and more favorable times or conditions of maturity." 1
Mr. Lert's statement underscores the irony of the agricultural land use
situation in.Santa Clara County. The County is blessed•with a favorable
growing climate and some of the most productive Class I and Class 2 soils
in the State, however, due to economic conditions, agriculture has suffered
a severe decline and will most probably result in complete displacement by
urban uses particularly in the areas of. the County.
In 1945 there were approximately 117,000 acres of land in production_ in
fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables. In 1973 the total acreage was
approximately 40,000 acres. The largest decline in acreage was made through
the years 1960 through 1971. Although the total acreage of agricultural
production has decreased, total income has increased from 65.2 million
dollars in 1945 to 92.7 million dollars in 1973. The change in value is
• reflected by the inflationary rate plus the change in emphasis from low
dollar yield agricultural products such as fruits, nuts and berries to'high
dollar yield nursery stock and cut flower operations.2'
The attached map labeled "Agricultural Uses" describes the extent of Class 1
and 2 soils within the City's sphere of influence, delineates land presently
utilized for agricultural use, delineates green house operations and delineates
lands under williamson Act contract. As evidenced by the map, the Hillside
Study Area boundary line generally approximates the extent of Class 1 and 2
soils which indicates that land. areas within the Hillside Study Area are not
ideally suited for agricultural production.
As of this date (July 1975) there are approximately 330 acres of prime
agricultural land within the City's corporate limits. There are a total of
490 acres of prime agricultural land within the City's sphere of influence.
Approximately 30 acres of the 490 total acres of prime land are in the Hillside
General Plan Boundary. The 70+ Mariani parcel represents the largest parcel of
prime land. The remaining acreage is in small. ownerships.
As indicated in the opening quotation and as elaborated by Mr. Lert during
public testimony given to the Commission on February 20, 1975, agricultural
uses are generally not economically viable within the Cupertino area of Santa
Clara Valley.. The agricultural uses in Santa Clara Vounty cannot compete with
other favorable areas because of higher costs, primarily in terms of labor,
1. Ler.t, Peter J. "Agriculture - A look at its Future'.' P. 3
2. Santa Clara County Info Series No. 526, May, 1974.
-1-
81,003.22
August 19, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
Agricultural. Uses
• -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
water and the production efficiency of crops grown'. Mr. Lert stated that even
if the County Tax Assessor could somehow cease taxation of agricultural land,
the farmers in Santa Clara Valley could still not compete with farm proaucers
in more favorable agricultural areas of the State.
The most successful agricultural use within the Cupertino area is floriculture
yet this industry is suffering declines because of foreign competition primarily
from Latin American countries. Again the higher labor costs and production costs
make the agricultural use, in this case floriculture, non-competitive.
liamson Act
The Williamson Act or the California Land Conservation Act of 1965 was enacted
to preserve prime agricultural land by allowing the tax assessor to develop a
preferential. tax treatment program. The program allows the assessor to assess
land based on its farm income rather than the highest and best market use pro-
vided that the owner signs a contract with the City or County agency which
prohibits urban development for a 10 -year perior that is renewed automatically
every year.' The Williamson Act has been criticized by conservationists because
of its voluntary nature. In general Williamson Act contracts have not involved
prime agricultural land in close proximity to urban centers but rather marginally
usable agricultural land located beyond the urban fringe. Owners of prime land
within close proximities to urban centers have elected to keep their lands in
. an unincumbered status so as to retain the flexibility of selling their land
for urban development at relatively high prices. Although the Williamson Act
does have some pitfalls, the Act can be used and is being used to preserve land
with open space values for quasi -public agricultural uses such as boarding stables
and for less intensive agricultural uses such as grazing and Christmas tree
farming.
•
Each of the five General Plan alternatives will have a derogatory effect relative
to the retention of the 30+ acres of prime agricultural land within the hillside
boundary. The low density alternative which proposes 5 -acre minimum lot sizes
within the relatively flat Seven Springs Ranch will have a lesser impact on the
reduction of the agricultural. land resource, however, the division of the
property into 5 -acre lots would discourage commercial farm operations because
of the lack of economy of scale. However, the low density plan will offer an
opportunity for a home owner to utilize the land for home or "gentlemen" farming
activities.
A more detailed description of the future for agricultural uses within Santa
Clara Valley can be found in Mr. Lert's report, "Agriculture: A Look at its
Future".
-2-
O
s
MIR
krR
ft rFil
•� �,Y
\/t_ .. "" ... - _ .� "a+ .:a•/ 4 Yom— r _ L 3 ' : ... -
Yr'
(�Y f N-. .: - -- •-'- �v _ _ ��' �... .,'Y. - r- � , Are S: : ..-.-. t�: _
/ _ - ". : -� } r. _ �� -. .' , -, <a.-. ^3 - �,"u. l :�-ems "♦ $� e.+--,. r .0-; -1-i
1 <{ lJ
r-
,
.• 't � :'r. -� _: .., ) ., �•'rt+-, .. ..,. .--. _:. -1. -_: -_ .Il .T - t.� _... .; .ate r'l� - � 'a-
_-
_ '). ,,, (T( , r` •/.:._�..: •- \ . L� - �'tll_v> -: _ c. -'= ;.-�:_.".(( -sI = i�; � - r- - '� - s •E - - :F:
-
,.
' .., :- :a � r kl .: ,. ` - � . _ � ' ! - t -•,. :.tea... .•. � r'+- L -t r1, / 77
I "'_�"l;_,•'ex •� -L`-.. ati. �c�tn
-'_,
1• � - ,,f �, :. ,.•a
_ "C. �{• v"" � - � t t-1.. r-'- �t�Z1 t sr-•^ �• i "s`�i'-\_J�i.I_�ls.+i _•...� _ - _ - _
.. 1 _, �:. ,..,._ ... -.: -a. '::� -_ :. ,, ..; .�. ,. •. .� tri.. Y->. - .:r � y,- +-'
ens --�. r... � � � - ._+. r r I f _� •11
O � S' lik7 �.(y r � { ' isj 3+. - � � `�•+ '�f: ': � . }`-
+pf � _ -
_
,
s.- � -.:._. :. ^.. .. C •i1 '.ivi. ;` :;.- i+-'• '- ._. s�i�aJ r..:.-.iizL�'ti.,•-�� j,
i ♦' \!.� _•fit:-.$. :4 .� : C '.• \> �\/ b_.-, •yb-i'•2
a � ski 4 f�.•w _ _ '� ,,;�_ �''J
' - G-" al - •w=:a -'�'" i',tl-e,j7�'��-,y� 1 �.�. �' V _ {{5 �I - p 1 �I: - '=rS.'�i'T:'' # - �rL•����`. �/�
-
I f •r-
" • s /ya-: �. ,. : �` �_--. F r� ... - 1►a�<�_ ..w vim_ _,+: „_-'.rr a�=�.��.
i 1' � •. - ", ,�. � - fi<F:„ .- ,r _ '. - - � -, _L F•r �. - �- .moi is ) t-�°X�,y �n+�--7 - _ �.v���. -�
' /_ - \'-�yrrsj� .��,. -.� -_ - O - - p:;=sfis� - - S 3 �./lr'.-�. ..:Y R:�•.'iF�,i _. [�, .�
T l as _, m ,t c _ - t I .. \ .,`\ - 4s - __ GJ I _ � ' -- R '�..t2-Y3: i - G� (•�Sll, � � ' �� 4'1;:\.- ( ',..->• 4 Q
SII K • py '� � -- Y,.} �:.:. � a V '�- ,! ..4 1?�y":% - ;4.. - �^ 'W.•Li�t� _ - ��/�/
[ V fea l.•T:a. • �(�q, !. +I i.:.: -!t - F^ j-�{ C% - j. 8
-. •.w - `r e• - - _�`� :'"k. • ' c :'L/u , _ ' �i SOIL _�' - d �z-�
_ s -
z
I., �'.. _.- ..� _n.. ., _.� -� - ,-c -..'... .,� _�. '� �`., \.. �d,�-•i'.- .' _ i - h -.. �a> It 1 r � .i "�.�
, ,'.;)-Y. r �., _':1 ., -. -__- .. - - � " . .•.. .+, .,. �,. -_ - - � a' ... -s_as. Lir= Y •: <r..>;: - _:n' .�-.
s
I'
e\\
I o :, ___ � . w .- � .: ,.: ., -: / h. ; � .._ ` .ice . \ _ _. ,-. - 1 - _ ' C - yy _:� .\ j i - O 5 ' � >3 - '�i-+. �r� - .CLASS IL• i !.. Rg.-•. �cY- - -
+ __ - -.. ;:,_.._--` •. `— \\\:- ... __ \�. •-��:�-_ �_- �- � - �\\ ezi - `i ` ,- -- - - '� ..111• _ .:`+t\_, I
Q. 1100 \-�✓ 1� �\-♦ .fpm ` , -, '. - ' : :� \ .�. i- - r9+ °„-' Q' T-ia�r= ,., � - - _
:
•CLASPS- i or 2 -SOILS _
--
�7
i t L.
3 AI
nS
I -
I Q _ -- , �--\_ '=� — ', + , `: :'-_: .'�;�., ► " CL S• I or 2 SOILS -.._. �� �.,: _ '•�- -- � �.
a
s 1 _'-'L a• / r "� �:- r. - _ _ 1 rte{ ...r�ASS 3 OIL : .l_✓ - r i i� .'
MY 4' r I R -- _ .�-:;�=- %. - -, � � • ',% - � js _ - t ,(�' I. I
tl
kill
-
.
, ♦ r.:�: _ ;'.�:-_' ,,. __.. w`ta-_v -_�.. __-- 4 � -'. -/,' ::. �.. 6 - tom: ._ _'may' '- - '^/ y T -. -
_ww' .. .. /r. �-` �----_: ,-. :._ �.. -• ,�� --rte : '':_ : ..-..-. ':.' ," I - __ _- - _
/
a
,
� ;. ♦ - a -_ ._ _.-,,_ � ,,-\- .,_�- _ _._ �� ..,:�. __ -- :-i, ;<�i - ,x ,..._tit.
< a
--
BhT
�a
,. ., _ � _ _ iia - j w•.iw-•-� -
-
1
r
' I
1 .
\
1 -
✓ - ate._ _ o_- _ --_ \: - r -i•... sIs r.. \ " _ • _ \ - moi"-�"� I -:r -
e s .,•.. _ - - -- _- „ - \ �' �- � /: --� .. _-� ..� .:. t, _„ w C -- r_t--�- 'Y >tt. - t ':f)� 0 E'�^'IG'�'{' - `rr -.�.
♦ .\fes , _ `�. � _-� , -.: `. , _ \. \. :, v - � ' _ ��v.1 -I.1 "'D7K >.,:-:..-:,l �4 r _% "--�-
- .til
{r,.. ,_ .�YHate[. \ .. _-. _eir_:. �-� __-\- - �' �-.. h _ � ,�J• r� ;,,. _ r %/ .t -
,ice :,_ _ -_. t _ _may e,. - _ �1 S�� `� �-�__.- :�. ?' - .r _ . ` /a♦ ��`"i �{��1♦y -. _i,y{�y ia, -'�' 1,` -:-:_
., ._ ` __ � _ f -... -• :., r _ \ �. ,. , . � '- .__ T \ - . � . a �. - . �T}j''^ - -eii. a..t't'i-?,' 1�Lis�".-,•+L'1 _ e/ _ _ _
- -
1 � - 1
,
�• __ as _ .�J• .rl• I� `
Jam/ - \ F _ - . \ - � • ,>f� `��,y'... - _ [ � � - * Y
_ -9� ,,, :<:� �_-`I; . ? ., +, ! �. .�..� b�L{, a ...'0 • i"� _21 �".> - I -f. .r� fit. .t lL���jj{
El-
{ - f .
o I
i
• i
w:
, 1 ■
a 1 A -�_�. -.- _,,=.:',-' -\ ,��-•--_�i~'d`'.�. -_ r .?`: u00- '�; - .._ �' ''I' - - - IlrcP S:- - �`. _ _ _r .Y ..rte:__}�+�"�
:
_
zb
'
>
o _ '. - .•\ :" � -�� -- of -_ f x L..... � ;- :4_ }-;n' �A _
.._- .�_� - - \_�. � -. ._ ..{,rale .� -. - _ : _ _ .--\ -: -, =l� r ; -. ' [• - - -->C'��' � - / '
.-r.. �'. "-•'. : ,00 � 4. r ':-t�.: •, is -'r,. -`�
- .�
s.
a
\ :r � '"`� � -= ��� \ i�� �. q:.` "i -_ \, \ :r: /_ r :e%� f r."v E� saa;•adti a6.iK.aet:66�--..
A
_\1 L-_ ���\ :�:r,� ^,I; >/ �/ ; r �� ,. f _. ✓•: /; - ��' . •,� � �Zb ;��� \ _. M�,;,'2�o�\ ;'�_ -1
aro,` 3-' - ' 9.eF� £_ , K��"� „_ __� ,v�� ' - � _� '� (,,:°�� � -L}� :�,� `�'_ _ y itit _ -�-_ � e '?ti- a -•
AGRICULTURAL
USES
-
r
-
.!
`� / ;, r,' � �;; j � , �. , \� ,,r, ;.�-. ,, — - \�'— _ •' x : GREENHOUSE
� �' l �: , : _ _ rs'i, r _`•oo=� � ����9'��.� ,r iii' _ �� �-' � : - - - _
� -
ffi • <_ \< ✓`' ``; ;Y t.. = ,: , ,/,moi ". n, \( 'r; � \� � �\'�]�\. `: � _ti _ �\� - y ,�_ - / �j-� - _ - r' si r
oleo° a@ � �-. .. �: i- / ✓'.`' �.'.- .rte o'4v ,, : �;, 1 _ �-,' .. . v �� ,,. `= ,_-' v = ^t. � � e°o". , __''_.� J+ '.1
�l - .; . ,� ,\ \, _ , : ,, _ '=- -' .,\'\( � � < -, �__ ���� - �•. ". <� .� , - ;,.:�� r -v: '"- % - -
%' > _ y , f � - I .,-✓ - '� ,, =` =1�a - - 1 - - - �
LANDS WILLIAMSONACT CONTRACT LJ
.a. _
s
PRESENT AGRICULTURAL USE
° /oo,;,; - _ r z / y..,: r;j < -, eoo _ • GENERALIZED EXTENT OF CLASS I or 2 SOILS 1111111111111
HILLSIDE Y BOUNDARY
\ HI DE _STUD
< -• tire, � � I - _ ; , �, �\ 1-. -, '_\ -�. --�' • �' . ` - �
♦ r - 1 _URBAN SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY
I"=2000'
.
_
e - _...�� 1 -=/_i(1( �� ie1 t , 9 ,V� r ��' _ 4 L/1111 ��� rte: !<-�-�'t--> tk• MC August 14 1975 - 81,003.22
GENERAL PLAN STUDY
Hill. Area General Plan
11. MINERAL RESOURCES
,e
1�_.
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
MINERAL RESOURCES .
-------------------------------------------------------------
The hill area within Cupertino's sphere of influence contains
a major deposit of limestone, quarried for manufacturing of
cement:. There is also a large quarry producing crushed rock.
Gravel and sand deposits are not quarried at present.
An Environmental Geologic Analysis of the Montebello Ridge Study
Area was made by the California Division of Mines and Geology
in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department.
This extensive study is utilized for the Mineral Resources and
Geologic Stability sections of the Hill Area General Plan. .
Mineral Resources
The Environmental Geological Analysis of Montebello Ridge Study
Area states:
"Much of the study area is underlain by rocks that are
potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock.
Because much' of the potential resources use lies outside
the 'study area, the determination of the ultimate resource
value was not made for this limited study.
I'f residential development continues to proceed as in the
past, more of these potential mineral resources will be
covered by homes cai-thouL regard to the concomitant loss
of mineral resources.
Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources
study should be made to evaluate the future need for and
value of available specific mineral. resources. This study
would of necessity have to be integrated with County and
local policies on population and industrial growth. Local
land use decisions then could include these resource value
data in balancing values gained against values lost for any
particular development. Environmental impact studies also
would have need for these data. The desirability and feasi-
bility of extracting these materials for export from the area
might also be considered.
The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted
jointly by,the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data
in this regard."
It seems that until more exact figures for the value of the mineral.
resources is available, known substantial resources should be pro-
tected by inclusion in a non-residential Mineral Resources Area in
the General Plan.
