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Item 6-1 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Metrics PresentationDNV GL ©SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © City of Cupertino Sustainability Commission 1 Community GHG Inventory Methodology DNV GL © Why Does Cupertino Need a GHG Inventory? ▪Climate Action Plan adopted in January 2015 ▪Community-wide GHG reduction goal of 15% below 2010 levels by 2020, which approximates a return to 1990 levels ▪In 2015, community-wide emissions were 13% below 2010 levels 2 DNV GL © The Global Protocol 3 ▪“The Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) offers cities and local governments a robust, transparent and globally- accepted framework to consistently identify, calculate and report on city greenhouse gases.” ▪The GPC was adopted as a central component of the Compact of Mayors, the world’s largest cooperative effort among mayors and city official to reduce GHG emissions ▪First published in 2014 DNV GL © Sources and Boundaries of City GHG Emissions 4 ▪Scope 1: Emissions from sources located within city boundary (e.g. combusting natural gas in your furnace) ▪Scope 2: Emissions occurring as a consequence of the use of grid-supplied electricity (e.g. charging your cell phone at home) ▪Scope 3: Other emissions that occur outside the city boundary as a result of activities taking place within the city boundary (e.g. driving your car form Cupertino to Sunnyvale –fuel combusted during the portion of the trip while driving through Sunnyvale). DNV GL © Sources and Scopes Covered by the GPC 5 ▪There are several different forms/levels of GPC reporting ▪Cupertino is following the “BASIC” reporting level that the vast majority of cities use: green boxes ▪Not all sub-sectors are applicable to every city (e.g. waterborne navigation) DNV GL © Sources and Scopes Covered by the GPC cont. 6 DNV GL © Stationary Energy Sector ▪Key Data Sources –Electricity Consumption: PG&E, SVCE, large energy user –Electricity EF: PG&E, SVCE, CARB, large energy user –Natural Gas Consumption: PG&E –Natural Gas EF: The Climate Registry –Natural Gas fugitive: ICLEI ClearPath –Off-road Equipment Fuel: California Air Resources Board (CARB) OFFROAD model 7 ▪Methodology Notes –Total “direct access” electricity consumption provided by PG&E. A large direct access energy consumer voluntarily provided their electricity consumption to City. Direct access electricity procured by this large energy consumer has a very low emission factor. –Off-road equipment emissions are modelled at county level. Proportion assigned to Cupertino based on % of total county population and jobs in Cupertino. –Natural gas leak rate based off of ICLEI ClearPath assumption: 0.3% DNV GL © Transportation Sector 8 ▪Key Data Sources –Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT): General Plan (Hexagon), MTC –Vehicle MPG: EMFAC Web Database, FuelEconomy.gov –Vehicles types: EMFAC Web Database ▪Methodology Notes –As part of the General Plan process, a transportation model developed by Hexagon was run to estimate origin-destination VMT in Cupertino for year 2013. This 2013 total VMT was used as the “baseline” for projecting 2015 and 2018 VMT. A VMT growth rate estimated by MTC was applied to the 2013 baseline VMT. –EMFAC Web Database provides data on the composition of vehicles in Santa Clara County (vehicles type, fuel type, MPG) DNV GL © Waste Sector 9 ▪Key Data Sources –Tonnage of waste landfilled: CalRecycle’s Disposal Reporting System –Composition of waste: CalRecycle’s 2014 Characterization Study –WWTP population served: San Jose –WWTP biochemical oxygen demand: SJ-SC RWF Annul Report –WWTP nitrogen effluent: SJ-SC RWF Annual Report ▪Methodology Notes –The “methane commitment” approach is used to calculate disposed waste emissions (i.e. how much methane will 1 ton of waste sent to landfill in 2015 emit over the next 30 years?). –Because this is not a “consumption-based” inventory, embodied emissions associated with producing/shipping goods are not accounted for. Only methane released when organic materials are sent to landfills is accounted for. –Anaerobic digesters at WWTPs break down organic matter and produce biogas. Methane (CH4) is released as part of this process. WWTPs also release nitrogen (N2O) effluent when treated sewage is released into waterways. DNV GL © Industrial and Agriculture Sectors 10 ▪Methodology Notes –Both of these sectors are optional for GPC reporting purposes. –Most cities do not have significant emissions from these two sectors and/or data is extremely hard to collect. –The IPPU sector includes processes that chemically or physically transform materials such as the blast furnace in the iron and steel industry. –The AFOLU sector includes manure management and land use change. DNV GL © GHG Inventory Excel-based Tool 11 DNV GL © Questions? 12 DNV GL © SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER www.dnvgl.com The trademarks DNV GL®, DNV®, the Horizon Graphic and Det Norske Veritas® are the properties of companies in the Det Norske Veritas group. All rights reserved. 13 Ben Butterworth Benjamin.butterworth@dnvgl.com