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Hill Area Aug 75:.L AL/tm 81,003. 22 April 18, 1975 Rev. July S, 1975 Hill Arca General. Plan Rev. August S, 1975 INDI"X: 1. Character of the Area - Part I 2. Land Use & Number of Dwell.ing Units 3. Housing Opportunities 4. Circulation 5. Schools - Part II 6. Util-ities; Pater Resources 7. Scenic Resources; Parks S. Historical Resources 9. Air Quality • ' 10. Agricultural Resources ^' 11. Mineral Resources - 12. Vegetation and Wildlife 13. Geologic Stability 14. F:Lood and Fire hazard 15. Slope -Density Formulas - " it 16., Conservation Measures - u. n 17. Energy - 1-0, Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE AREA • 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES Introduction One of the goals adopted by the Goals Committee relative to the foothills was to `maintain the natural characteristics of the hill areas by providing for low intensity residential activities". In order to evaluate the impacts of the five alternatives, it is important to have an understanding of the character of the hillsides as they presently exist. The issue of character includes both the physical. makeup of the area in terms of natural and man made features as well as a feeling one gets when in the foothills. The lower. foothills of the Urban Service Area serve as a transition point between the flat areas of the valley floor and the steeper slopes of the Montebello Ridge. They represent residual pieces of large acreage which were typical of the agricultural and open grassland areas of the past. The lower foothills contain a variety of natural land formations as well as man made features which have been divided into six subareas for the purposes of identifying the character of the total study area. The area outside the Urban Service Area also contains a variety of land forms and features which can be discernable but for the purposes of this study they will be thought of as one area. To aid in the analysis, illustrations of the subareas; as perceived by a staff artist; have been made which help to capture the essence of the hillsides. Character Analysis_ • A. Lower Foothills (Urban Service Area) 1. The Church Property The Church property, because of its large acreage, represents a unique expanse of rolling grassland with the typical scrub trees and Oaks native to California scattered both on the hilltops and in the gully areas closely following the undulating terrain. This is virtually the only piece of property in Cupertino that is like this. There are no residential structures on it other than the Mary Knoll,St. Joseph's Seminary and the cemetery. The only road running through the property allows the visitor to experience a very peaceful, pleasant drive with broad views both of the foothills beyond and the valley floor below. The Church property is physically separated from the valley floor by the Oak lined creek as well as Foothill Expressway and Highway 280. It has remained almost isolated and untouched by urban development although it is easily accessible to the public. The Mary Knoll Seminary building is clearly visible from Highway 280 and represents a landmark for people traveling on the freeway. It is a building whose architecture is of some significance and should be retained regardless of the density of development permitted on the property. The St. Joseph's Seminary further northwest is a group • of buildings which is isolated and has less visibility to the public. -1- 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES • Another man made 'feature which dominates the property is the power lines which transverse the site, particularly on the western portion. 2. Voss Avenue and Alcalde Road Leading south from the Church property is a small portion of the hills which is contiguous both to the beginning portions of the steeper terrain and the flat portions of the valley floor. Urbaniza- tion has slowly crept up to the toe of the slope. Small parcels of flat area have been retained which are contiguous to existing homes that were built in a manner typical of the rest of the valley. At the present time, the property is an open field used for grazing horses and other assorted play activities of the neighboring children and school. It gives a very rural feel to the neighborhood and allows for some transition between the dense urban floor area and the beginning of the hillsides. The wood and wire fences are typical of the type of fencing used when the entire area was used for agriculture and grazing purposes. The properties are highly visible from Foothill Boulevard and surrounding properties and any type of development would be a significant change in terms of character and visibility. 3. Inspiration Heights • Inspiration Heights is characterized by steeper, more densely foliaged terrain compared to the other properties described to the north. The natural features of the area include a mixture of deciduous trees and the typical scrub Oaks found in the ridge areas further west. 'Phe terrain is much steeper which makes access difficult but provides broad vistas of the valley floor as viewed from the higher elevations. The dense growth helps to hide the man made features which have taken the form of scattered residences which hug the minimal road system that has developed in the area. The mixture of housing types includes a variety of both modern, new structures to some older, smaller buildings that have been neglected or minimally maintained. The broad variety in the housing stock matches the urban area contiguous to the hillsides which is a residual County pocket developed a number of years ago under standards less stringent than required by the City both in terms of building design and road standards. The entire area conveys a very rural feel compared to the standard orderly developments of the newer subdivisions of Cupertino. The streets themselves are in various stages of repair and disrepair. Most of the streets in the hills are asphalt paving with no curbs and gutters. Mail boxes are placed at the street adjacent to dense shrubbery which hides many of the homes. The Inspiration Heights area is visible from Foothill Boulevard although most of the houses are hidden by trees. Both in terms of man made features and the natural features, this • area is a real departure from the rest of the valley floor. The housing variety adds to the rustic, semi -rural character which was more typical of the past. 50Z 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF TIH3 HILLSIDES • 4. Lindy Canyon The Lindy Canyon area is again a change from the properties to the north. This area is very steep and will. allow for minimal develop- ment according to any of the slope density formulas proposed. There are few, if any, man made features or buildings in the area due to the difficulty in developing and accessibility to the steeper slopes. The property also includes a large gravel pit which has limited access and no visibility from surrounding streets. Development directly contiguous to the Lindy Canyon area is of higher quality than the type described in Inspiration Heights. Most of the homes are more modern in design and have attempted to follow the natural terrain. The streets in to the areas meet City standards in terms of paving and gutters but do not have sidewalks. There is a large subdivision directly contiguous to this area to the east which follows the traditional orderly type of development expected in Cupertino`s single-family homes. The area is highly visible from points along Bubb Road and within the adjoining subdivision. Due to the steepness of the terrain, what little development permitted should follow the natural features to allow for minimal impact on the stability of the land. 5. Regnart Canyon The Regnant Canyon area is almost completely hidden from the adjoining road system. There is a marked transition between the established sub- division adjoining it and the road and creek leading to the canyon area. The dense growth along Regnart Creek virtually hides much of the area. Once in the canyon, the typical grassy knolls and scrub Oak and deciduous growth dominate. Regnart Road has recently been paved, however, there are no curbs and gutters which adds to the semi -rural protected area offering an escape from the rest of the valley floor area. There are some existing homes in the Canyon. Some of them older, a few new but minimal in terms of impact and visual break from the more natural country feel that exists. The canyon itself is highly con- trasted with the adjoining subdivision property which is of a high quality, traditional design,form and density. There are no flatter portions existing which could provide a transition between the dense floor and the hilly canyon. 6. Seven Springs Ranch The Seven Springs Ranch provides the last large piece of flat area contiguous to the hills that is available for both urbanization or agricultural uses. The ranch scene is typical of the valley floor past both in terms of the feeling it creates and the uses that exist on the property. There are only 19 units on the entire 145 acres at • the present time. Farming is still taking place with the area planted in both row crops and orchards. The railroad tracks and Rainbow Drive -3- 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General flan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- • clearly delineate it from the adjoining subdivisions which have stopped at these boundaries. The ranch itself includes not only the flat portion but also a roiling terrain which serves as a pleasant visual backdrop to the rather rural feel of the property. People still ride horses in and around the area adding to the country feeling that one has when near the property. The property is unique not only because of the class II soil, but because it has not been developed as the rest of the City and offers an opportunity for a transition between the typical subdivision and the hillsides. The ranch area also provides a transition between the development of Cupertino and the type of development in Saratoga which surrounds it to the south and west. B. Upper Foothills (Outside of the Urban Service Area) Most of this area is comprised of the Montebello Ridge, the Stevens Creek Reservoir and Park, and the Permanente Quarry, consisting of a total of 8,300 acres. Most of the upper hills are in a relatively primitive state covered with deciduous and scrub type vegetation as well as expanses of coniferous forests scattered throughout the area. The upper foothill area is highly visible from the valley floor particularly the skyline of Montebello Ridge which provides a backdrop to the development of the valley floor. • The Montebello Ridge area played an active role in the early setticment of Cupertino. Thi Pichetti family was one of the first to settle here in the 1870's establishing a house, barns and a vineyard which was actively cultivated until the deterioration of the vines in the 1890's. The Perrone family also settled on the ridge in 1886 and established vineyards as did other families in the hillsides. Although the winery is not owned by the original family, the current Ridge Winery label is a product of the original vineyards. There were numerous other small family vineyards located in the area including Klein's whose wine was internationally renowned. Because of Prohibition and the phylloxera microbe, which killed the roots of the vines, families were forced to turn to the orchards. Limited access into the area and the steep slopes and terrain have kept Montebello Ridge virtually as it was then. n U There is a cluster of homes around the Old Montebello School on Montebello Road and the Pichetti barns and house that are still visible from the road itself as it winds up the hillside to the ridge which offers an unobstructed panoramic view of the valley floor. There are a number of other homes in the upper foothills totaling 1.07 which seem almost insignificant relative to the large area encompassed. The most notable attraction in terms of the public access and usage is the Stevens Creek Reservoir and Park. This is County owned and operated and provides an active recreation area for picnicing and boating in the foothills. -4- 81,003.22 J;ily 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES • The Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company Permanente Plant and Limestone. Quarry is one of the more obvious landmarks in the hills because of the constant smoke eminating frum the cement plant. The plant has an impact in the area not only from a visual standpoint but because of the cement trucks which can be seen and heard on Foothill Boulevard influencing the neighborhoods of the lower foothills and valley floor. The highest point in Cupertino is along the ridge line between Stevens Creek and Regnart Creek which has an elevation of 1,160 ft. The ridge itself continues south into what is called Table Mountain with an elevation of 2,000 ft., which is outside of Cupertino's sphere of influence. There are a number of creeks which run through the foothill area, particularly Stevens Creek and Permanente Creek both of which have a fairly active water flow particularly during the Spring of the year. Evaluation of the Alternatives on the Land Use Character A. Very Low Density Plan The low density alternative has minimal impact for both the upper and lower foothill areas. The increase in units overall could easily be absorbed into the flatter areas or tucked into the canyons and portions that arc not visible from Che street thus essentially maintaining the semi -rural atmosphere of the lower foothills. There would be a distinct contrast between the valley floor and the hills and ridges. The low density would enable most of the existing vegetation to remain as Homes could be placed in areas outside of the pathway of vegetated areas. As seen from the valley floor, there would be little if any disturbance to the vistas as they exist. A few scattered homes would continue to be seen along the upper foothills. B. County Plan The County plan would allow development at one to five acres per unit on the lower foothills and 2.5 to ten acres on the upper foothills. Overall, there would be about one-half acre average size lots on the properties in the lower hills. The County plan begins to have some effect on the character of the subareas as described previously. 1. Church Property The proposal for 258 units on the Church property would begin to have a significant effect particularly because there are no units now. ,Development would mean a physical change by breaking up the vast open, untouched area of the property. Clustering the units would tend to alleviate some of the impact by leaving the knolls and other visible sections of the property in their existing open • space state. Development would begin to put pressure on areas -5- 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Mill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- • that would be left open and may also tend to encourage the conversion of the Mary Knoll Seminary to another use which might result in more people and cars visiting the area thus altering the character of the quiet that exists now. 2. Voss Avenue and Alcalde Road and Inspiration Heights The addition of 125 units scattered in these subareas would alter the semi -rural character that presently exists, but would still provide a transition between the steeper slopes and the flat valley floor. The lower density relative to the valley floor would still permit horses, open fences, lower standard roads and the natural vegetation which does much to convey a feeling and character to the people living in the area. In terms of Inspiration heights, most of the units proposed could easily be absorbed behind the dense shrubbery that presently exists and would not significantly affect the kind of feeling that exists now. 3. , Lindy Canyon The proposed 21. units for Lindy Canyon would visually be a change in the existing Lindy Lane area, however, due to the type of development that has been permitted on some of the adjoining hillside areas, it would not: be as significant a change as it would be in some other parts • Of the hillside. Tiic _mportant concern is the access to the parcels and the type of design standards required of the roads and buildings. • 4. Regnart Canyon The County plan calls for 123 units in the Regnart Canyon which will have an extreme effect in that it will encourage more houses to be located along the higher areas and break up the large expanses of open rolling terrain that presently exists. There would still be a low enough density to allow for open fences and horses. Most houses could be designed so that they would be hidden by surrounding vegeta- tion, gullies and slope areas. The type of street standards and building design will have a great deal to do with the effect on the character in this area. Emphasis should be placed on maintaining the semi -rural standards. 5. Seven Springs Ranch The addition of 136 units on Seven Springs Ranch would have an impact on the present agricultural uses but not as great as the proposals of the City plan or the maximum density plan. Most of the units would probably be concentrated on the flatter portions but the size of the parcels would still allow garden farm activities and horse ownership. The larger parcels would blend in with the type of large parcel develop- ment that exists in the Saratoga area adjoining this property. It -6- 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES -------------------------------------------------------------------------- would be a marked change from the traditional densities of the vallev floor which are also contiguous to the area on the northeast. The lower density offers a transition beb,,Oen the typicai.auuuivisions and the less dense foothills beyond. In some sense the semi -rural atmosphere of the past would be maintained in spite of urbanization. 6. Upper Foothills The County plan c,f a total of 833 units in the area outside of the Urban Service Area will have significant effect on the existing situation in that the fairly primitive open spaces of -.the hillsides would be blotted with residential units. Most development- of course, will occur on the flatter portions which includes the ridge tops which have high visibility from the valley floor and adjoining properties. The average intensity of one unit per ten acres could potentially carve up the hillsides which could put pressure towards development in the future, thus eventually losing the open spaces of the hills. Recreational areas and the few historical sites in the upper hills could be threatened by the influx of development as well. Some of the impact could be mitigated to a degree by requiring that develop- ment blend in with .the existing foliage and terrain or by concentrating it in certain areas rather than all over the hills. C. City Plan The City plan would allow a relatively high intensity development for the flat portions of the lower foothills namely the Seven Springs Ranch and Church properties but require a lower intensity for the areas with a greater degree of slope within the Urban Service Area and an even lower intensity outside of the Urban Service Area. 1. Church Property The number of units permitted under the City plan would be 728 which is almost three times as many as would be allowed under the County plan. More houses would mean less open area, less of the existing primitive nature of the property. More units would mean more visibility from the roads and less peace and quiet that exists on the property at this time. The increase in units would be difficult to hide within the hill crests and pockets of flat areas which means that the open rolling hills would be lost. 2. Voss Avenue and Inspiration Heights The 337 units which would be permitted under this plan would largely be concentrated on the flatter portions in the fringe area. This means that most of the density would be similar to what presently • exists in the adjoining subdivisions. There would be no opportunity for the grazing of horses or larger garden plots that might be permitted under a lower density. An increase in units would lower -7- 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill. Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • the possibilities of a rural road standard. Smaller lots on Inspiration Heights would affect the degree of privacy between adjoining properties since units would tend to be on top of each other giving a cramped rather than open feeling. 3. Lindy Canyon The proposal for 23 units would not have much more of an impact than the 21 units proposed under the County plan. Although the area is not developed at this time, the surrounding area is, and therefore the hillsides have already been infringed upon in this area. 4. Regnart Canyon The City plan would allow for only 118 units as opposed to the County plan of: 123. This reduces the original impact but not to a significant degree. Much of the concerns mentioned in the County plan would also apply to the City plan for this area. 5. Seven.Springs Ranch The City plan would have a very significant impact to the Seven Springs Ranch by totally wiping out any form of rural character or transition between the existing valley floor and the hillsides. This proposal • would allow the usual four units per acre on the flat portion of the property and a decrease in density on the hilly portions. The prime agriculture soil and potential for garden plots and horse ownership would be lost entirely at this density. n LJ 6. Upper Foothills The City plan would have a lower impact on the upper foothills area in that there would be almost as many units as permitted under the County plan. Although densities would be increased relative to what exists, the parcels would still be large enough to allow for expanses of: open areas and unobtrusive locations of housing. Most of the existing view would probably not be infringed upon and the rural and almost primitive nature of the hill. areas could be maintained. Hopefully, the lower intensity of development would have less of an impact on the existing points of historical interest and recreational areas in the hill areas and would lower the pressure for development. Considerations of standards for roads and buildings will have an effect on mitigating intrusion into the heavily forested terrain. D. .City/County Plan The City/County plan is a combination of the City proposal for the lower foothill area and the County proposal for the upper foothills. In terms. of character for the foothills, the plan combines the greatest impact to M 81,003.22 July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CHARACTER OF THE HILLSIDES Sthe lower foothills with the greatest impact to the upper foothills which would alter the existing character and semi -rural condition that presently exists. The Church properties, Seven Springs Ranch and the upper foothills are the most affected since the increase in density is so highly contrasted with the existing situation. The more units, the more difficult it would be to maintain the existing rural road system and regulate the building design and standards which would help to absorb the units into the surrounding landscape. E. Maximum Plan The Maximum plan, which is the evaluation of the existing zoning permitted in the hillsides, would have a significant increase to the lower foothill areas on all seven subareas as described. A total of 3,310 units would be permitted as opposed to only 1,741 units under the City plan and 663 units under the County plan. As described in the previous evaluations, the more units, the more impact it would have on the existing character. Under the Maximum plan, any type of character that presently exists would be almost totally lost. In terms of the upper foothills, the Maximum plan would continue the densities as described by the County plan. 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Yta' t�� 7�.� t��+(i•+...�;t� � l �R. .. tic t ih aaj r , Jii 1 .w�(S 4 41 S.vJL�L^ s 11 } )�14%I�( 11t '}^ it 4Y13"itt iii :a i� t� }( l `sk1} Ips t ay.�"�" 11j G'k' il'2 Id :S I\F teYl! Il,�t tA1tt a)t(1"it-Vol1eivs }y.kls tt1,)i. •1 ` Iliils„a x, •• 11; .r -i .'I } tr k(s. k!!t1 T �,t _x 1. .. ,.:}2 r.. .�..,.\�.a ,I. s..t( .tn t. ...s�1J.ai u.t. v. •,+..Tal., d . )'J'4a, .�.,tex, 1. .• .. 4, ,. ••nt <t..:...e31.H :w t•f •� • P. }li.11 Area General Plan 2. LAND USE AND DWELLING UNITS AL/tm 81,003.22 August 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan LA U) USE ------------------------------------------------------------------------- • The following land uses are included in the General Plan for the Hill Area: 1. Mineral Resource Area: This area includes the limestone quarry operated by Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company, several active and dormant gravelquarries, and buffer areas, generally extending to the nearest ridgeline. The buffer areas may have to be extended at the expense of residential areas if: the quarry operations are to expand beyond present limits; such a revision of the General Plan would be initiated through a Use Permit application for extension of quarry areas. 2. Industrial Area: Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Company's Permanente plant. 3. Public Parks and Open Space: a. Stevens Creek County Park (existing). b. Upper Stevens Creek County Park (undeveloped). C. Stevens Creek Flood Plain (owned by Santa Clara valley Water District, used as a park). d. Seven Springs -Older Ranch (Mid -Peninsula Park District), partly outside Cupertino's sphere of influence. e. Black Mountain Open Space Reserve (Mid -Peninsula Park District), partly outside Cupertino's sphere of influence. f. Perham Ranch (Mid -Peninsula Park District), adjacent to but outside Cupertino's sphere of influence. In addition there would be neighborhood parks as a part of future developments in the lower part of the study area, specifically on the Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties. It is concluded that there would be no need for neighborhood parks in the steeper part of the hill area, considering the low density, large lot areas, and easy access to hiking and riding trails. 4. Private Recreation Area: The part of Garrod riding stables located within Cupertino's sphere of influence. This property, including an area within Saratoga's sphere of influence, accommodates an apparently flourishing enterprise, which serves a community need and seems to be a profitable use of the land. Its preservation • should be safeguarded through inclusion in the General Plan. -1- AL/tm 81,003.22 August 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan LAND USE (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 5. Public and Quasi -Public Areas: a. Pacific Gas and Electric Company's substation, located north- west of the railroad spur to Permanente. b. The Gates of Heaven Cemetery located on land belonging to the Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco. The General Plan map does not specify the actual area of the cemetery as possible plans for expansion are undetermined at present. i c. Maryknoll Seminary (actual area unspecified). d. St. Joseph's Seminary (actual area unspecified). e. Montebello School, a small parcel on Montebello Ridge. In addition, development on the Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties may require reservation of sites for elementary schools, depending on the density of the development, general population trends, and policy concerning neighborhood schools or busing. 6. Residential Areas, which would also permit certain non-residential rN recreational uses. These areas are divided into two parts subject • to different density regulations: a. Foothill Residential Area. b. Rural Residential Area. Note: Two earlier Land Use maps are included for comparison: a. Open Space and Conservation Element, adopted by the City of Cupertino in 1972 as an interim measure. b. Conservation -Development Plan of the Montebello Ridge Study Area adopted by Santa Clara County in 1974. 2- .l. Hill Area General Plan NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS AL/tm 81,003.22 81,003.61 April 17, 1975 Rev. AugLSt 8, 1975 Present number of dwelling units and future number of units according to various slope -density formulas are stated .in the attached table. In addi- tion to dwelling units existing November 1, 1974, and an estimate made as part of a study of the road system in the area, five density alternatives have been investigated. Caution: The calculations of number of dwelling units are approximate, due to limitations imposed by map material and lack of funds for computer calcula- tions. For instance, slope -density formulas have been applied to entire properties rather than to grid squares, which in some cases can make a con- siderable difference in permitted number of dwelling units. Also, average slope in parts of the area outside the Urban Service Area have been applied to other areas for which no measurements exist. Existing Dwelling Units: The number within the Urban Service Area is derived from a survey on location by the Cupertino Planning Department. Outside the Urban Service Area, tables in a traffic study* have been utilized; counts have been made partly on USGS maps and partly from air photographs. (Approximations are unavoidable; for instance, it is difficult to distinguish a permanent home from a summer cabin.) Future Number of Dwelling Units According to Jones-Tillson Calculation: The consultants have studied maps and measured steepness, then applied the County's slope -density formulas; 0.4-0.1 DU/acre within rural residential areas (Montebello Ridge); 1.0-0.2 DU/acre within urban residential areas; 0.1 DU/acre in long-term or permanent open space. At the time the study was made several large areas were assumed to be future parks and consequently were not assigned any dwelling units. Also, areas under Williamson contract were not assigned any units. Furthermore, certain Foothill fringe areas were not included. For these reasons, the Jones-Tillson calculations are not directly comparable to the slope -density calculations which follow here. Very Low Density: The "Rural Residential" slope -density formula (0.2-0 DU/acre) has been applied within the Urban Service Area; a much lower density formula (0.05-0 DU/acne, that is 20 acre lots or larger) for the area outside the Urban Service Area. The resulting number of dwelling units is very low. (If a rule permitting * Santa Cruz Mountain Area Road Study, prepared for County of Santa Clara, September 1974, by Jones-Tillson and Associates in collaboration with William Spangle and Associates. AL/tin 81,003.22 81,003.61 April 17, 1975 Rev. August 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------- one dwelling unit on each already established division of property were applied, whether the division was legal. or not and whether it would fulfill established standards or not, the number of dwelling units may be substantially higher.. Presently available map material makes an accurate count difficult.) County Plan: The County Board of Supervisors has adopted s plan with considerably less park areas than previously anticipated. Much of the area 4s designed as long-term open space or permanent open space, but in either case one dwelling unit per 10 acres would be permitted. The Cupertino Planning Department has remeasured the areas outside the Urban Service Area to reflect these changes, and then applied the County's slope - density formula for areas without water and sewer service (0.4-0.1 DU/acre) to the rural residential areas and a density of 0.1 DU/acre to open space and land under Williamson Act contract. (These contracts expire after ten years and future residential development is possible.) The result is approximately a doubling of the number of dwelling units compared to the Jones-Tillson calculation. • Inside the Urban Service.Area, the County's 1.0-0.2 DU/acre slope -density formula for areas with water and scoer service has been applied, but the City's area measurement has been used to insure comparability. City Plan: Outside the Urban Service Area the "Rural Residential" slope -density formula (0.2-0 DU/acre, that is 5 acre lots or larger) has been applied. In areas where the Jones-T:i.11son Report indicates steepness, these measurements have been used. However, steepness was not measured in large areas which at the time of the Report were assumed to be future parks; here the assumption has been made that steepness is the same as the average of the measured area, a very rough approximation. The resulting number of dwelling units is approximately the same as in the Jones-Tillson calculation and about half of the number according to the County's formulas. Within the Urban Service Area, the tentatively adopted -"Foothill Residential" slope -density formula has been applied (4.4-0 DU/acre). City -County Plan: • This is a combination of the City Plan within the Urban Service Area and the County Plan outside this area. As the City Plait permits a higher number of dwelling units within and the County Plan a higher number outside the Urban Service Area, the City -County Plan will result in a higher total number of units in the entire area. -2- AL/tm 81,003.22 81,003.61 April 17, 1975 Rev. August 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.) ---------------------------------- Maximum Plan: The "Maximum Plan" has been added in order to investigate the impact on urban services, particularly the circulation system, of a considerably higher number of dwelling units in the foothill fringe area. The following assumptions for density have been made: a. Within the Urban Service Area and within present City limits: according to present zoning, which varies from R3-2.2 (1.6 dwelling units per gross acre) to Al -43 (one dwelling unit per net acre or about 0.8 units per gross acre). b. Within the Urban Service Area but outside present City limits: Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties 4.4 dwelling units per gross acre, corresponding to RI -7.5 zoning or cluster equivalent; other residential areas 0.9 dwelling units per gross acre, cor- responding to the County Al -40 zoning. C. Hill study area, outside the Urban Service Area: "County Plan" applied. -_� Summary: *Basically present zoning. -3- Outside Urban Service Area Inside Urban Service Area Min. Min. DU acre (Acres DU/acre Acres "Jones-Til.lson" 0.4-0.1 or 0.1 or 0 2.5 1.0-0.2 1.0 "Very Low Density" 0.05-0 20.0 0.2-0 5.0 "County Plan" 0.4-0.1 or 0.1 2.5 1.0-0.2 1.0 "City Plan" 0.2-0 5.0 4.4-0 0.17 "City -County Plan" 0.4-0.1 or 0.1 2.5 4.4-0 0.17 'Maximum Plan'.' 0.4-0.1 or 0.1 2.5 * 1 0.06 *Basically present zoning. -3- AL/tm 81,003.22 8.1.,003.61 April 17, 1975 Rev. August 8, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan 4111 NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (cont'd.) on COmparison Between Alternatives: Within the Urban Service Area: The visual aspect of the Foothill fringe area will be quite different depending on which alternative is chosen. However, when existing and "infilling" dwelling units in the general area are added, it is found that the choice_ of. alternatives (except the "Maximum Plan") has little impact on the need for urban services, except for traffic capacity at a few significant points. Outside the Urban Service Area: Generally, the higher the density is, the impact on terrain, vegetation and wildlife increases, as well as the demand for urban services. However, the impact is not in direct proportion to the density; at the low densities under discussion roads and driveways have more impact than building pads, and the lengths of the former do not increase in proportion to density. The type of development, whether clustered or dis- persed, whether located on the ridgetops or in the valleys, will have much more impact than the overall density, within the range under discussion. - The higher the number of people in the hill area, the stronger the demand for better roads. Increasing development is likely to result in a higher percentage of the population being daily commuters, still more increasing the demand for improving Montebello Road and Stevens Canyon Road in order to • decrease travel time. - All development would be served by wells and septic tanks, so there would be no difference between the alternatives in that respect. • - 4- N r-1 to in V1 I ,N •-I h O ( .o rnrnrn M t -1'-I H I. G C O M 1:' G N O •, O ' ON�7 I 'l. N HN N 00 m O m C T v r -I U N G I G s Z H t� ro ti I M h N O a>i > i G O . 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OPOSE. _.-_P�M:-_S!TES - -AN D ' �-,-_OPEN SPACE AREAS,, UP �7t -4 E X I S T I N G C OMMERCIAL"' OPEN S, -EXIS 171 NG SC11VULb 5dftj()7RROP -SCH P OSED:,, OF'� RT1 �f le- 1=7-- uI_r AS - 4S -- _7 - BOUNDAk _*,+i -t7:*7-7,�',7,7-777,77:TR A N S M I SSION N E S oil -7,7SCENIC"- 11 ROA JNDARN ---iAHLA` -STUDT EA'�BOADAR -i-, 6m M6 i;iii min, W�Ml_ j D', gjl� IDA c _�ZFILL.,eN (5. M-2 Iwo RNA �,_ �_Bffim r.� — �z -1 6 ? rmo , kM t Mi? Im 'M -ff we -4� 0-f�MIL NIX A ;4 Al , �q _4 X2000g,--scALE .�_AL�J 1�7 7� -.7 - ease Mop Cokbined fro(ii US lr =7. _C7 G ef j, �6 Hill Area General Plan HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES 81,003.22 81., 003. ,Iuly 7, 1.975 Hill. Area General Plan LOWPIODERATE INCOME IIOUSI:NG POTENTIAL ------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION I FOOTIilLL STUDY - IMPACT ON )LOUSING COSTS The following study was prepared to analyze the impact of varying minimum lot size requirements associated with Lhe alternative slope -density formulas. The initial intent of this analysis was to determine if low/moderate income housing opportunities would be disproportionately impacted by one or more of the slope - density a.]te.rnatives. Throughout this study it became apparent that the use of this information is very Limited and requisite of several. levels of qualification. However, with full understanding of these limitations, this information can be use- ful in determining minimum thresholds of housing cost and potential for low/ moderate income housing in the foothill areas. This study attempts to view the potential for providing low/moderate income housing by the developer. That is, how much of a density incentive is necessary to cover the losses which the developer faces through construction of units below market price. The assumptions underlying this analysis are detailed in Exhibit F. An examination of these assumptions will illustrate that these figures are not applicable to all possible situations. Rather, they should be viewed as estimates which could vary significantly from one site to another. `• The f.ollo;aing analysis calculates the minimum desirable market price assuming an 8% return on investment. For simplicity, we have only entered in the cost of unimproved land which was or could be ultimately developed into a conventional - single -family tract. The Baxley Court and Hillcrest Road subdivisions are characteristic examples. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that development on large acreage in the hillside areas may be able to purchase the raw laird at a considerably lower price and thereby realize greater profit if developed and marketed at the existing rates. Estimating the cost of land and housing in the hillsides is complicated by the infrequency of large lot sales. We have to assume that our figures represent a high estimate of the minimum price of housing offered by the private market. Ih the following table the minimum price at which the private market would offer housing in the foothill area is estimated to be $63,000 assuming a medium quality home. Exhibit A details the components of a medium and high quality home. -1- 8].,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan LOW/MODERATE INCOM HOUSING POTENTIAL ----------------------------------------- TABLE I LOT SIZE 1AIPACT ON DWELLING UNIT COST Lot .Size in Acres (units per acre) Costs Exhibits* -L or less (4.4) Unit Quality 1,1edium High 1 (1.0) Unit Quality Medium Hi.n 4+ (.25 - 0.0) Unit Quality Medium i?if�h Structure A $35,000 $54,600 $35,000 $54,600 $ 35,000 $ 54,600 Improvementsl 8 4,000 4,000 6,000 6,000 20,000 20,000 Fees .d Charges2 C 1,700 1,800 3,200 3,200 8,700 8,800 Land 1) 22,300 22,300 26,300 26,300 42,600 42,600 (Unimproved)1 Tota14 $63,000 $82,700 $70,500 $90,100 $106,300 $126,000 *For detailed figures and sources see Appendix, exhibits as indicated. Footnotes fable I: 1. Assuming an average frontage of 80 ft. for ' acre or less, 120 ft. for 1 acre, and 400 ft. for 4+ acres, at a typical improvement cost ..of $50 per front foot. The $50 figure was obtained from estimates made by. the Public lNTorks Department. 2. Rounded to the nearest hundred. 3. Unimproved land cost for the '4 acre parcels was determined by deducting estimated improvement cost from the sales price of fully improved parcels. 4. The figures have been rounded, the exact figures are provided in t • the Appendi.x.Exhibits. -2- 81,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1.975 Hill Area Gcneral Plan LOW/HODLILITL MCOML MOUSING POTLhTIAL ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------- Table II illustrates a gross approximation of: the number of duelling units which would be permitted within the alternative slope -density formulas. A conversion to acres per dwelling unit has been provided for conversion into approximate land cost. See Lxhibi.t L, "Table II - Addendum" for further translation of these figures into home sales prices. TABLE II neralI It.r. NNTTS IN HILLSIDE STUDY AREA Within Urban County Plan City Plan Very Low Density City -County Plan Maximum plan Service Area Acres DU DU/ac ac/DU DU DU/nc ac/DU DU DU/ac ac/DU DU DU/nc ac/DU DU DU/ac ac/DU Church Property 300 258 0.86 1.16 728 2.43 0.41 51 0.7.7 5.88 728 2.43 .41 1,320 4.4 .23 Foothill Fringe 288 125 0.43 2.30 337 1.17 0.85 19 0.07 15.16 .337 1.17 .85 1,045 3.6 '.28 Lindy Canyon 40 21 0.52 1.90 23 0.57 1.74 4 0.10 10.00 23 0.58 1.72 32 0.8 1.25 Regnart Canyon 344 123 0.36 2.80 118 0.34 2.92 38 0.11 9.05 118 0.34 2.94 275 0.8 1.25 Seven Springs 145 136 0,94 1.06 535 3.69 0.27 26 0.18 5.56 535 3.69 .27 638 4.4 .23 Sub -total 1,11.7 663 0.59 1.68 1,741 1.56 0.64 138 0.12 8.09 1,741 1.56 .64 3,310 3.0 .34 Outside Urban Service Area - PermanenteFO.02 (approximate) 2,600 156 0.06 16.67 15 0.01 173 156 0.06 16.7 156 0.06 ].6.7 Stevens CreekReservoir Area 1.,700 113 6.07 15.04 19 0.01 89 113 0.07 14.3 113 0.07 14.3 "ontebello Ridge 3,200 464 0.15 6.90 199 0.0G 16.08 50 0.02 64 464 0.15 6.7 464 0.15 6.7 Upper Stevens 800 100 0.13 8.00 71 0.09 11.27 18 0.02 44 100 0.13 7.7 100 0.13 7.7 Canyon Sub -total 8,300 833 0.10 9.96 406 0.05 20.44 102 0.01 81 833 0.1.0 10.0 833 0.10 10.0 2,574 0.,27 3.66 4,143 0.43 2.27 TOTAL 9,417 ].,496 0.16 6.29 2,3.47 0.23 4.J9 240 0.03 39 twrr.nrn spnere of influence) 3- 8:1.,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hil.l. Area General. Plan LOW /MODI" RAT E INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL --------------------------------- --------------•----------------------- Exhibit E summarizes the market price of future homes in the foothill areas based upon site area per lot. That is, by dividing the dwelling units allowed under each plan (Table II) into the approximate acreage you will obtain the number of acres devoted to each dwelling unit. This technique allows us to identify the potential. market price available to a development divided into a conventional. lot split fashion. If the potential price on the more costly detached development is, recognized the feasibility of subsidized units will not be over. emphasized. Table I11summarizes the content of Exhibit E, explaining the number and price range of: units by area. Each of: the three plans limit development densities outside the Urban Service Area to an equivalent of 6 acres per unit to 1.00 acres per unit consisting of a price range above $1.00,000 per unit. Table III excludes all areas outside of the Urban Service Area as without potential for low/moderate income units. Table III summarizes the number of homes by unit price which could conceivably be provided under each slope -density formula. . TA13LE I1:I COST OF HOUSING - SUMMARY WITHIN URBAN SERVICE AREA (See Exhibit E) Potential. for Low/Moderate Market Level Number of. Units jllcome Uinj.ts Price P.ange* County City Low City -County Maximum Some Potential $ 63,000-$ 83,000 -0- 535 -0- 535 3,003 70,000- 90,000 394 1,065 -0- 1,065 307 Little or No Potential 90,000- 106,000+ 269 141 -0- 141 -0- No Potential 106,000- 126,000 833 406 240 406 833 Elie price range levels have been rounded to the nearest thousand to aid simplicity. These figures indicate that the City proposed slope -density formula offers the greatest potential for some low/moderate income units. The units indicating some potential are located as follows: is>4 -4- • -4 11 M Hill Area Gencral Plan LOW/1,10DERA'TE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL ------------------------------------- TA13LE IV 81,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 1. The law density plan offers no potential for low/moderate income units. 2. The foothills area offers the least potential due to its fragmented small lot ownership pattern. Table I, however, indicates that it is feasible for the developer to con- struct some relatively moderately priced units ($63,000-$70,000) on a 1 acre or less lot sire equivalent. It is assumed that this could only be achieved with the smaller single-family detached unit, through clustering or in the form of condominiums. Some units are presently being marketed at $66,000-$78,000, near the foothills. Otherwise, the only means of - providing some "moderately" priced units is through regulation. If a density incentive were sufficient enough it might be conceivable for the developer to construct some moderately priced units (approximately $50,000 range). However, it is expected that such an approach would encourage the developer to boost up the price (price shift) on the remaining units to compensate for the "loss". Low income units require an even greater price shift and density bonus. The next section will discuss this feasibility. -5- LOW/MODERATE. HOUSING POTENTIAL BY AREA (The numbers represent total potential units to which a percentage require-, ment may be applied.) Plan Typel Area County City City/CoumLy Maximum Church Property 285 728 728 1,320 Foothill Fringe2 -0- 337 337 1,045 Regnart Canyon -0- -0- -0- 275 Seven Springs 136 535 535 638 TOTAL 421 1,600 1,600 3,278 1. The law density plan offers no potential for low/moderate income units. 2. The foothills area offers the least potential due to its fragmented small lot ownership pattern. Table I, however, indicates that it is feasible for the developer to con- struct some relatively moderately priced units ($63,000-$70,000) on a 1 acre or less lot sire equivalent. It is assumed that this could only be achieved with the smaller single-family detached unit, through clustering or in the form of condominiums. Some units are presently being marketed at $66,000-$78,000, near the foothills. Otherwise, the only means of - providing some "moderately" priced units is through regulation. If a density incentive were sufficient enough it might be conceivable for the developer to construct some moderately priced units (approximately $50,000 range). However, it is expected that such an approach would encourage the developer to boost up the price (price shift) on the remaining units to compensate for the "loss". Low income units require an even greater price shift and density bonus. The next section will discuss this feasibility. -5- 81,003. 22 81.,003.61 July 7, 1.975 Hill Area General Plan LOW/MODERATE' 1NCOi1E HOUSING POTE-WTIAL ------------------------------------- SECTION II FOOTHILL. AREA - LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPOR'1'IMITY POTEPTIAL Exhibit G, "Low/Moderate Income Housing Opportunities", details the computa- tions used to analyze the potential for low/moderate income housing in the hillside areas. The figures illustrate that a family of "moderate" income in Cupertino ($15,131 gross :income) could afford a home priced at approximately $38,000 (i.e. 22 times income); and a "low" income household ($9,457 gross income) could afford housing priced at $24,000 (i.e. 22 times income). In order to objectively analyze the potential for low/moderate income housing it is necessary to evaluate the ability to reduce housing costs to a level within reach of the low or moderate income group. The previous analysis attempted to evaluate the market price of future develop-. went. It assumed that a developer will. attempt to maximize his profit, seeking the highest price which the market will. bear. In calculating this price we were forced to only consider, the cost of single lots presently for sale in the hillside fringe. The availability of these lots is limited, attributing to an inflated price. It is reasonable to assume that :if a developer bought up and marketed a standard subdivision, cluster development or condominium that he would be able to market them at a lower price. In fact, it is questionable whether a sufficient market exists in this area for homes exclusively priced at $80,000 and over.. Presently, two new standard subdivisions, Ponderosa de Anza and Montebello West, are being marketed from $66,000 to.$77,000. Table I indicates a price range of $63,000 to $82,700 for a 4 acre or less lot. Assuming that the $63,000 is an accurate figure, representing the minimum price at which a developer would consider con- structing units we can work backwards to the potential for moderate or low income units. The following breakdown of housing development costs is provided as the basis for our assumptions: -6- 81,003.27_ 81,003.6.1 July 7, 1975 Bill. Area General Plan LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL ------------------------------------- TABLE V RESIDENTIAL COMPONENT COST ANALYSIS "AW.RAGE HOME" Land 20-25 Labor 25 Materials 25 Profit 8 Miscellaneous 17 100 Source: .Associated Building Industry of Northern California Southern Division, 345 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, California, (March, 1975) - Using an 8% race of profit on the investment we can assume that the developer would break even if the 8% profit margin was deducted from the sales price. Minimum Market Price $63,000 Overhead and Profit (8`/,) -5,040 Break Even Price $57,970 rounded to $58,000 This figure assumes only an 8% markup on the land. The actual markup may exceed this figure substantially. Therefore, if: the City of Cupertino develops a density incentive requirement, how much of an increase would be necessary to insure that the remaining units would not have to bear a disproportionate burden? The following subtraction illustrates the subsidy amount:' Minimum Break Even Price $58,000 Maximum Moderate Income Price -38,000 (rounded) Subsidy Amount $20,000/unit 81.,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area Ceneral Plan L041/1.10DERATE INCOItE HOUSING POT'EN'TIAL ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Simply put this means that a requirement: for 10% moderate income units should be counter balanced by a,densi.ty increase to offset the developer's loss. The following table displays this relationship: TABLE VI MODERATE CASE EY -NAPLES BASE PROJECT SIZE = 100 UNITS CASE I (MODERATE) NO SUBSIDIZED UNITS Market Priced Homes Subsidized Homes Total Number of Units 100 -0- 7.00 Price $63,000+ N/A Profit Rate (8%) 5,000/unit x 100 _ Total Profit $500,000 $500,000 CASE II (MODERATE) 1.0% Moderate Income Units No Price Shift 50% Density Increase Required Market Priced Homes Subsidized homes Total. Number of Units 140 10 150 Price $63,000+ $38,000 Profit Rate (8%) 5,000/unit -20,000/unit x 140 x 10 Total Profit $700,000 -200,000 $500,000 CASE III (MODERATE) 10% Moderate Income Units 15% Limited Density Increase 51.200 Price Suitt Reauired - 8- Market Priced Homes Subsidized Homes Total Number of. Units 105 10 11.5 Price $63,000+ $38,000 Profit Rate (3%) 5,000/unit -20,000/unit x,105 x 10 Total Profit $525,000 -200,000 $325,000 Price Shift Required $1.75,000 X1.75,000 = 105 $1,667/unit Total Profit after Price Shift 500,000 - 8- r. 81,003.'22 81,003.01 July 7, 7.975 Hill Area General. Plan LOW/MODERA'1'liINCO� lEHOUSINGPOTENTIAL -- - In Case I, no subsidized units are provided. Case 11 provides density increases for the subsidized units requiring no price shift to compensate losses. The density increase required to achieve this state is 50%. Case II.I utilized a density increase limited to 15% requiring a price shift of $1.,667/unit. The above table illustrates that with a moderate income unit requirement of 10%, and a density incentive of. 1.5%, tine developer will almost certainly shift- the remaining burden to the unsubsidized units, raising their price approximately $1,667 per unit. With higher price shifts, the density incentive can be layered accordingly. For instance; a price shift of $2,368 would enable the density increase to be l:imitcd to 5% for a total of 105 units. A price shift of $2,778 per unit in a 1.00 unit pr.ojcct: would eliminate the need for density incentives. Assuming a low $63,000 base sales price and sales prices of moderate quality homes in the Cupertino area, it does appear that the existing market could reasonably absorb an increase of $2,778/unit. Income Unit Potential You may recall from Exhibit G that a low income family could afford housing limited to $23,643 in price. If we round this off: to $24,000/unit, a subsidy of approximately $34,000/unit ($58,000-$24,000) will be necessary to maintain the developer's profit. 'translating this :into the two Case examples reads as follows: TABLE VII CASE I - LOW INCOME 10% LOid INCOME UNITS 78% DE:.NSITY INCENTIVE - NO PRICE SHIFT t Priced homes Subsidized }fomes 'Dotal Number of Units 1.68 10 178 Price $63,000+ Profit Rate (8%) $ 5,000 -$34,000/unit x 1.68 x 10 Total Profit $840,000 -$340,000 $500,000 81,003.22 81,003. 6.1. July 7, 1975 Hill. Arca General ]'].an LOIN'/PIODBRATE INCOME DOUSING POTENTIAL, ------------------------------------- CASE LI - LOIN' INCOME' 10% LOIN' INCOME UNITS 15% DENSITY INCREASE - $3,000 PRIC17 SHIFT Market Priced ]Ionics Subsi.d:Lzed homes Number. of Units 1.05 1.0 Price, $63,000 $24,000 Profit Pate (8%) $ 5,000 -$34,000 Number of Units x 105 x 10 Net Profit $525,000 -$340,000 Deficit Price Increase/Unit Total. Profit $315,000o-105 $3,000 $315,000 +185,000 Total 115 $185,000 $500,000 In Case I, a density incentive of approximately 78% would be necessary to offset the expected :Loss from 10% low income units. In Case II, a price increase of $3,000/unit plus a 1.5% density incentive would be. necessary to provide 10% low income units. The following table summarizes these relationships: -1.0- 81.,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan 1.011/HODERATE INCC)ME- HOUSING POTENTIAL . TABLL VIII BASE PROJECT SIZE = 100 UNITS* Subsidized Non -Subsidized The above table summarizes that there is some potential for low/moderate .income units with some unavoidable tradeoffs. The feasibility of low/moderate plans with price increases assumes that the private market will bear the additional cost. On the other nand, the density increases might only be applicable on the hillside fringe where the land is relatively flat and able to absorb the density increases of 15%, 50% or 78%. Although these tables are restricted to separate moderate and low situations, the reader is encouraged to imagine a project with a combination of low and moderate income units. Such a combination would require a different subsidized price/unit, and/or density increase,. somewhere between the parameters outlined in Table VIII. . While the above analysis has concent'r.ated on allowing density increases and price shifts, a third technique may be allowed to offset losses associated with the below market priced units (termed the "no frills" .approach) . The following section wi.l.l discuss this option. -1.7.- Total. Density Units Increased Units Incentive Moderate Low Price/Unit No Plan 100 -0- -0- -0- -0- Moderate-Case 1 150 .50% 10 -0- -0- Moderate-Case 1:I 115. 157 10 -0- $1.,667 Low -Case I 178 78% -0- 10 -0- Low-Case II 115 15% -0- 10 $3,000 *A11 plans maintain a profit rate of $500,000 or $5,000/unit on a 100 unit development. The above table summarizes that there is some potential for low/moderate .income units with some unavoidable tradeoffs. The feasibility of low/moderate plans with price increases assumes that the private market will bear the additional cost. On the other nand, the density increases might only be applicable on the hillside fringe where the land is relatively flat and able to absorb the density increases of 15%, 50% or 78%. Although these tables are restricted to separate moderate and low situations, the reader is encouraged to imagine a project with a combination of low and moderate income units. Such a combination would require a different subsidized price/unit, and/or density increase,. somewhere between the parameters outlined in Table VIII. . While the above analysis has concent'r.ated on allowing density increases and price shifts, a third technique may be allowed to offset losses associated with the below market priced units (termed the "no frills" .approach) . The following section wi.l.l discuss this option. -1.7.- I �• 81,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area General Plan LOW/MODERATI: INCOME HOUSING POTI3NTIAl. ----------------------------------- C--r-----.-- -- No Frills Option: Another option for the provision of low/moderate income housing involves the construction of. a "no-frills" unit to be marketed and sold at a moderate or low cost. This approach could possibly utilize a smaller unit, substituting inexpensive materials and deleting unnecessary options (e.g. fireplaces, tile counter tops and floors, optional kitchen appliances, .etc.) which are not deemed necessary for the day to day living and functioning of the unit. This approach may also utilize a smaller lot size to realize even greater cost savings on the low/moderate income unit. Care should be taken to locate the "no -frill" units randomly throughout the development so as not: to emphasize their existence. There are two techniques which may be used for the marketing of this type of unit. 1. Conventional marketing techniques: The first approach may simply be to allow. the developer to market the unit in a conventional manner, making no attempt to control the ultimate sale price. Such an approach would be subject to the typical, market forces which influence the housing market. For instance, this approach would make no attempt to distinguish between bonafide homeowners and speculators or high income families primarily motivated by the location of the unit. Therefore, there would be no assurance that the no --frill unit will actually be inhabited by either low or moderate income families. 2. Governmental regulation of resale: The second approach is for the City to strictly regulate the sale and resale of the unit over its economic life span to qualified low/moderate: income families. In this case, the unit would be: allowed to resale at the initial sale price plus the fair market value of any improvements plus a multiplier equal to the Housing Consumer Price Index, for the Bay Area. Such a restriction could be recorded on the grant deed as Palo Alto does. The City of Palo Alto controls the resale of such units for a period of 59 years. Combinations of density increases and no-frills promises toIreduce the required level of density incentives or price shifts necessary to offset a developers costs of providing low/moderate income units. An example of such a combination which has been constructed in Palo Alto is provided in Exhibit H of this section. 'Through the divi_si.on of: two standard size lots and the construction of an ownership "duplex" type of unit, the developer was able to provide four moderate income units on a 29 -unit project. Hill Area General plan LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL Al-------------------------------------- I 81 ,003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 SECTION III IMPLEMENTING AND APPLYING THE REQUIREMENT Basically, there are two possible policy options to be considered regarding implementation of: a low/moderate housing requirement: 1. The requirement for a minimum percentage of low/moderate income units may be.appli.ed to all projects above a certain number of. units. The City of Palo Alto's "negotiation" process presently affects all projects of 20 units or greater, application of the "requirement" to projects of 10 units or more is being considered. 2. The second approach attempts to be cognizant of those areas where any density increase severely impacts the environment. That is, those areas with steep slopes requiring large lot sizes could be exempted from the requirement: for low/moderate income units. This concept would be con- sistent with the economic facts which indicate that as the minimum lot size increases the feasibility or practicality of low/moderate income units decreases. Table II displays the equivalent acres/dwelling unit associated with the various alternative plans. As the table shows all plans require relatively large acreage in the area outside of the Urban Service Area. Therefore, application of any requirement: to only those project's above a certain number of units and within the Urban Service Area appears reasonable as wel L as equitable. Should the "Requirement" be Mandatory or Negotiable? Presently, the City of Palo Alto approach is "negotiable". Again there are two.vi.ewpo:i.nts which have to be considered. First, from the developer's point of view it is desirable to leave the options as open as possible .leaving room for "reason" in areas where he will argue that it is not practical. On the other band, fair housing advocates may point to the inadequacy of the negotiation process. Since the developer must be forced to provide for lova/moderate income units it seems reasonable to assume that he will. under- estimate the maximum potential which can be realized. In light of the infancy of these types of programs and the unique situation which will occur upon each development it seems reasonable to set parameters to be followed in a negotiation setting. Following the negotiation/parameter approach the General Plan may be amended as indicated below. This example is not meant: to suggest percentages. Our only purpose is to illustrate how a policy statement may read: -13- 6.1,003.'22 61. , 003. 