-1-
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
r'
MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Limestone
The Geological Analysis states:
"Limestone -- Deposits of limestone and interbedded chert
exist as minor but significant units within the Franciscan
rocks. These.limestone-chert units have been used in the
past for cement manufacture, crushed rock and sugar re-
fining. ':aiser Cement and Gypsum Corporation is mining
one of these deposits in the Permanente Creek drainage.
Products include limestone for cement manufacture, and
limestone -chert for crushed rock material. Until 1951,
high-grade limestone also was produced for the sugar re-
fining industry. Although this deposit was worked as
early as 1900 (for beet sugar refining material.), the
current large-scale open pit operation was begun in 1939
by Permanente Cement Company (now Kaiser Cement ar.d Gypst•m
Corp.) to supply more than 6.5 million barrels of cement
for construction of Shasta Dam (hart, in press).
The Permanente Creek deposit is the largest known lime-
stone deposit within the Franciscan rocks in the Coast
Ranges (Walker, 1950). 'Its present surface exposure covers
a generally triangular area, the sides of which measure
approximately 3000' x 3500' x 4000'. Most of the deposit
is situated on the north side of Permanente Creek, where
the large open pit is being developed. The maximum vertical
dimension of the deposit is difficult to estimate, because
it is deformed by a complex series of faults and folds. At:
present, approximately 600 vertical feet of the deposit are
exposed in the open pit. Exploratory drill holes indicate
that part of the deposit extends further downward (Kaiser
Cement and Gypsum Corp., oral communication)."
Crushed Rock
The Geological Analysis states:
"Crushed Rock -- Material sold as crushed rock is used for
a variety of purposes including (in order of decreasing
quality of material) concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate,
road base, and fill. High quality material must be hard,
resistant to abrasion, and non-reactive when suspended in
a cement or asphalt medium. In the study area, the highest
quality crushed rock is the limestone -chert material produced
. as a by-product of the Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp. opera-
tion at Pcrmanente.Creek, and used for aggregate and road
f; r base.
-2-
AL/tm 81,003..22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
------------- -----------------------------------------------
The Neary Quarry adjacent to Los Altos Hills, and the
Stevens Creek Quarry northwest of Stevens Creek Reservoir
now produce crushed rock material for road base and fill.
Both the Neary and Stevens Creek Quarries are located in
volcanic rock units of the Franciscan rocks."
The potential for quarrying of crushed rock exists in many loca-
tions of the study area. It seems that a proposed Mineral
Resources Area (which includes all operational quarries in the.
study area) should cover a sufficiently large area to provide
this raw material.
Sand and Gr.aael
---------------
The Geological Analysis states:
"Sand and Gravel -- In commercial terms, 'sand and gravel'
refers to those naturally fragmental materials whose rock
and mineral fragments are commonly rounded and range in
diameter from 0.003 inches to 3 1/2 inches. Those materials
are used for much the same construction purposes as crushed
rock.
No production of this commodity occurs currently in the
study area, except for intermittent operation of the former
'Voss Quarry' at the northwest edge of Stevens Creel: Reser-
voir. This quarry and two abandoned quarries downstream
formerly produced sand and gravel from the Stevens Creek
member of the Santa Clara Formation. These materials were
crushed and used for road base, cement -treated road base,
and fill (Goldman, 1964)."
Note .
Abandoned quarries may be used for several recreational purposes,
such as an open-air summer theater, a drive-in theater, an
thletic stadium a rifle range; the latter use is common and
a,
exists within the study area.
It is difficult to determine whether abandoned sand gravel pits
should be considered permanently abandoned and, consequently,
designed as a recreational area. It seems best to designate the
area as a Mineral Resources Area with recreational uses permitted..
I ue
AL/tm 81,003. 22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------
The Mineral Resources Area shown on the Land Use map encompasses
the known limestone deposits, the existing crushed rock quarry,
and an area of gravel and sand deposits not quarried at present.
The area also includes a buffer area, generally to the nearest
ridge line. The'deli.neated area is somewhat smaller than the
Natural Resources area in the tentatively adopted Conservation
Element of Cupertino's General Plan, but larger than the area
indicated by the Monrebello ridge Study; the latter does not
include buffer areas.
-4-
_0
Hill Area General Plan
12. VECETATIO14 AND WILDLIFE
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 15, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
i-------------------------------------------------------------
Vegetation and wildlife have been studied on a countywide basis.
Somewhat more detailed mapping of vegetation was made as a part
of the Montebello Ridge Study, which encompassed all the hill
area within Cuper.tino's sphere of.influence. (This map is not
reproducible.)
Wildlife in the study area is varied but not so abundant that
hunting would be an economic factor. Agricu'ture is almost
non-existent �.n this area. Discussions with the' California
Department of Agriculture indicate that agricultural activities
in this hill area could not compete with other areas; even the
growing of Christmas trees would be more advantageous in areas
with more rainfall. Grazing has no great economic importance,
except as part of riding stable operations.
Except for the fact that protection of vegetation is economically
important because it helps .prevent landslides and silting, th
main reason for conservation of wildlife, trees and plants is
the belief that living in completely sterile and artificial
surroundings damages mankind and society.
Any development, even of parks, will lessen the area which can
support wildlife and vegetation, and will diminish the number of
e individualo of each species. Some species will retire entirely
from the confrontation with man, others will be able to share
the area, even if in fewer numbers.
The low residential density and the County and Peninsula park
systems will preserve most of the wildlife and vegetation. - The
inventory and mapping by the County Planning Department has not
disclosed any species which are unique to the area or any other
specific localized habitats. Therefore, it seems that wildlife
or plant reserves can be provided within the park areas.
Most of the area is brushland, but there are areas with larger
trees such as oaks and conifers. Repeated inquiries have failed
to establish for certain whether Montebello Ridge and the lower
hills close to the valley once were forested and eventually logged.
It seems likely, however, that they were predominantly brush -
land in historic times, and have been partly converted to grass-
land by grazing. - A forestation program may be considered
desirable as it would increase stability in the soil, consume
carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and provide shade and recrea-
tion areas, but may not be economically feasible. Also, it
would, of course, change the character of the hills.
s
AL/jk 81,003.22
.. July 8, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Higher residential density results in an.increasing number of dogs
and cats and, consequently, an increasing peril to wildlife.
Keeping of horses on residential lots may be considered in char-
acter with the hill development, and this possibility is indeed a
major incentive for people buying homes in hill areas. It is assumed
that this practice would.be permitted in the study area, with certain
limitations on lot area and location of stables. However, grazing
by horses effects changes in vegetation and wildlife.
Attachments
1. List of Natural Communities, from "A Man for the Conservation'
Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County"
(November 1973) .
2. Excerpt from a Draft Environmental Report (by ENVIROS, Aug. 12,
1974) on a specific 20 -acre site.located at Voss Avenue on the
fringe of the hill area. The ecology described in this report
may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which strad-
dles the boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter
valley area.
3. ,Schematic map indicating dominant type of vegetation, adapted
from a non -reproducible map compiled by the Planning Department
of Santa Clara County.
-2-
AL/jk 81;003.22
July 3, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
EXCERPT FROM SANTA CLARA COUNTY'S PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
•-------------------------------------------.. -
In "A Plan for the Conservation of Resources, an element of the
General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973), Thomas Harvey,
Diane Conradson, Viola Kenk and S. Sc. Strand identify the following
natural communities within Cupe.rtino's sphere of influence:
FRESH WATER ASSOCIATED, permanent: -
" it " intermittent:
flowing: -
,
wet soil: -
I r "
GRASSLAND
n
CHAPARRAL
n
• FOOTHILL WOODLAND
MIXED EVERGREEN FOREST
CONIFEROUS*** FOREST
SERPENTINE**** AREAS
ROCKY OUTCROPS
u
n —
s
Lakes (reservoirs)
Seasonal marshes
Live -:treams
Intermittent streams
Riparian*lands in valley
floor
r
canyons
Outer coast range grassland
Inner it
Hard chaparral** in dry
location
Soft " " wet
location
Redwood forest
The County Plan also indicates habitats of deer and of San
Francisco Garter Snakes within Cupertino's sphere of influence.
Rowerline clearings are indicated as major deer transit areas.
* Riparian
• ** Chaparral
*** Coniferous
**** Serpentine
- located on the bank of a stream.
- a thicket of stiff or thorny shrubs and
small trees.
- cone -bearing.
plants associated with weathered serpentine
rock.
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
. Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
REPORT, San Carlos It 12, Voss Avenue Project
Excerpt from DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL
prepared for the City of Cupertino by ENVIROS, August 12, 1974
---------------------------------------
Note
The following is quoted from an Environmental Impact Report on a specific
20 -acre site located on the fringe of the hill area. The described ecology
may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which straddles the
-
boundary between the steeper hills and theflattervalley area. A
few references to specific locations and acreage have been omitted in this.
quotation.
Plant and Fauna Associations
The site is an intermediate area between the flat valley floor and the
peninsula hills. Not only is the site intermediate in terms of topography
but alsr in terms of vegetation cover. The area in broad terms may be
referred to as the ecotone between urban ecosystem of the Santa Clara Valley
and the "natural" foothill woodland plant community.of the peninsula hills.
Another way' of looking at the area is as a kind of buffer zone between the
two different if not conflicting ecosystems.
. The ground surfaces within the project area may be divided into five major
divisions on the basis of vegetation.. On the lower, eastern portion of the
site, grasses and introduced as well as native trees are the characteristic
plants. The upper portion, the western or hillside, is covered.by woody
plants brush and two distinct woodland associations. In the northwest corner
is a small pond. As is the case in almost all natural systems, zones of
interaction and mixing are common. These ecotones are important in con-
sidering long range changes taking place in the different associations as
well as the entire system.
0
Foothill Woodlands
This plant community is characterized by scattered trees with an undergrowth
consisting in some areas of almost exclusively herbaceous plants, grasses and
low shrubs; while in other areas trees may be dense,.with scattered shrubs
underneath. A number of herbaceous plants are common.
i
Grass
The vegetation element distinguished as grass is by far the most common on the
project site. The dominant species are Yellow star thistle (Centaurea
solstitialis), Yellow Mustard (Brassica campestris), Filaree (Erodium spp.),
Wild.oat (Avena fatua) and Ryegrass.(Lolium spp.). It is these species along
with several others, represented in lesser numbers. A.list of species found
in lesser quantities follows:
-1-
Hill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (con::'d.)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Common Name Scientific Name
•-
Curly dock
Bur clover
Bull mallow
Foxtail
Fescue
Plantain
Amaranth
Wild radish
Morning glory
Artichoke thistle
Common groundsel
81,00j. 22
July 1, 1975
Rumex crispus
Medicago hispida
Malva nicaeensis
Hordewn spp.
Festuca spp:
Plantago laceolata
Amaranthus spp.
Raphanus sativus
Convolvulus spp.
Cynara cardunculus
Senecio vulgaris
The arca of the grass element was previously used as a pasture. At an
earlier time cattle were also kept in this area. Two consequences of this ,
earlier use are of importance in the present vegetation element: (1) the
grass species are largely introduced. Such species are well. adapted to the
environmental conditions of the area and as such have become well established.
(2) These introduced species are well adapted to a disturbed environment.
Disturbance, common at the urban fringe, has long been an important environ-
mental factor in this area and is the result of use for grazing as well as
development of adjacent areas for orchards.
Closed Oak Woodland
This vegetation element is the second most common on the site. It is the
closed oak woodland which is seen from the valley floor. Dominant species
are Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Valley oak (Quercus lobata),
California laurel (Umbelularia calinica) and Black walnut (Juglans
californica). The Coast live oak is however the most common and forms the
major element in the upper canopy or overstory. The term closed oak woodland
is used to distinguish this element from the oak woodland which usually has
trees widely spaced with many open areas of grass covering the intermediate
areas. In this closed woodland the trees are found growing close enough
together as to form an almost completely closed canopy. Under this canopy
a second story or layer of shrubs is common. The understory is characterized
by several shrubs most common of which are Toyon (Heteromeles arbuti.folia).,
Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coyote bush
(Baccharis pilularis). The ground layer is composed of many of the same
species found in the grassland element.
This woodland element forms a complex mosaic. Along its eastern margin it
grades into the oak woodland which is characterised by scattered oaks and
grassland.
-2—
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for 'Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Plants of t`:e Closed Oak Woodland Element:
rnmmnn Name Scientific Name
Buckeye Aesculus californica
Buckbrush Ceanothus cuneatus
Red bud Cercis occidentalis
Yerba Santa eriodictyon californicum
Gooseberry Ribes spp.
Wild rose Rosa californica
The major element of disturbance in this element has in the past been, and
will continue to be, fire. Like much of the foothill woodland vegetation
this portion has become adapted to periodic fires, keeping the second story
to a minimum.
Open Oak Woodland.
The open woodland, often when found covering large areas known as savanna,
is a sort of half -way country between the foothill woodland and the grass-
land. The dominant.species in this element are Coast live oak (Quercus
• agrifoli.a) and Valley oak (Quercus lobata). Trees are generally widely
spaced with open grass areas between individual treea. Trees are found
individually or in small clumps. No intermediate or second story is found
in this element. The overstory of oaks and ground layer of grasses con-
stitute the vertical composition of this element.
Under natural conditions this element was influenced by periodic fires.
Such fires, like those in the foothill woodland, kept an understory of
brush from developing. With the reduction in fires this element has under-
gone notable change. Perhaps the most important change has.been the replace-
ment of native grasses by introduced species. Cattle which were allowed to
roam the hills at will are in large part responsible for the shift from the
native grasses to introduced species. The native species, though adapted to
fire, were not able to withstand repeated grazing.
Brush.
The brush element covers only a small part of the site. It is largely
confined to the area around a small pond and on an abandoned dam. The
dominant species which compose this element are Coyote bush (Baccharis
pilulari.$), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.) and
Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa). Several thickets composed of Poison Oak (Rhus
diversiloba), Coyote bush (Baccharis pilular.i.$) and Wild rose (Rosa
californica) are present.
4y. The brush element is a good example of a successional stage between the
grassland and the foothill woodland. Several small Coyote bush (Baccharis
pilularis) plants have become established in the lower part of the property
suggesting that the successional process has started. The development of
-3-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Bill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by EN'VIROS (cont'd.) ------
brush can be seen as a result of decreased fire and grazing on the project
site and'surrounding area. The brush element is well developed to the west
and along with the foothill woodland element comprise the dominant hillside
vegetation cover.
Ponds.
A small pond fed by an i-itermittent stream and located in the northwestern
portion of the site is only about 0.2 acres in area. It was probably used
for irrigation water and as a water supply for the cattle and horses which
were allowed to graze the hillsides. The pond is not maintained and as
such supports a dense growth of cattail (Typha spp.), Tule (Scirpus spp.),
Spike rush (Heleochairs spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.). The pond itself is
choked with a heavy growth of algae.
Because of the intermittent nature of the stream the level of the water
is subject to considerable change. On the basis of past water lines it
would appear that the water level may change more than six feet between
high and low level..
At one time another man-made pond existed on the property. This pond
• was located between the open oak woodland and the closed oak woodland.
At this time the pond has no water in it and is underguiag succession
from grass to brush. Several large Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis)
plants are established in the old pond. The dam has already been colonized
by several brush species. It is unlikely that water remains in this pond
for any length of time, since the watershed area is amall and the dam is
in disrepair.
Introduced Species.
There are several introduced trees probably planted around a house.
Those identified were English walnut (Juglans reg_ia), Fig (Fiscus spp.),
Silk tree (Albizzia spp.), Pepper tree (Schi.nus spp.) and Deodar cedar
(Cedrus deodara). These trees are in a state of decline.
Also located along the southern part of the project site are several
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). This introduced tree appears to be
well adapted to the area. All are in good condition despite adverse
conditions during the past two winters.
Wildlife.
Only a few of the total possible variety of animals to inhabit the area
were observed on the two visits. Shy animals, or animals with highly
specialized habitat requirements have probably already disappeared.
• Grazing has caused further disruption. Yet a third disruptive element
is the Permanente cement plant. These three factors have resulted in
-4-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION AND 14ILDLIFE (cont'd.)
. Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
considerable disturbance both on the project site and in the adjacent area.
A list of animals one might find on the project site follows:
•
I•
Amphibians
Slender salamander
Western spadefoot toad
Pacific treefrog
Bullfrog
Western toad
Reptiles
Fence lizard
Alligator lizard
Gopher snake
Garter snake
Pond turtle
Ringneck snake
Kingsuake
Coast garter snake
Rattlesnake
Mammals
Opossum
Raccoon
Skunk
Ground.squirrel
Gopher.
California mole
Bats
Weasel
Coyote
Bobcat
Rats
Mice
Jackrabbit
Black -tailed deer
Open Oak Closed Oak
Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
-5-
On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available
literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered
plants or animals
Food Chains
The transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with
repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At
each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps
as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited
usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available
energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins
with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The
detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through
detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur
in complex interlocking patterns. In natural systems all those organisms
which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level.
All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second,
carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth
level.
81,003.22
July 1,
1975
Hill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
(cont'd.)
by ENVIROS
(cont'd.)-----------------
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue.Project,
-----------------------------------------
Open Oak
Closed Oak
Grassland
Woodland
Woodland
Brush
Pond,
Birds
X
Mallard duck
X
Coots
X
X
X
Quail
X
X
X
X
Pigeons
X
X
X
X
Doves
X
X
X
Owls
X
X
X
X
Swifts
X
X
X
X
Hummingbirds
X
X
X
Flycatchers
X
X
X
X
Swallows
X
X
X
X
X
Jays
X
X
X
Magpies
X
X
X
X
Red tail hawk
X
X
X
Crows
X
X
Wrens
X
X
X
X
X
Mockingbirds
X
Finches
X
X
X
X
X
X
Blac? irds
X
X
X
Sparrows
X
X
X
X
Robin
Meauowlark
X
X
On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available
literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered
plants or animals
Food Chains
The transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with
repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At
each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps
as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited
usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available
energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins
with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The
detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through
detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur
in complex interlocking patterns. In natural systems all those organisms
which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level.
All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second,
carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth
level.
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• VEGETATION /AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------- =------------------------
On the basis of the possible species list one might envisage a food chain
of the following kind: Oak acorn --Ground squirrel --Gopher snake --Red tail hawk.
The number of possible diverse and interlocking food chains is considerable.
It should be emphasized that with *fan food chains are subject to considerable
disruption and dislocation. In this area alone man has caused the disappearance
of the Grizzley bear and probably the Mountain lion. This has resulted in the
removal of the top level of the chain. What this means is that herbivores,
such as deer, now have no natural enemy and their populations are allowed to
increase beyond natural limits. ,fan has to a very limited degree replaced the
upper level carnivores, but all too often his predation is misdirected. .The
possible food chain could at any point include man, unfortunately it has often
included man at the top since it is not uncommon, though illegal, that people
will shoot Red tail hawks.
Impacts and Mitigation
In all probability the major damage has already been done. The proposed
development will only increase the degree of that impact. Since the property
has been used for grazing, has been surrounded by orchards which have now been
replaced with houses and has a cement plant just to the west the most significant
damage has been done. What remains is also subject to adverse impact. Vegeta-
tion destruction would be greatest and most permanent if development is allowed
on the hills. Open Oak Woodland will be the most impacted. The Closed Oak
Woodland, because of '.ts location on the steeper hillsides, would be less
impacted. Generally, most of the oaks near the pond are in fa;,r to good health,
particularly the live oaks. Several of the deciduous oaks are in poor health
with insect damage noted in the crowns. On the southwest portion, the oaks
are in fair health; a number of trees had thinning crowns and numerous dead
small 'branches and twigs. It is this habitat which probably supports the
largest wildlife populations and it is therefore fortunate that it is found
in areas unsuited for development.
In landscaping, the developer should emphasize the use of native species. These
require less care and in the long run will be more suitable to the climatic
changes which have recently caused so much concern in the Bay Area. Further,
the use of native species would provide food and other habitat requirements
for native animal species displaced in the process of development.
The destruction of vegetation is the greatest potential threat to wildlife.
This is because all animals are dependent on plants either directly or
indirectly for food and cover, and because any environmental change is reflected
in the vegetation it is useful to think of animals as associated with the major
vegetation elements. Each animal will respond to change in its own way; few
generalizations concerning impact can be made. Also it should be remembered
that unlike plants, animals are not restricted to a given site, and can move
in response to change. Such movement is however restricted to suitable
habitats if such exist in the surrounding area. The animal, faced with
adverse environmental change, must move or die. If an adjacent habitat is
-7-
81,003.22
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
VEGETATION A14D WILDLIFE (cont'd.)
Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.)
occupied by another individual one must give way to the other. In the natural
environment only so many individuals of a given species are able to feed and
reproduce in a limited area. Further development will probably result in
reductions in the number of reptiles, they will be forced further up the hill.
If Coyote and Bobcat are in the area they will also be forced further away
from the valley. Birds which will suffer from development will include the
Red tail hawk. Most of the species now in the area are already fairly well
adapted to the urban fringe and will continue to be found in the area though
probably in reduced numbers. The reduction in numbers will be a result of
two factors: (1) the destruction of habitat., which provides food and shelter
for breeding and protection from predation. (2) As a'result of habitat
destruction the lower level of the food chain will be disrupted. This would
mean that, the carnivores will have a reduced food source and will therefore
be reduced in numbers.
Some species will probably increase as a result of development. Many rodents
are well adapted to man and will increase in numbers with developu,_�nt. Rays
and mice are the two best examples. Other mammals which are able to live in
close proximity to man and not suffer adverse impact are Raccoon and Deer.
Both will probably maintain populations similar to those which they now have.
Birds which are able to adapt include Jays, Doves, Pigeons, Crows, Blackbirds,
Sparrows and Robins. One species which might enter the area is the Starling
• which now can be found in the urban area.
The best way to mitigate impact on the wildlife is to confine development to
the flat, eastern portion of the site.
Generally it is felt that the adverse impact on wildlife, provided that develop-
ment is limited to the flat eastern portion of the property, will be minimal.
If .development is allowed in the oak areas the impact will be greater as a
result of habitat destruction. As previously mentioned the most significant
damage has been done; the large carnivores are already gone and those species
which .remain will suffer less since they are already adapted to man's presence.
The small pond can only be improved as a result of development. At this time
it is in a state of decline due to lack of upkeep. Aquatic and send -aquatic
vegetation are causing the pond to become chocked with vegetation and this
in turn is causing reductions in aquatic animals. Cleaning up the pond, removing
much of the aquatic and semi -aquatic vegetation will render it more productive
in terms of a greater variety of wildlife. Cleaning it will not affect its
use as a wildlife water hole. Neighbors of the property report the pond
contains fish. If true, the populations will not survive for long in the
existing pond. If cleaned and maintained, fish could be planted, thereby
creating a valuable recreation facility for the proposed housing development.
If the pond were to become a recreational facility, the large oaks and part
of the aquatic vegetation should be left so as to increase the habitat diversity
in and adjacent to the pond.
0
Hill Area General Plan
13. GEOLOGIC STABILITY
I�
.9
April 17, 1.974
SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Extensive studies of seismic safety and geologic stability have
been made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in
cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department.
Studies of damage prevention and rescue service, etc. are at
present conducted by the County in cooperation with the various
cities.
These studies seem to confirm rather Chan diminish the following
section of the Open Space and Conservation Element of Cupertino's
General Plan, adopted September 18, 1972 (though thi's is not the
adopted policy of the Hillside.Subcommittee):
SAN ANDREAS RIFT ZONE
The only known active earthquake fault zone within Cuperti.no's
sphere of influence is the San Andreas fault. It runs northwest -
southwest along the upper part of Stevens Creek and then turns
south through Camp Saratoga and Sandbcrn Valley. (Other known
faults are inactive, but care should be taken not to permit build-
ings on top of them.)
The San Andreas fault is localized to a very -narrow band, but the
effects of earthquakes in the fault can be felt over a very wide
area. 1t should be noted, 'however, .that buildings with foundation
on bedrock quite close to the fault may be little damaged by a
strong earthquake, while severe damage may be inflicted on build-
ings on certain types'of soil (and particularly on fill) several
miles away. In addition to direct damage from vibrations, an earth-
quake can trigger landslides in steep areas, which may cause as
much damage.
The Open Space Element map shows the San Andreas Rift Zone as a
2,000 foot wide band centered on the fault. The chosen width
is not arbitrary, as it includes the steepest slopes adjacent to
the fault.
There are several summer homes and two resorts with swimming holes
within the indicated rift zone. Further residential development
should b.e prevented through zoning (though existing homes would be
permitted.to remain non -conforming uses if the residents want to
take the risk). Commercial recreational use could continue and
be expanded, with some restrictions. The zoning regulations could
be similar to the Agricultural -Recreational (A-ua) ordinance of
the City of Cupertino, with added regulation to diminish the effect
of an earthquake on buildings.. '(The County has the jurisdiction
over the entire area indicated on the map.)
-1-
Draft
AL/jk 81,003.42
Aug. 28, 1974
SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA) (cont'd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
/•STRUCTURAL HAZARDS
Buildings within the City of Cupertino are mostly new and constructed
to standards considered to minimize seismic hazards. A few older
buildings in the City, and buildings in the unincorporated area within
the City's sphere of influence are mostly wooden one-story buildings,
or stucco on wooden frames. This flexible construction minimizes
damage from earth -shaking. No high-risk buildings have been located.
DISASTER PLANNING PROGRAMS
The urbanized area of. Santa Clara County is continuous and citiss
generally have no natural boundaries. Unincorporated County areas
intermingle with the cities. For this reason, separate disaster plan-
ning programs for each city would be inefficient. The County has pre-
pared.a program with cooperation of the cities.
The City of Cupertino has no fire department or police department,
but contracts with the Santa Clara County Fire Protection District
and the County Sheriff's Office for services. The City's contribu-
tion to a disaster planning program must, therefore, be limited !:o
the City's Department of Public Works.
• -.Seasonal fire control of the undeveloped hill area is provided by
i the State of California Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Forestry (with headquarters in Morgan Hill).
'•
LI/
DEFINITION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK AND AVOIDABLE RISK
It is considered an acceptable risk that people continue to live
in and move into Cupertino though the City is located within a gen-
erally hazardous area. It is considered an avoidable risk to permit
residential development close to known inactive faults and near the
active San Andreas Fault.
-2-
JAB/hm 81,003.602
Aug. 22, 1974
l • SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (Appendix)
EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS IN THE ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO
(by John A. Busto, Chief Building Inspector)
Ordinance No. 627 - Adopting the 1973 Uniform Building Code:
The buildings presently being designed and built in the City of Cupertino
have to comply with the 1913 Uniform Bcildir_g Code, Sec. 2314, which reads:.
°Every building or structure and every portion thereof shall be designed and
constructed to.res'.st stresses produced by lateral forces as provided in this
,section. Stresses shall be calculated as the effect of a force applied horizon-
tally at each floor or roof level abovn the foundation. The force shall be
assumed to come from any horizontal direction."
The provisions of this section apply to the structure as a unit and also
!` • . to all parts thsreof, including the Stractural frame or walls, floors and roof .
systems, and other structural features.
The 1973 Uniform Building Code also places all of California in Seismic
Zone #3 which is the most hazardous of the four zones and requires the strictest
designs.
Ordinance No. 21h -A - Excavations, Grading and Retaining Walls:
Section 106.08.060 c. Engineering Geological Reports: Prior to issuance
of a grading permit, the Director, after review by a civil engineer, may require
an engineering geological investigation, based on the most recent grading plan.
The engineering geological report shall. include_ an adequate descrip'ci.0n of the
geol.or;/ of the site, and conclusions and rccomracndaticrs regarding the effect
of geologic conditions on the proposed development. All reports shall be
subject to approval by the Director, and supplemental reports and data may be
required as he any deem necessary. Recommendations included in the report
and approved by the Director shall be incorporated in the grading plan. Cost
to be borne by applicant.
Section 16.08.060 d. Soils Engineering Reports: The Director may req,zire,
after review by P. civil enginecr,'a soils engineering investigation, based on
the most recent ;trading Y4: ri. Such reports Soal l include data rcearding,, the
nature, distrib;ition, and strength of existing soils with particular emphasis
on stability of existing and proposed cut end fill slopes, ccnclusiono and
recommendation: for grading procPjures, and dcEti(ln criterl. for correci;i Ve
L- nea:r.ures. Recam;iendation s included in the re -port and rpprovcd by the Director
-1-
JAB/hm 81,003.602
Aug. 22, 1974
SEIS.dIC SAF_F:Y ELE_PiE
__N_i_(APPendir,)_(cont'd_)----------------------
•s) -.all be incorporaicedlin the grading plan or specifications.. Cost to be borne
by applicant. i
Section la.08.080 b. Geological or Flood Hazard: If, in the opinion of
the Director, after review by a civil engineer, the land area for which grading
is proposed is subject to geological or flood hazard to the extent that no
reasonable amount of corrective work can eliminate or sufficiently reduce the
u
hazard. to human life or property, the grading p_rmit and building permits for
habitable structures shall be denied.
Section 16.08.00 c. Violation of Other Oriiinances: The Director shall
not issue a grading permit for work on a. site unless all proposed uses shown
on the grading plans for the site will comply with all provisions of zoning
and other applicable City Ordinances.
Ordinance Pio. 409.— Soils Report:
Is an ordinance requiring a preliminary soils report and approval thereof
as a condition to the issuance of a building permit.
E�
-2-
§0 035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
• Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
SUiiNZIARY OF FINDINGS
GENERAL GEOLOGY
The San Andreas Fault- Zone is the dominant geologic feature in the Montebello
Ridge Study Area. The general geology of this area is similar to that of the
"Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" located immediately to the south (see Fig. 1)
The reader is referred to the geologic report on the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study
Area" (Rogers, 1972) for details. In comparison with the "Santa Cruz Mountain
area", the Montebello Ridge area has:
A) significantly fewer and smaller ancient, older, and modern,land—
slides along the San Andreas Fault Zone,
B) a larger area east of the San Andreas Fault Zone underlain by the
Monterey Formation and Santa Clara Formation,
• C•1 a more extensive area underlain .by the "Calera" limestone unit of
Y the Franciscan rocks.
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE
The great differences in complexity of geologic structure between the
Franciscan rocks and younger rock units on either side of the San Andreas
Fault Zone are the same as described in Rogers (1972).
A series of folds, oriented generally NW -SE subparalle1 to the San Andreas,
Fault Zone, lie within the younger rock units east of that zone. Along the
eastern margin of the study area, several of these folds form an en -echelon
pattern along the mountain front south of Permanente Road, generally coinci-
dent with a major fault zone.
Several faults offset these younger rock units, displacing them against each
other and/or the Franciscan rocks. Stream alluvium and the surface of the
older valley alluvium that overlie projections of these faults do not seem
to be offset. Thus, significant surface displacement apparently has not
occurred on these faults since deposition of at least the upper part of the
older alluvium. Deposits in Mountain View generally equivalent to the older
alluvium of this study area have been age dated as young as 20,500 years
(E.J. Helley, U.S.. Geological Survey, oral communication, 8/28/72).
f
*For references, see Environmental Geologic Analysis Santa Cruz Mountain
Study Area Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area County of Santa Clara,
California, February 1974.
—i— �
80,035.53
'81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
:; • GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
A major unconformity exists at the base of each of the younger rock units
east of the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Monterey Formation is unconformable .
on the Franciscan rocks, and the Santa Clara Formation is unconformable on
both the Monterey and Franciscan rocks.
SIGNIFICANCE OF LA1TD FORMS (GEOMORPHOLOGY.)
Land forms in the study area are controlled largely by bedrock type and amount
of vertical uplift during the rise of the Santa.Cruz Mountains in the last two
million years. The low rolling foothills and certain flat-topped ridges
within the high mountains are remnants of the adcient subdued "mature" topog-
raphy that existed prior to the vertical uplift.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Limestone, crushed rock, and sand and gravel are produced in the study area.
No other potentially valuable mineral resources were located.
The .Kaiser .Cement .and .Gypsum Co. operates .a .limes tone' quarry in a Franciscan
limestone deposit which is the largest such deposit in the California Coast
Ranges. Crushed rock is quarried at two locations in volcanic units of the
Franciscan rocks. Three abandoned sand and gravel quarries are located in the
Stevens Creel: member of the Santa Clara Formation. The extent of each of
these geologic units and the commercial deposits are shown on Plate 3.*
INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS
Geologic data most critical for land use planning are summarized and interpreted
on a Relative Geologic Stability Map (Plate 4)' This map was designed
specifically for use by the CSC Planning Department as. the geologic element
of a comprehensive land use study of the Montebello Ridge area.
RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY (SEISMIC CONDITIONS)
Data are provided (see Plate 3)*which show the relative probability of fault
displacement along all the faults of the study area. This map displays the
data needed to assess the surface fault rupture component of the total earth-
quake geologic hazard (which includes surface rupture, ground shaking, ground
failure, and tsunamis-seiches). See Rogers (1972). for the details of
determining other hazard component's.