6.1. July 7, 1975 Hill Arca Gcnera.l. Plan LOW/MOPERA'I'G INCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL -------------------------------------------------------------------- UAHPLI? POLICY STATEMENT PROVISION OF LOW/MODERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES To encourage and provide housing for all. income categories, all housing developments of greater than units within the Urban Service Area shall be required to provide at least low/moderate income housing units. The exact percent of units provided shall be subject to negotia- tions with the City. The negotiations shall take into consideration the total number of units proposed to be constructed, the topography of the site, accessabi.l.i.ty and any unique characteristics, which may influence the desiiabili.ty or reasonableness of providing said units. In such cases the developer may exercise the option of providing an interiorly "basic" unit type, as well. as increasing the overall project density by as much as 1.5% to offset costs associated with the below market units. -. Who Will Occupy tire Units? Although it will be necessary to double check many of the legal technicalities associated with this type of program it initially seems reasonable to establish certain qualifications for occupants of the units. In the Palo Alto example they have restricted applicants only to families which can obtain a bankable loan. Secondly, their selection criteria established the following order of priority: 1st Priority: Residents of 2 years or more. 2nd Priority: People who live or work in the, City 3rd Priority: All other eligible applicants. The above criteria could be amended to give f:irsL priority to residents of: 2 years or more of a certain income who also work in the City. How Can the Resale of: the Units be Cori trolled? Again, in the Palo Alto program the resale is controlled for a period of 59 years (defined as the economic li.fe of Lhe unit:) through a grant deed restric- tion. If the owner attempted to sell outside of the City determined procedure the title search would expose the deed restriction. -14- I A 81,003.22 81.,003. G1 July 7, 1975 Hill Area General Plan LOid/MODERATE INCOi•ili ]MUSING POTENTIAL ------------------------------------------------ SECTION IV llEVELOPMIN'C SIZE THRESHOLD LEVELS The final consideration in reviewing the potential for low/moderate income unit requirements on new development is to review the minimum project size affected by the requirement. The City of Palo Alto presently applies their '.voluntary" requirement to all. projects containing 20+ units.Requiring 10% moderate on a 20 unit project. works out as follows: $57,000/unit _ x 20 $1,140,000 x .08 ;91,200 If 2 units lose $20,000 each then $40,000 must be compensated; if a 15%. density bonus is allowed t:lien the developer will realize an additional $1.5,000 from the 3 additional units (i.e. $5,000/unit) leaving only $25,000 to be disbursed among the rmuaining 21 unsubsidized units or $25,000 21 = $1,190/unit rounded to $1,200. Therefore, regardless of project 'size., the density incentive, price shift tradcof:f ratios will still be necessary. The following table sununarizes these relationships: TABLE IX DENSITY INCREASE/PRICE SHIFT SUa4ARY Non -Subsidized Subsidized Units Unit Price Increase Density Incentive Moderate Low (Price Shi.f.t) _, Moderate 50% 10% -0- -0- (100 units) 15% 10% -0- $1,667 Low 78% -0- 10% -0- (1.00 units) 35% 10% $3,000 Moderate 1.5% 10% -0- $1,200 (20 units) 81.,003.22 81,003.6.1. July 7, 1975 Hill Arca General Plan LOId/MODEIL1TG INCOME HOUSING POTLNTIAL • ----------------------------------------------------- SECTION V SUMMARY The review conducted here has purposely attempted to conservatively estimate the ability of the private market to provide low/moderate income housing units assuming that the developer wi.l.l not willingly absorb any loss from the development. The study utilized only an 8% profit margin which in a time with appi.oximately 12% inflation seems somewhat conservative and unlikely. Because the realistic profit ratio is most likely well above 8%, the dollar amount which can be deducted without developer expense can probably be increased, thus decreasing the margin which must be made up with density increases or price shifts. Furthermore, since the study showed that moderate quality homes can be provided at around $63,000, and the private market is realizing prices closer to $67,000, it appears reasonable to assume that the demand for housing can absorb the price shifts associated with lower density bonuses. A unit requirement should be restricted.to a negotiation process providing that a minimum percent requirement is met. • Finally, application of: either a low/moderate income unit requirement on new dev,,lopment should not be restricted to excl.usively the hillside areas. Father., the potential for fulfillment of: this type of requirement on the valley floor would Logically seem to be easier. Upon direction from your Commission the staff will draft a specific policy statement and program description incorporating the details necessary to implement such a requirement. The following snap attempts to identify those areas where potential exists for implementation of this strategy. Identification of the precise parcels affected will depend upon the plan selected. -16- 83. , 003. 22 81, 003. 6.1 July 7, 1975 11111 Area Ceneral Plan LOW/I'tODERATE INCOME: HOUSING PO'1'FVTT'IAT, APP END I X Exhibit A - Base Structure Cost Exhibit B - Land Improvement Cost Exhibit C - Development Fees and Charges Exhibit D - Unimproved Lot Cost Exhibit- E - Table II - Addendum, Cost of: Housing Exhibit F - (Assumptions) Exhibit G - Low/Modcrate Income housing Opportunities Exhibit H - Palo Alto Exunpl.e 81,003.22 81.,003.61 July 7, 3.975 Hill. Area Gcncral. Plan LOW/MOIDRATE INCOME HOUSING POTENT:CAI. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT A — BASE STRUCTURE COST, Source: Real. Estate Rescar.ch.Counci.l of Northern California — Real Estate Quarterly Report, Vol. 26, No. 4, "Housing Cost Index" January 1, 1975 Medium Quality 1,395 sq. ft. 74 sq, ft. porch 435 sq. ft. garage walkways 760 sq. ft. driveway $25.06 sq. ft.2 $34,954 - rounded to: $35,000 for the purpose of this study Overhead and Prof.it3: $5,150 October 1. 1974 High Quality 1.,750 sq. ft. 32 sq. ft. porch 484 sq. ft. garage walkways 800 sq. ft. driveway 31.18 sa. ft.2 $54,569 — rounded to: $54,600 for the purpose of this study Overhead and Profit3: $8,190 1. Includes builders markup. 2. Square footage cost difference is highly influenced by the introduction of finished carpentry, appliances and general quality of: materials. 3. Overhead and profit is calculated as approximately 15% of base structure cost. 81 003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill. Arca General Plan LOW/HODFRATEINCOME HOUSING POTENTIAL - - E%HILIT 13 - LAND D4PROVEMENT COST. Source: Extracts from the Seal Estate Research Council of Northern California - "Land Iiuprovemcnt Costs" IITI�ni.cal." 1lnprovemc:nts* April 1, 1974 per lot- front foot $45-$65 1972 per lot front foot $40-$55 1970 per lot front foot $35-$45 *Includes everything associated with preparing the lot: for construction (eg. grading, fill., sub -base:, paving, street i.mprovements). The Public Works Department estimates that $50 per front lot foot is a reasonable figure at this time in the City of. Cupertino. r. Hill Area General flan LOId/MODEItATE INCOMh IIOUSIUG 1'0TL'N'T.AL HMI:BIT C - DEVE1,01?MM FEES AND CHARGE'S Structure Cost $35,000 $:14,600 81,003.2.2 81,003.61, July 7, 1975 Building Department: Pees $156 $ 625 $2,500 Cons Lruction Tax 150.00 720 150.00 Plumbing, Gas, Electric, 200 225 250 Inspection 100.00 $1,570 100.00 Building Permit 1.42.00 195.00 Plan Check Fee 71.00 97.50 Strong Motion Tax (State Tax $.07/$1,000) 2.45_ _ 3.85 Subtotal- _ $465.45 $546.35 4 acre 1 acre 4+ acre Public Forks Storm Drain Feel $195 $ 780 $1,950 Plan Check & Inspection Street Improvements 200 300 1.,00() Indirect City Expense 30 _ 45 150 Subtotal $425 $1,125 $3,100 Cupertino Sanitary District Acreage Fee ($625/acre) $156 $ 625 $2,500 Front Footage2 480 720 2,400 Lateral Fcc3 200 225 250 Subtotal $836 $1,570 $5,150 Total Fees and Charges Structure Cost Lot Size acre 1 acre 4-4- acre $35,000 $1,726 $3,160 $8,715 $54,600 $1,807 $3,241 $8,796 I - 211 acre maximum allocated charge. 2 - Composed of an average fee for connecting to existing sewers or installation of new sewers, at $6.00/front lot hoot. 3 - Lateral fees normally range from $200-$250 per lot. 81.,003.22 81.,003.01. July 7, 1.975 Hill Area General. I'l.in LOW/NODF.RAT1's INCOME 110USING PUPENfIAL ------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- BXHIP,IT D - UNIPIPEOVED 1,01' COST Sources: 1. Santa Clara County Assessor's Office 2. Pri.v,,Ae Realtors in Cupertino area, Multiple Listing Service - Lots in Cupertino, Saratoga, and Los Altos Hills area. 3. Private sales of lots in Cupertino area 4 acre or less (all Cupertino) Price Average. Price $ 21,500 31,490 32,430 27,730 23,500 23,500 .23,500 23,500 29,500 $236,650 A 9 = $26,300 s - Saratoga lah - Los Altos Hills I acre 4+ acre (Cupertino & Saratoga) (Cupertino & Los Altos Hills) Price Average Price Price Average Price $ 1.7,000 $ 48,000 28,000 35,850 28,000 44,000 fah 2.8,000" 23,850s 37,000``' 22,000s $183,850 7 � $26,264 $127,850 = 3 = $42,616 The land cost per site wi.l.1 vary widely depending upon the potential for devel.op- meat and the lot: siie. Because of the high improvement costs associated w:i.t.h 81,003."27 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area Gcneral. Plan 1 LOW/DI01 ERATG-J.NCOHEHOUSLNG POTENTI-AL EXHIISTT D (cont'J.) --------------------------------- --------------- large unimproved sUbdi.visi.on sites the cost per lot will be substantially less. For the purposes of this study we will. assume that each lot will retail. at the price which the market is willing to pay for a single lot with only minor. improvements. Also, it is important to note some of the observations of the tax assessors working in this area. Their primary observation, which the sales prices bear out, is that other facturs besides parcel size weigh heavily in the asking price (eg. buildable area, view, etc.). Therefore, the actual cost of a single-family lot does not vary sip,nificantly with parcel size. 1 14 V (! a Hill. Area General Pleur LOW1110DI:IIATE INCOME' 110USING POT'EN'TIAL ------------------------------------- EAl11.L'IT E TABLE I1 - ADDENDUM COST OF HOUSING 81.,003.22. 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Subtotal 394 70- 90+ 535 63- 83 138 106-126+ 535 63- 83 3,003 63- 83 269 90-106 728 Very Low City -County - 337 70- 90 Within Urban County Plan CiCv Plan Ucnsity 90-106 Plan Maxiioum Plan Service Area DU 1,000 $ DU 1,000 $ DU 1,000 $ DU 1,000 $ DU 1,000 $ Church 285 70- 90+ 728 70- 83+ 51 1.06-12.6+ 728 70- 83+ 1,320 63- 83 Foothills 125 90-106 337 70- 90 19 106-126+ 337 70- 90 1,045 63- 83 Lindy Canyon 21 90-106 23 90-106 4 106-1.26-1- 23 90-106 32 70- 90 Regnart Canyon 123 90-106 118 90-106 38 1.06-1.26+ 118 90-1.06 275 70- 90 Seven Springs 1.36 70- 90 535 63- 83 26 106-126+ 535 63- 83 638 63- 83 Subtotal 394 70- 90+ 535 63- 83 138 106-126+ 535 63- 83 3,003 63- 83 269 90-106 728 70- 83 728 70- 83 307 70- 90 337 70- 90 337 70- 90 147. 90-106 141 90-106 Outside Urban Area Service Area Permanente 156. 106-126+ 62 106-1261- 15 106-126+ 62 106-126+ 156 106-126+ Stevens Crock 1 1. 13 106-126+ 74 106-126+ 19.. 106-126+ 14 106-1261- 113 106-126+ Montebello 464 106-126+ 199 106-126+ 50 106-1261- 199 106-126+ 464 106-126+ Upper Stevens Canyon 100 1.06-126+ 71 106-126+ 18 106-12G+ 71 106-126+ 100 106-126+ Subtotal 833 106-126+ 406 106-1.261 102 106-3.26+ 406 106-126+ 833 106-1261 k acre 1 acre 4+ acre $63,000-83,000 $70,000-90,000 $106,000-126,000 81.003.22 81,003.61 July 7, 1975 Hill Area Guncral Plan 1,014/1.10MRAT'H INCOME NOUSING POTENTIAL ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT li (ASSUMPTIONS) This analysis was predicated on the following assumptions: 1. The landowners in the hillside areas will attempt to maximize the potential speculative value of their. property. Therefore, their ultimate development decision will. subdivide and develop the property according to the highest price the market will bear.. In any case, the property owner will not willingly market his investment at less than this price. 2. This analysis assumes that the prevailing market price is equal to or exceeds the price which a single unit lot would cost to develop. This is a reasonable and necessary assumption because the multitude of lots on the market are single -unit lots, and they have a greater likelihood of reflecting the prevailing market: price. It also seems likely that although a developer may be able to reduce his costs through clustering that lie will not reduce his price below what: the market will bear. 3. Average frontages for the three lot sizes had to be assumed. 4. That if given a free choice, a builder would prefer to market a higher quality 1,750 sq. ft. home as opposed to the moderate quality 1,395 sq. 'ft. home. 81 003.2), 81,003.61 July 7, 1.975 Hill. Area General flan LOWIMODERATE INCOME HOUSING POT1iNTIAI. EXHIBIT G - LOW/1,10DERATE INCOME HOUSING OPPORTUNITII'S San Jose S?1SA estimate 1974 Median Family Income $16,496 Source: Section 8, Family Income Limit Computations (11-22-74) Economic and Parket Analysis Division of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development 1970 San Jose SMSA (1970 Census Population & Housing) $12,456 1970 Cupertino (Profile 70) $14,282 (Cupertino income multiplier) 1.146596 1.146596 x $16,496 = '18,914 18,914 x .80 = 15,131 moderate incoi iie x .50 = 9,457 low income 15,131 x 2.5 = 37,828 moderate income home cost 9,457 x 2.5 = 23,643 low income home cost. $U dVN1 7139 NOILVIINIMOD 2109 TT f_ h.I�_ •__ —4- __ __'` / ,...- I w r r e' ;I rtr5/ < �\ �// t-.• (�.gg//�C ,. 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Vairu6•..�_ •... - - rc_ _i i_� �_f�/3+aF`L��._ — i r-� Hill Area General Plan CIRCULATION AL/tm 81,003.22 86,021.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CIRCULATION • ---------------------- West Side Traffic Study The City has employed Don Goodrich, Traffic Consultant, to calculate traffic volumes in the area west of the Southern Pacific railroad track and to analyze various aspects of the traffic situation in that area. His calcula- tions are based on the number of dwelling units resulting from the adopted General Plan for the "Infilling" area and the "City Plan" for the hill study area, with both areas fully built up to the holding capacity permitted by respective plans. Through traffic is assumed at a projected 1995 level. In addition, Don (,00drich has compiled a set of factors in ,order to enable the City staff to calculate the effect of alternatives with varying density assumptions, in a way consistent with his "City Plan" calculations. Don Goodrich's report is enclosed. The following text, by the City staff, is mainly concerned with descriptions of the several alternatives. Table numbers refer to the City staff's report, unless "Goodrich repnrt" is .indicated. Table 1 states the number of dwelling units in the traffic study area (which is larger than the hill study area) for the following alternatives, in order of increasing density: (1) "Existing"; (2) "Very Low Density"; (3) "County Plan"; (4) "City Plan"; (5) "City/County Plan"; (6) "Maximum Plan". "Difference" is the number of units in each alternativeminus the corresponding number in the • "City Plan". The assumptions on which the calculation's have been based are stated in the chapter "Introduction to Alternatives". Table 2 is an expansion of Goodrich's Table 5, and shows the range of traffic volume (in one direction) and lane demand -(for both directions) for varying service levels. For instance, Service Level D in a two-lane road occurs between 634.375 and 678.125 vehicles per hour in one direction and between lane demands of 1.8125 and 1.9375. (Numbers are not rounded, as this some- times would affect service level.) "Half -levels" have been introduced, as Goodrich uses them in evaluation of the roads. The table assumes that Service Level B -C and Lane Demand 1.0 occurs at 700 vehicles per. hour and lane. Table 3 is identical to Goodrich's Table 7, and is a tool to translate difference in dwelling units from "City Plan" into difference in lane. demand. Tables 4-7A calculate the change in lane demand for each alternative and each location as listed in Table 3. (It seems illogical that a minus sign should represent increase; the reason is that the alternatives originally studied normally would show decrease from the "City Plan".) Tables 8-12A show the resulting lane demand and service level at each location. Table 8, "No New Development" assumes that no development would take place within the traffic study area, but that through traffic would increase. (The column "Increase to Nov. 1, 1974" shows an inconsistence as all numbers should be zero; devi.ations seem to be a result of roundings.) • Table 13 is a summary of Tables 8-12A -1- • • • AL/tm 81,003.22 86,021.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CIRCULATION (cont'd.) ------------------------------- Table 14 shows the difference that would result if the Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties were not developed. (No calculations so far for the "Maximum Plan".) . It is sometimes possible to choose between fewer number of lanes with a low service level and more lanes with a high service level. "Lanes Built 1995" and corresponding "Servi.ce Level 1995" are generally ci._en so that a service level lower than C (congestion) would not occur. Tabi,.'3 is an exception, it intends to demonstrate the service level resulting rtum existing number of lanes or the ;comber to which roads could be widened very easily. The enclosed maps in scale 1" = 2000' correspond to Tables 8-12A. The underpass of Foothill Boulevard under Junipero Serra Freeway (Interstate 280) is a critical location. It may be possible to widen the underpass to six lanes with moderate construction work, but the County, City and City/ County Plans all require 8 lanes according to the calculations, which would necessitate a major reconstruction. The "Maximum Plan" would require 10 lanes, which also would affect nearby intersections. The required number of lanes in Stevens Creek Boulevard should create no difficulty, except possibly the six lanes east of Foothill Boulevard in the "Maximum Plan". Stelling Road is not included in the calculations. However, Goodrich's report indicates the following data for the "City Plan" (for 1995). The other alternatives would cause little change. Location on Stelling Road S. of Interstate 280 N. of Stevens Creek Blvd S. of Stevens Creek Blvd S. of Bollinger Road Lane Needs Service. Demand Build Level 1.8 2 B 2.3 4 A 4.0 4 B -C 2.6 4 A Collector roads outside the Urban Service Area Stevens Canyon Road would serve approximately 340 to 689 dwelling units, of which 200 to 460 units are located along Montebello Road ("City Plan" and "Count), Plan", respectively). Assuming a peak hour traffic generation of 0.7 vehicles per dwelling unit, the one-way peak hour traffic would be 240 to 480 in Stevens Canyon Road south of Inspiration Heights, 140 to 320 in Montebello Road west of Stevens Canyon Road. -2- AL/tm 81,003..22 86,021.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • CIRCULATION(cont'd.) - - An insignificant additional volume of through traffic would be generated in Eden Valley; most traffic from this area would prefer Pierce Road. Recrea- tional traffic mostly .generated by Stevens Reservoir may be substantial but would not be likely to coincide with home -work -home peak traffic. The quoted traffic volume is theoretically well within comfortable capacity of a two-lane road. Howe:•er, Stevens Canyon Road and particularly Montebello Road are narrow and very winding and offer practically no possibility to pass a slow vehicle. It is submitted that a substantial volume of work -connected traffic (as in the "County Plan") would create a strong pressure for con- struction of a four lane road or at least passing lanes in many locations. Such construction would be very costly and environmentally damaging in the case of Montebello Road. , Local Roads in the Hill Area Full development according to either the "City Plan" or. the "County Plan" would require a considerable network of local access roads. The length of this network is not directly proportional'to the density. (Theoretically, length is proportional to the square root of density.) For reason of both fire safety and convenience, it is submitted that street e rel-Oe-5ars and driveways as the only access should be limited both in length and to the number of dwelling units served; that an intermediate number of units' should have access through fire trail in addition to a cul-de-sac; and that a substantial number of units should have access from more than one direction, through a loop street. Furthermore, additional access through a loop street or fire trail should not wait for completion of development; at least an extra fire trail should be provided through undeveloped property where needed. Two sketch maps show a road pattern, one assuming individual development, the other assuming cooperation between property owners to cluster development in more easily accessible areas. It is emphasized that the maps are not.a detailed study, they intend only to give a general idea of the two concepts. (However, a more detailed study has been made of the Regnart Canyon area.) It seems likely that the cost for even minimal standards of access, erosion control and sewers or septic tanks would prohibit complete development on an individual basis. In other words, land price (which is defined as sales price minus development cost) would be negative for the densities discussed here. Development would take place where existing roads (e.g. Regnart Canyon Road and Montebello Road) could be utilized for frontage, possibly with the addition of a few very expensive homes on large lots and with long driveways. Development should be profitable at a higher density, provided that the City or the County (that is mostly the taxpayers in the valley) pays for major access • roads, in other words subsidizes the development. If self-supporting, even a quite high density may not be profitable. -3- E • • AL/tm 81,003..22 86,021.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CIRCULATION (cont'd.) Clustering of dwelling units not only within each property but in larger areas is likely to change the economics of development. The most suitable areas would be selected for development, and the network of local roads would be greatly reduced. It is suggested that a policy of non -subvention and a strict enforcement of reasonable development standards would result in coopera- tion between property owners as the only. way to profitable development. -4- AL/tm 86,021.1 March 10, 1975 Rev. April 10, 1975 • Rev. May 12, 1.975 West Side Traffic Study DUELLING UNITS IN NEIGHBORHOODS COMBINED INTO ZONES Difference from "City Plan" _ ------------------------------------------------------------------" N'd Very City/ (Traffic Nov. 1 Loa County City County Max. Zone) 1974 Density Plan Plan Plan Plan . 73 147 160 160 221 221 279 83 126 156 203 198 198 416 Stev.Res. 15 19 113 74 113 113 Montebello 56 50 464 199 464 464 Up.St.Can. 36 18 3.00 71 100 100 (1) 380 403 1040 763 1096 1372 Difference - 383 - 360 + 277 + 333 + 609 63 357 412 412 412 412 412 51L 510 541 541 541 541 541 Lindy 3 4 21 23 23 32 (2) 870 957 974 976 976 _. 985 Difference - 106 - 19 - 2 0 + 9 Seven Sp. 19 26 136 535 535 638 Regnart 28 38 123 118 118 275 (3) 47 _ 6/i 2.59 653 653 913 Difference - 606 - 589 - 394 0 + 260 62 366 545 545 545 545 545 (4) 366 545 545 545 545 545 Difference - 179 0 0 0 0 72 333 488 488 488 488 488 82 456 475 498 533 533 749 Permanente 15 156 _ 62 156 156 1393 (5) 789 978 1142. 1083 1177 Difference - 294 - 105 + 59 + 94 + 310 61 524 571 571 571 571 571 (6). 521, 571 571 571 571 571 Difference - 47 0 0 0 0 71 657. 774 774 774 774 774 81 168 218 254 375 375 591' (7) 825 992 1028 1149 1149 136.5 Difference - 324 - 157 121 0 + 216 Church 0 51 258 728 728 1320 (8) 0 51 258 728 728 1320 Difference - 728 - 677 -'476 0 + 592 . Total 3801 4561 5817 6468 6895 8464 Difference -2667 -1907' - 651 + 427 +1996 AL/tm 86,021.1 April 10, 1975 Rev. May 12, 1975 • West Side Traffic Study TRAFFIC VOLUME (in one direction) and LANE. DEMAND (both directions) -----------------------------.- u - inn Z X volume/Lane Serv. Level ( 2 -lane road Vol. I Dem. J 4 -lane road Vol. Dem. 6 -lane road Vol. Dem. 8 -lane road Vol. Dem. A 590.625 1.6875 1181.25 3.375 1.771.875 5.0625 2362.5 6.75 A -B 634.375 1.8125 1268.75 3.625 1903.125 5.4375 2537.5 7.25 B 678.125 1.9375 1356.2.5 3.875 2034.375 5.8125 2712.5 7.75 E -C 721.875 2.0625 1443.75 4.125 2165.625 6.1875 2887.5 8.25 C 765.625 2.1875 1531.25 4.375 2296.875 6.5625 3062.5 8.75 C -D 809.375 2.3125 1618.75 4.625 2428.125 6.9375 3237.5 9.25 D 353.125 2.4371 1706.25 4.875 12559.375 7.3125 3412.5 9.75 D -E 896.875 940:625 2.5625 2.6875 1793.75 1881.25 5.125 5.375 2690.625 2821.875 7.6875 8.0625 3587.5110.25 3762.5 10.75 E E -F 984.375 2.8125 1968.75 5.625 2953.125 8.4375 3937.51.11.25 -- F NOTE; Criteria by Don Goodrich, amended to.provide consistent "half -levels" of service (e.g. A -B). Numbers arc not rounded, as this sometimes would affect service level. SERVICE LEVELS A: Good D: high congestion U: Some congestion E: Near breakdown C: 'Congestion F: Breakdown • -2- e West Side Trafiic Study -.Don CHANCE. IN LANE DEMAND (in A CHANCE IN 100 DUELLING UNITS _________________________ Location Goodrich - a two-way road) DUE TO IN A TRAFFIC ZONE ---------------- -------------------------------- T r a f f i c Z AL/j;: 66,021.1 March 10, 1975 o n e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ' A Foothill Blvd. - 0.12 0. 0. 0. 0.20 0. 0. 0. S. of Stev.Crk.Blvd. .'.B Foothill Blvd. - 0.12 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. N. of McClellan Rd. C McClellan Road - 0,08 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. E. of Foothill Blvd. D McClellan Road - 0.08 0. 0. 0.20 0. 0. 0. 0. . H. of Bubb Road E Bubb Road - 0.. 0.06 0.07. 0.16 0. 0. 0. 0. N. of SINS Crossing . F McClellan Road - O.D4 0.04 0.02 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. E. of Bubb Road I^ G Bubb Road - 0.04 0.10 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. e S. of McClellan Rd. H Bubb Road - 0.04 0.10 '0.04 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. • V. of Rainbow Drive 3 Rainbow Drive.. - 0.04 .0,10 0.16 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. E. of Bubb Road ' J Foothill Blvd. - 0.08 0. 0. 0. 0.12. 0.04 0.1.4 0.04 N. of Stev.Crk.Blvd. ' R Stevens Creek Blvd. _ 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0.08 0.04 0.06 .0.04 ' E. of Foothill Blvd. L Foothill Blvd. - 0.08 0. 0. 0. 0.12 0.04 0.14 0.16 S. of Junip.Serra Fwy. - M Stevens Crk. Blvd. - 0.04 0. 0. 0. 0.08 0.16 0.06 0.04 V. of Bubb Road N Stevens Crk. 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W M 1 Y V 1 O to 1 Y I • t > t m 1 O C4 1 G I ro m a 1 Y G n t O M 0 u •-1 .0 n li 1 b I 1 V F U O 10 1 ] w N I V O W 0 d 1 H H m > 1 V A H m I C H H a1H w 1 ! m 1 6 u 1 d U > t W M 1 Y V 1 O to 1 Y I 1 V 1 A 11' ] ♦C 1 N 1 m 1 m 1 n F3 t •-1 .0 n li �t Ci O C f +1 1 N T N U H G i r7 •O t C u u ' w G I H> A > m i W 6 1 aol q 1 W 1 N U V I V � G H C 1 b D m f u u aat mo � ul M •O m 1 W q Y 1 w x O 1 < H t 1 C N v 1 q I TW= 1 b W G 1 � N N N Y H I d N W W I N 'l. 1 •0 �t •0 M rt Y I •o O W N 1 W W m l G b 0 G I o M V 1 H H7 q 1 it 0 1 ro m H 1 V b H 0 O 1 O . C N H I O T I y O > 1 sem- 1 q O O O 10 •O v N kl �1 O W G 6 6 v w < ! d 6 6 d U 6 cc C d1 ri n N •-1 .0 n li �t Ci O N �: h Y' O N N r-1 O N M N N r1 � ul M •O M �t N w C � N N N V d d N N •0 �t •0 �t •o O m Y O O O O 10 •O v N r0 �1 O O O W b ri n N •-1 .0 n h �t Ci O N �: h Y' N N r-1 .-1 N M N N r1 .i ul M •O M �t N ro m . C - O • M 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' h u u P O� � O O h N N N .D Vl .O .O• M M O h h M M h h M M `"1 O� M O• M N m' . T u O O O O O O O O O O •"1 O .'1 O A U Y • b C O N b N W > M O O O O O b v N •O �7 O O O 00 ti W W N N O O � •'i •? h n M n n b m D` •D .O N 0. � P ' N •U M N h O. �1 O vl N W t0 •i .-1 .i .-1 a\ •-i O v N N Y C C ro .-1 .-1 O •-1 M N N •-1 O v .'i h ' N �t ] N O u o 3 T Y ro 'S Y .Y O O M - M .i •-/ .i N W r•1 h .1 n Ql N G O O O O O O O O O O O A O O •ri o ro 0 • C �E H m m • m E3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D o o o a rn -Y v v n n O •� In M v rn n v r o ro .-1 N O •-1 N N N r1 O M .-/ �t •-1 M vi .-1 Y u 0 o m V N b V T V 1 3 1 1 Y H b •O tb m b b W ro L > > C v > > > u m C4 1, fA 1 I W I m 1 N I W > In I H > > •'i C N m 'O C q 1 b •-I H '0 • .X ro 'O •i 'O N O b m m •Y Cl V M W M N W O N •V H b .i r ro 0 H ro O .-1 R N 0 O •O H •-i H Tf N O 0 O H L > V > N O -.. O O W V O R' '1 O > W > V> a a W G H N U w' ,G 44 I a I N I p X .0 •-1 0. .E X V W> d C 0 O C A b (G G A 'J V O vi q P V V O G V A U A V '•� N Y 0 U m O ro]' ro M h] m U m U ] N Y O •-1 ] ] ] N N .-! h H .+ S. -+ w .. W O V] .. OJ O O W f0 •-1 N 0{+. ri ^9 m ip m (A mcl •,i M N N W' .'i � a k: 0 o .+ G +1 G G p rl N .0 w •^.• W O w m W w 61 w w w P W A w O W A w U w O W 7 10 u OO .a O p 0 •-i O A O A O G O Y O '> O u 0 > O > O V m O O 0 U V p U p A +d10 U O U d rl N O • O U U 7 U ] ] m O u O Y it ro t. . W N W 7 i. W i. 2 IO r x W m N 14 7 a (p 1I d In r•i N �/1 I U .d N i> ">- `i NHH 0 1 N a H � wool 0 t m u U J J J J N N •O J W J .D O (3 H 1 G'M Q\ J J N �ro a I aw•-� . 6 I N • t q > 1 N a 1 H C o N H N O H .'1 H CO ✓1 n H n n M " I u G L' N ✓1 n •O n o W n W 1 1 O N N H ra 0, 1`l N H N 't•1 t'1 N H 'H h .. •^1 n V N N ♦. 1 m 1 I N 1 •O I O 1 U .0 N • M I N O W (T D• J J O h N N N b :/1 .O c'1 N1 N i N N N V1 Vl r1 Rl Ml Vl th CI rl D\ fl O\ t1 N N I g H H O O O O O O O O O O r1 O H O A O O q 1 1 1 H t V H W •'i 1 u J J •O .D O N N N J O J O J J' ,1 . . N I O O N .� H O H •-i _H w N n .� n n 'U N > 1 •H a` r+l n 1'1 J rn a 1 1 A ] N H N N fh N N .-1 r•1 J N • �O N J G ro ] H d 1 N O U O U 1 T u > I N N t I O N N H J J •O .O O N N N J O J O V J 1 m .N ' I N w O N H .i O •-i H H W N n H n n H U 1 CI O O a\ <'1 0` O N n n [9 � :n O O O •V W I a I V u q •'1 O O O O O O O O r1 O H O •'i H G 7 M ' G O m W m I H ] u D w 1 " O 'q q W G 1 V rl ] 1 m com 1 N 13 w m I to H I 'Mb O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N W G 1 MZ c'1 H V . • H M O 1J M H N N 1 X N ] q t W T N A ro 1 00 N b b W N u :5 z 1 > N ro l H K. N M N. H H b H ro b •O 4 N W u I I M 1 1 W I m 1 11 1 FC > R7 t %• > > "� V a H 1 V0 O 'O N N m X fAH N q '� W N O M M - 1 'O H b H ro H N O N N O n] W v 1 > (] > H O M O f4 U O (G H O > a > V M >• ,4 p: W N• 1 H H N C4 L 14 1 f✓. 1 N I A M •'1 -L' L •� a .X X O ro O = 1 W > m m > m q I N U C O C A b x G A 'O U 'O M A A N V O C U A V A N M N1 HN Hu NO ro]'roM ro] NU NN ] Hu o H] ] q um O •i 1 H N H ;'. H W •� cq O N H r9 O L 0 w :k W H N N w W m W N N O H w 1 M H H H a •� K r4 O M C W C C •'t H • O H 1 L w L w U W U w W N w w wA W F- W U w L w N w U w ] H 6 T 1 u O u 0 H O H O A O H O A O A O C O u 0 > O u 0 > O > O U m G7 H u 1 O O V U A V A A M O N O N U r1 •� A C I O O U U ] U ] ] N O U O u u N L m % O 1 i K N O V I e y a,W w v x H •-, x a x z zuc 1 m -10- .�` i >> .� In In • •-1 rn a 1 u a .i N N H H 1 N o t o b O O 1 N u *' ODNN i U H Vl LO J •O � .0 •-1 1 N 7 s u N N l y u d I • 1 v o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o v 94 1 U G F- q H J J OD O O\ W M O N •-i ri N 1 O ro ^) H N M • M N H N •O M W �? C/1 u b 1 H rl n N N t , In 1 q 1 to W •.t O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O +� I N O W rn T J J O ul N N N .O vt .O rn M M- Cl ' 1 N N N Vl Vl M M N Vl M M. M LA M T M N N t U.G N T N 1 G H H 1 H b C 1 u H 1 'V 1 H w U O O 0,0 O O O O O O O O O O H 01 1 1 N b N •-1 M J M vl O O J •-1 n T � M <V H N 4l N n N J N H U 1 a N r-1 H N N O O O 1 5 N t > t+ � U :I ro N I •-1 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 1 ro Ot t m N M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H . t0 1 U O vl .D •-t 'n sa: P N N .D M .D M r -i � b V t U u O O O •"I .'1 O N r-1 N a0 r1 1 1 C H •-1 O O O O 11 > I G H 3 C 1 d p u W O I O O O O O H b O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N H H N I N 4` v V J J n n O H •--I D` v N CO " A b> ro l U c0 O O O tU M J D\ n J O W 1 N U •-1 .•t W O b O W= 1 H: N H O M H J •� M H ri •'I O r1 N N u a C I W u 0 C n ro 1 u U 1 sa n 1 •� ro I N 1 T u n 1+ L: TW C 1 b N M U .O b W N u b W N 1 "L > b > G b > > > N N a .7 1 a LG N b •-1 ro N b P..-1 N W •-1 I i q l I q 1 m 1 ~ I q > q I N > ro O 10 ro ro ro ?' q H O MO MC O H •O N ro O .-/ ;s N O b N .-1 'O N O O N u H .-i O 1 b N > U •-1 > H N •-1 O H N O 0 04 U D P: "1 O > a > U H > R: tN' W C W H I C4 A a I CG I U I A H O q> q .a u A C4 A •-1 a N A q> N u q H N A N A b T! ro O v 1 V O a U A UA urt ' u H u .-1 U N O ro N P. '6 7 ro U N N 7 N u O 1..1 = 1 O C 1 ro H O H ?; .� W .-, q O N ti q O O Pi ;t q .-1 y N W •-/ •� m q N q - N N H N I U H H �I •-1 w .-I I1: W P' W . O 4• W CI W t W W W •10 '� 4M1 H �'I I O .0 W t W U W U W W N W A .C. u 0 > O u 0 > O > > > O U ,n H 6 M I r7 u 0 u 0 •-1 O '1 0 A O .-� O A O A O C"O U 'O U U •� TI W H 1 O O U U .D V A +, O :: W q to q.J w' W W T to W fL In y .t N W U H N p, u l W N fa• .'�. :i. W 7: 3 q .�. ' ,OS•H 1 a s y 0 U 1 P• (> H ti X e7 3: < • q' U A W •'L' ^u- I �• 1 Q 1 U H m U .nn 1 N C1P Q 6 W q ¢ H N H H t N H o I y • 1 w ! C +i a �Y ,t N �7 .. •Q Q N �4 �O d o� �p .o 0 G u,+ l amH al H H 1 ,O N O I ro O ro H q vl H N .t V n N n O O q p [4 1 u C 6 J vt n n q .-/ O P 1 oro u 1 a 1 1' ' m i b t C O O Ou 1 N N a N M M M vl Vf M M` M P M P M N N 1V .0 H TN 1 CHH O O O O O O O O O O H O H O A d > 1 0 1 H b HW N I O > 1 L 6! 1 N O n I UO I V I TFQ TN I I u m 1 o C d 1 U ro M ul n M q N ul ul P O �i O H P 'C _ G 1 H �.1 .D W ✓1 P J Vl ,D 'J M rl '-I .D N y I U TP. HC a m I C H O O O O O O O H N H N H H W I H M 0 -0 O m m ro i U Fu w 1 x r •C b 1 aro u w C 1 0o uG ,i V a i CK O O O O O O O O O O O O O O W H H G I H'C O p O O O O O O O O O O O O d o K q 1 U u) a 1 X H H O ."! N N N H O M H �1 H M M•� r. I w uo O ff a l d u Q Q 1 H H I Y 1 in a 1 .0 b o q a, ! T W o 1 1 1 ! x H b W H I b 'U bo U b b W ro u F 'o > > > wm i, v 1 H Pi H N Pi M H ' H a N 'O p, VI W 1 I q I I q 1 m 1 N I q > q I H > > .� C b m b C q 1 b .H H Hb H'o r0 b ro ro ro x MH d MM MM 0H ,1 a ro l b N b H a H a 0 H ro 0 H ;t U O b N H b N O O H u W H t > U > H D ,1 O W U O �. H O > W > U U LG x 4.' C1H u L [4' A H C N A q> H u q.H NL HA bb U C O C A b a' C A b U H 'l.ul u HH HU 00 ro] roW ro] roV ah O Hu O HJ > > um q O N H q D S_ O Cl H 7 1 U ,4 M H H (Y. H ,. CL t. O 'O H O I O Lw Lw U W Uw w u W w w .pw .Cw Uw Lw yw uw y rl < U I a u 0 u 0 H O H O A O H O A O A O C O. u O' : O u 0 > O > O U m y H 1 O O U U L U L A M O y O U a T l O O U u 7 U 7 7 ro O u O u u aF Z L W is Dt m 'J. % W q (n W 'L tC ut W ;G y W W N vl to k] UH m X I U O U 1 3 U- 1 a m y q w w, v x H ti .n I ' N ••J v 6 n t 6 H 1 6 - 1 1 U > 1 > w m 1 1 GI al I Vi 1 N d 1 N U 1 M N 1 N > 0 H 1 N I • 0 0 V I o 1 I m I I a m I W o I F I w ] 1 a w I O O O u w N I co) rn T Y• H= I v O7 V I N o I N Wr. o w N I W •O U W fc 1 •O U I M G A A 1 vJ 0 7 1 M q 6 u I N G I M' 1 N N I M qal C'1 T ca I M v w •-1 I T ] l N I u ++ I m w o I U Q= I w' I H N I 0 F' H 0. 0 0 O H I v F• r to H G I � H I u n• X m r. N • uoX: S V = v 6 1 W 6 1 C1 6 - < 1 U t w 6 1 GI 6 I Vi �T N •-1 N M M M N M 0 0 0 0 0 0 o to W O ,.J m o rn N n rn N n rn V n m N rn M •O •D N d •D H b w O V m trl J O w •O m m N O �? m � . O •-1 �T N •-1 N M M M N M 0 0 0 0 •� FS V q W W V W . -1.2A- 0 0 0 0 0 o a o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o to O O O O O co) rn T �' v O N N N N •O V1 •O O• M vJ vJ M -1 N •f. M' M M O. C'1 O\ M N T 0 0 0. 0 0 0 W M i H m m N N ^Y N .O •O •p V O O •S b O O n n n rn W •O m m w m m vl pJ M M rn n •A V n t•1 ul M •D vl M n O• w n V M N •O m U M N ri N M N N rl N •O M rn 41•1 V1 0 O p T U 3 m m N N V N •O •O •O V O O O V 1 • O O n n n rn b .O m m m ?� m in rl V -J n •-1 v1 •D m m rn e-1 m M w v + r N H O •"1 O O O O •-1 M .1 �? H N 7 p x a • N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a p. �' v .t V n n n �I H O• .1 m m .-1 ri m v m O O O m n V rn n V G • o .-1 O H N N N •-1 • U u UI H +-1 d 1 w > .0 m m v v to ri b > G •O > > > N GI H b N H b b P• I in r •v G 1'q H Nm 3 N m N GI O • H •V H N rl OO N H N O .i Z O 'U H H 9 O O H >c> > >-+ o-I oc>: v o n: .J o >a > >U -.1 > •w •a w •-J • O P: L 44 1 fL 1 O 1 P .-J - x L H P. .Y. .Y m > w m •1 aJ P G' P H C w H P 61 > N V RI +J H P Yi P b O C7 C O CP 'O R: C P 'O U b++ AP U U O C U P U P N ]:: .J W rt w O N H GI O.}� O O N W L W U W 41 W W C! W W W P W r W N LL• L W N JJ O N O .-J O r1 0 P U H O P O P O G O V O > O V O > O > > O U O O V V P V P P +'1 O u O u p p U U ] U ] ] N O V O V U N W to W:.. S•41 w. :3 q:.. SW GIN W Z a W W:. N W W to N2 N W V •� FS V q W W V W . -1.2A- 0 U 19 I Vest Side Traffic Study LANE NEEDS AND SERVICE LEVEL Summary f AL/jk 86,02.1.1. Apr. -IO, 1975 _____________________________________________ Location No L. Dev. S.L. Vc ry L. Low S.L. __________________________ County L. S.L. City L. S.L. City/Co .i L. S.L. North-South Streets: Foothill Blvd, S.of Junip.Serra Fwy. L 4 F 6 C 8 B 8 B -C 8 C Foothill Blvd. N.of Stev.Crk.Blvd. J 4 C -D 6 A -B '6 B -C 6 B -C 6 C Foothill Blvd. S.of Stev.Crk.Blvd. A 2 A -B 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 A -B Foothill Blvd. N.of McClellan Rd. B 2 A -B 2 A -B 4 A 4 A 4 A Bubb Road N.of SPRR Crossing E 4 A 4 B '4 B 4 B 4 B Bubb Road $.of McClellan Rd. C 2 D 4* A 4* A 4* A 4* A Bubb Road N.of Rainbow Drive N 2 A .2 A 2 A -B 2 B 2 B -C Last -West Streets: Stevens Creel: Blvd. E.of Bubb Rond N 4 B 6 A 6 A 6 A -B 6 A -B 'Stevens Creek Blvd. W. of Bubb Road H 4 A 4 A -B 4 B -C 4 C 16 A Stevens Creek Blvd. E.of Foothill Blvd. R 2 F 4 A 4 B 4 B 4 B -CI 1lcClellan Road E.of Bubb Road F 2 E 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 A McClellan Road W.of Bubb Road D 2 A -B 2 C 4 A 4 A 4 A H cClellan Road E.of Foothill Blvd. C 2 .A 2 A 2 A -B 2 A 2 A -B Rainbow Drive E.of Bubb Road I 2 A 2 A 2 B 4 A 4 A L. - Lanes) S.L. - Service Level Ins.Urb.Serv.A. Duts,Urb.Serv.A_ No Dev. a "No New Development Plan": Very Low - "Very Low Density Plan": 0-2-0 DU/ac 0.05-0 DU/ac County a "County Plan". 1.0-0.2 " 0.4 -0.1. " City o "City Plan": 4.4-0 " 0.2 -0 " City/Co. - "Combined City/County Plan": 4.4-0 " 0.4 -0.1 " R This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter- sections are widened to four lanes. _13- 0 o I_ I (r^ Rest Side Traffic Study hLpr 16,021.1 A LANE NEEDS -AND SERVICE LEVEL Apr. 10, 1975 111 e,�m., ry with no development on Church and Seven Springs properties ____________________________________________ Location 170 L. Dev. S.L. Very L. Low S.L. County L. S.L. City L. S.L. City/Co. L. S.L. North-South Streets: No Dev. - ,No New 1evelopment Plan": D 6• very Low - "Very Low Density Plan,': Foothill Blvd. S.of Junip.Serra Fwy. L 4 F 6 C o City . - "City Plan": - 4.4-0 " 0.2 Foothill Blvd. ,. City/Co. - "Co mD Sncd City/County Plan": 6 A -B 6 B -C 6 B -C 6 B -C N.of Stev.Crk.Bivd. J 4 C -D _ Foothill Blvd. 4 A 4 A 4 A -B 'S.of Stcv.Crk.Blvd. A 2 A -B 4 A Foothill Blvd. 4' A 4 A, 4 A N.of 11cCiellan Rd. B 2 A -B 2 A. -B Bubb Road A 4 4 .B 4 B 4. g N.of SPRIt Crossing E 4 .IS .. Bubb road D 4* A 4* A 4* A 4* A S.of 11cClellan Rd. C 2 Bubb Road 2 A. 2 A 2 A -B 2 '.A 2 A_B _ N.of Rainbow Drive H East -Nest Streets: Stevens Creek Blvd.• - 6 A 6 -:A' 6 ,A E.of Bubb Road h 4 B 6 A Stevanc Cruel, Ll.vd. 4 A -B ' 4, B -C 4 B -C 4 B -C N, bf Bubb Road M 4 A. Stevens Crack Blvd. 4 A 4 �,-It 4 A -H 4 ll E.ofFoothill J:lvd. K 2 F _ McClellan Road 4 A 4 A 4 A E.of Bubb Road F 2 E 4 A McClellan Road4 4 A 4 A A R.of Bubb Road D 2 A -B2 C McClellan Road A 2 A -B 2 A y A_g E.of'Foothill Blvd. C 2 .A 2. Rainbow Drive 2 A 2 A 2 A �. A B.of Bubb Poad 1 2 A * This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter- sections are widened to four lanes. ( Underlined Lanes or Service Level - changes from page 17. \iv -14_ lns.Urb,Sarv.A. Outs.Urb.Scry.A.! �L. - Lanes; S.L. - Service Level No Dev. - ,No New 1evelopment Plan": very Low - "Very Low Density Plan,': 0.2-0 DU/ac 0.05-0 DU/ac " County "County Flan": 1.0-0.2 0.4 -0.1 City . - "City Plan": - 4.4-0 " 0.2 -0 ,. City/Co. - "Co mD Sncd City/County Plan": 4.4-0 " 0.4 -0.1 * This residential street could be maintained at two lanes if inter- sections are widened to four lanes. ( Underlined Lanes or Service Level - changes from page 17. \iv -14_ .% JJ'(•• , U•� aL� L..._ � �.+� ��,''�.' - _ AL/MC 86,021.1 I.Aftil 24, 1975 5 83 � c9�a t• ,l{,,`� 2000' r . 3.23 �`'` N-3.78 - 4.5B..., K - 2.91 © [} _ A "A4 - B tiA-1.78 f�`f - { 2- A -B x.62 sl• _ w B- 1.73 .:_ 118 a 4- A� 2 E -,. C �2- A -B {w rs Lav Ba'b'r ltia ra a rae ©rrs eaa ma as ®®ems ��1 2- A'�n_, z r r a n� e� t r saves,i Ir cznrK D- 1.79 .. G 2.41 OW b` C � f13 �i `�, t/` A.``•��O H� upQ ^ / P�3 •_ y�y\ 1 �. - ��'\\ '; „ g > �`'.` �''• ) N _ 1.34 .. tI M.`l . T °°° _ �, = v, `� w� �. i � ' '', i - ' •�; T - 1.16 �' , ' .T of \;�'1• _pQ S'i�� ..2-,A.:: � (.. ``� - ,1/ � c' '• r-� � ,,.; -:j� 1. •_ ,I, "(�-�^ - 1 �• v'!V . ^!7 �� /� City of Cupertino Planning Department 7-- WEST SIDE•'. TKAFFIC STUDY No New Dcvclopment Plan J , _rL ! a /� �\ ` A\((Location) - (Total Lnnr. Demand) 4 r: p, *r ' � �' � {,�'}: �' 1•: )Jn [} .} r' (ProI09CCl ;.1C$) (Service Level) AL/MC 8116,021.1 ,April 24, 1975 1" 2000' 3.5 9 N - 4.48 raw c=, K-3.21 ��. �_ 5.10 0 4- 6� 6-- F--- .� •% IIl'S.¢4 CMR E7.,) F4 • •D . , ' , : %.' " @ ' f � ....� t>a P'.'1 is'a roe �--+ a -a `''- +4 rag r.>.,v.'`^"`"`ss�•. � t 1 [15 4- A + �p� E-3.69 a�✓ F - 2.74 c_ 1.20 © 4- B D- 2.16 'Y�• /� r - __t \ 1� •'may..°�� ' J ;�1• � 4- A epe �»,. tN - <: s 9.. �� I-1.28 �'•-f ♦ — _ 111\ S 4... .. .2' i G v 4 Y City of Cupertino Planning Dupartnem FTES'T SIDE TP IMC STUDY Very Low Density (Location) - (Total Lnnc Demnod) ' g • jPYoiin ,ed -Lancs) -_ �Servl.x l.c'va I. ' aL/ric 86,021.1 1915 ::. \ �� L -7.50 p • a..; ="2000 v. ��O �- 4.08-.. , N-5.02 -5.9a K-3.70 -4 - B -C "6- A ILIpP E e sysj� ii r rt Ir,rs t; �,A.� °'+ F��/j._.x.� �-� —• �.A I l.-"' i {1�, A-3.28 _� �`� � C� _ _�y��_,.4_q a E=3:74 C F- 3. Oa r , D .r- •" . B - 2.52 ['. _ - moi` B- ��e�;: , . _ - C- 1.71 4- B 4- A -asst, ase l...� rsa e;J r,�rs"ra tr.�•4�s'3c �rr� cr 1�-f A- B "'a ��y,� sA /� .•'�- / (� ''l.' "} � �- 2.67 +. 4 A I �'^b_ 1 r.. _.�__x—. �l - ♦ t� fd 6VO I�fly'%4. _' H- 1.79 �`,'. 2 coc .:ti � �• �t ; �� -.--` �'�� 'N� j 1 ,r 14 v � l ` �__ _ >r1. �� Q�j _ ,-r_: City of Cupertino Planning Departmen WEST SIDE TRAFFIC STUDY County Plan Y" - 1 f1 '• (Locations - (Total Lnne. Dcm,-nd) Yi - tF v iry � '•' � (Proposed Lanes) - (Serv{.ce. Laval) N� • l �' � �'�. .i 'l � I ,'Lan.: A. \n•n:n j� •�`' _ n "`- _ � � _ _ . AL/MC 86,021.1 . f dpril 24,-1975 2000' - �, Q 4?-JB ivy - 4.18 5.2 Q - 6.00 -K-3.80 �� 4 C _A B . �: V �G Ct� �� tt %1 > Y Yr'i r-� r ] t -w (� '�rG .•a+Y" ` i^�"' ,�—�'h7�,�"�'�'e-.f .� 1 _ ' . r La• i li A -?_.83 4Q � v(�� _ -._ �•4- A 1 : 6 E-3.82 -- 2.19 ,tl- i.49 0 (j F- 3.01 0 4 -. B. 4 A I1 C r ?-� rn v.!a rev n en P �w c -n �: ^'.•��' •3 C3T :� e9f'1.T.i t"+>^ C3133 FEZC9 Q td CZS•l�i�-CC 6R3'}ST.'A cI<b 1 �.iy"+� '°""'.Yr a:'1 :a. e -u. Li '� i jAtl' t� r.r=✓--'�y r � �lll �. f..�"� ri -2.45 kA 4 - A, -2.91 �- ti- A �<`.1.84 '.�.y-- �] �` t -� _ f -- �71� C'1] UCS Li4'4!S'6-3tffi'tCY1•Fl�i•nS'L39 LT,a l.i T'3 ax �_ }`~' Z� �4iji ` i�?- �\ "! 1-2.39 [G •t. � 2�i';L%�._< <�. �, �,,Q"___ �,i 1 � a .� �• it �'��'� "rn` \ �l � E f .. .' •I t -\� . � � ...r�" �: ��r�.i-s•!a_.[-� 1.�:-�aC J i� � .'i':-� 1116 :.�. �. \' �., j �� ✓ f'� •' City of Cupertino Planning Depar.t..cu /� f1 WEST SIDE '1'RAFPIC STUDY .FYI-^`... �I i/ -•.'—.I �L City Plan �/��• • �.: i oc•ltion(Totnl Lane Dcmmnd) 1�+ y }:.{-g\yr (Proposed L:ules) — (Service Level.) j -i`. �' - '.1'. ' f i .1{• nY{nna +`•' - - .•,1 fi ` r Jna\. X41 � } �' V .:� �`, IP v / �. �Cv'l'a •c�i,om cuttitp`-�'�'It+• oa csa' . _. 86,021.1 tN 1 P April 24, 1975 ., � .. ��- 8.51 � , �.'sa 1. � . �f 8,- C ® _. T' =.2000' 15�1 123 r, 4.39 5.41 6.3B. -t K-4 01 :._ 6 A7 AC B s �.r t( . .. �' r��r" �`3�-�+0' � ,.>, ti -•v r-� Ir -1 i^� `v c.: -v < .y'"• . A-3 42 t4- A -B F - 3.82 — = �- 3.14 3 2.59 176 _© P" 4 - B 4 - A n s „ti 4- A -- c f� t�? e. -'t r --v r r -A n r -s Y --- r•^ F�. caa ma e:�o-ra�t':s-r,�f aas't^� r -a y-a�./,a,•% ~./a+~. S' r�;_` ci'- J `fir.._-'y"Y'k�-2_r'2.. u�l . 4 A _ 0"4 7, H 191 Ell _. /y C r` z,�, � = ;=�� 1 (%L� L,� S';�I+y •`' f, ,, � %� T- 2...52 C� T tt. u -'.:17c}�.l ` � ,` • i "` q,yp•^�' `/J. S�v�_�. \ � 1 • , ~� !� P�` 6Y !. -t`Y \7 <...'-_"}LL �\-II tiJ �,L�� 1 � 1.11I1.0�.1 `! �+ 1�"._Cit of Cupertino tino Pl vi..lt. T)L),1 tGlCnl % 11ES1' Slllli TRAFFIC STUDY & I \' +t � � (.'r \� ` � o�°.•, .� r�� 1`.. rCity-Couney Plan iPotal T nnc I em;md) _ v v U. N (Yroposcd lanes) - (Service Lcvel) _ f\ .i�i � � 1 1 r � = = r �• T �f. •1 ® , 1 ti Y i ' �\ �.za ALAIC 86,021.1 May 12, 1975 -10.24 ®�� 1 11 2000' 2000' • eN.- tl. / J J �j[�j(jjjL�' 10 - B -C �.. - ®'.!- 5.04 -.• C N_- 6.12 J-740 �a K-466# _ Yq �6 A �r..1./_�6-'C .n c' -+c a �� c"Y Es.�.�-'.:.+.a.- 6 I .\ 1 ♦-O I ''t f,f.. '�Z'`. ` 1 t: I;Td rn r, i. '1'_ 1 'i t':, C° -.i'- f1 \ '1 `.� , ,�; �. n.�.� moi; ��`S.r, � ;--. •: ;�-- .. ;� i ti A- 4.18 -n 2.92 C-1.98 0 Q -C )�' i--3.31 -.. �4 - A s � ra•evl,sa'® Y.n,� ica um'ra �eru ��at ez-t �i 1�2�B-C . �{;_ t rt n ..1 . �,.� � -1 � ,, , � Y ,.,. j,3.. � ✓ D - 2.94 co A , ly 4 �l `moi ` � , \ } ,�. J [ - �. y f �7i ["E1,C39 179 Q0"tc@ CCi 4TY C:!`LtL-IA�'f.X.^] til Pii •: � .. •""�` -: • -Iti- t \ v Y V' 1♦ 1{{ddd,,, Ny L,1 C�1 vim, (:.i t 1 p ♦ ..� I- 3.06 h \ LLL p _ `v-• L w/. - l ( _' } "�Ira t�� }i City of Cupcrtino Yl.innleg lleparLn:cli ^ CI WEST SID TI AI FIC STUDY Maximum Plan P f �j'' ~`•� N'�, P' O.ocation) - Totza 1,nnc Dcmnnd) (Proposed Leics) - (Service. Level) v I, 2 .directions) .r 2147 JUDAH STREET SAN FRANCISCO. CA 94122 D. K. rOODRICH CONSULTING ENGINEER TRANSPORTATION Ano TRAFFIC /HONE 1415, 6654646 April 22, 1975 •I '.1. Mr. James H. Sisk Director u!r City of Cupertino Planning & Development 10300 Torre Avenue Cuper Uno, California 95014• Dear Nr. Sisk: Enclosed is a copy of the "Traffic Report, Hill Area General Plan Study." I have tried 'to keep it concise. If in so doing I have deleted material you find important, please let me know. 0 0 DKG:mm Encl. ,� ,.cere�y yours, 0 D. K. Goodrich Consulting 'Engineer Transportation and Traffic cel mr. Bert Viskovich Director of Public Works 0 I• 19 TRAFFIC REPORT HILL AREA GENERAL PLAPT STUDY Pre-redfor. The'Ci.y of Cupertino ],0300 Torre Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 Pr__-L-ar by • D. K. Goodrich Consultin,; Engineer Transportation and Traffic. April 1975 DKG DKG • The purpose of this report is to provide traffic and transit information to assist the City of Cupertino in planning residential densities and roads for the west Side and Hill Areas. The methods used in this transportation study are based on work conducted in 1973 for the core area: In this report, traffic volumes are projected to the year 1995 for the Hill Area Land Use Plan indicated as "City Plan" on staff documents. Additionally, a method is provided so that the City.may study traffic impacts of alternatives. Table -1 depicts traffic lane- needs projected by the study for roads west of Stelling Road.* In this' table, the "Demand" column shows the traffic projection. (in fractions of lanes), the "Build" column shows the number of lanes needed to service the . demand, and the "Service Level" column expresses the freedom of traffic flo%•.I (Service Level is defined in 'fable 5). Table 2 presents this information separately for Stelling Road.** •Table 1 also shows the number of lanes needed (in frac- tions): to carry "existing" traffic; to carry traffic that would be generated by building out the Hill Area Plan to "holding capa- city"; and the number needed to carry"through-traffic" increases anticipated to the year 1995. Table 8 presents a tool for estimating lane needs changes due tochanges in dwelling units. The table shows the fractional change in traffic lane demand at any of fourteen road locations due -to 100 neer dwelling units at any of eight zones.*** with -this table, city staff has estimated the impact of a "County Plan", a "Very Loti•r Density Plan", a "No New Development Plan" and a "City County Plan..*** See Table 3 for description of road locations. #* Stelling Road traffic (and traffic in the core area) was • found to be .little affected by -nest side residential density variations. For that reason, Stellin.- Road was not included in.Table 1. #� See 'fable 4 for identification of zones. #** See staff reports DKG E% In the tabulated information it is assumed that: • , The Route 85 Freeway will be extended through San Jose (shamed in Alternate 1 below). 0 e There will be a bridge over Route 280 at Mary .Avenue. McClellan Road will be restricted to a two- lane, winding road. Bubb Road, south of f;cClellan Road, will be restricted to two lanes and it will end at Rainbow Drive. The current per capita usage rate of transit will continue and There will be access -to the church property Prow Stevens Creek Boulevard and Foothill -Boulevard. ' The implications of three alternative assumptions have also been investigated: Alternative 1 - Route 85 will no extend through San .Jo se. Instead it will be continued southerly as a parkway to Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road where it will -terminate. There will be an intersection at McClellan Road and another at Stelling Road and the parkway.. Termination of Freeway Route 85 at Saratoga- Sunnyvale Road rather than extension through San Jose will increase projected traffic volumes -on Freeway Route 280 and on Stevens Creek.Boule- vard. As found in the core area traffic studies, the higher volumes on Route 280 will cause over- spill of freeway traffic to a number of core area streets. However, Route 85 termination at Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road will have little adverse impact on Stelling Road and west Side streets. • By extending the route to Saratoga -Sunnyvale VKG 3 Road as a parkway rather than a freeway, it will • be possible to have intersections at McClellan and Stelling Roads. These intersections will al- low more direct access to the Nest Side areas, particularly to and from the north. ?,'or that reason, and because the parkway will attract touch of the traffic now using Stevens Creek Boulevard (viest of Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road) and Saratoga -Sunnyvale Road (south of Stevens Creek Boulevard), the City should seek early extension of 'the parkway. Projections indicate a six -lane . demand by the year 1995= Later,,it could be further extended into Sari Jose. Alternate 2 - Extend Bubb Road southerly from Painbow Drive to Prospect Road. Traffic projections indicate that Bubb Road south of McClellan Road will. be congested if its capa- • �S_ty remains at two lanes. Even without the ex- tension to Prospect Road, Bubb`s intersections will need widening to four lanes at McClellan Road and possibly at Columbus Avenue (See Table 1). Extension of Bubb Road to Prospect Road will en- `courage'its usage as a through route by Prospect Road traffic that originates east of -the. Southern Pacific Railroad. To restrict traffic demand on Bubb Road (south of McClellan) to the capacity of a two-lane street, Prospect Road should be con- nected to Rainbow Drive opposite weymcuth Drive. A two-lane street at that location can provide access to land between Rainbow and Prospect west of the railroad. -Alternative 3 - Provide access to the church property from a third access point to/from the west. This third access would be through the Los Altos Hills -Los Altos area onto the Magdalena interchange on Route 2£30. DKG 4 • From Table,6A it can be.seen•that development of the church properties will add an estimated 1.56* lanes of traffic to Foothill Boulevard just south . of Route 280. If westerly access viere available, some of this traffic would be diverted from Foot- hill Boulevard. However, there would be other traffic from Los Altos and Los Altos 'tills that would then use Foothill Boulevard to travel.to/ from the north, east and south. V.1hile there is too little data to calculate the exact effect, it is' estimated that, in total, the westerly access route would reduce projected traffic on Foothill Boulevard south of 280 by about one- fourth traffic lauze. In that case, the pro- jeoted demand would be 8,08 lanes as compared to the 8.33 projected at this location (L). • Two-way daily traffic volumes will equal about 7,000 ve- hicles per :tans of calculated demand. Thus, 8.33 traffic lanes is equivalent to 58,000 two-way vehicles per day. Projected lane demands are based on the assumption that the future per capita usage rate of transit will be the same as today's, ':chile there is existing dial -a -rich service provided by the county transit district, indications are that the service may be discontinued,. at least for .the short range. For the long range, the county has prepared a plan for fixed route transit services that would be fed by dial -a -ride, Because of high subsidy costs and because the bulk, of suburban residents do not use transit when given a choice, extreme measures such as long term gasoline rationin that would limit usage of small, high mileage cars will be neces- sary to produce a significant reduction in projected West Side auto traffic If such rationing were 11-o occur, work trips would be most affected. As work trips are made during the peak period Location L: 0.90 lanes are added from zone 7 and 0.66 from zone 8 nxc • of traffic flog, their diversion .to transit would reduce the number of traffic lanes needed. Under these special conditions, today'a Iraffic lanes could be adequate for the future. In that ease, dial -a -ride feeders would probably not be used because fixed route feeder bus services are more cost effective at high usaE;e levels. I• 1-0 m d PQ v GA U `t rn a) .iC(2 `d N N N N N N \D CO .j• \O LA VliUb rnrl C)� ci 1-1 t`l D\ D\ O O c'1 CD O id OJ rr 0 CO O : OJ i`l O N v-1 N 0 N N N a -i N h'1 n N .-1 N Cp vl [� t to H H N E..^,•� 4 .3• -=i' O V\ N N N \D Vl �o O\ r,l C) ::5 4-i d Cl V O f O4i i -A Ch O z . H a> H H c 0 N .14 tR A d rUi W • ,O u ,rl 1 U_ •r, C) C) iX: m d PQ v GA U `t rn a) .iC(2 `d N N N N N N \D CO .j• \O LA VliUb rnrl C)� ci 1-1 t`l D\ D\ O O c'1 CD O id OJ rr 0 CO O : OJ i`l O N v-1 N 0 N N N a -i N h'1 n N .-1 N Cp vl [� t m'O+� d r-1 •ri Vl V1 c -i c0 ON N N �o n Vr n .-1 O\ U O U O =i' t'1 ;f n Vl Vl N L` O\ N O. �, �. CZ' . . . . • o • • . a e • a U p r -I O O O O O O O 1-1 a-1 O N 0 O H 4- 0 .rt 'A � co � -j' Cl -0 Ll -0 O .-i .•-i O CO CO I -i .rl e7 .-i .-i O ri N N N .-1 O (''l .-i -4 w zt ,04 H y JG a 7 td t) . O • as DDG to N E..^,•� rn D\ .3• -=i' O V\ N N N \D Vl �o O\ r,l C) ::5 4-i V1 Vl Cl n Vl Vl rl n n ON C' \ O\ t•1 N . O f O4i i -A O O O O O O O O O O r -i O s q O U a> H H c N m'O+� d r-1 •ri Vl V1 c -i c0 ON N N �o n Vr n .-1 O\ U O U O =i' t'1 ;f n Vl Vl N L` O\ N O. �, �. CZ' . . . . • o • • . a e • a U p r -I O O O O O O O 1-1 a-1 O N 0 O H 4- 0 .rt 'A � co � -j' Cl -0 Ll -0 O .-i .•-i O CO CO I -i .rl e7 .-i .-i O ri N N N .-1 O (''l .-i -4 w zt ,04 H y JG a 7 td t) . O • as DDG to O n -i 4� U N N Si d ,rl w •r, C) C) O Id co O CO •1i U p 2S N `d N tl .O d O a ,I 14 f : W Ulj O O U to to � O N CJ i Nr♦ a� xp aha O U i r1 EJ 4 i C7 . pp) •' 4-i O a) N Z, •ri L. td C) N tl ri id •ri d) di ma, •: f, 0 p, H t6 N C) .. .. V1 'i N z v u :Citble 2 HILL AREA TI'10-WAY LANE NEEDS AT HOLDING CAPACITY STELLING ROAD DKG Year 2995 Location on Lane Needs Service Stellin.r Road Demand Build Level South of Route 280 1.8 1 2 B No. of Stevens Creek Blvd. 2.3 4 A So. of Stevens Creek Blvd. 4.0 4 B -C So. of Bollinger Road 2.6.. 4 A DKG I T able DESCRIPTION OF ROAD LOCATIONS "A" THROUGH "N" Locati-on A Foothill Blvd. - H Bubb Road - S. .of Steve Crk, Blvd. N. of Rainbow Drive B Foothill Blvd. - I Rainbow Drive - N. of BicClellan Rd. Be of Bubb Road C McClellan Road - J Foothill Blvd. - Ee of Foothill Blvd. N. of Steve Crk. Blvd. 'D. McClellan Road - K Stevens Crk. Blvd. - We of Bubb Road Be of Foothill Blvd. E Bubb Road - L Foothill Blvd. - N. of SPRR Crossing S. of Junip. Serra llry. F McClellan Road - 1Y1 Stevens Crk. Blvd. Be of Bubb Road Y'l. of Bubb Road G Bubb Road - 11 Stevens Crk. Blvd. - e t_7 S. of McClellan Rd. Be of Bubb Road I mKG I.� DWELLING UNITS BY TRAFFIC ZONE Dwel].ine Uni.ts�'* Traffic Totcl -- Can Difference }OC "C" Planning x_ F Area Numbers Zone �1�_ . . Hold_ 810 736 -74. 73t 83t 87, 95,.10j• g 800 988 •x188 63, 640 74 .3 105O 666 —1, 084, 55, 65, 75, 76. 4 590 545 x.45 62 5 1 650 1.083 -567 72o 82, 92 6 650 571 —79 .61 7 1,150 1,149 -1 711 81 g Do}l* 730 +730 900 91, 100, 101 From Division of Highways study which assumes seminary use # Holding Capacity (HC) = the number "C" = the number of dvielling of dwelling u:iits used in units used this study. Alternate in prior studies for the core area. #x See plannin;- department maps DKG V'N\O C> co h• �o < O Cd o I C\l E- ;4 r E W pfd $4 0 NqQ �4 to CIS 0 44th -i 4iED P o 4-' 0 CD \0 \JD L�- -ri :-�> Id 0) -P S4 � CP\ 0 ow t 4-1 0 0 0 C\l id 0 p CH N 0'[7 r0 C�.r P, 0 It o x: d 1 o r -t 4� 0 4� LO o .0 Ids:: m wl o rd 0 -C bD 54 VJ w 0 H 0 0) 0 0 43 r-1 is Cd ti O V) Vr- pq 0 EO 00 fa 4� DKG Service's Levels Lost 4 1 3 2 2 2 5 (7) 4 (9) 4 (6) *Service level deterioration = 1 level per 0.25 two-way lanes (x) = hypothetical Note: See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table 4.for description of zone locations. 2:gble 6A TWO-WAY LANE INCREASES AT ROAD LOCATIONS DUE TO HOLDING CAPACITY DU INCREASES OVER NOVEMBER 1974 DWzLLING UNITS Zone Lanes 2 4 6 8 Total A .46 . o 0. 0 .59 0 0 o 1.05 B .46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o.46 C ..31 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0.31 D 431 0 0 .36 0 0 0 0 0.67 E 0 .07 .12 '.29 0 0 0 0 0.48 F .15 .05 ..12 .07 0 0 0 0 0.39 Z G .15 .12 .25 0 0 Q• 0 0 0.52 H .15 .12 .25 0 0 0 0.. 0 0-52- .52T 1 .15 .12 .99 0 0 0. 0 0 1.26 J .30 0 0 0 .35 .02 .90 .16 1.73 .,� a K .15 o o. 0 .24 .02 :39 .16 o.96 `- L .30 0 0 •0 .35 .02 .90 .66 2.23 M .15 0 0 0 .24 .07 .39 .16 1.01 N .15. .07 .12. .29 .24 '.07 •39 .16 i.49 .Zonal .77 .24 1.24 .36 .59 .09 1.29 .82 Gen. DKG Service's Levels Lost 4 1 3 2 2 2 5 (7) 4 (9) 4 (6) *Service level deterioration = 1 level per 0.25 two-way lanes (x) = hypothetical Note: See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table 4.for description of zone locations. Table _6n TV10-VIAY LANE CHANGES AT ROAD LOCATIONS DUE TO HOLDING CAPACITY DU DIFFERENCE'S FROM ALT. "C" (HC - "C") DKG 2 S Total 0 0 -1.22 0 0 -.09 0 0 -.06 A --09 0:_ 0 0 -1a13 0 0 B -.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 L; -.06 0 0 0 0 0 -•22 D -,o6 0 0 -409 0 0 +.29 E 0• +:11 -.22 -.07 0 0 r H F -.03 f.08 -.22 --02' 0 0 G -.03 +.19 -.43 0 .0 0. H -.03 +.19 -.43 0 0 0 I -.03 +.19 -1.73 0 0 0 a . --06 0 0 o -.68 -.-03 ,.p 'T x --03 0 .0 o -.45 -.03 ': L -.o6 0 0 o -.68 -.03 m -.0g 0 0 0 -.45 -.13 -.22 -.07 -a45 7-13 DKG 2 S Total 0 0 -1.22 0 0 -.09 0 0 -.06 0 0 -.15 0. 0 -.18- 0 0 -.19 0 0 -.27 0 0 -•27 0 0 -1.57 0 +.29 -.48 0 +.2g -•22 o +1.17 +.43 o,: +.29 --32 0 +.29 -050 Note- See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table 4 for description of zone locations. I DKG . ,Tsable PERCENT OF ZONE'S TRAFFIC PASSING THROUGH ROAD LOCATION Zone 4 6 Z 8 A 6o 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 B 6o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .D; 40 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 E 0- 30 10 80 . ,0 0 0 0 F 20 20 10 20 0 0 0 0 G 20 50 20 0. 0 0 0 0 H 20 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 z 20 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 J 4o 0 .0 0 6o .2o 70 20 K 20 0 0 0 4o 20 30 20 L 40 0 0 0 60 .20 70 80 Pd .20 0 0 0 40 80 30 20 N 20 3.0 10 8o 40 80 30 20 Note; See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table 4 for description of zone locations. DKG Table 8 • TWO-WAY LANES (BY ROAD LOCATION) DUE TO 100 DWELLING UNITS AT A ZONE Zone �. �. 4 i 6 Z 8 A 412 0 0 0• .20 0 0 0 .B .. .12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C .08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. D .08 0 0 .20 0 0 0 0 E 0 .06 .02 .16 .0 0 0 0 F s04 .04 .02 .04 0 0 0 0 G .04 .10 .04 0 0 0• 0. 0 H .04 .10 .04 0 0 0 .0 0 0 z .04 .10 .16 0• 0 0 0 0 4. J .08 0 0 0 .12 ..o4 o4 K .04 0 .0 0 .08 .64 .o6 .o4 L '108 0 0 0 .12 ,o4 .14 .16 M .04 0 0. 0 .08 .1.6 .06 .04 N .04 .06 .02 .16 .08 .16 .06 .o4 Note: See Table 3 for description of road locations and Table 4 . for description of zone 'locations. ICU density in DU/Gr. Ac. ..o_4.4 r • bISG LIbIe 9 TWO-WAY LANES AND TRIP ENDS PER DVIELLING UNIT Peak Hour 5 —v�ay TE/D'J 2 -way )_are s /DTT* 0075#* 0002 4a�-7•? 0070x* { Two-way lanes/DU = 1 -way TE/DU Y (700.0 # Conclusion: Use 0.70 TE/DU for all hill densities 1 , g _.. -: Y .h... '.➢� c.-.. '�_� m -.,. _.. .-<. `�-'- _. i =h.. _. t_ -41,2 c S .. a �. _.. 4- -_.._ ".�. „A u I _ _... : _,. _ _ ._ _. ._ ..: .. - _ .arm.: -1 z- -... _. .-. : _,. � - ,. .-s.c _, .- - -- 4r. k :.v.„"_` _. _ .+li•,. -- .". - 1 _ {'- ,._ s_i _. __ _ rte.. •. ,r �--- � s. m.. . - _. .. ,_ ...< : -._ - ., -:. 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F � � E 1:. � �� _ _ _ -�j � =�r a_ _ .3-r F-_`_'lt�� _ - } _ , � T l �� - t - ! l _ -� l// ��;- w- _'-- �}.: ..� �`ti _ 1,�� 3�C i/$` a.. -•-f C�-'e�t� �-ate - �_ ->-[ Lr__ ' -- "- t# , -�. - -�—__ ww4 lir...-'�_-.c'-'t, _.�@��. _ r=-�-�(I `-_-.'� _ _•7 _.->�_-,-'- _ :a lfi'-t' _ . _ s - MOM \ �k�-�t`I�t �i �, - i' l._ � / r i� \C�'� _G, A _ //) �//.:1' \ '� //11 n /! In . I. 'f.:��__ _tm_:_ Y .tt '�tFi-�vxrii•��[�_-itix.�us��.f��i`L'�'i��r�Ot-i,_:'i"-- ".- _ _ �Y<s . �� L�>% In • FI .r 1 3�eQ �', ♦1.1, 1 1 t ieFe 'a��4�" r. I 'I; V Gi,_�_ IP"� milt. �i ii, 21 �A A i I _j J� -!j ,:1 -tip fv W, �- I I — 21� L "k, �Z, A_,.; - - "i t __j[Z - -- A0 a 77, Zvi in r it % - rI 4 NVIA % k . 7, ft "7-7— x s.__jWiz- 7_1 -JIF Cis it 'At, o4 - r. J it -,iii�'i � •N�:w' 1Z, -W 7 It V --w i v -fi F77 'lip i;4 .... ... it - I r ik 7, c- itrj all Ntl L f Ji j c ILJL- v oil No 0 W or d m L 4_ T I IF 7't I' T If 4� a [rte F j 7 -". 7, C-4 - YO11 V11211A Y, if Vk X. r ♦t EJE t lr,�Ll IT g V 717 ps 8t au �:Vi z/� 3z �;, 6 .4 f 1"I 1`r-�00 114-1 1,T ji _41 ROAD SYSTEM, IN THE HILL. AREA WithinCupertino Sphere- of Influence CLUSTERING OF DEVLOPMENTS ARTERIAL ROAD COLLECTOR ROAD LOCAL, ROAD FIRE TRAIL 86,022 AL/mc 13 March t75 0 t000 2000 3000 4000 50DO I -I , .25 .50 .75 - I mi. I"= 2000' SCALE 1+24.oSo capenlool planning department GENERAL PLAN STUDY V Hill Area General Plan 5. SCHOOLS t �6 l� p.. 80,051.3 81,003.3 81,003.22 AL/tm March 24, 1975. Rev. April 17, 1975 Hill Area General Plan. SCHOOLS ---------------------- Cupertino's sphere of influence is served by Cupertino Union School District (Kindergarten, Elementary Schools and Junior High Schools), by Fremont Union High School District, and by Montebello Elementary School District which maintains one small school in the hill area. (Sce attached list and map.) The first two Districts serve a population in Sunnyvale and San Jose much larger than the population in Cupertino including the County "islands" within Cupertino's sphere of influence. The "yield" of students per dwelling unit has dropped rapidly since the 1970 census. This "yield" factor is a component of three different factors: age distribution, composition of households, and proportion of various types of dwelling units within the District. These factors are changing rapidly, and the 1970 census is now misleading. When basic data from the 1975 Santa Clara County census are available, they can be compared to 1970 figures and to U.S. long-range forecasts. A combina- tion of these data with data now computerized by Cupertino School District and with an accurate distribution of types of dwellings according to the revised General Plan will. provide the basis for a long-range forecast of enrollment and reserve capacity of each school. 'The following interim conclusions can s--fely'be made from now available data, provided that there will be no sudden major reversal of the present drop in fertility. 1. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "City Plan"; The schools in Cupertino Elementary School District will have enough capacity even when the City is fully built up, provided that the demand on the capacity of each school. is equalized through busing or through realignment of attendance area boundaries. However, should the "neighborhood school" concept be maintained (meaning that most students would be able to walk to school), one elementary school. may be located on the Catholic Church property, and possibly another on Seven Springs Ranch. A detailed analysis would be necessary to decide assignment areas. 2. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "County Plan": This density is too low to support neighborhood schools within new development areas. Busing to other schools in the district would be necessary even if the neighborhood school concept were maintained in principle. 3. Outside the Urban Service Area: This area would not have enough population to maintain more than the existing Montebello School, even when. fully built up with the, highest density under discussion (the "County Plan"). Busing would be'necessary because of the long distances within this part of the hill area. If:, in the future, residents in this area would choose to join Cupertino Union Elementary School District, there is enough capacity. to accommodate the students from the present Montebello School District. F. Hill Area General Plan SCHOOLS IN CUPERTINO UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT AND FREMONT UNION HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT ---------------------------------------------- ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 81,003.3 81,003.22 80,051.3 AL/tm March 24, 1975 Rev. April 17, 1975 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Within Cupertino City Limits: 36. Collins 17. 