• The earthquake history of the study area since 1900 was studied in terms of:
A) the variation in. shaking intensity per earthquake, and B) the numt)er of
felt earthquakes per year. These data show that on the average five damaging
-2-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
earthquakes per decade and three felt earthquakes per year have occurred
since comprehensive records were started in 1924. Another great earthquake
located along the San Andreas Fault Zone (similar to 1906 San Francisco earth-
quake) is anticipated anytime within the next several decades. . During the
1906 event, the study area was shaken violently. Many landslides occurred
along the San Andreas Fault Zone in Stevens Creek and Saratoga Creek.
Horizontal fault displacement of three feet nccurred along one trace of the
-SanAndreas Fault Zone.
The cluster of earthquakes near Stevens Creek Reservoir in the 1969-1970
period recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brown and Lee, 1971) may be
related to a major fault, NW -SE oriented, near the eastern edge of the study
area. The fault may be active at depth, even though there is no direct
evidence of surface displacement within the last 20,000 years (see GEOLOGIC
STRUCTURE, above). It is not known whether the activity will progress upward
to ground surface, even if it is related to that fault.
POTENTIAL FLOOD HAZARDS
Hazards from storm flooding were found to exist on only one watercourse
within the study area (Adobe Creek) . Due to .......-made alterations of its
natural stream channal, portions of Adobe Creek are incapable of containing
the 10 -year flood event. -
All other stream channels within the study area are judged to be capable of
containing a 200 -year flood event. A stream 'channel is defined for this
purpose as the area that includes all land adjacent to the stream less than
ten feet above the lowest point in the channel cross section.
Flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming
temporary dams and causing stream water to be pondcd. This type of flooding
is most probable in zones of lowest relative geologic stability, as shown on
the geologic stability map (Plate 4).*
In addition, flooding may occur downstream from a dam if the dam should fail
during an earthquake or for any other reason. Such a potential flood hazard
exists on land adjacent to the stream channel below Stevens Creek Reservoir,
in the event of the failure of Stevens Creek Dam.
RECOMMENDATIONS
GENERAL
The general policy recommendations in Rogers (1972) that pertain to land use,
hazardous areas and updating maps are equally pertinent to the Montebello
-3-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
-------------------------------------------------------------
Ridge area. These recommendations are equally pertinent to the Montebello
Ridge area. They are reiterated.
EARTHQUAKE -RELATED PROBLEMS
Earthquake -Induced Floorlinfi -- In all stream channels downstream from dams,
consider restricting development to non-residential use and requiring special
investigations of potential flood hazards for any permitted use.
Earthquake Hazard to Schools -- No schools in the Montebello Ridge area are
located in the San Andreas Fault 'Lone. The recommendation in Rogers (1972)
related to future facilities is repeated -- "due to the severe earthquake
hazard, no schools or other facilities of involuntary occupancy be allowed
within she San Andreas Fault Zone."
Earthquake -Induced Seiche -- The possibility of earthquake -induced seiche
waves on reservoirs should be studied.
Utilities - A Special. Problem -- Public utility facilities which cross the
San .Andreas Fault Zone.may.be .severed, .damaged, or rendered inoperative by
surface fault rupture or landslides during a major earthquake. These services
therefore may be interrupted, severely limited, or unavailable just when they
are vitally needed for post -earthquake recovery.
Recommendation -- Responsible officials in all public utilities
should be made aware of, or reacquainted with, these geologic
hazards, and encouraged to make contingency plans or provide
engineering solutions that will avoid or reduce the interruption
of their services by a major earthquake.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Much of the study area is underlain by rocks that ;.re potential sources of
sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much of the potential resource
use lies outside of the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource
value was not made for this limited study.
If residential development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these
potential mineral resources will be covered by homes without regard to the
concomitant loss of mineral resources.
Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources
• study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value
of available specific mineral resources. This study would of
necessity have to be integrated with County.and local policies
-4-
I(*
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.)
Excerpts From Environmental G^ologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
-----------------------------------------------------------
on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions
then could include these resource value data in balancing values
gained against values lost for any particular development. Envi-
ronmental impact studies also would have need for these data.
The desirability and feasibility of extracting these mate.rials
for export from the area might also be considered.
The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted jointly by the
U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
will supply much useful data in this regard.
FLOOD PROBLEMS
Flood Hazards along Adobe Creek -- Inundation of part of the flood plain
adjacent to Adobe Creek is a potential problem but does not present a threat
to life, and would result only in minimal property loss under present use
(recreational and agricultural). If the flood plain were to be developed
for residential use, minor property damage (but not loss of life) probably
would be incurred on an average of every 5 to 10 years.
Recommendation -- To minimize flood hazards the flood plain of
:idobe Creek should be reserved for low density, preferably non-
residential, land use, or not be developed at all.
Stevens Creek Dam - Earthquake Flood Hazard -- Little is known as to the
behavior of such structures during large magnitude seismic events. In
addition, there remains the possibility of a large flood wave (generated
by a major landslide into the reservoir) overtopping the dam and causing
flood conditions downstream.
Recommendation -- To minimize possible earthquake -triggered
flood hazards below Stevens Creek Dam, residential and "forced
occupancy" development should not be permitted on land adjacent
to the stream channel below the dam.
Flood Hazards - General -- For the .remainder of the study area, it is
recommended that development within stream channels (defined above in
Summary of Findings) be restricted to non-residential use; and that special
investigations of potential.flood hazards be required for any permitted use.
-5-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
i
Hill Area General Plan
• TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS
From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge
Mountain Study Area; by Thomas. H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Hard, locally sheared, interbedded limestone and chert in the Franciscan
rocks, must be excavated by blasting. (Cls)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Landslides or rock falls may occur in fractured rocks when fractures
become saturated with water.
ANTICIPATED RoSPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Least intense.
`O
Ground Failure -
(Probability of lm:dcli::ir.g inc.caaec %"'Oh increased ..iter
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Rock falls
may occur on steep slope's where rock outcrops may be shaken loose.
-1-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
•--------------------------------------=------------------
d`.0
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive, locally sheared volcanic rock and sandstone in the Franciscan
rocks. Massive hard conglomerate, interbedded with hard sandstone and
minor shale, Cretaceous age. (Kv, Kvf, Ks, Keg)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in D category. Landslides also possible where dip of interbedded
units and/or local shear planes are inclined downslope and less consolidated
units become saturated with water.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Same as D category.
r
• Cround Failure (Probability of landsliding increases wi.t}, increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur on steep slopes where bedding is inclined downslope and where
erosion of less consolidated units has undermined harder units. Rock falls
may occur as in D category.
-2-
I/
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
• TABLE OF KELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
`'v
Mc
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive, extensively sheared volcanic rock and sandstone, and complex
intrusive igneous rock: in the Franciscan ru&s. Hard interbedded chert
and shale, Miocene age. Massive, semi -consolidated siltstone, Miocene
age. (Kvs, Kvfs, Kss, Kdg, Mm, Mus, Mst)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in H Category. Landslides also possible where failure occurs
along water -saturated shear planes inclined downslope.
ANTICIPATED ESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Same as or slightly more intense than D category.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur 1) where bedding is inclined downslope as in H category and -2)
along shear planes inclining downslope.
-3-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Massive semi -consolidated sandstone and mudstone, interbedded siltstone,
Miocene age. Weathered intrusive -extrusive igneous rocks, Tertiary age.
Hard, massive. brittle shale and interbedded hard sandstone and shale,
Cretaceous age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to
S categories. (Mv, Eb, EPu, Hl, Ti, Ksh, Kssh, Kshs, Qoal, Qal)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in H category. Landslides slso possible where semi -consolidated
or weathered units become water -saturated.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking — Same as or slightly more intense than L category. Possible
severe shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal.
Ground Failure(Probability of l.andsliding increases with increased water
saturation, in slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur as in H category (as in 1906 earthquake when 6''boulders of. Mv(?)
rolled down into Stevens Creek Canyon), in loose weathered zones and in
poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe
lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress
Springs in 1906 earthquake).
-4-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
i
Hill Area General Plan
• TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
_S_
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Unconsolidated to semi -consolidated sand and gravel, locally clay rich,
interjedded with clay, Quaternary -Tertiary age. Unconsolidated alluvium,
Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (QTscsc, QTses, QTscu,.
Qoal, Qal)
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Landslides possible in these units when water saturation reduces stability
because of: A) large decrease in bearing strength of all units, B) chemical
and physical alteration of certain clay units, C) increase in internal
pressure (pore pressure) of clay -rich units because of poor drainage.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Sya1� - Slightly more intense than L category, possible severe
shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal.
Ground Failure (Probability of landslidAg increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides
may occur as in H category and in poorly consolidated units along steep
margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated
Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake).
110-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
-W-
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED:
Landslide deposits and colluvium, Quaternary age., Shear zone (melange) in
Franciscan rocks; weathered sheared serpentine, probable Mesozoic age.
Unconsolidated clay and sand, local gravel, Quaternary -Tertiary ege. (Qlp1,
Qlo, Q1A, sz, sp, QTscA) Shattered and sheared rocks along fault traces,
indicated on map by pattern.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL:
Same as in S category. Landslides more probable in these units due to
A) greater percentage of clay, B) lack .of coherent internal binding structure
in landslide deposits and colluvium, C) presence of abundant shear planes in
sz and sp units and in sheared rocks along fault traces.
ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES:
Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than S category.
Ground Failure (Probability of landsli.ding increases with increased water
saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Extensive
landslides probable as occurred in Stevens.Creek Canyon, along Saratoga Creek,
and near Pit. Eden Road during the 1906 earthquake.
U
he
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.)
MAN'S INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC STABILITY
The stability of all of these units is decreased by each of the following
common activities:
1) Grading (changing slopes).
2) Removing vegetation.
3) Concentrating water.
4) Construction of buildings, swimming pools, etc. (adding weight
to slopes).
These adverse effects may be somewhat controlled by procedures such as:
1) Planting vegetation on cut slopes.
2) Diverting water away from head of landslides.
3) Draining water from interior of landslides.
4) Designing construction according to soil and rock strength.
These effect's can be minimized in the first place by planned development
based on a detailed knowledge.of the soil and geologic conditions.
For more details see discussion in text under Relative Geologic Stability,
Non -Seismic Conditions (Influence of Man) and in Appendix B..
—7—
'. (00Tfilll COIIC'uE
LDS w
ALTOS
ti, • : p it "'' ..
�� r • T :It ]6T ,
`\r
P_ _^K; P` /,, •'- t .. eTp•: C';S ?f', r9flY.
-� 1 J r•'l, �` '. i. r, 1• '�yc=�:.s c_. vvw tcsv:•u\a-.:u-c-..vr^<-us
' ACC!=CI("` l
macumm
__ __ --- _____
L
i H i +/} a S
ori° �':• �. / �\ �, .; I ,'
RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY-MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY AR
PREPARED E3Y THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY
MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY
CITIES OF SARATOGA, CUPERTINO, PALO ALTO, TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS
COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA
F Hill Area General Plan
•
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT
^----
CHAPTER 1354
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
An act to amend Sections 660, 661, and 662 of, and to add Chapter 7.5
(commencing with Section 2621) to Division 2 of, the Public Resources Code,
relating to earthquake protection, and making an appropriation therefor.
(Approved by Governor December 22, 1972. Piled with
Secretary of State December 22, 1972.)
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 520, Alquist. Earthquake protection.
Increases the membership of the State Mining and Geology Board from 9 to 11
persons and -declares that persons with specified occupations should be selected
for membership on the board. Designates the board as a policy and appeals board
for the purposes of provisions re earthquake hazard zones.
• Requires the State Geologist to delineate, by December 31, 1973, special studies
zones encompassing certain areas of earthquake hazard: Requires State Geologist
to co•npile maps delineating the special. studies zones and to submit such maps
to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Requires
the State Geologist to continually review new geologic and seismic data and revise
special studies zones and submit such revisions to affected cities, counties, and
state agencies for review and comment. Appropriates $100,000 for such purposes.
Requires affected cities, counties, and state agencies to submit their comments
to 'board.
Requires cities and counties to exercise specified approval authority with
respect to real estate developments or structures for human occupancy within
such delineated zones. Requires applicants for a building permit within such
zone to be charged a fee according to a fee schedule established by the board.
'Limits maximum amount of such fee. Provides for retention of '- of the proceeds
of any such fee by the city or county having jurisdiction and transfer of � to
the state.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 660 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
660. There is in the department a State Mining.and Geology Board, con-
sisting of 11 members appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by
• the Senate, for terms of four years and until their successors are appointed
and qualified. The State Mining and Geology Board shall also serve as a policy
and appeals board for the purposes of Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621)
of Division 2.
-1-
80,035.53
.81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.)
SEC. 2. Section 661 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
661. Members of the board shall be selected from citizens of this state
associated with or having broad knowledge of the mineral industries of this
state, of its geologic resources, or.of related technical and scientific fields,
to the end that the functions of the board as specified in Section 667 are con-
ducted in the best interests of the state. Among the 11 members, two should
be mining geologists, mining engineers, or mineral economists, one should be a
structural engineer, one should be a geophysicist, one should be an urban or
regional planner, one should be a soils engir.,eer, t-wo_should be geologists,
one should be a representative of county government, and at least two shall
be members of the public having an interest in and knowledge of the environ-
ment. ,
SEC. 3. Section 662 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
662. The terms of the members of the board in office when this article
takes effect in 1965 shall expire as follows: one member January 15, 1966;
two members January 15, 1967; and two members January 15, 1968. The terms
shall expire in the same relative order as to each member as the term for which
he holds office before this article takes effect. The terms of the two additional
members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of this section at the 1968
Regular Session of: the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1.969. The terms
of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section
660 at the 1970 Regular Session of she Legislature shall commence on January 1.5,
1971, but the term of one of such additional members, who.shall be designated by
the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 1974. The terms of the two additional
members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1972
Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1973, but the
term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by the Governor,
shall expire on January 15, 1976.
SEC. 4: Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) is added to Division 2 of
the Public Resources Code, to read:
CHAPTER 7.5.. HAZARD ZONES
2621. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Alquist-Priolo
Geologic Hazard Zones Act.
2621.5. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide for the adoption and
administration of zoning laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations by cities
and counties, as well as to implement such general plan as may be in effect in
any city or county. The Legislature declares that the provisions of this
chapter are intended to provide policies and criteria to assist cities, counties,
and state agencies in the exercise of their responsibility to provide for the
public safety in hazardous fault zones.
-2-
14
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hili Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.)
2622. In order to assist cities and counties in their planning, zoning, and
building -regulation functions, the State Geologist shall delineate, by December
31, 1973, appropriately wide special studies zones •to encompass all potentially
and recently active traces of the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, and San
Jacinto Faults, and such other faults, or segments thereof, as he deems suffi-
ciently active and well-defined as to constitute a potential hazard to structures
from surface faulting or fault creep. Such special studies zones shall ordinarily
be one-quarter mile or less in width, except in circumstances which may require
'the State Geologist to designate a wider zone.
Pursuant to this section, the State Geologist shall compile maps delineating
the special studies zones and shall submit such maps to all affected cities,
counties, and state agencies, not later than December 31, 1973, for review and'
comment. Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit all such comments
to the State Mining and Geology Board for reviec, and consideration within 90
days, within 90 days of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies
of the orficial maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county
having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone.
The State Ge9l.ogist shall continually review new geologic and seismic data
and shall revise the special studies zones or delineate additional special
studies .zones when warranted by new information. The State Geologist shall
submit all such revisions to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies
for their review and cummenc.Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shah submit
all such comments to the State Mining and Geology Board for review and con-
sideration within 30 days. Within 30 days.of such review, the State Geologist
shall provide copies of the revised official maps to concerned state agencies
and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such
zone.
2623. within the special studies zones delineated pursuant to Section 2622,
the site of every proposed new real estate development or structure for human
occupancy shall be approved by the city or county having jurisdiction over such
lands in accordance with policies and criteria established by the State Mining
and Geology Board and the findings of the State Geologist. Such policies and
criteria shall be established by the State Mining and Geology Board not later
than December 31, 1973. In the development of such policies and criteria, the
State Mining and Geology Board shall seek the comment and advice of affected
cities, counties, and state agencies. .Cities and counties shall not approve
the location of such a development or structure within a delineated special
studies zone if an undue hazard would be created, and approval may be withheld
pending geologic and engineering studies to more adequately define the zone of
• hazard. If the city or county finds that no undue hazard exists, geologic and
engineering studies may be waived, with approval of the State Geologist, and
the location of the proposed development or structure may be approved.