37. Cupertino 1. Eaton 38. Hyde 2. Faria 39. Kennedy 3. ..Garden .Gate 40. Miller 4. Lincoln 41. Ortega 5. Monta Vista 24. Inverness 6. Portal Luther. 7. Stevens Creek 27. 8. Wilson (closed) HIGH SCHOOLS Within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence: 42. Cupertino 30. Nimitz 43. Fremont 9. Doyle 44. Homestead 10. Jollyman 45. Lynbrook 11. Older 46. Monta Vista 12. '13. Regnart `Sedgwick (closed) 47. 48. Sunnyvale ..Blaney 14. Stocklmeier k 15. West Valley Outside Sphere of Influence: *May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties, which are within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence. 16. Blue Hills 17. Calabazas Creek (closed) 18. De Vargas 19. Dilworth 20. Eisenhower 21. Grant 22. Hansen 23. Hoover* 24. Inverness 25. Luther. 26. Meyerholz 27. Montclaire* 28. Muir 29. Murdock 30. Nimitz 31. Panama 32. San Antonio (closed) 33. Serra 34. Stichter 4 35. Warren (closed) i k *May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties, which are within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence. s t fk kT1 7 V i4o. F jf�fim� M. vl 447 L T_ 'TUf! 11-:1 &Q.. Jf 7 rr t t IF Au 7-7— T 4;__7f�j� 1-3, iw tr A 'Lna KA .. z7 Qf_ g iL :k- b t571% -pi it , /`J _*` Al V rTr—,n 03 m 7 ej 16 -flo 4 SCHOOL DISTRICT: BOUNDARIES 8c SCHOOLS FREMONT- HIGH SCHOOL. DISTRICT BOUNDARY.. ALSO BOUNDARY ;OF DE ANZA COMMUNITY COLLEGE -ASSIGNMENT AREA WITHIN FOOTHILL- COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT... CUPERTINO UNION - SCHOOL DISTRICT- BOUNDARY , :ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WITHIN CUPERTINO CITY LIMITS ra SERVING SPHERE OF INFUENCE OUTSIDE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS r J 0 5000' 10,000' 4.1 0 2 mill cfty of GENERAL 'PLAN, STUDY cupeninu Planning depanment DTE:' March 3, 1975 File Number 80,051 AL/TG Cz20100' 1:24,000 • Hill Area General Plan UTILITIES; 14ATER RESOURCES r. 14 Hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply DWELLING UNITS IN WATER SERVICE AREAS (Approximate numbers) AL/jk 81,003.3 Feb. 28, 1975 Table 1 ----- N.d. -------------------------------- Exist. or under constr. 11/1/74 --------------------------------- Holding ca acitv(fully built up) Calif. San Jose Cupertino Calif. San Jose Cupertino Water Co. Water Wks. Water Utjl. Water Co. Water Wks. Water Util. 02 262 525 262 525 03 630 630 12 422 543 21 579 665 22 224 225 319 320 30 418 640 "31 477 904 32 212 1048 33 356 361 23-2 1848 3333 2884. •40 389 537 41 881 .. 1302 ' 42 100 480 100 561 -50 124 122 51 152 908 152 1394 1646 480 .908' 2213 561 1394 y1 523 571 62 366 545 63 "100 '241 100 312 64 506 541 ' 606 1130 641 1428 70 159 181 71 649. 774 72 276 488 73 138 221 81 168 375 -82 456 533 83 125 198 " 159 1812 181, 2589 Church 730 Regn.C. 166 7-Spr. 3 19 535 19 1431 TOTAL .4187 3053 3850 5727 4086 6842 AL/jk '81,003.3 March 5, 1975 Mill Area General Plan: Hater Rev. Resources and Supply ?larch 24,'1975 Table 2 NATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND TABULATION FOR 10-11R. PEAK DEMAND CITY OF CUPERTINO MUNICIPAL -------------------------------=--- HATER UTILITY ----------------- Nov. 1 Holding _ 1974 Capacity** Dwelling Units 3,850 5,000 6,642 Population (approx.) 11,500 15,000 20,500 Demand: Million gallons Fire reserve*** 1.950 , 2.250 2.600 Domestic 2.500 3.300 4.500 Miscellaneous 0.400 0.550 0.700 Total reserve 4.850 6.100 7.800 Supply: Million gallons Tank .2.000 4.000 .. 4.000 Pumping 1.500 2.100 2.100 Additional supply**** - - 1.700 -Total..supply 3.500 6.100 7.800 •'Alternative, assuming no additional storage tanks except those programed or pumps, in 1974-75 budget (2 million gallon .tank and increase in pumping capacity). Adopted General Plan, "Foothill Residential" slope -density formula (0-4.4 DU/ac.). f** Elwyn E. Seelye: Data Book for Civil Engineers Design, Vol. 1, p. 20-03. ';*** Provided by additional tank or additional pumps. AL/tm 81,003.31 March 6, 1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SEWERS • ------- The Cupertino Sanitary District serves all of the City of Cupertino, "islands" under County jurisdiction but more or less surrounded by Cupertino (not including Rancho Rinconada), and also fairly large areas in San Jose and Saratoga. At present, about 207 of the dwelling units served by the District are located within the city limits of San Jose and Saratoga. The District is prepared to extend service into nearby hill areas, if population density justifies this. .The Sanitary.District- adopted a Master Sewer Plan in November 1964. Included in the plan are two maps indicating existing and proposed trunk -sewer lines, also assumed future density in the service area. Four tables -were included: 1.. ..Analysis of the existing sewer.system. For each trunk is indicated diameter in inches, velocity in feet per second and resulting capacity in gallons per hour. 2. Criteria for design of the revised master sewer plan; the table ..lists five different densities in dwelling units per acre, corresponding persons per dwelling unit, and as a result five figures of persons per acre; sfuthermore gallons .per day per person and resulting gallons per day (average IN .and peal: flow) per acre. (; 3. Analysis of land use by trunk service areas. The number of acres in each type of development with the same criteria is indicated. 4. Table of the computed ultimate sewer flows in each service area. :Here each section of trunk lines is listed between the points where other sewers join the trunk. .::The City of Cupertino Planning Department has computed the ultimate number -:of dwelling units, the number of persons, and the peak flow in gallons per ,day in each trunk service area on basis of the data in the District's tables. :(There are minor differences in resulting gallons per day because of rounded figures.) The result is the attached tables and Diagrams 1-3: dwelling unit's in trunk service areas; population in trunk service areas; million gallons per day (peak flow) between trunk service areas. The entire area served by the District would contain 24,549 dwelling units with 84,994 persons and the outflow would be 11,835,000 gallons per 'day .peak flow. (Naturally these figures are approximate.) -1- 1 0 r�). 0• AL/tm .81,003.31 March 6,.1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SEWERS (cont'd.) It is seen that some of the trunk service areas have two or more outlets and that trunk sewers interconnect in various ways. It is noted that if four trunk'service areas (E, K, L and M) in the central part of the City are combined, these interconnections will disappear from the diagram. Diagrams 4-6 have been prepared of this simplified system; the sewer system will then be represented as a tree branching out. (There are, however, smaller cross --connections between the trunk lines for diversion purposes, to provide more flexibility in the event specific areas do not develop exactly as anticipated.) The number of dwelling units in the now adopted part of the General Plan (1974) and tentatively calculated number of dwelling units in the hill areas has been applied to the trunk service' areas 'of°"thp;sewer system. Diagram 7 indicates dwelling units with these;assumptiohs. (Population and .million gallons per day peak flow have not been'caiculated so far.) The number of dwelling units in this diagram is approximate because neighbor- hoods for which dwelling unit calculations have been made and trunk service -,areas do not coincide. As far as only outflow from residential areas is considered, it seems that -there is considerable excess capacity in the Sanitary District's Master Plan, compared to the City's present General Plan. The reason for this is that the District assumed considerably higher density in several residential .areas of%Cupertino and also assumed that residential development with a ,density of one dwelling unit per acre would extend a considerable distance up in the hill area. , Calculations assume that the constant factors for persons per dwelling unit and gallons per person still apply. In case of the former factor there actually has been a considerable lowering since the District's Master Plan was adopted, which results in additional excess capacity in residential areas. The gallons per person and day have kept fairly constant, according to the 'Sanitary District. -On the other hand, the electronic industries now in operation in Cupertino or -in the planning stages are heavy water users and therefore discharge large volumes into the sewer system. This was not entirely anticipated in the .District's 1964 Master Plan, and counterbalances the decrease in anticipated ,population. -The outflow from the northeast corner of the City and the treatment plant in San Jose is shared with parts of the cities of Santa Clara and San Jose and ,:with several unincorporated County areas. A new interceptor line for this outflow is under design, with additional purchase into the treatment plant; this will have some safety factors incorporated in order to handle "peak" flows and also the possible inclusion of Rancho Rinconada as a long-range plan. -2- is iLO 13 AL/tm 81,003.31 March 6, 1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Rill Area General Plan SEWERS (cont'd.) It has been questioned whether it would be possible to count backwards along the sewer trunk lines to find out the maximum.number of dwelling units and population that could be accommodated by the sewer system. Such computations would be extremely complicated because of interconnection of sewer lines and because certain sections of the sewers have excess capacity and others do not. It would be impractical without the use of a computer. It is desirable to make more accurate calculations' which would bring the core area, the infilling area and the hill area sections of the General Plan together in one document. Dwelling units would then be recorded either by block or in the form of a "dot map" with different symbols for different types of dwelling units, each dot representing 10 dwelling units, for instance. This would lead to more exact division of the dwelling units between the trunk service areas. A better estimate of the number of persons per dwelling unit would be made by comparing 1970 and 1975 census. Also, a more exact measure- ment of non-residential areas is needed. —3— Veb .26 RtIA"t* I CUPERTIN6 GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,033 31 L 1 Cupertino 'A'Mb" Trunk Service Area E 14 G H I , DU Very Low I DU/ac 1,148 2 f I Low 2 45: 3 Medium 3.5 287 4 817 3 Medium High 9 1997 5 1,006, High 15.. . ..... .... Total Dwelling Units 90' Pop. (4 pers./DU) .583 2,330 ---2.7472 (4 (3 4,592 3 180 364 ..Total population 14 G H 304' 1,148 45: :1 2 91 1765: 287 975 817 3 1997 206 1,006, 416 90' 2'438 200 .583 2,330 ---2.7472 1;216 4,592 180 364 3,060-,--- ----3,900--- —3 268 2,991 618 3 018 1,248 1;314; 270 12 _7,;365; 2,036 8;314! 9,472 _ ..-_- - "",..""° .. Feb. 20 ��L -CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT - — Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81 ,003.31 --- - - 111 121 (3) CService oArea NTrunk I J R L E E. ..... DU Very Low 1 DU/ac '318' ' z " 2 Low it I i_ I ' 311 - ...__---.._. Medium 3.5 ........ 860:. ; (: 140.. _. 49 I ° 4 Medium High 9 "_ _ 2;426 ;558 1885 266 --- 5 - - —. High 15 -- ---- I - - ----------- i 692 ---- -- - I- : 192 =-- - - -'— _ 6 Total Dwelling Units 3,604. 1,250 1',217. 315j I` .., I _ 8 --- Pop (4 pens./DU) _- . I,272 10 11 (4 11 / 11) I 3.,440 7,278 :__, .�- 1,674'. ! _ 560.---_196 -2,655 ... 798: (3 - - -12 11(3 2,076... '576; 576 1 3 _ Total Population 11990 .,. 791; 9 94 14 , 15 PG/D (120 /pers.)— 11 (120 152,640: -- ill 16 ;I3,' ' 17 " (120 / " ) :'412.)800 67 200 23,520 8 (112.5/ ) 818,775 f 188,325 298,688 _,- 89,775 19 ^ (112.5/ " ) -. -� '233 550. 641800 -- 20 - ----- Peak Flow, gallons/day -. - .. g 184+ 215 ;3 _..-421,875'.. 430,688_.....'--113,295 21 2 22 (Acres1'z 23 Industrial ` 24 " Public i.--- 12 26 " . Quasi -Pub. I I : j 2 26 Total acres. int. non -res. 59!9 1131 2i i-:22 2 78 1 2 x 1500 ....-._.. .. I..:.:.. I i.. i. ... _ I .:. i ..... � .. ? _....Z'. 28 ... Peak Flow, gallons/day '89,850 '196,800 33',300 117,150 12 29 I 2 30 Acres Parks I -�I ----- ----._ — - - --- 3 31 _ Utilities i 3 32 Total'acres ext. non -res. ... 33 X 150 = I I I 3 34 Peak Flow, gallons/day 3 35 36 3 z OTAL PEAL; FLOW, gal./day 1,474,065 618,675 '463,98 230,445 I3 39 _ 09 - 3 40 1�. I ( I. 4 IMI II AL! DAIC CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT `°°! -AL Feb.20 . ... .. ._-. uRRov co e• 1975 Revised Plaster Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31 •-- (•. -II c Cupertino11 L ;i Trunk Service Area M N TOTAL Y-4 Ln rl , M n 1 F l • • ON 6 1 N J J 1 ILA O J M -1 �C . h O '01, M vl O t 1 J .O N a0 O 0.7 I N M M 0 .. 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WATERSHEDS.. FLOOD STUDY AR EA WATERSHED BOUNDARY INUNDATION .'AREAS r I( STEVENS- CREEK AL 100 YEAR, NATUR FLOOD PL N + E7 if DISTRICT WATER oI4 �Z SOURCE:SANTA CLARA_VALLEY� CRY c -4 7 cuppR1610 STUDY GENERAL -1 PLAN < pl=tns dzImIrtment `28, 1975 -61,003.22 JANUARY r 4 'd f Is, 19 Yt Bose . 0 p Comh;tted from U SIG S Zonfour M! p ond d:Mcg By The City of.Cuperfino Department F"Ziblic Wop� Reolsed Jul Hill Area General Plan SCENIC RESOURCES; PARKS 0 s, AL/tm 81,003.22 April 18, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SCENIC RESOURCES; PARKS ---------------------------------------------------- ------------- • For existing and proposed parks, see inventory under "Land Use"'. The text for this chapter is being prepared, and certain exhibits made reproducible. Up-to-date information on the status of parks proposed by the Mid -Peninsula Park District will be included. c I* J -•� a J v p� �f� � ��... p� I `q a Oj aye o , �� r�q�"'/moi\r.: '♦' ,- \Aill®r7 10 I 1 Lam Krim --.4U GAwvaF']i1"'Ifl! „4t j '\ \_ ' . F-1 r 7 �� rri. �, � l�Wi:it MU-'C{,ft +.m.: E�-tE c^♦<3Fl€_..l - -3-4i.�i%ftc�� .-.... �ac,.as..ay-a•-u��sl..•..s�... - F "-� _ - - a u r, � J e - ;u' •'cam,-,-\' ! - i _� 1_ it , '.+. � / ��,�/ T � 1 I � ii-Ez-.- �•. I A.- 1'• .aay� ,. ,y— I 11 'i; ' \ - c- A,. ( �-� 8 — `•: - �. 4TH ,moi : �': ,:,...a p,. ., .y f .,�-�_-_ -- � .'...-_ € •� _ of 6 tw:s. ,,,�..• '.t = :> • aY, I `F - w2=,' � `-:-i ,2 ■l/� -� F-� r;� � --� - _) �. i N _ -dr � \ �i I' - � _ .. „,... �.�� r�- ` - _ �� ,p LLLLiiJJ gj d , �- �- i - .--� _ r , \� � / / �� .-dam..- _�• D J r -,r-r_ �!"- ._ ..: :%d R:. (�^-} __- �-� 'l ..v-j/+w��ci - .. -- \ L \ t '.b� ` ��l .[ ,rirwr-------•-. 1 Tl ` v..�a [ y�„.�-�•s��\\�.� q':_ �•' •s� \ .,-y ,, _ :. L• r7 j - K� mr^. +' t _:f•.-! i ( rte- _N,i �_; r ,sem ,rl �� :> ) , mit: G 0- 4 — r -'{ 1 • c” '-.a.:� �- _ f>. F .irk < }'r'�s y -- l _ i '1-�� '� _ __ - t_ •� 1 _ - 1-J •- dab \ i { - u r r - L zzz •w tv_;--`c�r`� /. i i'!l �(r •I/ �./i - lv �� I: _ ��.\\ -� i� _ y N.f•}:_y -iid *li i\ .Ii� ' t -��- ` k r �- � .'•\l�—! e4iY:R>�ieoi��Rlas_-...-.5�.��.LT.v,uc�+� -•- -- K ♦ 1 '^ - PUBLIC PARKS '"�/� /��, ,\ �� ` \:-:\�L iii:. \,�i � � F�� • < : �; °9' _ _- MID -PENINSULA PARK DISTRICT � ��\ _�1� ,�' �,;,�A_moi �.1;�. poo _ . �;G�v • � �FREMONT OLDER PRESERVE (option exercised) J4_ BLACK MOUNTAIN PRESERVE (acquired) PERMANENTE CREEK RANCH (acquired) SANTA CLARA COUNTY I STEVENS CREEK PARK ( upper section developed) SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT i m m m j r - ' STEVENS CREEK RESERVOIR AREA (PUBLIC USE) 81,003.22 r 7 July X75 I"= 2000• 1 cit of Cupertino g - GENERAL PLAN STUDY planning Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 .Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES HISTORICAL INVENTORY OF CUPERTINO'S HILL AREA Up until this time, Cupertino has not had a comprehensive list of historical points of interest, places or sites,.compiled for the.City. Following is a list of sites within the area covered by the Hill Area General Plan that are registered on the National and State lists as well as sites that have been part of. the Santa Clara County inventory. There is also a list of potentially significant historical sites in the hill area of Cupertino's sphere of influence. As yet, none of the latter have been certified or added to the County list. It is suggested that these sites be considered as part of the Statewide inventory and be submitted to the Historical Heritage Commission for approval. List of Site/Structures of Historical Interest in the Hill Area of Cupertino• State of California Historical Landmarks: Arroyo de San Joseph de Cupertino - 12/14/64 Original name of Stevens Creek. The arroyo extends from the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains north to .• San Francisco Bay. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza stopped at the creek March 25, 1776. He had been commissioned by the Spanish authorities to establish a point to be known as Mission Dolores, San Francisco and determine the geography ---between what is now San Diego and Sonoma. The expedition .was intended to establish a land route north to colonize northern California and thus thwart off Russian encroach- ment. ::S.tate of California Points of Historical Interest: 'Fremont Older Ranch ,Built and owned by Fremont Older in 1914. He was the crusading, colorful editor of the San Francisco Examiner. He commuted to the City from the Ranch from a special railroad stop. A small study of his is made out of original adobe taken from a house in San Jose. The Mid Peninsula Regional Park has an option to buy. the Ranch. Inventory of Historical Landmarks and Sites in Santa Clara County: Montebello School - 11/74 A one -room schoolhouse founded by a neighborhood group, including the Picchetti's, still functions with one teacher and 14 pupils from kindergarten through fourth grade. Built in 1892. Chateau Ricardo Winery Built 1885. Site only, no structure. -1- TK/tm 81,044 .April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan f HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ----------- I ------------------------------------------------ • List of Potentially Significant Historical Sites: Picchetti Winery Family arrived in 1872 and worked at the Villa Maria Vine- yard. The charming house was built in 1880 and the winery was added sometime afterward, around 1896. Ridge Vineyard - Peroni Family Originally 1,500 acres of productive grapes.. Still pro- ductive commercial vineyard. The house was built in 1915. Maryknoll School - Catholic Church Property Significant architecture and landmark. PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF.HISTORICAL RESOURCES The recognition of historical resources can take two forms. There is a certification procedure which.involves the Federal and State governments recognition of historical sites and the inventory or survey at both the State and local levels to aid in -identification �.._ of all historical resources. After a resource has been identified, • :p•roceedings can begin for registration. The following is a summary of the three registration programs: A. Registration 1. National Register of Historic Places. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 established a funding program which would enable the National Park Service to maintain a register of districts, sites, .buildings, structures and objects that met the -specified criteria. Those sites listed on the register would be eligible for 50% matching grant-in- aid funds for acquisition and development of projects. 'The criteria used for selecting sites for the National Register are twofold: a. Sites are chosen because they have retained their integrity in terms of the fabric and setting which .closely resembles the original structure. Some tangible remains must be left that are, indicative of the original historic site. The more intact the site is. the more chance it has of making the register. �• b. A site is selected because it is associated with persons or events that were significant in the area; or it has potential for new -2- �0 'TR/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) information as in archaeologic sites; or because it is representative of the type of design or the period of construction which is appropriate to the time of construction. A structure built by a master builder would also qualify for the National Register. 2. State Historical Landmarks. The most important certification program in the State is the Landmarks Program. Itis monitored by the California Historical Landmarks Advisory Committee which functions as a screening body for the Director of Parks and Recrea- tion Department. Each landmark registered is eligible for a landmark plaque. TheFe are approximately 860 .California historical landmarks. The criteria for registration under this program is as follows: a. 'Whether or not the site has overall significance to the history of the State. b. Whether the site is the first, last, only, most significant or most representative of its type in the region. This applies to the structure or site which is deemed to be significant as submitted by a private or governmental agency. The original 769 registered landmarks in the State were registered without the above criteria. Since that time, the criteria has been established and is used in the screening process. 3. -The State Point of Historical Interest. This program was established to make it possible to.register sites of local historic interest that failed to meet the criteria for registration in California Historical Landmarks Program. In order to..make the historical interest list, it is necessary for the County Board of. Supervisors in the area to approve the applica- tion in order to verify that the site is significant to the history of the local area. Being placed on any of the registers does not necessarily preserve the historical site. official action by the local jurisdiction on acquisition of the property is necessary in order to preserve the historical resource. B. Inventory There are many jurisdictions both public and private involved in inventories and surveys of historical TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ----------------------------------------------------------- • resources, particularly in Santa C1ara.County. The State is conducting a Statewide survey to identify resources of historical, archaeological and architectural significance. The State is interested in.listing all resources that are significant to the history of the area, community or State, with no regard to the time of con- struction or the age of the structure. The concern is .that a comprehensive list be made to help in a land use plan for the State and to have a well to draw from for future certification. Such an inventory will be bene - 'ficial on the local level to aid in the evaluation of developments. -The County is conducting an inventory in conjunction with the Statewide inventory. ,It is being handled by _ the Historical Heritage Commission which was established by the Board of Supervisors in March of 1973. A pre- liminary inventory of historical landmarks in Santa Clara County was done in 1962. Since that time, a number of additional sites have been added; however, there is no new comprehensive list of historical sites. The Junior League of San Jose has.conducted an inventory themselves .o.f.cul;t.ural, r.ecr.ea.tional and historical sites in Santa Clara Valley. Theirs is strictly an inventory recognizing both certified landmarks and other points of interest that have not made any of the previous inventory lists. This list is being expanded and will be available to the public in the near future. There are additionally a whole slew of historical societies in the County. Cupertino has its own his- torical society but they have not compiled a comprehen- sive list of historical sites in the City: Most of their efforts have been directed towards preserving historical sites that exist, namely the Trianon and the E. J. Parrish House. They have also contributed to the folklore of the area by publishing items in the news- paper and by means of newsletters on historical bits of information relating to the City. Funding Opportunities The funding opportunities related to historical preservation are rather limited if almost non-existent. The only registration program which has funds attached to it is the National Register of Historic Places. In this program, there is a 50% matching grant made available for preservation of and acquisition of sites listed on the National Register. The Director of the California. State Department of Parks and Recreation has been designated -4- TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan �I.�. HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) . ----------------------------------------------------------- as the State Historic PreservationOfficer to the National Park Service and is assigned the responsibility of dispersing the funds under the act and maintaining the California History Plan. The funds are distributed to the local projects after State survey and planning needs have been met. The distribution is as follows: 50% of the State's allocation will be retained by the State Depart- ment of Parks and Recreation for historic preservation projects and 50% of the allotted funds will go to local projects. Up until this year, the amount of funds available to the State were very limited. This year the grant has been increased and applications have already been made and accepted for the use of the National funds. It is suggested that if Cupertino is interested in obtaining funds through this program that an application be made at the appro- priate time for next year. As it stands now, the only structure in the City that qualifies is Le Petit Trianon since it is the only -one listed on the National Historic Register. Only those .sites on the list are eligible for this particular grant program. The State Bond Act of 1974 has made $90,000,000 worth of grants available to counties and other agencies for the acquisition and development of needed outdoor recreation and historical areas. The City received $47,432 from the Bond Act which has been spent on lights for the tennis court and ball field at Memorial Park. Par.t,of ..the ,County 's .por.tiaa of the Bond_Act funds, approximately $154,000,, has been allocated for restoring eight historic sites in the County. None of the Cupertino sites are on the primary list; however, a secondary list is being compiled which includes the Parrish House and the Oakdell Ranch Tank House. These two projects may possibly receive funds in the event that one of the -•eight primary projects withdraws, otherwise there is no more money available through the State Bond Program for historic preservation. As part of the Housing and Community Development Act, the City has allocated $20,000 to historic preservation to be distributed over the second and third year of expenditure. As yet, no program <has been established for the distribution of the funds. Aside from the programs mentioned, there are no other public funding sources for historical preservation. There are numerous -private foundations which could possibly donate money for his- torical preservation; however, it would be necessary for the City or a private group to make applications to these foundations. -5- me" _Xh Y - ng p X6 - u d A 571 _y 44 3 5 4, 7 V 7jC A =7 -CS 4 ti I z r:1 �nA Q_ R A 15z rx�61;� -NA-a- J m -f �-V _Q1 *:* k 951A �5 i eg— -�7 E, 4 77� a _.. a.. _ _ - . , `. ,(_'•tt__�1� ' \__ 1 -. _ _ ,. 4 \,..ns°�!.!-`t•fy'i`'€ _ .v� " z_. -3 -t -W f, �tt=_ Al Q7 - _Q1 41 Lt k -r �4_4� E -3 li lk --f ra .......... t. -114 _X - �mz_ _ - -. __ - _ � _ _ ��,�- ':: .._ �t \ _t - pJ- �" _ Ec ,x > "- ,+ ( ��:' - Y/ - `r.'� 'ia_ _ _ - - _ 'ice `w.Zs - _"-;�'.. 710' V �J` � ) ' ♦ '�' �.. -. - - y __ __ �-� > - ! .') - (--[ _ - =.az- _ -may +[P-_=�� - - r'rr<-'e'+•.` ia: __y�� _+ _ _s+� - toe tL JKCI v tV r SURVEY OF HISTORICAL SITES IN CUPERTINO POTENTIAL A-1 POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST k A ESTABLISHED P0jNTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST fA PICCHETTI WINERY LE PETIT TRIANON B ARROYO DE SAN JOSEPH DE CUPERTINO 2 RIDGE VINEYARD 79 C ENCAMPMENT 93 -(Arroyo do Son Joseph de Cupertino) 3 BARN a WATER TOWER D J, DE ORO CLUB 4 CHARLIE BAER BLACKSMITH SHOP D E E.J. PARRISH HOUSE 5 OLD HOUSE IN MONTA VISTA F BEAULIEU WINERY 6 MARY KNOLL SCHOOL >v a G MONTEBELLO SCHOOL 7 ELI HA STEPHENS HOMESTEAD Op I xl I r j--\ w 8 J.T. DOYLE fiOME AND WINERY CHATEAU RICARDO WINERY TANK HOUSE -(Nathan Hall Property) L J GLENDENNING HOUSE A S_ , >1w K FREMONT OLDER RANCH l"Z2000, TK/mc 28 MARCH '75 81 ,044.2 chv !!,14 dep2rLment GENERAL PLAN STUDY n Hill Area General Plan AIR QUALITY r� V AL/tm 81,003.22 April 18, 1975 Hill Area General Plan „ AIR QUALITY. ---------------------------------------------------------------- A verbal statement will be made on April 21; certain exhibits describing climatological factors will be prepared later. L 4 Hill Area General Plan 10. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES C. \• AL/tm 81,003.22 April 18, 1975 Hill Area General Plan AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ----------------------------------------------------------------- The Planning Commission has heard the very comprehensive report of Peter Lert on the agricultural resources.(or non -resources) in the hill study area. A rough transcript of tape recording exists. A properly edited text will be completed later. 0 L — r . -e ._. `. _ _ ,f< ,1.6.-. .,. .}: '�,.�_• - :ter.: �" •# f-`+- - - _ _ '� t-...�. ice,: ME =�> - i�l. - OEM_ y ( - , -, Z" � .. (~v ii �7'��,•"3 .... ". .. , v f_--? f ��—��c_. VVi��1 _ _ �.r;r :W-- a 1}-c. - r - - i•. _v. _ - ?_ :a' '-J� e _ " _ _ _ _ - � , , in `�:tt- -.... -`-,- ,. /' .4 e ,. � f "- R♦ � : =k'. _� -+.. ��-r Y -" b+yr .+�._ _... ._. 4 t. •L Fv _ - moi.` F ^: _ j :LE i. `--ii_.1 E.-1-� - ..:,.,-_. yam.. _." 3... V ✓.. <, -v "�:, - _.s--} _... 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F' ::Y' -. f� J�i:.t _ V1 ` ___ e Y _'1T� 1�-� l ' .:��. .r$..-qc*�F� ` � �` . z` T ('-�"...:.- [� ��. _L"�.._ •R'/t-r{ �,��r� � r,--_. 3 �-3' � .v" c � \ \ � l � `'- l �u o'�s>�,}}..� wi' w •�'�`.•=)E� -� kJ �� '-.' r k 7" �~ _ _, f�:�:' "tl�� O - _w \ � `'3 � 1 � 4 �1. Yzf.r. lj�'.pwf t� � 1 i �r.• -.�� 1 r � ��._-tl. , � -,t �� -_�2; ��I Yf �? i—u_"-1 �l�T l .1:i� / � `\ 1;I r��J / " ��. �•i•4 1 y T�� v -f � t ""�� TTT _ _ ��`�\ is i • S s7 @ ({tt "�- -. 4�r t'�I '+ KL ,;fft�`iir,'t^'- /` N00 _ o /�� '\._:-\ ♦ -j \\. .� / tiJ� 0 1. •.Li 1,s :yr. '. Sj"_:- Y•L `r T�"� C T � '� 1:1'��F/-�- - \ .2-'! -�\ �� _ � :h-- ->s✓ y�s- �`� �:. , LJ= ii -'7.�}}G � - �� ';f--, ��`. ��5':t - �'^. 77_�• ti.�i 6 ..��1�\ r+oo . J .p,'4 -I / tl� l I _ - ,:!1'.�,,.*'`." ,�"Lsf,.•y "�"'r (, ¢Ile`j t t;jf� :LE -..."1 ( 3r_a - - ",' � .1:' J - _'�` 'r4 \ I "\\- ` �"`�yt- �•�`'--',c !.L_ �-'��'J 'i"...�rF.� x� �tF"tet- `�1Lr1-� - --- ,: ��;��./"" _- t mil l, � / - �= AGRICULTURAL USES .� y,\(�, G GREENHOUSE LANDS UNDER 'W ILLIAMSO " v L.. ACT CONTRACT i ;!� . � �� .- � ��p��;�� i� _ i t�< _ / ;i _ gyp• -. _ � - - v'� At.� PRESENT AGRICULTURAL USE 1 �l, it��li �� IJ/ I��/lr � ��sa?�✓,� �• y��" '�-"'iA y -�� _ 'L_ r r " a ) 7 _ ) i ' N a4 `��-� \ .•) \5 :. O " 0 _ 5000` 10,000•. CRY io C� - cupert"uGENERAL PLAN STUDY dUanment DATE,: March 3, 1975 FILE NO -81,003.22 AL/TG I'•=2,000 ['2400 • Hill Area General Plan 11. MINERAL RESOURCES 106 Hill Area General Plan MINERAL RESOURCES ,. + AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 The hill area within Cupertino's sphere of influence contains a major deposit of limestone, quarried for manufacturing of cement. There is also a large quarry producing crushed rock. Gravel and sand deposits are not quarried at present. An Environmental Geologic Analysis of the Montebello Ridge Study Area was made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department. This extensive study is utilized for the Mineral Resources and Geologic Stability sections of the Hill Area General Plan. Mineral Resources The Environmental Geological Analysis of Montebello Ridge Study Area states: "Muchof the study area is underlain by rocks that are potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much' of the potential resources use lies outside the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource value was not made for this limited study. I -f 'residen'tial development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these potential mineral resources will be covered by homes without regard to the concomitant loss of mineral resources. Recommendation --'A countywide or regional mineral resources study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value of available specific mineral resources. This study would of necessity have to be integrated with County and local policies on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions then could include these resource value :.data in balancing values gained against values lost for any particular development. Environmental impact studies also would have need for these data. The desirability and feasi- bility of extracting these materials for export from the area might also be considered. The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted Jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data in this regard." It seems that until more exact figures for the value of the mineral. resources is available, known substantial resources should be pro- tected by inclusion in a non-residential Mineral Resources Area in the General Plan. -1- AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) --------------------------- Limestone The Geological Analysis states: "Limestone -- Deposits of limestone and interbedded chert exist as minor but significant units within the Franciscan rocks. These limestone -chert units have been used in the past for cement manufacture, crushed rock and sugar re- fining. Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corporation is mining -one of these deposits in the Permanente Creek drainage. Products include limestone for cement manufacture, and limestone -chert for crushed rock material. Until 1951, high-grade limestone also was produced for the sugar re- fining industry. Although this deposit was worked as early as 1900 (for beet sugar refining material), the current large-scale open pit operation was begun in 1939 by Permanente Cement Company (now Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp.) to supply more than 6.5 million barrels of cement for.construction of Shasta Dam (Hart, in press). The Permanente Creek deposit is the largest known lime- stone deposit within the Franciscan rocks in the Coast R,an.ges (Walker, 1950). Its present surface exposure covers a generally triangular area, the sides of which measure approximately 3000' x 3500' x 4000'. Most of the deposit is situated on the north side of Permanente Creek, where the large open pit is being developed. The maximum vertical dimension of the deposit is difficult to estimate, because it is deformed by a complex series of faults and folds. At present, approximately 600 vertical feet of the deposit are exposed in the open pit. Exploratory drill holes indicate that part of the deposit extends further downward (Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp., oral communication)." Crushed Rock The Geological Analysis states: "Crushed Rock ---Material sold as crushed rock is used for a variety of purposes including (in order of decreasing quality of material) concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate, road base, and fill. High quality material must be hard, resistant to abrasion, and non-reac.tive when suspended in a cement or asphalt medium. In the study area, the highest quality crushed rock is the limestone -chert material produced as a by-product of the Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp. opera- , • tion at Permanente Creek, and used for aggregate and road 1;i;. base. -2- AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan i MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) '' • ------------------------------------------------------------- The Neary Quarry adjacent to Los Altos Hills, and the Stevens Creek Quarry northwest of. Stevens Creek Reservoir now produce. crushed rock material for road base and fill. Both the Neary and Stevens Creek Quarries are located in volcanic rock units of the Franciscan rocks." The potential for quarrying of crushed rock exists in many loca- tions of the study area. It seems that a proposed Mineral Resources Area (which includes all'operational quarries in the study area) should cover a sufficiently large area to provide this raw material. Sand and Gravel --------------- The Geological Analysis states: "Sand and Gravel -- In commercial terms, 'sand and gravel' refers to those naturally fragmental materials whose rock and mineral fragments are commonly rounded and range in diameter from 0.003 inches to 3 1/2 inches. Those materials are used f'or much the same construction purposes as crushed rock. C No production of this commodity occurs currently in the study area, except for intermittent operation of the former 'Voss Quarry' at the northcaest edge of Stevens Creek Reser- voir. This quarry and two abandoned quarries downstream formerly produced sand and gravel.from the Stevens Creek member of the Santa Clara Formation. These materials were crushed and used for road base, cement -treated road base, and fill (Goldman, 1964)." Note Abandoned quarries may be used for several recreational purposes, such as an open-air summer theater, a drive-in theater, an athletic stadium, a rifle range; the latter use is common and exists within the study area. It is difficult to determine whether abandoned sand gravel pits should be considered permanently abandoned and, consequently, designed as a recreational area. It seems best to designate the area as a Mineral Resources Area with recreational uses permitted.. -3- AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan �• MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) -----------------------------------------.-------------------- The Mineral Resources Area shown on the Land Use map encompasses the known limestone deposits, the existing crushed rock quarry, and an area of gravel and sand deposits not quarried at present. The area also includes a buffer area, generally to the nearest ridge line. The delineated area is somewhat smaller than the Natural Resources area in the tentatively adopted Conservation Element of Cupertino's General Plan, but larger than the area indicated by the Montebello Ridge Study; the latter does not include buffer areas. -4- Hill Area General Plan 12. VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE �o AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Rill Area General Plan • VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE --------------------------- Vegetation and wildlife have been studied on a countywide basis. Somewhat more detailed mapping of vegetation was made as a part of the Montebello Ridge Study, which encompassed all the hill area within Cupertino's sphere of influence. (This map is not reproducible.) Wildlife in the study area is varied but not so abundant that hunting would be an economic factor. Agriculture is almost non-existent in this area. Discussions with the California Department of Agriculture indicate that agricultural activities in this hill area could not compete with other areas; even the growing of Christmas trees would be more advantageous in areas with more rainfall. Grazing has no great economic importance, except as part of riding stable operations. Except for the fact that protection of vegetation is economically important because it helps prevent landslides and silting, the main reason for conservation of wildlife, trees and plants is the belief that living in completely sterile and artificial surroundings damages mankind and society. Any development, even of parks, will lessen the area which can • support wildlife and vegetation, and will diminish the number of individuals of each species. Some species will retire entirely from the confrontation with man, others will be able to share the area, even if in fewer numbers. The low residential density and the County and Peninsula park systems will preserve most of the wildlife and vegetation. - The inventory and mapping by the County Planning Department has not disclosed any species which are unique to the area or any other specific localized habitats. Therefore, it seems that wildlife or plant reserves can be provided within the park areas. Most of the area is brushland, but there are areas with larger trees such as oaks and conifers. Repeated inquiries have failed to establish for certain whether Montebello Ridge and the lower hills close to the valley once were forested and eventually logged. It•seems likely, however, that they were predominantly brush - land in historic times, and have been partly converted to grass- land by grazing. - A forestation program may be considered desirable as it would increase stability in the soil, consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and provide shade and recrea- tion areas, but may not be economically feasible. Also, it would, of course, change the character of the hills. -1- AL/jk 81,003.22 - July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) -------------------------------------------------------------- • Higher residential density results in an increasing number of dogs and cats and, consequently, an increasing peril to wildlife. Keeping of horses on residential lots may be considered in char- acter with the hill development, and this possibility is indeed a major incentive for people buying homes in hill areas. It is assumed that this practice would-be permitted in the study area, with certain limitations on lot area and location of stables. However, grazing by horses effects changes in vegetation and wildlife. Attachments: 1.' List of Natural Communities, from "A Rlan for the Conservation Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973). 2. Excerpt from a Draft Environmental Report (by ENVIROS, Aug. 12, 1974) on a specific 20 -acre site located at Voss Avenue on the fringe of the hill area. The ecology described in this report may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which strad- dles the boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter valley area. • 3. Schematic map indicating dominant type of vegetation, adapted from a non -reproducible map compiled by the Planning Department of Santa Clara County. • -2- AL/jk 81,003.22 July 3, 1975 Hill Area General Plan .EXCERPT FROM SANTA CLARA COUNTY'S PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES • ---------------- -------^----------------^-------------------------- -In "A Plan for the Conservation of Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973), Thomas Harvey, Diane Conradson, Viola Kenk and S. W. Strand identify the following natural communities within Cupertino's sphere of influence: FRESH WATER ASSOCIATED, permanent: - " it of , intermittent: flowing: - " to to , wet soil: - n " " r GRASSLAND " CHAPARRAL to • FOOTHILL WOODLAND MIXED EVERGREEN FOREST CONIFEROUS*** FOREST SERPENTINE**** AREAS ROCKY OUTCROPS " " — Lakes (reservoirs) Seasonal marshes Live streams Intermittent streams Riparian*lands in valley floor " canyons Outer coast range grassland Inner of " If Hard chaparral** in dry location Soft " wet location - Redwood forest The County Plan also indicates habitats of deer and of San Francisco Garter Snakes within Cupertino's sphere of influence. Powerline clearings are indicated as major deer transit areas. * Riparian ** Chaparral • *** Coniferous **** Serpentine - located on the bank of a stream. - a thicket of stiff or thorny shrubs and small trees. - cone -bearing. - plants associated with weathered serpentine rock. 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 • Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Excerpt from DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT, San Carlos Homes, Voss Avenue Project prepared for the City of Cupertino by ENVIROS, August 12, 1974 Note The following is quoted from an Environmental Impact Report on a specific 20 -acre site located on the fringe of the hill area. The described ecology may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area,.which straddlesthe boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter,valley area. A few references to specific.locations and acreage have been omitted in this quotation. Plant and Fauna Associations The site is an intermediate area between the flat valley floor and the peninsula hills. Not only is the site intermediate in terms of topography but also in terms of vegetation cover. The area in broad terms may be referred to as the ecotone between urban ecosystem of the Santa Clara Valley and the "natural" foothill woodland plant community of the peninsula hills. Another way of looking at the area is as a kind of buffer zone between the two different if not conflicting ecosystems. • The ground surfaces within the project area may be divided into five major divisions on the basis of vegetation.. On the lower, eastern portion of the well as.native trees are the characteristic site, grasses and introduced as plants. The upper portion, the western or hillside, is covered by woody plants brush and two distinct woodland associations. In the northwest corner is a small pond. As is the case in almost all natural systems, zones of interaction and mixing are common. These ecotones are important in con- sidering long range changes taking place in the,different associations as well as the entire system. n Foothill Woodlands This plant community is characterized by scattered trees with an undergrowth consisting insome areas of almost exclusively herbaceous plants, grasses and low shrubs; while in other areas trees may be dense,.with scattered shrubs underneath. A number of herbaceous plants are common. Grass The vegetation element distinguished as grass is by far the most common on the project site. The dominant species are Yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), Yellow Mustard (Brassica campestris), Filaree (Erodium spp.), Wild.oat (Avena fatua) and Ryegrass (Lolium spp.). It is these species along with several others, represented in lesser numbers. A list of species found in lesser quantities follows: -1- 81,003.22 ..July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan . VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) U rnmmnn Nama Curly dock Bur clover Bull mallow Foxtail Fescue Plantain Amaranth Wild radish Morning glory Artichoke thistle Common groundsel Scientific Name Rumex crispus Medicago hispida Malva nicaeensis Hordewn spp. Festuca spp. Plantago laceolata Amaranthus spp. Raphanus sativus Convolvulus spp. Cynara cardunculus Senecio vulgaris The area of the grass element was previously used as a pasture. At an earlier time cattle were also kept in this area. Two consequences of this earlier use are of importance in the present vegetation element: (1) the grass species are largely introduced. Such species are well adapted to the environmental conditions of the area and as such have become well established. (2) These introduced species are well adapted to a disturbed environment. Disturbance, common -at the urban fringe, has long been an important environ- mental factor in this area and is the result of use for grazing as well as development of adjacent areas for orchards. Closed Oak Woodland This vegetation element is the second most common on the site. It is the closed oak woodland which is seen from the valley floor. Dominant species are Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Valley oak (Quercus lobata), California laurel (Umbelularia californica) and Black walnut (Juglans californica). The Coast live oak is however the most common and forms the major element in the.upper canopy or overstory.. The term closed oak woodland is used to distinguish this element from the oak woodland which usually has trees widely spaced with many open areas of grass covering the intermediate areas. In this closed woodland the trees are found growing close enough together as to form an almost completely closed canopy. Under this canopy a second story or layer of shrubs is common. The understory is characterized by several shrubs most common of which are Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis). The ground layer is composed of many of the same species found in the grassland element. This woodland element forms a complex mosaic. Along its eastern margin it grades into the oak woodland which is characterised by scattered oaks and grassland. -2- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) • Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) Plants of the Closed Oak Woodland Element: Common Name Scientific Name Buckeye Aesculus californica Buckbrush Ceanothus cuneatus Red bud Cercis occidentalis Yerba Santa Eriodictyon californicum Gooseberry Ribes spp. Wild rose Rosa californica The major element of disturbance in this element has in the past been, and will continue to be, fire. Like much of the foothill woodland vegetation this portion has become adapted to periodic fires, keeping the second story to a minimum. en Oak Woodland. The open woodland, often when found covering large areas known as savanna, is a sort of half -way country between the foothill woodland and the grass- land. The dominant species in this element are Coast live oak (Quercus • agrifolia) and Valley oak (Quercus lobata). Trees are generally widely spaced with open grass areas between individual trees. Trees are found individually or in small clumps. No intermediate or second story is found in this element. The overstory of oaks and ground layer of grasses con- stitute the vertical composition of this element. Under natural conditions this element was influenced by periodic fires. Such fires, like those in the foothill woodland, kept an understory of brush from developing. With the reduction in fires this element has under- gone notable change. Perhaps the most important change has been the replace- ment of native grasses by introduced species. Cattle which were allowed to roam the hills at will are in large part responsible for the shift from the native grasses to introduced species. The native species, though adapted to fire, were not able to withstand repeated grazing. Brush. The brush element covers only a small part of the site. It is largely confined to the area around a small pond and on an abandoned dam. The dominant species which compose this element are Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.) and Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa). Several thickets composed of Poison Oak (Rhus diversiloba), Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) and Wild rose (Rosa californica) are present. • The brush element is a good example of a successional stage between the grassland and the foothill woodland. Several small Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) plants have become established in the lower part of the property suggesting that the successional process has started. The development of -3- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by'ENVIROS (cont'd.) brush can be seen as a result of decreased fire and grazing on the project site and surrounding area. The brush element is well developed to the west and along with the foothill woodland element comprise the dominant hillside vegetation cover. Ponds. A small pond fed by an intermittent stream and located in the northwestern portion of the site is only about 0.2 acres in area. It was probably used for irrigation water and as a water supply for the cattle and horses which were allowed to graze the hillsides. The pond is not maintained and as such supports a dense growth of cattail (Typha spp.), Tule (Scirpus spp.), Spike rush(Heleochairs spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.). The pond itself is choked with a heavy growth of algae. Because of the intermittent nature of the stream the level of the water is subject to considerable change. On the basis of past water lines it would appear that the water level may change more than six feet between high and low level. At one time another man-made pond existed on the property. This pond • was located between the open oak woodland and the closed oak woodland. At this time the pond has no water in it and is undergoing succession from grass to brush. Several large Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) plants are established in the old pond. The dam has already been colonized by several brush species. It is unlikely that water remains in this pond for any length of time, since the watershed area is amall and the dam is in disrepair. Introduced Species There are several introduced trees probably planted around a house. Those identified were English walnut (Juglans regia), Fig (Fiscus spp.), Silk tree (Albizzia spp.), Pepper tree (Schinus spp.) and Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara). These trees are in a state of decline. Also located along the southern part of the project site are several Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). This introduced tree appears to be well adapted to the area. All are in good condition despite adverse conditions during the past two winters. Wildlife. Only a few of the total possible variety of animals to inhabit.the area were observed on the two visits. Shy animals, or animals with highly specialized habitat requirements have probably already disappeared. • Grazing has caused further disruption. Yet a third disruptive element is the Permanente cement plant. These three factors have resulted in -4- • I • 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- considerable disturbance both on the project site and in the adjacent area. A list of animals one might find on the project site follows: Amphibians Slender salamander Western spadefoot toad Pacific treefrog Bullfrog Western toad Reptiles Fence lizard Alligator lizard Gopher snake Garter snake Pond turtle Ringneck snake Kingsnake Coast garter snake Rattlesnake Mammals Opossum Raccoon Skunk Ground squirrel Gopher. California mole Bats Weasel Coyote Bobcat Rats Mice Jackrabbit Black -tailed deer Open Oak Closed Oak Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -5- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 � 1 U On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered plants or animals Food Chains The 'transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur in complex interlocking patterns. In natural.systems all those organisms which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level. All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth level. -6- Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) • Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------ by ENVIROS (cont'd.) Open Oak Closed Oak Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond Birds Mallard duck X Coots X Quail X X X Pigeons X X X X Doves X X X X Owls X X X Swifts X X X X Hummingbirds X X X X Flycatchers X X X X X Swallows X X X X Jays X X X Magpies X. X X Red tail hawk X X X X Crows X X X X Wrens X X Mockingbirds X X X .X Finches X X X Blackbirds X X X X • Sparrows X X X X Robin X X X Meadowlark X- X � 1 U On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered plants or animals Food Chains The 'transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur in complex interlocking patterns. In natural.systems all those organisms which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level. All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth level. -6- 81,003.22. July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) • Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) On the basis of the possible species list one might envisage a food chain of the following kind: Oak acorn --Ground squirrel --Gopher snake --Red tail hawk. The number of possible diverse and interlocking food chains is considerable. It should be emphasized that with Man food chains are subject to considerable disruption and dislocation. In this area alone man has caused the disappearance of the Grizzley bear and probably the Mountain lion. This has resulted in the removal of the top level of the chain. What this means is that herbivores, such as deer; now have no natural enemy and their populations are allowed to increase beyond natural limits. Man has to a very limited degree replaced the upper level carnivores, but all too often his predation is misdirected. The possible food chain could at any point include man, unfortunately it has often included man at the top since it is not uncommon, though illegal, that people will shoot Red tail hawks. Impacts and Mitigation In all probability the major damage has already been done. The proposed development will only increase the degree of that impact. Since the property has been used for grazing, has been surrounded by orchards which have now been replaced with houses and has a cement plant just to the west the most significant damage has been done. What remains is also subject to adverse impact. Vegeta- tion destruction would be greatest and most permanent if development is allowed • on the hills. Open Oak Woodland will be the most impacted. The Closed Oak Woodland, because of its location on the steeper hillsides, would be less impacted. Generally, most of the.oaks near the pond are in fair to good health, particularly the live oaks. Several of the deciduous oaks are in poor health with insect damage noted in the crowns. On the southwest portion, the oaks are in fair health; a number of trees had thinning crowns and numerous dead small branches and twigs. It is this habitat which probably supports the largest wildlife populations and it is therefore'fortunate that it is found in areas unsuited for development. In landscaping, the developer should emphasize the use of native species. These require less care and in the long run will be more suitable to the climatic changes which have recently caused so much concern in the Bay Area. Further, - the use of native species would provide food and other habitat requirements for native animal species displaced in the process of development. The destruction of vegetation is the greatest potential threat to wildlife. This is because all animals are dependent on plants either directly or indirectly for food and cover, and because any environmental change is reflected in the vegetation it is useful to think of animals as associated with the major vegetation elements. Each animal will respond to change in its own way; few generalizations concerning impact can be made. Also it should be remembered that unlike plants, animals are not restricted to a given site, and can move in response to change. Such movement is however restricted to suitable habitats if such exist in the surrounding area. The animal, faced with • adverse environmental change, must move or die. If an adjacent habitat is -7- 81,003.22. July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) occupied by another individual one must give way to the other. In the natural environment only so many individuals of a given species are able to feed and reproduce in a limited area. Further development will probably result in reductions in the number of reptiles, they will be forced further up the hill. If Coyote and Bobcat are in the area they will also be forced further away from the valley. Birds which will suffer from development will include the Red tail hawk. Most of the species now in the area are already fairly well adapted to the urban fringe and will continue to be found in the area though probably in reduced numbers. The reduction in numbers will be a result of two factors: (1) the destruction of habitat, which provides food and shelter for breeding and protection from predation. (2) As a result of habitat destruction the lower level of the food chain will be disrupted. This would mean that the carnivores will have a reduced food source and will therefore be reduced in numbers. Some species will probably increase as a result of development. Many rodents are well adapted to man and will increase in numbers with development. Rats and mice are the two best examples. Other mammals which are able to live in close proximity to man and not suffer adverse impact are Raccoon and Deer. Both will probably maintain populations similar to those which.they now have. Birds which are able to adapt include Jays, Doves, Pigeons, Crows, Blackbirds, Sparrows and Robins. One species which might enter the area is the Starling • which now can be found in the urban area. The best way to mitigate impact or.. the wildlife is to confine development to the flat, eastern portion of the site. Generally it is felt that the adverse impact on wildlife, provided that develop- ment is limited to the flat eastern portion.of the property, will be minimal. If development is allowed in the oak areas the impact will be greater as a result of habitat destruction. As previously mentioned the most significant damage has been done; the large carnivores are already gone and those species which .remain will suffer less since they are already adapted to man's presence. The small pond can only be improved as a result of development. At this time it is in a state of decline due to lack of upkeep. Aquatic and semi -aquatic vegetation are causing the pond to become chocked with vegetation and this in turn is causing reductions in aquatic animals. Cleaning up the pond, removing much of the aquatic and semi -aquatic vegetation will render it more productive in terms of a greater variety of wildlife. Cleaning it will not affect its use as a wildlife water hole. Neighbors of the property report the pond contains fish. If true, the populations will not survive for long in the existing pond. If cleaned and maintained, fish could be planted, thereby creating a valuable recreation facility for the proposed housing development. If the pond were to become a recreational facility, the large oaks and part of the aquatic vegetation should be left so as to increase the habitat diversity in and adjacent to the pond. J Hill Area General Plan 13. GEOLOGIC STABILITY E�• i Draft AL/jk 81,003.42 April 17, 1974 SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA), --------------------------------------------------------------- . Extensive studies of seismic safety and geologic stability have been made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department. Studies of damage prevention and rescue service, etc—are at present conducted by the County in cooperation with the various cities. These studies seem to confirm rather than diminish the following section of the Open Space and Conservation Element of Cupertino's General Plan, adopted September 18, 1972 (though this is not the adopted policy of the Hillside Subcommittee): SAN ANDREAS RIFT ZONE The only known active earthquake fault zone.within Cupertino's sphere of influence is the San Andreas fault. It runs northwest - southwest along the upper part of Stevens Creek and then turns south through Camp Saratoga and Sandborn Valley. (Other known faults are inactive, but care should be taken not to permit build- ings on top of them.) The San Andreas fault is localized to a very -narrow band, but the effects of earthquakes in the fault can be felt over a very wide area. I•t should be,noted, .however, that .buildings with foundation ` on bedrock quite close to the fault may be little damaged by a strong earthquake, while severe damage may be.inflicted on build - Ings on certain types'of soil (and particularly on fill) several miles away. In addition to direct damage from vibrations, an earth- quake.can trigger landslides in steep areas, which may cause as much damage. A- The Open Space Element map shows the San Andreas Rift Zone as a 2,000 foot wide band centered on the fault. The chosen width is not arbitrary, as it includes the steepest slopes adjacent to the fault. There are several summer homes and two.resorts with swimming holes within the indicated rift zone. Further residential development should b.e prevented through zoning (though existing homes would be permitted.to remain non -conforming uses if the residents want to take the risk). Commercial recreational use could continue and be expanded, with some restrictions. The zoning regulations could be similar to the Agricultural -Recreational (A-ua) ordinance of the City of Cupertino, with added regulation to diminish the effect of an earthquake on buildings. (The County has the jurisdiction over the entire area indicated on the map.) -1- Draft SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA) (cont'd.) STRUCTURAL HAZARDS AL/jk 81,003.42 Aug. 28,. 