-3-
80,035.53
81,003.22
AL/tm April 2, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT
- ----
2624.. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prevent cities and counties
from establishing policj.es and criteria which are stricter than those established
by the State Mining and Geology Board, nor from imposing and collecting fees in
addition to those required under this chapter.
2625. Each applicant for a building permit within a delineated special
studies zone shall be charged a reasonable fee according to a fee schedule
established by the State Mining and Geology Board. Such fees shall be set
in an amount sufficient to meet-, but not to exceed, the costs to state and
local government of administering and compl.yirg with the provisions of this
chapter. Such fee shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the total valuation
of the proposed building construction for which the building permit is issued,
as determined by the local building official. One-half of the proceeds of such
fees shall be retained by the city or county having jurisdiction over the pro-
posed development or structure for the purpose of implementing this chapter,
and the remaining one-half of the proceeds shall be deposited in the General
Fund.
SEC. 5. There is hereby appropriated from the General Fund in the State
Treasury to the Department of Conservation the sum on one hundred thousand
dollars ($100,000) for the purposes of Section 2622 of the Public Resources
Code.
-4-
.0
Hill Area General Plan
14. FLOOD AND FIRE HAZARD
•
1- •
•
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22
FLOOD HAZARD 81,085
------------------------------------------------------------------
In the context of evaluating flood hazard, the Cil�y of Cupertino
has determined that protection from the 100 -year flood frequency
represents an acceptable level of risk. (Actually, a 1% risk each
year of flooding on indicated area.) The 100 -year flood frequency
criteria is commonly utilized by various public and private agen-
cies such as the Federal Flood Insurance Administrator, the Corp
of Engineers, and the Santa Clara Valley Water District.
California Division of Mines and Geology and the Santa Clara Valley
Water District have conducted limited studies to ascertain flood
risk within the foothill study area. Thomas H. Rogers avid Charles
F. Armstrong of the Division of Mines and Geology conducted hydro-
logic work in connection with the Montebello Ridge Mountain Study.
Rogers and Armstrong concluded that all stream channels within the
hill study area are judged to be capable of containing a 200 -year
flood event.l In the context of their.study, a stream channel was
defined as the area that includes all land adjacent to a stream
less than 10 ft. above the lowest point of the channel cross-
section. Rogers and Armstrong further concluded that flooding may
occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming tem-
porary dams. and causing stream water to be ponded. Additionally,
flooding may occur downstream from Stevens Creek Reservoir should
this dam instantaneously fail during an earthquake or for any other
such reason.
The Santa 'Clara Valley Water District conducted an extensive channel
study on Stevens Creek, from Central Avenue in Mountain View
to the face of Stevens Creek Reservoir. The District also conduc-
ted preliminary work in connection with a dam safety study for
Stevens Creek Reservoir. The Water District's findings relative to
potential flood risk on Stevens.Creek is generally consistent with
that of Rogers and Armstrong for the reach of Stevens Creek between
the dam and Deep Cliff Golf Course. This particular reach of. the
Creek is characterized by a pronounced ravine, as opposed to the
flat flood plain characteristic of Stevens Creek beginning at
the southern boundary of the Deep Cliff Golf Course. The Water -
District's study indicates that the 100 -year flood frequency event
will have a water surface elevation ranging between 10 t0 14 ft.
above the'present boZtom elevation of the channel. No figures
are given for a 200 -year event; that is, a 0.5% risk.2 Although
there is a 4 ft., difference between the water surface elevation
given by Rogers and Armstrong (10 ft..) and the water surface ele-
vation provided by the District (10 to 14 ft.), the water surface
elevation will not have a drastic"effect on the geographical
area flooded because of the steep topography of the ravine. Fur-
ther, it is difficult to compare the two studies because of the
lack of information, primarily in terms of the stream flow calcu-
lations.
-1-
July 1, 1975
Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22
FLOOD HAZARD (cont'd.) 81,085
-----------------------------------------------------------------
• In response to State legislation, the District staff prepared an
Inundation Boundary Map, .:ascribing the areas of potential flood-
ing that would result from instantaneous failure of Stevens Creek
dam. The District qualified the boundary by stating: "It is rec-
ognized that from an engineering standpoint, inundation mapping
depends upon empirical analysis. Precise calculations, to include
determination of depths and velocities,are beyond the current state
of the art. Therefore, conservative assumptions were made, within
the limits of good engineering judgment, as to the extent and
rapidity if failure, and as to the probable routes the flow would
follow".
0
Again, because of the steep topography on either side of the stream
bed between the face of'tbe dam and the Deep Cliff. Golf Course, the
Inundation 1 -lap for the instantaneous failure of the dam could not
differ greatly from the flood limit line from ::he 100 -year event.
The Water District has not conducted detailed studies for other
streams within the Cupertino's sphere of influence. however, the
District indicates that there may be slight flooding along the
reach of Permanente Creek between the Kaiser-Permanente Plan site
and Freeway 280- Neither the degree of flooding nor the flood limit
line is precisely known. The District additionally indicated by
letter that a few .properties located northerly of Stevens Creek
Reservoir may be exposed to flooding.
Land use intensity would have little impact o:: the degree of flood-
ing ri3k from a general point of view because, during the 100 -year
storm event, it is assumed that the ground is fully saturated and,
therefore, a run-off coefficient for open space areas would not
differ too greatly from that which is paved over or roofed. There-
fore, the major consideration when evaluating density alternatives
of the foothills as it relatesto flood risk is to ensure that the
development is,kept a safe distance from stream beds, particularly
Stevens Creek below Stevens Creek Reservoir. Development plans
involving land in close proximity to a stream bed should be evalu-
ated by a hydrologist on a case-by-case basis to determine possible
flood risk.
Attachment:
Map of potential flood risk for 100 -year event, and for
inundation in the event of dam failure.
References:
1. Environmental Geologic Analysis of. the Northern Santa Cruz
• Mountain Range in Santa Clara County, California Division of
Mines and Geology. February 1974.
2. Planning Study f.or Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Valley Water
District, August 1974. Maps 15-17. .
-2-
1J
BC/jk 81,003.22
Hill Area General Plan 80,026
FIRE HAZARD July 2, 1975
---------------------------------------------------------------
Fire risk must be evaluated in terms of potential risk to human
life and property and to the natural environment. There is a
conflict between urban development and the resultant necessity
for fire suppression, and the role of fire to maintain a natural
ecological system for specific plant and animal communities.
The introduction of additional dwellings within the foothills
will increase the risk to existing and future residences, and will
preclude either natural or controlled burning to minimize the
danger of hot fires which completely destroy surface and sub—
surface vegetation.
Residential development in the foothills will ;.ncrease the need
for fire exclusion. The Patri, Streatfield and Ingmire report,
entitled "The Santa Cruz Mountains Regional Pilot Study, Early
Warning System" emphasizes that fires were once a regular. part
of.the ecology of the Santa Cruz Mountain region.
"These fires were frequent and light in character and,
hence, little damage was done to the plants of the for-
est. In many cases, the plants were so precisely adapted
to regular burning that the occurrence of a burn trig-
gered off flowering or the germination of certain.species.
In this way, fire played an important role in successional
• processes and health of the community. The widespread
exclusion of fire from the forest and from the chaparral
areas has led to an immense buildup of their fuel. Once
leaves and old limbs fall to the .ground and dry out,
their presence represents a very severe fire hazard. In
other areas, the lack of regular burning has led to the
growth of a very lush undergrowth of herbs, shrubs, and
herbaceous plants. The total effect of this suppression
has been the creation of conditions which will make it al-
most certain that any future fire will be a holocaust.
The forest fire will not be the surface fire of former
days but a potentially devastating ground fire."
The attached map, labeled "Fire Risk", is an adaptation of a map
prepared by the County Planning Department for inclusion into
the County's General Plan Safety Element. The numbered ,sub -areas
on the map reflect categories of hazard: moderate hazard, high
hazard, and extreme hazard. The hazard areas are weighted,
,based upon the factor of fuel loading (combustible material),
critical fire weather, and slope'steepness. As indicated by
the map, the area,within the urban fringe is considered a mod-
erate hazard, while the balance of the properties within the
sphere of influence are considered either high or extreme hazard.
.The County, study Public Safety Element does not contain specific
• recommendations relative to the relationship of fire hazard to
density.
—1—
•
BC/jk 81,003.22
Hill Area General Plan 80,026
FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975
---------------------------------------------------------------
From the City of Cupertino's point of view, the entire sphere of
influence is considered hazardous. All land areas within the
foothills have been placed within a fire hazard area defined'by
the City's adopted Uniform Fire Code. In the context of the hill-
side phase of the Land Use Amendment to the General Plan, it must
be assumed that all areas within the hillsides should continue to
be considered as a hazardous fire area which requires certain fire
protection measures if urban development is to take place. A more
sensitive study and recommendation will be forthcoming in connec-
tion with the review of a General Plan Public Safety Element.
In terms of the interaction of.each General Plan Alternative to
the fire risk factor, it can be assumed that the greater the land
use density, the greater the fire risk, which results in increased
fire suppression which, in turn, affects the natural eco -system
of the hillsides areas. If a pian alternative is chosen which
proposes residential development within the hillsides, the follow-
ing fire protection requirements contained within the Uniform Fire
Code will be required:
1. An effective fire break shall be placed around each
residential structure for a distance of not less than
• 30 ft. on each side. The fire break must exclude all
flammable vegetation and other combustible growth.
The fire break requirement shall not apply to single
specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery, or similar
plants used as ground covet, provided that they do not
form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the
native growth to any structure.
2.. The Fire Protection Agency may further require that
the fire break be expanded by removing all brush,
flammable vegetation or combustible growth located
from, 30 to 100 ft. from any such building, when the
Fire Protection Agency finds that because of extra
hazardous conditions, a fire break of only 30 ft.
around such structure is not sufficient to provide
reasonable fire safety...
3. The.City's Uniform Fire Code requires non-combustible
exterior materials, including roof materials.
The steps necessary to protect dwellings from fire have a direct
impact on vegetation removal, particularly in areas where the
Fire Protection Agency feels that there is a higher or extreme
fire hazard risk. The definition of an "extra hazardous" area
• would have to be made on a case-by-case basis by a fire protection
individual, and does not directly relate to the term "extreme
hazard" on the attached map prepared in conjunction with the
County Public Safety Element.
-2-
BC/jk 81,003.22
Hill Area General Plan 80,026
FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975
--------------------------------------------------------------
•
In order to provide accessibility for fire fighting equipment,
the following road standards would have to be maintained for
both private and public rights-of-way:
1. Private driveways should not serve more than two
dwelling units. Cul-de-sac public streets should
not serve more than 20 units if they are the only
access; they may serve 100 units if complemented
by a secondary access through a fire trail. More
than 100 units should be served by a loop street,
providing access from two separate directions.
2. The above rules for access should be applied through
all stages of development. If necessary, secondary
access through a fire trail or a loop street should
be provided through undeveloped property through
agreement or eminent domain. Fire trails may be
closed off by fences and gates which can be opened
or run down by fire vehicles.
3. The 1'ength of private driveways or cul-de-sac public
streets should not exceed 1000 ft., except where
• there is a water supply accessible for fire protec-
tion near the building site.
•
4. Private driveways should be paved to a width of 12 ft,
if they serve one dwelling unit, 18 ft. if they serve
two units; except that an oil screen is sufficient
where the grade does not exceed 15%. The paved width
of a public street would depend on projected traffic,
but should not be less than 20 ft.
5. The grade of private driveways should not exceed
20%; and should not exceed an average of 15% on any
300 ft. long section. Public streets should have the
same minimum standard.
-3-
Hill Area General Plan
15, SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
i •
AL/tm
May
Hill Area General Plan
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
----------------------
Slope-Density Formulas
81,003.22
80,022.1
12, 1975
The Planning Commission of the City of Cupertino has tentatively, for the
purpose of study only, adopted two slope -density formulas (out of a large
number investigated): "Foothill Residential (5-65)" for development within
the Urban Service Area, and "Rural Residential" for development outside the
Urban Service Area. A third formula, "Very Low Density Rural Residential",
has been developed in order to study the."Very Low Density" alternative.
The Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County has on December 12, 1973
adopted three slope -density formulas: (1) Public water supply and sani:ary
sewers available; (2) Public water supply available; sanitary sewers not
available; (3) Public water supply and sanitary sewers not available.
Graphs of these formulas (except the "Very Low") and tables for all of them
are attached. It is noted that a landowner or developer or even the City
staff does not have to interpret the graphs; the tables are more exact and
should be used.
The attached pages "Definition of Steepness", "Conversion Between Measurements
of Slope" and "Geometry of Slope -Density Formulas" explains various mathematical
aspects to those interested.
. The "Foothill Residential" formulan rnncistc of a fairy, com-plicated inathemati_r.Al,
equation in order to be applicable both to generally flat areas and to very
steep hillsides, a stated goal of the Planning Commission. IL is horizontal
from 0% to 5% slope, then curves sharply and descends steeply, reverses its
curvature and gradually approaches they -axis at 65% slope (though it almost
reaches zero at 60% slope). The formula is:
d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos [3(s-5) ] + 3.4{0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)]} 8
0.5 causes the.curve to be horizontal at.d=0;
C ❑ 1, n ❑ it 11 11 s=5;
3 it . 11 it it 11 it s=65;
3.4 '� ii it It d=4.4;
8 it " " approach the first component, that is
the sine curve d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-',)]; the difference
is 0.1 DU/ac. at s=29.5% and 0.01 DU/ac. at s=35.5%.
The "Rural Residential" and "Very Low Rural Residential" formulas are simple
sine curves:
d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s)
d = 0.025 + 0.025 cos(2.7s)
Map Material
• Maps on which measurements are made should not be in smaller scale than
1 i 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) and contour interval should be not more than
-1-
AL/tm 81,003.22
80,022.1
May 12, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
. APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.)
----------------------------------------------------------------
10 feet. Enlargement of smaller scale maps (e.g. U.S.G.S. 1 t 24,000 maps)
should not be permitted. However, an exception could be made in the case of
subdivision into lots of 20 acres or more outside the Urban Service Area. -
If the "map wheel" measuring method is used, maps should not be in a scale
smaller than 1 t 600 (1 inch to 50 feet), in this case photographic enlarge-
ment from 1 t 2400 scale would be permitted.
The City has contour maps in scale 1 t 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) available
which cover most of the Urban Service Area within the hill study area.
However, these maps do not have property lines, and an attempt to construct
property lines on the contour maps from the County Ass^.ssor's maps have
disclosed large discrepancies. Survey of property lines on the ground'is
prohibitively expensive, except perhaps for a very few check points. A
land owner or developer can for that reason not be depended on to provide
correct maps, and checking by the City staff would in any case be very
time consuming.
There may be a possibility to extend the County coordinate system, which is
marked on newer subdivision maps,into the hill area. It is suggested that
the City make an attempt on a trial basis and then proceed if at all possible,
though' this is a major undertaking. It seems that correct maps are essential
for application of slope -density formulas.
Standard Grid System for Measuring
The possibility of "gerrymandering" is built into every slope -density formula
applied to a terrain with varying steepness and represented by a graph with
a broken line or a sharp curvature, such as the "Foothill Residential (5-65)"
formula. A property owner can gain or loose a substantial number of dwelling
units by splitting the property before the actual subdivision, or by con-
solidating two or more parcels. (This is exemplified in the attached page
"Gain or Loss in Number of Dwelling Units Determined by Slope -Density Formulas".)
In itself it. is not objectionable that an increase in density results from
measuring methods that adjust to the terrain. Specifically, an owner of a
large property should not be put in a less advantageous situation than owners
of a similar property which has already been divided into smaller but still
divisible parcels.
However, measurement procedures should be regulated to avoid arbitrary "gerry-
mandering". For that reason, measurement of standardized grid squares with a
side of 200 feet or 100 feet has been suggested. The grid lines should be
oriented north -south and east -west and coincide with 200 feet (or 100 feet)
multiples of County coordinates.
Average slope would be measured for each grid square and the "dwelling unit
credit" determined. The "credit" would then be added for the entire property.
• Calculations should be carried out with areas in 3 decimals of acres or in units
of 10 sq. ft., to avoid discrepancies caused by rounding. The total number of
-2-
AL/tm 81,003.22
80,022.1
May 12, 1975
dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards
(for the same reason that a 1490 square foot lot does not qualify in. an
R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according
to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property,
subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations.
Measuring Methods
If a "man wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There
would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property.
Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form
areas not larger than approximately 1� acres and not smaller than approximately
acre; this simplifies measuring.
Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or
better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bti). When the
length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following fo mulas
apply:
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (sq. ft.)
or
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (acres).x 43,560
With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares
only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual
programming seems ,to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally
measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations,
the grid squares should be 100.' x 100'.
The slope for each entire square will be printed by the computer and then
multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the
actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary.
These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the
property.
These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates
areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for
two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's
tables which apply 1% or even 'z% categories), and the area is approximated to
a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller
squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase
computer cost.
Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except
standard computer operations) so that the City staff can check them.
-3-
Hill Area General Plan
.
APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY
-----------------------------------------------
FORMULAS (cont'd.)
dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards
(for the same reason that a 1490 square foot lot does not qualify in. an
R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according
to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property,
subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations.
Measuring Methods
If a "man wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There
would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property.
Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form
areas not larger than approximately 1� acres and not smaller than approximately
acre; this simplifies measuring.
Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or
better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bti). When the
length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following fo mulas
apply:
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (sq. ft.)
or
Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100
Area (acres).x 43,560
With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares
only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual
programming seems ,to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally
measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations,
the grid squares should be 100.' x 100'.
The slope for each entire square will be printed by the computer and then
multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the
actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary.
These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the
property.
These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates
areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for
two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's
tables which apply 1% or even 'z% categories), and the area is approximated to
a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller
squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase
computer cost.
Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except
standard computer operations) so that the City staff can check them.
-3-
5.0
4.5
4.4
m
1.5
ao
10 20 30 40 5u
PERCENT SLOPE
LOPE :D6NSLTYFORMULAS
I
ij
-
}
T
PUiiP05ES.
- 2
-. - -- __ 0.
_
AOOPJED
-OR 5T.QV
II
--
-+
0.2
T
._^
- -
. AVmc
5Feh_75 -02
_
„ I
—
B 0' 22
0
.
Tt_
-0.2
'
- -EOOTl-111
I BEST➢E1VT
Al—�_
-
•--r--8
--=d
3-- a3405'+05cos13(S-5)7�
w
I
n—
W
y
_
7.
i
w
{
i-*-I
I -L-"'I1.OZ
-+-- t ---�
j
:.y , T%
rte.
j �j
11
175
f --- a O.:
i
0.:
L
OE
--
--
I
_
O. i
-0.,
r_
T
; O.Z
-o
I.0
-
-
2.
1
2.
}2URAL E7�SIUENTIAt'
d .�L+.Q�cos:(s.x
270jG
Ij
' 3.
--
10 20 30 40 5u
PERCENT SLOPE
I( •
I " 0
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 30, 1973
Rev. Feb. 10, 1975
SLOPE -DENSITY FORMU;A; Urban Services Not Available
RURAL. RESIDENTIAL.
0 - 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x 2.7°)
------------------•------------....---------------------------------------
Slope Density Gr.acres Average Slope Density Gr.acres Averagr!
X D.U.per per D.U. lot area 2 D.U.per per D.U. lot area
gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq..t.
a d 1/d 43,560/d s d 1/d 43,560/d
0
0.200
5.000
217,800
35
0.097.
10.85
473,000
1
0.200
5.003
218,000
36
0.087
11.43
498,000
2
0.200
5.011
21x,000
37
0.083
12.08
526,000
3
0.199
5.025
219,000
38
0.078
12.79
557,000
4
0.198
5.045
220,000
39
0.074
.13.58
592,000
5
0.197
5.070
221,000
40
0.069
14.47
630,00-0
6
0.196
5.101
222,000
4J,
0.065
15.47
674,000
7
0.195
5.139
224,000
42
0.060
16.59
723,000
8
0.193
5.182
226,000
43
0.056
17.86
778,000
9
0.191
5.232
228,000
44
0.052
19.30
841,000
10
0.189
5.288
230,000
45
0.048
20.94
912,000
11
0.187
5.352
233,000
46
0.044
22.84
995,000
12
0.184
5.422
236,000
47
0.040
25.03
1,090,000
13
0.182
5.500
240,000
48
0.036
27.58
1,200,000
14
0.179
5.586
243,000
49
0.033
30.58
1,330,000
15
0.176
5.681
247,000
50
0.029
34.14
1,490,000
i6
0.173
5.784
252.000
51
0.026
33.41
1,670.00^
17
0.170
5.897
257,000
52
0.023
43.58
1,900,000
18
0.166
6.019
262,000
53
0.020
49.92
2, 180,GO0
19
O.1G3
'6.153
268,000
54
0.017
57.83
2,520,000
20
0.159
6.298
274,000
55
0.015
67.86
2,960,000
21
0.155
6.456
281,000
56
0.012
80.85
3,520,000
22
0.151
6.627
289,000
57
0.010
98.07
4,270,000
23
0.147
6.812
297,000
58
0.008
121.6
5,300,000
24
0.143
7.014
306,000
59
0.006
154.9
6,750,000
25
0.138
7.232
33.5 000
60
0.005
204.3
8,900,000
26
0.134
7.470
325,000
61
0.004
282.1
12,290,000
27
0.129
7.728
337,000
62
0.003
415.2
18,090,000
28
0.125
8.008
349,000
63
0.002
671.6
29,250,000
29
0.120
8.314
362,000
64
0.001'
1268.
55,240,000
30
0.116
8.647
377,000
>64
0
-
-
31
0.111
9.011
393,000
32
0.106
9.409
410,000
33
0.102
9.845
429,000
34
0.097
10.32
450,000
I
AL/jk 80 022.1
Feb.
10, 1975
SLOPE
-DENSITY
FORMULA:
Urban Services Not
Available
VERY
LOW DENSITY
RURAL
RESIDENTIAL
0.07.5
+ 0.025
cos (s x
2.7°)
------------------------------------------------------
Slope
Density
Gr.acres AverageSlope
Density
--------------------
Gr.acres
Avera•;c
2
D.U.per
per. D.U.
lot area
;L
D.U.per
per D.U.
lot area
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
gr.acre
gr.sq.ft.
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
s
d
1/d
43,560/d
0
0.050
20.00
871.,200
35
0.023
43.41
1,890,000
1
0.050
20.01
872,000
36
0.022
45.73
1,990,000
.
2
0.050
20.04
873,000
37
0.021
48.31
2,100,000
3
0.050
20.10
876,000
38
0.020
51.16
2,230,000
/i
0.050
20.18
879,000
39
0.018
54.34
2,370,000
5
0.049
20.28
883,000
40
0.017
57.89
2,520,000
6
0.049
20.41
889,000
41
0.016
61.87
2,700,000
7
0.049
20.55
895,000
42
0.015
66.35
2,890,000
8
0.048
20.7'3
903,000
43
0.014
71.42
3,110,000_
9
0.048
20.93
97.2,000
44
0.013
77.18
3,360,000
10.
0.047
21.15
921,000
45
0.012
83.77
3,650,000
11
0.047
21.41
932,000
46
0.011
91.34
3,980,000
12
0.046
21.69
945,000
47
0.010
100.2
4,360,000
13
0.045
22.00
958,000
48
0.009
110.3
4,810,000
•
14
0.045
22.34
973,000
49
0.008
122.3
5,330;000
/-0
15
0.044
22.72
990,000
50
0.007
136.6
5,950,000
16
0.043
23.14
1, 01,0,000;
51
U.007
153.6
6,690,000
11
0.042
23.59
1,030,000
52
0.006
174.3
7,590,000
18
0.042
24.08
1,050,000
53
0.005
199.7
8,700,000
19
0.041
24.61
1,070,000
54
0.0.04
231.3
10,100,000
20
0.040
25.19
1,100 000
55
0.004
271.4
11,800,000
.
21
0.039
25.82
1,120,000
56
0.003
323.4
1.4,100,000
22
0.038
26.51
1,150,000
57
0.003
392.3
17,100,000
23
0.037
27.25
1,190,000
58 -
0.002
486.3
21,200,000
24
0.036
28.05
1,2.20,000
59
0.002
619.6
27,000,000
.
25
0.035
28.93
1,260,000
60
0.001
817.2
35,600,000
-
26
0.033
29.88
1,300,000
61
0.001
1129.
49,200,000
27
0.032
30.91
1,350,000
>62
0.001
1661.
72,300,000
28
0.031
32.03
1,400,000
29
0.030
33.26
1,450,000
30
0.029
34.59
1,510,000
31
0.028
36.04
1,570,000
32
0.027
37.64
1,640,000
33
0.025
39.38
1,720,000
34
0.024
41.30
1,800,000
L
I•
C), O _ N M V N tD r W m O 0 O N O I() p O O
0
I I I 1 I I 11
$3iJOq V3Z 10l 3OV83AV
Y I ,
I
�r I
m
Tn to o r I r ril � .I Y-
'+
1 l j-+ w ii
m-1
7- l- la n o II s :. _I �.,..I { I -o -o o -n •�i
-L -!- a= (1''u M II S I • I ri , r � �. 1 r - I L i-` t
J I T Y T
LL
o O
1• I
4�
tt
1
f
r 1
y � +.-•-'-.-}� . t - r ` 111 , _�-i i 1t ,.' rm v'` ;:. a' -a ;J
O o —, N
71-
�o E i.
I
lz
Eri
o _ m m Lb* M
d ci 0 0 o 0 o d a
W
a
N
W
U
LU
0-
•
c 80, 22.1.
April'15, 1974
SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOYL•'-DENSITY FORMULA (1)
Public water supply and sanitary sewers available.
(Alin. lot area 1. -ross acre)
d = 1.2 - 0.2s; from.s = 10.to's 50
Slone Density
Average
Slope Density
Average
D.U.per
lct area
% D.U.per
lot area
gross acre
sq.ft.
gross acre
sq.ft.
S d
43,560/d
s d
43,560/d
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.980
0.960
0.;40
0.920
0.900
0.880
0.860
0.840
0.820
0.800
0.780
0.760
0.740
0.720
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
43,560
44,450
45,380,
46,340
47,350
48,400
49,500
50,650
51,860
53,120
54,450
55,850
57,32.0
58,860
60,500
1
25
26
.27
2.8
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
ZD
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
•48
49
50
over 50
0.700
0.680
0.660
0.640
0.620
0.600
0.580
0.560
0.540
0.520
0.500
0.480
0.460
0.1160
0.420
0.400
0.380
0.360
0.340
0.320
0.300
0.280
0.260
0.240
0.220
0.200
0.200
62,230
64,060
66,000
68,060
70,260
72,600
75,100.
77,790
80,670
83,770
87,120
90,750
94 700
on nno
103,700
108,900
).14 , 600
121. 000
125,100
136,100
145,200
155,600 .
167,500
181,500
198,000
217,800
217,800
T.1
AL/jk
80,022.1
April
15, 1974
SANTA
CLARA COUNTY
SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA
(2)
not available,
Public
water supply
available, sanitary
sewers
(Min,
lot area 1.75
gross acres)
= 50
•d
- - 0:6809
- 0.010952s;
fron s = 10 to s
-----------
----
Slope
Density
Average
Slat,
Density'
Avcrage
7
D.U.per
lot area
D.U.per
lot area
gross acre
sq.ft.
gross acre
sq.ft..
d
43,560/d
d
43,560/d
s
s
2�
0.407
107,000
0
0.571
76,230
2r,
0.396
110,000
1
0.511
76,230
27
0.385
113,100
.2
0.571
76,230
28
0.374
116,4'00
3
0.571
76,230
29
0.363
119,900
4
0.571
76,230
i,
5
0.571
76,230
30
0.352
0.341
123,600
127,600
6
0.571
76,230
31
32
0.330
1.31,800
7
0.571
7b,23U
33
0.319
136,300 p
t!
8
0.571
76,230
34
0.309
141,200
9
0.571
76,230
35
0.298
1.46,400 i
10
0.571
76,230
36
0.287
152,000
11
0.560
77,730
37
0,276
1.58,000
12
0.549
7°,280
38
0.265
164,500
•
13
0.539
80;89039
0.254
171,700 i
14
0.528
82,570
40
0.243
179,1,00
15
0517
.
84 , 320
41
0.232
187,900
16
0.506
86, 14 0
42
0.221
197,200
17
0,495
88,00550
43
0.210
207,5500
18
0.4
90,040
44
0.199
218,900
19
0.47733
92,130
20
0.462
94,310
45
0.188
0.177
231,600
246,000
21
0.451
96,61.0
46
47_
0.166
262,200
22
0.440
99,010
48
0.155
280,700 -
23
0,429
101,500
49
0.144
302,000
24
0.418
104,200
50
0.133
326,670
..over 50
0.133
326,670
•
T.2
;.�
SANTA CLAP,A COUNTY SLOPE•-DL''NS11•Y
Public water supply and sanitary
(Min. lot area 2.5 gross acres)
d = 0.475 - 0.0075s; from s = 10
----------------------------------
Slope Density Average
D.U.per lot area
gross acre sq.ft.
s d 43,560/d
AL/jk
April
rORNULA (3)
sewers not available.
to s = 50
---------------------------------
Slope Density
% D.U.per
gross acre
s d
80,022.1
15, 1974
Average
lot area
sq.ft.
43,560/d
0
0.4000
7.08,900
25
0.2875
151,500
1
0.4000
7.08,900
26
0.2800
155,600
2
0.4000
7.08,900
27
0.2725
159,900
3
0.4000
108,900
28
0.2650
164,400
4
0.4000
108,900
29
0.2575
169,20`]
5
0.4000
108,900
30
0.2500
174,200
6
0.4000
7.08,900
31
0.2425
179,600
7
0.4000
108,900
32
0.2350
7.85,400
8
0.4000
108,900
33
0.2275
191,500
9
0.4000
108,900
34
0,2200
198,000,
10
0.4000
108,900
35
0.217.5
205 000
11
0.3925
117.,000
36
0.2050
1.12,500
12
0.3850
113,.100
37
0.1975
220,600
13
0.3775
115,400
38
0.1900
229,300
. •
17;
Q..3700
7.17;700
39
0.1825
238.700
15
0.3625
120,200
40
C.1750
246,900
16
0.3550
122,700
41
0.1675
260,100
17
0.3475
125,400
42
0.1600
2.72,300
18
0.3400
128,100
43
0.1525
285,600
19
0.3325
131,000
44
0.1450
300,400
20
0.32.50
134,000
45
0.1375
37.6,800
21
0.3175
137,200
46
0.1300
335 J-00
22
0.3100
140,500
47
0.1225
355,600
23
0.3025
144,000
48
0.1150
378,800
24
0.2950
147,700
49.
0.1075
405 200
50
0.1000
435,600
over 50
0.1000
435,600
T.3
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
DEFINITIONS OF STEEPNESS
----------------- =-------------------------------------------
Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways, as the
relation between the sides of a triangle representing a verti-
cal section of a hill, or as the angle between the terrain and
the horizontal plane.
The letters s, v and h in the attached table indicate a distance
on the ground and its vertical and horizontal. projections; the
letter a represents the angle 1•etween the slcpi_ng and the hori-
zontal sides of a triangle.
Unfortunately, the definitions of the terms ".slope", "grade",
"gradient" and "batter", and of the expression "the slope is
one to " are not well known or uniformly applied, which
causes much confusion. It would be desirable if only the one
called "slope" were used (as a ratio or a percentage); the others
require conversion to and from map measurements.
Angles may be measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, or in
degrees with decimal fractions, or in grads a right angle is
100 grads; 1c=100`=10,000��. but decimals of suffice), or in
radians (a right angle is V/2 rad). Radian.; are the standard
measurement of angles in the modernized metric system, but grads
are more practical for surveying; transits and other instruments
in countries using the metric system are usual.ly,calibrated in
grads.
Tncidental1y, the triangle on the attached page has a slope of
70%, and the angle a is 35°. This is about the steepest hill
one can walk on (provided the ground is not slippery); steeper
hills require scrambling with.the help of one's hands.
The terms "slope", "grade" and "batter" are defined according
to a paper by James 0. Berkland, Senior Engineering Geologist,
Santa Clara County Department of Public Works.