1974 Buildings within the City of Cupertino are mostly new and constructed to standards considered to minimize seismic hazards. A few older buildings in the City, and buildings in the unincorporated area within the City's sphere of .influence are mostly wooden one-story buildings, or stucco on wooden frames. This flexible construction minimizes damage from earth -shaking. No high-risk buildings have been located. DISASTER PLANNING PROGRAMS The urbanized area of Santa Clara County is continuous and cities generally have no natural boundaries. Unincorporated County areas intermingle with the cities. For this reason, separate disaster plan- ning programs for each city would be inefficient. The County has pre- pared a program with cooperation of the cities. The City of Cupertino has no fire department or police department, but contracts with the Santa Clara County Fire Protection District and the County Sheriff's Office for services. The City's contribu- tion to a disaster planning program must, therefore, be limited to the City's Department of Public Works. Seasonal fire control of the undeveloped hill area is provided by i • the State of California Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry (with headquarters in Morgan Hill). DEFINITION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK AND AVOIDABLE RISK It is considered an acceptable risk that people continue to live in and move into Cupertino though the City is located within a gen- erally hazardous area. It is considered an avoidable risk to permit residential development close to known inactive faults and near the active San Andreas Fault. -2- JAB/hm 81,003.602 Aug. 22', 1974 . SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (Appendix) EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS IN THE ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO (by John A. Busto, Chief Building Insper_tor) Ordinance No. 627 - Adopting the 1973 Uniform Building Code: The buildings presently being designed and built in the City of Cupertino have to comply with the 1973 Uniform Building Coda, Sec. 2314, which reads: "Every building or structure and every portion thereof shall be designed and constructed to resist stresses produced by lateral forces as provided in this ,section. Stresses shall be calculated as the effect of a force applied horizon- tally at each.floor or roof level above the,foundation. The force shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction." The provisions of this section apply to the structure as a unit and also to all parts thereof, including the"structural frame or walls, floors and roof . systems, and other structural features. The 19-13 Uniform Building Code also places all of California in Seismic Zone M3 which is the most hazardous of the four zones and requires the strictest designs. Ordinance No. 214-A - Excavations, Grading and Retaining Walls: Section 106.08.C) 60 c. Engineering Geological Reports: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the Director, after review by a civil engineer, may require an engineering geological investigation, based on the most recent grading plan. The engineering geological report shall include an adequate description of the - geolot,y of the site, and conclusions and recom-mendatiors regarding the effect of geologic conditions on the proposed development. All reports shall be sub Sect to approval by the Director, and supplemental reports and data may be required as he inay deem necessary. Recommendations included ii: the report and approved by the Director shall be incorporated in the grading plan. Cost to be borne by applicant. Section 16.08.060 d. soils Engineering Reports: The Director may require, after review by a civil en.;ineer, a soils engineering i.nvesti;;ation, based on the most recent radin r•]sn. Such reports slactll include data regarding the _nature, distribution, and strength of existing soils with particular emphasis on stability of existing and proposed cut and fill slopes, conclusions and rccommrndations for grad'iii, procad.ures, and dosien criteria for correcrive treasures. Reconuaendations included in the rehorc and approved by the i)iroctor -1- JAB/hm 81,003.602 Aug. 22, 1974 SRISX S__AF_E'Y__ELE_ME_N_i_(_Appe.ndir.)_(cont'd_)_______________________ • shall be incorporatedlin the grading plan or specifications. Cost to be borne by applicant. i P._9 Section 16.08.080 b. Geological or Flood Hazard: If, in the opinion of the Director, after review by a civil engineer, the land area for which grading is proposed is subject to geological or flood hazard to the extent that no reasonable amount of corrective work can eliminate or sufficiently reduce the hazard. to human life or property, the grading permit and building permits for habitable structures shall be denied. Section 16.08.OeO c. • Violation.of Other Ordinances: The Director shall not issue a grading permit for work on a. site unless all proposed uses shown on the grading plans for the site will comply with all provisions of zoning and other applicable City Ordinances. Ordinance No. 409 - Soils Report: Is an ordinance requiring a preliminary soils report and approval thereof as a condition to the issuance of a building permit. -2- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong SUMMARY OF FINDINGS GENERAL GEOLOGY The San Andreas Fault Zone is the dominant geologic feature in the Montebello Ridge Study Area. The general geology of this area is similar to that of the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" located immediately to the south (see Fig. 1)x The reader is referred to the geologic report on the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" (Rogers, 1972) for details. In comparison with the "Santa Cruz Mountain area", the Montebello Ridge area has: A) significantly fewer and smaller ancient, older, and modern land- slides along the San Andreas Fault Zone, B) a larger area east of the San Andreas Fault Zone underlain by the Monterey Formation and Santa Clara Formation, •C) ma more extensive area underlain.by the "Calera" limestone unit of the Franciscan rocks. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE The great differences in complexity of geologic structure between the Franciscan rocks and younger rock units on either side of the San Andreas Fault Zone are the same as described in Rogers (1972). A series of folds, oriented generally N14 -SE subparallel to the San Andreas Fault Zone, lie within the younger rock units east of that zone. Along the eastern margin of the study area, several of these folds form an en -echelon pattern along the mountain front south of Permanente Road, generally coinci- dent with a major fault zone. Several faults offset these younger rock units, displacing them against each other and/or the Franciscan rocks. Stream alluvium and the surface of the older valley alluvium that overlie projections of these faults do not seem to be offset. Thus, significant surface displacement apparently has not occurred on these faults since deposition of at least the upper part of the older alluvium. Deposits in Mountain View generally equivalent to the older alluvium of this study area have been age dated as young as 20,500 years (E.J. Helley, U.S.. Geological Survey, oral communication, 8/28/72). �. *For references, see Environmental Geologic Analysis Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area County of Santa Clara, California, February 1974. -1- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan. • GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong A major unconformity exists at the base of each of the younger rock units east of the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Monterey Formation is unconformable on the Franciscan rocks, and the Santa Clara Formation is unconformable on both the Monterey and Franciscan rocks. SIGNIFICANCE OF LAND FOF14S (GEOMORPHOLOGY) Land forms -in the study area are controlled largely by bedrock type and amount of vertical uplift during the rise of the Santa Cruz Mountains in the last two million years. The low rolling foothills and certain flat-topped ridges within the high mountains are remnants of the adcient subdued "mature" topog- raphy that existed prior to the vertical uplift. MINERAL RESOURCES Limestone, crushed rock, and sand and gravel are produced in the study area. No other potentially valuable mineral resources were located. .The..Kaiser.Cement,and.Gypsum Co. operates .a limestone quarry in a Franciscan limestone deposit which is the largest such deposit in the California Coast Ranges. Crushed rock is quarried at two locations in volcanic units of the Franciscan rocks. Three abandoned sand and gravel quarries are located in the Stevens Creek member of the Santa Clara Formation. The extent of each of these geologic units and the commercial deposits are.shown on Plate 3.* INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS Geologic data most critical for land use planning are summarized and interpreted on a Relative Geologic Stability Map (Plate 4)* This map was designed specifically for use by the CSC Planning Department as the geologic element of a comprehensive land use study of the Montebello Ridge area. RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY (SEISMIC CONDITIONS) Data are provided (see Plate 3)`which show the relative probability of fault displacement along all the faults of the study area. This map displays the data needed to assess the surface fault rupture component of the total earth- quake geologic hazard (which includes surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, and tsunamis-seiches). See Rogers (1972) for the details of determining other hazard,components. The earthquake history of the study area since 1900 was studied in terms of: A) the variation in shaking intensity per earthquake, and B) the number of felt earthquakes per year. These data show that on the average five damaging -2- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong earthquakes per decade and three felt earthquakes per year have occurred since comprehensive records were started in 1924. Another great earthquake located along the San Andreas Fault 'Lone (similar to 1906 San Francisco earth- quake) is anticipated anytime within the next several decades. During the 1906 event, the study area was shaken violently. Many landslides occurred along the San Andreas Fault 'Lone in Stevens Creek, and Saratoga Creek. Horizontal fault displacement of three feet occurred along one trace of the San -Andreas Fault Zone. The cluster of earthquakes near Stevens Creek Reservoir in the 1969-1970 period recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brown and Lee, 1971) may be related to a major fault, NW -SE oriented, near the eastern edge of the study area. The fault may be active at depth, even though there is no direct evidence of surface displacement within the last 20,000 years (see GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE, above). It is not known whether the activity will progress upward to ground surface, even if it is related to that fault. POTENTIAL FLOOD HAZARDS Hazards from storm flooding were found to exist on only one watercourse ,• within the study area (Adobe Creek). Due to man-made alterations of its natural stream channel, portions of Adobe Creek are incapable of containing the 10 -year flood event. - All other stream channels within the study area are judged to be capable of containing a 200 -year flood event. A stream channel is defined for this purpose as the area that includes all land adjacent to the stream less than ten feet above the lowest point in the channel cross section. Flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming temporary dams and causing stream water to be ponded. This type of flooding is most probable in zones of lowest relative geologic stability, as shown on the geologic stability map (Plate 4).* In addition, flooding may occur downstream from a dam if the dam should fail during an earthquake or for any other reason. Such a potential flood hazard exists on land adjacent to the stream channel below Stevens Creek Reservoir, in the event of the failure of Stevens Creek Dam. !3N � 1 _ � 1 A7,74 a to)`69 GENERAL The general policy recommendations in Rogers (1972) that pertain to land use, hazardous areas and updating maps are equally pertinent to the Montebello -3- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan, GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong Ridge area. These recommendations are equally pertinent to the Montebello Ridge area. They are reiterated. EARTHQUAKE -RELATED PROBLEMS Earthquake -Induced Flooding -- In all stream channels downstream from dams, consider restricting development to non-residential use and requiring special investigations of potential flood hazards for any permitted use. Earthquake Hazard to Schools -- No schools in the Montebello Ridge area are located in the San Andreas Fault Zone. The recommendation in Rogers (1972) related to future facilities is repeated -- "due to the severe earthquake hazard, no schools or other facilities of involuntary occupancy be allowed within the San Andreas Fault Zone." Earthquake -Induced Seiche -- The possibility of earthquake -induced seiche waves on reservoirs.should be studied. Utilities - A Special Problem -- Public utility facilities which cross the . San Andreas Fault Zone.may..be,.severed,,.da;naged, or rendered inoperative by surface fault rupture or landslides during a major earthquake. These services therefore may be interrupted, severely limited, or unavailable just when they are vitally needed for post -earthquake recovery. Recommendation -- Responsible officials in all public utilities should be made aware of, or reacquainted with, these geologic hazards, and encouraged to make contingency plans or provide engineering solutions that will avoid or reduce the interruption of their services by a major earthquake. MINERAL RESOURCES Much of the study area'is underlain by rocks that are potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much of the potential resource use lies outside of the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource value was not made for this limited study. If residential development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these potential mineral resources will be covered by homes without regard to the concomitant loss of mineral resources. Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value of available specific mineral resources. This study would of necessity have to be integrated with County and local policies -4- 80 ,035.53 .81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ' GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions then could include these resource value data in balancing values gained against values lost for any particular development. Envi- ronmental impact studies also would have need for these data. The desirability and feasibility of extracting.these materials for export from the area might also be considered. The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data in this regard. FLOOD PROBLEMS Flood hazards along Adobe Creek -- Inundation of part of the flood plain adjacent to Adobe Creek is a potential problem but does not present a threat to life, and would result only in minimal.proper.ty loss under present use (recreational and agricultural). If the flood plain were to be developed for residential use, minor property damage (but not loss of life) probably would be incurred on an average of every 5 to 10 years. `'• Recommendation -- To minimize flood hazards the flood plain of Adobe Creek should be reserved for low density, preferably non- residential, land use, or not be developed at all. Ll� Stevens Creek Dam - Earthquake Flood Hazard -- Little is known.as to the behavior of such structures during large magnitude seismic events. In addition, there remains the possibility of a large flood wave (generated by a major landslide into the reservoir) overtopping the dam and causing flood conditions downstream. Recommendation -- To minimize possible earthquake -triggered flood hazards below Stevens Creek Dam, residential and "forced occupancy" development should not be permitted on land adjacent to the stream channel below the dam. Flood Hazards - General -- For the remainder of the study area, it is recommended that development within stream channels (defined above in Summary of Findings) be restricted to non-residential use; and that special investigations of potential flood hazards be required for any permitted use. -5- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY C014DITIONS From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge • Mountain Study Area; by Thomas 11. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -D- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Hard, locally sheared, interbedded limestone and chert in the Franciscan .rocks, must be excavated by blasting. (Kls) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Landslides or rock falls may occur in fractured rocks when fractures become saturated with water. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Least intense. Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased coater saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Rock falls may occur on steep slopes where rock outcrops may be shaken loose. 1 l� —1- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) -H- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive, locally sheared volcanic rock and sandstone in the Franciscan rocks. Massive hard conglomerate, interbedded with hard sandstone and minor shale, Cretaceous age. (Kv, Kvf, Ks, Keg) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in D category. Landslides also possible where dip of interbedded units and/or local shear planes are inclined downslope and less consolidated units become saturated with water. _ ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Same as D category. r. `.• Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur on steep slopes where bedding is inclined downslope and where =erosion of less consolidated units has undermined harder.units. Rock falls may occur as in D category. -2- I9 '• 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) -L- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive, extensively sheared volcanic rock and sandstone, and complex-.. intrusive igneous rocks in the Franciscan rocks. Hard interbedded chert and shale, Miocene age. Massive, semi -consolidated siltstone, Miocene age. .(Kvs, Kvfs, Kss, Kdg, Mm, Mus, Mst) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in H Category. Landslides also possible where failure occurs along water -saturated shear planes inclined downslope. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Same as or slightly more'intense than D category. Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur 1) where bedding is inclined downslope as in H category and 2) along shear planes inclining downslope. —3— 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) -P- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive semi -consolidated sandstone and mudstone, interbedded siltstone, Miocene age. Weathered intrusive -extrusive igneous rocks, Tertiary age. Hard, massive, brittle shale and interbedded hard sandstone and shale, Cretaceous age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (Mv, Eb, EPu, Ml, Ti, Ksh, Kssh, Kshs, Qoal, Qal) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in H category. Landslides also possible where semi -consolidated or weathered units become water -saturated. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking — Same as or slightly more intense than L category. Possible severe shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal. Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur as in H category (as in 1906 earthquake when 6' boulders of Mv(?) rolled down into Stevens Creek Canyon), in loose weathered zones and in poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake). -4- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) -S- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Unconsolidated to semi -consolidated sand and gravel, locally clay rich, interbedded with clay, Quaternary -Tertiary age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (QTscsc, QTscs, QTscu,. Qoal, Qal) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: .Landslides possible in these units when water saturation reduces stability because of: A) large decrease in bearing strength of all units, B) chemical and physical alteration of certain clay units, C) increase in internal pressure (pore pressure) of clay -rich units because of poor drainage. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: • Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than L category, possible severe shalcing in water -saturated Qoal and Qal. Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur as in 11 category and in poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake). ('10 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) Wa GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Landslide deposits and colluvium, Quaternary age., Shear zone (melange) in Franciscan rocks; weathered sheared serpentine, probable Mesozoic age. Unconsolidated clay and sand, local gravel, Quaternary -Tertiary age. (Q1M, Qlo, Q1A, sz, sp, QTscA) Shattered and sheared rocks along fault traces, indicated on map by pattern. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in S category. Landslides more probable in these units due to 'A) greater percentage of clay, B) lack of coherent internal binding structure in landslide deposits and colluvium, C) presence of abundant shear planes in sz and sp units and in sheared rocks along fault traces. -ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than S category: Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Extensive landslides probable as occurred in Stevens Creek Canyon, along Saratoga Creek, and near Mt. Eden Road during the 1906 earthquake. QS W 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) MAN'S INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC STABILITY The stability of all of these units is decreased by each of the following common activities: 1) Grading (changing slopes). 2) Removing vegetation. 3)Concentrating water. 4) Construction of buildings, swimming pools, etc. (adding weight to slopes). These adverse effects may be somewhat controlled by procedures such as: 1) Planting vegetation on cut slopes. 2) Diverting water away from head of landslides. 3) Draining water from interior of landslides. 4) Designing construction according to soil and rock strength. These effects can be minimized in the first place by planned development based on a detailed knowledge -of the soil and geologic conditions. For more details see discussion in text under Relative Geologic Stability, Non -Seismic Conditions (Influence of Man) and in Appendix B. -7- FOOiYttI COIL a .y -. _;._• ;; !(Ff< LOS w v,•, •� ALTOS tom'\., _ -T'.% . y`�,l - _ a •�. i � kv r�\... ��1 'j: ;a:.. _ ?I, [9EFY. V, V.0 , � I '� ,1 1 i �' 1014 '3C'i'.:iYvsC_-, u§'A+tsma:•am ':u".'vests'•<ia^tR I ' eCLAC1L v♦ •CLQ I MOUIITAIY �''N - - .7. I _•ti's •�,`' �r �\.. �r',�..• :.0 T1�_�, I o I la . �':'♦-.' _ ♦i. .. •♦ter♦r _ ..� _ s I ♦ - _____ _ . \♦il `-/.Oa Y .� "v....o• 'Si it fr T ;, �':r �% C a •a as a' I a + . , it I:% % `' \ Jas i*_ _�•`lt a (y\ bt,\yU l ' va~•' Ir , AA aSd � ^n l a ''1 .o t t �4•r 1 N c'<l �`,,_ + ,:� `� ` �� "- +'` : ��•' . _ �� $rte S,7t ell 1 NILE RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY-MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY ARE PREPARED BY THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY • MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY CITIES OF SARATOGA, CUPERTINO, PALO ALTO, TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA �^ Hill Area General Plan • ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT ----------------------- CHAPTER 1354 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 An act to amend Sections 660; 661, and 662 of, and to add Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) to Division 2 of, the Public Resources Code, relating to earthquake protection, and making an appropriation therefor. (Approved by Governor December 22, 1972. Filed with Secretary of State December 22, 1972.) LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST SB 520, Alquist. Earthquake protection. Increases the membership of the State Mining and Geology Board from 9 to 11 persons and declares that persons with specified occupations should be selected for membership on the board. Designates the board as a policy and appeals board for the purposes of provisions re earthquake hazard zones. Requires the•State Geologist to delineate,,by December 31, 1973, special studies zones encompassing certain areas of earthquake hazard. Requires State Geologist to compile maps delineating the special studies zones and to submit such maps to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Requires the State Geologist to continually review new geologic and seismic data and revise special studies zones and submit such revisions to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Appropriates $100,000 for such purposes. Requires affected cities, counties, and state agencies to submit their comments to board. Requires cities and counties to exercise specified approval authority with respect to real estate developments or structures for human occupancy within such delineated zones. Requires applicants for a building permit within such zone to be charged a fee according to a fee schedule established by the board. 'Limits maximum amount of such fee. Provides for retention of i of the proceeds of any such fee by the city or county having jurisdiction and transfer of � to the state. The people of the State of California do enact as follows: SECTION 1. Section 660 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 660. There is in the department a State Mining and Geology Board, con- sisting of 11 members appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the Senate, for terms of four years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. The State Mining and Geology Board shall also serve as a policy and appeals board for the purposes of Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) of Division 2. -1- 80,035.53 .81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.) ---------------------------- SEC. 2. Section 661 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 661. Members of the board shall be selected from citizens of this state associated with or having broad knowledge of the mineral industries of this state, of its geologic resources, or of related technical and scientific fields, to the end that the functions of the board as specified in Section 667 are con- ducted in the best interests of the state. Among the 11 members, two should be mining geologists, mining engineers, or mineral economists, one should be a structural engineer, one should:be a geophysicist, one should.be an urban or regional planner, one should be a soils engineer, two should be geologists, one should be a representative of county government, and at least two shall be members of the public having an interest in and knowledge of the environ- ment. SEC. 3. Section 662 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 662. The terms of the members of the board in office when this article takes effect in 1965 shall expire as follows: one member January 15, 1966; two members January 15, 1967; and two members January 15, 1968. The terms shall expire in the same relative order as to each member as the term for which he holds office before this article takes effect. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of this section at the 1968 Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1969. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1970 Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1971, but the term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 3.974. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1972 Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1973, but the term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 1976. SEC. 4. Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) is added to Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, to read: - CHAPTER 7.5.. HAZARD ZONES 2621. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Alquist-Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act. 2621.5. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide for the adoption and administration of zoning laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations by cities and counties, as well as to implement such general plan as may be in effect in any city or county. The Legislature declares that the provisions of this chapter are intended to provide policies and criteria to assist cities, counties, and state agencies in the exercise of their responsibility to provide for the public safety in hazardous fault zones. -2- R 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.) -------------- ---- ---------- 2622. In order to assist cities and counties in their planning, zoning, and building -regulation functions, the State Geologist shall delineate, by December 31, 1973, appropriately wide special studies zones to encompass all potentially and recently active traces of the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, and San Jacinto Faults, and such other faults, or segments thereof, as he deems suffi- ciently active and well-defined as to constitute a potential hazard to structures from surface faulting or fault creep. Such special studies zones shall ordinarily be one-quarter mile or less in width, except in circumstances which may require 'the State Geologist to designate a wider zone. Pursuant to this section, the State Geologist shall compile maps delineating the special studies zones and shall submit such maps to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies, not later than December 31, 1973, for review and comment. Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit all such comments to the State Mining and Geology Board for review and consideration within 90 days. Within 90 days of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies of- the official maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone. The State Geologist shall continually review new geologic and seismic data and shall revise the.special studies zones or delineate additional special studies zones when warranted by new information. The State Geologist shall submit all such revisions to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies for their review and comment.Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit all such comments to the State inning and Geology Board for review and con- sideration within 30 days. Within 30 days.of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies of the revised official maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone. 2623. Within the special studies zones delineated pursuant to Section 2622, the site of every proposed new real estate development or structure for human occupancy shall be approved by the city or county having jurisdiction over such lands in accordance with policies and criteria established by the State Mining and Geology Board and the findings of the State Geologist. Such policies and criteria shall be established by the State Mining and Geology Board not later than December 31, 1973. In the development of such policies and criteria, the State Mining and Geology Board shall seek the comment and advice of affected cities, counties, and state agencies. Cities and counties shall not approve the location of such a development or structure within a delineated special studies zone if an undue hazard would be created, and approval may be withheld pending geologic and engineering studies to more adequately define the zone of hazard. If the city or county finds that no undue hazard exists, geologic and engineering studies may be waived, with approval of the State Geologist, and the location of the proposed development or structure may be approved. -3- E� 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT --------------------- 2624. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prevent cities and counties from establishing policies and criteria which are stricter than those established by the State Mining and Geology Board, nor from imposing and collecting fees in addition to those required under this chapter. 2625. Each applicant for a building permit within a delineated special studies zone shall be charged a reasonable fee according to a fee schedule established by the State Mining and Geology Board.- Such fees shall be set in an amount sufficient to meet, but not to exceed, the costs to state and local government of administering and complying with the provisions of this chapter. Such fee shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the total valuation of the proposed building construction for which the building permit is issued, as determined by the local building official. One-half of the proceeds of such fees shall be retained by the city or county having jurisdiction over the pro- posed development or structure for the purpose of implementing this chapter, and the remaining one-half of the proceeds shall be deposited in the General Fund. SEC. 5. There is hereby appropriated from the General Fund in the State Treasury to the Department of Conservation the sum on one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) for the purposes of Section 2622 of the Public Resources Code. -4- Hill Area General Plan 14. FLOOD AND FIRE HAZARD Hill Area General Plan FLOOD HAZARD ., -------------------------------- July 1, 1975 BC/jk 81,003.22 81,085 • In the context of evaluating flood hazard, the City of Cupertino has determined that protection from the 100 -year flood frequency represents an acceptable level of risk. (Actually, a 1% risk each year of flooding on indicated area.) The 100 -year flood frequency criteria is commonly utilized by various public and private agen- cies such as the Federal Flood Insurance Administrator, the Corp of Engineers, and the Santa Clara Valley Water District. California Division of Mines and Geology and the Santa Clara Valley Water District have conducted limited studies to ascertain flood risk within the foothill study area. Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong of the Division of Mines and Geology conducted hydro- logic work in connection with the Montebello Ridge Mountain Study. Rogers and Armstrong concluded that all stream channels within the hill study.area are judged to be capable oaf containing a 200 -year flood event.l In the context of their study, a stream channel was defined as the area that includes all land adjacent to a stream less than 10 ft. above the lowest point of the channel cross- section. Rogers and Armstrong further concluded that flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming tem- porary dams and causing stream water to be ponded. Additionally, flooding may occur downstream from Stevens Creek Reservoir should this dam instantaneously fail during an earthquake or for any other such reason. • The Santa Clara Valley Water District conducted an extensive channel study on Stevens Creek, from Central Avenue.in Mountain View to the face of Stevens Creek Reservoir. The District also conduc- ted preliminary work in connection with a dam safety study for Stevens Creek Reservoir. The Water District's findings relative to potential flood risk on Stevens Creek is generally consistent with that of Rogers and Armstrong for the reach of Stevens Creek between the dam and Deep Cliff Golf Course. This particular reach of the Creek is characterized by a pronounced ravine, as opposed to the flat flood plain characteristic of Stevens Creek beginning at the southern boundary of the Deep Cliff Golf Course. The Water District's study indicates that the 100 -year flood frequency event .will have a water surface elevation ranging between 10 tO 14 ft. above the present bottom elevation of the channel. No figures are given for a 200 -year event; that is, a 0.5% risk.2 Although there is a 4 ft. difference between the water surface elevation given by Rogers and Armstrong (10 ft..) and the water surface ele- vation provided by the District (10 to 14 ft.), the water surface elevation will not have a drastic effect on the geographical area flooded because of the steep topography of the ravine. Fur- ther, it is difficult to compare the two studies because of the lack of information, primarily.in terms of the stream flow calcu- lations. -.1- July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22 FLOOD HAZARD (cont'd.) 81,085 ----------------------------------------------------------------- • In response to State legislation,. the District staff prepared an Inundation Boundary Map, describing the areas of potential flood- ing that would result from instantaneous failure of Stevens Creek dam. The District qualified the boundary by stating: "It is rec- ognized that from an engineering standpoint, inundation mapping depends upon empirical analysis. Precise calculations, to include determination of depths and velocities,are beyond the current state of the art. Therefore, conservative assumptions were made, within the limits of good engineering judgment, as to the extent and rapidity if failure, and as to the probable routes the flow would follow". Again, because of the steep topography on either side of the stream bed between the face of the dam and the Deep Cliff Golf Course, the .Inundation Map for.the instantaneous failure of the dam could not differ greatly from the flood limit line from the 100 -year event. The Water District has not conducted detailed studies for other streams within the Cupertino's sphere of influence. However, the District indicates that there may slight flooding along the reach of Permanente Creek between the Kaiser-Permanente Plan site and Freeway 280. Neither the degree of flooding nor the flood limit line is precisely known. The District additionally indicated by letter that a few properties located northerly of Stevens Creek Reservoir may be exposed to flooding. • Land use intensity would have little impact on the degree of flood- ing risk from a general point of view because, during the 100 -year storm event, it is assumed that the ground is fully saturated.and, therefore, a run-off coefficient for.open space areas would not differ too greatly from that which is paved over or roofed. There- fore, the major consideration when evaluating density alternatives of the foothills as it relatesto flood risk is to ensure that the development is.kept.a safe distance from stream beds, particularly Stevens Creek below Stevens Creek Reservoir. Development plans involving land in close proximity to a stream bed should be evalu- ated by a hydrologist on a case-by-case basis to determine possible flood risk. Attachment: Map of potential flood risk for 100 -year event, and for inundation in the event of dam failure. References: 1. Environmenta Mountain Ran in Santa Clara County, e Northern Santa Cruz California Division of Mines and Geology. February 1974. 2. Planning Study for Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Valley Water District, August 1974. Maps 15-17. -2- • Hill Area General Plan FIRE HAZARD BC/jk 81,003.22 80,026 July 2, 1975 ---------------- Fire risk must be evaluated in terms of potential risk to human life and property and to the natural environment. There is a conflict between urban development and the resultant necessity for fire suppression, and the role of fire to maintain a natural ecological system for specific plant and animal communities. The introduction of additional dwellings within the foothills will increasethe risk to existing and future residences, and will preclude either natural or controlled burning to minimize the danger of hot fires which completely destroy surface and sub- surface vegetation. Residential development in the foothills will increase the need for fire exclusion. The Patri, Streatfield and Ingmire report, .entitled "The Santa Cruz Mountains Regional Pilot Study, Early Warning System" emphasizes that fires were once a regular part of the ecology of the Santa Cruz Mountain region. "These fires were 'frequent and light in character and, hence, little damage was done to the plants of the for- est. In many cases, the plants.were so precisely adapted to regular burning that the occurrence of a burn trig- gered off flowering or the germination of certain species. " In this way, fire played an important role in successional • processes and health of the community. The widespread exclusion of fire from the forest and from the chaparral areas has led" to an immense buildup of their fuel. Once leaves and old limbs fall to the ground and dry out, their presence represents a very severe fire hazard. In other areas, the lack of regular burning has led to the growth of a very lush undergrowth of herbs, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. The total effect of this suppression has been the creation of conditions which will make it al- most certain that any future fire will be a holocaust. The forest fire will not be the surface fire of former days but a potentially devastating ground fire." The attached map, labeled "Fire Risk", is an adaptation of a map prepared by the County Planning Department for inclusion into the County's General Plan Safety Element. The numbered sub -areas .on the map reflect categories of hazard: moderate hazard, high hazard, and extreme hazard. The hazard areas are weighted, .based upon the factor of fuel loading (combustible material), critical fire weather, and slope steepness. As indicated by the map, the area within the urban fringe is considered a mod- erate hazard, while the balance of the properties within the sphere of influence are considered either high or extreme hazard. The County study Public Safety Element does not contain specific • recommendations relative to the relationship of fire hazard to density. -1- • • • Hill Area General Plan FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) ---------------------------- BC/jk 81,003.22 80,026 July 2, 1975 From the City of Cupertino's point.of view, the entire sphere of influence is considered hazardous. All land areas within the foothills have been placed within a fire hazard area defined by the City's adopted Uniform Fire Code. In the context of the hill- side phase of the Land Use Amendment to the General Plan, it must be assumed that all areas within the hillsides should continue to be considered as a hazardous fire area which requires certain fire protection measures if urban development is to take place. A more sensitive study and.recommendation will be forthcoming in connec= tion with the review of a General Plan Public Safety Element. In terms of the interaction of.each General Plan Alternative to the fire risk factor, it can be assumed that the greater the land use density, the greater the fire risk, which results in increased fire suppression which, in turn, affects the natural eco -system of the hillsides areas. If a plan alternative is chosen which proposes residential development within the hillsides, the follow- ing fire protection requirements contained within the Uniform Fire Code will be required: 1. An effective fire break shall be placed around each residential structure for a distance of not less than 30 ft. on each side. The fire break must exclude all flammable vegetation and other combustible growth. The fire break requirement shall not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental.shrubbery, or similar plants used as ground cover, provided that they do not .form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any structure. 2. The Fire Protection Agency may further require that the fire break be expanded by removing all brush, flammable vegetation or combustible growth located from, 30 to 100 ft. from any such building, when the Fire Protection Agency finds that because of extra hazardous conditions, a fire break of only 30 ft. around such structure is not sufficient to provide reasonable fire safety... 3. The. City's Uniform Fire Code requires non-combustible exterior materials, including roof materials. The steps necessary to protect dwellings from fire have a direct impact on vegetation removal, particularly in areas where the Fire Protection Agency feels that there is a higher or extreme —fire hazard risk. The definition of an "extra hazardous" area would have to be made on a case-by-case basis by a fire protection individual, and does not directly relate.to the term "extreme hazard" on the attached map prepared in conjunction with the County Public Safety Element. -2- BC/jk 81,003.22 Hill Area General Plan 80,026 FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975 • -------------------------------------------------------------- In order to provide accessibility for fire fighting equipment, the following road standards would .have to be maintained for both private and public rights-of-way: 1. Private driveways should not serve more than two dwelling units. Cul-de-sac public streets should not serve more than 20 units if they are the only access; they may serve 100 units if complemented by a secondary access through a fire trail. More than 100 units should be served by a loop street, providing access from two separate directions. 2. The above rules for access should be applied through all stages of development. If necessary, secondary access through a fire trail or a loop street should be provided through undeveloped property through agreement or eminent domain. Fire trails may be closed off by fences and gates which can be opened or run down by fire vehicles. 3. The length of private driveways or cul -de -.sac public streets should not exceed 1000 ft., except where • there is a water supply accessible for fire protec- tion near the building site. 4. Private driveways should be paved to.a width of 12 ft. if they serve one dwelling unit, 18 ft. if they serve two units; except that an oil screen is sufficient where the grade does not exceed 15%. The paved width of a public street would depend on projected traffic, but should not be less than 20 ft. 5.. The grade of private driveways should not exceed 20%; and should not exceed an average of 15% on any 300 -ft. long section. Public streets should have the same minimum standard. -3- Hill Area General Plan 15. SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS AL/tm 81,003.22 80,022.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • APPLICATION OFSLOPE-DENSITYFORMULAS ------------------------------------ Slope-Density Formulas The Planning Commission of the City of Cupertino has tentatively, for the purpose of study only, adopted two slope -density formulas (out of a large number investigated): "Foothill Residential (5-65)" for development within the Urban Service Area, and "Rural Residential" for development outside the Urban Service Area. A third formula, "Very Low Density Rural Residential", has been developed in order to study the "Very Low Density" alternative.. The Board of Supervisors of -Santa Clara County has on December 12, 1973 adopted three slope -density formulas: (1) Public water supply and sanitary sewers available; (2) Public water supply available, sanitary sewers not available; (3) Public water supply and sanitary sewers not available. Graphs of these formulas (except the "Very Low") and tables for all of them are attached. It is noted that a landowner or developer or even the City staff does not have to interpret the graphs; the tables are more exact and should be used. The attached pages "Definition of Steepness", "Conversion Between Measurements of Slope" and "Geometry of Slope -Density Formulas" explains various mathematical aspects to those interested. The "Foothill Residential" formula consists of a fairly complicated mathematical equation in order to be applicable both to generally flat areas and to very steep hillsides, a stated goal of the Planning Commission. It is horizontal from 0% to 5% slope, then curves sharply and descends steeply, reverses its curvature and gradually approaches the x-axis at 65% slope (though it almost reaches zero at 60% slope). The formula is: d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)] + 3.4{0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)]1 8 0.5 causes the curve to be horizontal at d=0; 5 " 11 11 11 11 11 s=5; 3 I1 =L5; s=65;— 3.4 11, it 11 It 11 d=4.4; 8 to to to approach the first component, that is the sine curve d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)]; the difference is 0.1 DU/ac. at s=29.5% and 0.01 DU/ac. at s=35.5%. The "Rural Residential" and "Very Low Rural Residential" formulas are simple sine curves: d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s) d = 0.025 + 0.025 cos(2.7s) Map Material Maps on which measurements are made should not be in smaller scale than 1 - 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) and contour interval should.be not more than -1- AL/tm 81,003.22 80,022.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'.d.) ----------------------------------------------- 10 feet. Enlargement of smaller scale maps (e.g. U.S.G.S. 1 -t 24,000 maps) should not be permitted. However, an exception could be made in the case of subdivision into lots of 20 acres or more outside the Urban Service Area. - If the ."map wheel" measuring method is used, maps should not be in a scale smaller than 1 a 600 (1 inch to 50 feet), in this case photographic enlarge- ment from 1 -t 2400 scale would be permitted. The City has contour maps in scale 1 -t 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) available which cover most of the Urban Service Area within the hill study area. However, these maps do not have property lines, and an attempt to construct property lines on the contour maps from the County Assessor's maps have disclosed large discrepancies. Survey of property lines on the ground is prohibitively expensive, except perhaps for a very few check points. A land owner or developer can for that reason not be depended on to provide correct maps, and checking by the City staff would in any case be very time consuming. There may be a possibility to extend the County coordinate system, which is marked on newer subdivision maps,into the hill area. It is suggested that the City make an attempt on a trial basis and then proceed if at all possible, though' this is a major undertaking. It seems that correct maps are essential for application of slope -density formulas. • Standard Grid System for Measuring The possibility of "gerrymandering" is built into every slope -density formula applied to a terrain with varying steepness and represented by a graph with a broken line or a sharp curvature, such as the "Foothill Residential (5-65)" formula. A property owner can.gain or loose a substantial number of dwelling units by splitting the property before the actual subdivision, or by con- solidating two or more parcels. (This is exemplified in the attached page "Gain or Loss in Number of Dwelling Units Determined by Slope -Density Formulas".) In itself it is not objectionable that an increase in density results from measuring methods that adjust to the terrain. Specifically, an owner of a large property should not be put in a less advantageous situation than owners of a similar property which has already been divided into smaller but still divisible parcels. However, measurement procedures should be regulated to avoid arbitrary "gerry- mandering". For that reason, measurement of standardized grid squares with a side of 200 feet or 100 feet has been.suggested. The grid lines should be oriented north -south and east -west and coincide with 200 feet (or 100 feet) multiples of County coordinates. Average slope would be measured for each grid square and the "dwelling unit credit" determined. The "credit" would then be added for the entire property. • Calculations should be carried out with areas in 3 decimals of acres or in units of 10 sq, ft., to avoid discrepancies caused by rounding. The total number of -2- AL/tm 81,003.22 80,022.1 May 12, 1975 dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards (for the same reason that a 7490 square foot lot does not qualify in an R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property, subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations. Measuring Methods If a "map wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property. Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form areas not larger than approximately 1' acres and not smaller than approximately 1i acre; this simplifies measuring. Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bh). When the length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following formulas apply: Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (sq. ft.) • o Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (acres).x 43,560 With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual programming seems to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations, the grid squares should be 100' x 100'. The slope for each entire square will be printed by the .computer and then multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary. These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the property. These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% Slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's tables which apply 1% or even �% categories), and the area is approximated to a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase computer cost. Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except • standard computer operations) so that the City.staff can check them. -3- Hill Area General Plan • APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.) dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards (for the same reason that a 7490 square foot lot does not qualify in an R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property, subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations. Measuring Methods If a "map wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property. Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form areas not larger than approximately 1' acres and not smaller than approximately 1i acre; this simplifies measuring. Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bh). When the length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following formulas apply: Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (sq. ft.) • o Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (acres).x 43,560 With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual programming seems to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations, the grid squares should be 100' x 100'. The slope for each entire square will be printed by the .computer and then multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary. These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the property. These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% Slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's tables which apply 1% or even �% categories), and the area is approximated to a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase computer cost. Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except • standard computer operations) so that the City.staff can check them. -3- 5.0 • 4.5 6 4.4 4.0 3.5 O ial 3.0 11 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 tu IV PERCENT SLOPE t SMYL—FO MULA ' —Uzi --'-5-Feb-75 -7---,- r - 41- -770.25 'O.2E 0.2 T 'J LOI 7 LT A 7- 5:;- 5 Cos I yk i+ 0.5co S. u_ 71 0.3c . Jill I'l 111 fl -4 L 7_1 cr --T Q. Y — --------- ID I r -T—,- td L4 C.4( w-1 01 0.5( 7 7 0.5,1 06C _E 7 Q6t 0.7C ----------- 07E T i 0.8 ( 0.9c T -r- - _ I 1.0c 1.50 I L ;L iI-j-�_77_; 7- t-- __-7 ---- 7- 2.0 El 2.5( j. RAL'ok §ibENTIAL-L I —H 3.0 Ll -*:-i . 5.01 GO 10 20 30 40 50 tu IV PERCENT SLOPE AL/jk 80,022.1 Dec. 10, 1974 SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA: Urban Services Available 9,900 FOOTHILL RESIDENTIAL (Composite from s=5 to s=65) 9,910 d=0.5+0.5 cos (3(s-5)3 + 3.4{ 0.5+0.5 8 cos (3(S-5)3} 9,940 ----------------`------------------- Slope Density Gr.acres AverageSlope ----------------------------------- Density Gr.acres Average X D.U.per per D.U. lot area 10,080 % D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. 8 gr.acre gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d 4.170 s d 1/d 43,560/d 0-5 4.400 0.227 9,900 5.5 4.395 0.228 9,910 6 4.381 0.228 9,940 6.5 4.357 0.230 10,000 0 4.323 0.231 10,080 7.5 4.281 0.234 10,170 8 .4,230 0.236 10,300. 8.5 4.170 0.240 10,440 9 4.103 0.244 10,620 9.5 4.028 0.248 10,810 10 3.946 0.253 11,040 10.5 3.858 0.259 11,290 11 3.764 0.266 11,570 11.5 3.665 0.273 11.,880 12 3.562 0.281 12,230 12.5 3.455 0.289- 12,610 13 3.344 0.299 13,030 .19.5 3.232 0.309 13;480 14 3.117 0.321 13,970 14.5 3.002 0.333 14,510 15 2.885 0.347 15.,100 15.5 .. 2.769 0.361 15,730 16 2.654 0.377 16,410 16.5 2.540 0.394 17,150 17 2.428 0.412 17,940 17.5 2.318 0.431 18,800 18 2.210 0.453 19,71.0 18.5 2.105 0.475 20,690 19, 2.004 0.499 21,740 19;5 1.906 0.525 22,860, 20 1..811 0.552 24,050 21 1.635 0.612 26,650 22 1.474 0.678 29,550 23 1.330 0.752 32,740 24 1.203 0.831 36,220 25 1.090 0.917 39,950 26 0.992 1.008 43,900 27 0.907 1.102 48,000 28 0.833 1.200 52,300 29 0.769 1.300 56,600 14 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 >63 0.713 1.402 0.664 1.506 0.621 1.611 0.582 1.719 0.546 1.831 0.513 1.948 0.482 2.073 0.453 2.206 0.425 2.352 0.398 2.512 0.372 2.690 0.346 2.889 0.321 3.113 0.297 3.369 0.273 3.662 0.250 3.999 0.228 4.392 0.206 4.852 0.185 5.395 0.165 6.045 0.146 6.828 0.128 7.786 0.111 8.974 0.095 10.47 0.081 12.40 0.067 14.93 0.054 18.35 0.043 23:13. 0.033 30.11 0.024 40.86 0.017 58.70 0.011 91.52 0.006 162.4 0.003 365.1 0 - 61,100 65,600 70,200 74,900 79,800 84,900 90,300 96,100 102,400 109,400 117,200 125,800 135,600 146,700 159 ,500 174,200 191,300 211,300 235,000 263,300 297,400 339 , 200 390,900 456,000 540,000 650,000 799,000 1,008,000 1,312,000 1,780,000- 2,557,000 3,987,000 7,080,000 15,900,000 • AL/jk 80,022.1 May 30, 1973 Rev. Feb. 10, 1975 SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA* Urban Services Not Available RURAL RESIDENTIAL 0 a 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x 2.7°) Slope Density Gr.acres Average Slope Density Gr.acres Average X D.U.per per D.U. lot area % D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq.ft. e d 1/d 43,560/d a d 1/d 43,560/d 0 0.200 5.000 217,800 35 0.092 10.85 473,000 1 0.200 5.003 218,000 36 0.087 11.43 498,000 2 0.200 5.011 218,000 37 0.083 12.08 526,000 3 "0.199 5.025 219,000 38 0.078 12.79 557,000 4 0.198 5.045 220,000 39 0.074 13.58 592,000 5 0.197 5.070 221,000 40 0.069 14.47 630,000 6 0.196 5.101 222,000 47, 0.065 15.47 674,000 7 0.195 5.139 224,000 42 0.060 16.59. 723,000 8 0.193 5.182 226,000 43 0.056 17.86 778,000 9 0.191 5.232 228,000 44 0.052 19.30 841,000 10 0.189 5.288 230,000 45 0.048 20.94 912,000 11 0.187 5.352 233,000 46 0.044 22.84 995,000 12 0.184 5.422 236,000 47 0.040 25.03 1,090,000 13 0.182 5.500 240,000 48 0.036 27.58 1,200,000 14 0.179 5.586 243,000 49 0.033 30.58 1,330,000 15 0.176 5.681 247,000 50 0.029 34.14 1,490,000 16 0.173 5.784 252,000 51 0.026 38.41 1,670,000 17 0.170 5.897 257,000 52 0.023 43.58 1,900,000 18 0.166 6.019 262,000 53 0.020 49.92 2,180,000 19 0.163 -6.153 268,000 54 0.017 57.83 2,520,000 20 0.159 6.298 274,000 55 0.015 67.86 2,960,000 21 0.155 6.456 281,000 '56 0.012 80.85 3,520,000 22 0.151 6.627 289,000 57 0.010 98.07 4,270,000 23 0.147 6.812 297,000 58 0.008 121.6 5,300,000 24 0.143 7.014 306,000 59 0.006 154.9 6,750,000 25 0.138 7.232 315,000 60 0.005 204.3 8,900,000 26 0.134 7.470 325,000 61 0.004 282.1 12,290,000 27 0.129 7.728 337,000 62 0.003 415.2 18,090,000 28 0.125 8.008 349,000 63 0.002 671.6 29,250,000 29 0.120 8.314 362,000 64 0.001' 1268. 55,240,000 30 0.116 8.647 377,000 >64 0 - - 31 0.111 9.011 393,000 32 0.106 9.409 410,000 33 0.102 9.845 429,000 34 0.097 10.32 450,000 AL/jk 80,022.1 Feb. 10, 1975 •SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA: Urban Services Not Available VERY LOW DENSITY RURAL RESIDENTIAL 0.025 + 0.025 cos (s x 2.70) -------------------------------------------------- Slope Density Gr.acres Average Slope =---------------------- Density Gr.acres Average _ X D.U.per per D.U. lot area X D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq.ft. a d 1/d 43,560/d s d 1/d 43,560/d 0 0.050 20.00 871,200 35 0.023 43.41 1,890,000 1 0.050 20.01 872,000 36' 0.022 45.73 1,990,000 2 0.050 20.04 873,000 37 0.021 48.31 2,100,000 3 0.050 20.10 876,000 38 0.020 51.16 2,230,000 4 0.050 20.18 879,000 39 0.018 54.34 2,370,000 5 0.049 20.28 883,000 40 0.017 57.89 2,520,000 6 0.049 20.41 889,000 41 0.016 61.87 2,700,000 0.049 20.55 895,000 42 0.015 66.35 2,890,000 8 0.048 20.73 903,000 43 0.014 71.42 3,110,000 9 0.048 20.93 912,000 44 0.013 77.18 3,360,000 10. 0.047 21.15 921,000 45 0.012 83.77 3,650,000 11 0.047 21.41 932,000 46 0.011 91.34 3,980,000 12 6.046 21.69 945,000 47 0.010 100.2 4,360,000 13 0.045 22.00 958,000 48 0.009 110.3 4,810,000 14 0.045 22.34 973,000 49 0.008 122.3 5,330,000 T' 15 0.044 22.72 990,000 _50 0.007 136.6 5,950,000 • 16 0.043 23.14 1,010,000 51 0.007 153.6 6,690,000 17 0.042 23.59 1,030,000 52 0.006 174.3 7,590,000 18 0.042 24.08 1,050,000 53 0.005 199.7 8,700,000 19 0.041 24.61 1,070,000 54 0.004 231.3 10,100,000 . 20 0.040 25.19 1,100,000 55 0.004 271.4 11,800,000 21 0.039 25.82 1,120,00056 0.003 323.4 14,100,000 22 0.038 26.51 1,150,000 57 0.003 392.3 17,100,000 23 0.037 27.25 1,190,000 58 0.002 486.3 21,200,000 24 0.036 28.05 1,220,000 59 0.002 619.6 27,000,000 . 25 0.035 28.93 1,260,000 60 0.001 817.2 35,600,000 26 0.033 29.88 1,300,000 61 0.001 1129. 49,200,000 270.032 30.91 1,350,000 >62 0.001 1661. 72,300,000 28 0.031 32.03 1,400,000 29 0.030 33.26 1,450,000 30 0.029 34.59 1,510,000 31 0.028 36.04 1,570,000 32 0.027 37.64 1,640,000 33 0.025 39.38 1,720,000 34 0.024 41.30 1,800,000 i I; i I i T+ I -1 j i,� S321�V- V3i}tl 10� 39tl2i3AV .. L.jX w•. -.i p N M K N fD r OD O1N p N O\ } Om , I. ,TP r -r_'. N M M QON 4y..If1 l r ' i I; i I i T+ I -1 j i,� S321�V- V3i}tl 10� 39tl2i3AV �' I ;tel I l.. � 1 �.�— ..1 .,.�.�o� �aC•� � Q j _� I I' 11 I 1 1 � , I. ,TP r -r_'. 4y..If1 l r ' j O Imo- 10 i N ' .i r 1 _...'. I �, f '•-L y L 1 -Ij � J—� J I._I 1. } {�- L - 7 1-�N 0'. 09 t 1�rrl L 4 ti Lrrl.� HE L -T-F, v i- 1i3 3+ I 1 iie_I`j Li I+ /'� !- 1 1, � , -r { '. I Tr ' � I..... -_'_ �-,-m to .---L- - '-t. � _• , J E Np (j rn Ott IA I -1 I _M O m r D a 0 0 O O 0 0 O O D 9 0 v Ji N C I e AL/jk 80,027..1 April'15, 1974 SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA (1) 1. Public water supply and sanitary sewers available. 1.000 (Min. lot area 1 -'ross acre) 1.000 43,560 d - 1.2 ------=-------------------------"------------------------------------ - 0.2s; from_s = 10,t6 s 50 5 Slope Density Average Slope Density Average 43,560 D.U.per let area C D.U.per lot area 8 gross acre sq.ft. gross acre sq.ft. S d 43,560/d s d 43,560/d 0 1.000 43,560 1. 1.000 43,560 2 1.000 43,560 3 1.000 43,560 4 1.000 43,560 5 1.000 43,560 6 1.000 43,560 7 1.000 43,560 8 1.000 43,560 9 1.000 43,560 10 1.000 43,560 11 0.9£0 44,450 12 0.960 45,3£0 13 0. 