AL/jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General^lan
rnNVERSION BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS OF SLOPE
11
u
-- --------
Example 1
- -----
le 2
Example
---------
Example 3
-
Example 4
-
Example 5
Slope - v/h tan a
0.1000
0.3000
0.5000
1.0000
infinite
Slope (percent) __OOv/h
10.002
30.00%
50.00%
100.00`/.
infinite
Grade - v/s = sin a
0.0995
0.2873
0.4472
0.7071
1
Gradc (percent) = 100v/s
9.957
28.73%
44.72%
70.71%
100%
Gradient = v(ft)/
/s(miles) 5280 sin a
525.4
1517.2
2361.3
3733.5
5280
Batter h/v cot a
101-1
3.3331-1
2-1
1-1
0
h
1
1x10
1x3.333
11-2
lrl
infinite
One to .... v
Angle (degrees)
5042'38"
16°41'57"
26°33'54"
450
90°
Angle (grads)
6.3451c
18.5547c�
29.5167c
50c
100c I
Angle (radians)
0.0997 1
0.2915
0.4636
0.7854
1.5708
11
u
-•
AL/mc-jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
----------------------------------------------------------------
Most of the presented slope -density
d
0 formulas are polygonal, i.e. broken
lines. The sloping section of this,
line applies the general formuld for
d=o-bs
J a straight line, d=a-bs. Density (d)
T
decreases the amount of b for every
o �
0 S
Slope unit of slope (s).
b
y =sin x
41
b
y = cos x
- - - - - - - -----` ,---------- -----------
X
-Ir 900 180° 2700 3600
The trigonometric functions of sine
(sin),'cosine (cos), tangent (tan, to
or tg) and cotangent (cot, ctn or ctg)
are defined by a right-angle triangle:
sin c( = a/c, cos c. = b/c, tan a/ b,
cot d = b/a.
Several of the presented formulas are
sine curves, a type of curve common in
nature as well as in technology. Waves
are.sine curves (unless near the point
of breaking). Voltage of alternating
current (AC) is a sine function of time.
- A cosine curve is identical with a
sine curve, only with a phase displace-
ment.
-1-
,*
•
kl�j
AL/mc-jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Hill Area General Plan
GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
a+b
a -b
1
b
180°
C
d
b b\
S
The slope -density sine curves are of
the type d=a+b cos(s+c). The maximum
value of d is a+b, when s=0. The mini-
mum value of d is a -b, when s=180°/c.
S If a=b, the minimum of d is 0.
One of the slope -density formulas is a
hyperbola (one of the conic sections),
a curve which in each direction
X
approaches but .never meets a straight
line. The simplest hyperbola is y=1/x.
(For instance, y may represent dwelling
units per net acre, x average lot area
in acres; if x is expressed in square
feet, y=43560/x.)
The presented hyperbola is of.the type
d=a/.(s+b)-c. When s=0, d=a/b-c. When
d=0, s=a/c-b.
-2-
C
2-
L 0
Hill Area General Plan
GAIN OR LOSS IN NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS
DETERMINED BY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS
Gain of dwelling units
by dividing property
(loss by consolidating)
Concave part of curve*
Loss of dwelling units
by dividing property
(gain by consolidating):
Convex part of curve*
A=
100 cc
AL/mc-jk 80,022.1
May 14, 1974
Example 1 (County 1 graph)
l
200 ac 50% slope': 40 DU
or:
100 " 30% If60 "
100 " 70% 20 "
(100% gain) 8D "
Example 2 (County I adj. graph;
1
high Sine graph)
200 ac 60% slope: 10 DU; 14 DU
or:
100 50% 21 18 "
100 70% 5 " 5 "
(160% gain) 26 23 "(64% gain)
----------------------------------------
Example 3 (County 1 graph; Sine I graph)
i b
200 ac 10% slope: 200 DU; 189 DU
or
100 5% 100 98 "
100 15% 90 88 "
(5% loss) 190 186 "(1.6% loss)
------------------------------------------
e=
10000
* The reading for the undivided property does not have to be
located at the break of the polygonal graph.. The gain or loss
occurs whenever one reading of thedivided property falls on
the horizontal section of the graph and the other on the sloping
section. The property does not have to be divided in equal parts.
Hill Area General Plan
1.6. CONSERVATION MEASURES
�f
1•
AL/tm 81,003.22
April 17, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
CONSERVATION MEASURES
---------------------------------------------------- ---------
A statement is being prepared on conservation measures and
the means to implement them.
n
Hill Area General Plan
3.7. ENERGY
•
•
11
81,003.22
July 14, 1(i75
Hi 1.1 Arca General Plan
1i5LRCY RE110I2' by 1). J. ;1YRONU1,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Th California Environment._'. Quality Act was amended, effective January 7,
1975, to require Chat the discussion of mitigation measures gelated to any
Ravironmcnrtr'l. Tmnact Rennrt, :include a riscuss:ion of ,n_asures t^ _:dote
the inefficient and unnecessary coilsumptien of energy•
The following paragraphs are a discussion of energy measures associated
with the Hill Area Gencral Plan Study and the alternatives proposed in the
plan.
National _and Regiona.l Persnecti.ve Relative to Ener v- Usa-e Proonsed in die
Hill Area Gen'aral. Plan
On a nationwide basis in 1972, for a raw energy total of: about 70x1015 BTU,
19.5% was used by residential and conmterci.al operations; 24G by transporta-
tion;,31% by industry and 24.57 by electrical utilities. (References E-1,
B-2, B-3, E-4 found in the Appendix of. this Report). In 1973 and 1974, the
raw energy totals were 711.7x1Ol3 and 73.1x101 BTU's respectively. 'iiia
percentages in each user category has not changed appre:ciabl.y to date.
Again in the 1972 perspective, the nationwide total households required an
annual input of about 15:;1015 BTU of which more than one half is discarded
as waste-, energy. In particular, space heating consumes some 65% of the
residential energy budget and results in about 807 of the quantity of wasted
energy. At the sante time, water heating assumed about 13% of the residential
energy budget; liRhting about 10%; cooling 5% and conking 5%.
In California, 967 of the residences are gas heated, the remainder use
electrical heating. Negligible amounts of oil, coal or wood are used for
space, heating. In 1972 in the Bay Area, an average of 2.7x,1012 BTU per day
were consumed by the following users. (Reference E-5).
Domestic 17.1%
Commercial 6.5%
Refi.neri.es 18.4%
Utilities 15.4%
Industrial 10.6%
Transportation 30.5%
Miscellaneous 1.67
During that period, 2.8 million cars and light duty trucks consumed six ni.1li.on
gallons of gasoline while driving about 76 million miles (Reference H-5). This
Coils unip tion amounts to about 0.67x101` ]BTU per day or about one quarter of the.
daily energy budget-.
In the Santa Clara Valley, the average
day (about 160,000 BTU) of electricity;
330,000 BTU). These figures are annual
day.
-1-
household uses about 15 kilowatts per
and 3.3 therms of natural gas (about
consumption reduced to an average per
81.,003.22
.luly 24, 1975
Ili]l Area General Plan
ENERGY BEFORF by D. J. 19YRONUK
•
Twice as much residential. ener,;y is provided by natural gas as rompared t -o
electrical em,rgy. In perspecti.ve then, f:vcu.34ng at.tent]on on rite 1;'i.i] Area
General- Plan, which is Primarily involved in resident.:i.al. ..che':nes ahi.ch only
differ ir. density of residential areas, considerable energy savings :'::ay be
realized by:
(i) reducing energy -wasteful. or incorporating alternate space and
water heating processes;
(ii) considering eficicncy in lighting, cooling and cooking processes;
(iii) reducing unnecessary usage/dependency on vehicles driven by the
residents.
Energy Requirements of: the Proposed Alternatives
Using residential density data associated with each of the Alternatives as
described in the Hill Area General Plan, Rev. June 24, 1975, estimates of
energy requirements for the residences as well as transportation of the
occupants arc! given in ''Table E-1.
For the very low density alternative it is assumed the dwellings in the
Foothill fringe and Church properties in general. have a larger floor area
andenergy orad than for example residences associated with Lite maximums
density plan in the same zones. For the higher elevation buildings, it is
assumed they too have greater floor areas, and an increased winger heating
requirement due to higher altitude climate. It is assumed the daily average
energy requirements are about 18.5 kilowatts of electricity and 4 therms of
natural. gas. As dwelling unit density increases oil the Foothill fringe and
church properties, floor areas and energy requirements decrease to the
average values in the Santa Clara Valley (15 kLlowatts and 3.3 therms of
natural. gas). The energy requirements for higher altitude locations for
any alternative plan, are assumed to ma-intain the higher than average values
shown.
Also tabulated are estimates of energy required for transportation of the
residents using the grip generation factor provided by the Traffic Fngi.neer.
For Table E-1, the numbers listed under column T in each alternative are
based on an average distance from each zone, required to simpl.y.access
highway 250. The remainder of the trip -end distance is then assumed con-
stant for all zones once the intermediate goal of t:he tr:i.p has been reached.
The estimates clearly show the effect of development in the flatter regions
where because of proximity to major roadceays transportation energy require-
lnent.s arc only about 15% of the total encrp,y requirements. At higher
elevations (Zones 1. and 2 for example) about 30% of the total. enert•,y budget:.
is used on transportation only. Thus, besides using more energy per DU,
.
the residents of the higher slopes, use twice the energy to access their
property comparecl to residents nearer the valley floor. The total. energy
summations of 'fable G-1. are based upon current residential and vehicular
use patterns which are assumed to persist :into the f:nture. 'file estimates
i
Ll
el,00s.:
July, 24, 1975
Hill. Arca Gcueral i?.Lin
hhitiRG), l,FPORJ' by D. J. N'iRONUK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
do not account for fuel shortages and/or rationing; use :,f alternate c•nerl_
sources; public acceptance of l.i.}?,i:t.er, hi!ner r„ile-Pur-I,allon pri.•:rt.! .<:!li..le ;
avt,.i :l.a b -i iit_v of n1111.1ic. tratisporl:at: i. onI s.I.atecl incentives to ce:7soY•de
fuel/ nerp;,. as well as voluntary reduction in dot:7esti.c en.ergv usage. F::ch
of these latter 1.tems wil_1 reduce energy, consumpt:i.on to Ieve l.s I than
the figures shown.
Using the suggestionsof:fered in the mitigation Section of: tris rc.nrt,
the energy totals listed may be potentially reduced h- at least a thin' or
more as well.
-3-
0 0
TABLE E-1
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENCES AND TRANSPORTATION
Alternative
:-1 _,
Church Property
Foothill Fringe
Lindy Canyon
Regnart.Canvon)
Scven Springs )
Permanente
Stevens Res. Area )
ciontebello Ridge )
UD -per Stevens Canyon)
Sub totals
Total Energy Required
per day (- 106 BTU
Very Lora Density
H (240) T
31 4.1
11 1.6
2.4 0.7
County City
H (1496) T H (2147) T_
154 21 357 59
75 6.1 165 16.3
12.6 3.8 13.8 4.2
City-Count"
H (2574) T
357 59
165 16.3
2.4 0.7
Maximum
H T
647 107
512 51
2.4 0.7
38.4
19.3
155
78
196
39
392
196
.548
275
9.3
0.9
94
16
37
6.5
94
16
94
.116
52,8
21.2
406
163
206
83
406
163
406
163
145 48 897 288 1171 365
193
1185 1536
1428 455
1883
2226 618
2844
H = Home energy requirements gas + electricity (x. 106 BTU/day)
T = Transportation energy to access liwy. 280 from estimated residence center in each zone or
combination of zones (x 106 BTU/day).
NOTE: The table figures are referred to current energy use patterns• The Transportation co.i.0-^. ssumes
a vehicle fuel usage as 13 miles per gallon- Should legislation eventually mandate Cr."' 20 or 25
miles per gallon cars, and should industry provide vehicles that actually perform at this ever,
the figures sho-::n would be reduced on a simple proportion calculation.
80,016.5
81,003.22
July 24, 1975
Hill Area General Plan
ENERGY REPORT by D. J. MYRONUK
-S ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mi.ti.gation Measures
At this time only a general discussion is possible to delineate energy
wasteful or energy efficient techniques, operations or continued practices.
The following items when incorporated in part or in total, with specific
development plans, will mitigate energy waste or inefficient usage now
observed to occur in existing residential developments in the Santa Clara
Valley.
1. Types of Construction:
Single-family detached dwellings have a higher heat loss per square
foot of floor area than individual dwellings in condominiums, town-
houses, semi-detached dwellings and apartments in apartment buildings.
r The reduction in the ratio of exterior wall area to horizontal floor
area (which, excluding curved surfaces, is lowest for a simple square
floor plan) also reduces energy/heat losses. Thus a one story house of
rectangular or "L" shape has the same heat loss as a two story square
layout house. In both cases walls and ceilings were insulated. The
use of "11" or "T" shaped floor plans results in even higher heat losses
compared to the square layout. (References E-10, E-11).
2. Insulation/Heat Loss Protection:
Insulation in the residence floors, walls and ceilings makes a large
difference in heat loss and heat gain. In the Bay Area a well insulated
home has little need for any air conditioning on most warm -weather days.
The use of insulation with effective thermal resistance designation R-19
in ceilings and walls with R-11 in floors will considerably reduce annual
heating and air conditioning costs. These designations are higher than
values required for compliance in California as specified in Title 25,
Article 5, Section 1094 of the State Housing and Community Development Code.*
For slab -on -grade houses, edge insulation reduces heat losses from the
interior. If perimeter heating ducts are used under the slab, even
greater heat losses will be avoided by using edge insulation.
For residences with crawl spaces, closeable vents and a vapor barrier
ground cover will reduce heat loss from the interior through the floors.
Heating •fuel may also be saved by being able to zone the heating system
of a residence with a few manual. duct dampers or valves. In this way
unused or seldom used rooms can remain unheated.
I •
* Title 5, Article 5 is currently in effect in the City of Cupertino.
The required R value for insulation will. vary depending ,upon building
construction techniques and materials.
-5-
.July
111.1.1. arca General flan
REPORT t,v D. .J. 1;iROSUK
• ----------------------------------------------------- --------------
80,016.5 -----------
80,016.5
81,003.2?
14, ]97
A well built, adcquatr.ly insulated building however won't: he energy
efficient w:i.tli poor qua.li.ty windows; losses through ela.ina can he
si.gni.ficant. Comparing single pane, metal framed windows with no
specific thermal barrier, with wood framed insula Ling glass, (two or
more panes of glass with sealed in air space:,) the use of the latter
in test cases :in major geographical areas, reduced annual hcati.n; costs
by 30%. Besides saving fuel, such thermal windows result in Lower ni.r
conditioning loads, eliminaLe a need for storm windows and cut cle.:n:ing
time in half:. Metal framed thermal windows are available as well., but
the wood frame's advantage of being a good insulator compared to a metal
frame, does outweigh on an energy basis the woather resistance advanta;;es
of certain metals.
The use of storm doors in addition to regular exterior doors also prevents
some unnecessary air infiltration.
All. heating/air conditioning ducts run through non -thermally conditioned
spaces should be insulated with at least one to two inches of flexible.
insulation.
For fireplace installations, the damper should be provided with a tight
seal, and the unit closed when not in use.
• Using light colored coatings or materials in the _xtcricr wall: and roof,
as opposed to dark colors, will. reduce solar h,:at gain.
3. Resource Conserving Energy Forms:
For apartment complexes, cluster houses or a consortium of: residences,
a heat pump system can be used to provide adequate space and water
heating and space cooling of: the facility, using less than half the
energy requited to perform the same tasks with conventional heaters or
coolers (Reference E-3). Currently available solar hest collecting panels
can be used to augment the usual pool heating systems.
4. Orientation of Buildings:
In general, for buildings at the Hill Area latitude, an eavc overhang, of
32 to 34 inches will shade exposed.walls and windows from the direct rays
of summer. sun;hlne. In the winter months, the lower nzi.muthal path of tile
sun (closer to the horizon) allo::s sone_ of the sun's rays to penetrate
under the eaves and provide a desirable heat gain. During colder months,
attached Barn es can serve to insulate a wa].1; and in the warm months, a
garagc or carport- on the east or west walls can reduce heat gain, in turn
air conditioning leads. locating the ridge of the houses parallel to the
east/west a;:i.s is thermally advantageous ill rcduci.ng i.nterinr solar heat
gain yet providi.111" a potential area for roof mounted solar water heaters
or water energy collectors. In term.; of recent develop:.^.encs of vct.y
efficient nbsorbcrs using tungsten crystals, efficient: use of solar energy
map soon he a part of every household. Current cotmnercio.l.ly ava:i.a.ab.le
solar energy absorber systems arc operaCi.ouaa. after a 1'.aslii_on in a li.mitcd
number of cnses Lltou;;h much remain;; to be determined a:; to durability of
presently u:;cd materials, long term ma inLennnce free operation as well as
„O,UIp.S
81 AM 22
July 11, 1975
Hill. Area General Pon
1:1,;1;11C,Y NHP(),T by 1). ;I , i 11RON1111
the very high i.n'itial cost: of: installation and accommodation in a solar -type
building (Reference E-7).
It is thermally advantageous to use more gInz:i.ni in southeast, south and
southwest: exposures, and shade these .openings by trees, shrubs or awnings
as well as cave overhang to reduce summer solar heat gain (:reference E-10).