9110 46,340 14 0.920 47,350 15 0.900 48,400 16 0.880 49,500 17 0.860 50,650 18 0.840 51,860 19 0.820 53,120 20 0.800 54,450 21 .0.780 55,850 22 0.760 57,320 23 0.740 58,860 24 0.720 60,500 I 25 0.700 _ 62,230 26 ..0.680 64,060 27 0.660 66,000 28 0.640 68,060 29 0.620 70,260 30 0.600 72,600 31 0.580 75,100 32 0.560 77,790 33 0.540 80,670 34 0.520 831770 35 0.500 87,120 36 0.480 90,750 37 0.460 94,700 38 0.440 99,000 39 0.420 103,700 40 0.400. 108,900 41 0.380 114,600 42 0.360 121,000 43 0.340 128,100 44 0.320 136,100 45 0.300 145,200 46 0.280 155,600 47 0.260 167,500 - 48 0.240 181,500 49 .0.220 198,000 50 0.200 217,800 over 50 0.200 217,800 T.1 AL/jk 80,022.1 April' 15, 1974 SANTA CLARA COUNTYSLOPE-DENSITY FORMULA (2) Public water supply available, sanitary sewers not available. (Min. lot area 1.75 gross acres) d = 0:6809 - 0.010952s; from -s-_ 1.0 to s = 50 Slope Density' Average Slope Density Average 2 D.U.per lot area % D.U.per lot area gross acre sq. ft.. gross acre sq.ft. S d 43,560/d s d 43,560/d 0 0.571 76,230 2� 0.407 107,000 1 0.511 76,230 26 0.396 110,000 ..2 !0.571 76,230 27 0.385 113,100 3 0.571 76,230 28 0.374 116,400 4 0.571 76,230 29 0.363 119,900 5 0.571 76,230 30 0.352 123,600 6 0.571 76,230 31 0.341 127,600 7 0.571 76,230 32 0.330 131,800 8 0.571 76,230 33 0.319 136,300 9 0.571 76,230 34 0.309 141,200 10 0.571 76,230 35 0.298 146,400 ll 0.560 77,730 36 0.287 152,000 12 0.549 79,280 37 0.276 158,000 13 0.539 80,890 38 0.265 164,500 14 0.528 82,570 139 0.254 171,700 15 0.517 84,320 40 0.243 179,400 16 0.506 86,140 41 0.232 187,900 17 0.495 88,050 42 0.221 197,200 18 0.484 90,040 43 0.210 207,500 19 0.473 92,130 44 0.199 218,900 20 0.462 94,310 45 0.188 231,600 21 _ 0.451 96,61.0 46 0.177 246,000 22 0.440 99,010 47 0.166 262,200 23 0..429 101,500 48. 0.155 280,700 - 24 0.418 104,200 49 0.144 302,000 50 0.133 326,670 over 50 0.133 326,670 T.2. r ` SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOPE -DENSITY Public water supply and sanitary (Min. lot area 2.5 gross acres) d = 0.475 - 0.0075s; from s = 10 ---------------------------------= Slope Density Average D.U.per lot area gross acre sq.ft. s d 43,560/d AL/jk April FORMULA (3) sewers not available. to s = 50 --------------------------------- Slope Density 6 D.U.per gross acre s d 80,022.1 15, 1974 Average lot area sq.ft. 43,560/d 0 0.4000 1.08,900 25 0.2875 151,500 1 0.4000 108,900 26 0.2800 155,600 2 0.4000 108,900 27 0.2725 159,900 3 0.4000 '108,900 28 0.2650 164,400 4 0.4000 108,900 29 0.2575 169,200 5 0.4000 108,900 30 0.2500 174,200 6 0.4000 ].08,9(10 3.1 0.2425 179,600 7 0.4000 108,900 32 0.2350 1.85,400 8 0.4000 108,900 33 0.2275 .191,500 9 0.4000 108,900 34 0.2200 198,000 10 0.4000 108,900 35 0.2125 205,000 11 0.3925 111.,000 36 .0.2050 2.12,500 12 0.3850 113,100 37 0.1975 220,600 13 0.3775 115,400 38 0.1900 229,300 • 14 "0..3700 117 7:00 39 0.1825 238,700 15 0.3625 120,7.00 40 0.1750 248,900 16 0.3550 '122,700 41 0.1675 260,100 17 0.3475 125,400 42 0.1600 272,300 18 0.3400 128,100 43 0.1525 285,600 19 0.3325 131,000 44 0.1450 300,400 Q 20 0.3250 134,000 45 0.1375 316,800 21 0.3175 137,200 46 0.1300 335,100 22 0.3100 140,500 47 0.1225 355,600 23 0.3025 144,000 48 0.1150 378,800 24 0.2950 147,700 49. 0.1075 .405,200 50 0.1000 435,600 over 50 0.1000 435,600 �y AL/jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan DEFINITIONS OF STEEPNESS ------------------------ Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways, as the relation between the sides of a triangle representing a verti- cal section of a hill, or as the angle between the terrain and the horizontal plane. The letters s, v and h in the attached table indicate a distance on the ground and its vertical and horizontal projections; the letter a represents the angle between the sloping and the hori- zontal sides of a triangle. Unfortunately, the definitions of the terms "slope", "grade", "gradient" and "batter", and of the expression "the slope is one to .." are not well known or uniformly applied, which causes much confusion. It would be desirable if only the one called "slope" were used (as a ratio or a percentage); the others require conversion to and from map measurements. Angles may be measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, or in degrees with decimal fractions, or in grads a right angle is 100 grads; lc=100 =10,000, -but decimals of suffice), or in radians (a right angle islf/2 rad). Radians are the standard measurement of angles in the modernized metric system, but grads are more practical for surveying; transits and other instruments in countries using the metric system are usually calibrated in grads. Incidentally, the triangle on the attached page has a slope of 70%, and the angle a is 350. This is about the steepest hill onecan walk on (provided the ground is not slippery); steeper hills require scrambling with the help of one's hands. - The terms "slope", "grade" and "batter" are defined according to a paper by James 0. Berkland, Senior Engineering Geologist, Santa Clara County Department of Public Works. AL/jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan CONVERSION BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS OF SLOPE ------------------------- ------------------- Example 1 Example 2 --------- Example 3 --------- Example 4 --------- Example 5 Slope - v/h tan a 0.1000 0.3000 0.5000 1.0000 infinite Slope (percent) - 100v/h 10.00% 30.00% 50.002 100.00% infinite Grade - v/s sin a 0.0995 0.2873 0.4472 0.7071 1 Grade (percent) = 100v/s 9.95% 28.73% 44.72% 70.71% 100% Gradient = v(ft)/ /s(miles) = 5280 sin a 525.4 1517.2 2361.3 3733.5 5280 Batter h/v cot a 10x1 3.333c1 2-1 Irl 0 One to .... 1 h ltIO 1x3.333 lr2 lel infinite v Angle (degrees) 5042'38" 16°41'57" 26'33'54" 45° 900 Angle (grads) 6.3451c 18,5547c 29.5167c 50c 100c Angle (radians) 0.0997 0.2915 0.4636 0.7854 1.5708 h v .0 AL/mc—jk. 80,022.1 Hill Area General Plan May 14, 1974 GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS ----------------------------------------------------------------- Slope a S b y=sin x'� "y=Cos x 90° 1800 2700 3600 Most of the presented slope -density formulas are polygonal, i.e, broken lines. The sloping section of this line applies the general formula for a straight line, d=a-bs. Density (d) decreases the amount of b for every unit of slope (s). I The trigonometric functions of sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan, to or tg) and cotangent (cot, ctn or ctg) are defined by a right-angle triangle: sin Q = a/c, cos cL = b/c, tan d = a/ b, cot ei = b/a. Several of the presented formulas are sine curves, a type of curve common in nature as well as in technology. Waves are.sine curves (unless near the point of.breaking). Voltage of alternating current (AC) is a sine function of time. - A cosine curve is identical with a sine curve, only with a phase displace- ment. -I- `• IA AL/mc-ik 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.) ----------------------------------------------------------------- a+b a -b d= a+b cos(s+c) The slope -density sine curves are of the type d=a+b cos(s+c). The maximum value of d is a+b, when s=0. The mini- mum value of d is a -b, when s=180°/c. If a=b, the minimum of d is 0. 180° C ---------------------=------- b b °.2-b- S One of the slope -density formulas is a hyperbola (one of the conic sections), a curve which in each direction X approaches, but never meets a straight line. The simplest hyperbola is y=1/x. (For instance, y may represent dwelling units per net acre, x average lot area in acres; if x is expressed in square feet, y=:43560/x.) The presented hyperbola is.of.the type d=a/.(s+b)-c. When_s=0, d=a/b-c. When d=0, s=a/c-b. -2- 110 Hill Area General Plan GAIN OR LOSS IN NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS DETERMINED BY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS Gain of dwelling units by dividing property (loss by consolidating): Concave part of curve* Loss of dwelling units by dividing property (gain by consolidating): Convex part of curve* A= 100 oc AL/mc-jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Example 1 (County 1 l graph) 200 ac 50% slope: 40 DU or: 100 30% 60 " 100 70% 20 " (100% gain) 80 ------------------------------------------ Example 2 (County I adj. graph; nigh Sine graph) 200 ac 60% slope: 10 DU; 14 DU or: 100 " 50% " 21 " 18 " 100 70% ". 5 5 " (160% gain) 26 23 "(64% gain) ------------------------------------------ Example 3 (County 1 graph; Sine I graph) 200 ac 10% slope: 200 DU; 189 DU or: 100'" 5% "' 100 98 " 100 15% _ " 90 " 88 " (5% loss) 190 186 "(1.6% loss) B= 10000 * The reading for the undivided property does not have to be located at the break of the polygonal graph. The gain or loss occurs whenever one reading of the divided property falls on the horizontal section of the graph and the other on the sloping section. The property does not have to be divided in equal parts. I <r 0 0 • CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN APPENDIX A HTo ,I 1 I I n u TABLE OF'CON",=r-S Section I (Statement of Purpose) ................................ Page 1' Section 11 (Discussion of Slope) ................................ Pages 1-3 • Section !II (Description of Slope -Density Fc=ulas ............... Pages 4-8 11 Section ID (:Model Slope -Density Analysis ........................ Pages 9-15 ._-I A -aa 3ete:al an Appendix A Slooe-,Densi:;, ?o-mulas Sectiot 1: ?u:-oose of This Document • This document has been prepared with the intent of acquainting the general reader with the slope -density approach to determining the intensity of residential development. The slope -density approach was incorporated in the hillside plan in order to develop an equitable means of assigning dwelling unit credit to property owners. In addition to offering the advantage of equal treatment for property owners, the slope -density formula can also be designed to reflect judgments regarding aesthetics and other factors into a mathematical model which determines the number of units per acre on a given piece of property based upon the average steepness of the land. Generally speaking, the steeper the average slope of the property, the fewer the number of units which will be permitted. Although the slope -density formula can be used as an effective means to cont-ol development intensity, the formula itself cannot determine the ideal development pattern. The formula determines only the total number of dwelling units, allow- able on the property, based upon the average slope; it does not determine the optimum location of those units on the property. Exogenous factors not regulated by the slope -density formula such as grading, tree removal, or other environmental factors would be regulated by other means. The slope -density formulas do not represent by themselves a complete safeguard against development detrimental to the environment; but, together with other conservation measures, they are considered a valuable planning device. Section 2: Discussion of "Slope" W Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways: As the relationship between the sides of the triangle representing a vertical section of a hill, or as the angle between the terrain and the horizontal plain, to name two. Unfortunately, the definitions of the terms "slope",11 rade" "gradient", "batter" g g and of the expression "the.slpe is 1 to ..." are not well known or uniformly applied causing much confusion. For purposes of this section, the concept of steepness of terrain will be defined and discussed as a "percentage of slope". "Percent of slope" is defined as a measurement of steepness.of slope which is the ratio between vertical and horizontal distances expressed in percent. As illustrated below, a 50% slope is one which rises vertically 5 ft. in a 10 ft. horizontal distance. -1- -OD" • :--- area General ?_an Appendix A Slope -Density Formulas • One of the most common confusions of terminology relative to terrain steepness is the synonymous usage of "percent of grade" and "degree of grade". However, as the illustration below indicates, as percent of grade increase, land becomes steeper at a decreasing rate. The present slope -density formulas specified by the City of Cupertino require more land for development as the rate of percent of grade increases. Thus, the relationship between percent of grade and degree of grade is inverse rather than corresponding. • • aw, Ifg u s Oaf ,y At u• a41 IN [ K %P �U79 y M 0 IS 40 rt � 16 w 61 i. e To more accurately assess the impact of steepness of.terrain on the. feasibility of residential development, it might be helpful to examine some of phenomenon commonly associated with increasing percentages of slope steepness.) 1. William Spangle 6 Associates Slope Density Study - Phase I. (Published October, 1 William Spangle and Associates was retained by County to assist the effort of Planning Policy Committee relative to Santa Cruz Mountain Study and Montebello Ridge Study. -2- an ?.00endis A Slone -Density =ormulas Percent of.Slope Descrirtion of Slone Problems • 0-52 Relative level land. Little or no development problems due to steepness of slope. 5-755 Minimum slope problems increasing to significant slope problems at 155. 152 is the maximum grade often considered desirable on subdivision streets. Above 15%, roads must run diagonally to, rather than at right angles to contours increasing the amount of cut and fill. For example, the lower segment of San Juan Road in the Cupertino foothills averages 202 in grade. 15-3= Slope becomes a very significant factor in development at ::is steepness. Development of level building sites requires extensive cut and fill in this slope category and the design: of individual houses to fit terrain becomes important. 30-502 Slope is extremely critical in this range. Allowable steepness of cut and fill slopes approach or coincide with natural slopes resulting in very large cuts and fills under conventional development. In some cases, fill will not hold on these slopes unless special retaining devices are used. Because of the grading problems associated with this category, individual homes should be placed on natura• building sites where they occur, or buildings should be designed to fit the particular site. 502+ Almost any development can result in extreme disturbances in this slope category. Except in the most stable native materia: special retaining devices may be'needed. 0 Hill area General F' -an Appendix A Slope -Density Formulas • Section Three: Description of -Slope -Density Formulas 1) The "Foothill Modified" Formula d - 1.85 + 1.65 cos I(s-5) B 4.5} 51 s/_44 The "Foothill Modified" formula is designed for application to those properties in the "Fringe" of the Hillside study area with average slopes less than 101. The formula assumes availability of municipal services. Beginning at credit of 3.5 dwelling units/gr. acre, the formula follows a cosine curve of decreasing density credit with increase of slope, achieving a constant above 43Z average slope. II) The "Foothill Modified 1/2 Acre" Formula d - 1.85 + 1.65 cos { (s-5) R 4.53 225 s J44 This formula is applied in the Urban Service Area to those properties where a full range of municipal utility services are available. The formula begins at density of 1/2 acre per dwelling unit which holds constant at 222 average slope. From 222 to 432 average slope, the formula follows a cosine curve of decreasing • density credit with increasing slope. The density credit above 43Z average slope remains constant at 0.20 dwelling units/gr. acre. III. The "Semi -Rural 5 Acre" Formula d - 0.43 + 0.23 cos (s R 3.4) The Semi -Rural Formula is intended for analysis of properties within the upper reaches of Regnart Canyon where a full range of urban services is not available. The formula begins at a density 0.66 dwelling units per acre and follows a regular cosine curve 422 average slope. Above 422 average slope, the formula holds a constant density credit of 0.20 dwelling units per gross acre. TV. The "County III" Formula d - 0.475 - 0.0075(s) 1OS s <_ 50 This formula is applied to those properties described on Exhibit C-1 which lie outside of the Urban Service Area where no municipal utility services are provided. The formula is of the "polygonal" type, with a constant of 0.40 dwelling unit per gross acre from 0-102 average slope, a declining dwelling unit credit from 10%-507. average slope and a constant dwelling unit credit of 0.10 dwelling units per acre Sfor properties above 50Z average slope. -4- 4.� 4.c 3.0 a < z.s 1.5 ®' 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 fi0 Slope -Density Formula: "Foothill Modified" - 1.85 + 1.65 cos L (s-5) X 4.83 �6s<44 Slope Density Gr.acres Average D.U.per per. D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d 0-5 3.500 0.285 12,445 6 3.494 0.286 12,467 7 3.477 0.288 12,528 8 3.448 0.290 12,633 9 3.408 0.293 12,781 10 3.357 0.298 12,975 11 .3.296 0.303 13,868 12 3.224 0.310 13,511 13 3.143 0.318 13,868 14 3.053 0.328 14,267 15 2.954 0.339 14,746 16 2.848 0.351 15,294 17 2.734 0.366 15,932 18 2.614 0.383 16,664 2.489 0.402 17,501 •19 20 2.360 0.424 18,457 21 2,227 0.449 19,559 22 2.000 0.500 21,780 23 1.954 0.512 22,292 24 1.815 0.551 24,000 25 1.678 0.596 25,959 26 1.541 0.649 28,267 27 1.406 0.711 30,981 28 1.275 0.784 34,164 29 1.147 0.872 37,977 30 1.025 0.976 42,497 31 0.9081.101 47,973 32 0.798 1.253 55,209 33 0.696 1.437 62,586 34 0.601 1.664 72,479 35 0.515 1.942 84,582 36 0.439 2.278 99,225 37 0.372 2.688 117,096 38 0.315 3.175 138,285 39 0.270 3.698 161,081 40 0.236 4.240 184,576 41 0.213 4.694 204,507 42 0.201 4.980 216,716 43 0.200 5.000 217,800 • -6- 51cpe-Deasit7 For=ula: "Foothill Modified 'I Acre" d - 1.85 ++1.65 cos �Cs-5) % 4.8� 5 s 44 • Slope Density Gr.acres Average D.D.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d 0-22 2.000 0.500 21,780 23 1.954 0.512 22,292 24 1.815 0.551 24,000 25 .1.678 0.596 25,959 26 1.541 0.649 28,267 27 1.406 0.711 _ 30,981 28 1.275 0.784 34,164 29- 1.147 0.872 37,977 30 1.025 0.976 42,497 31 0.908 1.101 47,973 32 0.798 1.253 55,209 33 0.696 1.437 62,586 34 0.601 1.664 72,479 35 0.515 1.942 84,582 36 0.439 2.278 99,22 37 0.372 2.688 117,09 38 0.315 3.175 138,285 39 0.270 3.698 7.61,081 40 0.236 4.240 184,576 41 0.213 4.694 204,507 42 0.201 4,980 216,716 43 0.200 5,000 217,800 • -7- F, •04s Slone 0.43 :)ensicy "Semi -Rural - 5 + 0.23 cos (s x 4.0) 445 Ac" Slone Deasit7 Gr.acres Average Slope Densit7 Gr.acres Average Z D.U.per per D.U. lot area Z .D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acra gr.sa.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d� s d 1/d 43,560/d 5 .660 1.515 66000 30 .315 3.175 138285 6 .640 1.562 68050 31 .301 3.318 144532 7 .633 1.579 68806 32 .288 3.467 151041 8 .625 1.599 69690 33 .276 3.622 157764 9 .616 1.623 70705 34 .265 3.779 164655 10 .606 1.649 71858 35 2.54 3.939 171624 . 11 .595 1.679 73134 36 .244 4.099 178582 12 .584 1.712 74601 37 134 4.256 185401 13 .572 1.749 76206 38 .227 4.407 191960 14 .559 1.789 77924 39 .219 4.548 198103 15 .545 1.835 79926 40 .214 4.675 203679 16 .531 1.884 82060 41 .208 4.787 209423 17 .516 1.937 84392 42 .205 4.877 212460 •18 .501 1.996 86933 43 .202 4.944 215389 19 .486 2.059 89695 44 .201 4.986 217196 20 .469 2.128 92692 45 .200 5.000 217800 21 .454 2.202 95938 46 ? 22 .438 2.282 99445 Z3 .422 2.369 103229 24 .406 2.463 107301 .25 .390 2.564 111674 26 .374 2.671 116359 27 .359 2.786 121362 28 .343 2.908 126686 29 .329 3.038 132330 • -8- Slope Density Formula: Santa Clara County #3 r d - 0.475 - 0.0075s • -9- M 0<s <50 Slope Density Average Slope Density Average 7. D.U.por lot area .% D.U.per lot area gross acre s q . f : . - gross acre sq.ft. a d 43,560/d s d 43,560/d 0 0.4000,. 108,900 25 0.2875 151,50[ 1 0.4000 ICS,900 26 0.2800 155,50[ 2 0.4000 108,900 27 0.2725 159,90[ 3 0.4000 108,900 28 0.2650 164,40C 4 0.4000 106,900 29 0.2575 169,20[ 5 0.4000 108,900 30 0.2500 114,200 6 0.4000 108,900 31 0.2425 179,600 7 0.4000 108,900 32 0.2350 185,40C 8 0.4000 108,900 33 0.2275 191,500 9 0.4000 108,900 34 0.2200 198,000 10 0.4000 108,900 35 0.2125 205,0 C 11 0.3925 111,000 36 0.2050 212 0 12 0.3)S50 113,.100 37 0.1975 220, 0 13 0.3775 115,400 38 0.1900 229,300 14 0.3700 117,700 39 0.1825 238,700 15 0.3625 120,200 40 0.1750 248,900 16 0.3550 122,700 41 0.1675 260,100 17 0.3475 125,400 42 0.1600 27.2,300 18 0.3400 128,100 43 0.1525 285,600 19 0.3325 131,000 44 0.1450 300,400 20 0.3250 134,000 45 0.1375 316,800 21 0.3175 1379200 46 0.1300 335,100 22 0.3100 140,500 47 0.1225 355,600 23 0.3025 144,000 48 0.1150 318,600 24 0.2950 147,700 49 0.1075 405,2,00 50 0.1000 435,600 over 50 0.1000 435,600 • -9- M Hill Area General ?tan Appendix A Slope -Density Formulas • Section 4: How to Conduct a Slooe-Density An&lvsis (MaD Wheel Method) The computation of density using a slope -density formula is relatively simple once the basic concepts are understood. This section of Appendix A describes the basic concepts in order to enable individuals to determine density. The City Planning staff will provide technical assistance; however, it is the responsibility of the owner or potential developer to provide accurate map materials used in the slope - density investigation for a specific property. The City has map material which is accurate enough to provide an approximate slope - density evaluation. Accurate information needed to evaluate a specific development proposal must be provided by the owner or developer. SteD One: Selection of Map Material To begin any slope -density investigation, it is important to select the proper mapping material.. Maps on which maasurements are made must be no smaller in scale than 1" - 200'. (1 t 2400) All maps must be.of the topographical type with contour intervals not less than 10 ft. If the map wheel method is used for measuring contours, or if a polar planimeter • is used for measurement of an area, maps on which such measurements are made must not be smaller in scale than 1" - 50' (1 t 600); these maps may be enlarged from maps in a scale not less than 1" - 200'. Enlargement of maps in smaller scale than 1" - 200', or interpolation of contours is not permitted. • Step Two: •Lavout of Standard Grid System The property for which area and slope are to be measured is divided into a nerwork of "cells" constructed from a grid system spaced at 200.ft. intervals. In order to ensure a common reference point and to prevent the practice of "gerrymandering" the grid system to distort the average slope of the property, the grid system must be oriented parallel to the grid system utilized by Santa Clara County's 1" - 500' scale map series. Figure 1 illustrates a hypothetical property divided into cells by a 200 ft. grid network. It is perhaps easiest to construct the 200' x 200' cells by beginning at an intersection point of perpendicular County grid lines ("Q" in Figure 1) and then measuring 200 ft. intervals along the two County grid lines until the entire property is covered with a network. After the grid lines have been laid out, it is helpful to number each 200 ft. square cell or part thereof. Whenever the grid lines divide the property into parts less than approximately 20,000 sq. ft., such areas shall be combined with each other or with other areas so that a number of parts -10- 11 area Ganeral an Appendix A i Slope -Density Formulas are formed with the areas approximately between 20,000 and 60,000 sq. ft. Celle forged by combining several subareas should be given a single number and should be shown on the map with "hooks" to indicate grouting (see area 2 on Figure 1). At this point, the investigator should obtain a copy of the "Slope-Densicy Grid Method Worksheet", Figure 2 of this document. Under Column A (land unit), each line should be numbered down the page to correspond with the total number of cells on the property. (Figure 2) SipAIDARD G0.n7'Ggl� �Uf`( ; . y0.t0 UNt �Win ge ft RwR:R1Y 1 3 5 °4* roaoesrre , 5 � ya�o 'esu.' 5 r ,� .I 111frJ(4lGf� p{. . mom &COWTY 177swim 1I 1 I\ \ FIGURE 1 Step Three: Measurement of Area and Contour Length With the map material properly prepared in Steps One and Two, we can now begin the actual mechanics of the slope -density analysis. The first task is t� ascertain the acreage of the subject property. This acreage figure is obtained by measuring the area of each numbered cell divided by the 200 ft. grid, az1 then summing the results of the individual measurements. Since the standard grid cell measures 200' x 200', it is only necessary to measure the area ttf any non-standard size cell. Referring once again to the worksheet, as each cell is calculated for area, the results should be entered in Column B (aur • Colimn C optional). see Figure 2. • -11- 0 } z -12- MUM 11111111� -12- `> 'AppendixaAGeneral '?lean Slope-Deasity Formulas •a'''rk .�.1 � yty� Irregularly shaped cells may be measured for area quickly and accurately by means of a polar planimeter. This device is analog instrument which traces the perimeter of an arca' to be measured and gives the size in actual square inches. This measure- r B q ment is then multiplied by the square of the scale of the map being used. For example, 1" - 200', the square of 200•ft. means 1" equals 40,000 sq. ft. The total square footage of each cell can then be converted to acreage by dividing by 43,560 sq. ft. More detailed instruction in the use of the planimeter may be obtained from the City Planning Department. Areas of irregular shape can also be measured by dividing each part into triangles, for which the areas are.determined by the formula A - base x height * 2, if a planimeter is not available. Having now determined the area of each cell, one must contour lengths of the property. Contour length and factors in calculating the average slope of the land. interval is measured separately within each standard for whieh.the area has been calculated. The map wheel (Figure 3) is set at ' . zero„ and is then rur. along the :.entire length of a coutour- within the ig1i boundary of the cell.: lifted and wplaeedion the next°contour (with.out:! r,:, resett_g n the wheel to zero) and';ao: x1;rx L=,,"forth until the tctzl length of e c, contours of the specified interval ?•i within the individual cell is r•determined. The map wheel will _ :,display a figure in linear inches traveled. This figure show on the dial should than be multiplied by the map scale. (Example: map wheel reads - 143 inches, map scale is ,,'ikp' Sol. Contour length - 14.5 ;;•, ,< 50 - 750') . The results now proceed to measure the interval are both vital Each contour of a specified cell or other numbered zone then be entered on the proper liximr FIGUBE 3 Column D (Figure 2) • a USING THE MAP WHEEL .•.e':r•• •:k '=< Step Four: Calculation of Averaee Slone '^ Knowing the total length of•contours,•''`the contour interval, and the area of numbered cell, one may now caleulatu the average slope of the land. Either the two formulas below may be used ro.calculate average slope: S0.00231L A Y -13- each of 0 { �'� it S\�,\ �� / '�t�j� _� � u y- {{�..)a�� • f�ir'�jl iL �j. J- p '. j ��`�1��%.'/��[/c��l ;� V r f 1,-�h��` -.i �'�♦ �'{' �C�_\�-' � j t� F a j f/.� • _� _..arra% _ n ....f,: � _. (_ � �.j�.. _ _ �,• t ... t3v, -_c iiL-/.... � _.... .: n a_. II..i11 Area General ?tan Appendix A i Slope -Density Formulas " S average slope of ground'in percent I 6 contour interval in feet, L - combined length in feet of all contours on parcel A - area of parcel in acres The value 0.0023 is l sq. ft..expressed as.a percent of an acre: 1 sq, ft. 0.0023 ac. 43,560 S-IaLx100 A S - average slope of ground in percent I - contour intervaling feet 0 L - combined length in feet of all contours on parcel A - area of parcel and square feet The results should be entered on the appropriate line of Column E of the worksheet. Step Five:' Determination of Dwelling 'Unit Credit With the average slope of the cell now determined, one can calculate the dwelling unit credit per cell by obtaining a factor from the appropriate slope -density table (Section 3 of this document) then multiplying that factor by the area of the cell in acres. Refer to Figure 4 to ascertain which formula applies to the proeprty under investigation. The formula factor is found by.first reading the table column "s" (slope) until reaching the figure corresponding to the average slope of the cell being studied; neat, one reads horizontally to the "d" column (density D.U./gr. ac.). This factor should be entered in Column F of the worksheet. The factor in Column F is now multiplied by the acreage in Column B and the result enterer under the appropriate slope -density formula title (Column G, H, I or J). Step Six: Summation of Results When ail cells in the parcel have been analyzed in the manner previously describe• total for various components of the data may be derived and entered into the two bottom rows of the worksheet. Columns B, C (if used), and D should be sux:ed -15- 0 11 E Hill Area General Plan Appendix A Slope -Density Formulas - - at the bottom of the sheet. A mathematical average may be calculated for Column E. Columns G through J should be .summed at; the bottom of the^page, The totals shown at the bottom of Columns G through J represent the total number of dwelling units permitted on that property, based on the.average slope, These totals should be carried out to a minimum of two decimal places. "Rounding" of Dwelling Unit'''Credit Results The City Council, during its meeting of March 7, 1977, adopted'th'e following policy regarding the rounding up of a numerical dwelling unit yield resulting from application of a slope -density formula: _- "The rounding up of the numerical yield resulting from application of a slope -density formula may be permitted in cases where the incremental increase in density from the actual yield to the rounded yield will not result in a 10% increase of the actual yield. In no case, shall an actual yield be rounded up to the next whole number unless the fractional number is .5 or greater." N Dr.af:t. AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1 August 7, 1975 APPENDIX A • APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS TO DECIDE" DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (This Appendix A is written in such a form that it can serve as a base for an ordinance. Reasons for the various rules are not included in this appendix. These reasons and further explan- ations are included in the section "Slope -Density Formulas" in the more voluminous Appendix B•) Adopted Slope -Density Formulas The following slope -density formulas shall be applied to decide the number of dwelling units on properties within the limits indicated on Exhibit Al, and either within the jurisdiction of the City of Cupertino or subject to prezoning procedures prior to annexation to the City of Cupertino. (1) Within the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Foothill Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi- nation including the suffix - 7.5s; where connection to an urban sewer system is required: 8 40 d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)] + 3.4(0.5 O.5 cos[3(s-5)]j d being density in dwelling units per gross acre, and s slope in percent; the expression 3(s-5) is in degrees, defined as. 1/360 of a full circle. (2) Within the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Foothill Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi- nation including the suffix - 65s; where connection to an urban sewer system is not required: d = [1 + cos(2.7s)] t 3; d being density in dwelling units slope in percent; the expression as 1/360 of a full circle. per gross acre, and s 2.7s is in degrees, defined (3) Outside the Urban Service Area, in areas designated "Rural Residential" in the General Plan and with a zoning denomi- nation including the suffix - 218s; where connection to an urban sewer system is not required: • d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s); d being density in dwelling units per gross acre, and s slope in percent; the expression 2.7s is in degrees, defined as 1/360 of a full circle. -1- Draft AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1 August 7, 1975 APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS • TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.) The tables enclosed as Exhibits A2, A3, A4, derived from the slope - density formulas, shall.be utilized for computation of density, rather than direct application of the formulas or the utilization of a graph. Map Material Maps on which measurements are made shall not be in a smaller scale than 1:-2400 (1 inch to 200 feeti, and contour intervals shall be not less than 10 feet. Enlargement of saps in smaller scale than 1-2400 or interpolation of contours is not permitted. If a planimeter is used for measuring of area, or a "map wheel" for measuring of contours, maps on which measurements are made shall not be in a scale smaller than 1.-600 (1 inch to 50 feet); these maps may be enlarged from maps in a scale not smaller than 1-2400. The previous two paragraphs notwithstanding, an enlargement to a scale not less than 1-2400 from the United State Geological Survey maps in scale 1-24,000 (1 inch to 2000 feet) with 40 -ft. contours • may be utilized for subdivisions outside the Urban Service Area, provided that no lot in the subdivision is smaller than 20 acres. Standard Grid System for Measuring of. Area and Slope The map of the property for which area and slope is to be measured shall be divided by grid lines. The distance between the grid lines shall be 200 feet (or 50m) if slope is measured with the help of a "map wheel"; 100 feet (or 20m) if slope is measured by the method referred to as the "computer method"; 50 feet (or 20m) if the method referred to as the "category method" is utilized. The grid system shall be oriented parallel to the grid system utilized in Santa. Clara County's map system in scale 1e6000 (1 inch to 500 feet). The grid lines shall coincide with 200 feet, 100 feet or 50 feet multiples (depending on which measuring method is being used) of the County's coordinates; except that if the metric system is used, the zero point for the metric co- ordinates shall coincide with the zero point for the County's coordinates in feet. • 72_ Draft AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1 August 7, 1975 • APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.) ------------------ ------------------------------- Measuring of Slope Slope may be measured according to either of the following three methods: (1) "Map -Wheel" -Method : Wherever the grid lines divide the property into parts less th.an approximately 20,000 sq. ft., such areas shall be combined with each other or with other areas, so a number of parts are formed with areas approximately be- tween 20,000 and 60,000 sq, ft. (I5 a 50m grid is used, corresponding area is 1250 to 3750m •) Parts other than the standard squares shall be measured eith.er by planimeter or by dividing each part into tri- angles, for which the areas are determined by the formula Area = Base x Height 2. Area on the map is translated to area in the terrain, depending on the scale, and entered in a form (Exhibit A5). SContours shall be measured separately within each standard square or other part for which the area has been measured. A "snap wheel" is run along a contour, lifted and placed on next contour, et cetera, until the total length of con- tours within the part has been measured. The result is translated from inches (or cm) on the map to feet (or m) in the terrain, depending on the scale, and entered in the form (Exhibit A5). Slope for each standard square is calculated by either of the three following formulas: (A) Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (sq.ft.) (B) Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (acres) x 43,560 (C) Slope (%) = Contours (m) x Contour interval Area (m2) • -3- • Draft AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1' August 7 , 1975 APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.) --------------------------------------------------------------- (2) "Computer" Method: The grid system divides the property into a.number of parts, each 10,000 sq. ft. (or. 400 m2), or smaller. The area of each part is computed by deciding the x - and y -coordinates of the polygon formed by the property boundary (or a closely approximating polygon if the boundary is curvilinear, and applying the formula: A = 0.5 1(xoyl+xly2+....+xn-lyn+ynyo) + (xlyo+x2yl+....+ +ynyn-l+x0yn)]; other computer methods which do not exceed 0.1% inherent approximation in the calculations themselves (as opposed to the measurements) are permitted. Print the resulting area for each standard square or part. Slope within each standard grid square on the map is com- puted from the elevations of the corners of the square. The following methods may be used: (A) Approximate elevations of the corners of the standard grid square from the contours and calculate: s = 50 (vp2+q2 + u2+v2) t a; where s is slope in percent; p, q, u, v are differences between elevations of successive corners of the grid square, starting at the highest corner and proceeding in one direction; a is the side of the grid square. (.B) Test the difference in elevations between successive corners of the standard grid square and divide each difference with the length of the side of the square; test the difference in elevations between opposite corners of the square and divide each difference with the length of the diagonal of the square; select and print the highest value within each standard square. • -4, Draft AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1 . August 7, 1975 APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------- (C) Apply a method.which can be shown to be not less accurate than the least accurate of the two aforementioned methods (A) and (E). This approximation is inherent: that in many cases the slope of the entire standard grid square is applied to apart of the square located within the property boundary. (3) "Slope -Category" -Method (for computer application): Approximate the boundaries of the property to grid lines in such a way that the area of the approximated parcel, consisting of a number of standard grid squares each 2500 sq. ft. (or 400 m2), is as close as possible to the actual area of the property. Calculate slope within each standard square according to one of the methods stated under (2) above. Range • the slope figures within categnries: 0-0.500%, 0.501-1.500%, 1.501-2.500%, etc. (except 0-5.25.0°0, 5.251-5.750°„', 5.751- ,6.250%,....19.751-20.500%, 20.501-21.500%, etc. where the "Foothill Residential” slope -density formula applies). Count the number of standard grid squares within each slope category; multiply this number with the area of a standard grid square; print slope category and the total area within each category. This approximation is inherent: that slope is calculated not on the actual parcel, but on a number of standard grid squares approximating the parcel. Calculation of Dwelling Unit Credit The following calculations will establish the number of Dwell- ing Units for which each standard grid square or part is credited: Select the slope number in the applicable slope -density table (Exhibit A2, A3, or A4 ) nearest to the calculated slope; that is, rounded off upward or downward. Note the corresponding number of Dwelling Units per acre (or per 100,000 sq. ft., or per hectar), multiply this number • with the area of the standard grid square in acres (or in sq. ft. divided by 100,000, or in m2 divided by 10,000). -5- Draft AL/jk 81,003.22 80,022.1 August 7, 1975 APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS • TO DECIDE DENSITY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (cont'd.) The product shall be entered with three decimals in the form (Exhibit A5), or in the computer printout. The sum of these products for all standard grid squares and other parts of the property is the Dwelling Unit Credit for the entire property. The allowed maximum number of dwelling units on the property (or transferred to other property where the zoning ordinance permits this) is the whole number contained in the Dwelling Unit Credit number; that is, the Credit number is always rounded off. downward. Checking by the City Staff Maps, measurements and calculations shall be submitted to the City, and are subject to checking by the City staff-. To facil- itate this checking, all intermediate steps described above must be clearly stated on the indicated form (Exhibit A5), or on computer printouts with approprite headlines. • ty ( 5Y`:.:.'1i lU r ♦."r -t < f� / li r N'/flrlf ( u'� '. -.)Hlr ro N .-1 n ( - N J ".Y` !C ha �. `J% t�M ♦ IhA f �'(��t Y: 1 -R.N r -I •'O� � �H�t' � � � 1 ,ro,1 i-n.�.��J�C��?�=j LCL,' C'� t �'!Y�, -CI. O,O r I • J C7 F ^'00 - ri N sa v ''ctl N JJ co 00 .� m (J "./ ) 1 r ✓ roles J. It al�f /yyl I L 1 4,C •� v S °hug I p �: s 'v ,0 n' Oep�✓vr^^-II /Lr 1/ I 2, r- J/ Pq � /��1 1 i 1 I.. I/ } f ✓ ,i 'a �l t_�, � l t �.,.y S `'i� d{ -r�ti'1 � �-1( ` �� I� 7/'�� f'°o�,�=. �' o /r 4'fl � /' A, � � r f �`f� �'a�/`� ��✓;'.1 N L:{ F s mil l � l ✓ . 4 /J� / - t � �/ / ! ' � � rif `til � < H N 1' ll 1p^��r I ��Jv. <J ((f,,� tF t. �9✓`9' lip r�l'r�l�i w' [ r 14 �\ F �� ! p�(( S°t�J ✓� vi-+'O� CJ�'Jcr--��/� , IJ �S%,SI)i, ✓f) i � - � . ' I 1\� �� t� Li 1 '�- `" y o X311° w cd 111 Y J Y S ( F [ f / / 'L� '�• J r!' ) Yom'` 1 F f) r'i_)� \\�� f\, w NIV \t 1 �' ' t ? 1ti f i' r ✓''✓ � 5� �'.-�, ({ I, S q r� � ` "t �hryr y y .' � T 3 rJ—c.✓ f g �. � L jy �� ` F .. �`�1 ` °✓ ��r fI �l� \�./'l�c. ��..V'�N�� : * ('�` L� „t, ✓J 1(1 �' �i} \� ;��i� `' Iltf �ri,fl �/�� C�'�: ��-''�S t �.:�\ 1a�"✓ b � "" 1 �. f!�- 1 ` U i J I Y: h/ti • /, $ i� V:C �ti "ti r A�/. �� ✓ ✓ E h C! {._. r f / of d n Cvl !f-0 i( l� - )!li I (rl v,-l��gryg"""9-„'+.t'� /f � 1 .:� tr � r 's t ✓ •i {i`Z -,,. J,% 7 r� t� ��.. ” ' t ti r �{Stl. ✓�v �r �lyryl iil(.f\��: 1 U \ ✓i• \ L\ N 4 1 KY qJ� b .; i /Y c �� L I'Y r v � 4 L ' iin �. 4 J )✓r"�r � /� � q St: � ✓ � r�iij° I h�� -' .� .;JV•a �.'.".e. .'✓\�u, ,11.E '1 �r YY:, u�. ... `�: .l �i.y frC�f� �. .. �..„C�i ��-,"�\i%� ( i .J c. IA C' • I \. Exhibit A-2 0-5 4.400 0.227 9,900 Al, /J Y. 80,022.1 0.228 9,91.0 6 4.381 Dec. 10, 1974 SLOPE-DENSTTY FORMULA: Urban Services Available ' '7 -'4.323 FOOTHILL RESIDENTIAL (Composite from s=5 to s=65) 0.234 10,170 d=0.5+0.5 cos [3(s-5)] + 3.4{ 0.5-10.5 8 cos [3(s-5)]} 8.5 4.170 --------------------- Slope Density Gr.acr^_s --------------------------------------------- Average Slope Density Gr.ncres Average R D.U.per per D.U. lot area2 D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr..acre 1.1,040 gr.sq.ft. gr.acre 0.259 gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d s d 1/d 43,560/d 0-5 4.400 0.227 9,900 5.5 4.395 0.228 9,91.0 6 4.381 0.228 9,940 6.5 4.357 0.2.30 10,000 ' '7 -'4.323 0.231 1.0,080 7.5 4.281 0.234 10,170 8 4,230 0.236 10,300 8.5 4.170 0.240 10,440 9 4.103 0.244 10,620 9.5 4.028 0.248 10,810 10 3.946 0.253 1.1,040 10.5 3.858 0.259 1.1,290 '11 3.764 0.266 11,570 11.5 3.665 0.273 ].].,880 12 3.562 0.281 12,230 12.5 3.455 0.289 12,610 13 3.344 0.299 13,030 -33.5 3.232 0.309 13,480 14 3. 3.17 0.321 13,970 14.5 3.002 0.333 14,510 15 2.885 0.347 15,1.00 \ 15.5 _. 2.769 0.361 15,730 16 2.654 0.377 16,41.0 16.5 .2.540 0.394 17,150 17 2.428 0.412 17,940 17.5 2.318 0.431 18,800 18 2.210 0.453 19,710 18.5 2.105 0.475 2.0,690 19 2.004 0.499 21,740 19.5 1.906 0.525 22,860 20 1.811 0.552 24,050 21 1.635 0.612 26,650 22 1.474 0.678 29,550 23 1.330 0.752 32,740 24 1..203 0.831 36,220 25 1.090 0.917 39,950 26 0.992 1.008 43,900 27 0.907 1.102 48,000 28 0.833 1.200 52,300 29 0.769 1.300 56,600 { 330 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 3S' 40 41 42. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 X63 0.713 1.402 0.664 1.506 0.621 1.611 0.582 1.71.9 0.546 1.831 0.513 1.948 0.482 2.073 0.453 2.206 0.425 2. 352 0.398 2.512 0.372 2.690 0.346 2.889 0. 321 3.113 0.297 3.369 0.273 3.662 0.250 3.999 0.228 4.392 0.206 4.852 0.185 5.395 0.165 6.045 0. 14 6 6.828 0. 1.28 7.786 0.111 8.974 0.095 10.47 0.081 12.40 0.067 14.93 0.054 18.35 0.043 23:13 0.033 30.11 0.024 40.86 0.017 58.70 0.011 91..52 0.006 162.4 0.003 365.1 0 - 61,100 65,600 70,200 74,900 79,£00 84,900 90,300 96,100 202 400 109,400 117,200 3.25 800 135,600 146,700 159,500 174,200 191,300 211,300 235,000 263,300 297,400 339,200 390,900 456,000 540,000 650,000 799,000 1.,008,000 1,312 000 1,780,000 2,557,000 3,987,000 7,0£,0,000 15,900,000 • Exhibit A-3 SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA: Public Water Supply Available; Sanitary Sewers Not Available SEMI -RURAL RESIDENTIAL: Within Urban Service Area d = [1+cos (s x 2.7)] t 3 ------------------------------------------------------ Slope Density D.U.per Gr.acres lot area gr.acre per D.U. gr.sq.ft s' d 1/d 43.560/d 0 0.667 1.500 65,300 1 0.666 1.501 65,400 2 0.665 1.503 65,500 3 '0.663 1.508 65,700 4 0.661 1.513 65,900 5 0.657 1.521 66,300 6 0.653 1.530 66,700 7 0.649 1.542 67,200 8 0.643 1.555 67,700 9 0.637 1.570 68,400 10 0.630 1.586 69,100 11 0.623 1.605 69,900 12 0.615 1.627 70,900 13 0.606 1.650 71,900 14 0.597 1.676 73,000 15 0.587 1.704 74,200 16 0.576 1.735 75,600 17 0.565 1.769 77,100 18 0.554 1.806 78,700 19 0.542 1.846 . 80,400 20 0.529 1.889 82,300 21 0.516 1.937 84,400 22 0.503 1,988 86,600 23 0.489 2.044 89,000 24 0.475 2.104 91,700 25 0.461 2.170 94,500 26 0.446 2.241 97,600 27 0.431 2.318 101,000 28 0.416 2.403 104,700 29 0.401 2.494 108,600 30 0.385 2.594 113,000 31 0.370 2.703 117,800 32 0.354 2.823 123,000 33 0.339 2.954 128,700 34 0.323 3.097 134,900 AL/tm 80,022.1 July 30, 1975 Slope Density Average D.U.per Gr.acres lot area gr.acre per D.U. gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43.560/d 35 0.307 3.255 141,800 36 0.292 3.430 149,400 37 0.276 3.623 157,800 38 0.261 3.837 167,100 39 0.245 4.075 177,500 40 0.230 4.342 189,100 41 0.216 4.640 202,100 42 0.201 4.976 216,800 43 0.187 5.357 233,300 44 0.173 5.789 252,200 45 0.159 6.283 273,700 46 0.146 '6.850 298,400 47 0.133 7.508 327,000 48 0.121 8.274 360,400 49 0.109 9.175 399,600 50 0.098 10.243 446,200 51 0.087 11.522 501,900 52 0.076 13.073 569,400 53 0.067 14.976 652,400 54 0.058 17.349 755,700 55 0.049 20.358 886,800 56 0.041 24.254 1,056,500 57 0.034 29.420 1,281,500 58 0.027 36.476 1,588,900 59 0.022 46.471 2,024,300 60 0.016 61.295 2,670,000 61 0.012 84.644 3,687,100 62 0.008 124.568 5,426,200. 63 0.005 201.468 8,776,000 64 0.003 380.455 16,572,600 65 0.001 973.183 42,391,900 >65 0 - - Exhibit A-4 '• . SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA; RURAL RESIDENTIAL 0 - 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x -----------------------------------"---------------------------•--------- Slope Density Cr.acres p. X D.U.per per D.U. gr.acre n d 1/d 0 0.200 5.000 Urban Services 2.7°) Average lot area gr.sq.ft. 43,560/d 217,800 Not Slope % s AT, /jk 80,022.1 May 30, 1973 Rev. Feb. 7.0, 1975 Available Density Cr.acr cs Average D.U.per per P.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. d 1/d 43,560/d 35 0.092. 10.85 473,000 1 0.200 5.003 218,000 36 0.087 11.43 498,000 2. 0.200 5.011 218,000 37 0.083 12.08 526,000 3 0.199 5.025 219,000 38 0.078 12.79 557,000 _ 4 0.198 5.045 220,000 39 0.074 13.58 592,000 5 0.197 5.070 221,000 40 0.069 14.47 630,000 6 0.196 5.101 227.,000 41 0.065 15.47 674,000 • 7 0.195 5.139 22.4,000 42 0.060 16.59' 723,000 8 0.193 5.182 226,000 43 0.056 17.86 778,000 ' 9 0.191 5.232 228,000 44 0.052. 19.30 841,000 ' 10 0.189 5.288 230,000 45 0.048 20.94 912,000 11 0.187 5.352. 233,000 46 0.044 22.84 995,000 12 0.184 5.422 236,000 47 0.040 25.03 1,090,000 13 0.182 5.500 240,000 48 0.036 27.58 1,200,000 . .'14 0.179 5.586 243,000 49 0.033 30.58 1,330,000 15 0.176 5.683. 247,000 50 0.029 34.14 1,490,000 • 16 '0.173 5.784 252,000 51 0.026 38.41 1,670,000 17 0.170 5.897 257,000 52 0.023 43.58 1,900,000 18 0.166 6.019 :.62,000 53 0.020 49.92 2,ISO ,000 19 0.163 6.153 268,000 54 .0.017 57.83 2,520,000 20 0.159 6.298 274,000 55 0.015 67.86 2,.960,000 ' 21 0.155 6.456 281,000 56 0.012 80.85 3,520,000 22 0.151 6.627 289,000 57 0.010 98.07 4,270,000 23 0. 14 7 6.812 297,000 58 0.008 121.6 5,300,000 24 0.143 7.014 306,000 59 0.006 154.9 6,750,000 25 0.138 7.232 315,000 60 0.005 204.3 8,900,000 •. 26 0.134 7.470 325,000 61 0.004 282.1 12,290,000 27 0.129 7.728 337,000 62 0.003 415.2 18,090,000 ' 28 0.125 8.008 349,000 63 0.002. 671.6 29,250,000 29 0.120 8.314 362,000 64 0.001' 1268. 55,240,000 30 0.116 8.647 377,000' >64 0 - - 31 0.111 9.011 393,000 32 0.106 9.409 410,000 33 0.102 9.845 429,000 34 0.097 10.32 450,000 It • • 0 Draft Exhibit A-5 AL/jk 81,003.2.2 80,022.1 July 8, 1975 City of Cupertino, California Planning Department FORM FOR CALCULATION OF DWELLING UNIT CREDIT FRO?: A SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA ----------------------------------------------------------------- Slope-density table applied (check one): "Foothill". "Semi -rural" "Rural". S PART AREA !CONTOURS j SLOPE SLOPE D.U. PER P .U.CREDITSZ $j t (� sq.ft. ft. f % % 100,000 sq.ft. acres acre 4 ? t m2 m = 10,000m2� tt 1 y < (check li)(check 1)((3 de cim.)'(round.)(check 1),r(3 decimals; 7(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) ? (d) (e) ( (f) ! (g) S 1 Measure; Measure 'Calculate1, Nearest Copy from Calculate i . from (b) i numberi table ;from (b) 1 ? and (c) iin tabu ( and (f) 1 3 ( t t 1 J TOTAL ! Hill Area General Plan 16. CONSERVATION MEASURES i1 I Of AL/tm 81,003.22 April 17, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CONSERVATION MEASURES ----------------------------- A statement is being prepared on conservation measures and the means to implement them. 0 r1 u n U w City of'Cupertino HILL AREA GENERAL PLAN Appendix B - Part 2 August 8, 1975 n U w AL/tm 81,003.22 April. 3.8, 1975 Rev. July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan Rev. August 8, .1.975 APPP:I4DIX -------------------------------------------------------------------- IHDEX: 1. Character of the Area - Part: I 2. Land Use & Number of Dwelling Units 3. Housing Opportunities _ It 4. Circulation 5. Schools - Part II 6, Utilities; Nater Resources 7. Scenic Resources; Parks S. Historical Resources 9. Air Quality " 10. Agricultural Resources - 1.1. Mineral Resources - 12. Vegetation and Wildlife 13. Geologic Stability 14. Flood and Fire Hazard 15. Slope -Density Formulas 16. . Conservation Measures 1.7. Energy _ " " a Ilil.l Area General Plan SCHOOLS • 80,051.3 81,003.3 81,003.22 AL/tm March 24, 1975 Rev. April 17, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SCHOOLS Cuperti.no's sphere of influence is served by Cupertino Union School District (Kindergarten, Elementary Schools and Junior High Schools), by Fremont Union High School District, and by Montebello Elementary School District which maintains one small school in the hill area. (See attached list and map.) The first two Districts serve a population in Sunnyvale and San Jose much larger than the population in Cupertino including the County "islands" within Cuper.tino's sphere of influence. The "yield" of students per dwelling unit has dropped rapidly since the 1970 census. This "yield" factor is a component of three different factors: age distribution, composition of households, and proportion of various types of dwelling unit's within the District. These factors are changing rapidly, and the 1970 census is now misleading., idhen basic data from the 1975 Santa Clara County census are available, they . can be compared to 1970 figures and to U.S. long-range forecasts. A combina- tion of these data with data now computerized by Cupertino School District and with an accurate distribution of types of dwellings according to the. revised General Plan will provide the basis for a long-range forecast of enrollment and reserve capacity of each school. 'The following interim conclusions can safely be made from now available data, provided that there will be no sudden major reversal of the present drop in fertility. 1. Within the Urban Service Area; density according to the "City plan": The schools in Cupertino Elementary School District will have enough capacity even when the City is fully built up, provided that the demand on the capacity of each school is equalized through busing or through reali-gnment of attendance area boundaries. However, should the "neighborhood school" concept be maintained (meaning that most students would be able to walk to school), one elementary school may be located on the Catholic Church property, and possibly another on Seven Springs Ranch. A detailed analysis would be necessary to decide assignment areas. 2. Within the Urban Service Area; density according. to the "County Plan": This density is too low to support neighborhood schools within new development areas. Busing to other schools in the district would be necessary,even if the neighborhood school concept were maintained in principle. 3. Outside the Urban Service Area: This area would not have enough population to maintain more than the existing Montebello School, even when -fully built up with the highest density under discussion (the "County flan"). Busing would be necessary because of the long distances within this part of the hall area. If, in the future, residents in this area would choose to join Cupertino Union Elementary School District, there is enough capacity to accommodate the students from the present Montebello School District. I! 81,003.3 81,003.22 80,051.3 AL/tm March 24, 1975 Rev. April 17, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SCHOOLS IN CUPERTINO UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT AND FRr.11ONT UNION HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Within Cupertino City Limits: 36. Collins 37. Cupertino 1. Eaton 38. Hyde 2. Faria 39. Kennedy ,3. Garden Gate 40. Miller 4. Lincoln 41. Ortega 5. Monta Vista 6. Portal 7. Stevens Creek 8. Wilson (closed) HIGH SCHOOLS Within Cupertino's Sphere of Influence: 42. Cupertino 43. Fremont . 44. Homestead 9. .Doyle 45. Lynbrook 10. Joll man 46. Monta Vista 11. Older 47. Sunnyvale 12. Regnart .48. .Blaney 13. Sed ick .(closed) 14. Stocklmeier 15. West Valley Outside Sphere of Influence: 16. Blue Hills 17. Calabazas Creek (closed) 18. De Vargas 19. Dilworth 20. Eisenhower 21. Grant 22. Hansen 23. Hoover* 24. Inverness 25. Luther 26. Meyerholz 27. Montclaire* 28. Muir 29. Murdock 30. Nimitz 31. Panama 32. San Antonio (closed) 33. Serra 34. Stichter i 35. Warren (closed) *May serve future development on Seven Springs and Catholic Church properties, which are within Cuper.tino's Sphere of Influence. f !i k y -,^ '1-(� - `.c��'7j `- -- �....lt :..•t,i - it _,.... .. ._ .�•f\�_[r3f tr ` l - f-�.i> '. �.-1�'' L$ ..,�_ I __ •'� '-3�Tjr`�.�i�a}Y J�'; nrj*.�✓l�r,�Jt - € `.- "• ` '��i� - - �[y� lts.c:y L.�.II tl jr—-�1=.�`^'4 ak''ae,-`��/2`r�t�! -n {{``?�•'� _i -•?w _- (,�s J h'4A 4 R - I:.�r .s'`#.[f•F{'+IL�t� -T '- --t _ lil'F fj{ 1`F t_' x' .; :�j :) �`Vt 'KAU r=y,f`r,, -.:,.� tai` �'r--- - Y, `' - -- -� T.'. -"fir." �- - ". =!'8 "S".E: E�4.'�'' 1 '0 Ei� „�^Ft �+I 1. --- ' `��E}�'��-�'�:a.��"�-�- 6„_'� _ •�"- - •`�� a�?..� Vis;-"'�4:, -- -- - - ,I �;-.-- - "-'--/�- -- r :_t.�_ - - -- - -_ - Jt ` ..._ .. �-.:^,-q Fq_� `�' Ff .'.' y r ' t., - il:f��+rs' _ - - r[e;j _ - ! - - �t�. P •_ °7641 v`1. _ t T I K y�`�&� �_ �� `� -.'' � � `� :r •� �� /_ � -+�y` / r^ �\V t J•' f ' .r_ r-�-.� � 1 ,. f � � , ��t t ,5. ,'^� r/' ♦t � -. � .. t \{E �- I r- ✓ : �.. � I : 1 ! • s _ _ _ � !? ,- r � t � \ 'r • .'f,t' rl L�F�:X. �� r! ~}-? i� ,e'_lr •r `�•, \� _ '3 "'}.•< aM s• �: ,! t 33 - .•:. / - �f ..,r n �, �/�-,SIF € ' G i ��. i } 1� .t�J N r _ • .8 _F 1 - : t �'- .-- A ' k-. »� / `a rf e fj >'3 11 ' +..;h f { _ 't f � �dtyi O � ., � - �., !j! 7 _- � /'•s - { �y' i _1'J:�. 'moi ,:r` ! _ ".j t \ t i•=: c \\1\` _ _ _ - { - y ,4 1A10r i-• , .. • r- � `� r A�• �. �'�t�/i/� �/ � •x 1�� M_� .r�\ � ___ a i �-7'C-1"'r-t ,r �^-�,..�`-f, �l�i � r., ��il`{F+iL-'i �! 1t t.,F'� y `9 J.''{ ; �_��s5^ _�t ?i� '�� _-r -, �.--= �a, _. 'f � ,,� �`l! 1�.�-��., - 0 T '�.'h�-�#,ice y-t� �" I } 1 _ �;"L 7 i `,� �•„ _ �.."_�`�\/� _r; ',` �.if^'\\ .:1-i i-•`.._.-.`:''��ii.. � r�-�1 �j ; tF771�-�.---; �-:- e -7- I t,+1� i:i��_ i i ; � � ') � Vis, .\-�. - - _ tt�! ��ri�,{,+ .: q 77 t l R f*'..`T• C 'r � r_ ! �' t ��`E r Cyt tY Z-e,,i'r';ra� J , :l-oq� �'., ,ti� �' ..�c 'lam\ - � � s- �V�.�r1 ��t�L- N es+ � +• i j. i A� �{j 1 � _�� '�ij�� LTI it�� t( t \ l � `its ,��. i ✓ft � .: � \.,. _. NI -`�-� 1 .` F-..�. � •. _- '� ?.� 7 •� _ �{� }� IIJ b - 3 y El(1jJ�I9i` � � -: \\_ � , ti:, ,� `` x -,' F :U\J� � °' t. <. _._. t 1 ,.;,t�. ' .�._a • � ' � ^f�� r •r--U-,�,r_ f <. r +� pL r'.' -` 'tC `. � ��"� f _ �- i �-__^' -�- �• 7-. 12 _ - �: I !f �:..,��-.i-. (��. �-u t �r��:�� c=• 'r. (t� %` _ .�.., -4b _ _1;., \ �.�,1 r. ,� ,. ,rfi , � i� ,--5 1--r"�1 •. �e -{dam" - �W�'"t--:fl•�� _ _ 1f:_:_: .:,f =- - f-� t _-- 1) :��.\� �- ��J�f:�'_`J �. ILJ+. 9. "r �, :1��}) � r� .�',.-^_-„Y,f;. !tet F {'^� �-. ��\ f .-.. •_® i� � _ _ t"° J _- /.�e`,(t� i'��pt%tr_,.-• t t � � �- ��J.-s•s.�\ l e �F1` � k j }r. 'I�'. lt7•[��.L'�•1�i I t � - i __� 4� .�cj _ { /� � 7 �I .\\'1,. �•C �� , y````\ ��\ z _ - �� - � } { � E�'ru,A 1 = ff•, j `��.�� •r \I \: J '�'Ll: .�✓ ��/1 ,� -/ I i j_ ,-J -�iG .. rliT - , If � .,-,i1S , ��[:fi, � i -: .:a_i ! G� "`• /: 1 r � _j fV s»rr� goo w �jj 7 :GENERAL,PLAN DATE, March 3, 1975 File Ntwnber 80,051 AL/TG ["=2000' 1:24,000 Hill Area General Plan UTILITIES; WATER RESOURCES (• 1. AL/jk £31.,003.3 hill Area Genera] Plnu 81,003.22 WATER RISSOURCliS AND SUPPLY April 15, 1975 -- ---------- --'-------- ---- --- ----- --- ----- ---- ----- -- - - - --- Cupertino's sphere of inf].ucncc i.s served by four water distribu- tors, in addition to wells on indivi.clual. lots in the hill area: 1. California water Service Company (a private company) - 2. San .lose water b'orks (a pri.va:c company) 3. City of C111)e1:ti110 MUn:i.cLI) aI Nater Ut:il.i.ty 4. Re. gJill Iqutunl Sdatcr District (a small ass oc:iati. on in the Regnart Canyon area, t)i.th no capacity for. significant expansion) The number of dwe.11.ing units served is al)proximacely_ as follows (see also Table 1): Cali. fornia water Service San .l0Se Water ldorl:s C:i.ty of Cuperti.no The City has two storage tanks, gallons. A third tank, reit): a proposed to be constructed this Nov._I_. 1974 FuturL* 4,187 5,727 3,053 4,086 850_ 6,842 ].1,090 16,655 with a total. capacity of 2 million capacit-Y of 2 million gallons, is year. These tanks would be able to serve about 5,000 dwelling units, including res^-rvr. canaci.t,' I'or omerl;cncies• To serve the fully built: u,p C:i.t:y (including County 'islands") wi.thin the Urian Service Area, an additional sr.ora,c or pumpiu;r, capacity of 1,400,000 gallons t•rould be required. (See Table 2.)*;; The cost for this additional capacity uiay be borne through tiie water revenues. The three ma,Ior discributo:-s of water qct: their supply frori wells, and froin taater sI. ied throu�,it Santa Clara valley water District. The increment needed for nddi.tional. deve.l.opment: in Cupertino is small compared to the Di.str:i.ct's resources, and is not a limiting factor in the City's General. Plan. San .Tose water I•!orl;s and C;:li.forni.a ':!atcr ser.vI.ce Company have stated that: they can easily e;:pand their di.stri.buti.on system to serve additi-onal dc: vel opccenl: within h tc+ir se r.v:i.ce area. w • * The Sphere of Influence fully built up, according to adopted parts of the General Plan and the. "Poothi.l.]. 1,coidcntial" i. (•_7 slope -density 1.01-Mul.a (compc•site 0-4.4 Dll/a(:re) in the hill area. ** Tab lc 3 i.s an c::pnnsi.oil of Til, lc 2 in order to incaude two density al LcrnaCves: 'Veru ).ow Dcusi.ty" and "Co un Cy Pla1 . 16 AL/ jk 81,003.3 81.,003.22 April 15, 1975 hill Arca Ct.uera1 11:I.an WATHR RL'S0URCES A?IU SUPPLY (cont'd.) -------------------------------------'----------------------------- The City of. Cupertino Municipal Water Utility has a limitation in that the present system cannot maintain pressure abr)ve 500 ft. ele- vation. To serve areas above this level. wiLhin the Urban Service Area, it would be necessary to install additional pumps an'd p7res- sure tanks. This can be done (a) as a part of the City system, (b) by a Loral. Improv6ment District, or (c) individually by each property owner. A consultant will be engaged to evaluate in detail the Ci.ty's future need 6f wager. As an input, 7.t is necessary to provide either tables of dwelling units per block (present figures are totals for neighborhoods only), or. a ":lot" mal, where symbols rep- resent 1.0 dwelling units, f:or instance, :::it=h different symbols for different types of units. Tile "dot" map is Preferable, as it can be used for many planning purposes; it may be produced as a part of the suggested second phase- of: the Gcueral Plan. The proposed "ltura7 Residential" sl_opc- density formula would per. - mit about 400 dwca.l.ing units within Cupe.rti.no's sphere of influence, but outside the Ci.ty's Urban Servicc Aria. Most: of the units would be located on Montebello Ridge or in Upper: Stevens Canyon. (This: arca is under Lite Co:n.tl;'s juri:<d!.cti.ou, and application of Lite County's adopted formulas would permit about 800 dwelling units.) tells !.on of the system by any of: the' three major distributors would be excessively expensive, considering the low residential density and the distance from existing wester mains. Therefore, supply will depend upon wells driven to the ground water level. Traditionally, each builder of a home constructs his own well, which is a gamble ill areas wit -.17 li.mit:cd supplyof ground water. The ciarli.er. builders rimy draw ;'rom tbci.r neighbors' water and exhaust the supply. Obwicus ly, it would be i,:portant to know if. the ground water in the area can supply the proposed density. Contact with t'.ie Santa Clara Valley `Inter District indicates that there exists no itydrologi.cal. sw vey ill the area, and that attemptsto develop a general. formula Cu calculate supply from rainfall and geolop.ca.l. f.ormat:i.ons have failed. The formation underlying,,,Montcbello Ridge is a poor ret.ai.ner of. water.. Ilow- . ever, the opinion was offered that the supply of water for house- hold purposes would probably be. enough for the proposed JOW. density; it seems 7.ikely that. capacity of sewer disposal through septic tanks; would be a limiting factor rather that: water supply. -2-- AL/_ik 81,003.3 81,003.22 Hill -Arca Cencral. Plan April 15, 1975 WATER RESOURQES AND SUPPLY (cont'd.) ------------------------------------•------------------------------ It was further indicated that a hydrological survey detailed enough to be of value would, b'e very expensive, and that the out- lay could not be expected to be recovered through fees charged developers, due to the low density and the slow rate of develop- ment. Rainfall from''the study area collect:: in throe watersheds, surf: acing as Stevens Creek, Rcgnart Creek and Permanente Creek. Wells sunk in the bed of Stevens Creel: provide part of the water supply for the City of Cupertino Plunicipal.ldatcr Utility. Development in the hill arca outside Che. Urban Service Area would depend on wells and septic tanks. Thus, the wager is recycled, and supply to the wells in the l.owu r part of the area should not dimini.sh. As indicated by contract i:::i.t:h the Santa Clara Valley Water Distr:i.ct, there is no sui.table locntion for, a percolation pond for recharging of ground water within the study arca. w -3- �O AL/jk 81,003.22 81,003.3 81,003.31 Hill Area General Plan May 12, 1975 IMPAC':' OF "MAXIMUM PLAN" ON WATER SUPPLY ANll SEWERS ---------------------------------------------------------------- A "Maximum Plan" has been added to the alternatives being studied in the dill Area General Plan. It is described in the revised chapter. "Introduction to Alternatives and basically assumes. ex- isting zoning in the foothill fringe area and R1-7.5 zoning on Catholic Church and Seven Springs properties. This plan would result in the following changes in Table 3 (March 24, 1975) of the chapter. "Maximum Water Resources and supply" "MAXIMUM PLAN" lioldin.F. Dwelling Units 8.,411 Population (approx.) 25,000 Demand; It. Gal. Fire reserve 2.750 Domestic 5.500 Miscellaneous 0.850 Total reserve 9.100 Supply: M.Ga1. Tank 4.000 Pumping 2.100 Additional supply 3.000 Total supply 9.100 An additional supply of 3 million gallons.for a 10 -hour peak demand would have to be provided by additional tanks or pumps, compared to 1.7 million gallons according to "City 'Plan'.'. Impact on the sewer system of the "Maximum Plan" is seen on the attached Diagram 7A, compared to Diagram 7 (February 21, 1975) of the chapter "Sewers" representing the "City Plan". When Diagram 7A is compared to Diagram 4 (February 21, 1975), representing dwelling units according to the Revised Master Plan of: November. 1964, it is found that the "Maximum Plan" still has considerably fewer dwelling units within the service area than the 1964 plan. The Central, "G" and "J", trunk lines serve approximately the same number of dwelling units in the two dia- grams; trunk line "II" has considerably fewer units in Diagram 7A than in Diagram 4. -I- IO AL/jk 81.,003.22 81,003.3 81,003.31 May 12, 1975 Ili 11 Area General. Plan IMPACT OF "MAXIMUM PLAN" ON IJATER SUPPLY AND SE[dERS (cont'd.) -------------------------------------- The "Maximum Plan" comes close to needing the full capacity of several trunk lines of the sewer system. It seems that if the "Maximum Plan" were adopted, it should not befinalized until a detailed study of the trunk lines has been conducted, in cooperation with the Cupertino Sanitary District. V -2- a I �• Hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply DWELLING UNITS IN WATER SERVICE AREAS (Approximate numbers) AL/jk 81,003.3 Feb. 28, 1.975 Table 1 ----- N'd. -------------------------------- Exist. or under constr. 1,1/1/74 -------------------------------- Holding capacitv(fally h_u1.lt tin) Calif. San JOSE: Cupertino Calif. San Jose Cupertino Water Co. Water Wks. Water Ut).1. Water Co. Water Wks. Water Util. 02 262 52.5 262 525 03 630 630 12 422 543 21 579 665 22 224 225 319 320 30 41.8 640 31 477 9U4 .32 212 1048 33 356 36.1 _ 2382 1948 3333 2884, 40 389 537 41 881 1302 ' 42 100 480 100 561 50 124 122 51 152 908 1.52 1394 1646 480 .908" 2213 561 1394 61 523 571 62 .366 545 63 '100 '2"41 100 312 64 506 541 • 606 1130 641 1428 70 159 181 71 649. 774 72 276 A 8 8 73 138 221 81 168 375 82 456 533 83 1_25 1.98 159 1812 181 2589 Church 730 Re gn. C. 166 7_Spr. 19 .� ,_ 535 19 1431 TOTAL .4187 3053 3850 5727 4086 6842 ki :• �-�J ' hill Area General Plan: Water Resources and Supply WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND TABULATION FOR 10-11R. PEAK CITY OF CUPERTINO MUNICIPAL WATER UTILITY ----------------------------------------------'--=--------------------" Nov. 1 1974 AL/jk '81,003.3 March 5, 1975 Rev. March 24,1975 Table 2 DEMAND 11olding Capacity** Dwelling Units 3,850 5,000 6,842 Population (approx.) 11,500 15,000 20,500 Demand • Million gallons Fire reserve*** 1.950 ,. 2.250 2.600 Domestic 2.500 3.300 4.500 Miscellaneous 0.400 0.550 0.700 Total reserve 4.850 6.100 7.800 -Supply: Million gallons Tank - 2.000 111,000 4.000 Pumping 1'.500 2.100 2.100 Additional supply**** - - 1.700 Total supply 3.500 6.100 7.800 *' Alternative, assuming no additional storage tanks or pumps, except those programed in 1.974-75 budget (2 million gallon tank and increase in pumping capacity). ** Adopted General Plan, "Foothill Residential" slope -density formula (0-4.4 DU/ac.). *** Elwyn E. Seelye: Data Book for Civil. Engineers Design, Vol. 1, P. 20-03. **** Provided by additional tank or additional pumps. * Alternat-ive, assuming no addi Li.onaJ. ;storage Lanks or pumps ,except. those programs d in 1974-75 budgeL (2 million gallon 'tank and i.ncrc::::c in pumping capaci Ly).. ** 1101dJnl; Capa Ci_Ly (Dwelling Units) of the adopted General. Plan in the "i.uftl.li.np" area and Lhc "Foothill Rec:i.den Lial" slope- .dcnsity Lo rmula (0-4.4 DU/ac.) in the Hi1J. area. ***N Elwyn E. Scel.yc: Data Look for Ci vil P..nL1tiP. ers, Design, Vol. 1, 1). 20-03,. --- . ------ -- **** Provided by addi..tional tank or additional pumps. a � Al./jk 81,003.3 Hill Arca General 1'1 an: Water Resources and Supply March 24, 1975 WATER, SUPPLY AND I)F'1?._:D TABULAT10:1 FOR 1.0-II11. PI'.AK DFMAND Table 3 CITY OF CUPERTINO MUI:1.CIPAL WATER UTILITY -- ______________________________--_-_-_-__-_--____--________-__-_-___-______ Nov. 1 "Very Low * "County OCity 1974 Density" Plan" Plan"** Q Dwelling Units 3,850 4,879 5,000 5,404 6,842 Populalaon (approx.) 1.1,500 14,600 15,000 16,200 20,500 Demand: M i 111 on_g,allons Fire reserve*** 1.950. 7..200 2.250 2.350 2.600 Domestic 2..500 .3. 200 3.300 3.550 4.500 Miscellaneous 0.400 0.500 0.550 0.600 0.700 Total reserve. 4.850 5.900 6.100 6.500 7.800 ' ITly M i 11. i 1_ l ,;;}.• on_ga ons Tank - 2.000 4.000 4,000 4.000 4.000 P ump i 11 1.500 2.100 2.100 2.100 2.100 Additional. supply**** - 0.400 1'. 700 Total supply 3.500 6.100 6.100 6.500 7.800 * Alternat-ive, assuming no addi Li.onaJ. ;storage Lanks or pumps ,except. those programs d in 1974-75 budgeL (2 million gallon 'tank and i.ncrc::::c in pumping capaci Ly).. ** 1101dJnl; Capa Ci_Ly (Dwelling Units) of the adopted General. Plan in the "i.uftl.li.np" area and Lhc "Foothill Rec:i.den Lial" slope- .dcnsity Lo rmula (0-4.4 DU/ac.) in the Hi1J. area. ***N Elwyn E. Scel.yc: Data Look for Ci vil P..nL1tiP. ers, Design, Vol. 1, 1). 20-03,. --- . ------ -- **** Provided by addi..tional tank or additional pumps. a AL/tm 81,003.31 March 6, 1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Hill Area Ceneral Plan SEWERS The Cupertino Sanitary District serves all of the City of Cupertino, ''islands'' under County jurisdiction but more or less surrounded by Cupertino (not including Rancho Rinconada), and also fairly large areas in San Jose and Saratoga. At present, about 20% of the dwelling units served by the District are located within the city limits of San Jose and Saratoga. The District is prepared to extend service into nearby hill areas, if population density justifies this. The Sanitary .District. adopted a Diaster. Sewer Plan in November 1964. Included in the plan are two maps indicating existing and proposed trunk sewer lines, also assumed future density in the service area. Four tables were included: 1. Analysis of the existing sewer -system. For each trunk is indicated diameter in inches, velocity in feet per second and resulting capacity in gallons per. hour. 2. Criteria for design of the revised master sewer plan; die table lists five different densities in dwelling units per acre, corresponding persons per dwelling unit, and as a result five figures of persons per acre; futhcrmore gallons .per day per person and resulting gallons per day (average and peak flow) per acre. 3. Analysis of land use by trunk service areas. The number of acres in each type of development with the same criteria is indicated. . 4. Table of the computed ultimate sewer flows in each service area. Here each section of trunk lines is listed between the points where other sewers join the trunk. The City of Cupertino Planning Department has computed the ultimate number of dwelling units, the number of persons, and the peak flow in gallons per day in each trunk service area on basis of the data in the District's tables. (There are minor differences in resulting gallons per day because of rounded figures.) The result is the attadied tables and Diagrams 1-3: dwelling units in trunk service areas; population in trunk service areas; million gallons per day (peak flow) between trunk service areas. The entire area served by the District would contain 24,549 dwelling units with 84,994 persons and the outflow would be 11,835,000 gallons per day peak flow. (Naturally these figures are approximate.) -1- 40 AL/tm 81,003.31 March 6, 1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SEWERS (cont'd.) . ---------------------- It is seen that some of the trunk service areas have two or more outlets and that trunk sewers interconnect in various ways. It is noted that if four trunk service areas (E, K, L and M) in the central part of the City are combined, these interconnections will disappear from the diagram. Diagrams 4-6 have been prepared of this simplified system; the sewer system will then be represented as a tree branching out. (There are, however, smaller cross -connections between the trunk lines for diversion purposes, to provide more flexibility in the ebent specific areas do not develop exactly as anticipated.) The number of dwelling units in the now adopted part of. the General Plan (1974) and tentatively calculated number of dwelling units in the hill areas has been applied to the.trunk service areas of the sewer system. Diagram 7 indicates dwelling units with these assumptions. (Population and million gallons per day peal: flow have not been calculated so far.) The number of dwelling units in this diagram is iLU oximatc because neighbor- hoods for which dwelling unit calculations have been made and trunk service areas do not coincide. As far as only outflow from residential areas is considered, it seems that there is considerable excess capacity in the Sanitary District's Piaster Plan, compared to the City's present General Plan. The reason for this is that the District assumed considerably higher density in several residential areas of. Cupertino and also assumed that residential development with a density of one dwelling unit per acre would extend a considerable distance up in the hill area. Calculations assume that the constant factors for persons per dwelling unit and gallons per person still apply. In case of the former factor there actually has been a considerable lowering since the District's Master Plan was adopted, which results in additional excess capacity in residential areas. The gallons per person and day have kept fairly constant, according to the Sanitary District. On the other hand, the electronic industries now in operation in Cupertino or in the planning stages are heavy water users and therefore discharge large volumes into the sewer system. This was not entirely anticipated in the District's 1964 Master Plan, and counterbalances the decrease in anticipated population. The outflow from the northeast corner of the City and the treatment plant in San Jose is shared with parts of the cities of Santa Clara and San Jose and 'with several unincorporated County areas. A new interceptor lane for this outflow is under design, with additional purchase into the treatment plant; this will have some safety factors incorporated in order to handle "peak" flows and also the }ossible inclusion of Rancho Rinconada as a long-range plan. -2- AL/Cm 81,003.31 March 6, 1975 Rev. March 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan SE14ERS (cont'd.) It has been questioned whether it would be possible to count backwards along the sewer trunk lines to find out the maximum number of dwelling unitsand population that could be accommodated by the sewer system. Such computations would be extremely complicated because of interconnection of sewer lines and because certain sections of the sewers have excess capacity and others do not. It would be impractical without the use of a computer. It is desirable to make more accurate calculations which would bring the core area, the infilling area and the hill area sections of the General Plan together in one document. Dwelling units would then be recorded either by block or in the form of a "dot map" with different symbols for different types of dwelling units, each dot representing 10 dwelling units, for instance. This would lead to more exact division of the dwelling units bct•:een the trunk service areas. A better estimate of the number of persons per dwelling unit would be. made by comparing 1970 and 1975 census. Also, a more exact measure- ment of non-residential areas is needed. -3- CUPF"lUINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31 (3) L Cupertino Trunk Service A B C D 1111-1] 0A11 InI "ch 0 1,975 L Cupertino Trunk Service A B C D DU Very TOW 1 DU/ac '101. 1,306. 684 LOW 2 264 1.50: .247: Medium 3.5 460 �681 932 Medium High 9 169 87 I. High 15 Total Dwelling Units 724 1,101 1 553! 1,703 I; .9 POP. (4 I)crs./DU) 40 11 .51 2,736 II (4 1,056 )'00 q 88: 0224 1 (4 ....... ... 1 21724 3,728 (3. �5 07 261. 12 a (3 Total Population 2,896 4,235. 6,212; 725 PG/D (1,20 /pers ...... 48,480 626,880 :328,320 (120 126,720 72,000, 11 81560 (120 220 C 0 '3 .326,111 :447,360 '11191. (112.5/ 57,038;. 29;363 (112.5/ 20 Peak clow, gallons/day 347,520 504 , 39 8. 745,440, 805,043;` 2 1 22 Acres Commercial 23 Indus trial Public 25 Quasi -Pub. 1 1 7. G Total acres int. non -res. 3 �-o 40.8! J5.0 5.8 27 x 1500 211 Peak Flow, gall.ons/day 49 , 50061 1200 1, 52,500 8 700 31 Acres Parks It tilities U 32 Total acres ext. -non -res. 33 x 150 34 Peak Flow, gallons/day TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 397,020 .565,598 813,743 .797,940 I B 4 not nnnon nr AL ,-'eb .26 CUPERT1146 GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Revised Master Sewer flan Nov- 196" 81,033.31 Cupertino Trunk Service Area E F G 11 1,148 DU Very Low I DU/ac :30 4 Low 2 4Y 91 II Medium 3.5 1765 i287 975 817 Medium High 9 1,006 416 .997; High 15 438 90 ...... Total Dwelling Units 2,200 11 2,330, 2,472 Pop. (4 pers./DU) I I, i I 1:1216 4,592' f 1(4 :180. 364 31060- 1,148 3268,248 (3 2,991 618 -I 3,018 , 1 (3 0 1 314' 270, Total. Population TGID (120/pers . 7,365 2,036 8,31.4 :145,920 9,472 551,040 (120 21,600 43,680 (120 .367,200 137,760 it 1468,000. 1 392,160 (112.5/ ;336,488 69,525 .339,525 1 140,400 (112.5/ .147 825 3b'" - 375 Peak Flow, , gallons /day 851,513 237,660 11 975,04.- 1,1127 280 Acres Commercial 'Industrial Public Quasi -Pub. Total acres int. non -res. 148-9 146.5 166.9 .3.0 x 1500 Peak Flow, gallons/day 223,350 1 69,750 2501,350 4,500 Acres Parks Utilities Total acres ext. non -res. 87.7 x150= -Peak Flow, 13,155 ...... ---- ------- TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 1,074,863 307,410, 1*2251395 1,144,935',' At, IFeb .26 CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT Revised Master Sewer Plan Nov. 1964 81,003.31 11975 1 III 12) Cupertino Trunk Service Area K 34 35 37 311 II 3 it it Peak Flora, gallons/day TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 1,474,065 618,675 463,988 230,445 DU Very Low I DU/ac Low 2 ;318 3 Medi u Medium 3.5 '860' 140 4 9 4 Medium High 9 2,426' ;558 885, .266 High 15 !692 192 Total Daelling Units 31604: 1,250 11217, 315 o POP. (4 pers./DU) 1 272 (4 10 (4 3,440. 196 7,2M I 674 _560!__., 2,61i5:. 798. (3 '576 13 __2;076 Total Population I 9=0 3;750 31791 9.9 4 14 15 PG/D (120 /Pers.) .152 640 (120 Ii' (1.2023,520 .412,800 67,200 (112.5/ 81.8,775 188,325 298,688 89,775 ;233,550 I 64,800 20 - .(112.5/ jPcak. Flow , gallon s/day 1,384,215 421,875 430,68S.L. 2 113,295 22 Acres Commercial 23 Industrial 2 24 Public iz 25 Quasi -Pub. zc Total acres int. non -res. 78. 1 5919 x 1500 P 2n Peak Flow, gallons/day 89,850 196,800 33 300 117,150 :'2 .1 21) Acres Parks ----------L L 31 11 Utilities 3 2j Total'acres ext. non -res. 31 x 150 34 35 37 311 II 3 it it Peak Flora, gallons/day TOTAL PEAK FLOW, gal./day 1,474,065 618,675 463,988 230,445 CUPERTINO GENERAL PLAN, PUBLIC FACILITIES, ELEMENT Revised Master Sewer Plan - Nov. 1964 81,003.31 . .. ... ....... ...... . ........... Cupertino Trunk Service Area ID, Low Low I DU/ac 2 . 2 1 . - 2 3 of Medium 3.5 4 Medium High 9 5 High 15 Total' Lfwclling Units M_—_ i�—_N 723 837 11733 ♦PPOOYLV EY TOTAL 3,86 797 zI 6,689 851, 8,704 913 1�'498 3,764 24,549 7 Pop. (4 pers./DU) (4 10 u u n 2,892 (3 2,511. I 2,553. 12 u(3 :519. 8,739. 13 Total. Population 5$92211,292 14 PG_/_D 16 (120 '71 (120 347,(4 15,444 (1.12.5/ 1282,488 .28.7,212 26,112 (112.5/ 58,387 983,138 20 84,994 iPeak Flow,, gallons/day 687,915 J 270,350 382,560 21 3,21.0,720 2,937,602 1,518,075 22 9,902,237 2' Acres Commercial 23 Industrial 2.4 Public :: 1,280.8 2 25Ruasi -Pub ---- -------- 26216.8 _ Total acres int.. non -res. .:292.7 j13! 27 13,155 x 1500 28 Peak Flow, gallons/day 325)200 439,050 3 30 Acres Parks 31 Utilities 32Tot81 acres ext. non -res. 13 x 150 34 Peak Flow, gallons/day TOTAL PLAK FLOW, gal./day 1;0131115 1'709,400 36 39 40 15,444 26,756 26,112 13,494 84,994 1,853,280 382,560 3,21.0,720 2,937,602 1,518,075 9,902,237 2' 2; 112 :: 1,280.8 2 1,921,200 it 87.7 j13! 13,155 11,836,592 3 0 ri try H I • M � I M • rn t3 1 • M i -i N I O %4 1 M C a7 I II r{ N I II r -i N •�i I W A I 11 A ( I I 6 xN rA 1 P4 r-Ilu � t \ 1 a 1 � 1 t 1 I t 1 1 1 I I I I i I I I I I 1 1 i 1 � 1 1 ! %D 1 rn I ri I N i N N i E3 C I U 1 O U 1 7 •t i 1 H 1 N I U lU I N 7 (n 1 x •V" I H 7 x I N P4 G 1 H :4 I ax» 1 117 N 1 P I x W C I 6 n 1 F I H x N 1 W L 1 6 H •.i I (n (n C I 6 ✓ I I z bO z 1 A C PHW •A 1 _ x n 1 W H .-{ 1 U x A I 0 o M C1 { M M M N W ^ N M M r1 �T II if I l II I I 0 o M C1 { M M M N W ^ UI . 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Cl h N ' I N `7 411) ONo, N ON r-1 JCO ri ,7' •S �D O C I H O N N I M I` N I iF ch E3 M r (d O >+ O ^ � O U 1 r -i N ri 00 A p H I x. � N I I, � I .-i 1 a 14 O G I ri ,7' •S �D O C I H O N N I N I co N 1 rn H t rn 6 1 D 1 91 1 O U 1 O ri 1 ' � 1 H I M N I I, � I .-i 1 O 14 O G I •-1 7 I II t+ 1 it It I r. 1 II U I N � N I M � w rn u 1 ! H N I N a I 14 1 co N N 1 n i C) F1 � I Ul H I O D w I O I tl 4 7, - N I H 1 N I U w I w 6 I H a r I co w N H Q I O a W %+ I a la a l Q V) H N ' H l G G W a' H H4 y y co6 z N H A G H W o • w' lit r i W N J ul D W •'i ri ,7' •S �D O C I H O N co ro co co rn n rn o D O O M M M M I, co .-i O O O •-1 .-1 II it It II N N M � w ! N N -zr co N i O O 11 Ch tl 4 7, - co M --^- O O O N O M n ri ul O ri ri M II a II O O O U t 1O 10 N O O O O O .-i O O c0 co co It O M O O O O II U II Q II W M � O 0% 4` M O O' co ro co rn n rn o D O O M M M M I, co O O O O •-1 .-1 II it It II ri < M w ! — • 1 r/ In FYI M n I O r1 M 1 O NI HI p � C7 ri Ttl MI 00 ql I x w •n W I C I I 1 I I 1 I • 1 r. M • o+ q ! " O NI O • 001 . .-i Cal •d N M 1 00 pl 1 � I x m I a i 'b 1 N 1 r1 1 w I ri 1 � •I al � 1 rl 1 cn I v 1 i m 1 l0 1 N I N 1 6 I 1 U I U t rl 1 7 t N 1 U '1 � 1 I x 1 q I 7 1 N 1 H 1 I q 1 0) I .7 tU 1 � 3 I O� aJ I ri O/ I p I N I p 3 1 G o I N rl I �w! 0 1 zxl � I H 1 U I U w 1 PS Q 1 H a C I to P+ m i H p1 W N 1 01 1 a cc=1 a t 6 v1 I H N 1 ti vt 1 d co I O (, 1 • rz p q 1 H W O 1 J 1 • -4 W H rl ! W w >.i I v Ir4 x x: 1 ra to n 1 H G I a •ri 1 ..• m .-i rJ I C7- ri 1 O W 1 ri cI ri N rI i 07 q I I p 6 w I x v I M I H I a m 1 6 1 44 w I r1 I r -I 1 al Ei I rl I O N 1 ;X; H M H 1 M I • N 1 '•J N ,1 H 1 • d I 1 W I u I. ,1 1 1 H I N 1 rn I 1 xl' [. 1 F G i z H 1 a v I w 3 1 N I I •'U M H G I a •ri 1 � H I C7- ri 1 3 I A I I 6 w I M I H I a d 1 N+ Ei 1 W 7 I Z l 1 kl i C7 dl I � 1 O N 1 ;X; H M H 1 r4 o O 1 • W 4+ 1 '•J W P• 1 • V 6 1 r{ + -t. M o a O N N 00 r -i H q co Y T G� q � v a u W Yi rt ••f f. V Oi N 0 z 7 7177� 7_7 4, _j, AIL Z i J,- -z4, � I I �� _� 'Ili - -,v v-- n7i iL-J, 1�v, j fl n W - V. A I IV - .7 --7 A rj ;.7, �,4 IIIf71;; - - - - - - — -. ........... I. .................. _Z (L ............... ........... I . . . I I .... ... .......... :.:.� _-4 . .......... —14 ? Lfrf 04 WL �7 E7- 4 1A 1 7 =% L WATERSHEDS LT j FLOOD STUDY, AREA WATERSHED BOUNDARY ............ .. ..................... ................. . INUNDATION AREAS STEVENS CREEK 100 YEAR NATURAL.F LOOD PLAIN r SOURCE: SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT r 14 77 L chy of STUDY GENERAL PLAN upenino c ]L deputmen t 81,003 22 JANUARY _-28, 1975. f tRev� Gase Map Combined from VS�Gs Contour, Map and a -Map By The City, of Cupertino Depar sed Ij 71 Of P;wblic, Wotks A t L Hill Area General Plan SCENIC RESOURCES PARKS 1' • A1./tm 81,003.22 April. 1.8, 1975 111.11 Arca General. Plan SCENIC RFSOUP,CES; PARKS •--•------•-------------------------• --------------------------------- For existing and proposed parks, see inventory under "Land Use". The text for this chapter is being prepared, and cer.ta:i.n exhibits made r.eproduci.ble. Up-to-date information on the status of parks proposed by the Mid -Peninsula Park District will be included. • Hill Area General Plan IIISTORICAL RLSOURCES TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975' Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES HISTORICAL INVENTORY OF CUPERTINO'S BILL AREA Up until this time, Cupertino has not had a comprehensive list of historical points of interest, places or sites, compiled for the. City. Following is a list of sites within the area covered by the Hill Area General flan that are registered on the National and State lists as well as sites that have been part of the Santa Clara County inventory. There is also a list of potentially significant historical sites in the hill area of Cuper.tino's sphere of influence. As yet, none of the latter have been certified or added to the County list. It is suggested that thcse.sites be considered as part of the Statewide inventory and be submitted to the Historical Heritage Commission for approval. List of Site/Structur.ea of Historical. Interest in the Hill Area of Cupertino: State of California Historical Landmarks: Arroyo de San Joseph de Cupertino - 17./14/64 .Original name of Stevens Creek. The arroyo extends from the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz 'Mountains north to .San Francisco Bay. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza stopped at the creek March 25, 1776. He had been commissioned by the Spanish authorities to establish a point to be knows: as Mission Dolores, San Francisco and determine the geography between what is now San Diego and Sonoma. The expedition was intended to establish a land route north to colonize northern California and thus thwArt off Russian encroach- ment. State of California Points of Historical Interest: Fremont Older Ranch Built and owned by Fremont Older in 1914. He was the crusading, colorful editor of the San Francisco Examiner. He commuted to the City from the ,Ranch from a special. railroad stop. A small study of his is made out of original adobe taken from a house in San Jose. The Mid Peninsula Regional Park has an option to buy. the Ranch. Inventory of Historical Landmarks and Sites in Santa Clara County: Montebello School - 11/74 A one -room schoolhouse founded by a neighborhood group, including the Picchetti's, still functions with one teacher and 14 pupils from kindergarten through fourth grade. Built in 1892. Chateau Ricardo Winery Built 1885. Site only, no structure. TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 - Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------ List of Potentially Significant Historical Sites: Picchetti Winery Family arrived in 1872 and worked at the Villa Maria Vine- yard. The charming house was built in 1880 and the winery was.added sometime afterward, around 1896. Ridge Vineyard - Peroni Family Originally 1,500 acres of productive grapes.. Still pro- ductive commercial vineyard. The house was built in 1915. liaryknoll- School - Catholic Church Property Significant architecture and landmark. PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF.HISTORICAL RESOURCES The recognition of historical resources can take two forms. There is a certification procedure whi-ch.involves the Federal. and State governments' recognition of hi-storical.sites and the inventory or survey at both the State and local levels to aid in -identification ,_• of all historical resources. After a resource has been identified, proceedings can begin for registration. The following is a summary of the three registration programs: A. Registration 1. National Register of Historic Places. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 established a funding program which would enable the National Park Service to maintain a register of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that met the specified criteria. Those sites listed on the register would be eligible for 50% matching grant--in- aid funds for acquisition and development of projects. The criteria used for selecting sites for the National Register are twofold: a. Sites are chosen because they have retained their integrity in terms of the fabric and setting which closely resembles the original structure. Some tangible remains must be left that are. indicative of the original historic site. The more intact the site is the more chance it has of making the register. r' b. A site is selected because it Is associated with persons or events that were significant in the area; or it has potential. for new TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan HIS RESOURCES (cont'd.) ---------------------------------------- information as in archaeologic sites; or because it is representative of the type of design or the period of construction which is appropriate to the time of construction. A structure built by a master builder would also qualify for the National Register. 2. State Historical Landmarks. The most important certification program in the State is the Landmarks Program. It is monitored by the California Historical Landmarks Advisory Committee which functions as a screening body for the Director of Parks and Recrea- tion Department. Each landmark registered is eligible for a landmark plaque. ThcFc are approximately 860 California historical landmarks. The criteria for registration under this program is as follows: a. Whether or not the site has overall significance to the history of the State. b. Whether the site is the first, last, only, most significant or most representative of its type in the region. This applies to the structure or site which is deemed to be si.gnif:icant as submitted by -a private or governmental agency. The original 769 registered landmarks in the State were registered without the above criteria. Since that time, the criteria has been established and is used in the screening process. 3. The State Point of. Historical Interest. This program was established to make it possible to. register sites of local historic interest that failed to meet the criteria for registration in California Historical Landmarks Program. In order toi.make the historical interest list, it is necessary for the County Board of:.Super.visors in the area to approve the applica- tion in order to verify that the site is significant to the history of the local area. .Being placed on any of the registers does not necessarily preserve the: historical site. Official action by the local jurisdiction on acqui.si.tion of the property is necessary in order to preserve the historical resource. • B. Inventory �. There are many jurisdictions both public and private involved in inventories and surveys of: historical • I;• TK/tm 81,044 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont`d.) resources, particularly in Santa Clara County. The State is conducting a Statewide survey to identify resources of historical, archaeological and architectural significance. The State is interested i.n:listing all resources that are significant to the history of the area, community or State, with no regard to the time of con- .struction or the age of the structure. The concern is that a comprehensive list be made to help in a land use plan for the State and to have a well to draw from for future certification. Such an inventory will be bene- ' ficial. on the local level to aid in the evaluation of developments. The County is conducting an inventory in conjunction with the Statewide inventory. ,It is being handled by the Historical Heritage Commission which was established by the Board of Supervisors in March of 1973. A pre- liminary inventory of historical landmarks in Santa Clara County was done in 1962. Since that time:, a number of additional sites have been added; however, there is no new comprehensive list of historical sites. The Junior League of San Jose has.conducted an inventory themselves of .cultural:, recreational and historical sites in Santa Clara Valley. Theirs is strictly an inventory recognizing both certified landmarks and other points of interest that have not made any of the previous inventory lists. This list is being expanded and will be available to the public in the near future. There are additionally a whole slew of historical societies in the County. Cupertino has its own his- torical society but they have not compiled a comprehen- sive list of historical sites in the City: Most of their efforts have been directed towards preserving historical sites that exist, namely the Trianon and the E. J. Parrish House. They have also contributed to the folklore of the area by publishing items in the news- paper and by means of newsletters on historical bits of information relating to the City, Pu�Op�ortuniti.es The funding opportunities related to historical preservation are rather limited if almost non-existent. The only registration program which has funds attached to it is the National Register of Historic Places. In this program, there is a 50% matching grant made available for preservation of and acquisition of sites listed on the National Register. The Director of the California State Department: of Parks and Recreation" as been designated -4- TK/tm April 81,044 15, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan HISTORICAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ----------------------------------------------------------- as the State Ii:istori.c Preservation Officer to the National Park Service and is assigned the responsibility of dispersing the funds under. the Act and maintaining the California history Plan. The funds are distributed to the local projects after. State survey and planning needs have been met. The distribution is as follows: 50% of the State's allocation will be retained by the State Depart- ment of. Parks and Recreation for historic preservation projects and 50% of the allotted funds will go to local projects. Up until this year, the amount of funds available to the State were very limited. This year the grant has been increased and applications have already been made and accepted for the use of the National funds. It is suggested that if Cupertino is interested in obtaining funds through this program that an application be made at the appro- priate time for next year. As it stands now, the only structure in the City that qualifies is Le Petit Trianon since it is the only one listed on the National historic Register. Only those sites on the list are eligible for this particular grant program. The State Bond Act of 1974 has.made $90,000,000 worth of grants available to counties and other agencies for the acquisition and development of needed outdoor recreation and historical areas. The City received $47,432 from the Pond Act which has been spent on lights for the tennis court and ball field at Memorial Park. • Part of the .County's port.Lan of the. Dond Act funds, approximately $154,OOQ, has been allocated for restoring eight historic sites in the County. None of the Cupertino sites are on the primary list; however, a secondary list is being compiled which includes the Parrish house and the Oakdell. Ranch Tank House. These two projects may possibly receive funds in the event that one of the eight primary projects withdraws, otherwise there is no more money available through the State Bond Program for historic preservation. As part of the Housing and Community Development Act, the City has allocated $20,000 to historic preservation to be distributed over the second and third year of expenditure. As yet, no program has been established for the distribution of the funds. _ Aside from the programs mentioned, there are no other public funding sources for historical preservation. There are numerous private foundations which could possibly donate money for his- torical preservation; however, it would be necessary for the City or a private group to make applications to these foundations. —5— ai - 12 P hr� k 44M v L4 x-4- V� q , Lg- g�� A W� it 1�=J_ A MF�, ?z 7�7, 1 - jr - c; A g 7 N.- �5_ n-'%'�tRW ."E_ an Ile E� ZIA _j EL J.: j IR A IF A- t 3 t T( L A, 00 A F /7 7 7,j - 'A e7. t. y Its j -e 00 _7 N La IN P, , 1-1 .1 f!74 ill�_ id nr W,�� 62 -�k Mal F.7 9 Qi T7r 5V -7 IM iftir-W l -T U =mt �-4�1 - �,Z, 5R0, n- -2' *4 -W, -A I 4j" :f 3V� V-61- < -SURVEY-OF HISTORICAL SITES IN-CUPERTINO qj ESTABLISHED, POTENTIAL POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST' - PQJNTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST �A` LE PETIT TRIANON P :CHETTI WINERY B ARROYO DE SAN JOSEPH _. DE CUPERTINO 2 RID '(1-NEYARD G "ENCAMPMENT 93 -(Arroyo do Son Joseph de Cuperti a) 3 BARN a WATER TOWER D DE ORO CLUB -4 CHARLIE BAER BLACK I,"-- n't) SMITH SHOP E E.J. PARRISH HOUSE 5 -OLD H I OUSE IN MONTA'VISTA IT BEAULIEU WINERY .6 m,RY KNOLL SCHOOL . j MONTE ELLO SCHOOL 7 �LtSHA STEPHENS. HOMESTEAD H :CHATEAU RICARDO WINERY 8 J.T. DOYLE' 140ME AND WINERY; Mix- erty) TANK HOUSE (Nathan Hall Prop DENNING HOU SE J GLEN K FREMONT OLDEN -RANCH w At ran 2 8 MAR 1"-2000' TK/mc 75 81,044.2- PLAN - STUDY GENERAL Pill Area General Plan AIR QUALITY 81.,003.22 August 1.9, 1975 Hill Area General Plan AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Atmospheric Setti and Climatological Factors The atmospheric circulation and wind patterns determined by the maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean, play a key role in air pollution levels since they determine both the rate of generation and subsequent dispersion or accumulation and concentration of man-made pollutants. October to March are higher potential pollution months for carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The concentration of these species is greatest when the dispersive power of the atmosphere is minimum. This condition occurs in the winter months when mean wind speeds are low and vertical mixing is hampered by the occurence of temperature inversions near the surface of the earth. Emissions released at ground level are effectively trapped there leading to peak concentrations of carbon monoxide around 8 a.m. and between 6 and 10 p.m., times when traffic movements are heaviest and the atmosphere has reduced dispersion capability. In the sununer months, photochemical oxidant and ozone are formed as a result of reactions between reactive hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sunlight. This latter reaction requires time to "cook" in the intense summer sunlight, and the oxidant levels reach maxima well clown wind from the sources of the original. reacting species. Oxidant levels then are a function of sources well up wind from the site and are generally not produced on site from emissions released released on site. Local emissions of photochemical reactants • o;i.11 pl;:y a role :in oxidant levels down wind of the point of: release. Higher altitude inversions do allow better. dispersion of carbon monoxide during the .summer months. At the same time the intense summer sunlight converts nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons released by 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. traffic flows, to produce oxidant maxima about mid-day or in the early afternoon. The [dill Area lies on the easterly foothills of. the Santa Cruz Mountain Range and :is also at the westerly approach to the Santa Clara Valley. The pre- dominant weather patterns during the summer portion of the year (May through October) involve northwesterly flows of marine air traveling down the valley from San Francisco and the North Bay Area regions (Reference AQ -1). In the late morning, the winds stream from the northwest at several miles per hour increasing in speed by late afternoon to 1.5 to 20 miles per hour. The f.lows ' then decrease in speed to late night light variable winds which in the early morning hours become flows from the southeast at a few miles per hour. With the arrival of the land -warming morning sun, air flows begin to move from the northwesterly direction once again. Repetition of: these summer patterns is very pronounced. During the winter months, November to March, the weather patterns are functions of storm front movements which lead to winds from the southeast as storms approach,and winds from the northwest direction as the storms pass through the region. Predominant winter winds then are equally likely in both directions as compared to the predictable summer daytime winds from the northwest. -1- 81,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill Area General Plan AIR -QUALITY -by -D, -J. MYRONUK 4"S The Hill Area,,a composite of several ridges and canyons rises from an eleva- tion of about 400 feet in the valley area to a maximum elevation of 2,657 feet on Montebello Ridge. With one exception, the Hill Area is essentially source free of measurable man-made emissions. The exception involves the rock quarrying operations and the cement production plant on Permanente Ridge. The next.closest source of pollutants is the Junipero Serra Freeway north of the Hill Area. In 1973 the cement and gypsum plant is listed as emitting about 20 tons per day of nitrogen oxides and about 0.6 tons per day of particulate. It is not possible to ascertain whether the company is locally violating any air quality standards without an elaborate emissions survey over extended periods of time. There is no question as to the nuisances resulting from dusts blown toward and deposited upon the residents of adjacent areas, that arise from quarry operations, wind erosion of exposed cuts in the quarry regions, or from electrostatic precipitators that are being cleaned. Again electrostatic precipitators can be in excess of 99.5% in collection efficiency yet the small fraction of particulate that does escape is so minute in particle size that the material is readily transported by the wind over great distances adding to the particulate burden increased coefficient of haze and reduced visibility in the valley. The use of the Ringelmann Chart to determine compliance with the Day Area "• Pollution Control. District Standards is marginal at best due to difficult terrain, erratic wind patterns, varying humidity levels, plume background colors other than white and variations in perception of color by the human eye. The effect of the local sources on the Hill Area air quality appears to be negligible. Carbon Monoxide levels were monitored at various locations within the Hill Area during morning peak hour traffic conditions. No increase above a valley background level of one part per million could be detected. It is unlikely that any Federal or State standards for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons or particulates are exceeded or appreciably accumulated on site except for highly localized short duration episodes when particulate borne by the wind is deposited on the ground. At the same time, the attached Figure AQ -1, shows the area is not impervious to high oxidant levels measured in the South Day Regions (References AQ -2, AQ -3). The oxidant excesses of 1969, 1970 and 197.1 are even more frequent in recent years. In 1974, the oxidant standard of 8 parts per hundred million for one hour was exceeded on 46 days at the DAAPCD Sunnyvale station, on 60 days at the Los Gatos station and on 87 days at the San Jose station. The oxidant levels in the Hill Area are probably within 30% of the Sunnyvale. values. -2- Figure AQ -1 e.c.r•pa 1. m.a. ta,u.+ or w,. r.. r..r nvn .lo >[� vlv. {.v Wleua Iblllo.n [. [uu . r c•.:[ar aunN.al. SaY N/.11 .,Crv.nO•.D f Ln AN ' • Sitr= . 3\ Ul) py... 0al.ua Ie.lueenl. . • ?..uar [a.rt.nll. H..0 w aWCYlwa.. M.M[ NI .^• u. Nlt.uw cra.a sl.0 lu. Ull. 81.,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill Area General Plan r • AIR QUALI.TY by D.J. MYRONUK .... --------------------------- Hence the oxidant standard is probably being violated on site during several days of the year. These excesses, resulting from early morning release of nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons well upwind of the Hill Area, will continue to be a significant problem in the entire South Bay Area. If emissions are ever to be decreased, a major effort must be made to simply reduce the overall daily vehicle miles driven in the entire Bay Area. ct of the Pronosed Alternatives Using data on dwelling units per acre, the average emissions per D.U.; the estimated traffic volumes and the emission profile for the vehicle population based on a 1985 projection, the following table of emissions attributable to the alternatives contained in ,the Hill Area Study. Sulfuric acid mist emissions are based on an assumption that sulfur levels in gasoline will remain essentially unchanged from the current value of 0.033% by weight; and by the 1995 project completion date a majority of vehicles will be equipped with oxidizing catalytic mufflers. The lower expected future values for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are a direct result of using such catalytic mufflers hence the adverse result of sulfation (the further oxidation of sulfur oxides and combination with water to produce acid) is included in the calculations. i�• The extimates represent peak hour values in ug/m3*,unless noted otherwise. Applicable standards are given as concentrations for a specific time period; the tabulated values are in the same units as shown for the reference standard. L (Local) and R (Regional)impacts are defined in footnotes to the table AQ -2. A complete list of air quality standards is shown on Table AQ -1. Computation techniques are given in References AQ -4 to AQ -8 inclusive. In all cases the valley background or existing local. levels of pollutants would be added to the estimates. This also applies to roadside emissions of table AQ -3. The current carbon monoxide background is of the order of 1200 to 2400 ug/m3. *ug/m3 = a concentration of pollutants in micrograms per cubic meter.'. -3- W "L N O r O (_ C E N c I I 1 G E I N o c Aq N N 1 N d N H LL C C O �D N LL M v v e VI U 9 LL i E I m I o v 1 I o A I N 1 O M O O O O O N N O C 9 H r C E oz Eo n I 1 ._ c C u 2 u O Q Q 7 C M C � a Z X O u y U = 4 O� v r d V h N W "L ICA 0 J 81,003.22 August 19, 1975 Bill Area General Plan AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE AQ -2 Alternative Plans Contaminant Very Low Density 1, 1. R(2) County L R City L R County/City L R Maximum L R Carbon Monoxide 16 0.9 94 4.8 128 6.6 158 8.1 242 12.4 40,000 ug/m3; 1 hour Hydrocarbons (Reactive) 1.1 0.06 7 0.4 10 0.6 12 0.7 18 1.0 160 ug/m3; 3 hour Nitrogen Oxides 4 0.2 16 0.9 34 1.8 41 2.2 63 3.5 500 ug/m3; 1 hour Sulfur Owies 0.3 0.012 2 0.1 2.8 0.14 3.3 0.16 4.3 0.2 1,306 ug/m�; 1 hour Particulate 0.4 0.03 2.3 0.15 3.1 0.2 3.8 0.24 6 0.4 100 ug/m3; 24 hour Sulfuric Acid rust 0.08 0.004 0.5 0.025 0.7 0.033 0.8 0.04 1.3 0.07 (no standard) (1) Regional Impact is defined as the concentration produced ten kilometers down- wind of the project center with conditions consisting of a 2 meter per second wind a 300 meter mixing height and total project emissions treated as emanating from a ground level point source at the project center. A one hour averaging time is assumed. (2) Local Impact is defined as an annual average concentration for an area of one square kilometer using an annual. averaged wind speed and simple gaussian dispersion models. Table AQ -3 contains roadside values of carbon monoxide concentrations for peak hour traffic volumes and lane service levels as given by the Traffic Engineer's report. These values are used as an indication of. potential "hot spots" where due to traffic congestion at intersections, emissions can build up until standards are violated. The values shown represent an average mixing cell concentration for a one hour averaging time at the specified locations, A through N. A cross- wind speed of 1 to 2 meters per second with slight atmospheric turbulence is assumed. For receptors located about one hundred feet away and downwind from the roadside, the concentrations are reduced to about 40% of the values shown. 81,003.2.2 August 1.9, 1975 Hill Area General Plan res AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK ---------------------------------------- For a very stable atmosphere and light variable winds with a low level inversion, which occurs about 7% of the mornings during the winter months, the levels can build up due to accumulation and poor atmospheric dispersion capability. In this case, levels can increase from two to five times or more (for example in natural or man-made roadway canyons that have a tendency to fill up with pollutants and on a very localized basis, exceed standards) the value shown. Violations of the standard of 40,000 ug/m3 for I hour, for CO will occur at heavily traveled intersections. As well under 'such adverse metcrological conditions combined with traffic congestion, standards for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides will be violated as well. TABLE AQ -3 ROADSIDE CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE (Standard 40,000 ug/m3; for 1 hour) Receptor Location (Defined in Traffic Section) No Growth Very Low Density Alternatives County City County/ City Maximum 16,933 3,216 2,414 3,292 4,288 4,114 J 3,076 1,446 2,469 2,469 3,216 2,414 A 481 744 744 744 964 2,143 B 481 481. 744 744 744 744 E 744 1,206 1.,206 1,206 1,206 1,646 G 2,047 744 744 744 744 744 H 372 372 481 603 1,646 1,537 N 1 1,206 1,11.6 1,1.1.6 1,446 1,446 2,469 M 744 800 1,646 2,143 1,116 1,116 K 8,462 744 1,206 1,206 1,646 1,116 F 4,235 744 744 744 744 744 D 481 1,072 744 744 744 744 C 372 372 481 372 481 823 I 372 372 744 744 744 744 This tabulation uses the service levels and half levels provided by the Traffic Engineer. As service level decreases, for a specified number of vehicles moving at an average speed of 10 mph over a one kilometer portion of roadway, there is an increasing amount of idle time, and idle -mode emissions, attributable to the particular traffic volume. Potential hot spots indicated by the higher CO levels of Table AQ -3 are in general. receptor locations I. (Foothill Boulevard south of Freeway 280); and J (Foothill Boulevard north of Stevens Creek). For the Maximum alternative, locations A (Foothill Boulevard south of Stevens Creel:), and N (Stevens Creel: -5- 81,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill Area General. Plan • AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- east of Bubb Road) are potential hot spots. In the City Plan, location M (Stevens Creek west of Bubb Road) is another potential hot spot. For the No Growth alternative, locations G (Bubb Road south of McClellan Road), K (Stevens Creek east of Foothill Boulevard) and F (McClellan Road east of Bubb Road) would be first to manifest air quality problems at roadside. Focusing attention for example on location L of the County/City alternative the roadside levels of contaminants are estimated for average conditions as follows: Carbon Monoxide 4,288 ug/m3 (40,000 ug/m3; 1 hour) Hydrocarbons (Reactive) 144 ug/m3 160 ug/m3; 3 hours (6-9am) Nitrogen oxides 150 ug/m3 500 ug/m3; 1 hour Sulfur oxides 49 ug/m3 1,306 ug/m3; 1 hour Particulate 23 ug/m3 100 ug/m3; 24 hours Sulfuric acid mist 13 ug/m3 As may be seen from this latter tabulation no standards are violated. However, with adverse conditions a doubling or move of the estimated concentrations, could approach and surpass HC and NO standards. For location L, No Growth alternative, all emission standards would be violated at adjacent roadway receptors due to total. congestion conditions. On the other hand where carbon monoxide levels are of the order of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter at road- side, except for occasions of adverse meteorological weather conditions combined with some influence that has resulted in a severe congestion (vehicle accident or road lane blockage), the standards will probably not be exceeded. Of particular note are the potential sulfuric acid emissions. The sulfate threshold level for persons with lung impairment or heart ailments is about 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hence health effects of this pollutant will be adverse for certain individuals should they be driving or walking by heavy traffic flows. The reactive hydrocarbon levels are usually exceeded adjacent to any heavily traveled highway. No simplified method exists to model the transformation of the emitted nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons into secondary pollutants such as ozone and.photochemical oxidant. The levels of reactive hydrocarbon release serve as a crude indication of the potential. for photochemical activity well downwind of the re.l.ease area. The emission of: ��o 81.,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill. Area General Plan • AIR QUALITY by D. J. MYRONUK -------------------------------------------------------------------------- photochemical reactants will not affect local oxidant levels; they will play a small but real. role in concent with other project emissions, in increasing oxidant levels in the southern reaches of the Santa Clara Valley. The emission of particulate will contribute to decreased visibility in the Valley which is manifested by a gradually increasing coefficient, of haze (when the relative humidity is less than 70%). Mitiaation Measures Traffic flow patterns, into, on and out of the Hill Area and surrounding regions must be carefully planned and subsequently monitored to prevent any undue interference with existing and developing traffic flows. Bottlenecks or traffic stackups must be avoided or minimized wherever possible. Vehicles having to decelerate, wait at idle, then accelerate again, will emit more than three times the quantity of pollutants than the same vehicle traveling reasonably unhampered through the same intersection. With decreasing levels of service for particular locations potential pollu- tion "hot spots" will. form. Restricting turn lanes in such regions to other intersections before or after the hot spot can reduce peak levels by simply spreading out the pollution. Sulfation problems, which could potentially become quite serious, might be curtailed by Federal and State action to: (i) de -sulfur gasoline (ii) develop a sulfate trap for cars (iii) develop a realistic sulfate emission standard (one is being readied for implementation in 1979) All three items remain unanswered at this time. The location of buildings well back from and preferably upwind of major roads is desirable from an air quality viewpoint. A judicious choice of easily accessed parking regions might be used to buffer cluster buildings from access streets. Bus stops and car pooling centers located near area population centers will encourage use of non -private vehicles. I In conclusion, an initial statement is reiterated: if emissions are ever to be decreased even slightly, a major effort must be made to simply reduce the overall daily vehicle miles driven in the Bay Area. Nis 81.,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill. Area General Plan lr�AIR QUALITY by 1). J. MYRONUK j--------------------------------------------------------------- REFERENC17S AQ -1 - B.A.A.P.C.D. Information Bulletin, June 15, 1970. "A Study of Air Flow Patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area". C.L. Smalley. AQ -2 - B.A.A.P.C.D. Summaries of Air Pollution in the Bay Area, 1973/1974. AQ -3' - Air Pollution in the San Francisco Bay Area. 9th Edition. January 1.975. AQ -4 - Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors. EPA/OAP Publica- tion. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. AQ -5 - A Mathematical Model for Relating Air Quality Measurements to Air Quality Standards. EPA Publication, AP -89. R.I. Larsen. AQ -6 - Thuillier, R. H. "Air Quality Statistics in Land Use Planning Applications". 3rd Conference on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Science. Colorado. June, 1.973. AQ -7 - A Study of: Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles in Six Cities. . ' EPA Publication. APTD-1497. AQ -8 - Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. U.S. Public Health Publication. 999 -AP -26. Turner, D. B. -8- I Q6 Hill Area General Plan 10. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES I V ` I 81,003.22 August 19, 1.975 Hill Area General Plan Agricultural Uses ---------------------- In a report prepared for the PPC Urban Development/Open Space Subcommittee entitled "Agriculture: A Look at its Future", Mr. Peter Lert stated that the "climate of Santa Clara County is favorable for a variety of fruit and vegetable crops, premium wine grapes, cut flowers and nursery stock. However, all of these crops can be grown as well or better in other competing areas of the State and in the case of fruit crops these other areas generally attain higher yields per acre and more favorable times or conditions of maturity." 1 Mr. Lert's statement underscores the irony of the agricultural land use situation in.Santa Clara County. The County is blessed•with a favorable growing climate and some of the most productive Class I and Class 2 soils in the State, however, due to economic conditions, agriculture has suffered a severe decline and will most probably result in complete displacement by urban uses particularly in the areas of. the County. In 1945 there were approximately 117,000 acres of land in production_ in fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables. In 1973 the total acreage was approximately 40,000 acres. The largest decline in acreage was made through the years 1960 through 1971. Although the total acreage of agricultural production has decreased, total income has increased from 65.2 million dollars in 1945 to 92.7 million dollars in 1973. The change in value is • reflected by the inflationary rate plus the change in emphasis from low dollar yield agricultural products such as fruits, nuts and berries to'high dollar yield nursery stock and cut flower operations.2' The attached map labeled "Agricultural Uses" describes the extent of Class 1 and 2 soils within the City's sphere of influence, delineates land presently utilized for agricultural use, delineates green house operations and delineates lands under williamson Act contract. As evidenced by the map, the Hillside Study Area boundary line generally approximates the extent of Class 1 and 2 soils which indicates that land. areas within the Hillside Study Area are not ideally suited for agricultural production. As of this date (July 1975) there are approximately 330 acres of prime agricultural land within the City's corporate limits. There are a total of 490 acres of prime agricultural land within the City's sphere of influence. Approximately 30 acres of the 490 total acres of prime land are in the Hillside General Plan Boundary. The 70+ Mariani parcel represents the largest parcel of prime land. The remaining acreage is in small. ownerships. As indicated in the opening quotation and as elaborated by Mr. Lert during public testimony given to the Commission on February 20, 1975, agricultural uses are generally not economically viable within the Cupertino area of Santa Clara Valley.. The agricultural uses in Santa Clara Vounty cannot compete with other favorable areas because of higher costs, primarily in terms of labor, 1. Ler.t, Peter J. "Agriculture - A look at its Future'.' P. 3 2. Santa Clara County Info Series No. 526, May, 1974. -1- 81,003.22 August 19, 1975 Hill Area General Plan Agricultural. Uses • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- water and the production efficiency of crops grown'. Mr. Lert stated that even if the County Tax Assessor could somehow cease taxation of agricultural land, the farmers in Santa Clara Valley could still not compete with farm proaucers in more favorable agricultural areas of the State. The most successful agricultural use within the Cupertino area is floriculture yet this industry is suffering declines because of foreign competition primarily from Latin American countries. Again the higher labor costs and production costs make the agricultural use, in this case floriculture, non-competitive. liamson Act The Williamson Act or the California Land Conservation Act of 1965 was enacted to preserve prime agricultural land by allowing the tax assessor to develop a preferential. tax treatment program. The program allows the assessor to assess land based on its farm income rather than the highest and best market use pro- vided that the owner signs a contract with the City or County agency which prohibits urban development for a 10 -year perior that is renewed automatically every year.' The Williamson Act has been criticized by conservationists because of its voluntary nature. In general Williamson Act contracts have not involved prime agricultural land in close proximity to urban centers but rather marginally usable agricultural land located beyond the urban fringe. Owners of prime land within close proximities to urban centers have elected to keep their lands in . an unincumbered status so as to retain the flexibility of selling their land for urban development at relatively high prices. Although the Williamson Act does have some pitfalls, the Act can be used and is being used to preserve land with open space values for quasi -public agricultural uses such as boarding stables and for less intensive agricultural uses such as grazing and Christmas tree farming. • Each of the five General Plan alternatives will have a derogatory effect relative to the retention of the 30+ acres of prime agricultural land within the hillside boundary. The low density alternative which proposes 5 -acre minimum lot sizes within the relatively flat Seven Springs Ranch will have a lesser impact on the reduction of the agricultural. land resource, however, the division of the property into 5 -acre lots would discourage commercial farm operations because of the lack of economy of scale. However, the low density plan will offer an opportunity for a home owner to utilize the land for home or "gentlemen" farming activities. 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' [• - - -->C'��' � - / ' .-r.. �'. "-•'. : ,00 � 4. r ':-t�.: •, is -'r,. -`� - .� s. a \ :r � '"`� � -= �� \ i�� . q:.` "i -_ \, \ :r: /_ r :e%� f r."v E� saa;•adti a6.iK.aet:66�--.. A _\1 L-_ ��\ :�:r,� ^,I; >/ �/ ; r �� ,. f _. ✓•: /; - ��' . •,� � �Zb ;�� \ _. M�,;,'2�o�\ ;'�_ -1 aro,` 3-' - ' 9.eF� £_ , K��"� „_ __� ,v�� ' - � _� '� (,,:°�� -L}� :�,� `�'_ _ y itit _ -�-_ � e '?ti- a -• AGRICULTURAL USES - r - .! `� / ;, r,' � �;; j � , �. , \� ,,r, ;.�-. ,, — - \�'— _ •' x : GREENHOUSE � �' l �: , : _ _ rs'i, r _`•oo=� � ��9'��.� ,r iii' _ �� -' � : - - - _ � - ffi • <_ \< ✓`' ``; ;Y t.. = ,: , ,/,moi ". n, \( 'r; � \� � �\'�]�\. `: � _ti _ �\� - y ,�_ - / �j-� - _ - r' si r oleo° a@ � �-. .. �: i- / ✓'.`' �.'.- .rte o'4v ,, : �;, 1 _ �-,' .. . v �� ,,. `= ,_-' v = ^t. � � e°o". , __''_.� J+ '.1 �l - .; . ,� ,\ \, _ , : ,, _ '=- -' .,\'\( � � < -, �__ �� - �•. ". <� .� , - ;,.:�� r -v: '"- % - - %' > _ y , f � - I .,-✓ - '� ,, =` =1�a - - 1 - - - � LANDS WILLIAMSONACT CONTRACT LJ .a. _ s PRESENT AGRICULTURAL USE ° /oo,;,; - _ r z / y..,: r;j < -, eoo _ • GENERALIZED EXTENT OF CLASS I or 2 SOILS 1111111111111 HILLSIDE Y BOUNDARY \ HI DE _STUD < -• tire, � � I - _ ; , �, �\ 1-. -, '_\ -�. --�' • �' . ` - � ♦ r - 1 _URBAN SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY I"=2000' . _ e - _...�� 1 -=/_i(1( �� ie1 t , 9 ,V� r ��' _ 4 L/1111 �� rte: !<-�-�'t--> tk• MC August 14 1975 - 81,003.22 GENERAL PLAN STUDY Hill. Area General Plan 11. MINERAL RESOURCES ,e 1�_. AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan MINERAL RESOURCES . ------------------------------------------------------------- The hill area within Cupertino's sphere of influence contains a major deposit of limestone, quarried for manufacturing of cement:. There is also a large quarry producing crushed rock. Gravel and sand deposits are not quarried at present. An Environmental Geologic Analysis of the Montebello Ridge Study Area was made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department. This extensive study is utilized for the Mineral Resources and Geologic Stability sections of the Hill Area General Plan. . Mineral Resources The Environmental Geological Analysis of Montebello Ridge Study Area states: "Much of the study area is underlain by rocks that are potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much' of the potential resources use lies outside the 'study area, the determination of the ultimate resource value was not made for this limited study. I'f residential development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these potential mineral resources will be covered by homes cai-thouL regard to the concomitant loss of mineral resources. Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value of available specific mineral. resources. This study would of necessity have to be integrated with County and local policies on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions then could include these resource value data in balancing values gained against values lost for any particular development. Environmental impact studies also would have need for these data. The desirability and feasi- bility of extracting these materials for export from the area might also be considered. The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted jointly by,the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data in this regard." It seems that until more exact figures for the value of the mineral. resources is available, known substantial resources should be pro- tected by inclusion in a non-residential Mineral Resources Area in the General Plan. -1- AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan r' MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------- Limestone The Geological Analysis states: "Limestone -- Deposits of limestone and interbedded chert exist as minor but significant units within the Franciscan rocks. These.limestone-chert units have been used in the past for cement manufacture, crushed rock and sugar re- fining. ':aiser Cement and Gypsum Corporation is mining one of these deposits in the Permanente Creek drainage. Products include limestone for cement manufacture, and limestone -chert for crushed rock material. Until 1951, high-grade limestone also was produced for the sugar re- fining industry. Although this deposit was worked as early as 1900 (for beet sugar refining material.), the current large-scale open pit operation was begun in 1939 by Permanente Cement Company (now Kaiser Cement ar.d Gypst•m Corp.) to supply more than 6.5 million barrels of cement for construction of Shasta Dam (hart, in press). The Permanente Creek deposit is the largest known lime- stone deposit within the Franciscan rocks in the Coast Ranges (Walker, 1950). 'Its present surface exposure covers a generally triangular area, the sides of which measure approximately 3000' x 3500' x 4000'. Most of the deposit is situated on the north side of Permanente Creek, where the large open pit is being developed. The maximum vertical dimension of the deposit is difficult to estimate, because it is deformed by a complex series of faults and folds. At: present, approximately 600 vertical feet of the deposit are exposed in the open pit. Exploratory drill holes indicate that part of the deposit extends further downward (Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp., oral communication)." Crushed Rock The Geological Analysis states: "Crushed Rock -- Material sold as crushed rock is used for a variety of purposes including (in order of decreasing quality of material) concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate, road base, and fill. High quality material must be hard, resistant to abrasion, and non-reactive when suspended in a cement or asphalt medium. In the study area, the highest quality crushed rock is the limestone -chert material produced . as a by-product of the Kaiser Cement and Gypsum Corp. opera- tion at Pcrmanente.Creek, and used for aggregate and road f; r base. -2- AL/tm 81,003..22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ------------- ----------------------------------------------- The Neary Quarry adjacent to Los Altos Hills, and the Stevens Creek Quarry northwest of Stevens Creek Reservoir now produce crushed rock material for road base and fill. Both the Neary and Stevens Creek Quarries are located in volcanic rock units of the Franciscan rocks." The potential for quarrying of crushed rock exists in many loca- tions of the study area. It seems that a proposed Mineral Resources Area (which includes all operational quarries in the. study area) should cover a sufficiently large area to provide this raw material. Sand and Gr.aael --------------- The Geological Analysis states: "Sand and Gravel -- In commercial terms, 'sand and gravel' refers to those naturally fragmental materials whose rock and mineral fragments are commonly rounded and range in diameter from 0.003 inches to 3 1/2 inches. Those materials are used for much the same construction purposes as crushed rock. No production of this commodity occurs currently in the study area, except for intermittent operation of the former 'Voss Quarry' at the northwest edge of Stevens Creel: Reser- voir. This quarry and two abandoned quarries downstream formerly produced sand and gravel from the Stevens Creek member of the Santa Clara Formation. These materials were crushed and used for road base, cement -treated road base, and fill (Goldman, 1964)." Note . Abandoned quarries may be used for several recreational purposes, such as an open-air summer theater, a drive-in theater, an thletic stadium a rifle range; the latter use is common and a, exists within the study area. It is difficult to determine whether abandoned sand gravel pits should be considered permanently abandoned and, consequently, designed as a recreational area. It seems best to designate the area as a Mineral Resources Area with recreational uses permitted.. I ue AL/tm 81,003. 