Evergreen trees on the northerly exponArus act as a barrier to wind, Leaf
bearing ti es on southerly exposures shade the building in the summer; yet
upon dropping their leaves in wringer, allow solar heat gain. Shrubs,
trellise., hed2n s, should be carefully planned to provide natural wind
breaks for building entrances. Air conditioner condensers trust be located
in shaded arcus with plenty of natural ventilation. Doing so, increases
the air conditioner compressor efficiency which in tern reduces energy
consumed.
5. Transportation:
In the Santa Clara Valley, the individual reliance on the private automobile
operation appears to be an ongoing tread. in turn, the vehicles continue
to be not only a principal source of pollution emissions but inefficiently
c_on::.ume ,past amounts of energy inthe form of gasoline and materials to
build them and the roads they require.
The proposed construction of a residential development in a hill area not
.� presently serviced, even partially, by public transportation, eneournges
the trend toward personal vehicle usage.. This trend mn be slightly
alleviated
J
alleviated by including in building plans, well landscaped, weather pro-
tected bus or public transit waiting stations or car pool collection centers
in the neighborhoods. Bicycle lanes, well buffered from the main streets,
would also promote non -automobile oriented transportation. Efficiently
run 8 to 10 passenger service vehicles or mini -buses could also serve to
reduce the 30 private second auto ridership that is entailed in stropping
and non -work hour commute trips.
Centralized local recreational facilities and hiking paths would eliminate
some of the additi.onal auto trips out of: the area for residents participating
in such activities.
6. Lighting Practices:
Fluorescent: lights should be used to provide a majority of artificial
interior illumination. Such fiatnres provide three [rimes the illumination
and last ten t:imcs as long as comparable: wattage incandescent: lights. In
kitchens, two watts of: fluorescent light per square foot of: floor provides
the snme illumination as six watts of conventional light: bul.hs.
At the
general
latitude of
the Hill Area, skylights can provide at: least
10 watts
per square
foot of
opening, of natural interior illumination.
Windows
•during
locnted
daylight
high up on
hours.
the side walls also provide interior lighting
-7-
81.,001.»
Jule 14, 197
i,rca Gcn::sal. 7':L: it
----------------------------------------
• %. Construrt::ion lract:Lccs:
Dur in, construction phase, fr,unSc;t:ions can DC: pla:u:cr. ti, :;it on
r.aLura1 .. ro..nd e].eaori.ons t!1J.6, reduced C., rtlt ..sai.nr; C, pe.::- ;c
and a col::-ensarate reduced f:ue1 usr.;�;e. A], i:xcc:ration e,i ._ur,�,
cut :i.s mads_ such th:a C!te e:<oos- earth :nail Setvcs lisulatu =i.•C
portion or orae weal of the build .r. i.n Clti.s :ase gr:_din— t -ire roue arcs
ifac- around thr_ bui.IdIn- and it:.=.rai.li:i; e;.fecLiv_ .;torn L Co Ca ._. i:,
adequate slope. f:or surface wal-lar and substn-face ;rater Lo qu:icl:1;
a-,oay from the d-,:elli.ug. This helps L:reap earth r:c.-Ii to rise foundation dric-r
and war -sr which reduces heat :Loss throagh the: taa11.
Althou,h aestileL.;.Call .Lore pleasing to L-11 k, ol)ser'vi"r, the ins tailaLi.On of
uoderground electric u;-ili.ties, , ns co -.,ma red to above ;round .7:fines, iS
entry war to..fuI i.n the :i nstallaticn I-hvsa; (%)Inch esoiains iu part wil.v
go in,,.; undergzCiind cost:: eight: to ten times more than u1.: 6 g ;a i. res over --
head). Iu the lonfler Lena! picture, the oh;aic losses are _..,_.eI L i a 1 IV
similar; yet: initially superior it;sulat:ioe for underground 1:I.1)es .__... be
less eru.rgy Coils �.rving titan bare over^read lines due to :insulation deteriora-
tion in ri process ciascribed as "treeing" so named due to uni.qua patter::s
in the failing insulation layars. P,eplaceruanli or repair of such utdsr-
ground lines car: be poLentiall.y error-mmis.ty expensive and a:.ergy wastaful
rutin con.pared to eas.i.ly obsarved rind repaired nverhead 7J.nos aensivc•.
stktdi.es are Ln nro_;r.ess to :.tscertsin relatively unlaresnt long ter;t un .r -
•_s
are well docamentc-I for many decades.
]:n the caristruction period, numerous su•n,gcst.:_ions o good cot:sLructi_i,n
practice and insulati-on installation practices are cou,A-miously provided
by the 'National ..ssociat:ion of Home: Buildcrs and the Ar. e_ricin :Lnsti tote
of: Architects), many of which are in L!:e bent interests oi: saving energy
(:references 2-40, L-11) . Sot:,: of these sui,,gestions are:
- use of sill sua:l rs between the foundation and band joints
or sill plat-cs;
use of scaler material between the bottom e:aer:Lor. t:a:tl plate
and the floor slicathing;
- caulking all cracks at windo.is, doors or any wall. openings;
- nai.ling sheathing tightly to framing me:rbers to minimize
wall -air moveme.nt:;
- using duct tape as well as insulation to seal all duct joints;
using insulation and plastic vapor barrier material to frill up
cracks around doors; and windows; e.g. behind p:i.pcs, wires and
elecLrical outlet boxes;
cores in tilt -up coucrote walls or cinder block walls
with vermi.cnhtr., nearlite, or expanded foam i.n.su.Int.on ntaLuri.a.1.
-8-
80,01 ().1-
81.,063.:'.°
J111y 14, .1.9 5
Il:i.1.1 Area General. Plan
D. J. .,) ,1.,...
.i: .,rK
8. Conservatiou Devices:
Lven tliouL;h an atC:ic r- -, _rsu1"1Lo.d the heat but. -dup LI 1 till.. nCt:i c.
space, wi13. 1:-r•etroLr_ tirou,�h the oiling bolo.. c.cat;n: ,.: :nr:rant.•d
Source of ovc:'iea d radiant Chat. not only a:rills to Lha air conCLi t .on i.it
load, buL ndrlc Co the clic;cc:aEort of Chu res:i. lien Cs. Lo;L;; ;a;:tai: !:lie :;nn
sets, the: trapr-;cid mass of. ;air continues to rind: -ate he;;t into Clio l.ivir,*
or s1e C -ping quarters bc;J.OSi with t:he 'L,,su,.t the OCG:p lillCS k.2(lp air ((olj-
ditioners running ].cmz;er than _ayuir d. In upsta:i.cs rooms, for multi--leveJ_
biomes, peopl.d tend to ;attain cc fore by turr•.i:v2 .summ,-.r tllerulostats even
7. ower ?'Ll r t11C 1: 1, ric re asi nth tlie- amo Ll llt of ell er<;Y req a i. red.
Good ccnst:ructi.on practice calLs for attic space vent:: or opcnings primarily
to eliminate :;inter ccsdensatior. prob1cros. Buc these openings, ..-hich dcpc•.rrl
upon natural convectic;
81 001 1.22
Jul.), 1"t, 1975
I ii 1.1 Arca Guncral, ]']..At)
FINVI"GlY 16:1.101ft, b" 1). J. i 1Y R 0 i71 TI
•
--- ------ _ -----
t:he
- - ---- ---
.in
---- ----------
relative
--- - ----
hnT,.li,dity
- -
is
----- ---------- - * --- - - - - -
ino from ?0" to
- - - - - - - - - -- - -
-J, thh
6(.)'4' d;r.i"
on"l,
comiort:
j or
fell:
rat. Ll ELs
'(Adl! ced'LII
for 'An
field Ij
b o U t al
S j 11
:1, Sj IC?.
costs.
For built -:in ma i oj, aunl.i;m cLs the c7, % ra Liner y r(I (I u f a 1- Self ,I l can.i.m,
OVOMS 3 . .5 Mol'o th;jll 9171 -act. by t:le c::t ra L:riCU D.1,1 LiJeSC-
They sh oui J be an c d wh still. ho ;-- .from a could
overs not oni), s:ivr, �Lma but use up to VO);' less CoLal CnIC3 :,";y
A
convenLional culuatc'TarLs Raldid recovery !n :i. Ls on water ,.users
should be d is co Ll d. Ex c(_- S , i V0.13, high I h: It:CIr tamp era tures a ra (Imc2 r,,v
wasteful; 110 to 12"0ol" is ,Idoaun�_c. filt; usual 150"1.- setti:,g is
enougn to disinfect di,_-*ies or clothes (this j.(Ar least:
2 mLnutc2s) , hence the use of the Ia;,-Ctr sFtt:ii1& can Sava 20 to 25 percent
of the 1,aLor heat-ing, energy budget.
Electronic hurnor it'nition units can he spocificd in p1aco of !:h -:i ener,,-
wasLill�, "j.10L f1i'mes (which LCMs11711E! 10 t 1.5 percent Of the IL!Cii sun; lied)
for n_-tural gas burners (Reference E-6) .
Window shads , covers or drapes if properly used, call !:,Jvo up to 157 of
the heating or cool-incosts. For unwanted sumlllcIr heat gain, or
heat: loss through windo,.:s or glass doors, dj:ewll shades can reduce sinter
• li.at Insccs by 25% and summer he�it gain by 507. Duri.7 w;ntcr
.1 i:mn ,nths"
tc, rG31Lr
un Z; .1 A� �.,, — -
ill
At: other tines, t1 -1c drapP3 should be redrawn. Ill ;,I study conduct -ed *Dy
the U.S, Depirrment of Commerce in the Midwest, for .7. resiucInce v,ith
157 window area, ordinary shades mads a difference of 8 comi-s on overy
heating ClOLLar. and 2 cents PE'r dollar spent on cooling. With selective
shadinc, or draping of Calitornia residences, the energy Savin. -s L-u also
considerable.
For f,..replaces, the use of thermal grnLings, natural or forced air dev-i-es
as i ao
vell. as radiant energy refl,,cl:-sll
o, � w a fireplace to effectively heat
a room. The use of energy reflective glass, bronzed or. smoked Pass, as
we.11 as reflective films cipplicd to glass surface::, can rLcluc,.c umaanced
solar boat gain by 50 to 75 percent compared to ordinary glazing niaterial.
9. Waste 11cal: 1'ccovery:
Sma7.-1. size flue gas heat recovery unity can eff ic, unt.].v use energy
norma.11y lost up the chilflncy in most residences (Reference E-8). A
clothes dryer uses ten times the energy of ill automatic clothes washer,
hence c1ol-.1-lLs1incs should be rediscovered. As \,.,c,.I.l during winter months
the vent pipe of electric dr,%,C;:S should be fil.tercd and divertable into
the. int:erior of the residence to provide ,;oma space heating \71-th some
additionn.l. TR(AisLur,_,, rather than venting into an unheated gare'll,ii or. out-
doors. Dryers and furnnces should be located with Unsc of access in
mind to chall�,CI aLr filters ;111C] reduce thu waste of file]. that results
from cloggeo or partially bl-oclwd filters.
-.1.0-
81,(:0,.22
,July 1/4, 1975
M.11 Area Plan
1"N'L."RGY E E D10, 11" . F by D. J. N'YRONTI,
0 10. Recycling:
Any dCvolcpmcnl- c!-.ould pro'./f.dc ccntrn.1.[;:ed faciliti,::s to
eucutiraeo vhc-, qn:;ar.:t4on of waste;; (about, 5 puuwls par person lser c!:iy)
into tlhrc catego]-LL.S of raped-, m-'tal,
Co Ti-.bu,- L ;A, le mziLor.i .: Lj can bo used to nruvidu some of the ucl. o-
ellC:rv,y ICCOVery boilers (Reference F-9). At the !;a:,io time:,
resources, are consorv--d wizen inorj.;and. c are recovurcc-,d and
recycled instead of. bcqng bIII Lod.
.11. Energy ;'.ate Struct-ores:
rates for colectric;31 energy Lb -if- are do-si6lInd to reduce energy
consuL-1,Lion are still in ti: OaI-ly st-a,teo of evaluation for
Pacific Gas and Electric Company is participatin,; in a formal tion
into raise design before the California Public ULiLiti.--s CC s.1, i on in case
number 9 S2 1i . continuing
ng rate r(�S,2nrci,J)
b LS bc"', an�-alyzed to",(Ithor
w,it:h input from otl'lc:r major CaliforniaCutiiitics. The procccriin,,;s
intended to produce speciiic reconbilendaLiow--. for controlled o>:perlments
in the application Of selected rate revisionIq. Among the suo11,1,e-,nid ral-r,
alternatives, considered in the case numibc�r 9804, the results of which %Joul.d
discou rage energy consumption arc, :inverted rates, discount rates, mar�jnai
cost pricing, special penalty rates for large consim:Ption and tire of day
pricing
•
Additional specific details are included or part of the record Of the
Hearings on ".ssei--bly Bill of the California Leglisl.aLufe.
r- I
L
Several energy conserving, measUrCS , techniquc�s , su1g.,;estion!3 and references have
been developed in this rc,port. It would be &:�.tramely difficult to lirw quantify
the five hill Plan Alternatives as to their designation of 'good" or "bad" from
an eucrgy viewpoint without specific numbers, architectural plans and locations.
It is hoped this portion of the Gencral Report aids the reader in differentiatin�,
the truth or fallacy of the situation where Lhc. continuous IT12S.5' production and
cEectinl,, of 500 residences rcouirc.S 1C,`%; construction energy per unit than the
intermittent: construction of 50 residences.
The enemy aspect Of any development today is more realistically approached
not by 'hov., many" residences are built, but simply "how" they are built. By
continual monitoring of subsequunt specific planning and development. phases,
concerned citi:,mns can do their part for energy conserv.,.itioii today and more
important yet'how they Can continue to use enc.,j.(,,y efficiently tomorrow.
Rcspoccfully Submitted
D. J. Myronuk, PhD
-11-
33'005.:22
.3 J.y :14 , 19 75
Hi1.1. Area Cenc'ra'- Plan
Ia;EIX1, i(iPOi:'f Ly D. .J. I1Ylip?a.'I:
E--1 ':ncrgy, A r Oua1.it:y and Lhc Systcin App roac!;. i'Ii 195 797. hi1.;:, 19-0.
E-2 Encr�-y CoIF; I.:11,ption ,tor Pra:nsportaIion in t:hc IJ.S. OltilJ.,-F;Si-LP 15.
ilal:Cli, 197Y.
E-3 'i:}:e U.S. Lne rgy Prcb Leri. Volume I. Na L:i.onnl. 'Icclmical 11nforma1--ion
Service. PB -207-517. November, 1971.
I:-4 The U.S. Energy Prob1cm. Volume II. 'MS PB=207-5185.
E-5 Bay Area Air Pol.lution Control District Data for San Francisco I'ay
Area, 1972. .
E-6 Study of the Future Supp'.y of ;daatur:l. Gas for ElecLr'ical Utilities.
NTTS 1.1r, -20.-i--285, Fol) ru;iry, 1972.
E-7 ConservaLion and DcLte.r Utilization of ElectrLc Power icy McFlms Uf
Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Heating. NT1S. I'B-210-359.
E-3 Plant Ensinc 2ri.n.� Publication.
Articles10:
A. Sizing Roof Vcntil.ations; ScpLember, 1.^7::
B. Varic'i,Le-Vo1.ume Sysi._rt of Cooling Plant Offices; March, 1973.
C. Cuttin Air Ccnditi.oni.r,g Costs Or,c Third; .Tune, 1.973.
D. Pipe Insulation Materials: January, 1.974,
E. Heat Recovery Sysee:ns Ln Industry--:\ppl.ical'i.ons; December, .11.172.
:r
E-9 "Energy and IOS011rCE Recovery from Solid Wastes". Garrett Research
and Development Co., LraVerne, California. 6`75-012. February, 1975.
E-10 "Energy Conservation in Building Design". American 1nsL:i.tute of
Architects. .ay, 1.974.
E-11 "36 k,ays to Conserve Energy". NAIIP Journal-Scopc. 'January, 19 75 .
-1.2-
'we
t TIM
iS S t �e S d% JI
4 ® `• � Ll
C���
�•{r �.: ?a'i.4:. t:dFt�.�.�..^."� ...�4`�.~T;•L31 j['jF'�=+� =5
Irlt
A
IFINII
�>!, d ��'J. �� .'r � .� �s�! ilj t•, - _ i' �3f.J i /�� r i C' ..� ,i--�
J
r p.
l
"
Ii
L
�Vi'•wT