22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan MINERAL RESOURCES (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------- The Mineral Resources Area shown on the Land Use map encompasses the known limestone deposits, the existing crushed rock quarry, and an area of gravel and sand deposits not quarried at present. The area also includes a buffer area, generally to the nearest ridge line. The'deli.neated area is somewhat smaller than the Natural Resources area in the tentatively adopted Conservation Element of Cupertino's General Plan, but larger than the area indicated by the Monrebello ridge Study; the latter does not include buffer areas. -4- _0 Hill Area General Plan 12. VECETATIO14 AND WILDLIFE AL/tm 81,003.22 April 15, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE i------------------------------------------------------------- Vegetation and wildlife have been studied on a countywide basis. Somewhat more detailed mapping of vegetation was made as a part of the Montebello Ridge Study, which encompassed all the hill area within Cuper.tino's sphere of.influence. (This map is not reproducible.) Wildlife in the study area is varied but not so abundant that hunting would be an economic factor. Agricu'ture is almost non-existent �.n this area. Discussions with the' California Department of Agriculture indicate that agricultural activities in this hill area could not compete with other areas; even the growing of Christmas trees would be more advantageous in areas with more rainfall. Grazing has no great economic importance, except as part of riding stable operations. Except for the fact that protection of vegetation is economically important because it helps .prevent landslides and silting, th main reason for conservation of wildlife, trees and plants is the belief that living in completely sterile and artificial surroundings damages mankind and society. Any development, even of parks, will lessen the area which can support wildlife and vegetation, and will diminish the number of e individualo of each species. Some species will retire entirely from the confrontation with man, others will be able to share the area, even if in fewer numbers. The low residential density and the County and Peninsula park systems will preserve most of the wildlife and vegetation. - The inventory and mapping by the County Planning Department has not disclosed any species which are unique to the area or any other specific localized habitats. Therefore, it seems that wildlife or plant reserves can be provided within the park areas. Most of the area is brushland, but there are areas with larger trees such as oaks and conifers. Repeated inquiries have failed to establish for certain whether Montebello Ridge and the lower hills close to the valley once were forested and eventually logged. It seems likely, however, that they were predominantly brush - land in historic times, and have been partly converted to grass- land by grazing. - A forestation program may be considered desirable as it would increase stability in the soil, consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and provide shade and recrea- tion areas, but may not be economically feasible. Also, it would, of course, change the character of the hills. s AL/jk 81,003.22 .. July 8, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Higher residential density results in an.increasing number of dogs and cats and, consequently, an increasing peril to wildlife. Keeping of horses on residential lots may be considered in char- acter with the hill development, and this possibility is indeed a major incentive for people buying homes in hill areas. It is assumed that this practice would.be permitted in the study area, with certain limitations on lot area and location of stables. However, grazing by horses effects changes in vegetation and wildlife. Attachments 1. List of Natural Communities, from "A Man for the Conservation' Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973) . 2. Excerpt from a Draft Environmental Report (by ENVIROS, Aug. 12, 1974) on a specific 20 -acre site.located at Voss Avenue on the fringe of the hill area. The ecology described in this report may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which strad- dles the boundary between the steeper hills and the flatter valley area. 3. ,Schematic map indicating dominant type of vegetation, adapted from a non -reproducible map compiled by the Planning Department of Santa Clara County. -2- AL/jk 81;003.22 July 3, 1975 Hill Area General Plan EXCERPT FROM SANTA CLARA COUNTY'S PLAN FOR CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES •-------------------------------------------.. - In "A Plan for the Conservation of Resources, an element of the General Plan of Santa Clara County" (November 1973), Thomas Harvey, Diane Conradson, Viola Kenk and S. Sc. Strand identify the following natural communities within Cupe.rtino's sphere of influence: FRESH WATER ASSOCIATED, permanent: - " it " intermittent: flowing: - , wet soil: - I r " GRASSLAND n CHAPARRAL n • FOOTHILL WOODLAND MIXED EVERGREEN FOREST CONIFEROUS*** FOREST SERPENTINE**** AREAS ROCKY OUTCROPS u n — s Lakes (reservoirs) Seasonal marshes Live -:treams Intermittent streams Riparian*lands in valley floor r canyons Outer coast range grassland Inner it Hard chaparral** in dry location Soft " " wet location Redwood forest The County Plan also indicates habitats of deer and of San Francisco Garter Snakes within Cupertino's sphere of influence. Rowerline clearings are indicated as major deer transit areas. * Riparian • ** Chaparral *** Coniferous **** Serpentine - located on the bank of a stream. - a thicket of stiff or thorny shrubs and small trees. - cone -bearing. plants associated with weathered serpentine rock. 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 . Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE REPORT, San Carlos It 12, Voss Avenue Project Excerpt from DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL prepared for the City of Cupertino by ENVIROS, August 12, 1974 --------------------------------------- Note The following is quoted from an Environmental Impact Report on a specific 20 -acre site located on the fringe of the hill area. The described ecology may be typical of undeveloped parts of this area, which straddles the - boundary between the steeper hills and theflattervalley area. A few references to specific locations and acreage have been omitted in this. quotation. Plant and Fauna Associations The site is an intermediate area between the flat valley floor and the peninsula hills. Not only is the site intermediate in terms of topography but alsr in terms of vegetation cover. The area in broad terms may be referred to as the ecotone between urban ecosystem of the Santa Clara Valley and the "natural" foothill woodland plant community.of the peninsula hills. Another way' of looking at the area is as a kind of buffer zone between the two different if not conflicting ecosystems. . The ground surfaces within the project area may be divided into five major divisions on the basis of vegetation.. On the lower, eastern portion of the site, grasses and introduced as well as native trees are the characteristic plants. The upper portion, the western or hillside, is covered.by woody plants brush and two distinct woodland associations. In the northwest corner is a small pond. As is the case in almost all natural systems, zones of interaction and mixing are common. These ecotones are important in con- sidering long range changes taking place in the different associations as well as the entire system. 0 Foothill Woodlands This plant community is characterized by scattered trees with an undergrowth consisting in some areas of almost exclusively herbaceous plants, grasses and low shrubs; while in other areas trees may be dense,.with scattered shrubs underneath. A number of herbaceous plants are common. i Grass The vegetation element distinguished as grass is by far the most common on the project site. The dominant species are Yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), Yellow Mustard (Brassica campestris), Filaree (Erodium spp.), Wild.oat (Avena fatua) and Ryegrass.(Lolium spp.). It is these species along with several others, represented in lesser numbers. A.list of species found in lesser quantities follows: -1- Hill Area General Plan • VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (con::'d.) --------------------------------------------------------------- Common Name Scientific Name •- Curly dock Bur clover Bull mallow Foxtail Fescue Plantain Amaranth Wild radish Morning glory Artichoke thistle Common groundsel 81,00j. 22 July 1, 1975 Rumex crispus Medicago hispida Malva nicaeensis Hordewn spp. Festuca spp: Plantago laceolata Amaranthus spp. Raphanus sativus Convolvulus spp. Cynara cardunculus Senecio vulgaris The arca of the grass element was previously used as a pasture. At an earlier time cattle were also kept in this area. Two consequences of this , earlier use are of importance in the present vegetation element: (1) the grass species are largely introduced. Such species are well. adapted to the environmental conditions of the area and as such have become well established. (2) These introduced species are well adapted to a disturbed environment. Disturbance, common at the urban fringe, has long been an important environ- mental factor in this area and is the result of use for grazing as well as development of adjacent areas for orchards. Closed Oak Woodland This vegetation element is the second most common on the site. It is the closed oak woodland which is seen from the valley floor. Dominant species are Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Valley oak (Quercus lobata), California laurel (Umbelularia calinica) and Black walnut (Juglans californica). The Coast live oak is however the most common and forms the major element in the upper canopy or overstory. The term closed oak woodland is used to distinguish this element from the oak woodland which usually has trees widely spaced with many open areas of grass covering the intermediate areas. In this closed woodland the trees are found growing close enough together as to form an almost completely closed canopy. Under this canopy a second story or layer of shrubs is common. The understory is characterized by several shrubs most common of which are Toyon (Heteromeles arbuti.folia)., Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis). The ground layer is composed of many of the same species found in the grassland element. This woodland element forms a complex mosaic. Along its eastern margin it grades into the oak woodland which is characterised by scattered oaks and grassland. -2— 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for 'Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) -------------------------------------------------------------- Plants of t`:e Closed Oak Woodland Element: rnmmnn Name Scientific Name Buckeye Aesculus californica Buckbrush Ceanothus cuneatus Red bud Cercis occidentalis Yerba Santa eriodictyon californicum Gooseberry Ribes spp. Wild rose Rosa californica The major element of disturbance in this element has in the past been, and will continue to be, fire. Like much of the foothill woodland vegetation this portion has become adapted to periodic fires, keeping the second story to a minimum. Open Oak Woodland. The open woodland, often when found covering large areas known as savanna, is a sort of half -way country between the foothill woodland and the grass- land. The dominant.species in this element are Coast live oak (Quercus • agrifoli.a) and Valley oak (Quercus lobata). Trees are generally widely spaced with open grass areas between individual treea. Trees are found individually or in small clumps. No intermediate or second story is found in this element. The overstory of oaks and ground layer of grasses con- stitute the vertical composition of this element. Under natural conditions this element was influenced by periodic fires. Such fires, like those in the foothill woodland, kept an understory of brush from developing. With the reduction in fires this element has under- gone notable change. Perhaps the most important change has.been the replace- ment of native grasses by introduced species. Cattle which were allowed to roam the hills at will are in large part responsible for the shift from the native grasses to introduced species. The native species, though adapted to fire, were not able to withstand repeated grazing. Brush. The brush element covers only a small part of the site. It is largely confined to the area around a small pond and on an abandoned dam. The dominant species which compose this element are Coyote bush (Baccharis pilulari.$), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba), Ceanothus (Ceanothus spp.) and Scrub oak (Quercus dumosa). Several thickets composed of Poison Oak (Rhus diversiloba), Coyote bush (Baccharis pilular.i.$) and Wild rose (Rosa californica) are present. 4y. The brush element is a good example of a successional stage between the grassland and the foothill woodland. Several small Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) plants have become established in the lower part of the property suggesting that the successional process has started. The development of -3- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Bill Area General Plan • VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by EN'VIROS (cont'd.) ------ brush can be seen as a result of decreased fire and grazing on the project site and'surrounding area. The brush element is well developed to the west and along with the foothill woodland element comprise the dominant hillside vegetation cover. Ponds. A small pond fed by an i-itermittent stream and located in the northwestern portion of the site is only about 0.2 acres in area. It was probably used for irrigation water and as a water supply for the cattle and horses which were allowed to graze the hillsides. The pond is not maintained and as such supports a dense growth of cattail (Typha spp.), Tule (Scirpus spp.), Spike rush (Heleochairs spp.) and Sedges (Carex spp.). The pond itself is choked with a heavy growth of algae. Because of the intermittent nature of the stream the level of the water is subject to considerable change. On the basis of past water lines it would appear that the water level may change more than six feet between high and low level.. At one time another man-made pond existed on the property. This pond • was located between the open oak woodland and the closed oak woodland. At this time the pond has no water in it and is underguiag succession from grass to brush. Several large Coyote bush (Baccharis pilularis) plants are established in the old pond. The dam has already been colonized by several brush species. It is unlikely that water remains in this pond for any length of time, since the watershed area is amall and the dam is in disrepair. Introduced Species. There are several introduced trees probably planted around a house. Those identified were English walnut (Juglans reg_ia), Fig (Fiscus spp.), Silk tree (Albizzia spp.), Pepper tree (Schi.nus spp.) and Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara). These trees are in a state of decline. Also located along the southern part of the project site are several Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). This introduced tree appears to be well adapted to the area. All are in good condition despite adverse conditions during the past two winters. Wildlife. Only a few of the total possible variety of animals to inhabit the area were observed on the two visits. Shy animals, or animals with highly specialized habitat requirements have probably already disappeared. • Grazing has caused further disruption. Yet a third disruptive element is the Permanente cement plant. These three factors have resulted in -4- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION AND 14ILDLIFE (cont'd.) . Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- considerable disturbance both on the project site and in the adjacent area. A list of animals one might find on the project site follows: • I• Amphibians Slender salamander Western spadefoot toad Pacific treefrog Bullfrog Western toad Reptiles Fence lizard Alligator lizard Gopher snake Garter snake Pond turtle Ringneck snake Kingsuake Coast garter snake Rattlesnake Mammals Opossum Raccoon Skunk Ground.squirrel Gopher. California mole Bats Weasel Coyote Bobcat Rats Mice Jackrabbit Black -tailed deer Open Oak Closed Oak Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -5- On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered plants or animals Food Chains The transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur in complex interlocking patterns. In natural systems all those organisms which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level. All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth level. 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) by ENVIROS (cont'd.)----------------- Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue.Project, ----------------------------------------- Open Oak Closed Oak Grassland Woodland Woodland Brush Pond, Birds X Mallard duck X Coots X X X Quail X X X X Pigeons X X X X Doves X X X Owls X X X X Swifts X X X X Hummingbirds X X X Flycatchers X X X X Swallows X X X X X Jays X X X Magpies X X X X Red tail hawk X X X Crows X X Wrens X X X X X Mockingbirds X Finches X X X X X X Blac? irds X X X Sparrows X X X X Robin Meauowlark X X On the basis of two visits to the project site and a review of available literature no evidence exists to suggest the presence of rare or endangered plants or animals Food Chains The transfer of food energy from plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten may be referred to as the food chain. At each level a large amount of the potential energy is lost as heat, perhaps as much as 90%. Because of this the number of links in a chain is limited usually to four or five. The shorter the food chain the greater the available energy. Food chains are of two kinds: (1) the grazing food chain which begins with green plants, goes to herbivores and finally to the carnivores. (2) The detritus food chain which begins with dead organic matter and continues through detritus feeding organisms. Food chains are not isolated sequences but occur in complex interlocking patterns. In natural systems all those organisms which occupy the same step in the sequence belong to the same trophic level. All green plants occupy the first trophic level, herbivores the second, carnivores which eat herbivores the third and secondary carnivores the fourth level. 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • VEGETATION /AND WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) -------------------------------------- =------------------------ On the basis of the possible species list one might envisage a food chain of the following kind: Oak acorn --Ground squirrel --Gopher snake --Red tail hawk. The number of possible diverse and interlocking food chains is considerable. It should be emphasized that with *fan food chains are subject to considerable disruption and dislocation. In this area alone man has caused the disappearance of the Grizzley bear and probably the Mountain lion. This has resulted in the removal of the top level of the chain. What this means is that herbivores, such as deer, now have no natural enemy and their populations are allowed to increase beyond natural limits. ,fan has to a very limited degree replaced the upper level carnivores, but all too often his predation is misdirected. .The possible food chain could at any point include man, unfortunately it has often included man at the top since it is not uncommon, though illegal, that people will shoot Red tail hawks. Impacts and Mitigation In all probability the major damage has already been done. The proposed development will only increase the degree of that impact. Since the property has been used for grazing, has been surrounded by orchards which have now been replaced with houses and has a cement plant just to the west the most significant damage has been done. What remains is also subject to adverse impact. Vegeta- tion destruction would be greatest and most permanent if development is allowed on the hills. Open Oak Woodland will be the most impacted. The Closed Oak Woodland, because of '.ts location on the steeper hillsides, would be less impacted. Generally, most of the oaks near the pond are in fa;,r to good health, particularly the live oaks. Several of the deciduous oaks are in poor health with insect damage noted in the crowns. On the southwest portion, the oaks are in fair health; a number of trees had thinning crowns and numerous dead small 'branches and twigs. It is this habitat which probably supports the largest wildlife populations and it is therefore fortunate that it is found in areas unsuited for development. In landscaping, the developer should emphasize the use of native species. These require less care and in the long run will be more suitable to the climatic changes which have recently caused so much concern in the Bay Area. Further, the use of native species would provide food and other habitat requirements for native animal species displaced in the process of development. The destruction of vegetation is the greatest potential threat to wildlife. This is because all animals are dependent on plants either directly or indirectly for food and cover, and because any environmental change is reflected in the vegetation it is useful to think of animals as associated with the major vegetation elements. Each animal will respond to change in its own way; few generalizations concerning impact can be made. Also it should be remembered that unlike plants, animals are not restricted to a given site, and can move in response to change. Such movement is however restricted to suitable habitats if such exist in the surrounding area. The animal, faced with adverse environmental change, must move or die. If an adjacent habitat is -7- 81,003.22 July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan VEGETATION A14D WILDLIFE (cont'd.) Excerpt from EIR for Voss Avenue Project, by ENVIROS (cont'd.) occupied by another individual one must give way to the other. In the natural environment only so many individuals of a given species are able to feed and reproduce in a limited area. Further development will probably result in reductions in the number of reptiles, they will be forced further up the hill. If Coyote and Bobcat are in the area they will also be forced further away from the valley. Birds which will suffer from development will include the Red tail hawk. Most of the species now in the area are already fairly well adapted to the urban fringe and will continue to be found in the area though probably in reduced numbers. The reduction in numbers will be a result of two factors: (1) the destruction of habitat., which provides food and shelter for breeding and protection from predation. (2) As a'result of habitat destruction the lower level of the food chain will be disrupted. This would mean that, the carnivores will have a reduced food source and will therefore be reduced in numbers. Some species will probably increase as a result of development. Many rodents are well adapted to man and will increase in numbers with developu,_�nt. Rays and mice are the two best examples. Other mammals which are able to live in close proximity to man and not suffer adverse impact are Raccoon and Deer. Both will probably maintain populations similar to those which they now have. Birds which are able to adapt include Jays, Doves, Pigeons, Crows, Blackbirds, Sparrows and Robins. One species which might enter the area is the Starling • which now can be found in the urban area. The best way to mitigate impact on the wildlife is to confine development to the flat, eastern portion of the site. Generally it is felt that the adverse impact on wildlife, provided that develop- ment is limited to the flat eastern portion of the property, will be minimal. If .development is allowed in the oak areas the impact will be greater as a result of habitat destruction. As previously mentioned the most significant damage has been done; the large carnivores are already gone and those species which .remain will suffer less since they are already adapted to man's presence. The small pond can only be improved as a result of development. At this time it is in a state of decline due to lack of upkeep. Aquatic and send -aquatic vegetation are causing the pond to become chocked with vegetation and this in turn is causing reductions in aquatic animals. Cleaning up the pond, removing much of the aquatic and semi -aquatic vegetation will render it more productive in terms of a greater variety of wildlife. Cleaning it will not affect its use as a wildlife water hole. Neighbors of the property report the pond contains fish. If true, the populations will not survive for long in the existing pond. If cleaned and maintained, fish could be planted, thereby creating a valuable recreation facility for the proposed housing development. If the pond were to become a recreational facility, the large oaks and part of the aquatic vegetation should be left so as to increase the habitat diversity in and adjacent to the pond. 0 Hill Area General Plan 13. GEOLOGIC STABILITY I� .9 April 17, 1.974 SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA) --------------------------------------------------------------- Extensive studies of seismic safety and geologic stability have been made by the California Division of Mines and Geology in cooperation with the Santa Clara County Planning Department. Studies of damage prevention and rescue service, etc. are at present conducted by the County in cooperation with the various cities. These studies seem to confirm rather Chan diminish the following section of the Open Space and Conservation Element of Cupertino's General Plan, adopted September 18, 1972 (though thi's is not the adopted policy of the Hillside.Subcommittee): SAN ANDREAS RIFT ZONE The only known active earthquake fault zone within Cuperti.no's sphere of influence is the San Andreas fault. It runs northwest - southwest along the upper part of Stevens Creek and then turns south through Camp Saratoga and Sandbcrn Valley. (Other known faults are inactive, but care should be taken not to permit build- ings on top of them.) The San Andreas fault is localized to a very -narrow band, but the effects of earthquakes in the fault can be felt over a very wide area. 1t should be noted, 'however, .that buildings with foundation on bedrock quite close to the fault may be little damaged by a strong earthquake, while severe damage may be inflicted on build- ings on certain types'of soil (and particularly on fill) several miles away. In addition to direct damage from vibrations, an earth- quake can trigger landslides in steep areas, which may cause as much damage. The Open Space Element map shows the San Andreas Rift Zone as a 2,000 foot wide band centered on the fault. The chosen width is not arbitrary, as it includes the steepest slopes adjacent to the fault. There are several summer homes and two resorts with swimming holes within the indicated rift zone. Further residential development should b.e prevented through zoning (though existing homes would be permitted.to remain non -conforming uses if the residents want to take the risk). Commercial recreational use could continue and be expanded, with some restrictions. The zoning regulations could be similar to the Agricultural -Recreational (A-ua) ordinance of the City of Cupertino, with added regulation to diminish the effect of an earthquake on buildings.. '(The County has the jurisdiction over the entire area indicated on the map.) -1- Draft AL/jk 81,003.42 Aug. 28, 1974 SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (HILL AREA) (cont'd.) ------------------------------------------------------------------- /•STRUCTURAL HAZARDS Buildings within the City of Cupertino are mostly new and constructed to standards considered to minimize seismic hazards. A few older buildings in the City, and buildings in the unincorporated area within the City's sphere of influence are mostly wooden one-story buildings, or stucco on wooden frames. This flexible construction minimizes damage from earth -shaking. No high-risk buildings have been located. DISASTER PLANNING PROGRAMS The urbanized area of. Santa Clara County is continuous and citiss generally have no natural boundaries. Unincorporated County areas intermingle with the cities. For this reason, separate disaster plan- ning programs for each city would be inefficient. The County has pre- pared.a program with cooperation of the cities. The City of Cupertino has no fire department or police department, but contracts with the Santa Clara County Fire Protection District and the County Sheriff's Office for services. The City's contribu- tion to a disaster planning program must, therefore, be limited !:o the City's Department of Public Works. • -.Seasonal fire control of the undeveloped hill area is provided by i the State of California Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry (with headquarters in Morgan Hill). '• LI/ DEFINITION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK AND AVOIDABLE RISK It is considered an acceptable risk that people continue to live in and move into Cupertino though the City is located within a gen- erally hazardous area. It is considered an avoidable risk to permit residential development close to known inactive faults and near the active San Andreas Fault. -2- JAB/hm 81,003.602 Aug. 22, 1974 l • SEISMIC SAFETY ELEMENT (Appendix) EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS IN THE ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CUPERTINO (by John A. Busto, Chief Building Inspector) Ordinance No. 627 - Adopting the 1973 Uniform Building Code: The buildings presently being designed and built in the City of Cupertino have to comply with the 1913 Uniform Bcildir_g Code, Sec. 2314, which reads:. °Every building or structure and every portion thereof shall be designed and constructed to.res'.st stresses produced by lateral forces as provided in this ,section. Stresses shall be calculated as the effect of a force applied horizon- tally at each floor or roof level abovn the foundation. The force shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction." The provisions of this section apply to the structure as a unit and also !` • . to all parts thsreof, including the Stractural frame or walls, floors and roof . systems, and other structural features. The 1973 Uniform Building Code also places all of California in Seismic Zone #3 which is the most hazardous of the four zones and requires the strictest designs. Ordinance No. 21h -A - Excavations, Grading and Retaining Walls: Section 106.08.060 c. Engineering Geological Reports: Prior to issuance of a grading permit, the Director, after review by a civil engineer, may require an engineering geological investigation, based on the most recent grading plan. The engineering geological report shall. include_ an adequate descrip'ci.0n of the geol.or;/ of the site, and conclusions and rccomracndaticrs regarding the effect of geologic conditions on the proposed development. All reports shall be subject to approval by the Director, and supplemental reports and data may be required as he any deem necessary. Recommendations included in the report and approved by the Director shall be incorporated in the grading plan. Cost to be borne by applicant. Section 16.08.060 d. Soils Engineering Reports: The Director may req,zire, after review by P. civil enginecr,'a soils engineering investigation, based on the most recent ;trading Y4: ri. Such reports Soal l include data rcearding,, the nature, distrib;ition, and strength of existing soils with particular emphasis on stability of existing and proposed cut end fill slopes, ccnclusiono and recommendation: for grading procPjures, and dcEti(ln criterl. for correci;i Ve L- nea:r.ures. Recam;iendation s included in the re -port and rpprovcd by the Director -1- JAB/hm 81,003.602 Aug. 22, 1974 SEIS.dIC SAF_F:Y ELE_PiE __N_i_(APPendir,)_(cont'd_)---------------------- •s) -.all be incorporaicedlin the grading plan or specifications.. Cost to be borne by applicant. i Section la.08.080 b. Geological or Flood Hazard: If, in the opinion of the Director, after review by a civil engineer, the land area for which grading is proposed is subject to geological or flood hazard to the extent that no reasonable amount of corrective work can eliminate or sufficiently reduce the u hazard. to human life or property, the grading p_rmit and building permits for habitable structures shall be denied. Section 16.08.00 c. Violation of Other Oriiinances: The Director shall not issue a grading permit for work on a. site unless all proposed uses shown on the grading plans for the site will comply with all provisions of zoning and other applicable City Ordinances. Ordinance Pio. 409.— Soils Report: Is an ordinance requiring a preliminary soils report and approval thereof as a condition to the issuance of a building permit. E� -2- §0 035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 • Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong SUiiNZIARY OF FINDINGS GENERAL GEOLOGY The San Andreas Fault- Zone is the dominant geologic feature in the Montebello Ridge Study Area. The general geology of this area is similar to that of the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" located immediately to the south (see Fig. 1) The reader is referred to the geologic report on the "Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area" (Rogers, 1972) for details. In comparison with the "Santa Cruz Mountain area", the Montebello Ridge area has: A) significantly fewer and smaller ancient, older, and modern,land— slides along the San Andreas Fault Zone, B) a larger area east of the San Andreas Fault Zone underlain by the Monterey Formation and Santa Clara Formation, • C•1 a more extensive area underlain .by the "Calera" limestone unit of Y the Franciscan rocks. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE The great differences in complexity of geologic structure between the Franciscan rocks and younger rock units on either side of the San Andreas Fault Zone are the same as described in Rogers (1972). A series of folds, oriented generally NW -SE subparalle1 to the San Andreas, Fault Zone, lie within the younger rock units east of that zone. Along the eastern margin of the study area, several of these folds form an en -echelon pattern along the mountain front south of Permanente Road, generally coinci- dent with a major fault zone. Several faults offset these younger rock units, displacing them against each other and/or the Franciscan rocks. Stream alluvium and the surface of the older valley alluvium that overlie projections of these faults do not seem to be offset. Thus, significant surface displacement apparently has not occurred on these faults since deposition of at least the upper part of the older alluvium. Deposits in Mountain View generally equivalent to the older alluvium of this study area have been age dated as young as 20,500 years (E.J. Helley, U.S.. Geological Survey, oral communication, 8/28/72). f *For references, see Environmental Geologic Analysis Santa Cruz Mountain Study Area Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area County of Santa Clara, California, February 1974. —i— � 80,035.53 '81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan :; • GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong A major unconformity exists at the base of each of the younger rock units east of the San Andreas Fault Zone. The Monterey Formation is unconformable . on the Franciscan rocks, and the Santa Clara Formation is unconformable on both the Monterey and Franciscan rocks. SIGNIFICANCE OF LA1TD FORMS (GEOMORPHOLOGY.) Land forms in the study area are controlled largely by bedrock type and amount of vertical uplift during the rise of the Santa.Cruz Mountains in the last two million years. The low rolling foothills and certain flat-topped ridges within the high mountains are remnants of the adcient subdued "mature" topog- raphy that existed prior to the vertical uplift. MINERAL RESOURCES Limestone, crushed rock, and sand and gravel are produced in the study area. No other potentially valuable mineral resources were located. The .Kaiser .Cement .and .Gypsum Co. operates .a .limes tone' quarry in a Franciscan limestone deposit which is the largest such deposit in the California Coast Ranges. Crushed rock is quarried at two locations in volcanic units of the Franciscan rocks. Three abandoned sand and gravel quarries are located in the Stevens Creel: member of the Santa Clara Formation. The extent of each of these geologic units and the commercial deposits are shown on Plate 3.* INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS Geologic data most critical for land use planning are summarized and interpreted on a Relative Geologic Stability Map (Plate 4)' This map was designed specifically for use by the CSC Planning Department as. the geologic element of a comprehensive land use study of the Montebello Ridge area. RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY (SEISMIC CONDITIONS) Data are provided (see Plate 3)*which show the relative probability of fault displacement along all the faults of the study area. This map displays the data needed to assess the surface fault rupture component of the total earth- quake geologic hazard (which includes surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, and tsunamis-seiches). See Rogers (1972). for the details of determining other hazard component's. • The earthquake history of the study area since 1900 was studied in terms of: A) the variation in. shaking intensity per earthquake, and B) the numt)er of felt earthquakes per year. These data show that on the average five damaging -2- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong earthquakes per decade and three felt earthquakes per year have occurred since comprehensive records were started in 1924. Another great earthquake located along the San Andreas Fault Zone (similar to 1906 San Francisco earth- quake) is anticipated anytime within the next several decades. . During the 1906 event, the study area was shaken violently. Many landslides occurred along the San Andreas Fault Zone in Stevens Creek and Saratoga Creek. Horizontal fault displacement of three feet nccurred along one trace of the -SanAndreas Fault Zone. The cluster of earthquakes near Stevens Creek Reservoir in the 1969-1970 period recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brown and Lee, 1971) may be related to a major fault, NW -SE oriented, near the eastern edge of the study area. The fault may be active at depth, even though there is no direct evidence of surface displacement within the last 20,000 years (see GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE, above). It is not known whether the activity will progress upward to ground surface, even if it is related to that fault. POTENTIAL FLOOD HAZARDS Hazards from storm flooding were found to exist on only one watercourse within the study area (Adobe Creek) . Due to .......-made alterations of its natural stream channal, portions of Adobe Creek are incapable of containing the 10 -year flood event. - All other stream channels within the study area are judged to be capable of containing a 200 -year flood event. A stream 'channel is defined for this purpose as the area that includes all land adjacent to the stream less than ten feet above the lowest point in the channel cross section. Flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming temporary dams and causing stream water to be pondcd. This type of flooding is most probable in zones of lowest relative geologic stability, as shown on the geologic stability map (Plate 4).* In addition, flooding may occur downstream from a dam if the dam should fail during an earthquake or for any other reason. Such a potential flood hazard exists on land adjacent to the stream channel below Stevens Creek Reservoir, in the event of the failure of Stevens Creek Dam. RECOMMENDATIONS GENERAL The general policy recommendations in Rogers (1972) that pertain to land use, hazardous areas and updating maps are equally pertinent to the Montebello -3- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong ------------------------------------------------------------- Ridge area. These recommendations are equally pertinent to the Montebello Ridge area. They are reiterated. EARTHQUAKE -RELATED PROBLEMS Earthquake -Induced Floorlinfi -- In all stream channels downstream from dams, consider restricting development to non-residential use and requiring special investigations of potential flood hazards for any permitted use. Earthquake Hazard to Schools -- No schools in the Montebello Ridge area are located in the San Andreas Fault 'Lone. The recommendation in Rogers (1972) related to future facilities is repeated -- "due to the severe earthquake hazard, no schools or other facilities of involuntary occupancy be allowed within she San Andreas Fault Zone." Earthquake -Induced Seiche -- The possibility of earthquake -induced seiche waves on reservoirs should be studied. Utilities - A Special. Problem -- Public utility facilities which cross the San .Andreas Fault Zone.may.be .severed, .damaged, or rendered inoperative by surface fault rupture or landslides during a major earthquake. These services therefore may be interrupted, severely limited, or unavailable just when they are vitally needed for post -earthquake recovery. Recommendation -- Responsible officials in all public utilities should be made aware of, or reacquainted with, these geologic hazards, and encouraged to make contingency plans or provide engineering solutions that will avoid or reduce the interruption of their services by a major earthquake. MINERAL RESOURCES Much of the study area is underlain by rocks that ;.re potential sources of sand and gravel, and crushed rock. Because much of the potential resource use lies outside of the study area, the determination of the ultimate resource value was not made for this limited study. If residential development continues to proceed as in the past, more of these potential mineral resources will be covered by homes without regard to the concomitant loss of mineral resources. Recommendation -- A countywide or regional mineral resources • study should be made to evaluate the future need for and value of available specific mineral resources. This study would of necessity have to be integrated with County.and local policies -4- I(* 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan GEOLOGIC STABILITY (cont'd.) Excerpts From Environmental G^ologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong ----------------------------------------------------------- on population and industrial growth. Local land use decisions then could include these resource value data in balancing values gained against values lost for any particular development. Envi- ronmental impact studies also would have need for these data. The desirability and feasibility of extracting these mate.rials for export from the area might also be considered. The current study of the San Francisco Bay Region conducted jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development will supply much useful data in this regard. FLOOD PROBLEMS Flood Hazards along Adobe Creek -- Inundation of part of the flood plain adjacent to Adobe Creek is a potential problem but does not present a threat to life, and would result only in minimal property loss under present use (recreational and agricultural). If the flood plain were to be developed for residential use, minor property damage (but not loss of life) probably would be incurred on an average of every 5 to 10 years. Recommendation -- To minimize flood hazards the flood plain of :idobe Creek should be reserved for low density, preferably non- residential, land use, or not be developed at all. Stevens Creek Dam - Earthquake Flood Hazard -- Little is known as to the behavior of such structures during large magnitude seismic events. In addition, there remains the possibility of a large flood wave (generated by a major landslide into the reservoir) overtopping the dam and causing flood conditions downstream. Recommendation -- To minimize possible earthquake -triggered flood hazards below Stevens Creek Dam, residential and "forced occupancy" development should not be permitted on land adjacent to the stream channel below the dam. Flood Hazards - General -- For the .remainder of the study area, it is recommended that development within stream channels (defined above in Summary of Findings) be restricted to non-residential use; and that special investigations of potential.flood hazards be required for any permitted use. -5- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 i Hill Area General Plan • TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS From Environmental Geologic Analysis of Montebello Ridge Mountain Study Area; by Thomas. H. Rogers and Charles F. Armstrong GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Hard, locally sheared, interbedded limestone and chert in the Franciscan rocks, must be excavated by blasting. (Cls) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Landslides or rock falls may occur in fractured rocks when fractures become saturated with water. ANTICIPATED RoSPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Least intense. `O Ground Failure - (Probability of lm:dcli::ir.g inc.caaec %"'Oh increased ..iter saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Rock falls may occur on steep slope's where rock outcrops may be shaken loose. -1- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) •--------------------------------------=------------------ d`.0 GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive, locally sheared volcanic rock and sandstone in the Franciscan rocks. Massive hard conglomerate, interbedded with hard sandstone and minor shale, Cretaceous age. (Kv, Kvf, Ks, Keg) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in D category. Landslides also possible where dip of interbedded units and/or local shear planes are inclined downslope and less consolidated units become saturated with water. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Same as D category. r • Cround Failure (Probability of landsliding increases wi.t}, increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur on steep slopes where bedding is inclined downslope and where erosion of less consolidated units has undermined harder units. Rock falls may occur as in D category. -2- I/ 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan • TABLE OF KELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) `'v Mc GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive, extensively sheared volcanic rock and sandstone, and complex intrusive igneous rock: in the Franciscan ru&s. Hard interbedded chert and shale, Miocene age. Massive, semi -consolidated siltstone, Miocene age. (Kvs, Kvfs, Kss, Kdg, Mm, Mus, Mst) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in H Category. Landslides also possible where failure occurs along water -saturated shear planes inclined downslope. ANTICIPATED ESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Same as or slightly more intense than D category. Ground Failure (Probability of landsliding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur 1) where bedding is inclined downslope as in H category and -2) along shear planes inclining downslope. -3- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Massive semi -consolidated sandstone and mudstone, interbedded siltstone, Miocene age. Weathered intrusive -extrusive igneous rocks, Tertiary age. Hard, massive. brittle shale and interbedded hard sandstone and shale, Cretaceous age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (Mv, Eb, EPu, Hl, Ti, Ksh, Kssh, Kshs, Qoal, Qal) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in H category. Landslides slso possible where semi -consolidated or weathered units become water -saturated. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking — Same as or slightly more intense than L category. Possible severe shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal. Ground Failure(Probability of l.andsliding increases with increased water saturation, in slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur as in H category (as in 1906 earthquake when 6''boulders of. Mv(?) rolled down into Stevens Creek Canyon), in loose weathered zones and in poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake). -4- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 i Hill Area General Plan • TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) _S_ GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Unconsolidated to semi -consolidated sand and gravel, locally clay rich, interjedded with clay, Quaternary -Tertiary age. Unconsolidated alluvium, Quaternary age, ranges from P to S categories. (QTscsc, QTses, QTscu,. Qoal, Qal) ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Landslides possible in these units when water saturation reduces stability because of: A) large decrease in bearing strength of all units, B) chemical and physical alteration of certain clay units, C) increase in internal pressure (pore pressure) of clay -rich units because of poor drainage. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Sya1� - Slightly more intense than L category, possible severe shaking in water -saturated Qoal and Qal. Ground Failure (Probability of landslidAg increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Landslides may occur as in H category and in poorly consolidated units along steep margins of stream channels. Severe lurch cracks may occur in water -saturated Qoal and Qal (as near Congress Springs in 1906 earthquake). 110- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) -W- GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION, GEOLOGIC UNITS INCLUDED: Landslide deposits and colluvium, Quaternary age., Shear zone (melange) in Franciscan rocks; weathered sheared serpentine, probable Mesozoic age. Unconsolidated clay and sand, local gravel, Quaternary -Tertiary ege. (Qlp1, Qlo, Q1A, sz, sp, QTscA) Shattered and sheared rocks along fault traces, indicated on map by pattern. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO HEAVY RAINFALL: Same as in S category. Landslides more probable in these units due to A) greater percentage of clay, B) lack .of coherent internal binding structure in landslide deposits and colluvium, C) presence of abundant shear planes in sz and sp units and in sheared rocks along fault traces. ANTICIPATED RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKES: Ground Shaking - Slightly more intense than S category. Ground Failure (Probability of landsli.ding increases with increased water saturation, increased slope, and decreased vegetation cover.) - Extensive landslides probable as occurred in Stevens.Creek Canyon, along Saratoga Creek, and near Pit. Eden Road during the 1906 earthquake. U he 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan TABLE OF RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY CONDITIONS (cont'd.) MAN'S INFLUENCE ON GEOLOGIC STABILITY The stability of all of these units is decreased by each of the following common activities: 1) Grading (changing slopes). 2) Removing vegetation. 3) Concentrating water. 4) Construction of buildings, swimming pools, etc. (adding weight to slopes). These adverse effects may be somewhat controlled by procedures such as: 1) Planting vegetation on cut slopes. 2) Diverting water away from head of landslides. 3) Draining water from interior of landslides. 4) Designing construction according to soil and rock strength. These effect's can be minimized in the first place by planned development based on a detailed knowledge.of the soil and geologic conditions. For more details see discussion in text under Relative Geologic Stability, Non -Seismic Conditions (Influence of Man) and in Appendix B.. —7— '. (00Tfilll COIIC'uE LDS w ALTOS ti, • : p it "'' .. �� r • T :It ]6T , `\r P_ _^K; P` /,, •'- t .. eTp•: C';S ?f', r9flY. -� 1 J r•'l, �` '. i. r, 1• '�yc=�:.s c_. vvw tcsv:•u\a-.:u-c-..vr^<-us ' ACC!=CI("` l macumm __ __ --- _____ L i H i +/} a S ori° �':• �. / �\ �, .; I ,' RELATIVE GEOLOGIC STABILITY-MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY AR PREPARED E3Y THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MONTE BELLO RIDGE MOUNTAIN STUDY CITIES OF SARATOGA, CUPERTINO, PALO ALTO, TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA F Hill Area General Plan • ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT ^---- CHAPTER 1354 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 An act to amend Sections 660, 661, and 662 of, and to add Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) to Division 2 of, the Public Resources Code, relating to earthquake protection, and making an appropriation therefor. (Approved by Governor December 22, 1972. Piled with Secretary of State December 22, 1972.) LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST SB 520, Alquist. Earthquake protection. Increases the membership of the State Mining and Geology Board from 9 to 11 persons and -declares that persons with specified occupations should be selected for membership on the board. Designates the board as a policy and appeals board for the purposes of provisions re earthquake hazard zones. • Requires the State Geologist to delineate, by December 31, 1973, special studies zones encompassing certain areas of earthquake hazard: Requires State Geologist to co•npile maps delineating the special. studies zones and to submit such maps to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Requires the State Geologist to continually review new geologic and seismic data and revise special studies zones and submit such revisions to affected cities, counties, and state agencies for review and comment. Appropriates $100,000 for such purposes. Requires affected cities, counties, and state agencies to submit their comments to 'board. Requires cities and counties to exercise specified approval authority with respect to real estate developments or structures for human occupancy within such delineated zones. Requires applicants for a building permit within such zone to be charged a fee according to a fee schedule established by the board. 'Limits maximum amount of such fee. Provides for retention of '- of the proceeds of any such fee by the city or county having jurisdiction and transfer of � to the state. The people of the State of California do enact as follows: SECTION 1. Section 660 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 660. There is in the department a State Mining.and Geology Board, con- sisting of 11 members appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by • the Senate, for terms of four years and until their successors are appointed and qualified. The State Mining and Geology Board shall also serve as a policy and appeals board for the purposes of Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) of Division 2. -1- 80,035.53 .81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.) SEC. 2. Section 661 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 661. Members of the board shall be selected from citizens of this state associated with or having broad knowledge of the mineral industries of this state, of its geologic resources, or.of related technical and scientific fields, to the end that the functions of the board as specified in Section 667 are con- ducted in the best interests of the state. Among the 11 members, two should be mining geologists, mining engineers, or mineral economists, one should be a structural engineer, one should be a geophysicist, one should be an urban or regional planner, one should be a soils engir.,eer, t-wo_should be geologists, one should be a representative of county government, and at least two shall be members of the public having an interest in and knowledge of the environ- ment. , SEC. 3. Section 662 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 662. The terms of the members of the board in office when this article takes effect in 1965 shall expire as follows: one member January 15, 1966; two members January 15, 1967; and two members January 15, 1968. The terms shall expire in the same relative order as to each member as the term for which he holds office before this article takes effect. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of this section at the 1968 Regular Session of: the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1.969. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1970 Regular Session of she Legislature shall commence on January 1.5, 1971, but the term of one of such additional members, who.shall be designated by the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 1974. The terms of the two additional members first appointed pursuant to the amendment of Section 660 at the 1972 Regular Session of the Legislature shall commence on January 15, 1973, but the term of one of such additional members, who shall be designated by the Governor, shall expire on January 15, 1976. SEC. 4: Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 2621) is added to Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, to read: CHAPTER 7.5.. HAZARD ZONES 2621. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Alquist-Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act. 2621.5. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide for the adoption and administration of zoning laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations by cities and counties, as well as to implement such general plan as may be in effect in any city or county. The Legislature declares that the provisions of this chapter are intended to provide policies and criteria to assist cities, counties, and state agencies in the exercise of their responsibility to provide for the public safety in hazardous fault zones. -2- 14 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hili Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT (cont'd.) 2622. In order to assist cities and counties in their planning, zoning, and building -regulation functions, the State Geologist shall delineate, by December 31, 1973, appropriately wide special studies zones •to encompass all potentially and recently active traces of the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, and San Jacinto Faults, and such other faults, or segments thereof, as he deems suffi- ciently active and well-defined as to constitute a potential hazard to structures from surface faulting or fault creep. Such special studies zones shall ordinarily be one-quarter mile or less in width, except in circumstances which may require 'the State Geologist to designate a wider zone. Pursuant to this section, the State Geologist shall compile maps delineating the special studies zones and shall submit such maps to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies, not later than December 31, 1973, for review and' comment. Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shall submit all such comments to the State Mining and Geology Board for reviec, and consideration within 90 days, within 90 days of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies of the orficial maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone. The State Ge9l.ogist shall continually review new geologic and seismic data and shall revise the special studies zones or delineate additional special studies .zones when warranted by new information. The State Geologist shall submit all such revisions to all affected cities, counties, and state agencies for their review and cummenc.Concerned jurisdictions and agencies shah submit all such comments to the State Mining and Geology Board for review and con- sideration within 30 days. Within 30 days.of such review, the State Geologist shall provide copies of the revised official maps to concerned state agencies and to each city or county having jurisdiction over lands lying within any such zone. 2623. within the special studies zones delineated pursuant to Section 2622, the site of every proposed new real estate development or structure for human occupancy shall be approved by the city or county having jurisdiction over such lands in accordance with policies and criteria established by the State Mining and Geology Board and the findings of the State Geologist. Such policies and criteria shall be established by the State Mining and Geology Board not later than December 31, 1973. In the development of such policies and criteria, the State Mining and Geology Board shall seek the comment and advice of affected cities, counties, and state agencies. .Cities and counties shall not approve the location of such a development or structure within a delineated special studies zone if an undue hazard would be created, and approval may be withheld pending geologic and engineering studies to more adequately define the zone of • hazard. If the city or county finds that no undue hazard exists, geologic and engineering studies may be waived, with approval of the State Geologist, and the location of the proposed development or structure may be approved. -3- 80,035.53 81,003.22 AL/tm April 2, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ALQUIST-PRIOLO ACT - ---- 2624.. Nothing in this chapter is intended to prevent cities and counties from establishing policj.es and criteria which are stricter than those established by the State Mining and Geology Board, nor from imposing and collecting fees in addition to those required under this chapter. 2625. Each applicant for a building permit within a delineated special studies zone shall be charged a reasonable fee according to a fee schedule established by the State Mining and Geology Board. Such fees shall be set in an amount sufficient to meet-, but not to exceed, the costs to state and local government of administering and compl.yirg with the provisions of this chapter. Such fee shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the total valuation of the proposed building construction for which the building permit is issued, as determined by the local building official. One-half of the proceeds of such fees shall be retained by the city or county having jurisdiction over the pro- posed development or structure for the purpose of implementing this chapter, and the remaining one-half of the proceeds shall be deposited in the General Fund. SEC. 5. There is hereby appropriated from the General Fund in the State Treasury to the Department of Conservation the sum on one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) for the purposes of Section 2622 of the Public Resources Code. -4- .0 Hill Area General Plan 14. FLOOD AND FIRE HAZARD • 1- • • July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22 FLOOD HAZARD 81,085 ------------------------------------------------------------------ In the context of evaluating flood hazard, the Cil�y of Cupertino has determined that protection from the 100 -year flood frequency represents an acceptable level of risk. (Actually, a 1% risk each year of flooding on indicated area.) The 100 -year flood frequency criteria is commonly utilized by various public and private agen- cies such as the Federal Flood Insurance Administrator, the Corp of Engineers, and the Santa Clara Valley Water District. California Division of Mines and Geology and the Santa Clara Valley Water District have conducted limited studies to ascertain flood risk within the foothill study area. Thomas H. Rogers avid Charles F. Armstrong of the Division of Mines and Geology conducted hydro- logic work in connection with the Montebello Ridge Mountain Study. Rogers and Armstrong concluded that all stream channels within the hill study area are judged to be capable of containing a 200 -year flood event.l In the context of their.study, a stream channel was defined as the area that includes all land adjacent to a stream less than 10 ft. above the lowest point of the channel cross- section. Rogers and Armstrong further concluded that flooding may occur locally as a result of landslides into streams forming tem- porary dams. and causing stream water to be ponded. Additionally, flooding may occur downstream from Stevens Creek Reservoir should this dam instantaneously fail during an earthquake or for any other such reason. The Santa 'Clara Valley Water District conducted an extensive channel study on Stevens Creek, from Central Avenue in Mountain View to the face of Stevens Creek Reservoir. The District also conduc- ted preliminary work in connection with a dam safety study for Stevens Creek Reservoir. The Water District's findings relative to potential flood risk on Stevens.Creek is generally consistent with that of Rogers and Armstrong for the reach of Stevens Creek between the dam and Deep Cliff Golf Course. This particular reach of. the Creek is characterized by a pronounced ravine, as opposed to the flat flood plain characteristic of Stevens Creek beginning at the southern boundary of the Deep Cliff Golf Course. The Water - District's study indicates that the 100 -year flood frequency event will have a water surface elevation ranging between 10 t0 14 ft. above the'present boZtom elevation of the channel. No figures are given for a 200 -year event; that is, a 0.5% risk.2 Although there is a 4 ft., difference between the water surface elevation given by Rogers and Armstrong (10 ft..) and the water surface ele- vation provided by the District (10 to 14 ft.), the water surface elevation will not have a drastic"effect on the geographical area flooded because of the steep topography of the ravine. Fur- ther, it is difficult to compare the two studies because of the lack of information, primarily in terms of the stream flow calcu- lations. -1- July 1, 1975 Hill Area General Plan BC/jk 81,003.22 FLOOD HAZARD (cont'd.) 81,085 ----------------------------------------------------------------- • In response to State legislation, the District staff prepared an Inundation Boundary Map, .:ascribing the areas of potential flood- ing that would result from instantaneous failure of Stevens Creek dam. The District qualified the boundary by stating: "It is rec- ognized that from an engineering standpoint, inundation mapping depends upon empirical analysis. Precise calculations, to include determination of depths and velocities,are beyond the current state of the art. Therefore, conservative assumptions were made, within the limits of good engineering judgment, as to the extent and rapidity if failure, and as to the probable routes the flow would follow". 0 Again, because of the steep topography on either side of the stream bed between the face of'tbe dam and the Deep Cliff. Golf Course, the Inundation 1 -lap for the instantaneous failure of the dam could not differ greatly from the flood limit line from ::he 100 -year event. The Water District has not conducted detailed studies for other streams within the Cupertino's sphere of influence. however, the District indicates that there may be slight flooding along the reach of Permanente Creek between the Kaiser-Permanente Plan site and Freeway 280- Neither the degree of flooding nor the flood limit line is precisely known. The District additionally indicated by letter that a few .properties located northerly of Stevens Creek Reservoir may be exposed to flooding. Land use intensity would have little impact o:: the degree of flood- ing ri3k from a general point of view because, during the 100 -year storm event, it is assumed that the ground is fully saturated and, therefore, a run-off coefficient for open space areas would not differ too greatly from that which is paved over or roofed. There- fore, the major consideration when evaluating density alternatives of the foothills as it relatesto flood risk is to ensure that the development is,kept a safe distance from stream beds, particularly Stevens Creek below Stevens Creek Reservoir. Development plans involving land in close proximity to a stream bed should be evalu- ated by a hydrologist on a case-by-case basis to determine possible flood risk. Attachment: Map of potential flood risk for 100 -year event, and for inundation in the event of dam failure. References: 1. Environmental Geologic Analysis of. the Northern Santa Cruz • Mountain Range in Santa Clara County, California Division of Mines and Geology. February 1974. 2. Planning Study f.or Stevens Creek, Santa Clara Valley Water District, August 1974. Maps 15-17. . -2- 1J BC/jk 81,003.22 Hill Area General Plan 80,026 FIRE HAZARD July 2, 1975 --------------------------------------------------------------- Fire risk must be evaluated in terms of potential risk to human life and property and to the natural environment. There is a conflict between urban development and the resultant necessity for fire suppression, and the role of fire to maintain a natural ecological system for specific plant and animal communities. The introduction of additional dwellings within the foothills will increase the risk to existing and future residences, and will preclude either natural or controlled burning to minimize the danger of hot fires which completely destroy surface and sub— surface vegetation. Residential development in the foothills will ;.ncrease the need for fire exclusion. The Patri, Streatfield and Ingmire report, entitled "The Santa Cruz Mountains Regional Pilot Study, Early Warning System" emphasizes that fires were once a regular. part of.the ecology of the Santa Cruz Mountain region. "These fires were frequent and light in character and, hence, little damage was done to the plants of the for- est. In many cases, the plants were so precisely adapted to regular burning that the occurrence of a burn trig- gered off flowering or the germination of certain.species. In this way, fire played an important role in successional • processes and health of the community. The widespread exclusion of fire from the forest and from the chaparral areas has led to an immense buildup of their fuel. Once leaves and old limbs fall to the .ground and dry out, their presence represents a very severe fire hazard. In other areas, the lack of regular burning has led to the growth of a very lush undergrowth of herbs, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. The total effect of this suppression has been the creation of conditions which will make it al- most certain that any future fire will be a holocaust. The forest fire will not be the surface fire of former days but a potentially devastating ground fire." The attached map, labeled "Fire Risk", is an adaptation of a map prepared by the County Planning Department for inclusion into the County's General Plan Safety Element. The numbered ,sub -areas on the map reflect categories of hazard: moderate hazard, high hazard, and extreme hazard. The hazard areas are weighted, ,based upon the factor of fuel loading (combustible material), critical fire weather, and slope'steepness. As indicated by the map, the area,within the urban fringe is considered a mod- erate hazard, while the balance of the properties within the sphere of influence are considered either high or extreme hazard. .The County, study Public Safety Element does not contain specific • recommendations relative to the relationship of fire hazard to density. —1— • BC/jk 81,003.22 Hill Area General Plan 80,026 FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975 --------------------------------------------------------------- From the City of Cupertino's point of view, the entire sphere of influence is considered hazardous. All land areas within the foothills have been placed within a fire hazard area defined'by the City's adopted Uniform Fire Code. In the context of the hill- side phase of the Land Use Amendment to the General Plan, it must be assumed that all areas within the hillsides should continue to be considered as a hazardous fire area which requires certain fire protection measures if urban development is to take place. A more sensitive study and recommendation will be forthcoming in connec- tion with the review of a General Plan Public Safety Element. In terms of the interaction of.each General Plan Alternative to the fire risk factor, it can be assumed that the greater the land use density, the greater the fire risk, which results in increased fire suppression which, in turn, affects the natural eco -system of the hillsides areas. If a pian alternative is chosen which proposes residential development within the hillsides, the follow- ing fire protection requirements contained within the Uniform Fire Code will be required: 1. An effective fire break shall be placed around each residential structure for a distance of not less than • 30 ft. on each side. The fire break must exclude all flammable vegetation and other combustible growth. The fire break requirement shall not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery, or similar plants used as ground covet, provided that they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any structure. 2.. The Fire Protection Agency may further require that the fire break be expanded by removing all brush, flammable vegetation or combustible growth located from, 30 to 100 ft. from any such building, when the Fire Protection Agency finds that because of extra hazardous conditions, a fire break of only 30 ft. around such structure is not sufficient to provide reasonable fire safety... 3. The.City's Uniform Fire Code requires non-combustible exterior materials, including roof materials. The steps necessary to protect dwellings from fire have a direct impact on vegetation removal, particularly in areas where the Fire Protection Agency feels that there is a higher or extreme fire hazard risk. The definition of an "extra hazardous" area • would have to be made on a case-by-case basis by a fire protection individual, and does not directly relate to the term "extreme hazard" on the attached map prepared in conjunction with the County Public Safety Element. -2- BC/jk 81,003.22 Hill Area General Plan 80,026 FIRE HAZARD (cont'd.) July 2, 1975 -------------------------------------------------------------- • In order to provide accessibility for fire fighting equipment, the following road standards would have to be maintained for both private and public rights-of-way: 1. Private driveways should not serve more than two dwelling units. Cul-de-sac public streets should not serve more than 20 units if they are the only access; they may serve 100 units if complemented by a secondary access through a fire trail. More than 100 units should be served by a loop street, providing access from two separate directions. 2. The above rules for access should be applied through all stages of development. If necessary, secondary access through a fire trail or a loop street should be provided through undeveloped property through agreement or eminent domain. Fire trails may be closed off by fences and gates which can be opened or run down by fire vehicles. 3. The 1'ength of private driveways or cul-de-sac public streets should not exceed 1000 ft., except where • there is a water supply accessible for fire protec- tion near the building site. • 4. Private driveways should be paved to a width of 12 ft, if they serve one dwelling unit, 18 ft. if they serve two units; except that an oil screen is sufficient where the grade does not exceed 15%. The paved width of a public street would depend on projected traffic, but should not be less than 20 ft. 5. The grade of private driveways should not exceed 20%; and should not exceed an average of 15% on any 300 ft. long section. Public streets should have the same minimum standard. -3- Hill Area General Plan 15, SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS i • AL/tm May Hill Area General Plan APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS ---------------------- Slope-Density Formulas 81,003.22 80,022.1 12, 1975 The Planning Commission of the City of Cupertino has tentatively, for the purpose of study only, adopted two slope -density formulas (out of a large number investigated): "Foothill Residential (5-65)" for development within the Urban Service Area, and "Rural Residential" for development outside the Urban Service Area. A third formula, "Very Low Density Rural Residential", has been developed in order to study the."Very Low Density" alternative. The Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County has on December 12, 1973 adopted three slope -density formulas: (1) Public water supply and sani:ary sewers available; (2) Public water supply available; sanitary sewers not available; (3) Public water supply and sanitary sewers not available. Graphs of these formulas (except the "Very Low") and tables for all of them are attached. It is noted that a landowner or developer or even the City staff does not have to interpret the graphs; the tables are more exact and should be used. The attached pages "Definition of Steepness", "Conversion Between Measurements of Slope" and "Geometry of Slope -Density Formulas" explains various mathematical aspects to those interested. . The "Foothill Residential" formulan rnncistc of a fairy, com-plicated inathemati_r.Al, equation in order to be applicable both to generally flat areas and to very steep hillsides, a stated goal of the Planning Commission. IL is horizontal from 0% to 5% slope, then curves sharply and descends steeply, reverses its curvature and gradually approaches they -axis at 65% slope (though it almost reaches zero at 60% slope). The formula is: d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos [3(s-5) ] + 3.4{0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-5)]} 8 0.5 causes the.curve to be horizontal at.d=0; C ❑ 1, n ❑ it 11 11 s=5; 3 it . 11 it it 11 it s=65; 3.4 '� ii it It d=4.4; 8 it " " approach the first component, that is the sine curve d = 0.5 + 0.5 cos[3(s-',)]; the difference is 0.1 DU/ac. at s=29.5% and 0.01 DU/ac. at s=35.5%. The "Rural Residential" and "Very Low Rural Residential" formulas are simple sine curves: d = 0.1 + 0.1 cos(2.7s) d = 0.025 + 0.025 cos(2.7s) Map Material • Maps on which measurements are made should not be in smaller scale than 1 i 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) and contour interval should be not more than -1- AL/tm 81,003.22 80,022.1 May 12, 1975 Hill Area General Plan . APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10 feet. Enlargement of smaller scale maps (e.g. U.S.G.S. 1 t 24,000 maps) should not be permitted. However, an exception could be made in the case of subdivision into lots of 20 acres or more outside the Urban Service Area. - If the "map wheel" measuring method is used, maps should not be in a scale smaller than 1 t 600 (1 inch to 50 feet), in this case photographic enlarge- ment from 1 t 2400 scale would be permitted. The City has contour maps in scale 1 t 2400 (1 inch to 200 feet) available which cover most of the Urban Service Area within the hill study area. However, these maps do not have property lines, and an attempt to construct property lines on the contour maps from the County Ass^.ssor's maps have disclosed large discrepancies. Survey of property lines on the ground'is prohibitively expensive, except perhaps for a very few check points. A land owner or developer can for that reason not be depended on to provide correct maps, and checking by the City staff would in any case be very time consuming. There may be a possibility to extend the County coordinate system, which is marked on newer subdivision maps,into the hill area. It is suggested that the City make an attempt on a trial basis and then proceed if at all possible, though' this is a major undertaking. It seems that correct maps are essential for application of slope -density formulas. Standard Grid System for Measuring The possibility of "gerrymandering" is built into every slope -density formula applied to a terrain with varying steepness and represented by a graph with a broken line or a sharp curvature, such as the "Foothill Residential (5-65)" formula. A property owner can gain or loose a substantial number of dwelling units by splitting the property before the actual subdivision, or by con- solidating two or more parcels. (This is exemplified in the attached page "Gain or Loss in Number of Dwelling Units Determined by Slope -Density Formulas".) In itself it. is not objectionable that an increase in density results from measuring methods that adjust to the terrain. Specifically, an owner of a large property should not be put in a less advantageous situation than owners of a similar property which has already been divided into smaller but still divisible parcels. However, measurement procedures should be regulated to avoid arbitrary "gerry- mandering". For that reason, measurement of standardized grid squares with a side of 200 feet or 100 feet has been suggested. The grid lines should be oriented north -south and east -west and coincide with 200 feet (or 100 feet) multiples of County coordinates. Average slope would be measured for each grid square and the "dwelling unit credit" determined. The "credit" would then be added for the entire property. • Calculations should be carried out with areas in 3 decimals of acres or in units of 10 sq. ft., to avoid discrepancies caused by rounding. The total number of -2- AL/tm 81,003.22 80,022.1 May 12, 1975 dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards (for the same reason that a 1490 square foot lot does not qualify in. an R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property, subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations. Measuring Methods If a "man wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property. Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form areas not larger than approximately 1� acres and not smaller than approximately acre; this simplifies measuring. Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bti). When the length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following fo mulas apply: Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (sq. ft.) or Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (acres).x 43,560 With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual programming seems ,to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations, the grid squares should be 100.' x 100'. The slope for each entire square will be printed by the computer and then multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary. These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the property. These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's tables which apply 1% or even 'z% categories), and the area is approximated to a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase computer cost. Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except standard computer operations) so that the City staff can check them. -3- Hill Area General Plan . APPLICATION OF SLOPE -DENSITY ----------------------------------------------- FORMULAS (cont'd.) dwelling units for the entire property must always be rounded downwards (for the same reason that a 1490 square foot lot does not qualify in. an R1-7.5 zone). - Dwelling units do not have to be distributed according to the grid squares, they can be concentrated on a part of the property, subject only to minimum lot area or yard regulations. Measuring Methods If a "man wheel" is used, the grid squares should be 200' x 200'. There would normally be smaller irregular areas along the boundary of the property. Such areas could be combined with each other or with standard squares to form areas not larger than approximately 1� acres and not smaller than approximately acre; this simplifies measuring. Area (other than standard squares) would be measured with a planimeter, or better by dividing the area to be measured in triangles (A=0.5bti). When the length of contours is measured with a "map wheel" the following fo mulas apply: Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (sq. ft.) or Slope (%) = Contours (ft.) x Contour interval (ft.) x 100 Area (acres).x 43,560 With computer application, the slope must be determined in standard squares only (at least with methods presented to the City of Cupertino; the actual programming seems ,to be a trade secret). Consequently, slope is normally measured for an area larger than the property; to minimize approximations, the grid squares should be 100.' x 100'. The slope for each entire square will be printed by the computer and then multiplied either with 10,000 sq. ft. for "interior" squares, or with the actual area within the property for squares straddling the property boundary. These products are added, and the result divided by the total area of the property. These are computer programs for "slope categories". The computer calculates areas with 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15% slope, etc. This method is unsatisfactory for two reasons: the usual categories of 5% are too wide (as compared to the City's tables which apply 1% or even 'z% categories), and the area is approximated to a multiple of standard grid squares. Narrower categories (1%) and smaller squares (20' x 20') may make this method acceptable, but would greatly increase computer cost. Each step of all measurements and calculations should be recorded (except standard computer operations) so that the City staff can check them. -3- 5.0 4.5 4.4 m 1.5 ao 10 20 30 40 5u PERCENT SLOPE LOPE :D6NSLTYFORMULAS I ij - } T PUiiP05ES. - 2 -. - -- __ 0. _ AOOPJED -OR 5T.QV II -- -+ 0.2 T ._^ - - . AVmc 5Feh_75 -02 _ „ I — B 0' 22 0 . Tt_ -0.2 ' - -EOOTl-111 I BEST➢E1VT Al—�_ - •--r--8 --=d 3-- a3405'+05cos13(S-5)7� w I n— W y _ 7. i w { i-*-I I -L-"'I1.OZ -+-- t ---� j :.y , T% rte. j �j 11 175 f --- a O.: i 0.: L OE -- -- I _ O. i -0., r_ T ; O.Z -o I.0 - - 2. 1 2. }2URAL E7�SIUENTIAt' d .�L+.Q�cos:(s.x 270jG Ij ' 3. -- 10 20 30 40 5u PERCENT SLOPE I( • I " 0 AL/jk 80,022.1 May 30, 1973 Rev. Feb. 10, 1975 SLOPE -DENSITY FORMU;A; Urban Services Not Available RURAL. RESIDENTIAL. 0 - 0.1 + 0.1 cos (s x 2.7°) ------------------•------------....--------------------------------------- Slope Density Gr.acres Average Slope Density Gr.acres Averagr! X D.U.per per D.U. lot area 2 D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq..t. a d 1/d 43,560/d s d 1/d 43,560/d 0 0.200 5.000 217,800 35 0.097. 10.85 473,000 1 0.200 5.003 218,000 36 0.087 11.43 498,000 2 0.200 5.011 21x,000 37 0.083 12.08 526,000 3 0.199 5.025 219,000 38 0.078 12.79 557,000 4 0.198 5.045 220,000 39 0.074 .13.58 592,000 5 0.197 5.070 221,000 40 0.069 14.47 630,00-0 6 0.196 5.101 222,000 4J, 0.065 15.47 674,000 7 0.195 5.139 224,000 42 0.060 16.59 723,000 8 0.193 5.182 226,000 43 0.056 17.86 778,000 9 0.191 5.232 228,000 44 0.052 19.30 841,000 10 0.189 5.288 230,000 45 0.048 20.94 912,000 11 0.187 5.352 233,000 46 0.044 22.84 995,000 12 0.184 5.422 236,000 47 0.040 25.03 1,090,000 13 0.182 5.500 240,000 48 0.036 27.58 1,200,000 14 0.179 5.586 243,000 49 0.033 30.58 1,330,000 15 0.176 5.681 247,000 50 0.029 34.14 1,490,000 i6 0.173 5.784 252.000 51 0.026 33.41 1,670.00^ 17 0.170 5.897 257,000 52 0.023 43.58 1,900,000 18 0.166 6.019 262,000 53 0.020 49.92 2, 180,GO0 19 O.1G3 '6.153 268,000 54 0.017 57.83 2,520,000 20 0.159 6.298 274,000 55 0.015 67.86 2,960,000 21 0.155 6.456 281,000 56 0.012 80.85 3,520,000 22 0.151 6.627 289,000 57 0.010 98.07 4,270,000 23 0.147 6.812 297,000 58 0.008 121.6 5,300,000 24 0.143 7.014 306,000 59 0.006 154.9 6,750,000 25 0.138 7.232 33.5 000 60 0.005 204.3 8,900,000 26 0.134 7.470 325,000 61 0.004 282.1 12,290,000 27 0.129 7.728 337,000 62 0.003 415.2 18,090,000 28 0.125 8.008 349,000 63 0.002 671.6 29,250,000 29 0.120 8.314 362,000 64 0.001' 1268. 55,240,000 30 0.116 8.647 377,000 >64 0 - - 31 0.111 9.011 393,000 32 0.106 9.409 410,000 33 0.102 9.845 429,000 34 0.097 10.32 450,000 I AL/jk 80 022.1 Feb. 10, 1975 SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA: Urban Services Not Available VERY LOW DENSITY RURAL RESIDENTIAL 0.07.5 + 0.025 cos (s x 2.7°) ------------------------------------------------------ Slope Density Gr.acres AverageSlope Density -------------------- Gr.acres Avera•;c 2 D.U.per per. D.U. lot area ;L D.U.per per D.U. lot area gr.acre gr.sq.ft. gr.acre gr.sq.ft. s d 1/d 43,560/d s d 1/d 43,560/d 0 0.050 20.00 871.,200 35 0.023 43.41 1,890,000 1 0.050 20.01 872,000 36 0.022 45.73 1,990,000 . 2 0.050 20.04 873,000 37 0.021 48.31 2,100,000 3 0.050 20.10 876,000 38 0.020 51.16 2,230,000 /i 0.050 20.18 879,000 39 0.018 54.34 2,370,000 5 0.049 20.28 883,000 40 0.017 57.89 2,520,000 6 0.049 20.41 889,000 41 0.016 61.87 2,700,000 7 0.049 20.55 895,000 42 0.015 66.35 2,890,000 8 0.048 20.7'3 903,000 43 0.014 71.42 3,110,000_ 9 0.048 20.93 97.2,000 44 0.013 77.18 3,360,000 10. 0.047 21.15 921,000 45 0.012 83.77 3,650,000 11 0.047 21.41 932,000 46 0.011 91.34 3,980,000 12 0.046 21.69 945,000 47 0.010 100.2 4,360,000 13 0.045 22.00 958,000 48 0.009 110.3 4,810,000 • 14 0.045 22.34 973,000 49 0.008 122.3 5,330;000 /-0 15 0.044 22.72 990,000 50 0.007 136.6 5,950,000 16 0.043 23.14 1, 01,0,000; 51 U.007 153.6 6,690,000 11 0.042 23.59 1,030,000 52 0.006 174.3 7,590,000 18 0.042 24.08 1,050,000 53 0.005 199.7 8,700,000 19 0.041 24.61 1,070,000 54 0.0.04 231.3 10,100,000 20 0.040 25.19 1,100 000 55 0.004 271.4 11,800,000 . 21 0.039 25.82 1,120,000 56 0.003 323.4 1.4,100,000 22 0.038 26.51 1,150,000 57 0.003 392.3 17,100,000 23 0.037 27.25 1,190,000 58 - 0.002 486.3 21,200,000 24 0.036 28.05 1,2.20,000 59 0.002 619.6 27,000,000 . 25 0.035 28.93 1,260,000 60 0.001 817.2 35,600,000 - 26 0.033 29.88 1,300,000 61 0.001 1129. 49,200,000 27 0.032 30.91 1,350,000 >62 0.001 1661. 72,300,000 28 0.031 32.03 1,400,000 29 0.030 33.26 1,450,000 30 0.029 34.59 1,510,000 31 0.028 36.04 1,570,000 32 0.027 37.64 1,640,000 33 0.025 39.38 1,720,000 34 0.024 41.30 1,800,000 L I• C), O _ N M V N tD r W m O 0 O N O I() p O O 0 I I I 1 I I 11 $3iJOq V3Z 10l 3OV83AV Y I , I �r I m Tn to o r I r ril � .I Y- '+ 1 l j-+ w ii m-1 7- l- la n o II s :. _I �.,..I { I -o -o o -n •�i -L -!- a= (1''u M II S I • I ri , r � �. 1 r - I L i-` t J I T Y T LL o O 1• I 4� tt 1 f r 1 y � +.-•-'-.-}� . t - r ` 111 , _�-i i 1t ,.' rm v'` ;:. a' -a ;J O o —, N 71- �o E i. I lz Eri o _ m m Lb* M d ci 0 0 o 0 o d a W a N W U LU 0- • c 80, 22.1. April'15, 1974 SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOYL•'-DENSITY FORMULA (1) Public water supply and sanitary sewers available. (Alin. lot area 1. -ross acre) d = 1.2 - 0.2s; from.s = 10.to's 50 Slone Density Average Slope Density Average D.U.per lct area % D.U.per lot area gross acre sq.ft. gross acre sq.ft. S d 43,560/d s d 43,560/d 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.980 0.960 0.;40 0.920 0.900 0.880 0.860 0.840 0.820 0.800 0.780 0.760 0.740 0.720 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 43,560 44,450 45,380, 46,340 47,350 48,400 49,500 50,650 51,860 53,120 54,450 55,850 57,32.0 58,860 60,500 1 25 26 .27 2.8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ZD 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 •48 49 50 over 50 0.700 0.680 0.660 0.640 0.620 0.600 0.580 0.560 0.540 0.520 0.500 0.480 0.460 0.1160 0.420 0.400 0.380 0.360 0.340 0.320 0.300 0.280 0.260 0.240 0.220 0.200 0.200 62,230 64,060 66,000 68,060 70,260 72,600 75,100. 77,790 80,670 83,770 87,120 90,750 94 700 on nno 103,700 108,900 ).14 , 600 121. 000 125,100 136,100 145,200 155,600 . 167,500 181,500 198,000 217,800 217,800 T.1 AL/jk 80,022.1 April 15, 1974 SANTA CLARA COUNTY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULA (2) not available, Public water supply available, sanitary sewers (Min, lot area 1.75 gross acres) = 50 •d - - 0:6809 - 0.010952s; fron s = 10 to s ----------- ---- Slope Density Average Slat, Density' Avcrage 7 D.U.per lot area D.U.per lot area gross acre sq.ft. gross acre sq.ft.. d 43,560/d d 43,560/d s s 2� 0.407 107,000 0 0.571 76,230 2r, 0.396 110,000 1 0.511 76,230 27 0.385 113,100 .2 0.571 76,230 28 0.374 116,4'00 3 0.571 76,230 29 0.363 119,900 4 0.571 76,230 i, 5 0.571 76,230 30 0.352 0.341 123,600 127,600 6 0.571 76,230 31 32 0.330 1.31,800 7 0.571 7b,23U 33 0.319 136,300 p t! 8 0.571 76,230 34 0.309 141,200 9 0.571 76,230 35 0.298 1.46,400 i 10 0.571 76,230 36 0.287 152,000 11 0.560 77,730 37 0,276 1.58,000 12 0.549 7°,280 38 0.265 164,500 • 13 0.539 80;89039 0.254 171,700 i 14 0.528 82,570 40 0.243 179,1,00 15 0517 . 84 , 320 41 0.232 187,900 16 0.506 86, 14 0 42 0.221 197,200 17 0,495 88,00550 43 0.210 207,5500 18 0.4 90,040 44 0.199 218,900 19 0.47733 92,130 20 0.462 94,310 45 0.188 0.177 231,600 246,000 21 0.451 96,61.0 46 47_ 0.166 262,200 22 0.440 99,010 48 0.155 280,700 - 23 0,429 101,500 49 0.144 302,000 24 0.418 104,200 50 0.133 326,670 ..over 50 0.133 326,670 • T.2 ;.� SANTA CLAP,A COUNTY SLOPE•-DL''NS11•Y Public water supply and sanitary (Min. lot area 2.5 gross acres) d = 0.475 - 0.0075s; from s = 10 ---------------------------------- Slope Density Average D.U.per lot area gross acre sq.ft. s d 43,560/d AL/jk April rORNULA (3) sewers not available. to s = 50 --------------------------------- Slope Density % D.U.per gross acre s d 80,022.1 15, 1974 Average lot area sq.ft. 43,560/d 0 0.4000 7.08,900 25 0.2875 151,500 1 0.4000 7.08,900 26 0.2800 155,600 2 0.4000 7.08,900 27 0.2725 159,900 3 0.4000 108,900 28 0.2650 164,400 4 0.4000 108,900 29 0.2575 169,20`] 5 0.4000 108,900 30 0.2500 174,200 6 0.4000 7.08,900 31 0.2425 179,600 7 0.4000 108,900 32 0.2350 7.85,400 8 0.4000 108,900 33 0.2275 191,500 9 0.4000 108,900 34 0,2200 198,000, 10 0.4000 108,900 35 0.217.5 205 000 11 0.3925 117.,000 36 0.2050 1.12,500 12 0.3850 113,.100 37 0.1975 220,600 13 0.3775 115,400 38 0.1900 229,300 . • 17; Q..3700 7.17;700 39 0.1825 238.700 15 0.3625 120,200 40 C.1750 246,900 16 0.3550 122,700 41 0.1675 260,100 17 0.3475 125,400 42 0.1600 2.72,300 18 0.3400 128,100 43 0.1525 285,600 19 0.3325 131,000 44 0.1450 300,400 20 0.32.50 134,000 45 0.1375 37.6,800 21 0.3175 137,200 46 0.1300 335 J-00 22 0.3100 140,500 47 0.1225 355,600 23 0.3025 144,000 48 0.1150 378,800 24 0.2950 147,700 49. 0.1075 405 200 50 0.1000 435,600 over 50 0.1000 435,600 T.3 AL/jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan DEFINITIONS OF STEEPNESS ----------------- =------------------------------------------- Steepness of terrain can be defined in several ways, as the relation between the sides of a triangle representing a verti- cal section of a hill, or as the angle between the terrain and the horizontal plane. The letters s, v and h in the attached table indicate a distance on the ground and its vertical and horizontal. projections; the letter a represents the angle 1•etween the slcpi_ng and the hori- zontal sides of a triangle. Unfortunately, the definitions of the terms ".slope", "grade", "gradient" and "batter", and of the expression "the slope is one to " are not well known or uniformly applied, which causes much confusion. It would be desirable if only the one called "slope" were used (as a ratio or a percentage); the others require conversion to and from map measurements. Angles may be measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, or in degrees with decimal fractions, or in grads a right angle is 100 grads; 1c=100`=10,000��. but decimals of suffice), or in radians (a right angle is V/2 rad). Radian.; are the standard measurement of angles in the modernized metric system, but grads are more practical for surveying; transits and other instruments in countries using the metric system are usual.ly,calibrated in grads. Tncidental1y, the triangle on the attached page has a slope of 70%, and the angle a is 35°. This is about the steepest hill one can walk on (provided the ground is not slippery); steeper hills require scrambling with.the help of one's hands. The terms "slope", "grade" and "batter" are defined according to a paper by James 0. Berkland, Senior Engineering Geologist, Santa Clara County Department of Public Works. AL/jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General^lan rnNVERSION BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS OF SLOPE 11 u -- -------- Example 1 - ----- le 2 Example --------- Example 3 - Example 4 - Example 5 Slope - v/h tan a 0.1000 0.3000 0.5000 1.0000 infinite Slope (percent) __OOv/h 10.002 30.00% 50.00% 100.00`/. infinite Grade - v/s = sin a 0.0995 0.2873 0.4472 0.7071 1 Gradc (percent) = 100v/s 9.957 28.73% 44.72% 70.71% 100% Gradient = v(ft)/ /s(miles) 5280 sin a 525.4 1517.2 2361.3 3733.5 5280 Batter h/v cot a 101-1 3.3331-1 2-1 1-1 0 h 1 1x10 1x3.333 11-2 lrl infinite One to .... v Angle (degrees) 5042'38" 16°41'57" 26°33'54" 450 90° Angle (grads) 6.3451c 18.5547c� 29.5167c 50c 100c I Angle (radians) 0.0997 1 0.2915 0.4636 0.7854 1.5708 11 u -• AL/mc-jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS ---------------------------------------------------------------- Most of the presented slope -density d 0 formulas are polygonal, i.e. broken lines. The sloping section of this, line applies the general formuld for d=o-bs J a straight line, d=a-bs. Density (d) T decreases the amount of b for every o � 0 S Slope unit of slope (s). b y =sin x 41 b y = cos x - - - - - - - -----` ,---------- ----------- X -Ir 900 180° 2700 3600 The trigonometric functions of sine (sin),'cosine (cos), tangent (tan, to or tg) and cotangent (cot, ctn or ctg) are defined by a right-angle triangle: sin c( = a/c, cos c. = b/c, tan a/ b, cot d = b/a. Several of the presented formulas are sine curves, a type of curve common in nature as well as in technology. Waves are.sine curves (unless near the point of breaking). Voltage of alternating current (AC) is a sine function of time. - A cosine curve is identical with a sine curve, only with a phase displace- ment. -1- ,* • kl�j AL/mc-jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Hill Area General Plan GEOMETRY OF SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS (cont'd.) ----------------------------------------------------------------- a+b a -b 1 b 180° C d b b\ S The slope -density sine curves are of the type d=a+b cos(s+c). The maximum value of d is a+b, when s=0. The mini- mum value of d is a -b, when s=180°/c. S If a=b, the minimum of d is 0. One of the slope -density formulas is a hyperbola (one of the conic sections), a curve which in each direction X approaches but .never meets a straight line. The simplest hyperbola is y=1/x. (For instance, y may represent dwelling units per net acre, x average lot area in acres; if x is expressed in square feet, y=43560/x.) The presented hyperbola is of.the type d=a/.(s+b)-c. When s=0, d=a/b-c. When d=0, s=a/c-b. -2- C 2- L 0 Hill Area General Plan GAIN OR LOSS IN NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS DETERMINED BY SLOPE -DENSITY FORMULAS Gain of dwelling units by dividing property (loss by consolidating) Concave part of curve* Loss of dwelling units by dividing property (gain by consolidating): Convex part of curve* A= 100 cc AL/mc-jk 80,022.1 May 14, 1974 Example 1 (County 1 graph) l 200 ac 50% slope': 40 DU or: 100 " 30% If60 " 100 " 70% 20 " (100% gain) 8D " Example 2 (County I adj. graph; 1 high Sine graph) 200 ac 60% slope: 10 DU; 14 DU or: 100 50% 21 18 " 100 70% 5 " 5 " (160% gain) 26 23 "(64% gain) ---------------------------------------- Example 3 (County 1 graph; Sine I graph) i b 200 ac 10% slope: 200 DU; 189 DU or 100 5% 100 98 " 100 15% 90 88 " (5% loss) 190 186 "(1.6% loss) ------------------------------------------ e= 10000 * The reading for the undivided property does not have to be located at the break of the polygonal graph.. The gain or loss occurs whenever one reading of thedivided property falls on the horizontal section of the graph and the other on the sloping section. The property does not have to be divided in equal parts. Hill Area General Plan 1.6. CONSERVATION MEASURES �f 1• AL/tm 81,003.22 April 17, 1975 Hill Area General Plan CONSERVATION MEASURES ---------------------------------------------------- --------- A statement is being prepared on conservation measures and the means to implement them. n Hill Area General Plan 3.7. ENERGY • • 11 81,003.22 July 14, 1(i75 Hi 1.1 Arca General Plan 1i5LRCY RE110I2' by 1). J. ;1YRONU1, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Th California Environment._'. Quality Act was amended, effective January 7, 1975, to require Chat the discussion of mitigation measures gelated to any Ravironmcnrtr'l. Tmnact Rennrt, :include a riscuss:ion of ,n_asures t^ _:dote the inefficient and unnecessary coilsumptien of energy• The following paragraphs are a discussion of energy measures associated with the Hill Area Gencral Plan Study and the alternatives proposed in the plan. National _and Regiona.l Persnecti.ve Relative to Ener v- Usa-e Proonsed in die Hill Area Gen'aral. Plan On a nationwide basis in 1972, for a raw energy total of: about 70x1015 BTU, 19.5% was used by residential and conmterci.al operations; 24G by transporta- tion;,31% by industry and 24.57 by electrical utilities. (References E-1, B-2, B-3, E-4 found in the Appendix of. this Report). In 1973 and 1974, the raw energy totals were 711.7x1Ol3 and 73.1x101 BTU's respectively. 'iiia percentages in each user category has not changed appre:ciabl.y to date. Again in the 1972 perspective, the nationwide total households required an annual input of about 15:;1015 BTU of which more than one half is discarded as waste-, energy. In particular, space heating consumes some 65% of the residential energy budget and results in about 807 of the quantity of wasted energy. At the sante time, water heating assumed about 13% of the residential energy budget; liRhting about 10%; cooling 5% and conking 5%. In California, 967 of the residences are gas heated, the remainder use electrical heating. Negligible amounts of oil, coal or wood are used for space, heating. In 1972 in the Bay Area, an average of 2.7x,1012 BTU per day were consumed by the following users. (Reference E-5). Domestic 17.1% Commercial 6.5% Refi.neri.es 18.4% Utilities 15.4% Industrial 10.6% Transportation 30.5% Miscellaneous 1.67 During that period, 2.8 million cars and light duty trucks consumed six ni.1li.on gallons of gasoline while driving about 76 million miles (Reference H-5). This Coils unip tion amounts to about 0.67x101` ]BTU per day or about one quarter of the. daily energy budget-. In the Santa Clara Valley, the average day (about 160,000 BTU) of electricity; 330,000 BTU). These figures are annual day. -1- household uses about 15 kilowatts per and 3.3 therms of natural gas (about consumption reduced to an average per 81.,003.22 .luly 24, 1975 Ili]l Area General Plan ENERGY BEFORF by D. J. 19YRONUK • Twice as much residential. ener,;y is provided by natural gas as rompared t -o electrical em,rgy. In perspecti.ve then, f:vcu.34ng at.tent]on on rite 1;'i.i] Area General- Plan, which is Primarily involved in resident.:i.al. ..che':nes ahi.ch only differ ir. density of residential areas, considerable energy savings :'::ay be realized by: (i) reducing energy -wasteful. or incorporating alternate space and water heating processes; (ii) considering eficicncy in lighting, cooling and cooking processes; (iii) reducing unnecessary usage/dependency on vehicles driven by the residents. Energy Requirements of: the Proposed Alternatives Using residential density data associated with each of the Alternatives as described in the Hill Area General Plan, Rev. June 24, 1975, estimates of energy requirements for the residences as well as transportation of the occupants arc! given in ''Table E-1. For the very low density alternative it is assumed the dwellings in the Foothill fringe and Church properties in general. have a larger floor area andenergy orad than for example residences associated with Lite maximums density plan in the same zones. For the higher elevation buildings, it is assumed they too have greater floor areas, and an increased winger heating requirement due to higher altitude climate. It is assumed the daily average energy requirements are about 18.5 kilowatts of electricity and 4 therms of natural. gas. As dwelling unit density increases oil the Foothill fringe and church properties, floor areas and energy requirements decrease to the average values in the Santa Clara Valley (15 kLlowatts and 3.3 therms of natural. gas). The energy requirements for higher altitude locations for any alternative plan, are assumed to ma-intain the higher than average values shown. Also tabulated are estimates of energy required for transportation of the residents using the grip generation factor provided by the Traffic Fngi.neer. For Table E-1, the numbers listed under column T in each alternative are based on an average distance from each zone, required to simpl.y.access highway 250. The remainder of the trip -end distance is then assumed con- stant for all zones once the intermediate goal of t:he tr:i.p has been reached. The estimates clearly show the effect of development in the flatter regions where because of proximity to major roadceays transportation energy require- lnent.s arc only about 15% of the total encrp,y requirements. At higher elevations (Zones 1. and 2 for example) about 30% of the total. enert•,y budget:. is used on transportation only. Thus, besides using more energy per DU, . the residents of the higher slopes, use twice the energy to access their property comparecl to residents nearer the valley floor. The total. energy summations of 'fable G-1. are based upon current residential and vehicular use patterns which are assumed to persist :into the f:nture. 'file estimates i Ll el,00s.: July, 24, 1975 Hill. Arca Gcueral i?.Lin hhitiRG), l,FPORJ' by D. J. N'iRONUK -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do not account for fuel shortages and/or rationing; use :,f alternate c•nerl_ sources; public acceptance of l.i.}?,i:t.er, hi!ner r„ile-Pur-I,allon pri.•:rt.! .<:!li..le ; avt,.i :l.a b -i iit_v of n1111.1ic. tratisporl:at: i. onI s.I.atecl incentives to ce:7soY•de fuel/ nerp;,. as well as voluntary reduction in dot:7esti.c en.ergv usage. F::ch of these latter 1.tems wil_1 reduce energy, consumpt:i.on to Ieve l.s I than the figures shown. Using the suggestionsof:fered in the mitigation Section of: tris rc.nrt, the energy totals listed may be potentially reduced h- at least a thin' or more as well. -3- 0 0 TABLE E-1 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENCES AND TRANSPORTATION Alternative :-1 _, Church Property Foothill Fringe Lindy Canyon Regnart.Canvon) Scven Springs ) Permanente Stevens Res. Area ) ciontebello Ridge ) UD -per Stevens Canyon) Sub totals Total Energy Required per day (- 106 BTU Very Lora Density H (240) T 31 4.1 11 1.6 2.4 0.7 County City H (1496) T H (2147) T_ 154 21 357 59 75 6.1 165 16.3 12.6 3.8 13.8 4.2 City-Count" H (2574) T 357 59 165 16.3 2.4 0.7 Maximum H T 647 107 512 51 2.4 0.7 38.4 19.3 155 78 196 39 392 196 .548 275 9.3 0.9 94 16 37 6.5 94 16 94 .116 52,8 21.2 406 163 206 83 406 163 406 163 145 48 897 288 1171 365 193 1185 1536 1428 455 1883 2226 618 2844 H = Home energy requirements gas + electricity (x. 106 BTU/day) T = Transportation energy to access liwy. 280 from estimated residence center in each zone or combination of zones (x 106 BTU/day). NOTE: The table figures are referred to current energy use patterns• The Transportation co.i.0-^. ssumes a vehicle fuel usage as 13 miles per gallon- Should legislation eventually mandate Cr."' 20 or 25 miles per gallon cars, and should industry provide vehicles that actually perform at this ever, the figures sho-::n would be reduced on a simple proportion calculation. 80,016.5 81,003.22 July 24, 1975 Hill Area General Plan ENERGY REPORT by D. J. MYRONUK -S --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mi.ti.gation Measures At this time only a general discussion is possible to delineate energy wasteful or energy efficient techniques, operations or continued practices. The following items when incorporated in part or in total, with specific development plans, will mitigate energy waste or inefficient usage now observed to occur in existing residential developments in the Santa Clara Valley. 1. Types of Construction: Single-family detached dwellings have a higher heat loss per square foot of floor area than individual dwellings in condominiums, town- houses, semi-detached dwellings and apartments in apartment buildings. r The reduction in the ratio of exterior wall area to horizontal floor area (which, excluding curved surfaces, is lowest for a simple square floor plan) also reduces energy/heat losses. Thus a one story house of rectangular or "L" shape has the same heat loss as a two story square layout house. In both cases walls and ceilings were insulated. The use of "11" or "T" shaped floor plans results in even higher heat losses compared to the square layout. (References E-10, E-11). 2. Insulation/Heat Loss Protection: Insulation in the residence floors, walls and ceilings makes a large difference in heat loss and heat gain. In the Bay Area a well insulated home has little need for any air conditioning on most warm -weather days. The use of insulation with effective thermal resistance designation R-19 in ceilings and walls with R-11 in floors will considerably reduce annual heating and air conditioning costs. These designations are higher than values required for compliance in California as specified in Title 25, Article 5, Section 1094 of the State Housing and Community Development Code.* For slab -on -grade houses, edge insulation reduces heat losses from the interior. If perimeter heating ducts are used under the slab, even greater heat losses will be avoided by using edge insulation. For residences with crawl spaces, closeable vents and a vapor barrier ground cover will reduce heat loss from the interior through the floors. Heating •fuel may also be saved by being able to zone the heating system of a residence with a few manual. duct dampers or valves. In this way unused or seldom used rooms can remain unheated. I • * Title 5, Article 5 is currently in effect in the City of Cupertino. The required R value for insulation will. vary depending ,upon building construction techniques and materials. -5- .July 111.1.1. arca General flan REPORT t,v D. .J. 1;iROSUK • ----------------------------------------------------- -------------- 80,016.5 ----------- 80,016.5 81,003.2? 14, ]97 A well built, adcquatr.ly insulated building however won't: he energy efficient w:i.tli poor qua.li.ty windows; losses through ela.ina can he si.gni.ficant. Comparing single pane, metal framed windows with no specific thermal barrier, with wood framed insula Ling glass, (two or more panes of glass with sealed in air space:,) the use of the latter in test cases :in major geographical areas, reduced annual hcati.n; costs by 30%. Besides saving fuel, such thermal windows result in Lower ni.r conditioning loads, eliminaLe a need for storm windows and cut cle.:n:ing time in half:. Metal framed thermal windows are available as well., but the wood frame's advantage of being a good insulator compared to a metal frame, does outweigh on an energy basis the woather resistance advanta;;es of certain metals. The use of storm doors in addition to regular exterior doors also prevents some unnecessary air infiltration. All. heating/air conditioning ducts run through non -thermally conditioned spaces should be insulated with at least one to two inches of flexible. insulation. For fireplace installations, the damper should be provided with a tight seal, and the unit closed when not in use. • Using light colored coatings or materials in the _xtcricr wall: and roof, as opposed to dark colors, will. reduce solar h,:at gain. 3. Resource Conserving Energy Forms: For apartment complexes, cluster houses or a consortium of: residences, a heat pump system can be used to provide adequate space and water heating and space cooling of: the facility, using less than half the energy requited to perform the same tasks with conventional heaters or coolers (Reference E-3). Currently available solar hest collecting panels can be used to augment the usual pool heating systems. 4. Orientation of Buildings: In general, for buildings at the Hill Area latitude, an eavc overhang, of 32 to 34 inches will shade exposed.walls and windows from the direct rays of summer. sun;hlne. In the winter months, the lower nzi.muthal path of tile sun (closer to the horizon) allo::s sone_ of the sun's rays to penetrate under the eaves and provide a desirable heat gain. During colder months, attached Barn es can serve to insulate a wa].1; and in the warm months, a garagc or carport- on the east or west walls can reduce heat gain, in turn air conditioning leads. locating the ridge of the houses parallel to the east/west a;:i.s is thermally advantageous ill rcduci.ng i.nterinr solar heat gain yet providi.111" a potential area for roof mounted solar water heaters or water energy collectors. In term.; of recent develop:.^.encs of vct.y efficient nbsorbcrs using tungsten crystals, efficient: use of solar energy map soon he a part of every household. Current cotmnercio.l.ly ava:i.a.ab.le solar energy absorber systems arc operaCi.ouaa. after a 1'.aslii_on in a li.mitcd number of cnses Lltou;;h much remain;; to be determined a:; to durability of presently u:;cd materials, long term ma inLennnce free operation as well as „O,UIp.S 81 AM 22 July 11, 1975 Hill. Area General Pon 1:1,;1;11C,Y NHP(),T by 1). ;I , i 11RON1111 the very high i.n'itial cost: of: installation and accommodation in a solar -type building (Reference E-7). It is thermally advantageous to use more gInz:i.ni in southeast, south and southwest: exposures, and shade these .openings by trees, shrubs or awnings as well as cave overhang to reduce summer solar heat gain (:reference E-10). Evergreen trees on the northerly exponArus act as a barrier to wind, Leaf bearing ti es on southerly exposures shade the building in the summer; yet upon dropping their leaves in wringer, allow solar heat gain. Shrubs, trellise., hed2n s, should be carefully planned to provide natural wind breaks for building entrances. Air conditioner condensers trust be located in shaded arcus with plenty of natural ventilation. Doing so, increases the air conditioner compressor efficiency which in tern reduces energy consumed. 5. Transportation: In the Santa Clara Valley, the individual reliance on the private automobile operation appears to be an ongoing tread. in turn, the vehicles continue to be not only a principal source of pollution emissions but inefficiently c_on::.ume ,past amounts of energy inthe form of gasoline and materials to build them and the roads they require. The proposed construction of a residential development in a hill area not .� presently serviced, even partially, by public transportation, eneournges the trend toward personal vehicle usage.. This trend mn be slightly alleviated J alleviated by including in building plans, well landscaped, weather pro- tected bus or public transit waiting stations or car pool collection centers in the neighborhoods. Bicycle lanes, well buffered from the main streets, would also promote non -automobile oriented transportation. Efficiently run 8 to 10 passenger service vehicles or mini -buses could also serve to reduce the 30 private second auto ridership that is entailed in stropping and non -work hour commute trips. Centralized local recreational facilities and hiking paths would eliminate some of the additi.onal auto trips out of: the area for residents participating in such activities. 6. Lighting Practices: Fluorescent: lights should be used to provide a majority of artificial interior illumination. Such fiatnres provide three [rimes the illumination and last ten t:imcs as long as comparable: wattage incandescent: lights. In kitchens, two watts of: fluorescent light per square foot of: floor provides the snme illumination as six watts of conventional light: bul.hs. At the general latitude of the Hill Area, skylights can provide at: least 10 watts per square foot of opening, of natural interior illumination. Windows •during locnted daylight high up on hours. the side walls also provide interior lighting -7- 81.,001.» Jule 14, 197 i,rca Gcn::sal. 7':L: it ---------------------------------------- • %. Construrt::ion lract:Lccs: Dur in, construction phase, fr,unSc;t:ions can DC: pla:u:cr. ti, :;it on r.aLura1 .. ro..nd e].eaori.ons t!1J.6, reduced C., rtlt ..sai.nr; C, pe.::- ;c and a col::-ensarate reduced f:ue1 usr.;�;e. A], i:xcc:ration e,i ._ur,�, cut :i.s mads_ such th:a C!te e:<oos- earth :nail Setvcs lisulatu =i.•C portion or orae weal of the build .r. i.n Clti.s :ase gr:_din— t -ire roue arcs ifac- around thr_ bui.IdIn- and it:.=.rai.li:i; e;.fecLiv_ .;torn L Co Ca ._. i:, adequate slope. f:or surface wal-lar and substn-face ;rater Lo qu:icl:1; a-,oay from the d-,:elli.ug. This helps L:reap earth r:c.-Ii to rise foundation dric-r and war -sr which reduces heat :Loss throagh the: taa11. Althou,h aestileL.;.Call .Lore pleasing to L-11 k, ol)ser'vi"r, the ins tailaLi.On of uoderground electric u;-ili.ties, , ns co -.,ma red to above ;round .7:fines, iS entry war to..fuI i.n the :i nstallaticn I-hvsa; (%)Inch esoiains iu part wil.v go in,,.; undergzCiind cost:: eight: to ten times more than u1.: 6 g ;a i. res over -- head). Iu the lonfler Lena! picture, the oh;aic losses are _..,_.eI L i a 1 IV similar; yet: initially superior it;sulat:ioe for underground 1:I.1)es .__... be less eru.rgy Coils �.rving titan bare over^read lines due to :insulation deteriora- tion in ri process ciascribed as "treeing" so named due to uni.qua patter::s in the failing insulation layars. P,eplaceruanli or repair of such utdsr- ground lines car: be poLentiall.y error-mmis.ty expensive and a:.ergy wastaful rutin con.pared to eas.i.ly obsarved rind repaired nverhead 7J.nos aensivc•. stktdi.es are Ln nro_;r.ess to :.tscertsin relatively unlaresnt long ter;t un .r - •_s are well docamentc-I for many decades. ]:n the caristruction period, numerous su•n,gcst.:_ions o good cot:sLructi_i,n practice and insulati-on installation practices are cou,A-miously provided by the 'National ..ssociat:ion of Home: Buildcrs and the Ar. e_ricin :Lnsti tote of: Architects), many of which are in L!:e bent interests oi: saving energy (:references 2-40, L-11) . Sot:,: of these sui,,gestions are: - use of sill sua:l rs between the foundation and band joints or sill plat-cs; use of scaler material between the bottom e:aer:Lor. t:a:tl plate and the floor slicathing; - caulking all cracks at windo.is, doors or any wall. openings; - nai.ling sheathing tightly to framing me:rbers to minimize wall -air moveme.nt:; - using duct tape as well as insulation to seal all duct joints; using insulation and plastic vapor barrier material to frill up cracks around doors; and windows; e.g. behind p:i.pcs, wires and elecLrical outlet boxes; cores in tilt -up coucrote walls or cinder block walls with vermi.cnhtr., nearlite, or expanded foam i.n.su.Int.on ntaLuri.a.1. -8- 80,01 ().1- 81.,063.:'.° J111y 14, .1.9 5 Il:i.1.1 Area General. Plan D. J. .,) ,1.,... .i: .,rK 8. Conservatiou Devices: Lven tliouL;h an atC:ic r- -, _rsu1"1Lo.d the heat but. -dup LI 1 till.. nCt:i c. space, wi13. 1:-r•etroLr_ tirou,�h the oiling bolo.. c.cat;n: ,.: :nr:rant.•d Source of ovc:'iea d radiant Chat. not only a:rills to Lha air conCLi t .on i.it load, buL ndrlc Co the clic;cc:aEort of Chu res:i. lien Cs. Lo;L;; ;a;:tai: !:lie :;nn sets, the: trapr-;cid mass of. ;air continues to rind: -ate he;;t into Clio l.ivir,* or s1e C -ping quarters bc;J.OSi with t:he 'L,,su,.t the OCG:p lillCS k.2(lp air ((olj- ditioners running ].cmz;er than _ayuir d. In upsta:i.cs rooms, for multi--leveJ_ biomes, peopl.d tend to ;attain cc fore by turr•.i:v2 .summ,-.r tllerulostats even 7. ower ?'Ll r t11C 1: 1, ric re asi nth tlie- amo Ll llt of ell er<;Y req a i. red. Good ccnst:ructi.on practice calLs for attic space vent:: or opcnings primarily to eliminate :;inter ccsdensatior. prob1cros. Buc these openings, ..-hich dcpc•.rrl upon natural convectic; 81 001 1.22 Jul.), 1"t, 1975 I ii 1.1 Arca Guncral, ]']..At) FINVI"GlY 16:1.101ft, b" 1). J. i 1Y R 0 i71 TI • --- ------ _ ----- t:he - - ---- --- .in ---- ---------- relative --- - ---- hnT,.li,dity - - is ----- ---------- - * --- - - - - - ino from ?0" to - - - - - - - - - -- - - -J, thh 6(.)'4' d;r.i" on"l, comiort: j or fell: rat. Ll ELs '(Adl! ced'LII for 'An field Ij b o U t al S j 11 :1, Sj IC?. costs. For built -:in ma i oj, aunl.i;m cLs the c7, % ra Liner y r(I (I u f a 1- Self ,I l can.i.m, OVOMS 3 . .5 Mol'o th;jll 9171 -act. by t:le c::t ra L:riCU D.1,1 LiJeSC- They sh oui J be an c d wh still. ho ;-- .from a could overs not oni), s:ivr, �Lma but use up to VO);' less CoLal CnIC3 :,";y A convenLional culuatc'TarLs Raldid recovery !n :i. Ls on water ,.users should be d is co Ll d. Ex c(_- S , i V0.13, high I h: It:CIr tamp era tures a ra (Imc2 r,,v wasteful; 110 to 12"0ol" is ,Idoaun�_c. filt; usual 150"1.- setti:,g is enougn to disinfect di,_-*ies or clothes (this j.(Ar least: 2 mLnutc2s) , hence the use of the Ia;,-Ctr sFtt:ii1& can Sava 20 to 25 percent of the 1,aLor heat-ing, energy budget. Electronic hurnor it'nition units can he spocificd in p1aco of !:h -:i ener,,- wasLill�, "j.10L f1i'mes (which LCMs11711E! 10 t 1.5 percent Of the IL!Cii sun; lied) for n_-tural gas burners (Reference E-6) . Window shads , covers or drapes if properly used, call !:,Jvo up to 157 of the heating or cool-incosts. For unwanted sumlllcIr heat gain, or heat: loss through windo,.:s or glass doors, dj:ewll shades can reduce sinter • li.at Insccs by 25% and summer he�it gain by 507. Duri.7 w;ntcr .1 i:mn ,nths" tc, rG31Lr un Z; .1 A� �.,, — - ill At: other tines, t1 -1c drapP3 should be redrawn. Ill ;,I study conduct -ed *Dy the U.S, Depirrment of Commerce in the Midwest, for .7. resiucInce v,ith 157 window area, ordinary shades mads a difference of 8 comi-s on overy heating ClOLLar. and 2 cents PE'r dollar spent on cooling. With selective shadinc, or draping of Calitornia residences, the energy Savin. -s L-u also considerable. For f,..replaces, the use of thermal grnLings, natural or forced air dev-i-es as i ao vell. as radiant energy refl,,cl:-sll o, � w a fireplace to effectively heat a room. The use of energy reflective glass, bronzed or. smoked Pass, as we.11 as reflective films cipplicd to glass surface::, can rLcluc,.c umaanced solar boat gain by 50 to 75 percent compared to ordinary glazing niaterial. 9. Waste 11cal: 1'ccovery: Sma7.-1. size flue gas heat recovery unity can eff ic, unt.].v use energy norma.11y lost up the chilflncy in most residences (Reference E-8). A clothes dryer uses ten times the energy of ill automatic clothes washer, hence c1ol-.1-lLs1incs should be rediscovered. As \,.,c,.I.l during winter months the vent pipe of electric dr,%,C;:S should be fil.tercd and divertable into the. int:erior of the residence to provide ,;oma space heating \71-th some additionn.l. TR(AisLur,_,, rather than venting into an unheated gare'll,ii or. out- doors. Dryers and furnnces should be located with Unsc of access in mind to chall�,CI aLr filters ;111C] reduce thu waste of file]. that results from cloggeo or partially bl-oclwd filters. -.1.0- 81,(:0,.22 ,July 1/4, 1975 M.11 Area Plan 1"N'L."RGY E E D10, 11" . F by D. J. N'YRONTI, 0 10. Recycling: Any dCvolcpmcnl- c!-.ould pro'./f.dc ccntrn.1.[;:ed faciliti,::s to eucutiraeo vhc-, qn:;ar.:t4on of waste;; (about, 5 puuwls par person lser c!:iy) into tlhrc catego]-LL.S of raped-, m-'tal, Co Ti-.bu,- L ;A, le mziLor.i .: Lj can bo used to nruvidu some of the ucl. o- ellC:rv,y ICCOVery boilers (Reference F-9). At the !;a:,io time:, resources, are consorv--d wizen inorj.;and. c are recovurcc-,d and recycled instead of. bcqng bIII Lod. .11. Energy ;'.ate Struct-ores: rates for colectric;31 energy Lb -if- are do-si6lInd to reduce energy consuL-1,Lion are still in ti: OaI-ly st-a,teo of evaluation for Pacific Gas and Electric Company is participatin,; in a formal tion into raise design before the California Public ULiLiti.--s CC s.1, i on in case number 9 S2 1i . continuing ng rate r(�S,2nrci,J) b LS bc"', an�-alyzed to",(Ithor w,it:h input from otl'lc:r major CaliforniaCutiiitics. The procccriin,,;s intended to produce speciiic reconbilendaLiow--. for controlled o>:perlments in the application Of selected rate revisionIq. Among the suo11,1,e-,nid ral-r, alternatives, considered in the case numibc�r 9804, the results of which %Joul.d discou rage energy consumption arc, :inverted rates, discount rates, mar�jnai cost pricing, special penalty rates for large consim:Ption and tire of day pricing • Additional specific details are included or part of the record Of the Hearings on ".ssei--bly Bill of the California Leglisl.aLufe. r- I L Several energy conserving, measUrCS , techniquc�s , su1g.,;estion!3 and references have been developed in this rc,port. It would be &:�.tramely difficult to lirw quantify the five hill Plan Alternatives as to their designation of 'good" or "bad" from an eucrgy viewpoint without specific numbers, architectural plans and locations. It is hoped this portion of the Gencral Report aids the reader in differentiatin�, the truth or fallacy of the situation where Lhc. continuous IT12S.5' production and cEectinl,, of 500 residences rcouirc.S 1C,`%; construction energy per unit than the intermittent: construction of 50 residences. The enemy aspect Of any development today is more realistically approached not by 'hov., many" residences are built, but simply "how" they are built. By continual monitoring of subsequunt specific planning and development. phases, concerned citi:,mns can do their part for energy conserv.,.itioii today and more important yet'how they Can continue to use enc.,j.(,,y efficiently tomorrow. Rcspoccfully Submitted D. J. Myronuk, PhD -11- 33'005.:22 .3 J.y :14 , 19 75 Hi1.1. Area Cenc'ra'- Plan Ia;EIX1, i(iPOi:'f Ly D. .J. I1Ylip?a.'I: E--1 ':ncrgy, A r Oua1.it:y and Lhc Systcin App roac!;. i'Ii 195 797. hi1.;:, 19-0. E-2 Encr�-y CoIF; I.:11,ption ,tor Pra:nsportaIion in t:hc IJ.S. OltilJ.,-F;Si-LP 15. ilal:Cli, 197Y. E-3 'i:}:e U.S. Lne rgy Prcb Leri. Volume I. Na L:i.onnl. 'Icclmical 11nforma1--ion Service. PB -207-517. November, 1971. I:-4 The U.S. Energy Prob1cm. Volume II. 'MS PB=207-5185. E-5 Bay Area Air Pol.lution Control District Data for San Francisco I'ay Area, 1972. . E-6 Study of the Future Supp'.y of ;daatur:l. Gas for ElecLr'ical Utilities. NTTS 1.1r, -20.-i--285, Fol) ru;iry, 1972. E-7 ConservaLion and DcLte.r Utilization of ElectrLc Power icy McFlms Uf Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Heating. NT1S. I'B-210-359. E-3 Plant Ensinc 2ri.n.� Publication. Articles10: A. Sizing Roof Vcntil.ations; ScpLember, 1.^7:: B. Varic'i,Le-Vo1.ume Sysi._rt of Cooling Plant Offices; March, 1973. C. Cuttin Air Ccnditi.oni.r,g Costs Or,c Third; .Tune, 1.973. D. Pipe Insulation Materials: January, 1.974, E. Heat Recovery Sysee:ns Ln Industry--:\ppl.ical'i.ons; December, .11.172. :r E-9 "Energy and IOS011rCE Recovery from Solid Wastes". Garrett Research and Development Co., LraVerne, California. 6`75-012. February, 1975. E-10 "Energy Conservation in Building Design". American 1nsL:i.tute of Architects. .ay, 1.974. E-11 "36 k,ays to Conserve Energy". NAIIP Journal-Scopc. 'January, 19 75 . -1.2- 'we t TIM iS S t �e S d% JI 4 ® `• � Ll C�� •{r �.: ?a'i.4:. t:dFt�.�.�..^."� ...�4`�.~T;•L31 j['jF'�=+� =5 Irlt A IFINII �>!, d ��'J. �� .'r � .� �s�! ilj t•, - _ i' �3f.J i /�� r i C' ..� ,i--� J r p. l " Ii L �Vi'•wT